SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the fiscal year ended | December 31, 2008 |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from | ____________to ____________ | |
Commission file number | 0-20486 |
COMPAÑIA CERVECERIAS UNIDAS S.A.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
UNITED BREWERIES COMPANY, INC.
(Translation of Registrant's name into English)
Republic of Chile
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Vitacura 2670, Twenty-Third Floor, Santiago, Chile
(Address of principal executive offices)
Rosita Covarrubias,(562-427-3581), rosita@ccu.cl or rcovarr@ccu.cl
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
______________________________________________
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act.
Name of each exchange | |
Title of each class | on which registered |
American Depositary Shares | New York Stock Exchange |
Representing Common Stock | |
Common Stock, without par value | New York Stock Exchange* |
__________
* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares which are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Common stock, with no par value: | 318,502,872 |
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
Other by the International Accounting Standards Board
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which
financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Table of Contents
Introduction
In this annual report on Form 20-F, all references to “we”, “us” or “CCU” are to Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A., an open stock corporation (sociedad anónima abierta) organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile, and its consolidated subsidiaries. Chile is divided into regions, each of which is known by its roman number (e.g. “Region XI”). Our fiscal year ends on December 31st. Unless otherwise specified, all references to “U.S. dollars”, “dollars”, or “US$” are to United States dollars, and references to “Chilean pesos”, “pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos. We prepare our financial statements in accordance with Chilean generally accepted accounting principles, or “Chilean GAAP”, which differs in certain important respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). See Note 24 to the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 and for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 (together with the notes thereto the “consolidated financial statements”, or the “financial statements”), contained elsewhere in this annual report, which provides a description of the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and total shareholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. We publish our financial statements in Chilean pesos, which are adjusted to reflect changes in purchasing power due to inflation. Unless otherwise specified, financial data regarding us is presented in this annual report in constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008 purchasing power. See the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in pages F-8 through F-78 of this annual report. We use the metric system of weights and measures in calculating our operating and other data. The United States equivalent units of the most common metric units used by us are as shown below:
1 liter = 0.2642 gallons | 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters | |
1 liter = 0.008522 US beer barrels | 1 US beer barrel = 117.34 liters | |
1 liter = 0.1761 soft drinks unit cases (8 oz cans) | 1 soft drinks unit case (8 oz cans) = 5.6775 liters | |
1 liter = 0.1174 beer unit cases (12 oz cans) | 1 beer unit case (12 oz cans) = 8.5163 liters | |
1 hectoliter = 100 liters | 1 liter = 0.01 hectoliters | |
1 US beer barrel = 31 gallons | 1 gallon = 0.0323 US beer barrels | |
1 hectare = 2.4710 acres | 1 acre = 0.4047 hectares | |
1 mile = 1.6093 kilometers | 1 kilometer = 0.6214 miles |
This annual report contains various estimates made by us of market share data and related sales volume information. These estimates are based on statistics published or made available by A.C. Nielsen Chile S.A., or Nielsen, in the case of beer, soft drinks, water, wine and pisco sales in Chile; the Asociación de Cerveceros de Chile (Acechi), in the case of beer sales in Chile; Datum in the case of imports in Chile; theCámara de la Industria Cervecera Argentina (Argentine Beer Industry Chamber, or CICA) in the case of beer sales in Argentina; theAsociación Nacional de Bebidas Refrescantes (National Association of Soft Drinks, or ANBER) in the case of soft drinks and water; competitors public information in the case of wine sales in Chile; and theAsociación de Viñas de Chile, A.G. (the Wineries of Chile Association) in the case of Chilean wine exports. We believe that, due to the methodologies used, the statistics provided by these sources in some cases do not accurately reflect our market share or industry sales volumes. For example, the Nielsen sampling frame includes only the metropolitan areas of Chile and not the rural areas of the country, where we believe our beer market share is higher than in the metropolitan areas, due to our distribution system. Likewise, the sales of one of our Argentine competitors are not reflected in CICA’s statistics because this company is not a member of CICA. Similarly, data regarding the size of the Chilean soft drink and mineral water markets and market shares do not coincide with publicly available information of our sales volume and our competitors. As a consequence, we have revised the share estimates from the sources identified above for Chilean and Argentine beer sales and soft drink and mineral water sales to reflect what we believe is a more accurate measure of market shares, taking into account:
i
- reports published by theInstituto Nacional de Estadísticas (the Chilean National Institute of Statistics, or the INE),
- our internal sales data,
- sales information filed publicly by our competitors, and
- import and export reports made available by Chilean and Argentine customs authorities.
However, our revised estimates have not been confirmed by independent sources. Certain amounts, including percentage amounts, which appear in this annual report have been rounded and may not sum exactly to the totals shown.
Forward Looking Statements
This annual report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to as the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, which we refer to as the Exchange Act. These statements relate to analyses and other information, which are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. They also relate to our future prospects, development and business strategies.
These forward-looking statements are identified by the use of terms and phrases such as “anticipate”, “believes”, “could”, “expects”, “intends”, “may”, “plans”, “predicts”, “projects”, “will” and similar terms and phrases. We caution you that actual results could differ materially from those expected by us, depending on the outcome of certain factors, including, without limitation:
- our success in implementing our investment and capital expenditure program;
- the nature and extent of future competition in our principal marketing areas;
- the nature and extent of a global financial disruption and its consequences;
- political and economic developments in Chile, Argentina and other countries where we currently conduct business or may conduct business in the future, including other Latin American countries; and
- other factors discussed under “Risk factors”, “Our business” and “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations”.
You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report. We undertake no obligation to release publicly the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this annual report, including, without limitation, changes in our business strategy or planned capital expenditures, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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PART I
ITEM 1: Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable
ITEM 2: Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable
ITEM 3: Key Information
Selected Financial Data
The following table presents selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, and for each of the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, which has been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. Selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and for the two years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 has been derived from our consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report. The financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report.
The financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 shown below is presented in constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2008:
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||
(millions of constant Ch$) (1) | ||||||||||
Income Statement Data: | ||||||||||
Chilean GAAP: | ||||||||||
Total revenues | Ch$520,270 | Ch$587,577 | Ch$638,357 | Ch$684,201 | Ch$781,789 | |||||
Operating income | 72,628 | 79,375 | 93,207 | 110,407 | 121,066 | |||||
Interest expense | (7,336) | (8,851) | (8,905) | (9,508) | (12,274) | |||||
Other income | 5,408 | 3,878 | 9,146 | 22,050 | 4,420 | |||||
Income tax | (7,297) | (10,884) | (16,649) | (18,152) | (14,085) | |||||
Net income | 56,158 | 57,531 | 65,301 | 86,248 | 82,631 | |||||
Net earnings per share | 176.3 | 180.6 | 205.0 | 270.8 | 259.4 | |||||
Net earnings per ADS (2) | 881.6 | 903.1 | 1,025.1 | 1,354.0 | 1,297.2 | |||||
Dividends per share (3) | 89.80 | 97.37 | 112.62 | 149.20 | 155.66 | |||||
Dividends per ADS in US$ (2) (3) | 0.78 | 0.94 | 1.06 | 1.61 | 1.33 | |||||
Weighted average shares | ||||||||||
Outstanding (000s) | 318,503 | 318,503 | 318,503 | 318,503 | 318,503 | |||||
U.S. GAAP: | ||||||||||
Total revenues | Ch$520,270 | Ch$587,577 | Ch$638,357 | Ch$684,201 | Ch$781,789 | |||||
Operating income | 63,487 | 74,615 | 78,772 | 108,406 | 121,299 | |||||
Net income | 56,160 | 59,202 | 61,921 | 92,086 | 93,160 | |||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share | 176.3 | 185.9 | 194.4 | 289.1 | 292.5 | |||||
Basic and diluted earnings per ADS (2) | 881.5 | 929.5 | 972.0 | 1,445.5 | 1,462.5 | |||||
Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||
Chilean GAAP: | ||||||||||
Total assets | Ch$732,683 | Ch$768,434 | Ch$816,178 | Ch$900,185 | Ch$1,072,953 | |||||
Long-term liabilities | 156,147 | 209,077 | 192,385 | 239,048 | 209,539 |
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Total debt (4) | 167,819 | 175,170 | 171,404 | 188,872 | 247,536 | |||||
Total stockholders' equity | 373,744 | 380,969 | 408,452 | 437,556 | 496,246 | |||||
Capital stock | 215,540 | 215,540 | 215,540 | 215,540 | 215,540 | |||||
U.S. GAAP: | ||||||||||
Total assets | Ch$737,986 | Ch$776,786 | Ch$827,537 | Ch$916,204 | Ch$1,096,941 | |||||
Long-term liabilities | 161,565 | 214,991 | 205,539 | 248,193 | 218,697 | |||||
Total debt (4) | 176,951 | 184,516 | 180,944 | 193,305 | 252,197 | |||||
Total stockholders' equity | 367,421 | 378,337 | 402,928 | 435,107 | 504,217 | |||||
Capital stock | 215,540 | 215,540 | 215,540 | 215,540 | 215,540 | |||||
Other Data: | ||||||||||
Sales volume (in millions of liters): | ||||||||||
Beer (Chile) | 380.7 | 417.0 | 470.8 | 491.1 | 516.8 | |||||
Beer (Argentina) | 210.1 | 226.9 | 244.4 | 272.2 | 367.8 | |||||
Non-Alcoholic beverages (5) | 442.4 | 474.2 | 518.3 | 544.9 | 577.7 | |||||
Wine (6) | 95.1 | 92.5 | 86.3 | 92.5 | 91.8 | |||||
Spirits (7) | 7.0 | 20.3 | 20.5 | 21.6 | 21.1 | |||||
Change in consumer price index applicable | ||||||||||
for the restatement of financial statements (8) | 2.5% | 3.6% | 2.1% | 7.4% | 8.9% |
______________
(1) Except shares outstanding, net earnings per share and per ADS, sales volume and inflation data.
(2) Per ADS amounts are determined by multiplying per share amounts by 5, as one ADS is equal to 5 shares of Common Stock.
(3) Dividends per share are expressed in pesos as of payment dates. Dividends per ADS are expressed in U.S. dollars at the conversion rate in effect on the date in which payment is made.
(4) Includes short-term and long-term financial debt.
(5) Includes sales of soft drinks, nectars, mineral and purified water, isotonic and energy drinks, and tea in Chile.
(6) Includes sales of wine in Chile and Argentina. Excludes bulk wine sales
(7) Since the year 2005, includes operations of Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A., established in March 2005
(8) Based on the consumer price index of the INE for the twelve-month period ended November 30 of each indicated year. Accordingly, figures presented here may vary from other published inflation figures for given periods, which are generally calculated for the actual calendar period indicated.
Exchange Rates.Prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign currency only in those cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank of Chile. The Central Bank Act, which was enacted in 1989, liberalized the rules that govern the ability to buy and sell foreign currency. The Central Bank Act now empowers the Central Bank of Chile to determine that certain purchases and sales of foreign currency specified by law must be carried out in the formal exchange market. The formal exchange market is formed by banks and other entities authorized by the Central Bank. All payments and distributions made to our holders of ADSs must be transacted in the formal exchange market.
In order to keep fluctuations in the average exchange rate within certain limits, the Central Bank of Chile has in the past intervened by buying or selling foreign currency on the formal exchange market. In September 1999, the Central Bank of Chile decided to limit its formal commitment to intervene and decided to exercise it only under extraordinary circumstances, which are to be informed in advance. The Central Bank of Chile also committed itself to provide periodic information about the levels of its international reserves.
On April 10, 2008, the Central Bank of Chile announced a program to buy US$8 billion in the local exchange market between April and December 2008. Between April 14 and September 29 and after the acquisition of US$5.75 billion, the observed exchange rate increased by 27.2%, from Ch$434.17 to Ch$552.47. On March 24, 2009 the Central Bank of Chile published an agreement allowing the sale of dollars. From March 30 until April 30 the observed exchange rate did not vary significantly.
The observed exchange rate is the average exchange rate at which commercial banks conduct authorized transactions on a given date, as certified by the Central Bank of Chile. The Central Bank of Chile generally carries out its transactions at the spot market rate. Authorized transactions by banks are now generally conducted at the spot market rate.
Purchases and sales of foreign exchange effected outside the formal exchange market are carried out in theMercado Cambiario Informal (the informal exchange market). The informal exchange market reflects the supply and demand for foreign currency. There are no limits imposed on the extent to which the rate of exchange in the informal exchange market can fluctuate above or below the observed exchange rate.
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On April 30, 2009, the average exchange rate in the informal exchange market was Ch$572.95 per U.S. dollar and the U.S. dollar observed exchange rate was Ch$580.10 per U.S. dollar.
The following table sets forth the low, high, average and period-end observed exchange rates for U.S. dollars for each of the indicated periods starting in 2003 as reported by the Central Bank of Chile. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.
Daily Observed Exchange Rate (1) | ||||||||
(Ch$ per US$) | ||||||||
Low (2) | High (2) | Average (3) | Period-end (4) | |||||
2004 | 557.40 | 649.45 | 609.41 | 557.40 | ||||
2005 | 509.70 | 592.75 | 559.68 | 512.50 | ||||
2006 | 511.44 | 549.63 | 530.34 | 532.39 | ||||
2007 | 493.14 | 548.67 | 522.55 | 496.89 | ||||
2008 | 431.22 | 676.75 | 522.35 | 636.45 | ||||
December 2008 | 625.59 | 674.83 | 647.91 | 636.45 | ||||
January 2009 | 610.09 | 643.87 | 622.09 | 617.10 | ||||
February 2009 | 583.32 | 623.87 | 605.10 | 599.04 | ||||
March 2009 | 572.39 | 614.85 | 592.21 | 583.26 | ||||
April 2009 (through April 30) | 575.12 | 601.04 | 583.03 | 580.10 |
__________________________
Source: Central Bank of Chile
(1) Historical pesos.
(2) Rates shown are the actual low and high, on a day-by-day basis for each period.
(3) The average of monthly average rates during the period reported.
(4) Published on the first day after month(year) end
Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable
Risk Factors
RISKS RELATING TO CHILE
We are substantially dependent on economic conditions in Chile, which may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
We are predominantly engaged in business in Chile and 73.8% of our revenues in 2008 were generated from our Chilean operations, 19.4% came from operations in Argentina and 6.8% from exports out of Chile. Thus, our results of operations and financial condition are dependent to a large extent on the overall level of economic activity in Chile. The Chilean economy has experienced an average annual growth of 4.8% between 2003 and 2008. In the past, slower economic growth in Chile has slowed down the rate of consumption of our products and adversely affected our profitability. Chile’s recent economic performance has been affected by the current disruption in the global markets, and therefore the past growth rate should not be extrapolated into the future.
Our financial statements are reported and our dividends are declared, based on Chilean GAAP, which generally differs from U.S. GAAP.
There are important differences between Chilean and U.S. accounting and reporting standards. As a result, Chilean financial statements and reported earnings generally differ from those reported based on U.S. accounting and reporting standards. See Note 24 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the main differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us and the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of our net income and total shareholders’ equity statements from the Chilean standards. The Company will migrate to IFRS in 2009 and as a consequence, there could be changes in the financial information.
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The relative liquidity and volatility of Chilean securities markets may increase the price volatility of our ADSs and adversely impact a holder’s ability to sell any shares of our common stock withdrawn from our ADR facility.
The Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than major securities markets in the United States. For example, the Santiago Stock Exchange, which is Chile’s main stock exchange, had a market capitalization of approximately US$133 billion as of December 31, 2008, while The New York Stock Exchange had a market capitalization of approximately US$14.3 trillion and the NASDAQ National Market had a capitalization of approximately US$2.7 trillion as of the same date. In addition, the Chilean securities markets can be materially affected by developments in other emerging markets, particularly other countries in Latin America.
The lower liquidity and greater volatility of the Chilean markets relative to markets in the United States could increase the price volatility of the ADSs and may impair a holder’s ability to sell in the Chilean market shares of our common stock withdrawn from the ADR facility in the amount and at the price and time the holder wishes to do so. See “Item 9: The Offer and Listing”.
Chilean economic policies, currency fluctuations, exchange controls and currency devaluations may adversely affect the price of our ADSs.
The Chilean government’s economic policies and any future changes in the value of the Chilean peso relative to the U.S. dollar could adversely affect the dollar value of and the return on any investment in our ADSs. The Chilean peso has been subject to large nominal devaluations and appreciations in the past and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future. For example, in the period from December 31, 2000 to December 31, 2002, the value of the Chilean peso relative to the U.S. dollar declined by 25.3% in nominal terms, or an average of 11.9% per year, based on the observed exchange rate for U.S. dollars on those dates. On the other hand, the average value of the Chilean peso relative to the U.S. dollar increased 24.4% in nominal terms between 2003 and 2007, or an average of 6.7% a year. See “Exchange Rates”.
Chilean trading in the shares of our common stock underlying our ADSs is conducted in Chilean pesos. Cash distributions to be received by the depositary for the shares of our common stock underlying our ADSs will be denominated in Chilean pesos. The depositary will translate any Chilean pesos received by it to U.S. dollars at the then-prevailing exchange rate with the purpose of making dividend and other distribution payments for the ADSs. If the value of the Chilean peso declines relative to the U.S. dollar, the value of our ADSs and any distributions to holders of our ADSs received from the depositary may be adversely affected. See “Item 8: Financial Information – Dividend Policy and Dividends”.
We are subject to different corporate disclosure requirements and accounting standards than U.S. companies.
Although the securities laws of Chile which govern open stock corporations and publicly listed companies such as us, have as a main objective promoting disclosure of all material corporate information to the public, Chilean disclosure requirements differ from those in the United States in certain important respects. In addition, although Chilean law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, the Chilean securities market is not as highly regulated and supervised as the U.S. securities market. We have been subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act since our initial public offering of ADSs in September 1992.
RISKS RELATING TO ARGENTINA
We have significant operations in Argentina and economic conditions there have adversely affected our results of operations.
In addition to our operations in Chile, we maintain substantial assets in Argentina and derive significant revenue from our operations in Argentina. In 2008, we derived Ch$152,000 million, or 19.4%, of our revenues from our Argentinean operations, and, as of December 31, 2008, Ch$212,278 million, or 19.8%, of our assets were located in Argentina. From 1999 through 2002, Argentina suffered a prolonged recession, which culminated in an economic crisis, with negative growth rates of -3.4% in 1999, -0.8% in 2000, -4.4% in 2001 and -10.9% in 2002. Although the economic situation in Argentina has improved during the last six years – GDP grew 8.8%, 9.0%, 9.2%, 8.5%, 8.7% and 7.0% in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively – in the future it could materially and adversely affect our Argentine operations. See “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Trend Information”.
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The Argentine peso is subject to volatility which could adversely affect our results.
The Argentine peso devaluation in 2002 resulted in a loss of Ch$3,789 million for the year 2002 in CCU Argentina and our subsidiary Finca La Celia reported a loss due to the devaluation in 2002 of Ch$1,262 million. Additionally, according to accounting pronouncements regulating the conversion of Argentine financial statements to Chilean GAAP, fixed assets and their depreciation are considered in historical dollars. As a result, a devaluation of the Argentine peso adversely affects our operating results, as our revenues from our Argentine operations are impacted by the devaluation of the Argentine peso. In spite of the appreciation of the Argentine peso against the U.S. dollar in recent years, we cannot predict whether the Argentine economy will continue to recover or will face a recession, and if there is a recession to what effect it will affect our operations in Argentina. Starting in 2009, the Company will report the financial statements under IFRS and the functional currency will be the Argentine peso for our Argentine subsidiaries. Fixed assets and their depreciation will be considered in said currency and translated into Chilean pesos for consolidation purposes.
Argentina’s legal regime and economy are susceptible to changes that could adversely affect our Argentinean operations.
The measures taken by the Argentine government to address the Argentine economic crisis, which began in 1998, have severely affected the Argentine financial system’s stability and have had a materially negative impact on its reputation. If Argentina were to experience a new fiscal and economic crisis, the Argentine government could implement economic and political reforms, which could adversely impact our business. The unpredictability, timing and scope of possible measures enacted by the Argentine government, including expropriations, higher taxes and exchange control measures, could adversely affect our Argentinean operations and our future results of operations.
Since January 2006, the Argentine Government has adopted different methods to directly and indirectly regulate price increases of various consumer goods, including bottled beer, in an effort to slow inflation.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
Fluctuations in the cost of our raw materials may adversely impact our profitability if we are unable to pass those costs along to our customers.
We purchase malt, rice and hops for beer, sugar for soft drinks, grapes for wine and packaging material from local producers or through purchases in the international market. The prices of those commodities have experienced significant fluctuations over time and are determined by the global supply and demand for those commodities as well as other factors, such as fluctuations in exchange rates, over which we have no control.
Although we historically have been able to increase our selling prices in response to increases in raw material costs and thus have not sought to hedge our exposure to increases in raw material prices, we cannot assure you that our ability to recover increases in the cost of raw materials will continue in the future. If we are unable to increase our selling prices in response to increases in raw material costs, any future increases may reduce our margins, if we could not improve efficiencies to offset them.
We are controlled by one majority shareholder, whose interests may differ from those of holders of our ADSs and this shareholder may take actions which adversely affect the value of a holder’s ADSs or common stock.
As of May 31, 2009, Inversiones y Rentas S.A., or IRSA, a Chilean closed corporation, owned directly and indirectly, 66.1% of our shares of common stock. Accordingly, IRSA has the power to control the election of most members of our board of directors and its interests may differ from those of the holders of our ADSs. IRSA also has a significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations, the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and going-private transactions. In addition, actions by IRSA with respect to the disposition of the shares of common stock that it owns, or the perception that such actions may occur, may adversely affect the trading prices of our ADSs or common stock.
5
Competition in the Chilean beer market may erode our market share and lower our profitability.
In 2008, our market share of the Chilean beer market by volume was approximately 86%. Our largest competitor in the Chilean beer market by volume is Cervecería Chile S.A., or Cervecería Chile, a subsidiary of Quilmes Industrial S.A., or Quilmes, the largest Argentine brewer and, a subsidiary of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas, or AmBev, since January 2007. Ambev and Interbrew merged in 2004, creating Inbev N.V./S.A. which merged with Anheuser Busch Cos, Inc on November 18, 2008, forming Anheuser-Busch InBev. We estimate that Cervecería Chile had a market share by volume in Chile of approximately 12% in 2008. In the past, Cervecería Chile has engaged in aggressive price discounting. If Cervecería Chile were to engage in aggressive price discounting in the future, we cannot assure you, given the current environment, that any such discounting or other competitive activities will not have a material adverse impact on our profitability.
Additionally, if business conditions in the beer market continue to be relatively favorable in Chile, other enterprises may attempt to enter the Chilean beer market either by producing beer locally or through imports. We expect that additional competitors could erode our market share or lead to price discounting.
Our beer brands in Chile may face increased competition from other alcoholic beverages such as wine and spirits, as well as from non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks.
Beer consumption in Chile may be influenced by changes in domestic wine, spirits and/or other non-alcoholic beverages relative prices. Increases in domestic wine prices have tended to lead to increases in beer consumption, while reductions in wine prices have tended to reduce or slow the growth of beer consumption. As a result of our lower market share in the Chilean wine, spirits and soft drinks markets as compared to the Chilean beer market, if beverage consumers were to shift their consumption from beer to either wine,spirits or soft drinks, we expect that it would adversely affect our profitability.
Quilmes dominates the beer market in Argentina and we may not be able to maintain our current market share.
In Argentina, we face competition from Quilmes, Cervecería Argentina S.A. and Isenbeck, a subsidiary of Warsteiner Brauerei Hans Cramer GmbH & Co., or Warsteiner. We estimate that in 2008 Quilmes had a market share of 76% and Warsteiner had a market share of 3%. We estimate that our market share of the Argentine beer market was 21% in 2008. As a result of its dominant position in Argentina, Quilmes’ large size enables it to benefit from economies of scale in the production and distribution of beer throughout Argentina. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to grow or maintain our current market share of the Argentine beer market.
Consolidation in the beer industry may impact our market share.
In January 2007, AmBev assumed control of Quilmes. Additionally, on March 2004, AmBev and Interbrew announced an agreement to merge, creating the world’s largest brewer under the name InBev. Inbev and Anheuser Busch merged in November 2008, creating the world’s global beer leader. In Chile, Quilmes sells its beer through Cervecería Chile, which had a market share of approximately 12% in 2008, and in Argentina which had a market share of approximately 76% in 2008. As a consequence of the referred merger, the brand Budweiser whose production and distribution license contract was granted to CCU Argentina until 2025, belongs to our competitor. Cervecera CCU Chile has a distribution contract until 2015 to distribute Budweiser in Chile. We cannot assure you that the contracts will be renewed.
In 2005, SABMiller plc. merged with Grupo Empresarial Bavaria , a Colombian brewer with operations in Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Panama, forming the then second largest brewer in the world.
Consolidation in the beer industry has resulted in larger and more competitive participants, which could change the current market conditions under which we operate.
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Restrictions in the gas supply from Argentina have increased our energy costs and higher oil prices have increased our distribution expenses.
Since 2005, the Argentine government has restricted gas exports to Chile due to supply problems in that country. This has increased the cost of operating our beer production plants in Chile and Argentina, as well as our soft drinks plants in Chile. Additionally, these restrictions have increased electrical power costs related to these same gas restrictions. We do not need additional investments because our boilers can work with gas or with alternative fuels, such as diesel oil or butane gas. The Chilean government is at present implementing a diversify source energy supply strategy. The construction of a new plant in Quintero to process imported GNL (liquefied natural gas) will start its operation in August 2009, bringing relief to the energy issue.
Oil price increases may reduce our margins if we are unable to improve efficiencies or increase our prices to offset them.
We depend upon the renewal of certain license agreements to maintain our current operations.
Most of our license agreements include certain conditions that must be met during their term, as well as provisions for their renewal at expiry date. We cannot assure you that such conditions will be fulfilled, and therefore that the agreements will be renewed, expire at end of term or undergo early termination. Termination of, or failure to renew our existing license agreements could have an adverse impact on our operations.
Increase in negotiation power of same clients.
In recent years, the Chilean supermarket industry has gone through a consolidation process, increasing the importance and purchasing power of a few supermarket chains. The importance of supermarkets is disclosed in each one of our business segments.
Dependence on a unique supplier for some important raw materials.
In the case of glass bottles, both in Chile and Argentina, we purchase most of our bottles from a unique local supplier. In case of some problem with one of these suppliers we will need to use suppliers outside each country.
Water supply is essential to the development of our businesses.
Water is an essential component for beer, soft drinks and mineral water. A failure in our water supply could negatively affect our sales and profitability.
The supply, production and logistics chain is key to the timely supply of our products to consumer centers.
An interruption or a significant failure in this chain may negatively affect the Company’s results, if the failure is not quickly resolved. An interruption could be caused by various factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Possible restrictions on the sale and promotion of alcoholic beverages in Chile.
Senators and congressmen from different political parties have submitted to Congress proposed bills to restrict the consumption, sale and promotion of alcoholic beverages. The main modifications proposed in these bills are the incorporation of warnings on product labels of the possible dangers of excessive alcohol consumption on human health, similar to those required in the United States, restrictions on television advertising and a prohibition of alcoholic beverages at sports, cultural or related events. If the proposed bills are passed, this could affect alcoholic beverage consumption and, as a consequence, could negatively affect our further business development.
Our businesses are taxed with different duties, particularly with excise taxes on the consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
An increase in the rate of these taxes could negatively affect our sales and profitability.
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Chilean peso fluctuations may affect our profitability.
Because we purchase some of our supplies at prices set in U.S. dollars, and export wine in U.S. dollars, euros and pounds, we are exposed to foreign exchange risks that may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Therefore, any future changes in the value of the Chilean peso against said currencies would affect the revenues of our wine export business, as well as the cost of several of our raw materials, especially in the beer and soft drink businesses where raw materials are purchased in U.S. dollars. The effect of the exchange rate variation on the exports revenues would always have an opposite sign effect on the cost of raw material in Ch$ terms.
Increases in commodity prices may affect our profitability.
A significant part of our raw materials are commodities whose prices are subject to volatility caused by market fluctuations. These price fluctuations may not keep pace with the market conditions in which we operate, thus we may have limited capacity to raise prices to offset increases in costs. If we are unable to increase prices to offset costs increases, our profitability may be adversely affected.
If we are unable to maintain the image and quality of our products our financial results may suffer.
The image and quality of our products is essential for the success and growth of the Company. Problems with product quality could tarnish the reputation of our products and may adversely affect the Company’s revenues.
If we are unable to finance our operations.
A global liquidity crises may eventually limit our ability to obtain the cash needed to fulfill our commitments. Sales could also be affected by a global disruption if consumption decreases sharply, placing stress in the Company’s cash position.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR ADSs
The price of our ADSs and the U.S. dollar value of any dividends will be affected by fluctuations in exchange conditions.
Our ADSs trade in U.S. dollars. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between Chilean and Argentine currencies and the U.S. dollar are likely to affect the market price of our ADSs. For example, since our financial statements are reported in Chilean pesos, a decline in the value of the Chilean peso against the dollar would reduce our earnings as reported in U.S. dollars. Any dividend we may pay in the future would be denominated in Chilean pesos. A decline in the value of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar would reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of any such dividend. Additionally, in the event of a dividend or other distribution, if exchange rates fluctuate during any period of time when the ADS depositary cannot convert a foreign currency into dollars, a holder of our ADSs may lose some of the value of the distribution. Also, since dividends in Chile are subject to withholding taxes, which we retain until the following year when the exact amount to be paid is determined, if part of the retained amount is refunded to the shareholders, the amount received by holders of our ADSs would be subject to exchange rate fluctuations between the two dates.
A holder of ADSs may be subject to certain risks due to the fact that holders of our ADSs do not hold shares of our common stock directly.
In order to vote at shareholders’ meetings, if a holder is not registered on the books of the ADS depositary, the holder of our ADSs is required to transfer its ADSs for a certain number of days before a shareholders’ meeting into a blocked account established for that purpose by the ADS depositary. Any ADS transferred to this blocked account will not be available for transfer during that time. If a holder of our ADSs is registered on the books of the ADS depositary, it must give instructions to the ADS depositary not to transfer its ADSs during this period before the shareholders’ meeting. A holder of our ADSs must therefore receive voting materials from the ADS depositary sufficiently in advance in order to make these transfers or give these instructions. There can be no guarantee that a holder of our ADSs will receive voting materials in time to instruct the ADS depositary how to vote. It is possible that a holder of our ADSs will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote at all. Additionally, a holder of our ADSs may not receive copies of all reports from us or the ADS depositary. A holder of our ADSs may have to go to the ADS depositary’s offices to inspect any reports issued.
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Controls on foreign investment and repatriation of investments in Chile may adversely impact a holder of our ADSs ability to obtain and dispose of the shares of our common stock underlying its ADRs.
Equity investments in Chile by persons who are not Chilean residents are generally subject to exchange control regulations that restrict the repatriation of investments and earnings from Chile. Our ADSs are subject to an ADR foreign investment contract among us, the depositary and the Central Bank of Chile which is intended to grant holders of our ADSs and the depositary access to Chile’s formal exchange market. See “Exchange Rates”. Pursuant to current Chilean law, our ADR foreign investment contract may not be amended unilaterally by the Central Bank of Chile. However, we cannot assure you that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to holders of our ADSs, the disposition of underlying shares of our common stock or the repatriation of the proceeds from the disposition of the underlying common stock could not be imposed in the future, nor can we assess the duration or impact of the restrictions if imposed. If for any reason, including changes to our ADR foreign investment contract or Chilean law, the depositary is unable to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars, investors would receive dividends or other distributions in Chilean pesos. Transferees of shares of our common stock withdrawn from the ADR facility will not be entitled to access the formal exchange market unless the withdrawn shares are redeposited with the depositary. See “Item 10: Additional Information – Exchange Controls in Chile”.
A holder of our ADSs’ right to force us to purchase its underlying shares of our common stock pursuant to Chilean corporate law upon the occurrence of certain events may be limited.
In accordance with Chilean laws and regulations, any shareholder that votes against certain corporate actions or does not attend the meeting at which certain corporate actions are approved and communicates to the corporation its dissent in writing within the term established by law, may exercise a withdrawal right, tender its shares to the company and receive cash compensation for its shares, provided that the shareholder exercises its rights within the prescribed time periods. See “Item 10: Additional Information – Memorandum and Articles of Association – Rights, preferences and restrictions regarding shares”. In our case, the actions triggering a right of withdrawal include the approval of:
- our transformation into a different type of legal entity;
- our merger with and/or into another company;
- the transfer of 50% or more of our corporate assets, whether or not liabilities are also transferred, or the proposal or amendment of any business plan that contemplates the transfer of assets exceeding said percentage;
- the granting of real or personal guarantees to secure third party obligations exceeding 50% of the corporate assets;
- the creation of preferences for a series of shares or the increase or reduction in the already existing ones. In this case, only dissenting shareholders of the affected series shall have the right to withdraw;
- curing certain formal defects in our charter which otherwise would render it null and void or any modification of our by-laws that grant this right; and
- other cases provided for by statute or in our bylaws, if any.
Because of the absence of legal precedent as to whether a shareholder that has voted both for and against a proposal, such as the depositary of our ADSs, may exercise withdrawal rights with respect to those shares voted against the proposal, there is doubt as to whether a holder of ADSs will be able to exercise withdrawal rights either directly or through the depositary for the shares of our common stock represented by its ADSs. Accordingly, for a holder of our ADSs to exercise its appraisal rights, it may be required to surrender its ADRs, withdraw the shares of our common stock represented by its ADSs, and vote the shares against the proposal.
Preemptive rights to purchase additional shares of our common stock may be unavailable to holders of our ADSs in certain circumstances and, as a result, their ownership interest in us may be diluted.
The Chilean Corporations Act requires us, whenever we issue new shares for cash, to grant preemptive rights to all holders of shares of our common stock, including shares of our common stock represented by ADSs, giving those holders the right to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. We may not be able to offer shares to holders of our ADSs pursuant to preemptive rights granted to our shareholders in connection with any future issuance of shares unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to those rights and shares, or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. We intend to evaluate at the time of any future offerings of shares of our common stock the costs and potential liabilities associated with any registration statement as well as the indirect benefits to us of enabling U.S. owners of our ADSs to exercise preemptive rights and any other factors that we consider appropriate at the time, and then make a decision as to whether to file such a registration statement. We cannot assure you that any registration statement would be filed.
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To the extent a holder of our ADSs is unable to exercise its preemptive rights because a registration statement has not been filed, the depositary will attempt to sell the holder’s preemptive rights and distribute the net proceeds of the sale, net of the depositary’s fees and expenses, to the holder, provided that a secondary market for those rights exists and a premium can be recognized over the cost of the sale. A secondary market for the sale of preemptive rights can be expected to develop if the subscription price of the shares of our common stock upon exercise of the rights is below the prevailing market price of the shares of our common stock Nonetheless, we cannot assure you that a secondary market in preemptive rights will develop in connection with any future issuance of shares of our common stock or that if a market develops, a premium can be recognized on their sale. Amounts received in exchange for the sale or assignment of preemptive rights relating to shares of our common stock will be taxable in Chile and the United States. See “Item 10: Additional Information – Taxation – Chilean Tax Considerations – Capital Gains” and “– United States Tax Considerations – Capital Gains”. If the rights cannot be sold, they will expire and a holder of our ADSs will not realize any value from the grant of the preemptive rights. In either case, equity interest in us will be diluted proportionately.
ITEM 4: Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company
Our current legal and commercial name is Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. (CCU). We were incorporated in the Republic of Chile in 1902 as an open stock corporation, following the merger of two existing breweries, one of which had its origins back in 1850, when Mr. Joaquín Plagemann founded one of the first breweries in Chile in the port of Valparaíso. By 1916, we owned and operated the largest brewing facilities in Chile. Our operations have also included the production and marketing of soft drinks since the beginning of the last century, the bottling and selling of mineral water products since 1960, the production and marketing of wine since 1994, the production and marketing of beer in Argentina since 1995, the production and marketing of pisco since 2003, the production and marketing of confectionery products since 2004 and the production and marketing of rum since 2007.
We are subject to a full range of governmental regulation and supervision generally applicable to companies engaged in business in Chile and Argentina. These regulations include labor laws, social security laws, public health, consumer protection and environmental laws, securities laws, and anti-trust laws. In addition, regulations exist to ensure healthy and safe conditions in facilities for the production and distribution of beverages and confectionery products.
Our principal executive offices are located at Vitacura 2670, Santiago, Chile. Our telephone number in Santiago is (56-2) 427-3000, the fax number is (56-2) 427-3333 and the website iswww.ccu-sa.com or www.ccu.cl. Our authorized representative in the United States is Puglisi & Associates, located at 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, Delaware 19715, USA, telephone number (302) 738-6680 and fax number (302) 738-7210.
In 1986, IRSA, our current main shareholder, acquired its controlling interest in us through purchases of common stock at an auction conducted by a receiver who had assumed control of us following the economic crisis in Chile in the early 80’s, which resulted in our inability to meet our obligations to our creditors. IRSA, at that time, was a joint venture between Quiñenco S.A. and the Schörghuber Group from Germany through its wholly owed subsidiary Finance Holding International B.V., or FHI of the Netherlands.
To our knowledge, none of our common stock is currently owned by governmental entities. Our common stock is listed and traded on the principal Chilean stock exchanges. See “Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”.
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In September 1992, we issued 4,520,582 ADSs, each representing five shares of our common stock, in an international American Depositary Receipt, or ADR, offering. The underlying ADSs were listed and traded on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation National Market System, or NASDAQ, until March 25,1999. Since that date, the ADSs have been listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
In 1994, we diversified our operations both in the domestic and international markets. In that year, we purchased a 48.4% interest in the Chilean wine producer Viña San Pedro S.A., or VSP (today VSPT) . As of December 31, 2008, that interest amounted to 50.0% . In November 1994, we and Buenos Aires Embotelladora S.A., or BAESA, (the PepsiCo bottler in Chile at that time) merged to create Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., or ECUSA, for the production, bottling, distribution and marketing of soft drinks and mineral water products in Chile. In November 1999, we bought BAESA’s interest in ECUSA and thereafter have controlled 100% of that company.
Through Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A., or CCU Argentina, we began our expansion into Argentina by acquiring an interest in two Argentine breweries: 62.7% of the outstanding shares of Compañía Industrial Cervecera S.A., or CICSA, were acquired during January and February 1995 and 98.8% of the outstanding shares of Cervecería Santa Fe S.A., or CSF, were acquired in September 1995. In 1997, CCU Argentina increased its interest in CICSA to 97.2% and in CSF to 99.9% through the purchase of minority interests. In January 1998, we decided to merge these two breweries into one company operating under the name of CICSA. Following the merger, CCU Argentina’s interest in CICSA was 99.2% . In April 1998, CCU Argentina completed the purchase of the brands and assets of Cervecería Córdoba for US$8 million. After subsequent capital increases, the last one in June 2008, our interest in CCU Argentina reached 95.9%, with Anheuser-Busch Incorporated’s, or Anheuser-Busch, interest at 4.1% .
In addition to our acquisitions in Argentina, we signed a license agreement with Anheuser-Busch in 1995 granting us the exclusive right to produce, market, sell and distribute the Budweiser beer brand in Argentina. In 2008 the license agreement was extended until December 31, 2025.
After a capital increase approved by our shareholders in October 1996, we raised approximately US$196 million between December 1996 and April 1999. Part of this capital expansion was accomplished between December 1996 and January 1997 through our second ADR offering in the international markets.
During 2000, VSPT, through its subsidiary Finca La Celia S.A., or FLC, acquired the winery Finca La Celia in Mendoza, Argentina, initiating its international expansion, allowing VSPT to include fine quality Argentine wines into its export product portfolio.
To increase our presence in the premium beer segment, we acquired in November 2000 a 50% stake in Cervecería Austral S.A., located in the city of Punta Arenas, with an annual production capacity of 6.1 million liters. Further, in May 2002, we acquired a 50% stake in Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., located in the city of Valdivia, with a current annual production capacity of 8.8 million liters. See “– Our Beer Business – Our Beer Business in Chile – Beer Production and Marketing in Chile”.
In February 2003, we began the sale of a new product for our beverage portfolio, pisco, under the brand Ruta Norte. Pisco is a grape spirit very popular in Chile that is produced in the northern part of the country and the southern part of Peru. Our pisco, at that time, was only produced in the “Elqui Valley” in the IV Region of Chile and it was sold throughout the country by our beer division sales force. In March 2005, we entered into an association with the second largest pisco producer at that time, Cooperativa Agrícola Control Pisquero de Elqui y Limarí Ltda., or Control. This new joint venture was named “Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A.”, to which the companies contributed principally with assets, commercial brands and – in the case of Control – also some financial liabilities. Currently we own 80% of Compañía Pisquera de Chile and Control owns the remaining 20%.
On April 17, 2003, the Schörghuber Group, at the time an indirect owner of 30.8% of our ownership interest, gave Quiñenco S.A., also at the time an indirect owner of 30.8% of our ownership interest, formal notice of its intent to sell 100% of its interest in FHI to Heineken Americas B.V., a subsidiary of Heineken International B.V. As a result of the sale, Quiñenco and Heineken Americas B.V., the latter through FHI, became the only two shareholders of IRSA, the owner of 61.6% of our equity at that time, each with a 50% interest in IRSA. Heineken International B.V. and FHI subsequently formed Heineken Chile Ltda., to hold the latter’s 50% interest in IRSA. Therefore, Quiñenco and Heineken Chile Ltda. are the only two current shareholders of IRSA, with a 50% equity each. On December 30, 2003, FHI merged into Heineken Americas B.V., which together with Heineken International B.V. remained as the only shareholders of Heineken Chile Ltda. At present IRSA owns, directly and indirectly, 66.11% of our equity.
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In August 2003, VSPT formed Viña Tabalí S.A., a joint venture in equal parts with Sociedad Agrícola y Ganadera Río Negro Ltda. for the production of premium wines. This winery is located in the Limarí Valley, Chile’s northernmost winemaking region, which is noted for the production of outstanding wines. In January 2007, Viña Tabalí S.A. bought the assets of Viña Leyda, located in the Leyda Valley, a new winemaking region south of Casablanca Valley and close to the Pacific Ocean. Viña Leyda produces excellent wines that have won awards in different international contests. After this acquisition, Viña Tabalí S.A. changed its name to Viña Valles de Chile S.A.
In January 2004, we entered the confectionery business by means of a joint venture between our subsidiary ECUSA and Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A, a subsidiary of Quiñenco, with a 50% interest each in Calaf S.A. (which has been renamed “Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A.”), a corporation that acquired the trademarks, assets and know-how, among other things, of Calaf S.A.I.C. and Francisca Calaf S.A., traditional Chilean candy makers, renowned for more than a century.
In December 2006, we signed a joint venture agreement with Watt’s S.A., or Watt’s, a local fruit related product company, under which we participate in equal parts in Promarca S.A., or Promarca. This new company owns the brands “Watt’s”, “Ice Frut de Watt’s”, “Yogu Yogu” and “Shake a Shake” in Chile. Promarca granted its subsidiaries, for an indefinite period, the exclusive licenses for the production and sale of the different product categories. Therefore, we now participate in new product categories such as 100% fruit juices and fruit, soy and dairy based beverages.
In May 2007, Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. entered the rum market with our proprietary brand Sierra Morena and later, in 2008, added new rum brand extentions and introduced various pisco based cocktails. Its most successful one, Campanario Mango Sour, is now sold in some states in the U.S. market through Wal-mart stores under the name of “Carillon Mango”.
In December 2007, we entered into an agreement with Nestlé Chile S.A. and Nestlé Waters Chile S.A., the latter of which acquired a 20% interest in our subsidiary Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A., the company through which we develop our bottled water business in Chile. As part of this new association, Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. introduced in 2008 the Nestlé Pure Life brand in Chile. Nestlé had a call option to increase its ownership in Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. by an additional 29.9%, which expired on June 5, 2009. On June 4, 2009 ECUSA received the notification from Nestlé Waters Chile S.A. exercising its irrevocable option to buy 29.9% of Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. equity, within the scope of the association contract. The shares subscription contract and the payment of their corresponding price will take place on July 10, 2009. ECUSA will hold 50.1% of the participation in Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. once the shares subscription contract is materialized. The price for the total stake subject to the option is calculated as follows: UF 1,262,754 plus an annual rate of 6.5% accrued between the date of payment and the date of the option contract signature, less 29.9% of paid dividends, less 29.9% of the Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile’s financial debt and plus 29.9% of the positive working capital variation of said company, between the date of payment and the date of the option contract signature. Due to the sale of the shares, during 2009 ECUSA will have a book net profit after taxes of approximately MM$ 22,000. CCU owns directly or indirectly 99.94% of ECUSA’s equity. The accounting profit will be recorded in CCU’s Financial Statements as a Non Operating Income.
In April 2008, we bought the Argentine brewer ICSA after receiving the approval of the Argentine antitrust authorities. ICSA owns, among other assets, the Bieckert, Palermo and Imperial beer brands, which together represented approximately 5.8% of the Argentine beer market, and a brewery in Luján, Buenos Aires, with a nominal production capacity of 270 million liters per year.
In August 2008, FOODS Compañía de Alimentos CCU S.A. bought 50% of Alimentos Nutrabien S.A. a company specializing in muffins and other high quality home-made products. The Nutrabien brand complements our confectionery portfolio which includes the Calaf and Natur brands, the latter acquired in 2007. Moreover, with this acquisition we expanded the sweet snacks business from the traditional candy category to the nutritional cereal bars, cookies and muffins categories.
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In November 2008 CCU and its affiliate Viña San Pedro S.A.(VSP) entered into a Merger Agreement with Compañía Chilena de Fósforos and its subsidiaries Terciados y Elaboración de Maderas S.A. and Viña Tarapacá S.A. (VT), in order to merge VT into VSP. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, and prior to its execution, CCU had to acquire 25% of VT’s equity. Once all the legal requirements were fulfilled, the merge by absorption of VT by VSP was completed on December 9, 2008 with decisive day for accounting purposes of October 1, 2008. The merged company, “Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A.”(VSPT), is expected to bring valuable synergies in terms of valleys, wine brands, operations and managerial functions, as well as leverage to the existing domestic and export business.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
The capital expenditures figures shown below reflect amounts on the date payment is made and reconciled to the Cash Flow as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and in Note 22 to the external audited consolidated Financial Statements. Our capital expenditures for 2006, 2007 and 2008 were Ch$58,686 million, Ch$70,197 million and Ch$63,316 million, respectively, totaling Ch$192,199 million, of which Ch$73,375 million were invested in our beer operations in Chile, Ch$18,600 million in our Argentine beer operations, Ch$47,973 million in our non-alcoholic beverages operations, Ch$9,713 million in our wine operations, Ch$12,343 million in our spirits operations and Ch$30,195 in other investments, mostly in warehouses, during the years mentioned above.
In recent years, our capital expenditures have been made primarily for the expansion of our production and bottling capacities, additional returnable bottles and crates, marketing assets (mainly coolers), and improvement in management information systems, among others.
In Chile, during 2006, capital expenditures in our beer division were focused principally on marketing assets, new packaging and a new canning line. In Argentina, our capital expenditures were primarily for new packaging and marketing assets. Capital expenditures were incurred in our soft drink division mainly for new proprietary and generic bottles, a new PET line for Cachantun and marketing assets. Regarding our wine operations, the remodeling of the plant and the purchase of barrels and machinery were the main expenses. In our pisco business, we increased the fermentation and storage capacity, we remodeled certain plants and we made environmental improvements.
In Chile, during 2007, capital expenditures in our beer division were focused principally on capacity expansion, new packaging, improvements and change of equipment and marketing assets. In Argentina, our capital expenditures were primarily for marketing assets, new packaging and the use of leased additional capacity at the Luján plant. Capital expenditures were incurred in our soft drink division mainly for new packages, marketing assets and equipment improvement. Regarding our wine operations, the acquisition of equipment, tanks, the remodeling of the Molina plant, new technology on irrigation and new land were the main expenses. In our pisco business, the construction, equipment and starting operations of the new production facility in Ovalle, as well as environmental improvements, were the most relevant expenses.
In Chile, during 2008, capital expenditures were incurred in our beer division mainly on capacity expansion, new packaging, improvements and change of equipment, marketing assets, and implementation of a new filtration plant and an alcohol free beer plant. In Argentina, our capital expenditures were primarily in marketing assets, new packaging and the enhancement of the Luján new plant mainly for the production of Heineken beer. Capital expenditures were made in our soft drink division, mainly for new packages, new packaging lines for returnable glass and PET purified water, marketing assets and equipment improvement. As for our wine operations, we invested primarily in the procurement of equipment, tanks, remodeling of the Molina plant, new irrigation technology and land. In our spirits business, the main expenditures were the completion of construction, procurement of equipment and start up of the new plant in Ovalle, as well as the continued improvement of the effluent treatment process. Other significant capital expenditures in 2008 relate to the acquisition of land for the construction of distribution centers and warehouses and the upgrade of information systems.
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Our principal capital expenditures for the period 2006-2008 are displayed in the following table. The information is presented in constant million Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008. See “Capital Expenditures Commitments” in Item 5 for the period 2009-2012.
Business Unit | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Beer Chile | ||||||
Machinery and equipment | 11,615 | 15,744 | 10,532 | |||
Packaging | 5,914 | 7,467 | 6,276 | |||
Marketing assets | 3,877 | 2,536 | 3,111 | |||
Others | 22 | 4,627 | 1,652 | |||
Total | 21,429 | 30,374 | 21,572 | |||
Beer Argentina | ||||||
Machinery and equipment | 1,111 | 1,055 | 1,519 | |||
Packaging | 2,220 | 1,544 | 3,742 | |||
Marketing assets | 1,839 | 1.953 | 2,358 | |||
Others | 363 | 341 | 556 | |||
Total | 5.533 | 4,892 | 8,175 | |||
Non alcoholic beverages (1) | ||||||
Machinery and equipment | 9,309 | 3,043 | 13,408 | |||
Packaging | 3,841 | 3,641 | 4,215 | |||
Marketing assets | 2.762 | 3,260 | 2,817 | |||
Others | 11 | 1,056 | 609 | |||
Total | 15,923 | 11.000 | 21,050 | |||
Wine | ||||||
Machinery and equipment | 730 | 940 | 2,680 | |||
Facility improvement | 801 | 254 | 340 | |||
Packaging (2) | 1,015 | 505 | - | |||
Others | 13 | 1,568 | 868 | |||
Total | 2,558 | 3,268 | 3,887 | |||
Spirits | ||||||
Facility de-novo/improvement | 4,553 | 6,170 | 929 | |||
Others | 27 | 316 | 349 | |||
Total | 4,580 | 6,486 | 1.278 | |||
Other | ||||||
New offices interior finishing | 2,019 | 1,971 | 526 | |||
Warehouses | 2,868 | 5,124 | 3,965 | |||
Injection and blow molds | 3,003 | 1,822 | 421 | |||
Other | 773 | 5,261 | 2,443 | |||
Total | 8,663 | 14,178 | 7,355 | |||
Total | 58,686 | 70,197 | 63,316 | |||
(1) Soft drinks, nectars, mineral water, purified water, sports beverages, energetic beverages and tea
(2) Barrels
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Business Overview
Summary
We are mainly a diversified beverage company operating principally in Chile and Argentina. We are the largest brewing group in Chile, the second largest brewing group in Argentina, the third largest soft drinks producer in Chile, after the two largest Coca-Cola bottlers in Chile, the largest mineral water and bottled nectar producers in Chile, the third largest wine producer in Chile, the second largest wine exporter, the second largest pisco producer in Chile and also we participate in the rum and confectionery industries in Chile. Our beer and soft drink products include a wide range of proprietary, licensed and imported brands.
In 2008, we had consolidated net sales of Ch$781,789 million, of which 36.4% was accounted for by our beer sales in Chile, 18.3% by our beer sales in Argentina, 25.5% by our non-alcoholic beverages sales in Chile, 12.7% by wine sales, 5.4% by spirits sales and the remainder by sales of other products.
Beer. We estimate that our share of the Chilean beer market by volume was approximately 86% for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. Our line of beers in Chile includes a full range of super-premium, premium, medium-priced and popular-priced brands, which are primarily marketed under seven different proprietary brands and four brand extensions. Our flagship brand, Cristal, is Chile’s best selling beer, accounting for an estimated 46% of all 2008 beer sales by volume in Chile. We are the only brewery in Chile with a nationwide production and distribution network. In addition, we are the exclusive producer and distributor in Chile of Heineken beer, the exclusive distributor in Chile of imported Budweiser beer and the exclusive local producer and importer of Paulaner beer. We also distribute and produce, under license, Austral beer.
We entered the Argentine beer market in 1995 by acquiring two breweries and their brands, CICSA and CSF. Additionally, in 1998, we bought the brands and assets of Cervecería Córdoba. Under a joint venture agreement entered into with Anheuser-Busch in 1995, we began importing, selling and distributing Budweiser beer in Argentina in March 1996. We began production and distribution of locally produced Budweiser beer in Argentina in December 1996 as part of our strategy to develop Budweiser as the flagship brand of our Argentine operations. In April 2008, we bought ICSA and as a result added to our portfolio the brands Palermo, Bieckert and Imperial. In addition, we are the exclusive producer and distributor in Argentina of Heineken brand beer and the exclusive distributor in Argentina of imported Corona, Negra Modelo, Paulaner and Guinness beer brands. Currently, we and Anheuser-Busch have 95.9% and 4.1%, respective interests, in our Argentine subsidiary, CCU Argentina. We estimate that our market share by volume of the Argentine beer market was approximately 16% in 2006, and 2007, and 21% in 2008, according to CICA.
Non alcoholic beverages. We produce and sell carbonated soft drink, mineral water, purified water, nectar, sports and energy drinks and tea products in Chile, including our proprietary brands and brands produced under license from PepsiCo, Schweppes Holdings Ltd., Promarca and Nestlé Chile S.A.. The most relevant beverages in this segment are soft drinks: carbonated –beverages, cola and non-cola– and non carbonated beverages, mostly fruit juices in different degrees of concentration. The various types of water products are also important: mineral water – both, sparkling and still–, and purified water. We estimate that our Chilean soft drinks market share by volume, not including nectars, was approximately 18% in 2006, 19% in 2007 and 19% in 2008 and that our mineral water market share by volume was 67% in 2006, 68% in 2007 and 67% in 2008.
Wine. We entered the Chilean wine industry in 1994 with the acquisition of a 48.4% interest in VSP (today VSPT), Chile’s third largest winery in the domestic market and second largest wine exporter. After making subsequent investments and pursuant to the merger of VSP and VT resulting in VSPT, our affiliate Inversiones CCU S.A. as of May 2009 has a 50.01% interest in VSPT . VSPT produces and markets a full range of wine products for both the domestic and export markets. We believe that in 2008, VSPT’s sales by volume amounted to approximately 22% of total measured domestic industry sales by volume and 10% of Chile’s total wine export sales by volume, excluding bulk wine, according to our estimates and those of the Wineries of Chile Association. VSPT’s main vineyard is located in Molina, 200 kilometers south of Santiago. VSPT’s domestic wine products are distributed through our nationwide distribution system with dedicated sales forces in the major cities and its export products are sold in 74 different countries through distribution agents.
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Spirits.In February 2003, we began the sale of a new product for our beverage portfolio, pisco, under the brand Ruta Norte. Pisco is a grape spirit very popular in Chile that is produced in the northern part of the country and the southern part of Peru. Our pisco was produced in the Elqui Valley in the IV Region of Chile and it was sold throughout the country by the beer division sales force. In March 2005, we entered into an association with the second largest pisco producer at that time, Control. This new joint venture was named Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A., or CPCh, to which the companies contributed principally with assets, commercial brands and – in the case of Control – also some financial liabilities. Currently we own 80% of Compañía Pisquera de Chile and Control owns the remaining 20%. According to Nielsen numbers, Compañía Pisquera de Chile has 44% market share of the Chilean pisco industry. In May 2007, we added a new spirit category, rum, through our subsidiary CPCh under the brand name Sierra Morena. We ended the year 2008 with a rum market share of 12% as per Nielsen.
Confectionery. In January 2004, we entered the confectionery business by means of a joint venture between our subsidiary ECUSA (currently, this investment belongs to our subsidiary CCU Inversiones S.A.) and Empresas Lucchetti S.A. (currently, Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A.), a subsidiary of Quiñenco. Each company acquired a 50% interest in Calaf S.A. (which has been renamed “Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A.”), a corporation that acquired the trademarks, assets and know-how, among other things, of Calaf S.A.I.C. and Francisca Calaf S.A., traditional Chilean candy makers that have been in business for more than a century. The Company bought the brand Natur in 2007 and 50% of Alimentos Nutrabien S.A. in 2008. The three brands (Calaf, Natur and Nutrabien) are consolidated in Chile and allowed us to target a variety of snacks to specific niches. We now sell Food’s products using CCU’s network: Commercial CCU sells from Arica to Copiapó/Vallenar in the northern part of the country and from Talca/Curicó to Coyhaique in the south; Comercial Patagona sells in Punta Arenas; ECUSA’s sales and logistics platform is used in the central part of the country and Foods has a 20 people dedicated sales force to serve 61 supermarkets representing 540 sales points throughout the country. This marketing structure has the capacity to reach more than 90,000 clients. Our challenge for the next development stage is to leverage our distribution and selling strengths and to search for future growth opportunities.
Distribution Network.In Chile, we have an extensive and integrated distribution network for the sale and distribution of beer, soft drinks, mineral water, purified water, functional beverages, nectars, wine, pisco, rum and confectionery products with capacity to reach approximately 90,000 customers. The network includes a total of 17 owned or leased warehouses and a network of independent transportation companies handled by Transportes CCU. Sales are performed by categories dedicated sales forces and by Comercial CCU which has a sales force of approximately 365 people who sell our products to approximately 31,734 customers in the North of Chile from Arica to Copiapó/Vallenar and in the mid-south area from Curicó/Talca through Coihayque, except for Concepción City. In the far south of Chile, in Punta Arenas, Comercial Patagona does the selling for all products, reaching 1,163 customers. In the central parts of the country and the City of Concepción, there are dedicated sales forces that focus on single lines of products. Product distribution is carried out by Transportes CCU throughout the country or by Comercial Patagona in its territory.
In Argentina, our sales and distribution network for our beer products consists of eight owned or leased warehouses, a direct sales force reaching approximately 26,810 customers plus 10 supermarket chains, and 2 logistics operators. Sales are done by 4 independent bottlers in the south, north-west and northeast part of Argentina.
Our Beer Business
Our historical core business, our Chilean beer operation, was first established in 1850. Since that date, our management believes we have played a leadership role in the industry, with a business that in 1902, after the merger of different breweries, gave rise to our formation. In 1995, we began building our presence in Argentina through the acquisition of a majority interest in two Argentine brewing companies, CICSA and CSF.
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Our Beer Business in Chile
The Chilean Beer Market.We estimate that annual beer consumption in Chile was 603 million liters in 2008, or approximately 36 liters per capita. The following chart shows our estimates for total and per capita consumption levels for beer in Chile for the years 2004 - 2008:
Year | Total Sales Volume (1) | Per Capita (2) | ||
(millions of liters) | (liters) | |||
2004 | 426 | 26 | ||
2005 | 481 | 30 | ||
2006 | 550 | 33 | ||
2007 | 573 | 35 | ||
2008 | 603 | 36 |
________________________ | ||
(1) | Based on our sales data, competitors’ publicly available information, equity research analyst reports, imports and export data from customs authorities. Includes microbreweries sales. | |
(2) | Population estimated in accordance with the national census of April 2002. |
We estimate that the total beer market increased by approximately 5.2% in terms of volume sold during 2008 as compared to 2007. We believe that this positive growth in the beer market is the result of the actions taken by us since 2001 to increase beer consumption in Chile with new products, new packaging and by creating new occasions for consumption, in addition to positive Chilean economic conditions.
Virtually all of the beer consumed in Chile is produced by three Chilean manufacturers: us, Cervecería Chile and Cervecería Austral S.A., or Cervecería Austral, whose principal brands of beer in Chile are Cristal, Báltica and Austral, respectively. According to our estimates, during 2008, we and Cervecería Chile accounted for approximately 86% and 12% of total beer sales in Chile, respectively. In November 2000, we acquired a 50% stake in Cervecería Austral, located in the city of Punta Arenas. This brewery has an annual production capacity of 5.7 million liters and had less than 1% market share during 2008. In October 2001, Cervecería Austral entered into a license agreement with our subsidiary, Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada, to produce and sell our brand Cristal, and also any other brand, owned by or licensed to Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada in the southern part of Chile. During 2003, Cervecería Austral began the production and sale of our brands Cristal, Escudo and Dorada 6.0. In May 2002, we acquired a 50% stake in Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., located in the city of Valdivia. In November 2006, we acquired additional shares of Kunstmann that allowed us to consolidate this subsidiary into our financial statements since that month. This brewery has an annual production capacity of 8.8 million liters in 2008. Due to the high costs of shipping beer to Chile and Chile’s returnable glass bottle system, sales of imported beer are not significant, representing an estimate of less than 2% of total beer industry volume in 2008.
Wholesale and retail beer prices are not regulated in Chile. Wholesale prices are subject to negotiation between the producer and the purchaser. Retailers determine retail prices to the final consumer. We believe that the key factors determining retailers’ prices include: national and/or local price promotions offered by the manufacturer, the nature of product consumption (on-premise or take-out), the type of packaging (returnable or non-returnable), the applicable tax structure, the desired profit margins and the geographical location of the retailer.
Beer Production and Marketing in Chile.The production, marketing and sales of beer in Chile are our principal activities, generating net sales of Ch$254,572 million, Ch$270,507 million and Ch$284,567 million or 39.9%, 39.5%, and 36.4% of our total net sales in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Our sales of beer by volume in Chile increased 5.2% in 2008 as a result of efforts made by us since 2001 to increase beer consumption in Chile by launching new products, developing new packaging and creating new occasions for consumption, in addition to positive Chilean economic conditions.
The following table shows our proprietary brands, brands produced under license and brands imported under license for the Chilean market:
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Super-Premium | Premium | Special | Popular-priced | |||
beer brands | beer brands | beer brands | beer brands | |||
Royal Guard | Cristal | Lemon Stones | Dorada 6.0 | |||
Royal Light | Cristal Red Ale | |||||
Heineken (1) | Cristal Black Lager | |||||
Budweiser (2) | Cristal Cer0,0° | |||||
Paulaner (1) | Escudo | |||||
Austral (1) | Morenita | |||||
Kunstmann | ||||||
(1) Produced under license | ||||||
(2) Imported |
Cristal is our principal and best selling beer brand in Chile. Cristal Red Ale and Cristal Black Lager are brand extensions of Cristal, which were launched in April 2006 and April 2007, respectively. Cristal Cer0,0° was introduced in December 2008 and it is an alcohol free beer with regular beer-like taste. Escudo, Chile’s second most popular beer, is targeted to young-adult consumers. Royal Guard is our single, proprietary, super-premium brand. Royal Light is a light beer extension of the Royal Guard line and contains a lower alcohol content. Morenita is a dark beer and Dorada 6.0 is a discount brand. Lemon Stones is a lemon flavored sweetened beer, with a 2.5% alcohol content.
During 2008, we exported 0.5 million liters of beer from Chile. Although we continually explore export opportunities, we do not expect beer exports to be a significant source of sales in the future since our primary focus is on the Chilean domestic market.
On April 28, 2003, we, through our subsidiaries Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada and Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A., and Heineken Brouwerijen B.V. signed license and technical assistance agreements which provide us with the exclusive rights to produce, sell and distribute Heineken beer in Chile and Argentina commencing June 18, 2003. These agreements have an initial term of 10 years beginning in June 2003, renewable for subsequent periods of five years. Heineken beer is the leading brand in the super-premium segment, the beer segment with the highest growth in Chile in the last years.
Additionally, we produce, bottle and distribute Paulaner beer under license from Paulaner Brauerei AG, which is controlled by the BrauHolding International GmbH Group, a joint venture between Heineken and the Schörghuber Group. The current Import and License agreement, executed in 1995, which supersedes all prior agreements, provides us with the exclusive right to produce in Chile super-premium beer under the Paulaner label and distribute in Chile a variety of additional imported Paulaner products. It has a five year term, beginning in May 1995, automatically renewable for successive five-year periods unless otherwise stated by any party. The Schörghuber Group was, until April 2003, one of the two beneficial shareholders of IRSA, our major shareholder.
In October 1996, we and Anheuser-Busch entered into an agreement granting us the exclusive right to distribute Budweiser beer in Chile. During 2004, we and Anheuser-Busch entered into a new distribution agreement, with a 12-year term, ending December 2015. See “Item 3: Key Information – Risk Factors”.
In October 2001, we signed a license agreement with Cervecería Austral S.A. for the production of the Austral brand by our beer division. This agreement has a fourteen-year term, automatically renewable for a seven-year term if certain conditions are fulfilled. This agreement can be extended for an additional seven-year period if both parties express this intention in writing.
In May 2002, we acquired a 50% ownership interest in Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., a microbrewery located in the southern city of Valdivia, with an annual production capacity of 3 million liters at that time. Since June 2003, our beer division began selling Kunstmann nationwide. In November 2006, we acquired additional shares of Kunstmann that allowed us to consolidate this subsidiary.
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Our investment in Cervecería Austral S.A., the production of the Austral brand by our beer division, the investment in Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., plus the production of Heineken beer since June 2003, are part of our strategy to increase our presence in the premium segment of the Chilean beer market.
Our beer products sold in Chile are bottled or packaged in returnable and non-returnable bottles, aluminum cans or stainless steel kegs at our production facilities in the Chilean cities of Santiago, Temuco and Antofagasta. During 2006, 2007 and 2008, we sold our beer products in Chile in the following packaging formats:
Percentage of Total Beer Products Sold | ||||||
Container | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Returnable (1) | 64% | 61% | 60% | |||
Non-Returnable (2) | 30% | 34% | 35% | |||
Returnable Kegs (3) | 6% | 5% | 5% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
_______________ (1) Returnable beer containers include glass bottles of various sizes. | ||||||
(2) Non-Returnable beer containers include bottles and aluminum cans, both of assorted sizes. | ||||||
(3)Returnable kegs are stainless steel containers, which have a capacity of 20, 30 and 50 liters. |
We obtain all of our glass bottles and cans from third party suppliers. See “– Raw Materials”.
We directly distribute our beer products throughout Chile to:
- off-premise retail: small and medium sized retail outlets, which in turn sell beer to consumers for take-out consumption;
- on-premise retail: retail establishments such as restaurants, hotels and bars for on-premise consumption;
- wholesalers; and
- supermarket chains.
In 2006, 2007 and 2008, the percentage mix of the above distribution channels for our beer products in Chile was as follows:
Percentage of Total Beer Products Sold | ||||||
Distribution Channels | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Off-premise retail | 37% | 37% | 39% | |||
On-premise retail | 18% | 18% | 18% | |||
Wholesalers | 20% | 20% | 20% | |||
Supermarkets | 24% | 25% | 24% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
As of December 31, 2008, we had more than 37,000 customers in Chile for our beer products, none of which accounted for more than 2% of our total beer sales by volume, with the exception of two large supermarket chains that represented a combined total of 13%. During 2008, the Chilean supermarket industry continued to consolidate, increasing the importance and purchasing power of a few supermarket chains. We do not maintain any long-term contractual arrangements for the sale of beer with any of our customers in Chile.
The following table sets forth our beer sales volume in Chile, by category, during each of the last five years:
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Category | 2004 | 2005(1) | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||||
(in millions of liters) | ||||||||||
Super-Premium | 31.5 | 34.3 | 37.8 | 46.2 | 55.6 | |||||
Premium | 307.1 | 358.6 | 403.2 | 418.8 | 432.8 | |||||
Special | 7.4 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | |||||
Medium-Priced | 14.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||
Popular-Priced | 20.1 | 17.0 | 23.8 | 20.7 | 22.1 | |||||
Total | 380.7 | 417.0 | 470.8 | 491.1 | 516.8 | |||||
____________________ (1) Morenita beer brand has been classified as a premium beer effective January 2005, previous years were not reclassified |
The above figures do not include export sales to third parties, which amounted to 2.2, 3.2 and 0.5 million liters in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively.
The average price, based on December 2008 Chilean pesos, per liter to our customers for beer products in Chile increased from an average of Ch$524 in 2004 to Ch$539 in 2008. The four-year compounded annual growth rate was 0.7% above inflation rate.
Our beer production in 2008 was centralized in the Santiago and Temuco plants in addition to the bottling facility in Antofagasta. The Temuco plant commenced production in November 1999, replacing the closed Concepción and Osorno plants. For a more detailed discussion of our capital expenditure program, see “– History and Development of the Company – Capital Expenditures”.
Raw Materials.The principal raw materials used in our production of beer are malt, rice, water and hops. We obtain our supply of malt from local producers and in the international market. In 2007, we renewed and signed long-term contracts with local producers for approximately 40% of our requirements. The balance for 2009 is expected to continue to be imported, from Argentina and Uruguay. During 2008, we received 36,000 tons of malt from Argentina and Germany, representing 100% of our imports. Rice is obtained from local and international suppliers in spot transactions and/or annual contract agreements. We pre-treat rice in order to ensure that it meets our standards of quality. We import hops mainly pursuant to contracts with international suppliers, in the United States, which permit us to secure supplies for periods of up to four years.
Water is essential in the production of beer. We obtain all of our water from wells located at our plants and/or from public utilities. The water is treated at facilities located at our plants to remove impurities and to adjust the characteristics of the water before it is used in the production process.
We maintain testing facilities at each of our plants and factories where raw materials are tested. Additionally, samples of beer are analyzed at various stages of production to ensure product quality. Samples of Heineken are periodically sent to Holland to verify the quality of the product.
We generally purchase all of the glass bottles used in packaging our beer from the major national glass supplier in Chile, Cristalerías Chile S.A. under one-year agreements. In addition, other sources, principally in Argentina, can be used when price and delivery terms are favorable. During 2008, all of our requirements for aluminum cans were purchased from a local supplier, Rexam Chile S.A., formerly Latasa Chile S.A., but if price and delivery conditions are favorable, cans can be imported. Our kegs used for draft beer, are purchased from various suppliers outside Chile. We obtain the labels for our beer products principally from local suppliers. Plastic caps are principally purchased from two suppliers in Chile. Crowns are currently imported from Brazil and Mexico after local supplier went out of business .
Prices of principal raw materials used in beer production in Chile are tied to the U.S. dollar and have increased in Chilean pesos because of general commodity price increases in international markets as well as for the depreciation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar . From time to time, prices of agricultural products vary depending on demand and supply factors.
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We believe that all of the contracts or other agreements between us and third party suppliers, with respect to the supply of raw materials for beer products, contain standard and customary commercial terms and conditions. We do not believe we are dependent on any one supplier for a significant portion of our important raw materials. During the past ten years, we have not experienced any material difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices, nor do we expect to in the future.
Sales, Transportation and Distribution.We distribute all of our beer products in Chile directly to retail, supermarket and wholesale customers. This system enables us to maintain a high frequency of contact with our customers, obtain more timely and accurate marketing-related information, and maintain good working relationships with our retail customers.
In October 2005, we launched Comercial CCU S.A., a subsidiary in charge of a single sales force dedicated to selling our beverage and sweet snack products, in order to capture synergies and focus on sales execution. Originally, this plan was piloted in rural areas and small cities in southern Chile. As of 2008, the territory covered by Commercial CCU S.A. has expanded to include the north of Chile from Arica to Copiapó/Vallenar and the south, from Curicó to Coyaique except for the City of Concepción.
In July 2002, Comercial Patagona Ltda. began selling all of our beer products in the country’s Twelfth Region. Comercial Patagona Ltda. is a subsidiary of Cervecera Austral S.A. that is responsible for the sales and distribution of our products and those of Cervecera Austral in Chile’s extreme south.
After production, bottling and packaging, our beer is either stored at one of the three production facilities or transported to a network of 17 warehouses which are located throughout Chile and are either owned or leased by us. Beer products are generally shipped from the region of production to the closest warehouse, allowing us to minimize our transportation and delivery costs.
During 2008, we had a dedicated sales force of approximately 235 salesmen, responsible for our sales of beer and other products in the territories not covered by Comercial CCU or Comercial Patagona. This sales force uses a pre-sell system , like the rest of CCU’s sales platform, and covers approximately 21,906 clients and 24 supermarket chains representing 472 points of sales.
Our customers make payment for our products either in cash at the time of delivery or in accordance with one of various credit arrangements. Payment on credit sales for beer is generally due 24 days from the date of delivery. Credit sales accounted for 28% of our beer sales in Chile in each of the years 2006, 2007 and 2008 . Losses on credit sales of beer in Chile have not been significant.
Beginning in October 2001, all of the warehouses and transportation companies used to store and deliver all of our products, are managed on a consolidated basis by our subsidiary Transportes CCU Ltda.
Seasonality. As a result of the seasonality of the beer industry, our sales and production volumes are normally at their lowest in the second and third calendar quarters and at their highest in the first and fourth calendar quarters (i.e., those months corresponding to the holidays as well as the summer vacation season in Chile).
The following table shows our annual sales volume of beer in Chile, excluding exports, by quarter in 2006, 2007 and 2008:
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Year | Quarter | Sales Volume | % of Annual | |||
(millions of liters) | Sales Volume | |||||
2006 | 1stquarter | 137.0 | 29.1 | |||
2ndquarter | 86.5 | 18.4 | ||||
3rdquarter | 97.6 | 20.7 | ||||
4thquarter | 149.7 | 31.8 | ||||
Total | 470.8 | 100.0 | ||||
2007 | 1stquarter | 145.1 | 29.6 | |||
2ndquarter | 88.1 | 17.9 | ||||
3rdquarter | 100.7 | 20.5 | ||||
4thquarter | 157.2 | 32.0 | ||||
Total | 491.1 | 100.0 | ||||
2008 | 1stquarter | 156.9 | 30.4 | |||
2ndquarter | 91.2 | 17.7 | ||||
3rdquarter | 107.3 | 20.8 | ||||
4thquarter | 161.4 | 31.2 | ||||
Total | 516.8 | 100.0 | ||||
Geographical Markets. Our main beer production facility is located in Santiago. Santiago and the surrounding areas (referred to as the Metropolitan Region) account for approximately 40% of the population of Chile and accounted for approximately 36% of our beer sales by volume in 2008. We also have one additional beer production facility (Temuco) and one additional bottling facility (Antofagasta) located outside the Santiago metropolitan area. Virtually all of our brands are distributed to customers located within the geographic areas of the corresponding production facilities.
Competition. Our principal competitor in the beer business is Cervecería Chile (a subsidiary of Anheuser Busch InBev), which commenced operations in Chile during the second half of 1991, resulting in a loss of market share for us. Nevertheless, after experiencing a market share low of 86% in both 1994 and 1995, we were able to recapture our lost market share, reaching 90% market share in 2004. However, in 2005, Cervecería Chile launched a new product which negatively affected our market share, and in 2006, we had 86% market share which we have maintained until 2008.
Our estimated share of the Chilean beer market over the last five years is as follows:
Year | Our Chilean Market Share for Beer (*) | |
2004 | 90% | |
2005 | 87% | |
2006 | 86% | |
2007 | 86% | |
2008 | 86% | |
____________ (*) Considers beer sold directly by Austral and Kunstmann |
Our competitor, Cervecería Chile has one production facility located in Santiago and distributes its products throughout the country. Cervecería Chile uses third party distributors in Region I in the north, and from the city of Castro in the Region X to the south. We estimate that the sales of Cervecería Chile’s brands of beer by volume accounted for approximately 12% of total beer sales in 2007 and 2008. We estimate that Cervecería Chile has an annual production capacity of approximately 105 million liters which represents approximately 15% of our annual nominal production capacity in Chile.
Due to the high cost of shipping beer to Chile and the competitive advantage inherent to domestic producers as a result of Chile’s returnable glass bottle system, imported beer is not a significant component of the Chilean beer market. We estimate that imports and microbreweries accounted for approximately 2% of total beer sales by volume during 2008.
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Although there are currently no significant legal or regulatory barriers to entering the Chilean beer market, substantial investment would be required to establish or acquire production and distribution facilities and bottles for use in Chile’s proprietary returnable bottling system, and to establish a critical mass in sales volumes. Nevertheless, if long-term economic conditions in Chile continue to be favorable, other enterprises may be expected to attempt to enter the Chilean beer market. In addition, our beer brands in Chile may face increased competition from other alcoholic beverages such as wine and spirits, as well as from non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks.
Our Beer Business in Argentina
Overview. In December 1994, we established CCU Argentina in order to develop a presence in the Argentine beer market. During January and February 1995, we, through CCU Argentina, acquired a 62.7% interest in CICSA, a brewery located in the city of Salta, 1,600 kilometers northwest of Buenos Aires. In September 1995, CCU Argentina expanded its operations by purchasing 98.8% of CSF, a brewery located 450 kilometers northwest of Buenos Aires in the city of Santa Fe.
In December 1995, we entered into a joint venture agreement pursuant to which Anheuser-Busch acquired a 4.4% interest in CCU Argentina. The agreement involved two kinds of contracts: an investment and a licensing contract. Under the investment contract, Anheuser-Busch had an option, which expired in 2005, to increase its interest in CCU Argentina to 20%. The licensing contract has a duration of 20 years and grants CCU Argentina the exclusive right to produce, package, market, sell and distribute Budweiser beer in Argentina. In June 2008, after the last capital expansion, Anheuser-Busch reduced its interest in CCU Argentina to 4.1% and we increased our participation to 95.9% .
In March 2004, AmBev and Interbrew announced an agreement to merge, creating the world’s largest brewer under the name InBev. This merger was closed in August 2004. In January 2007, AmBev assumed control of Quilmes, our competitor. Inbev and Anheuser Busch merged in November 2008, creating the world’s global beer leader.See “Item 3: Risk Factors”.
Between 1996 and June 2008, we and Anheuser-Busch invested approximately US$301 million and US$23 million in CCU Argentina, respectively. Among other things, this capital was used to prepay debt incurred to acquire the initial stake in CICSA and CSF, increase CCU Argentina’s stake in these same subsidiaries, increase plant capacity, purchase land in Zárate (a region close to Buenos Aires), purchase the brands and assets of Cervecería Córdoba, reduce short term debt, buy a canning line for the Santa Fe plant and acquire ICSA.
In January 1998, we merged two of our subsidiaries, CICSA and CSF. Currently both plants operate under the CICSA name. As a result of the merger of CICSA and CSF, CCU Argentina holds a 99.6% interest in CICSA as of December 2007.
In April 1998, CCU Argentina paid approximately US$8 million to acquire the brands and assets of Cervecería Córdoba. After the solution of certain labor issues, we began the production of the Córdoba brand at our Santa Fe plant during mid 1998.
In April and June 2008, CICSA paid an aggregate amount of US$88 million to acquire ICSA. Among other assets, ICSA owns the Bieckert, Palermo and Imperial beer brands, and a brewery in Luján, Buenos Aires, which has a nominal production capacity of 270 million liters per year. Pursuant to the acquisition of ICSA in April 2008, it was merged with CICSA in July 2008.
The Argentine Beer Market.The Argentine beer market is estimated by us to be almost three times the size of Chile’s. Traditionally, beer and wine have been the principal alcoholic beverages consumed in the country. We estimate that annual beer consumption in Argentina was 1,716 million liters, or approximately 43 liters per capita in 2008.
The table below sets forth our estimates of beer consumption in Argentina during each of the last five years:
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Year | Volume | Per Capita (*) | ||
(in millions of liters) | (liters) | |||
2004 | 1,333 | 35 | ||
2005 | 1,389 | 36 | ||
2006 | 1,472 | 38 | ||
2007 | 1,571 | 40 | ||
2008 | 1,716 | 43 | ||
______________ (*) Population estimated based on Argentina’s national census of 2001. |
We estimate that total beer consumption in Argentina increased at a four-year compounded annual growth rate of 6.5% between 2004 and 2008. During 2008, the Argentine beer market increased 9.2%, due to a recovery in consumption and an increase in consumer confidence.
Since January 2006, the Argentine Government has adopted different methods to directly and indirectly regulate price increases of various consumer goods, including bottled beer, in an effort to slow inflation. Wholesale price increases are negotiated between the producer and the purchaser as a result of competitive situations in the industry and government approval for each beer company. Prices to consumers are determined by the negotiated wholesale price, as impacted by the producer's product pricing strategy. In order to optimize its profit margins, the producer must carefully manage its product and channel mix and trade discounts.
Beer Production and Marketing in Argentina.Our production of beer in Argentina generated net sales of Ch$67,609 million, Ch$75,434 million and Ch$143,437 million representing 10.6%, 11.0%% and 18.3% of our total net sales in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The increases during this period were the result of higher prices and volumes, as a consequence of a favorable economic environment in Argentina.
We produce and market super-premium, premium, medium-priced and popular-priced beer brands in Argentina. The following table shows our principal brands produced and imported under license in Argentina:
Super-Premium | Premium | Medium-priced | Popular-priced | |||
beer brands | beer brands | beer brands | beer brands | |||
Heineken (1) | Budweiser (1) | Schneider | Palermo | |||
Corona (2) | Salta | Schneider Fuerte 6.0° | Bieckert | |||
Guinness (2) | Santa Fe | Córdoba | ||||
Negra Modelo (2) | ||||||
Paulaner (2) | ||||||
Imperial | ||||||
__________________ (1) Produced under license | ||||||
(2) Imported |
Schneider is our principal proprietary brand in Argentina, accounting for 25% of our Argentine sales volume in 2008. We began local production of Budweiser brand beer in December 1996. Budweiser beer represented 31% of our Argentine sales volume in 2008. Since February 2002, our Budweiser one-liter returnable bottle, the main format in the market, has been priced at the same level as the leading brand in the market. In June 2003, we began selling locally produced Heineken beer. Our Schneider brand is sold in three varieties, regular lager, dark and Schneider Fuerte 6.0°, a brand extension with 6.0% of alcohol; the Salta brand is sold in regular and strong lager, and dark varieties, and the Santa Fe brand is sold in regular lager and dark varieties. The Córdoba brand is sold only as a regular lager. During 1997, we began to import Guinness beer from Ireland, making Argentina the only country in South America where Guinness draught is sold. During 2001, we began importing Corona beer from Mexico, and during 2005 and 2007, we also began importing Negra Modelo beer from Mexico and Paulaner beer from Germany. In April 2008 we bought the brands Imperial, Palermo and Bieckert along with the production facility in Luján. During 2008, we exported 25.2 million liters of beer from Argentina, representing 6.9% of CCU Argentina’s beer sales volume.
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Our beer products are bottled or packaged in returnable and non-returnable glass bottles, aluminum cans, or stainless steel kegs at our production facilities. During 2006, 2007 and 2008, we sold our beer products in Argentina in the following packaging formats:
Percentage of Total Beer Products Sold | ||||||
Container | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Returnable (1) | 88% | 85% | 89% | |||
Non-Returnable (2) | 10% | 13% | 10% | |||
Returnable Kegs (3) | 2% | 2% | 1% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
________________ (1)Returnable beer containers include glass bottles of various sizes. | ||||||
(2)Non-returnable beer containers include glass bottles and aluminum cans, both of assorted sizes. | ||||||
(3)Returnable kegs refer to stainless steel containers in assorted sizes. |
We obtain all of our glass bottles from third-party suppliers located in Argentina and Brazil, and stainless steel kegs from third-party suppliers in Germany and Spain.
In Argentina, though most beer is sold to wholesalers, we also sell our products to retailers and supermarket chains. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, the percentage mix of the above distribution channels for our beer products in Argentina was as follows:
Percentage of Total Beer Products Sold | ||||||
Distribution Channels | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Wholesalers | 77% | 76% | 74% | |||
Retailers | 15% | 14% | 13% | |||
Supermarkets | 9% | 10% | 13% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
In 2008, we sold to approximately 26,810 customers in Argentina, none of which individually accounted for more than 3% of our total beer sales by volume, with the exception of two large distributors that represented a combined total of 16%.
The following table sets forth our beer sales volume in Argentina by category during each of the last five years:
Category | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||||
(in millions of liters) | ||||||||||
Super-premium | 20.3 | 25.7 | 30.8 | 38.3 | 50.5 | |||||
Premium | 80.5 | 85.8 | 96.2 | 109.5 | 127.1 | |||||
Medium-priced | 103.0 | 106.3 | 104.6 | 104.6 | 106.8 | |||||
Popular-priced | 1.1 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 81.7 | |||||
Total | 204.9 | 220.2 | 233.4 | 253.5 | 366.1 | |||||
The average price, based on December 2008 Chilean pesos, to our customers for our beer products in Argentina has increased at a four-year compounded annual rate of 13.0%, from Ch$233 per liter in 2004 to Ch$379 per liter in 2008,in Chilean pesos. The figures in Chilean pesos are distorted because each quarter is calculated as the accumulated quarter results in US$ - converted using the Argentinian monthly average exchange rate from Argentinean pesos to US$ - converted into Chilean pesos at the exchange rate of the last quarter’s day, minus the amount in Chilean pesos calculated for the previous quarter increased by the present quarters inflation rate. The increase in average prices is also related to higher participation of super-premium brands in the sales mix.
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The license agreement between CCU Argentina and Anheuser-Busch, which provides CCU Argentina with the exclusive right to produce, package, market, sell and distribute Budweiser beer in Argentina, had an initial term of 20 years commencing in December 1995, which in March 2008, was extended to December 2025. Among other things, the license agreement includes provisions for both technical and marketing assistance from Anheuser-Busch. Under the license agreement, CCU Argentina is obligated to purchase certain raw materials from Anheuser-Busch or from suppliers approved by Anheuser-Busch. CCU Argentina cannot produce, package, sell or distribute within Argentina any North American beer, other than Budweiser beer, without the prior written consent of Anheuser-Busch. We began distribution of our locally produced Budweiser in December 1996. See “– Sales, Transportation and Distribution”. In addition, the license agreement is subject to certain specified market share targets and marketing expenditures. During the third quarter 2000, we and Anheuser-Busch signed an export agreement to supply Budweiser from Argentina to Paraguay, Chile and Brazil. In August 2003, the license agreement was modified, with regard to certain targets, to adjust it to the current economic situation of the Argentine market. See “Item 3: Risk Factors”.
On April 28, 2003, CCU Argentina and Heineken Brouwerijen B.V., a subsidiary of Heineken International B.V., signed license and technical assistance agreements which provide us with the exclusive rights to produce, sell and distribute Heineken beer in Argentina commencing June 18, 2003. These agreements have an initial term of 10 years beginning in June 2003, renewable for subsequent periods of five years. Heineken beer is the leading brand in the super-premium segment in Argentina.
In October 2006, we signed a long-term contract with ICSA to brew, bottle and package beer in the former AmBev plant in Luján, near Buenos Aires, that was purchased by ICSA. In January 2007, we began brewing our local brands in this plant, obtaining enough production capacity to ensure future growth. In April 2008, we acquired ICSA, including the Luján plant and the brands Imperial, Bieckert and Palermo. ICSA also had a brewing contract agreement with AmBev and, under such contract CICSA brewed beer for AmBev during the peak demand season of 2008-2009.
Raw Materials.The principal raw materials used in the production of our beer products in Argentina are malt, corn syrup, rice, water and hops. During 2008, we continued obtaining malt and rice from regional suppliers, benefiting from lower costs as compared to imported materials. We obtain rice from suppliers in Argentina and Uruguay, and malt and corn syrup from suppliers in Argentina.
Other raw materials are obtained from local and international suppliers in spot transactions and/or annual contracts. All purchased raw materials are tested in order to ensure that they meet our standards of quality.
Water is essential in the production of beer. Our operation in Salta obtains all of its water from wells located at its plant, and the Santa Fe operation obtains all of its water from the Paraná river. The water is treated at facilities located at our plants to remove impurities and adjust the characteristics of the water before it is used in the production process.
We maintain testing facilities at each of our plants and factories in which raw materials are analyzed according to our standards. Additionally, samples of beer are analyzed at various stages of production to ensure product quality. Samples of Heineken and Budweiser are periodically sent to Holland and to Anheuser-Busch facilities in the United States, respectively, to verify the consistency and quality of the products.
We generally purchase all of our glass bottles from the major national glass supplier in Argentina, Rigolleau/Cattorini, and from Saint Gobain in Brazil. During 2008, all of our requirements for aluminum cans were purchased from a local supplier, Rexam Argentina S.A., but if price and delivery conditions are favorable, cans can be imported. Kegs used for draft beer are purchased from various suppliers in Germany. Plastic storage and carrying crates, as well as the labels for beer products and crowns, are obtained from local and international suppliers.
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Prices of principal raw materials used in beer production in Argentina have increased in dollar terms. However, from time to time, prices of agricultural products vary depending on demand and supply factors.
We believe that all contracts or other agreements between us and third party suppliers, with respect to the supply of raw materials for beer products, contain standard and customary commercial terms and conditions. We do not believe we are dependent on any one supplier for a substantial portion of our raw materials in Argentina. We have not experienced any significant difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices and do not expect to in the future.
Sales, Transportation and Distribution.After production, bottling and packaging, our beer is either stored at the production facilities or transported to a network of six warehouses leased or owned by us. Beer products are generally shipped to those warehouses, which are located within the region in which the beer products are sold.
Most of our beer in Argentina is sold and distributed through third party sales and distribution chains in the regions surrounding the cities of Santa Fe, Salta, Córdoba, Rosario and Buenos Aires. In recent years, we reduced the number of our distributors and replaced some of them by larger ones, among which there are currently three bottlers, one in the south, another one in the north and the third one in the northeastern regions of Argentina. As of December 31, 2008, we had a direct sales force which sold our beer products to approximately 26,810 customers within the Salta, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Rosario, the Federal Capital and its outlying metropolitan area, in addition to 10 supermarket chains throughout the country.
Our Argentine beer customers either make payments for our products in cash at the time of delivery or through one of our various credit arrangements. Payment on credit sales is currently due 7 days from the date of delivery to wholesalers, and an average of 60 days of delivery to supermarkets. Credit sales accounted for 52%, 61% and 64% of our beer sales in Argentina in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Losses on credit sales of beer in Argentina have not been significant.
Seasonality.As a result of the seasonality of the beer industry, our sales and production volumes are normally at their lowest in the second and third calendar quarters and at their highest in the first and fourth quarters (i.e., those months corresponding to the summer and holiday seasons in Argentina).
The following table shows the annual sales volume of beer in Argentina, including exports, during each quarter in 2006, 2007 and 2008:
Year | Quarter | Sales Volume | % of Annual | |||
(millions of liters) | Sales Volume | |||||
2006 | 1stquarter | 67.3 | 27.5 | |||
2ndquarter | 41.6 | 17.0 | ||||
3rdquarter | 51.0 | 20.9 | ||||
4thquarter | 84.6 | 34.6 | ||||
Total | 244.4 | 100.0 | ||||
2007 | 1stquarter | 76.4 | 28.1 | |||
2ndquarter | 50.2 | 18.4 | ||||
3rdquarter | 54.5 | 20.0 | ||||
4thquarter | 91.2 | 33.5 | ||||
Total | 272.2 | 100.0 | ||||
2008 | 1stquarter(1) | 103.5 | 28.3 | |||
2ndquarter | 72.2 | 19.7 | ||||
3rdquarter | 72.9 | 19.9 | ||||
4thquarter | 117.5 | 32.1 | ||||
Total | 366.1 | 100.0 | ||||
(1) For comparison purposes we are showing ICSA sales in the first quarter. |
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Geographical Markets.Our beer production facilities in Argentina are located in Santa Fe , Salta and Luján. Santa Fe and its surrounding areas account for approximately 8.2% of the population of Argentina and for approximately 11.4% of total beer sales of CCU Argentina by volume in 2008. The region surrounding and including the cities of Salta and Jujuy account for approximately 4.9% of the population of Argentina and for approximately 6.8% of total beer sales of CCU Argentina by volume in 2008. The region surrounding and including the city of Córdoba accounts for approximately 8.5% of the Argentine population and represents approximately 10.3% of CCU Argentina’s sales by volume. Lastly, the province of Buenos Aires accounts for approximately 44.6% of the population of Argentina and for approximately 25.6% of total beer sales of CCU Argentina by volume in 2008.
Competition.Since 2003, after the agreement between Quilmes and AmBev, the Argentine beer market consisted of three principal brewing groups: AmBev-Quilmes, us and Warsteiner. The principal proprietary brands of these companies are Quilmes, Schneider and Isenbeck, respectively. In December 2006, ICSA, a new competitor, entered the Argentine beer market. ICSA began its operations at the former AmBev brewery in Luján producing three beer brands: Palermo, Bieckert and Imperial, which had previously belonged to Quilmes. These assets were sold by AmBev-Quilmes in response to requirements of the antitrust authorities in Argentina. According to the information made public by our competitors and our estimates for Isenbeck, the different brewing groups had the following market shares in 2008: AmBev-Quilmes, 76%; us, 21%; and Warsteiner, 3%.
The following table shows our market share in the Argentine market over the past five years:
Our Argentine Market Share for Beer | ||
Year | Estimated Market Share | |
2004 | 15% | |
2005 | 16% | |
2006 | 16% | |
2007 | 16% | |
2008 | 21% | |
__________________________ Source: CICSA |
Quilmes, the beer market leader in Argentina and our principal competitor, also has beer operations in Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia. In February 1997, Quilmes purchased Bieckert in Argentina, and, as a result of that acquisition, increased its production capacity by approximately 170 million liters, increasing its market share by an estimated 4.9% . As of December 31, 2008, Quilmes had five breweries in Argentina with an estimated total annual production capacity of 1.2 billion liters. Quilmes’ large size enables it to benefit from economies of scale in the production and distribution of beer throughout Argentina.
We estimate that Quilmes’ average market share in 2008 decreased to 76% from 82% market share in late 1994. At that time, Companhia Cervejaria Brahma, one of the two largest beer producers in Brazil, commenced production at its new brewery in Luján, near Buenos Aires. In addition, Warsteiner, a large German brewer, commenced production at its new brewery in Zárate, also near Buenos Aires, with an annual production capacity estimated to be approximately 140 million liters. Prior to commencing production in Argentina, Companhia Cervejaria Brahma and Warsteiner competed in the Argentine market with imported beer. The other competitor, Galicia, has one plant with a total annual capacity of approximately 17 million liters. In July 1999, the merger of Companhia Cervejaria Brahma and Companhia Antarctica Paulista was announced, creating AmBev. This merger was finally approved in March 2000, creating one of the largest beverage producers in the world.
More recently, in May 2002, AmBev and Quilmes announced that pursuant to an agreement between both parties, AmBev would transfer all of its beer assets in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay to Quilmes in exchange for 26.4 million new B shares of Quilmes. Additionally, according to the announcement AmBev would purchase from the controlling shareholders of Quilmes 230.92 million class A shares for US$346.4 million. Also the agreement stipulates that AmBev can purchase at the end of a seven-year period the remaining Quilmes shares owned by the current controlling group, the Bemberg family, with AmBev shares. The Bemberg family had the option to sell to AmBev their remaining class A shares during a period beginning with the end of the first year and ending with the seventh year after the agreement was announced. This option was exercised in April 2006. This transaction was approved by the Argentine antitrust authorities on January 13, 2003, subject to the condition that AmBev and Quilmes divest themselves of certain brands and the AmBev plant in Luján, near Buenos Aires, to a company currently not present in the Argentine beer market. On February 14, 2003, through our subsidiary CICSA, we filed a complaint before the Argentine federal courts in order to be eligible to participate in the acquisition of these assets. In February 2006, the Argentinean Supreme Court of Justice ruled against our complaint. In December 2006, the Argentine authorities approved the sale of these assets to ICSA, a company owned by local investors. On March 3, 2004, AmBev and Interbrew announced an agreement to merge the two companies, creating the world’s largest brewer under the name InBev. This merger was closed in August 2004. On November 18, 2008 Anheuser Busch and Inbev merged creating the global beer leader. Consolidation in the beer industry has resulted in larger and more competitive participants, which could change the current market conditions under which we operate.
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Due to the high cost of shipping beer to Argentina and the competitive advantage inherent to domestic producers as a result of Argentina’s returnable glass bottle system, we estimate that imported beer sales accounted for less than 1% of the total sales volume in 2008.
Our beer brands in Argentina also face competition from other alcoholic beverages such as wine and spirits, as well as from non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks.
Excise taxes for the beverage industry in Argentina have been subject to variations in the past. The last modification was in 1999 and has been applicable since January 2000. The following table shows current Argentine excise beverage taxes:
Product Type | 1999 Excise Taxes | Current Excise Taxes | ||
Non-Alcoholic Beverages | ||||
Cola soft drinks | 4% | 8% | ||
Flavored soft drinks, mineral water and juices | 0% | 4% | ||
Alcoholic Beverages | ||||
Beer | 4% | 8% | ||
Whisky | 12% | 20% | ||
10-29% alcohol content | 6% | 12% | ||
30% or more alcohol content | 8% | 15% | ||
Wine | 0% | 0% |
Future changes in excise taxes in Argentina could adversely affect our sales volume, market share and operating margins.
Our Non-Alcoholic Beverage Business
Overview. We have produced and soldsoftdrinks in Chile since 1902. Prior to November 1994, we independently produced, bottled and distributed carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks in Chile. Our line of soft drink products included our own proprietary brands, in addition to brands produced under license from Cadbury Schweppes plc. (currently Crush, Crush Light, Canada Dry Agua Tónica, Canada Dry Agua Tónica Light, Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Canada Dry Ginger Ale Light, Canada Dry Limón Soda and Canada Dry Limón Soda Light) and from PepsiCo ( currently Pepsi, Pepsi Light, 7Up and 7Up light). Under a similar licensing arrangement with Watt’s, a local fruit related product company, we bottled and distributed Watt’snectar products in Chile from 1987 until December 2006. At present Promarca S.A.,owned by us and Watt’s 50-50%, is the owner of the brand and we produce, bottle and distribute nectar products in bottles under Promarca’s license. We have been in the bottledwater business since 1960, and since December 2007 this business is conducted by Aguas CCU Nestlé Chile S.A.,80% owned by us and 20% owned by Nestlé Waters Chile S.A. Under our two proprietary brand names, Cachantun and Porvenir, we bottled and nationally distributed mineral water from our own two natural sources located within the central region of Chile. In September 2008 we introduced Nestlé Pure Life, a purified water of the highest quality standards produced and distributed under the license of Nestlé Chile S.A.. We also produce, bottle and/or distributesports drinks (Gatorade and imported Propel) andtea (Lipton) under the license of PepsiCo and our own brandenergy drinks (Kem Extreme) as well as PepsiCo’s licenced one (imported SoBe Adrenaline Rush).
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In November 1994, we merged our soft drink and mineral water businesses with the one owned by BAESA in Chile (PepsiCo’s bottler at that time) creating ECUSA for the production, bottling, distribution and marketing of soft drink and mineral water products in Chile. Therefore, we began producing PepsiCo brands under license (currently Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Seven Up, Seven Up Light, Mirinda, Gatorade and Lipton Ice Tea). On November 29, 1999, we purchased 45% of ECUSA’s shares owned by BAESA for approximately Ch$54,118 million. Since that date, we own 100% of ECUSA’s shares. However, we have had control of ECUSA since January 1998 after the shareholders agreement was amended. In January 2001, ECUSA and Schweppes Holdings Ltd. signed an agreement to continue bottling Crush and Canada Dry brands. See “– Non-Alcoholic Beverage Production and Marketing in Chile”.
The Chilean Non-Alcoholic Beverage Market.Commercial soft drink production was first established in Chile by us in 1902, and mineral water production began in 1960. In 2008, we estimate that annual carbonated soft drinks consumption in Chile was 2,001 million liters or approximately 120 liters per capita. We estimate that consumption of fruit nectars and juices was 271 million liters or approximately 16 liters per capita, in 2008. We also estimate that consumption of mineral and purified water, including both carbonated and non-carbonated, was 192 million liters or approximately 12 liters per capita, in 2008.
The soft drink market in Chile consists of both carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. The principal types of carbonated beverages are colas and non-colas. The principal non-carbonated beverages are fruit nectars and fruit juices, which are estimated to have accounted for approximately 17% of our total non-alcoholic beverage sales by revenues in 2008.
The table below sets forth our estimates of total and per capita carbonated soft drinks, fruit nectars and mineral water sales in Chile during each of the last five years:
Soft Drink and Mineral Water Sales | ||||||||||||||||
Volume (1) | Liters Per Capita (2) | |||||||||||||||
(millions of liters) | ||||||||||||||||
Carbonated | Mineral | Carbonated | Mineral | |||||||||||||
Year | Soft Drinks | Nectars (3) | Water | Total | Soft Drinks | Nectars (3) | Water | Total | ||||||||
2004 | 1,667 | 154 | 138 | 1,959 | 104 | 10 | 9 | 122 | ||||||||
2005 | 1,750 | 185 | 169 | 2,104 | 108 | 11 | 10 | 129 | ||||||||
2006 | 1,866 | 223 | 169 | 2,257 | 114 | 14 | 10 | 137 | ||||||||
2007 | 1,940 | 255 | 174 | 2,369 | 117 | 15 | 10 | 143 | ||||||||
2008 | 1,989 | 283 | 186 | 2,458 | 119 | 17 | 11 | 147 |
________
(1) Based on our sales data, publicly available information from competitors, equity research analyst reports, information from Nielsen and ANBER.
(2) Population estimated in accordance with the national census of April 2002.
(3) Includes liquid juices, nectars, fruit beverages and artificial juices.
The following table sets forth our estimates as to the percentage of total carbonated soft drinks production in Chile, represented by each of the two principal categories of carbonated soft drinks during the last three years:
Type | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Colas | 58% | 58% | 58% | |||
Non-colas | 42% | 42% | 42% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
Since the creation of the ECUSA joint venture in November 1994, the two main soft drinks producer groups in Chile have been (i) the licensees of The Coca-Cola Company (consisting of three companies with 13 bottling plants) and (ii) us. Since August 1998, private labels have had an increasing participation in the industry, representing 3% of the total carbonated soft drink sales in Chile in 2008. Distribution of these brands is concentrated in the supermarket channel where they constituted a 10.4% market share in 2008. Additionally, discount brand producers have entered the market and represented 7.2% of the soft drinks market in 2008. Due to the strong presence of local producers, the high cost of transportation and the existing returnable bottle system that accounts for a large portion of soft drink sales volume, we believe that there is no significant market for imported soft drinks in Chile, which were estimated to represent less than 1% of all soft drinks sales by volume in 2008.
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The bottled water market in Chile is comprised of both carbonated and non-carbonated water, mineral water, and purified water. As with the soft drink market, approximately 95% of all mineral water in Chile is processed and marketed by two entities, us and Vital Aguas S.A., a subsidiary of the three licensees companies of The Coca-Cola Company in Chile. Our mineral water products have been produced by ECUSA since November 1994. We have approximately a 4% participation in the purified water market segment, after introducing Nestlé Pure Life at the end of September 2008.
Wholesale and retail prices of both soft drinks and mineral water products are not regulated in Chile. We believe that the key factors determining retailers’ prices include any national and/or local price promotions offered by the manufacturer, the nature of product consumption (on-premise or take-out), the type of product packaging (returnable or non-returnable), the applicable tax structure, the desired profit margins and the geographical location of the retailer.
Our Non-alcoholic Beverage Production and Marketing in Chile. Our soft drinks, nectar and mineral water production and marketing in Chile generated net sales of Ch$175,985 million, Ch$188,337 million and Ch$199,111 million, or 27.6%, 27.5% and 25.5% of our total net sales, in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
The following table shows the soft drink and mineral water brands produced and/or sold by us through ECUSA during 2008:
Brand | Product | Category | Affiliation | |||
Bilz | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Proprietary | CCU Proprietary | |||
Pap | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Proprietary | CCU Proprietary | |||
Bilz Light | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Proprietary | CCU Proprietary | |||
Pap Light | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Proprietary | CCU Proprietary | |||
Kem Piña | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Proprietary | CCU Proprietary | |||
Kem Xtreme | Soft Drink | Functional | CCU Proprietary | |||
Slice by Kem | Soft Drink | Non-Cola | CCU and PepsiCo | |||
Nobis | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Proprietary | CCU Proprietary | |||
Canada Dry Ginger Ale | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Canada Dry Ginger Ale Light | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Canada Dry Agua Tónica | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Canada Dry Agua Tónica Light | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Canada Dry Limón Soda | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Canada Dry Limón Soda Light | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Crush | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Crush Light | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | Schweppes Holdings Ltd. | |||
Pepsi | Soft Drink | Cola Licensed | PepsiCo | |||
Pepsi Light | Soft Drink | Cola Licensed | PepsiCo | |||
Seven-Up | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | PepsiCo | |||
Seven-Up Light | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | PepsiCo | |||
Lipton Ice Tea | Ice Tea | Non-Cola Licensed | PepsiCo | |||
Mirinda | Soft Drink | Non-Cola Licensed | PepsiCo | |||
Gatorade | Isotonic | Functional | PepsiCo | |||
Propel | Isotonic | Functional | Pepsico | |||
SoBe Adrenaline Rush | Energy | Functional | PepsiCo | |||
Watt’s | Nectars | Licensed | Promarca | |||
Watt’s Light | Nectars | Licensed | Promarca | |||
Watt’s Ice Frut | Nectars | Licensed | Promarca | |||
Watt´s Soya | Nectars | Licensed | Promarca | |||
Cachantun | Mineral Water | Proprietary | Aguas CCU Nestlé | |||
Cachantun O2 | Mineral Water | Functional | Aguas CCU Nestlé | |||
Mas de Cachantun | Mineral Water | Proprietary | Aguas CCU Nestlé | |||
Porvenir | Mineral Water | Proprietary | Aguas CCU Nestlé | |||
Glacier | Purified Water | Proprietary | Aguas CCU Nestlé | |||
Nestlé Pure Life | Purified Water | Licensed | Nestlé Chile S.A. |
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In 1994, ECUSA and Cadbury Schweppes plc, or Cadbury Schweppes, the latter through its subsidiaries CS Beverages Ltd. and Canada Dry Corporation Ltd., entered into license agreements for all Cadbury Schweppes products.
On December 11, 1998, The Coca-Cola Company, or TCCC, announced an agreement with Cadbury Schweppes to acquire certain of the latter's international beverage brands, including those licensed to ECUSA, and in August 1999 the agreement was reported to have been consummated. In September 2000, after more than a year’s litigation, both in Chile (suits at civil courts and antitrust authorities) and England (arbitration under ICC rules), ECUSA and TCCC reached an agreement superseding ECUSA’s previous license contracts with CS Beverages Ltd. and Canada Dry Corporation Ltd. The new agreement, referred to as the “Bottler Contract”, was executed between ECUSA and Schweppes Holdings Ltd., concerning the Crush and Canada Dry brands, and was approved by the Chilean antitrust commission, thus putting an end to the proceeding regarding the Cadbury Schweppes brands issue and dismissing all complaints filed in consideration of the agreement. On January 15, 2009, the parties executed an Amendment to the Bottler Contract which, among others, extended its duration until December 31, 2018 renewable for consecutive five-year periods provided that certain conditions are fulfilled.
In March 2006, ECUSA signed new exclusive bottling agreements with PepsiCo, Inc. and its subsidiary Seven-Up International, respectively, authorizing ECUSA to produce, sell and distribute Pepsi products in Chile. The contracts terminate on March 31, 2020.
Likewise, in March 2006, a new exclusive bottling agreement was executed between ECUSA and Stokely Van-Camp, Inc., a subsidiary of PepsiCo, Inc., authorizing ECUSA to bottle, sell and distribute Gatorade products in Chile, for an initial term ending on March 31, 2010, automatically renewable for successive two or three-year periods if certain conditions set forth in the contract are met. In August 2002, we began importing, selling and distributing Gatorade, the world’s number one isotonic drink. Since October 2006, we have been producing Gatorade locally. In May 2008 we began importing, selling and distributing Propel, a low calory sports drink targeted for women.
In November 2007, ECUSA signed an exclusive bottling agreement with Pepsi Lipton International Limited, authorizing ECUSA to produce, sell and distribute ready to drink tea beverages in Chile. This agreement terminates on March 31, 2020.
In addition, ECUSA has been granted the exclusive license to produce and distribute our proprietary brands Bilz, Pap and Kem. This license agreement had an initial ten-year term commencing November 1994, and is automatically renewable for six additional five-year periods. The license agreement was renewed in 2004.
The license agreement for nectar products with Watt’s, which granted us exclusive production rights, was first signed in June 1987 and originally had a 33-year term. In February 1999, a new license agreement was signed allowing us to produce new flavors and bottle Watt’s nectars in non-returnable packaging (wide mouth glass and plastic bottles). A new license agreement between us and Watt’s was signed in July 2004. This new contract provided us with a ten-year license renewable automatically for three consecutive periods of three years if the conditions set forth in the contract are fulfilled at the date of renewal. In December 2006, we signed a joint venture agreement with Watt’s, under which we participate in equal parts in Promarca S.A., or Promarca. This new company owns the brands “Watt’s”, “Ice Frut de Watt’s”, “Yogu Yogu” and “Shake a Shake” in Chile. Promarca granted its subsidiaries, for an indefinite period, the exclusive licenses for the production and sale of the different product categories. Therefore, we now participate in new product categories such as 100% fruit juices and fruit and dairy based beverages.
On June 14, 2001, ECUSA and Life O2 Beverages LLP entered into an exclusive technology and trademark license agreement for the production, sale and distribution of water products with high concentrations of oxygen. The agreement has an initial term of five years as from June 2001, renewable for one-year periods, unless otherwise stated by any party in writing.
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In June 2003, we entered into the purified water business with our proprietary brand Glacier, increasing our water selection and reaching a larger amount of population with a more affordable product. Nowadays the consumption of this product is concentrated in Antofagasta.
In October 2004, we relaunched Nobis, a traditional proprietary soft drink brand, to be used strategically against discount brands.
In February 2005, we launched a new Cachantun product, under the trademark Mas, a sugar free product made of mineral water, calcium and citric flavor, creating a new category of flavored water.
In December 2007, we entered into an agreement with Nestlé Chile S.A. and Nestlé Waters Chile S.A., the latter of which acquired a 20% interest in our subsidiary Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A., the company that ownes the assets through which we develop our bottled water business in Chile. As part of this new association, Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. produces and sells the Nestlé Pure Life brand in Chile. Nestlé had a call option to increase its ownership in Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. by an additional 29.9%, which expired on June 5, 2009. . On June 4, 2009 ECUSA received the notification from Nestlé Waters Chile S.A. exercising its irrevocable option to buy 29.9% of Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. equity, within the scope of the association contract. The shares subscription contract and the payment of their corresponding price will take place on July 10, 2009. ECUSA will hold 50.1% of the participation in Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. once the shares subscription contract is materialized. The price for the total stake subject to the option is calculated as follows: UF 1,262,754 plus an annual rate of 6.5% accrued between the date of payment and the date of the option contract signature, less 29.9% of paid dividends, less 29.9% of the Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile’s financial debt and plus 29.9% of the positive working capital variation of said company, between the date of payment and the date of the option contract signature. Due to the sale of the shares, during 2009 ECUSA will have a book net profit after taxes of approximately MM$ 22,000. CCU owns directly or indirectly 99.94% of ECUSA’s equity. The accounting profit will be recorded in CCU’s Financial Statements as a Non Operating Income.
Under each license agreement, we have the exclusive right to produce, sell and distribute the respective licensed products in Chile. Generally, under our license agreements, we are required to maintain certain standards of quality with respect to the production of licensed products, to achieve certain levels of marketing and, in certain cases, to fulfill minimum sales requirements. We believe that we are in compliance with the material requirements of all our license agreements.
During 2006, 2007 and 2008, we sold our soft drink and mineral water products in the following packaging formats:
Soft Drinks and Nectars | Water | |||||||||||
Container | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||
Returnable (1) | 41% | 38% | 35% | 6% | 6% | 6% | ||||||
Non-Returnable (2) | 57% | 60% | 63% | 94% | 94% | 94% | ||||||
“Post-Mix” (3) | 2% | 2% | 2% | - | - | - | ||||||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | ||||||
___________ (1) Returnable soft drink containers include both glass and plastic bottles of assorted sizes. Returnable water containers include glass bottles of assorted sizes and returnable 19-liter jugs. | ||||||||||||
(2) Non-returnable soft drink containers include glass and plastic bottles, and aluminum cans of assorted sizes. Non-returnable water containers include plastic bottles of assorted sizes. | ||||||||||||
(3) Post-mix cylinders are sold specifically to on-premise locations for fountain machines. |
We manufacture most of our returnable and non-returnable plastic bottles and obtain all of our glass bottles and cans from third party suppliers. See “– Raw Materials” and “– Our Other Businesses”.
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We directly distribute our soft drinks and mineral water products throughout Chile to:
- off-premise retail: small and medium sized retail outlets, which in turn sell to consumers for take-out consumption;
- on-premise retail: retail establishments such as restaurants, hotels and bars for on-premise consumption;
- wholesalers; and
- supermarket chains.
In 2006, 2007 and 2008, the percentage mix of the above distribution channels for our soft drinks and mineral water products in Chile was as follows:
Percentage of Total Soft Drinks and | ||||||
Water Products Sold | ||||||
Distribution Channels | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Off-premise retail | 53% | 41% | 44% | |||
On-premise retail | 8% | 14% | 15% | |||
Wholesalers | 9% | 11% | 10% | |||
Supermarkets | 30% | 34% | 31% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
During 2008, we had no single customer that accounted for more than 2% of our sales by volume, with the exception of three large supermarket chains that represented a combined total of 28%. During 2008, the Chilean supermarket industry continued to consolidate, increasing the importance and purchasing power of a few supermarket chains. We do not maintain any long-term contractual arrangements for the sale of soft drinks and/or water with any of our customers.
The following table shows the sales volume of our soft drinks and water by category during each of the last three years (millions of liters):
Category | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Colas | ||||||
Licensed | 61.3 | 66.8 | 73.9 | |||
Non-colas | ||||||
Proprietary | 161.2 | 166.0 | 178.5 | |||
Licensed | 124.1 | 131.9 | 135.1 | |||
Nectars | 54.8 | 65.8 | 70.7 | |||
Soft Drinks Total | 401.4 | 430.4 | 458.1 | |||
Mineral Waters | ||||||
Cachantun | 110.0 | 107.7 | 112.2 | |||
Porvenir | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | |||
Purified Water | 3.4 | 4.0 | 5.1 | |||
Total Waters | 116.9 | 114.4 | 119.5 | |||
Total | 518.3 | 544.8 | 577.7 | |||
The following table shows the sales volume of our soft drinks by affiliation during each of the last three years (millions of liters):
Affiliation | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Proprietary (1) | 161.3 | 166.0 | 178.5 | |||
Schweppes | 112.2 | 119.5 | 120.7 | |||
PepsiCo | 73.2 | 79.2 | 88.2 | |||
Watt’s/Promarca (2) | 54.8 | 65.8 | 70.7 | |||
Total | 401.4 | 430.5 | 458.1 | |||
_____________ (1) As of December 2008 we own 80% of the rights to all the water brands held through the affiliate Aguas CCU Nestlé S.A. | ||||||
(2) As of December 2006, we own 50% of the rights to the Watt’s brand, currently held through our affiliate Promarca. |
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The average price, based on December 2008 Chilean pesos, per liter to our customers for soft drink products was almost constant from an average of Ch$350 in 2004 to Ch$355 in 2008. The four-year compounded annual growth rate increased 0.4% . For water products, the average price, based on December 2008 Chilean pesos, per liter increased from an average of Ch$271 in 2004 to Ch$296 in 2008 and experienced a four-year compounded annual growth rate of 2.2% .
Raw Materials. The principal raw materials used in the production of soft drinks are water, sugar, flavoring concentrates and in the case of carbonated products, carbon dioxide gas. We generally purchase our sugar requirements from Empresas Iansa S.A., the sole producer of sugar in Chile, and from imports. We purchase flavoring concentrates for our licensed soft drink brands from the respective licensing companies. See “– Our Soft Drinks and Mineral Water Production and Marketing in Chile”. Flavoring concentrates for our proprietary brands are purchased from third party suppliers in Chile and Germany, which manufacture the concentrates under contract with us. We obtain carbon dioxide gas from local suppliers in Chile.
We also require fruit pulp, juices, citric acid, other artificial and natural flavors, and chemical substances. Although water does not represent a major raw material cost, it is nonetheless essential in the production of soft drinks. We obtain all of our water from wells located at our plants and/or from public utilities. The water is treated at facilities located at our plants to remove impurities and adjust the characteristics of the water before it is added in the production process.
We own two mineral water sources in Chile from which the Cachantun and Porvenir brand mineral water products are obtained. These water sources are located in two areas near Santiago: Coinco and Casablanca, respectively. All of our mineral water products are bottled at their respective sources and distributed throughout the country. Purified water is produced with water pumped from our wells located in the plant.
We maintain testing facilities at each of our plants in order to analyze raw materials. Additionally, samples of soft drinks and water are inspected at various stages of production to ensure product quality.
We generally purchase all of the glass bottles used in packaging soft drinks and mineral water from the major supplier in Chile, Cristalerías Chile. Other sources, principally in Argentina, Peru and Colombia, can be used when price and delivery terms are favorable; however, no significant purchases were made in either of these countries during 2008. While aluminum cans used in packaging our soft drinks are generally purchased from a local supplier, we manufacture most of our own plastic returnable and non-returnable bottles from imported polyethylene terephthalate resins, or PET, which we purchase from various suppliers. See “– Our Other Businesses”. We obtain the labels for our soft drinks and water products principally from local suppliers. Crowns and plastic caps are principally purchased from two suppliers in Chile.
Prices of principal raw materials used in soft drink production in Chile are tied to the U.S. dollar and have not been volatile, except for PET resins that depend on oil prices as well as market factors, and sugar due to market factors.
We believe that all of the contracts or other agreements between us and third party suppliers with respect to the supply of raw materials for soft drinks and water products contain standard and customary commercial terms and conditions. Without considering the soft drinks concentrates purchased from Schweppes Holdings Ltd. and PepsiCo under the license agreements described under “– Our Soft Drinks and Mineral Water Production and Marketing in Chile”, we believe we are not dependent on any one supplier for a significant portion of our raw materials. Historically, we have experienced no significant difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices and expect that we will be able to continue to in the future.
Sales, Transportation and Distribution in Chile. ECUSA manages its own sales force that is directly responsible for the exclusive servicing of soft drinks and water clients in all the cities in the center of Chile and Concepciión, that is , in the territories not covered by Comercial CCU or Comercial Patagona. The ECUSA sales force of 327 salesmen as of December 2008, directly sells to approximately 57,000 customers
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In October 2005, we launched Comercial CCU S.A., the subsidiary in charge of a single sales force dedicated to selling all of our beverage and sweet snack products, so as to capture synergies and focus on sales execution. Originally, this plan was piloted in the rural areas and small cities in southern Chile. As of 2008, the territory covered by Commercial CCU S.A. has expanded to include the north of Chile from Arica to Copiapó/Vallenar and the south, from Curicó to Coyaique except for the City of Concepción. SeeBusiness Overview-Summary-Distribution Network
Our Chilean soft drinks and mineral water customers make payments for our products either in cash at the time of delivery or in accordance with one of our credit arrangements. Payment on credit sales is generally due 33 days from the date of delivery. Credit sales accounted for 41%, 42% and 43% of ECUSA’s soft drink and water sales to third parties in Chile in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Losses on credit sales of soft drinks and mineral water in Chile have not been significant.
Seasonality in Chile.Due to the seasonality of sales for both soft drinks and water products, our sales and production volumes are normally at their lowest in the second and third calendar quarters and at their highest in the first and fourth calendar quarters (i.e., those months corresponding to holidays and summer vacation season in Chile).
The following table shows our annual sales volume of soft drinks and water by quarter for the last three years:
Soft Drinks & Water | ||||||
% of Annual | ||||||
Year | Quarter | Sales Volume | Sales Volume | |||
(million liters) | ||||||
2006 | 1stquarter | 141.2 | 27.2 | |||
2ndquarter | 106.7 | 20.6 | ||||
3rdquarter | 115.2 | 22.2 | ||||
4thquarter | 155.2 | 29.9 | ||||
Total | 518.3 | 100.0 | ||||
2007 | 1stquarter | 151.2 | 27.8 | |||
2ndquarter | 106.6 | 19.6 | ||||
3rdquarter | 117.8 | 21.6 | ||||
4thquarter | 169.2 | 31.1 | ||||
Total | 544.9 | 100.0 | ||||
2008 | 1stquarter | 172.2 | 29.8 | |||
2ndquarter | 116.4 | 20.2 | ||||
3rdquarter | 122.6 | 21.2 | ||||
4thquarter | 166.5 | 28.8 | ||||
Total | 577.7 | 100.0 | ||||
Competition in Chile.Our principal competitors in the soft drink business are companies, which produce, bottle and distribute soft drinks in Chile under licenses from The Coca-Cola Company and its affiliates. The Coca-Cola Company’s products are produced, bottled and distributed in Chile through three separate licensees which market soft drinks under the Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Light, Coca-Cola Zero, Fanta, Fanta Light, Sprite, Sprite Zero, Quatro Light, Nordic Mist, Taí, Andina nectars and juices, and Kapo juice brand names. According to store audits conducted by Nielsen, Coca-Cola and related brands accounted for approximately 67% of total carbonated soft drink sales volume in 2008. However, calculations made by us are higher than the Nielsen estimates. During 1998, a few supermarket chains began selling soft drinks products under private labels. Additionally, discount brand producers entered the market and represented, along with private labels, approximately 9% of the soft drink market in 2008 according to Nielsen. However, calculations made by us are higher than the Nielsen estimates. Even though these brands are not a significant portion of the industry, they may increase their presence in the future.
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Since the formation of ECUSA, our market share has decreased as a consequence of increasing marketing activity on the part of our competitors and the entrance of private labels and discount brand producers to the market. During 2008, our market share was approximately 23%.
Our market share for our carbonated soft drink products over the last five years is presented in the following table based on store audits conducted by Nielsen and our own estimates. These Nielsen results are, for each year, higher than our own estimates.
Our Chilean Carbonated Soft Drink Market Share | ||||
Year | Nielsen | Company Estimates (*) | ||
2004 | 22% | 19% | ||
2005 | 22% | 18% | ||
2006 | 22% | 18% | ||
2007 | 23% | 19% | ||
2008 | 23% | 19% | ||
___________________ (*) Based on our sales data, publicly available information from competitors, equity research analyst reports, information from Nielsen and ANBER. |
Our domestic competitors in the soft drinks business have benefited from both internationally recognized brand labels (especially with regard to the Coca-Cola product line) and a large number of local bottling companies distributing their products throughout Chile. As a result of the formation of ECUSA, we also similarly benefited from the internationally recognized Pepsi brand as well as our previous competitive strengths, which include a portfolio of nationally well known brands and a nationwide distribution system. Additionally, during 2002, we launched Bilz Light, Pap Light, Agua Tónica Light and Gatorade, the world’s number one isotonic drink. Gatorade is classified as a functional product, since in addition to refreshing, it hydrates the body and replenishes mineral salts lost during sports or other physical activities. In April 2003, we introduced to the market Kem Xtreme, a soft drink with a high level of caffeine, which also is considered a functional product because it gives more energy. In September 2004, we launched Canada Dry Ginger Ale Light, and in October 2004, we re-launched Nobis, a traditional proprietary soft drink brand, to be used strategically against discount brands. In September 2006, we launched Canada Dry Limón Soda Light. In January 2007, we introduced two new products into the market: (i) Slice by Kem, a tropical fruit flavored soft drink, and (ii) SoBe Adrenaline Rush, an energy drink sold under PepsiCo license. In November 2007, we entered into a new product category, ice tea, with the brand Lipton Ice Tea, produced under the PepsiCo license. During 2008 we introduced Propel from PepsiCo, Watt’s Soya from Promarca (50% owned by us) , and Nestlé Pure Life, a well-known purified water brand, in order to place ourselves in a leading position in the healthy foods market.
Given the high percentage of soft drink sales volume in returnable containers coupled with the high cost of transportation to Chile, the market for imported soft drinks in Chile is not significant and accounted for less than 1% of total sales by volume in 2008. While there are no legal barriers to entry, we believe that the existing returnable bottle system and high transportation costs may continue to deter potential competitors from exporting soft drinks to Chile.
Fruit nectars under the trade name “Watt’s”, a segment of our soft drink business, face competition from other liquid and powdered juices, which are provided by a variety of local companies. After five years from the re-launch of Watt’s nectar, we have attained our sixth year as market leader in the bottled category of nectars, with a market share of 53% during 2008, according to Nielsen.
Our main competitor in the mineral water business is Vital S.A. (a subsidiary of Embotelladora Andina S.A., one of The Coca-Cola Company licensees in Chile). We estimate that our sales of Cachantun and Porvenir brand mineral waters accounted for approximately 61%, while those of Vital S.A. products accounted for approximately 34% of total mineral water sales by volume in 2008. Small domestic bottlers, private labels, as well as imported mineral water products, comprise the remaining 5% sales volume.
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The following chart shows estimates of our mineral water market share for the last five years based on store audits conducted by Nielsen and our own estimates. These Nielsen results are, for each year, higher than our own estimates.
Our Chilean Mineral Water Market Share | ||||
Year | Nielsen | Company Estimates (*) | ||
2004 | 64% | 57% | ||
2005 | 67% | 62% | ||
2006 | 72% | 67% | ||
2007 | 69% | 63% | ||
2008 | 66% | 61% | ||
(*) Based on our sales data, publicly available information from competitors, equity research analyst reports, information from Nielsen and ANBER. Does not consider Glacier and/or Nestlé Pure Life purified water sales. |
Our Wine Business
Overview. We entered the Chilean wine market in October 1994 with the purchase of 48.4% of VSPT’s equity for approximately Ch$17,470 million, thereby acquiring an interest in the third largest winery in Chile (formerly VSP). During the first half of 1995, VSPT’s capital was increased by approximately Ch$14,599 million, of which we contributed approximately Ch$7,953 million. During August-October 1997, VSPT’s capital was increased again by approximately Ch$11,872 million, of which we contributed approximately Ch$6,617 million, plus approximately Ch$191 million in additional shares bought during October 1997 in the local stock market. Furthermore, in October 1998 and during 1999, we purchased additional shares in VSPT through the local stock exchanges for an amount of approximately Ch$5,526 million. During March-June 1999, VSPT’s capital was increased by approximately Ch$17,464 million, of which we contributed approximately Ch$10,797 million. Between November 2000 and March 2001, VSPT’s capital was increased by approximately Ch$22,279 million, of which we contributed approximately Ch$13,402 million. During October and November 2005, VSPT’s capital was increased by approximately Ch$346 million. We did not participate in this capital increase. Between April and June 2007, VSPT’s capital was increased by approximately Ch$13,692 million, of which we contributed approximately Ch$5,311 million. On December 3, 2008, the extraordinary shareholders’ meetings of Viña San Pedro (VSP) and Viña Tarapacá (VT) approved the merger of both companies. The merged company was named “Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. (VSPT)”, and started operating on December 9, 2008 but consolidating its financial statements with ours since October 1, 2008. In December 2008, VSPT’s capital was increased, as a consequence of the merge, by issuing 15,987,878,653 shares to be exchanged for the total number of shares issued by Viña Tarapacá at a ratio of 1,480.30828 new VSPT shares per each of the absorbed company. As a result of these activities, in December 2008, our total ownership interest in VSPT was 50%.
We believe that expansion into the Chilean wine business provides us with the opportunity to further exploit our nationwide distribution system through the expansion of our beverage portfolio. We also believe that further development of our domestic wine business may help reduce the seasonality of our sales, as wine sales in Chile tend to be stronger during the winter months when beer and soft drinks consumption decline.
The proceeds from VSPT’s capital increase during 1995 were used to reduce debt, expand capacity and add new hectares of vineyards in the Maipo Valley for producing premium red wines. Part of VSPT’s capital increase during 1997 was used to add new hectares of vineyards in Requinoa, Chépica and Molina during 1997, and in Pencahue during 1998. These purchases of land more than doubled the number of hectares of our vineyards. The winery also increased its total vinification and wine storage capacity in both tanks and barrels from to 52.1 million liters as of December 31, 1998, to 62.1 million liters as of December 31, 2007, as well as its peak bottling and packaging capacity from 35,100 liters per hour in 1998 to 67,500 liters per hour as of December 31, 2007. As a result of the merger with Viña Tarapacá in December 2008, the vinification and storage capacity grew by approximately 50%, to 52 and 92 million liters respectively. Likewise, the bottling and packing capacity increased to 75,300 liters an hour in Chile. The capital increase in 1999, was used to pay debts related to the winery’s expansion process. The proceeds from VSPT’s capital increase during November 2000 and March 2001 were used to finance the winery’s acquisition of FLC, in Mendoza, Argentina, to plant the hectares of this new winery and improve its production facilities, as well as to refinance debt. The proceeds from VSPT’s 2007 capital increase were used mainly to acquire shares in Viña Altaïr S.A. and Viña Tabalí S.A. due to respective increases in the capital of both of these entities, to acquire from Château Dassault the remaining interest in Viña Altaïr S.A. and for working capital.
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In December 2001, Viña Santa Helena, or VSH, created its own commercial and productive winemaking operation, distinct from its parent, VSPT, under the Viña Santa Helena label in the Colchagua Valley.
In August 2003, VSPT formed Viña Tabalí S.A., a joint venture in equal parts with Sociedad Agrícola y Ganadera Río Negro Ltda. for the production of premium wines. This winery is located in the Limarí valley, Chile’s northernmost winemaking region, which is noted for the production of outstanding wines. In January 2007, Viña Tabalí S.A. acquired Viña Leyda, a boutique winery located in the Leyda Valley that produces well-regarded quality wines. Consequently, Viña Tabalí S.A. changed its name to Viña Valles de Chile S.A.
In October 2004, VSPT acquired the well-known Manquehuito Pop Wine brand, a sparkling fruit-flavored wine with low alcohol content, broadening its range of products.
In September 2007, VSPT bought a 50% interest in Viña Altaïr S.A. which belonged to Château Dassault, in line with our strategy of focusing on premium wines. As a consequence VSPT owns indirectly owns 100% of said company.
At VSPT’s Extraordinary Shareholders meeting held on July 7, 2005, the shareholders voted to increase the number of board members from 7 to 9 and approved a capital increase that will be partially used for stock option programs.
In December 2008, Viña San Pedro (VSP) and Viña Tarapacá (VT) merged and created a new wine group, Viña San Pedro Tarapacá (VSPT). VSPT is formed by the wineries San Pedro, Tarapacá, Santa Helena, Misiones de Rengo, Altaïr, Viña Mar, Casa Rivas, Finca La Celia, Bodega Tamarí, Viña Leyda and Tabalí. These are all important and renowned cellars in Chile and Argentina, each with its own distinctive brands, and they represent the best wines these terroirs can deliver. Currently VSPT is the second largest Chilean wine exporter and the third most important player in this market.
VSPT is an open stock corporation that, at December 31, 2008, had a market capitalization of Ch$147,888 million. VSPT’s shares trade on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaíso Stock Exchange and the Chile Electronic Stock Exchange.
The Chilean Wine Market.We estimate that wine consumption in Chile amounted to approximately 14 liters per capita in 2008. Given that the Chilean wine industry is fragmented, no single wine producer accounts for the majority of production and/or sales. The leading wineries include, other than VSPT, Viña Concha y Toro S.A., or Concha y Toro, Viña Santa Rita S.A., or Santa Rita and Bodegas y Viñedos Santa Carolina S.A., or Santa Carolina. In addition, there are numerous medium-sized wineries, including Viña Undurraga S.A., or Undurraga, Cousiño Macul S.A., or Cousiño Macul,and Viña Cánepa y Cía., or Cánepa and Viña Montes. All wineries, which sell wine products that comply with industry and tax regulations, make up Chile’s formal wine market. VSPT is a member of the formal wine market, as are most other principal wineries in Chile. The SAG is the entity in charge of wine industry regulation and principally oversees inventory records and product quality. We estimate that the formal market wineries produced and sold approximately 239 million liters of wine during 2008.
The following chart shows our estimates for the formal wine market and per capita consumption levels for wine in Chile for the last five years:
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Year | Total Volume (1) | Per Capita (2) | ||
(millions of liters) | (liters) | |||
2004 | 274 | 17 | ||
2005 | 265 | 16 | ||
2006 | 238 | 14 | ||
2007 | 244 | 15 | ||
2008 | 239 | 14 | ||
________________________ Sources: SAG until 2006, Central Bank and the Wineries of Chile Association,competitors public information and Nielsen. | ||||
(1) Includes wine sales from pisco producers in the III and IV Regions of Chile. | ||||
(2) Population estimated in accordance with the national census of April 2002. |
Wines in Chile can be segmented by product type. Chilean wineries produce and sell premium, varietals and popular-priced wines within the domestic market. Premium wines and many of the varietal wines are produced from high quality grapes, aged and packaged in glass bottles. Popular-priced wines are usually produced using non-varietal grapes and are not aged. These products are generally sold in either cartons or jug packaging.
VSPT’s Production and Marketing. VSPT (formerly VSP) was founded in 1865. Its principal vineyards are located in Molina, approximately 200 kilometers south of Santiago. The VSPT estate in Molina is one of the largest single-site vineyards in Chile with an area of 1,200 hectares. As of December 31, 2008, VSPT’s vineyards covered an aggregate of 3,504 hectares in Chile, distributed among ten different plantations. The winery also has 469 hectares under long-term lease. In Argentina, we have another 412 hectares located in the province of Mendoza.
VSPT is one of Chile’s largest producers and distributors of wine in terms of sales volume and net sales. In 2006, 2007 and 2008 our wine segment sales amounted to Ch$89,177 million, Ch$94,746 million and Ch$99,560 million representing 14.0%, 13.8% and 12.7% of our total net sales, respectively.
The following chart indicates the breakdown of VSPT’s volume in the domestic and export markets, including sales in Argentina:
Year | Domestic Volume | Export Volume | Total Volume (1) | |||
(million liters) | (million liters) | (million liters) | ||||
2004 | 52.1 | 54.3 | 106.3 | |||
2005 | 54.3 | 51.4 | 105.7 | |||
2006 | 47.5 | 46.7 | 94.2 | |||
2007 | 50.2 | 55.5 | 105.8 | |||
2008 | 50.7 | 50.3 | 101.0 | |||
(1) Includes bulk sales exports in Chile and Argentina |
We estimate that VSPT’s share by volume of Chile’s formal wine market was approximately 19% in 2006, 19% in 2007 and 21% in 2008. According to the Wineries of Chile Association, VSPT’s share of Chile’s total wine export sales by volume was 11% in 2006, 10% in 2007 and 10% in 2008.
VSPT, VSH, Viña Altair , Viña Mar, Viña Misiones de Rengo , Bodega Tamarí and Finca La Celia, produce and market premium, varietal and popular-priced wines as set forth below:
Brand | Icon | Premium | Varietal | Popular-priced | ||||
Viña San Pedro Tarapacá | ||||||||
Cabo de Hornos | X | |||||||
1865 | X | |||||||
Gran Reserva Etiqueta Negra | X |
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Tarapacá Gran Reserva | X | |||||||
Tarapacá Zavala | X | |||||||
Castillo de Molina | X | |||||||
Gran Tarapacá | X | |||||||
Tarapacá Terroir | X | |||||||
Las Encinas | X | |||||||
Tarapacá Reserva | X | |||||||
35 South | X | |||||||
Urmeneta | X | |||||||
Gato | X | X | ||||||
Tarapacá Varietal | X | |||||||
Manquehuito Pop Wine | X | |||||||
Tradición de Familia | X | |||||||
Etiqueta Dorada | X | |||||||
Viña Santa Helena | ||||||||
D.O.N. (De Origen Noble) | X | |||||||
Notas de Guarda | X | |||||||
Vernus | X | |||||||
Selección del Directorio | X | |||||||
Santa Helena Reserva | X | |||||||
Santa Helena Varietal | X | |||||||
Siglo de Oro | X | |||||||
Gran Vino | X | |||||||
Viña Misiones de Rengo | ||||||||
Misiones de Rengo Cuvée | X | |||||||
Misiones de Rengo Reserva | X | |||||||
Misiones de Rengo Varietal | X | |||||||
Viña Mar | ||||||||
Viña Mar Reserva especial | X | |||||||
Casa Rivas reserva | X | |||||||
Viña Altaïr | ||||||||
Altaïr | X | |||||||
Sideral | X | |||||||
Bodega Tamarí | ||||||||
Malbec Reserve | X | |||||||
Torrontes Reserva | X | |||||||
Malbec Varietal | X | |||||||
Finca La Celia | ||||||||
Supremo | X | |||||||
La Celia | X | |||||||
La Consulta | X | |||||||
Furia | X |
The following table presents our breakdown of total sales volume in thousands of liters by category of VSPT’s Chilean wines during 2008:
Category | Domestic | Export | Total | |||
(thousands of liters) | ||||||
Premium | 1,076 | 5,651 | 6,727 | |||
Varietal | 1,986 | 26,939 | 28,925 | |||
Popular-Priced | 46,311 | 4,807 | 51,119 | |||
Bulk | 0 | 6,798 | 6,798 | |||
Total | 49,374 | 44,195 | 93,569 | |||
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The following table presents our breakdown of total sales volume in thousands of liters by category of VSPT’s Argentine wines during 2008:
Category | Domestic | Export | Total | |||
(thousands of liters) | ||||||
Premium | 31 | 260 | 291 | |||
Varietal | 150 | 1,218 | 1,368 | |||
Popular-Priced | 1,155 | 2,243 | 3,398 | |||
Bulk | 25 | 2,370 | 2,395 | |||
Total | 1,362 | 6,091 | 7,452 | |||
As of December 31, 2008, VSPT’s storage capacity totaled 91.6 million liters and its peak bottling and packaging capacity totaled 81,300 liters per hour.
Domestic Market. Our Chilean domestic wine is packaged in bottles, jugs, cartons, and bag-in-box containers at VSPT’s production facilities in Lontué and Molina. The following chart shows our packaging mix for domestic wine sales for the last three years:
Percentage of Total Domestic | ||||||
Wine Sold in Chile | ||||||
Container | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Carton | 77% | 75% | 76% | |||
Jug | 0% | 0% | 0% | |||
Glass Bottles | 21% | 24% | 23% | |||
Bag-in-Box | 1% | 1% | 0% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
VSPT obtained all of its glass bottles, carton package containers and jugs from third party suppliers. See “– Raw Materials”.
Beer is the principal substitute product for wine in Chile. In addition, our wine products may also compete with other alcoholic beverages, such as spirits (mainly pisco), and with non-alcoholic beverages, such as soft drinks and juices.
The average price, based on December 2008 Chilean pesos, for our domestic wine customers was Ch$544 and Ch$635 per liter in 2004 and 2008, respectively, experiencing a four-year compounded annual growth rate of 3.9% . Our wine price policy is mainly determined as a consequence of four factors: a) market prices, b) change in sales mix, c) inflation rate and d) desired profit margin in relation to costs of raw materials.
Export Market.According to industry sources, exports of Chilean wine increased from approximately 43 million liters in 1990 to 589 million liters in 2008, at a compounded annual growth rate of 15.6% . During 2007 and 2008, Chilean wine exports reached 607 million liters and 589 million liters, respectively. This decrease is due to the deterioration in the economic conditions of Chile’s key export markets. We believe that Chilean wine exports have grown steadily due to their comparatively low prices and positive international image, as well as due to external factors, such as low wine production in the Northern Hemisphere in certain years.
VSPT exported 46.7 million liters, 55.5 million liters and 50.3. million liters of wine in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. During 2008, VSPT exported wine to 74 countries worldwide. These exports accounted for net sales of Ch$55,799 million, Ch$57,890 million and Ch$60,382 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2008, VSP’s primary export markets included the United Kingdom, the United States, Finland, Brazil and Sweden.
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Most exported wine is sold in glass bottles, except for a certain quantity of unbranded wine that is occasionally sold in bulk and the amount that is sold in bag-in-box containers. The following chart shows our packaging mix for export Chilean wine volume in the last three years:
Percentage of Total Export | ||||||
Wine Volume from Chile | ||||||
Container | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Glass Bottles (1) | 65% | 63% | 69% | |||
Bulk | 14% | 23% | 15% | |||
Carton | 20% | 14% | 16% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
__________ (1) Includes jugs |
We experienced a negative four-year compounded annual growth rate of 0.5% from Ch$1,254 in 2004 to Ch$1,228 per liter in 2008 in the average price, based on December 2008 Chilean pesos, to our Chilean export wine customers.
Raw Materials. The principal raw materials and packaging materials that VSPT uses in its production process are purchased and harvested grapes, purchased wine, bottles, carton containers, corks and cardboard boxes. VSPT obtained approximately 64% of the grapes used for export wines from its own vineyards during 2008. The majority of the wine sold in the domestic market is purchased from third parties, tested to assure compliance with our quality standards, and blended at the winery before packaging. In 2008, approximately 90% of the wine used in domestic sales was purchased from ten local producers: Corretajes Torres y Cía. Ltda., Agrícola y Comercial Bodegas Las Mercedes Ltda., CPCh, Exportadora de Mostos y Vinos Jucosol Ltda, Vinos Don Marcial Ltda, Santa Teresa S.A., Sociedad Agrícola Comercial e Industrial Urcelay Hermanos Ltda, Viña Saavedra Ltda, Agrícola Comercial y Vitivinícola Los Tilos Ltda. and Vinícola Patacón Ltda. VSPT has various alternative sources of supply, which can be used when they are attractive. VSPT’s bottles are principally purchased from Cristalerías Chile; however, when prices have been favorable, VSPT has purchased bottles from other local and international suppliers. Carton containers are purchased either from Tetra Pak de Chile Comercial Ltda. or from SIG Combibloc Inc. and are assembled in VSPT’s own automated packing lines.
The prices of the principal raw materials used in the production of wine in Chile have experienced some recent volatility. In addition, from time to time, prices of grapes and wine can vary depending on fluctuations in demand and supply factors.
Domestic Sales, Transportation and Distribution. After production, bottling, and packaging, wine is either stored at the production facilities or transported to one of the 17 warehouses. The warehouses are part of our warehouse network and are located throughout Chile. VSPT wines is distributed and sold in Chile through our sales and distribution network, under the same system and payment terms as all our other products (beer in Chile, non-alcoholic beverages, spirits and confectionery).See BusinessOverview-Summary-Distribution Network
We distribute our wine products throughout Chile, in the territories not covered by Comercial CCU or Comercial Patagona, with our own sales force,to:
- off-premise retail: small and medium sized retail outlets, which in turn sell wine to consumers for take-out consumption;
- on-premise retail: retail establishments such as restaurants, hotels and bars for on-premise consumption;
- wholesalers; and
- supermarket chains.
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For the last three years, the percentage mix of the above distribution channels for our wine products in Chile was as follows:
Percentage of Total Wine Products Sold | ||||||
Distribution Channels | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Off-premise retail | 25% | 25% | 26% | |||
On-premise retail | 2% | 4% | 4% | |||
Wholesalers | 33% | 33% | 32% | |||
Supermarkets | 40% | 39% | 38% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
VSPT sales force of 60 salesmen as of December 2008, sells our wine products directly to approximately 10,000 customers, none of which accounted for more than 3% of our total wine sales by volume, with the exception of two supermarket chains that represented 19%. We do not maintain any long-term contractual arrangements for the sale of wine with any of our customers.
Export Sales, Transportation and Distribution.VSPT has arrangements with agents who facilitate the export of its wine to more than 80 countries. In 2008, the Swedish company Vin and Sprit AB was purchased by Pernod Ricard and we confirmed the distribution agreement signed in 2007, to distribute VSPT’s wines in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Estonia. We have signed distribution agreements with Shaw Ross International a subsidiary of Southern Wine and Spirits, the main liquor wholesale distributor for the United States and recognized as the best U.S. importer by Wine Enthusiast Magazine, with Schenk for Belgium and Switzerland, one of the largest distributors in Europe. In Canada we have distribution agreements with Corbys and in Korea with Keumyang as well as other distributors. In 2007, we began distributing with Les Grands Chais de France in the United Kingdom, France and Germany.
Geographical Markets. In Chile, Santiago and surrounding areas (referred to as the Metropolitan Region), which account for approximately 40% of the Chilean population, represented approximately 42% of total domestic sales of VSPT products by volume in 2008.
The following table provides the distribution of VSPT’s exports from Chile during 2008 by geographical markets: Percentage
Percentage | ||||
Market | Volume (1) | of Total Exports | ||
(thousands of liters) | ||||
Europe | 17,608 | 47% | ||
Latin America | 6,393 | 17% | ||
USA and Canada | 10,340 | 28% | ||
Others | 3,169 | 8% | ||
Total | 37,510 | 100.0% | ||
(1) Excludes bulk exports |
Competition. The wine industry is highly competitive in both the domestic and the export markets. VSPT’s domestic market share was approximately 21% in 2008. In Chile, VSPT competes directly against all other Chilean wineries. We believe that VSPT’s primary domestic competitors, Concha y Toro and Santa Rita, derive their relative competitive strengths from their wide portfolio of products, well recognized brand names and established distribution networks. In 2008, Santa Rita and Concha y Toro had a market share of approximately 29% and 30%, respectively. VSPT also competes with Santa Carolina and numerous medium-sized wineries, including Undurraga and Cousiño Macul, and many small wine producers that make up Chile’s “informal market”.
Internationally, VSPT competes against Chilean producers as well as with wine producers from other parts of the world. According to information compiled by the Wineries of Chile Association, VSPT is the second largest exporter of Chilean wines with a market share of approximately 10% in 2008, excluding bulk wine. Our other principal Chilean competitors, namely Concha y Toro, Santa Rita and Santa Carolina had market shares of 37%, 6% and 4%, respectively.
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Our Spirits Business
Overview. In February 2003, we added a new product to our beverage portfolio, pisco, which began selling under the brand Ruta Norte, and which was produced by our subsidiary Pisconor S.A. Pisco is a grape spirit very popular in Chile that is produced in the northern part of the country and the southern part of Peru. Our pisco was produced in the Elqui Valley in the IV Region of Chile and it was sold throughout the country by our beer division sales force. During 2003, we participated in the 35% alcohol category, the larger of the pisco markets. In January 2004, we introduced Ruta Sour, a traditional Chilean drink that combines pisco, lemon and sugar, and in November 2004 we launched Ruta Sour Light, a cocktail with less sugar and a lower alcohol content than Ruta Sour.
In March 2005, we entered into an association agreement with the second largest pisco producer in Chile, Control. A new entity was created under the name of “Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A.”, and each company contributed assets and commercial brands. As part of this agreement, we assumed some of Control’s financial liabilities. Currently we own 80% of Compañía Pisquera de Chile and Control owns the remaining 20%.
In May 2007, we added a new spirit category, rum, the second most consumed spirit in Chile and the fastest growing spirit category during the last six years. The alcohol to produce the rum is imported and we finish the production process locally. We sell rum under our proprietary brand “Sierra Morena” in four varieties: Añejado, Extra Añejado, Blanco and Imperial.
The Chilean Pisco and Rum Markets. Traditionally, beer, wine and pisco have been the principal alcoholic beverages consumed in Chile. During the last seven years, rum consumption has been growing. We estimate that annual pisco consumption in Chile was 38 million liters, or approximately 2.3 liters per capita in 2008. In addition, we estimate that annual rum consumption in Chile was 16 million liters, or approximately 1 liter per capita during 2008.
The table below sets forth our estimates of pisco and rum consumption in Chile during each of the last five years:
Year | Total Pisco Sales Volume (1) | Pisco per Capita (2) | Total Rum Sales Volume (1) | Rum per Capita (2) | ||||
(in millions of liters) | (liters) | (in millions of liters) | (liters) | |||||
2004 | 45 | 2.8 | 4 | 0.3 | ||||
2005 | 47 | 2.9 | 6 | 0.3 | ||||
2006 | 42 | 2.6 | 9 | 0.5 | ||||
2007 | 40 | 2.4 | 12 | 0.7 | ||||
2008 | 38 | 2.3 | 16 | 1.0 | ||||
________________ (1)Based on our sales data and information from Nielsen. | ||||||||
(2)Population estimated in accordance with the national census of April 2002. |
We estimate that total pisco consumption in Chile decreased at a four-year compounded annual growth rate of 4.1% between 2004 and 2008. During 2008, the pisco market decreased 5.0%, due to higher competition from substitutes, mainly rum, and significant price increases. We estimate that total rum consumption in Chile increased at a four-year compounded annual growth rate of 41.4% between 2004 and 2008. During 2008, the rum market increased 33.3% from the prior year, due to higher preference from consumers and higher prices of pisco.
Wholesale and retail prices of pisco are not regulated in Chile. Wholesale prices are subject to negotiation between the producer and the purchaser. Retailers establish the final consumer price. We believe that the key factors determining retailer prices include national and/or local price promotions offered by the producer, the nature of product consumption (on-premise or take-out), the applicable tax structure, the desired profit margins and the geographical location of the retailer.
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Spirits Production and Marketing in Chile. Our production of spirits in Chile generated net sales of Ch$39,248 million, Ch$43,377 million and Ch$41,888 million representing 6.1%, 6.3% and 5.4% of our total net sales in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The increases experienced during these periods, are mainly due to the agreement we entered into with Control in March 2005, and our entry into the rum market.
We produce and market ultra premium, premium, medium-priced and popular-priced pisco brands in Chile, as well as premium and medium-priced rum. The following table shows our principal pisco brands:
Ultra premium | Premium | Medium-priced | Medium-priced | Popular-priced | ||||
pisco brands | pisco brands | pisco brands | RTD brands | pisco brands | ||||
Control C | Mistral | Campanario | Campanario Sour | La Serena | ||||
Mistral Nobel | Ruta Norte | Campanario Sour Light | ||||||
Tres Erres | Campanario Pica | |||||||
Horcón Quemado | Campanario Mango | |||||||
Campanario Mango Light | ||||||||
Campanario Berries | ||||||||
Campanario Chirimoya Colada | ||||||||
Campanario Melon Colada | ||||||||
Campanario Melon Tuna Colada | ||||||||
Campanario Cola de Mono | ||||||||
Campanario Vaina | ||||||||
Ruta Sour | ||||||||
Ruta Sour Pica | ||||||||
Ruta Sour Light | ||||||||
Ruta Sour Mango | ||||||||
Ruta Sour Berries | ||||||||
Ruta Piña Colada |
After the completion of the Compañía Pisquera de Chile transaction with Control, we expanded our proprietary brands portfolio considerably, adding to our Ruta Norte brand family (that represented 16% of our pisco sales volume during 2008), our Campanario brand family in the mainstream and sour categories (accounting for 45% of our pisco sales), as well as Control C, Mistral Nobel and Tres Erres in the ultra premium segment, Mistral in the premium segment and La Serena in the convenience category.
In the rum market, our proprietary brands are Sierra Morena Añejado in the medium-priced segment, Sierra Morena Extra Añejado in the premium segment and Sierra Morena Imperial in the ultra-premium segment.
All of our spirits are bottled in non-returnable glass bottles at our production facilities. We obtain all of our glass bottles from third-party suppliers. See “– Raw Materials”.
We distribute our spirits directly throughout Chile to:
- supermarket chains,
- off-premise retail: small and medium sized retail outlets, which in turn sell spirits to consumers for take-out consumption;
- on-premise retail: retail establishments such as restaurants, hotels and bars for on-premise consumption; and
- wholesalers.
In 2006, 2007 and 2008, the percentage of spirits sales attributable to each of these distribution channels in Chile was as follows:
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Percentage of Total Spirits Sold | ||||||
Distribution Channels | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Supermarkets | 48% | 45% | 44% | |||
Off-premise retail | 25% | 28% | 27% | |||
On-premise retail | 5% | 7% | 6% | |||
Wholesalers | 22% | 20% | 23% | |||
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
As of December 31, 2008, we had more than 15,000 customers for our spirits in Chile, none of whom accounted for more than 2% of our total spirits sales by volume, with the exception of four large supermarket chains that represented a combined total of 32%. During 2008, the Chilean supermarket industry continued to consolidate, increasing the importance and purchasing power of a few supermarket chains. We do not maintain any long-term contractual arrangements for the sale of spirits with any of our customers in Chile.
The following table sets forth our pisco sales volume in Chile, by category, during each of the last four years:
Category | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||
(in millions of liters) | ||||||||
Ultra premium | - | - | 0.5 | 0.2 | ||||
Premium | 3.7 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.6 | ||||
Medium-priced | 7.5 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 3.3 | ||||
Medium-priced mix (1) | 6.3 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.7 | ||||
Popular-priced | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||||
Total | 20.3 | 20.5 | 20.2 | 18.1 | ||||
(1) Sours and Cream cocktails |
The average price, based on December 2008 Chilean pesos, for our spirits in Chile has increased at a four-year compounded annual rate of 6.6%, from Ch$1,524 per liter in 2004 to Ch$1,969 per liter in 2008.
In 2008, our spirits were produced at four plants which are located in the Third and Fourth Regions of Chile. The bottling process was done in one bottling facility. Only Horcón Quemado is produced and bottled in a third-party plant.
Raw Materials. The principal raw and packaging materials used in our production of pisco and rum are purchased grapes, purchased wine, cane alcohol, bottles, caps and cardboard boxes. Grapes are purchased under long-term contracts with members of Control. Nevertheless, various alternative sources of supply can be used when they are attractive. We principally purchased the bottles from Cristalerías Chile and Cristalerías Toro S.A.I.C.
Prices of principal raw materials used in pisco and rum production in Chile have not been volatile in the years covered by this report. However, from time to time, prices of grapes, wine and alcohol vary depending on demand and supply factors.
We believe that all of the contracts or other agreements between us and third party suppliers, with respect to the supply of raw materials for pisco and rum products, contain standard and customary commercial terms and conditions. We do not believe we are dependent on any one supplier for a significant portion of our important raw materials. During the past years, we have not experienced any material difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices, nor do we expect to in the future.
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Sales, Transportation and Distribution. We distribute all of our spirits in Chile directly to retail, supermarket and wholesale customers through CCU’s sales and distribution platform and with a dedicated sales force of 85 salesmen in the territories where Comercial CCU and/or Comercial Patagona do not operate. This system enables us to maintain frequent contact with our customers, obtain more timely and accurate marketing-related information, and maintain good working relationships with our retail customers.(See “Business Overview-Summary-Distribution Network”).
Since 2003, after production, bottling and packaging, our spirits are either stored at one of our production facilities or transported to a network of 17 warehouses which are located throughout Chile and are either owned or leased by us. These warehouses are part of CCU’s sales and distribution system.
Our customers make payment for our products either in cash at the time of delivery or in accordance with one of various credit arrangements. Payment on credit sales for spirits is generally due 55 days from the date of delivery. Credit sales accounted for 54% of our spirits sales in Chile in 2008. Losses on credit sales of spirits in Chile have not been significant.
Geographical Markets. Santiago and the surrounding areas (referred to as the Metropolitan Region) account for approximately 40% of the population of Chile and accounted for approximately 42% of our spirits sales by volume in 2008.
Competition.According to Nielsen figures our estimated share of the Chilean pisco market, over the last four years is as follows:
Year | Our Chilean Market Share for Pisco | |
2005 | 46% | |
2006 | 45% | |
2007 | 46% | |
2008 | 46% |
Our principal competitor in the pisco business is Cooperativa Agrícola Pisquera Elqui Ltda., or Capel, which is the market leader. According to Nielsen numbers, in 2008 we had 46% market share.
Our competitor Capel has nine production facilities located in the Third and Fourth Regions of Chile and distributes its products throughout the country. Capel uses its own sales force, as well as third party distributors. We estimate that the sales of Capel’s brands of pisco by volume accounted for approximately 53% of total pisco sales in 2007 and 52% in 2008, according to Nielsen figures. We estimate that Capel had an annual production capacity of approximately 50 million liters of pisco which represents more than twice of our annual nominal production capacity.
Pisco is a spirit that is produced only in the northern part of Chile and the southern part of Peru. For this reason, imported pisco is not a significant component of the Chilean pisco market. We estimate that imports accounted for less than 1% of total pisco sales by volume during 2008.
According to Nielsen calculations, our estimated average share of the Chilean rum market was 13% in 2008 and 9% for October-November 2007. Our principal competitors in the rum business are Mitjans S.A. and certain imported brands such as Pampero, Bacardi and Barceló.
Our Other Businesses
Plastic Bottles
Through our subsidiary Fábrica de Envases Plásticos S.A., or PLASCO, we own and operate a plastic bottle factory which supplies most of the returnable and non-returnable plastic bottles primarily used by us in the packaging of our soft drinks and mineral water products.
The manufacturing of both returnable and non-returnable plastic bottles involves a two-step process. The first step consists of an injection molding process, which manufactures pre-forms from PET resin. The second step involves blowing plastic bottles from the molded pre-forms. We purchase resin and complete the two-step process in order to fulfill the majority of our bottling requirements. In some cases, we purchase pre-forms manufactured by third party suppliers and complete only the bottle-blowing step at our own facilities.
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Starting 2008, PLASCO began selling pre-forms to Aguas CCU Nestlé which blows the pre-forms into bottles at its own production facilities in Santiago and Coinco.
Prices of principle raw materials required by our PLASCO subsidiary have not been volatile except for the PET resins that depend on oil prices as well as market factors. However, from time to time, prices of various materials vary depending on demand and supply factors.
In 2008, all pre-forms, returnable and non-returnable plastic bottle needs of ECUSA were supplied directly by PLASCO with the exception of five-liter bottles, which are bought by ECUSA in small quantities from third party suppliers. During 2008, PLASCO sold301 million bottles and72.4 million pre-forms. Of allbottlessupplied by PLASCO, approximately 97% of the pre-forms were manufactured and blown into bottles by PLASCO. Approximately 96% of all thepre-formssold were manufactured by PLASCO and later blown into bottles by Aguas CCU Nestlé . The remaining bottles and pre-forms were bought by PLASCO and then transferred to ECUSA. PLASCO has, to date, not made any bottle sales to third parties.
Plastic bottle and pre-form sales by volume increased from 346.3 million in 2007 to 373.4 million in 2008. PLASCO’s net sales of Ch$27,231 million, operating income of Ch$2,315 million and net income of Ch$818 million in 2008, represented an increase of 0.3%, and 11.5%, and a decrease of 39%, respectively, over 2007.
Confectionery
In January 2004, we entered the confectionery business by means of a joint venture between our subsidiary ECUSA (currently, this investment belongs to our subsidiary CCU Inversiones S.A.) and Empresas Lucchetti S.A. (currently, Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A.), a subsidiary of Quiñenco, with a 50% interest each in Calaf S.A. (which has been renamed “Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A.”), a corporation that acquired the trademarks, assets and know-how, among other things, of Calaf S.A.I.C. and Francisca Calaf S.A., traditional Chilean candy makers, renowned for more than a century. In August 2005, Calaf acquired the assets and know-how of Bortolaso S.A., a cookie factory with more than 50 years of existence in the country, enabling Calaf to increase its presence in the most important segment of the confectionery business. In October 2007, Calaf acquired the traditional cereal brand Natur, allowing Calaf to enter and commence growing in the quickly developing healthy foods category. In August 2008 Foods bought 50% of Alimentos Nutrabien S.A. the leading company in home-made sweet snacks products. The three brands — Calaf, Natur and Nutrabien — have niche products aimed at specific market segments. This niche segmentation along with enhancement in formula and raw materials, is expected to improve the company’s brand equity. We sell Food’s products through CCU’s sales platform, with the potential to reach more than 90,000 clients and with a dedicated sales force that serves the supermarket chains.
Government Regulation
Government Regulation in Chile
We are subject to the full range of governmental regulation and supervision generally applicable to companies engaged in business in Chile. These regulations include labor laws, social security laws, public health, consumer protection, environmental laws, securities laws, and anti-trust laws. In addition, regulations exist to ensure healthy and safe conditions in facilities for the production, bottling, and distribution of beverages. As for environmental laws, see “– Environmental Matters”.
Regulations specifically concerning the production and distribution of “alcoholic beverages” are contained in Chilean Law N° 18.455 and its Ordinance, which set the standards for human consumption of such beverages, by minutely describing the different types of alcohol; the minimum requirements that must be met by each class of beverage; raw materials and additives that may be used in their manufacture; their packaging and the information that must be provided by their labels; the procedure for their importation, among others.
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Additional regulations concerning wine origin denominations are contained in Executive Decree N° 464 of the Ministry of Agriculture, dated December 14, 1994, which also laid out the wine-growing regions and set rules regarding grape varieties, vintage year, labeling and selling requirements. Pisco origin denominations, also applicable to us, are regulated in Executive Decree N° 521 dated May 27, 2000 of the Ministry of Agriculture and likewise contains provisions relating to pisco producing regions, raw material standards, manufacturing procedures, packaging and labeling.
The large-scale production of alcoholic beverages does not need any licenses or permits other than those required for the general run of commercial and industrial enterprises engaged in the manufacture of consumer commodities.
On January 19, 2004 Law N° 19.925 was published, which amended and restated the Act on Sale and Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages (former Law N° 17.105) .
All establishments dealing in alcoholic beverages, whether wholesale or retail, require a special municipal license, the cost of which is fixed by the law and varies according to the nature of the outlet or point of sale (i.e. liquor store, tavern, restaurant, hotel, warehouse, etc.). We are in possession of all licenses necessary for our wholesale operations.
Law N° 19.925 set new opening and closing hours; limited geographical areas for the sale of alcohol; reduced the maximum number of licenses to be granted by zones and population; increased criminal liability for selling alcohol to persons under eighteen years of age; and tightened the restrictions, imposing prison sentences and higher fines, for violations formerly deemed lighter. One of its most important innovations is to forbid the sale of alcohol to minors at all outlets, and not just for on-premise drinking (the only exception retained is the case of children who are served meals when accompanied by their parents).
The regulatory agency for alcoholic beverages is the SAG (theServicio Agrícola Ganadero, or Agricultural and Livestock Service).
The production, bottling and marketing of non-alcoholic beverages is subject to applicable sanitary legislation and regulations, particularly the Sanitary Code and the Food Ordinance (theReglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos).
Law N° 19.937 which was enacted in February 2004, established a new structure and powers for the Sanitary Authority, became effective on January 1, 2005 and was fully operative by February 2006. TheServicios de Salud (“Health Services”) was replaced by the Ministry of Health’s Regional Offices, which constitute the new Sanitary Authorities, which inspected plants on a regular basis, taking samples for analysis, directing the adoption of new safety procedures and applying fines and other penalties for infringement of regulations.
The production and distribution of mineral water is also subject to special regulation. Mineral water may only be bottled directly from sources, which have been designated for such purpose by a Supreme Decree signed by the President of Chile. The competent Sanitary Authority provides a certification of the data necessary to achieve such a designation. All of our facilities have received the required designation.
Independently of the products manufactured or services provided in each plant or facility, the premises are also regularly inspected by the Sanitary Authorities, regarding sanitary and environmental conditions, labor safety, and related matters.
There are currently no material legal or administrative proceedings pending against us in Chile with respect to any regulatory matter, with the exception of a complaint submitted before the Free Competition Defense Court. On March 24, 2008, the National Economic Prosecutor notified our subsidiary, Cervecera CCU Chile Ltda. of a complaint filed with the Free Competition Defense Court, which claimed the abuse by CCU Chile of its dominant market position, as evidenced by exclusivity clauses imposed on hotels, restaurants, pubs, bars and discotheques, which prohibit the commercialization by these establishments of beers produced by CCU Chile’s competitors. The complaint requested that CCU Chile be fined the maximum permitted under Chilean antitrust law, 20,000 UTA (Unidad Tributaria Annual, or annual tax unit, as of May 31, 2008, approximately Ch$8,420 million), or a fine which the Court considers appropriate. On April 16, 2008, CCU Chile filed its reply, citing economic and legal arguments in support of dismissal of the complaint. CCU Chile and the National Economic Prosecutor signed a settlement agreement that was approved by the Free Competition Defense Court and no fine was imposed on CCU Chile. A copy of the settlement can be found at our web site www.ccu-sa.com or www.ccu.cl.
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We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable statutory and administrative regulations with respect to our businesses in Chile.
Government Regulation in Argentina
We are subject to the full range of governmental regulation and supervision generally applicable to companies engaged in business in Argentina, including social security laws, public health, consumer protection and environmental laws, securities laws and anti-trust laws.
National Law 18,284 (the Argentine Food Code, or the “Code”) regulates the manufacturing and packaging of food and beverages. The Code provides specific standards with which manufacturing plants must comply and regulates the production of food and beverages mentioned in the Code. The Code also specifies the different methods in which beer may be bottled as well as the information to be provided on labels. The health authorities of each province undertake the enforcement of the Code, and also establish the minimum age requirements for the purchase of alcoholic beverages. In general, no sale of alcoholic beverages is permitted to persons under 18 years of age. In the Federal Capital and many provinces of Argentina, local law restricts the sale of alcoholic beverages, particularly between the hours of 11 p.m. and 8 a.m., and establishes harsh penalties for infringement. The Argentine Congress continues to consider proposed legislation to improve enforcement of drinking laws by establishing a minimum drinking age of 18 by federal law and limiting the hours permitted for the advertisement of alcohol products on radio and television as well as any content in such advertisement associating alcohol consumption with healthy activities.
There are currently no material legal or administrative proceedings pending against us in Argentina with respect to any regulatory matter. We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable statutory and administrative regulations with respect to our business in Argentina.
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Organizational Structure
We are controlled by IRSA, which owns directly and indirectly 66.1% of the shares of our common stock. IRSA, since 1986, was a joint venture between Quiñenco and the Schörghuber Group through its wholly owed subsidiary FHI of the Netherlands. On April 2003, the Schörghuber Group sold FHI to Heineken Americas B.V., a subsidiary of Heineken International B.V. FHI and Heineken International B.V. formed Heineken Chile Ltda., through which 50% of IRSA shares are held. On December 30, 2003, FHI merged into Heineken Americas B.V. Currently, Quiñenco and Heineken Chile Limitada, a Chilean limited corporation controlled by Heineken Americas B.V., are the only shareholders of IRSA, each with a 50% equity interest.
Quiñenco S.A. is a Chilean holding company engaged in a wide range of business activities through its subsidiaries in Chile and countries of the Southern Cone region, including Brazil, Argentina and Peru. Quiñenco’s principal holdings include, among others, Banco de Chile (one of the largest and most respected banks in Chile), Madeco S.A. (a leading manufacturer of copper and aluminum-based products in Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Peru) and Compañía Nacional de Teléfonos - Telefónica del Sur S.A. (a leading provider of telecommunication services in southern Chile).
Heineken, the Dutch brewer, is one of the largest brewers in the world with operations in more than 170 countries and 56,208 employees worldwide. Heineken group beer volume was 126 million hectoliters during 2008, the main brands being Heineken and Amstel. In 2008, Heineken had 125 breweries in over 70 countries. Around 59% of its revenues were made in Western Europe.
The following table provides our significant subsidiaries as of April 2009:
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Subsidiaries | Country | Ownership Interest | ||
CCU Chile | Chile | 100.00% | ||
CCU Argentina | Argentina | 95.96% | ||
ECUSA | Chile | 99.94% | ||
Aguas CCU-Nestlé (1) | Chile | 80.00% | ||
VSPT | Chile | 50.01% | ||
CPCh | Chile | 80.00% | ||
(1) See Our Non-Alcoholic Business: Once the Nestlé Waters Chile SA option exercise is perfectioned,the ownership will be 50.10%. |
Property, Plant and Equipment
Set forth below is information concerning our production facilities as of December 31, 2008, all of which are owned and operated by us or our subsidiaries:
Nominal Installed | ||||||||
Monthly Production | Utilized Capacity | Average Utilized Capacity | Facility Size (3) | |||||
Capacity | During Peak Month (1) | During 2008 (2) | (square meters) | |||||
(in million liters) | ||||||||
Beer Production Facilities | ||||||||
Santiago | 52.2 | 86.3% | 70.5% | 117,988 | ||||
Antofagasta (4) | 5.6 | 36.9% | 27.5% | 31,886 | ||||
Temuco | 12.0 | 110.1% | 77.5% | 50,876 | ||||
Valdivia | 0.8 | 109.7% | 70.9% | 3,786 | ||||
Chile Total | (5) 65.0 | 91.0% | 71.8% | 204,536 | ||||
Santa Fe | 24.6 | 97.5% | 84.8% | 58,989 | ||||
Salta | 6.0 | 79.5% | 45.7% | 10,866 | ||||
Luján (6) | 24.0 | 75.0% | 35.6% | 68,872 | ||||
Argentina Total | 54.6 | 85.7% | 58.9% | 138,727 | ||||
Soft Drink Production | ||||||||
Facilities | ||||||||
Santiago | 93.3 | 52.3% | 44.0% | 131,550 | ||||
Talcahuano | 10.5 | 26.1% | 20.5% | 26,079 | ||||
Antofagasta | 3.6 | 73.0% | 51.4% | 3,642 | ||||
Total | 107.4 | 50.5% | 41.9% | 161,270 | ||||
Mineral Water Production | ||||||||
Facilities | ||||||||
Coinco | 39.1 | 38.0% | 26.7% | 16,658 | ||||
Casablanca | 2.0 | 14.5% | 9.7% | 3,317 | ||||
Total | 41.1 | 36.9% | 25.9% | 19,976 | ||||
__________
(1) Based on the year ended December 31, 2008. Utilized Capacity During Peak Month is equal to production output as a percentage of Nominal Installed Production Capacity during our peak month for each respective plant. Nominal Installed Monthly Production Capacity is defined as production capacity for current production/packaging mix for a period of 25 days per month and 3 shifts per day.The implicit slack (spare) capacity does not necessarily measure real slack capacity. We believe that real production capacity is less than the nominal installed production capacity as adjustments are required for real machinery performance, packaging mix, availability of returnable bottles, seasonality within the months and other factors. As a result, we believe that the peak monthly capacity utilization rates shown above understate real capacity utilization and that slack capacity is overstated. We estimate that during the peak month in 2008, the real slack capacity amounted to approximately 2.6 million liters in Chilean beer, 5.1 million liters in Argentine beer, 15.6 million liters in soft drinks and 16.2 million liters in Chilean mineral water.
(2) Average Utilized Capacity during 2008 equals the plant’s total production output as a percentage of nominal installed annual production capacity in 2008. Nominal installed annual production capacity is calculated by multiplying the Nominal Installed Monthly Production Capacity by 11 months (on average, an equivalent of one month period is required each year for maintenance and repairs). Given the seasonal nature of our beer production and sales, these figures underestimate capacity utilization during peak months.
(3) Facility size equals total built area including warehousing logistics activities
(4) Tank Storage capacity and transport.
(5) Does not include Antofagasta storage capacity. Currently, the Santiago plant produces concentrated beer which is tankered to the Antofagasta plant for bottling.
(6) Luján’s production facility was incorporated in April 2008
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Our installed vinification and storage capacity is shown in the table below:
Installed Vinification | Storage Capacity in Tanks | Facility Size | ||||
Capacity (1) | and Barrels | (square meters) | ||||
(million liters) | (million liters) | |||||
Wine Production Facilities | ||||||
Lontué | 0.0 | 14.0 | 24,709 | |||
Molina | 23.0 | 38.0 | 50,307 | |||
Santa Helena | 2.1 | 2.0 | 7,134 | |||
Totihue | 0.7 | 0.6 | 5,374 | |||
Tarapacá (2) | 6.5 | 13.2 | 27,481 | |||
Viña Mar (2) | 2.5 | 3.0 | 8,086 | |||
Casa Rivas (2) | 2.5 | 2.8 | 4,315 | |||
Misiones de Rengo (2) | 5.0 | 8.1 | 17,174 | |||
Chile Total | 42.3 | 81.6 | 144,580 | |||
Finca La Celia | 7.5 | 7.5 | 9,675 | |||
Tamarí (2) | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3,418 | |||
Argentina Total | 9.5 | 10.0 | 13,093 | |||
(1) Considers, in average, two times tank capacity utilization. | ||||||
(2) Installations incorporated in December 2008, pursuant to the merger of VSP and VT |
As of December 31, 2008, VSPT had a nominal filling capacity of 34,500 liters per hour at its Lontué plant, 27,000 liters per hour at its Molina plant, 7,500 liters per hour at its Tarapacá plant, 4,500 liters per hour at its Misiones de Rengo Plant and 1,800 liters per hour at its Viña Mar plant. At Finca La Celia, in Argentina, VSPT had a nominal filling capacity of 6,000 liters per hour.
Our installed spirits production capacity is shown in the table below:
Installed Production | Facility Size | |||
Capacity (1) | (square meters) | |||
(million liters) | ||||
Spirits Production Facilities | ||||
Pisco Elqui | 1.2 | 12,032 | ||
Sotaquí | 7.5 | 12,078 | ||
Monte Patria | 7.5 | 33,726 | ||
Salamanca | 2.9 | 8,746 | ||
Ovalle (2) | 0 | 13,723 | ||
Total | 19.2 | 80,306 | ||
(1) On the basis of 26°GL production | ||||
(2) The Ovalle plant is a bottling facility. |
As of December 31, 2008, we had a nominal bottling capacity of 9,940 liters per hour at our Ovalle plant (13,723 square meters).
For information regarding environmental matters, see “Environmental Matters”.
Environmental Matters
Chile
Our operations are subject to both national and local regulations in Chile relating to the protection of the environment. Regarding human health, the fundamental law in Chile is the Health Code, which establishes minimum health standards and regulates air and water quality, as well as sanitary landfills.
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The local Sanitary Authority is the governmental entity in charge of the enforcement of these rules and has the faculty to impose fines.
The environmental framework is given by Law N°19,300, enacted in 1994, as amended, which includes not only environmental protection rules but also ones concerning the preservation of natural resources. Among other matters, it creates the environmental impact assessment system which requires any future project or major amendment of an existing activity that may affect the environment to evaluate the possible impacts, in order to fulfill related regulations and to implement mitigation, compensation and restoration measures. Our latest projects have been successfully submitted to this system, where the environmental national public entity, the National Environmental Commission, has given the respective authorizations.
The Law N° 19,300 also creates a mechanism of point sources emission limits and environmental quality standards that are developed and detailed by specific regulations. In this sense, there is a special regulation for wastewater discharges into sewage system, and another regulation for wastewater discharges into superficial water bodies, in both cases pursuant to a schedule of deadlines. Over the years, CCU implemented specific action plans in each operation, optimizing those emissions and, based on the location and wastewater quality, invested in highly efficient treatment plants. Such plants are also designed to generate boiler-suitable biogas. In all material respects, we are in compliance with the Act and the regulations, having fulfilled at each relevant stage all requirements prescribed by them.
Due to the high levels of air pollution in the Santiago metropolitan area, the Authorities have implemented a decontamination plan, which includes different levels of air quality, and certain measures that can be imposed to industries. In case of emergency situations, those companies comprising the industries classified as producing the highest emissions of particle and gas emissions must suspend their activities. In all material respects, we comply with current regulations applicable to both our beer and soft drink facilities in the Santiago metropolitan area.
There are currently no material legal or administrative proceedings pending against us in Chile with respect to any environmental matter. We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable environmental regulations.
Argentina
New laws and regulations are being enacted in Argentina as a result of heightened community concerns for environmental issues. As a consequence, there are several statutes imposing obligations on companies regarding environmental matters at the federal, provincial, and municipal levels. On many occasions, private entities operating public utilities such as water supply and sewage, are in charge of controlling and enforcing those regulations. Many of these regulations have been recently enacted and little precedent exists as to their scope.
The most important environmental statute in Argentina is the Hazardous Waste Act (Law 24,051) which, although a federal law, has been strictly adhered to in no more than three provinces. When certain federal tests indicate the need, the provisions of the Hazardous Waste Act are enforced. The application of the provisions of the Hazardous Waste Act depend upon the magnitude of the public health risk and whether those conditions exist in more than one province. Hazardous waste is defined so as to cover any residue that may cause harm, directly or indirectly, to human beings that may pollute the soil, water, atmosphere or the environment in general. Generally, claims involving hazardous waste give rise to strict liability in the event of damage to third parties. In addition, each province in which we operate facilities has enacted environmental legislation with broad and generic goals, as well as water codes and related agencies to regulate the use of water and the disposal of effluents in the water.
Over the last several years CCU Argentina has implemented a complete program for the treatment of its industrial waste, which involves the separation, collection, and reusing of the generated solid waste as well as a wastewater treatment plant. The waste program is part of our constant effort to improve environment-related conditions. The main features of the plant are its productions of biogas which is used as boiler fuel, its minimum space requirements and its low electric power consumption, which make it perfectly suitable for the urban context where it is located.
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The regulation of matters related to the protection of the environment is not as well developed in Argentina as in the United States and certain other countries. Accordingly, we anticipate that additional laws and regulations will be enacted over time with respect to environmental matters. While we believe that we will continue to be in compliance with all applicable environmental regulation, we cannot assure you that future legislative or regulatory developments will not impose restrictions on us, which could result in material adverse effects.
ITEM 4A: Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
ITEM 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Overview
We are a diversified beverage company operating principally in Chile and Argentina. We are the largest brewery in Chile, the second largest brewery in Argentina, the third largest soft drinks producer in Chile, the largest mineral water and bottled nectar producer in Chile, the third largest wine player in Chile, the second largest pisco producer in Chile, and we also participate in the confectionery industry in Chile. Our beer and soft drink products include a wide range of proprietary, licensed and imported brands.
We face certain key challenges and risks associated with our business. These risks include competition within the market place, managing operating costs and the integration and expansion of new products. We currently have approximately 86% of the Chilean beer market; however, competitors are investing in this market and launching new products, therefore, we must concentrate on competitive pricing and marketing strategies to maintain our market share. Operating costs are subject to variations depending on plant efficiency, product mix and production cycles, and also on US$ commodities prices and the rate of exchange from Chilean pesos to US$ or Euro. Our main costs include cost of raw and packaging materials, distribution and marketing costs. We continue to sell and deliver new products to our customers, including products through new licensing agreements and new products through internal development.
Our results analysis are based on our Chilean GAAP financials which have not material differences at the operational level, with the US GAAP financials. (see Note 24).
In 2008, we reached new historical records in sales volumes, net sales revenues and operating income, obtaining an operating income of Ch$121,066 million. We had consolidated net sales of Ch$781,789 million, of which 36.4% was accounted for by our beer sales in Chile, 18.3% by our beer sales in Argentina, 25.5% by our non alcoholic beverages sales in Chile, 12.7% by wine sales, 5.4% by spirits sales and the remainder by sales of other products. Our sales revenues increased 14.3% over the prior year as we increased sales of existing products, introduced new products into the market and incorporated new operations such as the acquisition of ICSA in Argentina, the merger of Viña Tarapacá into Viña San Pedro and the acquisition of 50% of Alimentos Nutrabien S.A. for the confectionary business . Operating income increased 9.7% as a result of a combination of higher revenues coupled with higher costs and expenses. Our net income declined by 4.2% mainly due to the absence of a non-recurring profit in 2007 related to our agreement with Nestlé .
Outlook.We had a very successful 2008. All of our business segments improved their operating income except for our beer segment in Chile Although in general the raw material and oil prices are down, during the first quarter 2009 we continue to face high costs for certain raw materials, in particular for malt.
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Operating Results
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this annual report. As discussed below, our consolidated financial statements have been restated to recognize certain effects of inflation. In the following discussion, Chilean peso amounts have been rounded to the nearest million pesos, unless otherwise indicated. Certain amounts (including percentage amounts) which appear herein have been rounded and may not sum exactly to the totals shown.
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain important respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements provides a description of the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and total shareholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Chilean inflation for the periods covered by the consolidated financial statements was significantly higher than in the past recent years: 2.1% in 2006, 7.4% in 2007 and 8.9% in 2008. Chilean GAAP requires that our consolidated financial statements recognize certain effects of inflation. Accordingly, except where otherwise indicated, financial data have been restated in constant pesos of December 31, 2008 purchasing power.
The following table presents the net sales and operating income, and related percentage as a component of net sales, for each of our product segments, expressed in millions of Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2008:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Net Sales | (millions of Ch$, except percentages) | |||||||||||
Beer Chile Segment (1) | Ch$254,572 | 39.9% | Ch$270,507 | 39.5% | Ch$284,567 | 36.4% | ||||||
Beer Argentina Segment (1) | 67,610 | 10.6% | 75,434 | 11.0% | 143,437 | 18.3% | ||||||
Non alcoholic Beverages Segment (2) | 175,985 | 27.6% | 188,337 | 27.5% | 199,111 | 25.5% | ||||||
Wine Segment (3) | 89,176 | 14.0% | 94,746 | 13.9% | 99,560 | 12.7% | ||||||
Spirits Segment (4) | 39,247 | 6.1% | 43,377 | 6.3% | 41,888 | 5.4% | ||||||
Other (5) | 11,767 | 1.8% | 11,801 | 1.7% | 13,228 | 1.7% | ||||||
Total | Ch$638,357 | 100.0% | Ch$684,201 | 100.0% | Ch$781,789 | 100.0% | ||||||
Operating Income | ||||||||||||
Beer Chile Segment (1) | Ch$70,203 | 75.3% | Ch$75,643 | 68.5% | Ch$73,802 | 61.0% | ||||||
Beer Argentina Segment (1) | 4,461 | 4.8% | 4,393 | 4.0% | 10,042 | 8.3% | ||||||
Non alcoholic Beverages Segment (2) | 14,181 | 15.2% | 18,411 | 16.7% | 21,893 | 18.1% | ||||||
Wine Segment (3) | 1,391 | 1.5% | 6,197 | 5.6% | 6,982 | 5.8% | ||||||
Spirits Segment (4) | 834 | 0.9% | 3,385 | 3.1% | 5,876 | 4.9% | ||||||
Other (5) | 2,137 | 2.3% | 2,379 | 2.2% | 2,470 | 2.0% | ||||||
Total | Ch$93,207 | 100.0% | Ch$110,407 | 100.0% | Ch$121,066 | 100.0% | ||||||
(1) Includes sales of beer, beer by-products and other products such as malt, spent grain and yeast. | ||||||||||||
(2) Includes sales of carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks, nectar, mineral and purified water, sports and energy drinks, tea and related merchandise. | ||||||||||||
(3) Includes sales of wine, by-products and other products such as labels and corks. | ||||||||||||
(4) Includes sales of pisco,cocktails rum and by-products. | ||||||||||||
(5) Includes sales of confectionery products and the operating income of the plastic bottle division. |
The following table presents operating results in millions of pesos and as a percentage of net sales:
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Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||||||
(millions of Ch$, except percentages and sales volume data) | ||||||||||||
Net Sales | Ch$638,357 | 100.0% | Ch$684,201 | 100.0% | Ch$781,789 | 100.0% | ||||||
Cost of Goods Sold | (303,963) | (47.6%) | (321,562) | (47.0%) | (369,739) | (47.3%) | ||||||
Gross Profit | Ch$334,394 | 52.4% | Ch$362,639 | 53.0% | Ch$412,050 | 52.7% | ||||||
Selling and Administrative Expenses | (241,187) | (37.8%) | (252,232) | (36.9%) | (290,985) | (37.2%) | ||||||
Operating Income | Ch$93,207 | 14.6% | Ch$110,407 | 16.1% | Ch$121,066 | 15.5% | ||||||
Non-Operating Income | 9,146 | 1.4% | 22,050 | 3.2% | 4,420 | 0.6% | ||||||
Non-Operating Expenses | (19,937) | (3.1%) | (20,759) | (3.0%) | (20,133) | (2.6%) | ||||||
Price-Level Restatement and Exchange | (741) | (0.1%) | (4,924) | (0.7%) | (5,450) | (0.7%) | ||||||
Differences | ||||||||||||
Income Taxes | (16,649) | (2.6%) | (18,152) | (2.7%) | (14,085) | (1.8%) | ||||||
Minority Interest | 275 | 0.0% | (2,374) | (0.3%) | (3,187) | (0.4%) | ||||||
Net Income | Ch$65,301 | 10.2% | Ch$86,248 | 12.6% | Ch$82,631 | 10.6% | ||||||
Sales volume (1): | ||||||||||||
Beer (Chile) (2) | 470.8 | 491.1 | 516.8 | |||||||||
Beer (Argentina) | 244.4 | 272.2 | 367.8 | |||||||||
Non Alcoholic beverages | 518.3 | 544.9 | 577.7 | |||||||||
Wine (3) | 94.2 | 105.8 | 101.0 | |||||||||
Spirits (4) | 20.5 | 21.6 | 21.1 | |||||||||
(1) In millions of liters. | ||||||||||||
(2) Free samples for promotions are considered in sales volume. | ||||||||||||
(3) Includes sales of wine in Argentina for the domestic market, which equaled 1.1 million liters in 2006, 1.7 million liters in 2007 and 1.4 million liters in 2008, and wine exports from Argentina, totaling 4.7 million liters in 2006, 6.4 million in 2007 and 4.8 million in 2008. Includes bulk sales export in Chile and Argentina of 9.2 million liters in 2008. | ||||||||||||
(4) Includes sales of pisco in 2006 and sales of pisco and rum since 2007. |
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
Net Sales
Our net sales were Ch$781,789 million in 2008 compared to Ch$684,201 million in 2007, representing a 14.3% increase, which is mainly due to higher sales volumes in beer, both Chile and Argentina, and in non alcoholic beverages. Prices measured in Chilean pesos were higher in the Argentine beer and in the wine segment. The net sales performance of each of our business segments during 2008 is described below:
Beer Chile: Our net sales of beer in Chile increased 5.2% to Ch$284,567 million in 2008, from Ch$270,507 million in 2007. This increase was due to a 5.2% increase in sales volume and a 0.3% decrease in unit price. Higher sales volumes were mainly a result of our ACC Plan (Aumento de Consumo de Cerveza, or increase in beer consumption) which was implemented in 2001 and which comprises a range of strategic measures, including product and packaging innovations, the development of new distribution channels and improvements in marketing and point-of-sale execution.
Beer Argentina: Our net sales of beer in Argentina increased 90.1% to Ch$143,437 million in 2008, from Ch$75,434 million in 2007. This increase was due to 35.1% higher beer sales volume and 39.1% increase in per unit price in Chilean pesos. In U.S. dollar terms, the average per unit price increased 18.6% . Higher volumes are due to the acquisition of ICSA in April 2008, which resulted in the addition of three new beer brands: Imperial, Bieckert and Palermo and a brewing facility in Luján. Higher prices were mainly due to price increases implemented during the year and a higher premium product mix.
Non Alcoholic beverages: Our net sales of non-alcoholic beverages increased 5.7% to Ch$199,111 million in 2008, from Ch$188,337 million in 2007. This increase in sales was due to a 6.0% increase in sales volume, partially off set by a 0.4% decrease in unit price. Higher sales volume is due to increases of 6.2%, 7.4% and 4.5% in soft drinks, nectars and water volumes. Higher soft drinks and water sales are mainly due to positive effects from increased consumer spending and slightly lower average prices in real terms.
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The low calories brand extentions and the functional beverages performed well, although they do not have a significant participation in the mix of non-alcoholic beverages.
Wine:Our net sales of wine increased 5.1% to Ch$99,560 million in 2008, from Ch$94,746 million in 2007. The increase in sales is due to a 0.4. % decrease in sales volume, offset by an average 7.8% increase in unit prices. The decrease in sales volume was the result of an increase of 0.7%in the Chilean domestic market and lower sales volume of 1.2% and 3.9% in the Chilean exports and Argentine wine, respectively. The increase in unit prices is due to 9.9%, 4.5% and 30.3% higher unit prices in the domestic market,,Chilean exports and Argentine wine, respectively.
Spirits:Our net sales of spirits decreased 3.4% to Ch$41,888 million in 2008, from Ch$43,377 million in 2007. This decrease in sales is due to a 2.5% decrease in sales volume and a 0.2% lower per unit price. Lower volume and price is mainly due to consumers habit changes towards other imported liquor.
Cost of Goods Sold
Our cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of raw materials, packaging, labor costs for production personnel, depreciation of assets related to production, depreciation of returnable bottles, licensing fees, bottle breakage and costs of operating and maintaining plants and equipment. Our cost of goods sold in 2008 was Ch$369,739 million compared to Ch$321,562 million in 2007. As a percentage of net sales, cost of goods sold was 47.3% in 2008 and 47.0% in 2007. Our cost of goods sold for each business segment during 2008 is described below:
Beer Chile: Our cost of goods sold for our Chilean beer segment increased by 14.0% to Ch$117,901 million in 2008, from Ch$103,389 million in 2007. This increase was due to higher costs of raw materials in US$, higher sales mix of premium and one-way products, higher energy costs and higher adjustments related to bottle warranties. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales increased from 38.2% in 2007 to 41.4% in 2008.
Beer Argentina: Our cost of goods sold for our Argentine beer segment increased by 83.9% to Ch$70,163 million in 2008, from Ch$38,148 million in 2007. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased from 50.6% in 2007 to 48.9% in 2008, mainly due to higher costs of raw materials, higher sales of Heineken, Budweiser and one-way products, higher personnel and energy costs, plus the costs associated to the ICSA plant acquisition in April 2008 and the larger production volume.
Non Alcoholic beverages: Our cost of goods sold for our non alcoholic beverage segment increased by 6.0% to Ch$94,262 million in 2008, from Ch$88,966 million in 2007. This increase was due to higher direct costs due to higher sales volume and higher energy costs. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales increased from 47.2% in 2007 to 47.3% in 2008.
Wine: Our cost of goods sold for our wine segment decreased by 1.9% to Ch$58,262 million in 2008, from Ch$59,418 million in 2007. This decrease was mainly due to lower costs of grapes in 2008. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased from 62.7% in 2007 to 58.5% in 2008.
Spirits: Our cost of goods sold for our spirits segment decreased by 13.6% to Ch$20,899 million in 2008, from Ch$24,180 million in 2007. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased from 55.7% in 2007 to 49.9% in 2008, mainly due to the lower costs of grapes in 2008.
Gross Profit
Our gross profit increased 13.6% to Ch$412,050 million in 2008, from Ch$362,639 million in 2007. This increase was due to an increase in our sales above the increase in cost of goods sold. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit decreased from 53.0% in 2007 to 52.7% in 2008.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, primarily include advertising and promotional expenses, salaries of administrative personnel, maintenance, general expenses, transportation costs and services provided by third parties. Our SG&A increased 15.4% in 2008 to Ch$290,985 million, from Ch$252,232 million in 2007. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A increased from 36.9% in 2007 to 37.2% in 2008. The SG&A performance of each business segment during 2008 is described below:
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Beer Chile:The SG&A of our Chilean beer segment increased 1.5% to Ch$92,863 million in 2008, from Ch$91,475 million in 2007. The increase in SG&A is mainly due to higher distribution expenses, partially offset by lower salary expenses and investment in marketing. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A decreased from 33.8% in 2007 to 32.6% in 2008, mainly due to the dilution of fixed expenses as a result of higher sale volumes.
Beer Argentina: The SG&A of our Argentine beer segment increased 92.2% to Ch$63,231 million in 2008, from Ch$32,893 million in 2007. The increase in SG&A is mainly due to higher distribution expenses, higher investment in marketing and higher personnel expenses. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A increased from 43.6% in 2007 to 44.1% in 2008,.
Non Alcoholic beverages: The SG&A of our non alcoholic beverage segment increased 2.5% to Ch$82,955 million in 2008, from Ch$80,960 million in 2007. This increase is mainly due to higher distribution expenses. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A for this segment decreased from 43.0% in 2007 to 41.7% in 2008, mainly due to the dilution of fixed expenses as a result of higher sale volumes.
Wine: The SG&A of our wine segment increased 17.8% to Ch$34,316 million in 2008, from Ch$29,131 million in 2007. This increase in SG&A is mainly related to the consolidation of Viña Tarapacá as of October 1, 2008. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A for this segment increased from 30.7% in 2007 to 34.5% in 2008.
Spirits: The SG&A of our spirits segment decreased 4.4% to Ch$15,113 million in 2008, from Ch$15,812 million in 2007. This decrease in SG&A is mainly due to lower marketing expenses. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A for this segment decreased from 36.5% in 2007 to 36.1% in 2008.
Operating Income
Our operating income increased by 9.7% in 2008 to Ch$121,066 million as compared to Ch$110,407 million in 2007. As a percentage of net sales, operating income, or operating margin, decreased from 16.1% in 2007 to 15.5% in 2008. The operating income performance of each of our business segments during 2008 is described below:
Beer Chile: The operating income from our Chilean beer segment decreased by 2.4% to Ch$73,802 million in 2008, from Ch$75,643 million in 2007. Our operating margin for this segment decreased from 28.0% in 2007 to 25.9% in 2008.
Beer Argentina: The operating income from our Argentine beer segment, measured in Chilean pesos, increased by 128.6% to Ch$10,042 million in 2008, from Ch$4,393 million in 2007. The results of this business segment are affected by the fluctuation of the Chilean peso vis a vis the U.S. dollar. Measured in U.S. dollars, operating income increased 89.8% . Our operating margin for this segment increased from 5.8% in 2007 to 7.0% in 2008.
Non Alcoholic beverages: The operating income from our non alcoholic beverage segment increased by 18.9% to Ch$21,893 million in 2008, from Ch$18,411 million in 2007. Our operating margin for this segment increased from 9.8% in 2007 to 11.0% in 2008.
Wine:The operating income from our wine segment increased by 12.7% to Ch$6,982 million in 2008, from Ch$6,197 million in 2007. Our operating margin for this segment increased from 6.5% in 2007 to 7.0% in 2008.
Spirits:The operating income from our spirits segment increased by 73.6% to Ch$5,876 million in 2008, from Ch$3,385 million in 2007. Our operating margin for this segment increased from 7.8% in 2007 to 14.0% in 2008.
Non-Operating Income
Our non-operating income decreased 80.0% to Ch$4,420 million in 2008, as compared to Ch$22,050 million in 2007. This decrease is mainly due to the absence of a one-time gain of Ch$16,193 million in the sale of shares of the water business to Nestlé in 2007, lower interest gained from investments in banks and other financial institutions, change in the valuation of our subsidiaries’ inventories in 2007 and the reversal of an investment valuation provision also in 2007.
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Non-Operating Expenses
Our non-operating expenses decreased 3.0% to Ch$20,133 million in 2008 as compared to Ch$20,759 million in 2007. This decrease is mainly due to Ch$1,691 million in lower losses of unconsolidated affiliates, Ch$1,773 million in lower severance indemnities partially offset by Ch$2,767 million in higher interests expenses.
Price-Level Restatement and Exchange Gains
The price-level restatement of our non-monetary assets, liabilities and equity due to Chilean inflation and foreign exchange fluctuations resulted in a net loss of Ch$5,449 million in 2008, as compared to a net loss of Ch$4,924 million in 2007. These results are largely due to the effect of a higher inflation rate in 2008 compared to 2007, over the Company’s composition of monetary assets and liabilities. A loss in price-level restatement results from holding monetary assets in excess of monetary liabilities during inflationary periods, or from holding foreign currency denominated liabilities in excess of foreign currency denominated assets during periods of devaluation of the Chilean peso.
Income Taxes
Our income taxes for 2008 amounted to Ch$14,085 million, translating into an effective consolidated tax rate of 14.1% . Income taxes in 2007 amounted to Ch$18,152 million translating into an effective consolidated tax rate of 17.0% . In 2008, our effective consolidated tax rate was lower than the Chilean statutory rate of 17%, mainly due to a reduction in our income tax resulting from an overseas investment restructuring.
In accordance with Chilean law, a Chilean company and each of its domestic subsidiaries calculate and pay taxes in Chile on a separate basis rather than on a consolidated basis. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had available tax loss carryforwards of Ch$37,779 million, our consolidated subsidiaries had available tax loss carryforwards of Ch$18,619 million in Chile and Ch$3,919 million in Argentina. Our Chilean subsidiaries with the most significant tax loss carryforwards include Viña Altaïr S.A. with Ch$10,398 million, Viña Urmeneta S.A. with Ch$4,139 million and Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. with Ch$2,,666 million. In Argentina, our subsidiary Finca La Celia had tax loss carryforwards of Ch$3,919 million. In Chile, there is no legal expiration date prescribed by law with respect to tax loss carryforwards; however, in Argentina tax loss carryforwards are subject to a five-year expiration date. The extent to which we can utilize such tax loss carryforwards in the future will depend upon the amount of income earned by each subsidiary and the specific tax loss carryforwards available to that particular entity. Dividends paid to us by CCU Argentina will be included in our taxable income in Chile, and will be governed by the applicable regulations of the Chilean tax authorities. We will receive a full credit against income tax in Chile with respect to such dividends for income taxes paid by the Argentine subsidiaries. On December 30, 1998, a 1% tax on assets was implemented in Argentina. This tax can be used as a credit to income tax and is subject to a four-year expiration date.
Minority Interest
Minority interest decreased from negative Ch$2,374 million in 2007 to negative Ch$3,187 million in 2008. This decrease was mainly due to better results in Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A., Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. and Compañía Industrial Cervecera S.A.
Net Income
Our net income in 2008 was Ch$82,631 million, a decrease of 4.2% compared to 2007’s net income of Ch$82,648 million. The decrease in net income is due to lower income before income taxes and minority interest, partially offset by higher minority interest and lower income taxes.
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007 COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006
Net Sales
Our net sales were Ch$684,201 million in 2007 compared to Ch$638,357 million in 2006, representing a 7.2% increase, which is mainly due to higher sales volumes and prices in all our categories, with the exception of prices of beer Argentina – measured in Chilean pesos – and the average price for the wine segment. The net sales performance of each of our business segments during 2007 is described below:
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Beer Chile: Our net sales of beer in Chile increased 6.3% to Ch$270,507 million in 2007, from Ch$254,572 million in 2006. This increase was due to a 4.3% increase in sales volume and a 1.9% increase in unit price. Higher sales volumes were mainly a result of our ACC Plan (Aumento de Consumo de Cerveza, or increase in beer consumption) which was implemented in 2001 and which comprises a range of strategic measures, including product and packaging innovations, the development of new distribution channels and improvements in marketing and point-of-sale execution.
Beer Argentina: Our net sales of beer in Argentina increased 11.6% to Ch$75,434 million in 2007, from Ch$67,610 million in 2006. This increase was due to 11.4% higher beer sales volume, partially offset by a 0.5% decrease in per unit price in Chilean pesos. In US dollar terms, per unit price increased 15.1% . Higher volumes are due to an improvement in the Argentine economy. Higher prices were mainly due to price increases implemented during the year and a higher premium product mix.
Non Alcoholic beverages: Our net sales of soft drinks and mineral water increased 7.0% to Ch$188,337 million in 2007, from Ch$175,985 million in 2006. This increase in sales was due to a 5.1% increase in sales volume and a 1.8% increase in unit price. Higher sales volume is due to increases of 5.2% and 20.1% in soft drinks and nectars volumes, respectively, partially offset by a 2.1% decrease in mineral water volumes. Higher soft drinks sales are mainly due to positive effects from increased consumer spending and increased sales of Watt’s nectars due to the strength of the brand. Lower mineral water sales volume is due to the poor performance of the Cachantun product “Mas”, a flavored mineral water launched in 2005, which experienced higher competition from flavored purified waters. Higher prices were due to a price increase of 1.6% in soft drinks, partially offset by 0.6% and 0.1% lower per unit prices for nectars and mineral water, respectively.
Wine:Our net sales of wine increased 6.2% to Ch$94,746 million in 2007, from Ch$89,176 million in 2006. This increase in sales is mainly due to a 4.5% increase in sales of bottled wine and a 40.7% increase in sales of bulk wine. The increase in sales of bottled wine is due to a 6.3% increase in sales volume, partially offset by a 1.7% decrease in unit prices. The increase in sales volume was the result of 5.8%, 4.7% and 26.0% higher sales volume in Chilean exports, Chilean domestic market and Argentine wine, respectively. The decrease in unit prices is due to 9.2% lower unit prices in the domestic market, partially offset by a 1.4% and a 12.5% higher unit price of Chilean exports and Argentine wine, respectively.
Spirits:Our net sales of spirits increased 10.5% to Ch$43,377 million in 2007, from Ch$39,247 million in 2006. This increase in sales is due to a 5.5% increase in sales volume and a 3.9% higher per unit price. Higher volume and price is mainly due to our entry into the rum market in May 2007.
Cost of Goods Sold
Our cost of goods sold consists primarily of the cost of raw materials, packaging, labor costs for production personnel, depreciation of assets related to production, depreciation of returnable bottles, licensing fees, bottle breakage and costs of operating and maintaining plants and equipment. Our cost of goods sold in 2007 was Ch$321,562 million compared to Ch$303,963 million in 2006. As a percentage of net sales, cost of goods sold was 47.0% in 2007 and 47.6% in 2006. Our cost of goods sold for each business segment during 2007 is described below:
Beer Chile: Our cost of goods sold for our Chilean beer segment increased by 9.5% to Ch$103,389 million in 2007, from Ch$94,434 million in 2006. This increase was due to higher costs of raw materials, higher sales mix of premium and one-way products and energy costs, partially offset by higher adjustments related to bottle warranties. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales increased from 37.1% in 2006 to 38.2% in 2007.
Beer Argentina: Our cost of goods sold for our Argentine beer segment increased by 16.1% to Ch$38,148 million in 2007, from Ch$32,861 million in 2006. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales increased from 48.6% in 2006 to 50.6% in 2007, mainly due to higher costs of raw materials, higher sales of Heineken, Budweiser and one-way products, higher personnel and energy costs, in addition to the costs related to the agreement with ICSA to produce in the Luján plant.
Non Alcoholic beverages: Our cost of goods sold for our soft drinks and mineral water segment increased by 5.7% to Ch$88,966 million in 2007, from Ch$84,171 million in 2006. This increase was due to the higher direct costs due to higher sales volume and higher energy costs, partially offset by lower personnel costs. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased from 47.8% in 2006 to 47.2% in 2007.
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Wine: Our cost of goods sold for our wine segment decreased by 3.6% to Ch$59,418 million in 2007, from Ch$61,647 million in 2006. This decrease in cost of goods sold was mainly due to lower costs of grapes in 2007. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased from 69.1% in 2006 to 62.7% in 2007.
Spirits: Our cost of goods sold for our spirits segment increased by 3.1% to Ch$24,180 million in 2007, from Ch$23,456 million in 2006. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased from 59.8% in 2006 to 55.7% in 2007, mainly due to the lower costs of grapes in 2007.
Gross Profit
Our gross profit increased 8.4% to Ch$362,639 million in 2007, from Ch$334,394 million in 2006. This increase was due to an increase in our sales. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit increased from 52.4% in 2006 to 53.0% in 2007.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Our selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, primarily include advertising and promotional expenses, salaries of administrative personnel, maintenance, general expenses, transportation costs and services provided by third parties. Our SG&A increased 4.6% in 2007 to Ch$252,232 million, from Ch$241,187 million in 2006. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A decreased from 37.8% in 2006 to 36.9% in 2007. The SG&A performance of each business segment during 2007 is described below:
Beer Chile:The SG&A of our Chilean beer segment increased 1.7% to Ch$91,475 million in 2007, from Ch$89,935 million in 2006. The increase in SG&A is mainly due to higher distribution expenses, partially offset by lower depreciation charges and investment in marketing. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A decreased from 35.3% in 2006 to 33.8% in 2007, mainly due to the dilution of fixed expenses as a result of higher sale volumes.
Beer Argentina:The SG&A of our Argentine beer segment increased 8.6% to Ch$32,893 million in 2007, from Ch$30,288 million in 2006. The increase in SG&A resulted mainly due to higher distribution expenses, higher investment in marketing and higher personnel expenses. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A decreased from 44.8% in 2006 to 43.6% in 2007, mainly due to the dilution of fixed expenses as a result of higher sale volumes.
Non Alcoholic beverages: The SG&A of our soft drinks and mineral water segment increased 4.3% to Ch$80,960 million in 2007, from Ch$77,633 million in 2006. This increase resulted mainly due to higher investment in marketing and distribution expenses, partially offset by lower depreciation charges. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A for this segment decreased from 44.1% in 2006 to 43.0% in 2007, mainly due to the dilution of fixed expenses as a result of higher sale volumes.
Wine: The SG&A of our wine segment increased 11.5% to Ch$29,131 million in 2007, from Ch$26,138 million in 2006. This increase in SG&A is mainly due to higher investment in marketing, higher expenses related to personnel and higher distribution expenses. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A for this segment increased from 29.3% in 2006 to 30.7% in 2007.
Spirits: The SG&A of our spirits segment increased 5.7% to Ch$15,812 million in 2007, from Ch$14,957 million in 2006. This increase in SG&A is mainly due to higher investment in marketing, personnel and distribution expenses. As a percentage of net sales, our SG&A for this segment decreased from 38.1% in 2006 to 36.5% in 2007, mainly due to the dilution of fixed expenses as a result of higher sale volumes.
Operating Income
Our operating income increased by 18.5% in 2007 to Ch$110,407 million as compared to Ch$93,207 million in 2006. As a percentage of net sales, operating income, or operating margin, increased from 14.6% in 2006 to 16.1% in 2007. The operating income performance of each of our business segments during 2007 is described below:
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Beer Chile: The operating income from our Chilean beer segment increased by 7.7% to Ch$75,643 million in 2007, from Ch$70,202 million in 2006. Our operating margin for this segment increased from 27.6% in 2006 to 28.0% in 2007.
Beer Argentina: The operating income from our Argentine beer segment, measured in Chilean pesos, decreased by 1.5% to Ch$4,393 million in 2007, from Ch$4,461 million in 2006. The results of this business segment are affected by the appreciation of the Chilean peso. Therefore, measured in US dollars, operating income increased 14.8% . Our operating margin for this segment decreased from 6.6% in 2006 to 5.8% in 2007.
Non Alcoholic beverages: The operating income from our soft drinks and mineral water segment increased by 29.8% to Ch$18,411 million in 2007, from Ch$14,181 million in 2006. Our operating margin for this segment increased from 8.1% in 2006 to 9.8% in 2007.
Wine:The operating income from our wine segment increased by 345.5% to Ch$6,197 million in 2007, from Ch$1,391 million in 2006. Our operating margin for this segment increased from 1.6% in 2006 to 6.5% in 2007.
Spirits:The operating income from our spirits segment increased by 305.9% to Ch$3,385 million in 2007, from Ch$834 million in 2006. Our operating margin for this segment increased from 2.1% in 2006 to 7.8% in 2007.
Non-Operating Income
Our non-operating income increased 141.1% to Ch$22,050 million in 2007, as compared to Ch$9,146 million in 2006. This increase is mainly due to a one-time gain of Ch$16,193 million in the sale of shares of the water business to Nestlé, partially offset by a Ch$3,292 million lower income in the sale of properties and other assets held for sale during 2007.
Non-Operating Expenses
Our non-operating expenses increased 4.1% to Ch$20,759 million in 2007 as compared to Ch$19,937 million in 2006. This increase is mainly due to Ch$2,200 million in higher equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates and Ch$1,847 million in higher severance indemnities, partially offset by Ch$1,885 million in restructuring costs during 2006 and Ch$1,227 million lower amortization of goodwill in 2007.
Price-Level Restatement and Exchange Gains
The price-level restatement of our non-monetary assets, liabilities and equity due to Chilean inflation and foreign exchange fluctuations resulted in a net loss of Ch$4,924 million in 2007, as compared to a net loss of Ch$741 million in 2006. These results are largely due to the higher inflation rate in 2007 compared to 2006, over the Company’s composition of monetary assets and liabilities. A gain in price-level restatement results from holding monetary liabilities in excess of monetary assets during inflationary periods, or from holding foreign currency denominated assets in excess of foreign currency denominated liabilities during periods of devaluation of the Chilean peso.
Income Taxes
Our income taxes for 2007 amounted to Ch$18,152 million, translating into an effective consolidated tax rate of 17.0%. Income taxes in 2006 amounted to Ch$16,649 million translating into an effective consolidated tax rate of 20.4%. Our effective consolidated tax rate in 2007 was the same as the Chilean statutory rate of 17%. In 2006, our effective consolidated tax rate was higher than the Chilean statutory rate of 17%, mainly due to a reduction of positive deferred income tax resulting from our subsidiary CCU Argentina, due to a lower recognition of tax loss carryforwards.
In accordance with Chilean law, a Chilean company and each of its domestic subsidiaries calculate and pay taxes in Chile on a separate basis rather than on a consolidated basis. As of December 31, 2007, our consolidated subsidiaries had available tax loss carryforwards of Ch$20,241 million in Chile and Ch$2,536 million in Argentina. Our Chilean subsidiaries with the most significant tax loss carryforwards include Viña Altaïr S.A. with Ch$10,135 million, Viña Urmeneta S.A. with Ch$5,446 million, Transportes CCU Ltda. with Ch$2,487 million and Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. with Ch$2,171 million. In Argentina, our subsidiary with the most significant tax loss carryforwards is Finca La Celia with Ch$2,536 million. In Chile, there is no legal expiration date prescribed by law with respect to tax loss carryforwards; however, in Argentina tax loss carryforwards are subject to a five-year expiration date. The extent to which we can utilize such tax loss carryforwards in the future will depend upon the amount of income earned by each subsidiary and the specific tax loss carryforwards available to that particular entity. Dividends paid to us by CCU Argentina will be included in our taxable income in Chile, but will be governed by the applicable regulations of the Chilean tax authorities. We will receive a full credit against income tax in Chile with respect to such dividends for income taxes paid by the Argentine subsidiaries. On December 30, 1998, a 1% tax on assets was implemented in Argentina. This tax can be used as a credit to income tax and is subject to a four-year expiration date.
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Minority Interest
Minority interest in 2007 decreased from positive Ch$275 million in 2006 to negative Ch$2,374 million in 2007. This decrease was mainly due to better results in VSP, Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. and Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A.
Net Income
Our net income in 2007 was Ch$86,248 million, an increase of 32.1% compared to 2006’s net income of Ch$65,301 million. The increase in net income is due to our higher income before income taxes and minority interest, partially offset by lower minority interest and higher income taxes during 2007.
Impact of Inflation
In general, inflation has an adverse effect of diminishing the purchasing power of a company’s monetary assets that are not price-level indexed, and has a positive effect of reducing the real value of a company’s monetary liabilities that are not price-level indexed. In addition, to the extent that increases in a company’s costs of production are not passed on in the form of higher prices for a company’s goods, inflation will adversely affect earnings.
Most of our monetary assets, principally accounts receivable, and liabilities, principally accounts payable, that are not price-level indexed are short-term and thus are not significantly affected by inflation. However, our liability for deposits on bottles and containers (Ch$8,101 million at December 31, 2007 and Ch$8,568 million at December 31, 2008) is a long-term, non-indexed monetary liability that is affected over time by inflation. The net impact of inflation on our capital expenditures has generally been neutral as all substantial assets constructed or acquired are fixed non-monetary assets and all substantial liabilities incurred in the process of financing capital expenditures are price-level indexed or foreign-currency denominated. Nonetheless, high rates of inflation in the future could have a variety of unpredictable effects on us and could adversely impact our operations.
U.S. GAAP Reconciliation
Our net income under U.S. GAAP for 2006, 2007 and 2008 was Ch$61,921 million, Ch$92,086 million and Ch$93,160 million, respectively, as compared to that reported under Chilean GAAP of Ch$65,301 million, Ch$86,248 million and Ch$82,631 million, respectively. These differences are principally the result of US GAAP adjustments for the:
- reversal of amortization of goodwill
- accounting treatment on sale of land
- income statement treatment of deferred tax assets generated from the merger of subsidiaries
- adjustment for capitalized costs on repaid debt
- differences associated with the amortization of intangible trademarks
- accounting treatment of developmental stage enterprises
- reversal of revaluation of fixed assets and assets held for sale
- adjustments of employee severance indemnities
- adjustment on derivative financial instruments
- restructuring cost
- capitalization of interest cost
- recording of deferred income taxes, and
- adjustment of depreciation on fixed assets which were previously classified as assets held for sale.
Our total shareholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was Ch$402,928 million, Ch$435,107 million and Ch$504,217 million, respectively, as compared to that reported under Chilean GAAP for the same period of Ch$408,452 million, Ch$437,556 million and Ch$496,246 million, respectively. The differences between shareholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP and Chilean GAAP are principally the result of US GAAP adjustments for the:
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- amortization of goodwill and trademarks
- reversal of gain on sale of land
- reversal of capitalized issuance costs
- reversal of the revaluation of fixed assets and related depreciation
- reversal of the revaluation of assets held for sale and related depreciation
- minimum dividends required under Chilean GAAP
- capitalization of interest on assets under construction
- reversal of gain on investment in Viña Altaïr S.A.
- adjustment on derivative financial instruments
- reversal of impairment of fixed assets held for sale
- adjustments of employee severance indemnities
- recording of deferred income taxes (FAS No. 109)
- reversal of negative goodwill from change in CCU Argentina participation, and
- adjustment of depreciation on fixed assets which were previously classified as assets held for sale.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our main source of liquidity has been cash generated by our operating activities, which amounted to Ch$114,445 million, Ch$130,221 million and Ch$119,595 million during 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.
Our cash flow from operations and working capital are our primary sources to meet both our short-term and long-term obligations. In the opinion of our management, they are sufficient to this end.
In 2008, our cash flows provided by operating activities totaled Ch$119,595 million. The main component of cash flows generated by operating activities in 2008 was net income of Ch$82,631 million compared to Ch$86,248 million in 2007. In 2008, we recorded a cash gain of Ch$1,227 million compared to a cash gain of Ch$16,618 million in 2007, primarily due to the gain on the sale of investments during 2007. Cash flows from the changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted in the net use of Ch$39,753 million compared to the net use of Ch$7,437 million in 2007. Cash used in 2008, resulted primarily from an increase in our inventories, decrease in income tax payable and in other accounts payable affecting non-operating results.
In 2008, our cash flows used in financing activities totaled Ch$30,077 million compared to Ch$24,283 million in 2007. The main components of cash flows used in financing activities consisted of dividends paid of Ch$52,492 million, repayment of bank borrowings of Ch$6,012 million and repayment of bonds payable of Ch$3,724 million, partially offset by proceeds from bank borrowings of Ch$32,175 million. In 2007, payments of cash dividends were Ch$42,756 million, repayment of bank borrowings was Ch$34,887 million, repayment of bonds payable were Ch$2,831 million and proceeds from bank borrowing were Ch$48,214 million.
In 2008, our cash used in investment activities totaled Ch$160,490 million compared to cash used in investing activities of Ch$52,099 million in 2007. The main components of cash used in investment activities in 2008 consisted of capital expenditures of Ch$63,316 million and investments in affiliates of Ch$96,753 million and other investments in financial instruments Ch$5,690 million, partially offset by the proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment of Ch$1,016 million.
There are no material restrictions, either legal or economic, that would limit our ability to transfer funds (i.e., dividends, loans, or advances) from our subsidiaries to us.
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As of December 31, 2008, we had Ch$30,584 million in cash, time deposits and marketable securities, which does not include Ch$19,320 million corresponding to readjustable promissory notes issued by the Central Bank and purchased under resale agreements. Indebtedness, including accrued interest, amounted to Ch$247,535 million as of December 31, 2008. Short-term indebtedness included:
- Ch$17,323 million of short-term obligations to banks and financial institutions under certain lines of credit described below,
- Ch$64,739 million representing the current portion of long-term debt to banks.
- Ch$4,344 million representing the current portion of long-term public bonds, and
As of December 31, 2008, long-term indebtedness, excluding the current portion, comprised:
- Ch$103,690 million of long-term obligations to banks, and
- Ch$57,439 million of long-term obligations to the public represented by bonds.
On November 12, 2008, the Company entered into to Ch$30,000 million, two year unsecured, loan agreement. This credit agreement has a variable rate of 30 days TAB + 0.19% and can be prepaid without penalty in any monthly anniversary of the loan. On April 2, 2009 the Company issued two series of notes for UF 3 million and UF 2 million for a total of Ch$104,188 million in order to refinance said loan and the US$100 million syndicated loan due in November 2009. The conditions of the bonds are as follows:
“I” Series | “H” Serie | |||
UF amount | 3 million | 2 million | ||
Term | 5 years | 21 years | ||
Duration | 4.63 years | 11.5 years | ||
Amortization | Bullet | Since year 11 | ||
Interest rate | UF+3.00% | UF+4.25% | ||
On November 23, 2007, the Cayman Islands Branch of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. entered into a US$70 million, five-year unsecured, loan agreement. This credit agreement had a variable interest rate of LIBOR + 0.27% in U.S. dollars. The amortization of the loan will be done in one payment at the maturity date. Interest payments are on a semi-annual basis. We expect to repay this debt with the cash generated by our operating activities.
To avoid the exchange and interest risks of this loan, we entered into a cross currency interest rate swap agreement for the total of the loan. As a consequence, we replaced the risk of the exchange rate and LIBOR fluctuations for this credit agreement, by a fixed rate of 2.75% in Unidad de Fomento, or UF, a daily indexed peso-denominated monetary unit that is set daily in advance based on the previous month’s inflation rate.
As of December 31, 2008, we were required, under our debt covenants then in effect, to maintain certain financial ratios. The most significant covenants required us to maintain a consolidated interest coverage ratio (the ratio of operating income plus depreciation and operating amortization to interest expenses) equal to or higher than 3.00 to 1.00, to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio (the ratio of financial debt to operating income plus depreciation and operating amortization) equal or lower than 3.00 to 1.00, and a minimum consolidated equity of UF15 million (as of December 31, 2008, approximately Ch$321,789 million). Furthermore, we were required to maintain an indebtedness ratio (the ratio of total liabilities to shareholders’ equity) no greater than 1.5 to 1.0 on a consolidated basis and 1.7 to 1.0 on an unconsolidated basis, as well as a ratio of our unpledged assets over our unsecured liabilities of at least 1.2, on both a consolidated and unconsolidated basis.
At December 31, 2008, we met all our financial debt covenants and had a consolidated interest coverage ratio of 14.39 to 1, a consolidated leverage ratio of 1.49 to 1. Our consolidated equity as of December 31, 2008 was Ch$496,246 million (UF23.1 million). Our indebtedness ratio was 0.89 and 0.82 on an unconsolidated and consolidated basis, respectively. The ratios of unpledged assets over unsecured liabilities were 2.12 and 2.22 on an unconsolidated and consolidated basis, respectively.
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None of our indebtedness, or that of our subsidiaries, contains any term that restricts our ability to pay dividends, except for our syndicated loan and local bonds that require us to maintain a minimum consolidated equity of UF15 million (as of December 31, 2008, approximately Ch$321,789 million).
The following table summarizes debt obligations held by us as of December 31, 2008. The table presents principal payment obligations in millions of Chilean pesos by interest rate structure, financial instrument and currency, with their respective maturity dates and related weighted-average interest rates:
Interest-Bearing Debt as of December 31, 2008
(millions of Ch$, except percentages)
Expected Maturity Date | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed rate | Average Int. Rate | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | TOTAL | ||||||||||
Ch$ (UF) (1) | Bonds | 3.9% | Ch$6,089 | 5,943 | 5,798 | 5,652 | 5,507 | 52,131 | 81,120 | |||||||||
Ch$ (UF) (1)(2) | Banks | 5.8% | 15,042 | 14,212 | 2,295 | 1,283 | 1,104 | 30,629 | 64,565 | |||||||||
US$ | Banks | 8.5% | 2,856 | - | - | - | - | - | 2,856 | |||||||||
Argentine pesos | Banks | 20.0% | 1,354 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,354 | |||||||||
TOTAL | Ch$25,341 | 20,155 | 8,093 | 6,935 | 6,611 | 82,760 | 149,895 | |||||||||||
Variable rate | Average Int. Rate | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | TOTAL | ||||||||||
Ch$ (3) | Banks | 9.5% | 4,001 | 33,103 | - | - | - | - | 37,104 | |||||||||
US$ (4) | Banks | 2.8% | 69,586 | 1,800 | 1,800 | 46,191 | - | - | 119,377 | |||||||||
TOTAL | Ch$73,587 | 34,903 | 1,800 | 46,191 | - | - | 156,481 | |||||||||||
(1) | A UF (Unidad de Fomento) is a daily indexed, peso-denominated monetary unit. The UF is set daily in advance based on the previous month's inflation rate. | |
(2) | Banks and Financial Institutions. | |
(3) | The TAB rate as of December 31, 2008 was applied until maturity. | |
(4) | Includes the US$100 million syndicated loan and the US$70 million loan, which are hedged through cross-currency interest rate swap agreements. LIBOR as of December 31, 2008 was applied until maturity. |
To hedge our market risks, we hold debt obligations in various currencies and enter into derivatives contracts. See “Item 11: Quantitative Information About Market Risk.”
Our treasury policy is to invest in highly liquid financial instruments issued by first class financial institutions. Investments are made primarily in Chilean pesos and U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2008, we had invested Ch$37,094 million in Chilean peso related instruments and Ch$1,120 million in U.S. dollar related instruments.
The following table summarizes financial instruments, including time deposits, marketable securities and securities purchased pursuant to repurchase agreements, held by us as of December 31, 2008:
Short-Term Financial Instruments | ||
(millions of Ch$) | ||
Ch$ | 37,094 | |
US$ | 1,120 | |
TOTAL | 38,214 | |
Capital Expenditures Commitments
Our plans for capital expenditures through 2012 period are displayed in the following table. The information is presented in constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008.
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Business Unit | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||
(Ch$ Millions as of December 2008) | ||||||||
Beer Chile | ||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 8.670 | 13.784 | 22.731 | 26.820 | ||||
Packaging | 3.192 | 2.567 | 5.304 | 5.462 | ||||
Marketing assets | 2.687 | 2.535 | 4.897 | 4.970 | ||||
Software and hardware | 98 | 70 | 86 | 86 | ||||
Others | 145 | 54 | 102 | 182 | ||||
Total | 14.793 | 19.009 | 33.120 | 37.520 | ||||
Beer Argentina | ||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 2.097 | 4.129 | 1.482 | 11.082 | ||||
Packaging | 2.267 | 988 | 1.976 | 3.388 | ||||
Marketing assets | 989 | 1.131 | 2.422 | 2.561 | ||||
Software and hardware | 191 | 56 | 113 | 113 | ||||
Others | 54 | 38 | 169 | 169 | ||||
Total | 5.598 | 6.343 | 6.163 | 17.314 | ||||
Non alcoholic beverages | ||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 2.823 | 3.717 | 10.457 | 4.085 | ||||
Packaging | 5.037 | 2.090 | 4.317 | 4.548 | ||||
Marketing assets | 2.723 | 2.126 | 4.292 | 4.493 | ||||
Software and hardware | 5 | 5 | 11 | 11 | ||||
Others | 15 | 62 | 123 | 123 | ||||
Total | 10.603 | 8.000 | 19.200 | 13.261 | ||||
Wine | ||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 2.014 | 143 | 291 | 297 | ||||
Packaging | 915 | 384 | 892 | 1.003 | ||||
Marketing assets | 89 | 120 | 244 | 249 | ||||
Software and hardware | 274 | 101 | 234 | 201 | ||||
Others | 654 | 222 | 476 | 499 | ||||
Total | 3.946 | 970 | 2.138 | 2.249 | ||||
Spirits | ||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 1.353 | 1.151 | 1.067 | 1.039 | ||||
Packaging | 12 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Marketing assets | 65 | 54 | 64 | 21 | ||||
Software and hardware | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Others | 52 | 12 | 21 | 0 | ||||
Total | 1.485 | 1.222 | 1.153 | 1.060 | ||||
Others | 7.110 | 29.512 | 16.019 | 9.694 | ||||
Total | 43.534 | 65.056 | 77.793 | 81.097 | ||||
During the years 2009 through 2012, we plan to make capital expenditures mainly to adapt, update and increase production capacity, install new packaging lines, enhance environmental protection, optimize our distribution system and warehouse facilities, invest in additional returnable bottles and crates to replace obsolete inventories, adapt to new packaging formats and support industry volume growth. Capital expenditures are also focused on improving management information systems and making additional investments in marketing assets.
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We review our capital investment program periodically and changes to the program are made as appropriate. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will make any of these proposed capital expenditures at the anticipated level or at all. In addition, we are analyzing the possibility of making acquisitions in the same or related beverage businesses, either in Chile or in other countries of South America’s southern cone. Our capital investment program is subject to revision from time to time due to changes in market conditions for our products, general economic conditions in Chile, Argentina and elsewhere, interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates, competitive conditions and other factors.
We expect to fund our capital expenditures through a combination of internally generated funds and long term indebtedness.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our known contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008:
Payments due by period | ||||||||||
(unaudited, in million of Chilean pesos) | ||||||||||
Less than | More than | |||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Total | 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5 years | |||||
Long-Term Debt Obligations (1) | 270,570 | 97,893 | 62,880 | 57,666 | 52,131 | |||||
Capital Lease Obligations (2) | 35,806 | 1,035 | 2,071 | 2,071 | 30,629 | |||||
Operating Lease Obligations (3) | 75,898 | 40,621 | 24,310 | 3,193 | 7,775 | |||||
Purchase Obligations (4) | 153,057 | 45,612 | 27,338 | 21,192 | 58,915 | |||||
Other Long-Term Liabilities (5) | 8,568 | - | - | - | 8,568 | |||||
Total | 543,899 | 185,160 | 116,599 | 84,122 | 158,017 | |||||
__________ (1) Includes long-term bank loans, bonds payable and related interests. Ch$ 30,000 1-3 years were prepaid in May 2009. | ||||||||||
(2) Includes our obligation to lease our new headquarter building (see Note 10 to the financial statements). | ||||||||||
(3) Includes real state property, vineyards and warehouse leases, as well as marketing contracts. | ||||||||||
(4) Includes raw material purchase contracts | ||||||||||
(5) Includes obligations for deposits on bottles and containers |
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements involving any transactions, agreements or other contractual arrangements involving an unconsolidated entity under which we have:
- made guarantees;
- a retained or a contingent interest in transferred assets;
- an obligation under derivative instruments classified as equity; or
- any obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to us, or that engages in leasing, hedging or research and development arrangements with us.
We record payments made under operating leases as expenses, and none of our operating lease obligations are reflected on our balance sheet. We have no other off-balance sheet arrangements. See Note 17 to our audited consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion of contingencies, including guarantees.
Research and Development
Our research and development efforts do not involve material expenditures, as we rely primarily on technical assistance and technology transfer agreements with domestic and foreign companies and institutes. In 2003, we entered into two technical agreements with Heineken International for assistance regarding all technical issues related to the production and bottling of Heineken Lager, one for Chile and the other one for Argentina. The initial term of these agreements is ten years beginning in June 2003, renewable for subsequent periods of five years. In May 2004, we entered into a technical assistance agreement with Heineken Technical Services B.V. for operational aspects of our breweries, with an initial term of one year, renewable for subsequent periods of one year each. See “Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees” and “Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”. The license agreement between CCU Argentina and Anheuser-Busch, signed in 1995, as amended, also provides us with both technical and marketing assistance for the production and marketing of Budweiser beer brand in Argentina. See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Our Business – Business Overview – Our Beer Business – Our Beer Business in Argentina – Beer Production and Marketing in Argentina”.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Practices
A summary of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in this annual report. The preparation of financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Our estimates and assumptions are based on historical experiences, changes in the business environment and information collected from qualified external sources. However, actual results may differ from estimates under different conditions, sometimes materially. Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and/or require management’s most subjective judgments. Our most critical accounting polices and estimates are described below.
a) Property, plant, equipment and bottles:The key judgments we must make under the property and equipment policy include the estimation of the useful lives of our various asset types, expected residual values, the election to utilize primarily the straight-line method for recording depreciation, management’s judgment regarding appropriate capitalization or expensing of costs related to fixed assets, and our determination that no impairment exists.
Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. In estimating the useful lives (no expected residual values are considered) we have primarily relied upon actual experience with the same or similar types of equipment and recommendations from the manufacturers. Useful lives are based on the estimated amount of years an asset will be productive. Subsequent revisions to these estimates could be caused by new technologies, changes to maintenance procedures, changes in utilization of the equipment, and changing market prices of new and used equipment of the same or similar types.
Property and equipment assets are evaluated for possible impairment, as applicable. Factors that would indicate potential impairment may include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of the long-lived asset(s), a significant change in the long-lived asset’s physical condition and operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of the long-lived asset. This process requires our estimate of future cash flows generated by each asset or group of assets. For any instance where this evaluation process indicates impairment, the appropriate asset’s carrying values are written down to net realizable value and the amount of the write-down is charged against the results of continuing operations.
Expenditures that substantially improve and/or increase the useful life of facilities and equipment are capitalized. Minor and other unscheduled maintenance costs are charged to income as incurred.
b) Goodwill, negative goodwill and other intangible assets:Management exercises judgment in assessing goodwill, negative goodwill and other intangibles including trademarks for impairment. Goodwill is recorded as the excess of the purchase price of companies acquired over their net book value (for acquisitions made prior to and inclusive of December 31, 2003) and over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired (for acquisitions made after December 31, 2003). We amortize costs in excess of book value of net assets (and the excess of book value over cost) of our businesses using the straight-line method over a period not to exceed 20 years. This period is based on management’s assumption regarding the estimated period of recovery regarding these investments. This assumption takes into consideration various factors, including but not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of the investment, significant changes in legal or regulatory provisions and how these may impact the value of an investment and rates of returns used in calculating operating or cash flows associated with the use of our assets. We annually review the recorded value of our goodwill, or sooner if changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. Recoverability of the carrying value of the asset is determined by comparing net book value, including goodwill, to fair value based on the estimated future net cash flows of the relevant assets.
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c) Deposits on bottles and containers:Glass and plastic returnable bottles and crates are presented within fixed assets at their historic cost plus price-level restatement and net of obsolescence provisions. Glass bottles are depreciated over an average period of 7.9 years, plastic bottles over an average period of 4.6 years and plastic crates over an average period of 16.2 years. In Chile, returnable bottles are proprietary and are only given to customers in exchange for a deposit equivalent to a significant portion of the replacement cost of such bottles. The amount collected is recorded in the deposits on bottles and containers liability account that is not price-level adjusted. The deposit is returned to the customer when the bottles and the commodity agreement are returned. The expected return of bottles and containers put into circulation in the market and the estimated value of valid deposits, especially those from glass bottles, are adjusted annually. The adjustment is based on an estimate that is carried out by counting the bottles held by customers and adding an estimate of the number of bottles in hands of the final consumers. This latter estimate is based on independent studies and historical information regarding the return of these bottles. In Argentina, all companies use the same returnable bottles. Therefore, unlike in Chile where returnable bottles are proprietary and require a deposit, bottles are loaned to customers at no cost.
d) Severance Indemnities: As of December 31, 2008, the liabilities for mandatory severance indemnities have been determined at their current value, based on the accrued cost of the benefit, using an annual discount interest rate of 6% (6% in 2007). The calculation also considers the estimated years of service that the personnel will have at the date of their retirement. In the case of the costs for severance indemnities that resulted from changes in the collective contractual agreements, which included increasing the agreed benefits, these effects have been recognized as an asset and are being amortized on the basis of the average expected term of permanence of the employees in the Company.
e) Investments:The investments in Argentinean subsidiaries, CICSA and Finca La Celia, are recorded in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 64 of the Chilean Institute of Accountants. Under this pronouncement, the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, which operate in countries that are exposed to significant risks, restrictions or inflation/exchange fluctuations must be remeasured into U.S. dollars and translated into Chilean pesos at the year-end exchange rate. As a result, no effect is given to price-level restatements based on inflation in those countries and the U.S. dollar is considered to be the functional currency of these operations. Accordingly, the financial statements of the Argentinean subsidiaries are prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP except for the application of monetary correction and then remeasured into U.S. dollars as follows:
1) Monetary assets and liabilities at the closing exchange rate for the period;
2) All other assets and liabilities and shareholders’ equity are expressed in historical U.S. dollars;
3) Income and expenses accounts at average rate during the period;
4) The resulting exchange adjustments are included in the results of operations.
The resulting U.S. dollar amounts are then translated to Chilean pesos at the Observed Exchange Rate of the U.S. dollar in relation to the Chilean peso at the balance sheet date. The net equity in the foreign subsidiaries in Chilean pesos is compared to the investment valued by the equity method at the beginning of the year, as adjusted for price-level changes in Chile during the year. Any difference between the Company’s participation in the equity of the subsidiaries and the investment therein as adjusted for Chilean inflation, arises from exchange adjustments, which are included in the Cumulative Translation Adjustment account in the equity section of the balance sheet under Chilean GAAP.
Argentine investments are subject to risk and certain restrictions due to potential inflationary and exchange risk. Impairment tests are performed on these and all investments when facts and circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. This process requires management’s assessment of current conditions and management’s estimate of future cash flows and future economic conditions. Any impairment loss is measured on the basis of the difference between the carrying value and fair value of these investments.
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Trend Information
The Chilean economy experienced growth of 3.2% in 2008, after an increase of 4.7% in 2007. The GDP growth slowed down during the end of 2008, showing an increase of only 0.2% in the last quarter as compared to an average growth of 4.2% in the previous 3 quarters. The economy trend slow down has continued during 2009, decreasing 2.1% during the first quarter and expecting a growth between minus 1.0% and 0% for the whole year, according to the Central Bank of Chile. On the domestic side of the economy during 2008, the internal demand increased 7.4%, private consumption increased 4.3% and capital accumulation grew by 19.5% . Internal demand decreased by 0.2% in the last quarter 2008 with a 0.8% private consumption increase (the lowest since the third quarter of 1999) and a government spending increase of 2.7% . Nevertheless, the inflation rate reached 7.1% in 2008 and 4.5% in the twelvemonth period ended in April 2009. We cannot assure you that our products’ consumption will vary in the same proportion as the overall economic indicators, since there is no perfect correlation. The conditions in particular sectors of the economy may have different impact in our business. Factors such as competition and changes in relative prices among the various type of beverages can affect the consumption of our products. In particular, our beer brands in Chile may face increased competition from other brewers as well as from alcoholic beverages, such as wine and spirits, and non-alcoholic beverages, such as soft drinks. Historically, beer consumption in Chile historically has been influenced by changes in domestic wine prices. Increases in domestic wine prices tend to increase beer consumption, while reductions in wine prices have reduced or slowed down the growth of beer consumption. For example, during 2005 beer consumption and wine prices increased significantly. However, in 2006, beer consumption grew significantly but wine prices decreased. Recently, as a result of a smaller 2008 wine harvest and the higher international demand for Chilean wine, the price of bulk wine increased. Similarly, the price of soft drinks has decreased relative to the price of beer over the past few years due to lower packaging costs and the introduction of larger packaging formats, which may also affect further growth in beer consumption.
Since 2005, the Argentine government has restricted gas exports to Chile due to supply problems in that country. This situation has increased the costs of operating our beer production plants in Chile and Argentina, as well as our soft drinks plants in Chile. Additionally, it has increased electrical power costs related to these same gas restrictions. We do not need additional investments because our boilers can work with gas or with alternative fuels, such as diesel oil or butane gas. In addition, the new plant built in Quintero to process imported GNL (liquefied natural gas) will start its operation in August 2009, bringing relief to the energy issue.
After four years of recession in Argentina, during 2003, the economy stabilized, evidenced by significant increases in consumption and in the recovery of prices in the beer industry. This positive trend has continued throughout 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, when GDP grew 9.0%, 9.2%, 8.5%, 8.7% and 7.0%, respectively. Nevertheless, further recovery in Argentina will depend on deep structural reforms in many areas, including regulations in several markets, as well as the solution of the local energy crisis and an increase in investments to support current economic growth.
Revenues from CCU Argentina, in Chilean pesos, are also subject to the volatility of exchange rates of the Chilean peso, U.S. dollar and Argentine peso in any given period. This volatility may also affect the level of income reported from our foreign operations under Chilean GAAP.
ITEM 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our executive officers and members of our board of directors, as of April 2009:
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Directors | Position | Position Held Since | At CCU Since | |||
Guillermo Luksic (1) | Chairman of the Board | September 1990 | November 1986 | |||
and Director | (Chairman) November | |||||
1986 (Director) | ||||||
John Nicolson (2) | Vice Chairman of the | November 2008 (Vice | October 2008 | |||
Board and Director | Chairman) October 2008 | |||||
(Director) | ||||||
Andrónico Luksic (1) | Director | November 1986 | November 1986 | |||
Giorgio Maschietto | Director | April 2001 | April 2001 | |||
Manuel José Noguera | Director | May 1987 | May 1987 | |||
Carlos Olivos | Director | October 2003 | October 2003 | |||
Philippe Pasquet | Director | June 2003 | June 2003 | |||
Francisco Pérez (3) | Director | July 1998 | February 1991 | |||
Alberto Sobredo | Director | April 2007 | April 2007 | |||
Senior Management | Position | Position Held Since | At Company Since | |||
Patricio Jottar | Chief Executive Officer | July 1998 | July 1998 | |||
Marcela Achurra | Legal Affairs Manager | February 2005 | September 1995 | |||
Javier Bitar | Viña San Pedro Manager | January 2008 | May 2004 | |||
Marisol Bravo | Corporate Affairs and | June 1994 | July 1991 | |||
Public Relations Manager | ||||||
Theodorus De Rond | CCU Chile Manager | September 2007 | September 2007 | |||
Pablo De Vescovi | Human Resources | September 1998 | November 1994 | |||
Manager | ||||||
Francisco Diharasarri | ECUSA Manager | October 2003 | June 1985 | |||
Roelf Duursema | General Comptroller | January 2005 | November 2004 | |||
Alvaro Fernández | Cía. Pisquera de Chile | March 2005 | September 1998 | |||
Manager | ||||||
Armin Kunstmann | Chairman of Cía. | May 2002 | November 2006 | |||
Cervecera Kunstmann | ||||||
Dirk Leisewitz | Corporate Operations | January 2005 | December 1987 | |||
Manager | ||||||
Hugo Ovando | Development Manager | September 2002 | September 1997 | |||
Ricardo Reyes | Chief Financial Officer | July 2005 | July 1996 | |||
Fernando Sanchis | CCU Argentina Manager | May 1995 | November 1994 | |||
(1) | Mr. Guillermo Luksic and Mr. Andrónico Luksic are brothers. | |
(2) | Our Board of Directors, at its meeting held on October 1, 2008, appointed Mr. John Nicolson as Director following the resignation of Mr. Massimo von Wunster as Vice Chairman and Director. Mr. Nicholson was appointed Vice Chairman of the Board on November 5, 2008 | |
(3) | Mr. Francisco Pérez was our Chief Executive Officer between 1991 and 1998. |
Guillermo Luksic (53), has served as our Chairman of the Board and Director since September 1990 and November 1986, respectively. He is currently Chairman of the Board of Directors of Quiñenco S.A., CCU Chile Ltda., ECUSA, CCU Argentina S.A., Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A., Telefónica del Sur S.A. and Madeco S.A., as well as a member of the board of directors of several other companies, including CICSA, Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A., Banco de Chile, Antofagasta plc. and IRSA.
John Nicolson (55), has served as our Director since October 2008 and was appointed as Vice Chairman in November 2008. He is currently President of Heineken Americas, having joined from Scottish&Newcastle following its acquisition by Heineken N.V. He is also a member of Heineken’s Executive Committee, a board member of United Breweries India and a member of Edinburgh University’s Advisory Board. He received a degree in Marketing and Economics at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland, and also completed the Executive Programme at Carnegie Mellon University, USA and the Directors’ Forum at London Business School, United Kingdom.
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Andrónico Luksic (55), has served as our Director since November 1986. He is currently Chairman of the Board of SM Chile S.A., Vice Chairman of the Board of Banco de Chile, Quiñenco S.A. and LQIF S.A., as well as a member of the board of directors of several other companies, including Madeco S.A.
Giorgio Maschietto (69), has served as our Director since April 2001, and served as our Vice Chairman of the Board from April 2001 until May 2007. He is also currently a member of the board of directors of Viña San Pedro S.A., ECUSA, Cervecera Chile Ltda., CCU Argentina S.A., CICSA, Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A., IRSA, Cecinas San Jorge S.A. and Multitiendas Corona S.A. Until his retirement in 1998, he held several positions at Unilever in Italy, United Kingdom and Chile. He studied chemical engineering at the Catholic University of Valparaíso.
Manuel José Noguera (59), has served as our Director since May 1987. He is currently Chief Legal Counsel of Quiñenco S.A. and senior partner at the law firm Noguera, Larraín y Dulanto Ltda. He has been working with the Luksic group for over 30 years. He is member of the board of several companies, including IRSA, Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A. and LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. and he is an advisor to the Board of Madeco S.A. He received his law degree from the Catholic University of Chile.
Carlos Olivos (67), has served as our Director since October 2003. He is currently senior partner at the law firm Guerrero, Olivos, Novoa y Errázuriz Ltda., as well as member of the board of directors of Banco Santander Santiago S.A. He received his law degree from the University of Chile and his Master’s degree in Comparative Jurisprudence from the New York University Law School.
Phillipe Pasquet (70), has served as our Director since June 2003. He has been working for Heineken since 1976. He is member of the board of directors of CCU Argentina S.A., Viña San Pedro S.A., ECUSA, Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A., Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A. and IRSA, as well as Florida Bebidas S.A. in Costa Rica and Cervecería Baru-Panamá in Panama. He received degrees from theEcole Supérieure de Commerce at Dijon, France, theInstitut International de Commerce at Paris, and theCentre Européen d’Education Permanente at Fontainebleau, France.
Francisco Pérez (51), has served as our Director since July 1998. He is Chief Executive Officer of Quiñenco S.A. since 1998. Prior to joining Quiñenco, he was our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, between 1991 and 1998. He is member of the board of several companies, including CCU Argentina S.A., ECUSA, Viña San Pedro S.A., Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A., IRSA, Madeco S.A., Banco de Chile, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A., Telefónica del Sur S.A., Cía. de Teléfonos de Coyhaique S.A. and Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A. He received a degree in Business Administration from the Catholic University of Chile and a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Chicago.
Alberto Sobredo (60), has served as our independant Director since April 2007 when he was appointed by the Pension Fund administrators. He is also currently member of the board of directors and President of the Marketing Circle of ICARE. He held several positions at Gillette, Reckitt & Colman and Unilever, where he was President and CEO of Unilever Latin America until his retirement in January 2007. He received a Doctorate degree in Management Sciences from the University UADE in Argentina.
Patricio Jottar (46), has served as our Chief Executive Officer since 1998. He is also currently a Director of CCU Argentina, ECUSA, Viña San Pedro S.A., Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A., Cervecería Austral S.A., Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. and Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A. and is Chairman of the Board of Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A.. Prior to joining us, he was Chief Executive Officer of Santander Chile Holding. He received a degree in Business Administration from the Catholic University of Chile and a Master’s degree in Economics and Business Administration from theInstituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa(“IESE”), in Barcelona, Spain.
Marcela Achurra (43), is our Legal Affairs Manager and has been with us since 1995. She is also a Director of Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. Prior to her current position, she was Legal Counsel of our subsidiary Viña San Pedro S.A. She received her law degree from the Catholic University of Chile.
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Javier Bitar (43), is the General Manager of VSPT and has been with us since 2004. Additionally, he is member of the board of Viñas Valles de Chile S.A., a joint venture of VSPT. Prior to his current position, he was Chief Operating Officer of VSPT and General Manager of Viña Santa Helena. Prior to joining us, he was Senior Partner at Grupo Sur Consultores, a boutique consulting firm specializing in management consulting and business process design. He received Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Mathematical Engineering from the University of Chile and a diploma in Corporate Finance from the University Adolfo Ibáñez in Chile.
Marisol Bravo (49), is our Corporate Affairs and Public Relations Manager and has been with us since 1991. Prior to her current position, she was Head of Special Projects. Before joining us, she was Assistant Manager of Marketing at Citicorp Mutual Funds. She received a degree in Business Administration from the University of Chile.
Theodorus De Rond (54), is the General Manager of CCU Chile and has been with us since 2007. He is also currently a Director of Cervecería Austral S.A. He has been working with Heineken since 1978, in different countries around the world, in senior marketing and sales positions, as well as General Management. Prior to joining us he was Managing Director of Guinness Anchor Berhad (a joint venture between Asian Pacific Breweries and Diageo) in Malaysia, and before that the Corporate Marketing Director of Heineken in Amsterdam. He received a degree from Retail College of the Netherlands and has studies in Strategic Marketing, Finance and General Management programs from INSEAD in France.
Pablo De Vescovi (56), is our Human Resources Manager and has been with us since 1994. Prior to serving in this capacity, he was Human Resources Manager of ECUSA. Before joining ECUSA he was the Human Resources Manager of Embotelladora Chile S.A. (“Embochile”), a former PepsiCo bottler, and Human Resources Vice President of The Chase Manhattan Bank in Chile. He received a degree in Business Administration from the Catholic University of Chile.
Francisco Diharasarri (48), is the General Manager of ECUSA and has been with us since 1985. Prior to his current position, he was General Manager of CCU Chile, General Manager of ECUSA and General Manager of PLASCO. He is also currently Chairman of the Board of Foods Compañía de Alimentos S.A. and Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. He received a degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Chile.
Roelf Duursema (58), is our General Comptroller and has been with us since 2004. He has been working with Heineken since 1978, in different countries around the world, in marketing, sales, finance and information technology positions, as well as General Management. Prior to joining us he was the Director for Corporate Information Technology for the Heineken Group. He received a degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Technical University Delft in the Netherlands and a Master’s degree in Economics from the Erasmus University in Rotterdam.
Alvaro Fernández (42), is the General Manager of Compañía Pisquera de Chile and has been with us since 1998. Prior to his current position, he was General Manager of Pisconor and our Development Manager. He is also Director of Cervecería Austral S.A., Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., CICSA and Transportes CCU Ltda. Prior to joining us he was Commercial Manager of Santander Life Insurance Company and Vice President of Citicorp. He received a degree in Business Administration from the Catholic University of Chile.
Armin Kunstmann (56), is the Chairman of the Board of Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., or CCK, and has been with us since 2006. He started its original brewery in 1991, which later became CCK. He is currently Director of Levaduras Collico S.A., a yeast company, and of Austral Incuba, a new business development center of Universidad Austral from Valdivia, an important university in Southern Chile. Prior to his current position, he was General Manager of Levaduras Collico S.A. during 12 years. He received a degree in Chemical Civil Engineering and a Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering from the University Federico Santa María in Chile.
Dirk Leisewitz (63), is our Corporate Operations Manager and has been with us since 1987. He is currently Director of Cervecería Austral S.A., Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A. and Clínica Alemana de Santiago S.A., a major private hospital in Chile. He is also a council of the Universidad Del Desarrollo, a large private university in Chile. Additionally, until April 2008, he was member of the board of the Chilean-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Prior to his current position, he was our General Comptroller during 17 years. Prior to joining us, he was Division Manager of the Morgan Guaranty Group in Chile. He received a degree in Industrial Civil Engineering from the University of Chile, and a Master’s degree in Administration and Management from the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium.
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Hugo Ovando (39), is our Development Manager and has been with us since 1997. He is also a Director of Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. Prior to his current position, he was Corporate Projects Manager and Investor Relations Manager. He received a degree in Business Administration from the Catholic University of Chile and a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Babson College.
Ricardo Reyes(54), is our Chief Financial Officer and he has been with us since 1996. Prior to his current position, he was the General Manager of VSPT between May 2004 and July 2005, and our Chief Financial Officer for almost 9 years. Prior to joining us, he worked 18 years at Esso Chile Petrolera, an Exxon affiliate, holding the positions of Operations Manager, Financial and Planning Manager, and Information System Manager. He received a degree in Civil Engineering from the Catholic University of Chile.
Fernando Sanchis (48), is the General Manager of CCU Argentina and has been with us since 1995. Prior to joining us, he was Chief Financial Officer of Embochile, a former PepsiCo bottler and held the same position at Uruguay’s PepsiCo’s bottler. He received an accounting degree from the Buenos Aires University of Argentina.
Our senior managers are full time employees, therefore, they do not perform business activities outside us. The principal business activities of our directors are summarized in the following table:
Directors | Business Activities | ||
Guillermo Luksic | Chairman of Quiñenco | ||
Giorgio Maschietto | Director of Companies | ||
Andrónico Luksic | Vice Chairman of Banco de Chile | ||
Manuel José Noguera | Legal Counsel of Quiñenco | ||
Carlos Olivos | Senior Partner of Guerrero, Olivos, Novoa & Errázuriz (law firm) | ||
Philippe Pasquet | Director of Companies related to Heineken | ||
Francisco Pérez | Quiñenco’s CEO | ||
Alberto Sobredo | Director of Companies | ||
John Nicolson | President of Heineken Americas |
On January 13, 2003, the existing shareholders’ agreement was amended in order to allow the Schörghuber Group to sell its interest in IRSA to Heineken Americas B.V., a subsidiary of Heineken International B.V. On April 17, 2003, the Schörghuber Group gave Quiñenco formal notice of the sale of its interest in IRSA to Heineken International B.V. Currently, Heineken Chile Ltda., a Chilean limited corporation controlled by Heineken Americas B.V., owns 50% of IRSA’s shares. As of December 31, 2005, IRSA’s primary shareholders’ agreement gives Quiñenco the right to propose to our board of directors the candidates for Chief Executive Officer, and to Heineken Chile Ltda. our General Comptroller and CCU Chile’s General Manager. On the other hand, under the agreement, neither Quiñenco nor Heineken Chile Ltda. can separately, directly or indirectly, buy or sell our shares.
Compensation
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the aggregate amount of compensation paid by us to all our directors was Ch$2,376 million.
The board of directors’ compensation is determined by the shareholders at the annual general shareholders’ meeting and may take into consideration proposals made by the Board. The Board’s compensation, approved at our shareholders’ meeting held on April 20, 2009, consists of an attendance fee per meeting of UF100 per board member and a fee that is twice as much for the Chairman, along with a profit-sharing amount equal to 3% of distributed dividends for all board members, proportionately (prior to 2008 this amount was 5% of distributed dividends). If distributed dividends exceed 50% of our liquid profits, the profit-sharing amount will be calculated over a maximum of 50% of our liquid profits. Additionally, board members who participate in the Directors Committee and Business Committee receive UF25 and UF17, respectively, for each meeting they attend. Furthermore, board members who sit on the Audit Committee receive UF25 monthly. In 2008, the total compensation paid by us and our subsidiaries to each of our directors for services rendered was as follows:
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Attendance | Dividend | |||||
Director | meetings fee (1) | Participation | Total | |||
(thousands of Ch$) | ||||||
Guillermo Luksic | Ch$110,395 | Ch$242,071 | Ch$352,466 | |||
John Nicolson | 2,130 | 2,130 | ||||
Massimo von Wunster | 19,126 | 236,699 | 255,825 | |||
Jorge Carey | 71,010 | 71,010 | ||||
Andrónico Luksic | 6,399 | 236,699 | 243,098 | |||
Giorgio Maschietto | 99,427 | 239,385 | 338,812 | |||
Manuel José Noguera | 25,537 | 236,699 | 262,236 | |||
Carlos Olivos | 29,786 | 236,699 | 266,485 | |||
Philippe Pasquet | 97,976 | 239,385 | 337,361 | |||
Francisco Pérez | 97,811 | 239,385 | 337,196 | |||
Alberto Sobredo | 38,296 | 165,689 | 203,985 | |||
(1) Includes the remuneration for members of the Audit, Directors and Business Committees. |
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the aggregate amount of compensation paid to our senior managers, to other managers and to the main executives, was Ch$5,240 million. We do not and are not required under Chilean law to disclose to our shareholders or otherwise make public information as to the compensation of our individual senior managers.
We do not maintain any stock option, pension or retirement programs for our directors or senior managers, with the only exception of VSPT. VSPT’s Extraordinary Shareholders meeting held on July 7, 2005 approved a capital increase to be partially used for stock option programs for the main executives of VSPT and its subsidiaries.
Board Practices
We are managed by our board of directors which, in accordance with our bylaws (Estatutos), is formed by nine directors who are elected at the regular shareholders’ meeting. The entire board of directors is elected for three years and the last election of directors took place in April 2009. The board of directors may appoint replacements to fill any vacancies that occur during periods between annual shareholders’ meetings. If such a vacancy occurs, the entire board of directors must be renewed at the next following shareholders’ meeting. Our senior managers are appointed by the board of directors and hold office at the discretion of the board of directors. There are regularly scheduled meetings of the board of directors once a month; extraordinary meetings are specially summoned by the Chairman at the request of any of the board of directors’ members. The board of directors does not have an executive committee. Nevertheless, we have a Business Committee consisting of certain board members which meets only on those occasions where it is necessary to review issues of special relevance which are later to be considered by the Board. Director service contracts do not contain any provision for benefits upon termination of employment.
Directors Committee. The Chilean Corporations Act was amended, effective December 20, 2000. The following is a summary of the main provisions of the amendment. Under the amendment, the boards of directors of corporations whose market capitalization reaches or exceeds 1.5 millionUnidades de Fomento (as of April 30, 2009 approximately Ch$31,491 million) shall designate acomité de directores or “directors committee”. If the market capitalization falls below this threshold, the obligation to designate a directors committee disappears. However, corporations which do not reach the threshold may voluntarily assume the obligations concerning the directors committee, in which case they shall strictly follow the provisions of the amendment.
The directors committee has the following powers and duties:
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- to examine the independent accountants’ reports, the balance sheets, and other financial statements submitted by the corporation’s managers or liquidators to the shareholders, and issue an opinion about them prior to their submission for shareholder approval;
- to propose to the board of directors, the independent accountants and the risk rating agencies to be hired, which the board must then propose on the first case and inform on the second, annually to the shareholders. Should the board of directors disagree with the directors committee’s proposal, the board shall be entitled to make its own proposal, submitting both to the shareholders for their consideration;
- to examine the documentation concerning (i) contracts or agreements in which directors have an interest and (ii) transactions between related or affiliated companies, and to produce a written report on such documentation. A copy of the report shall be delivered to the Chairman of the board, who shall read it at the board meeting in which the transaction is presented for approval or rejection;
- to examine the managers’ and principal executives’ remuneration policies and compensation plans; and
- all other matters contemplated in our bylaws or entrusted to the directors committee by a shareholders’ meeting or the board of directors.
For purposes of the related party transactions mentioned in the third bullet point above, the following persons are considered by the Securities Market Law and the Chilean Corporations Act to be related to a company:
- any entities within the financial conglomerate to which the company belongs;
- corporate entities that have, with respect to us, the character of parent company, affiliated company, subsidiary or related company. Parent companies are those that control directly or indirectly more than 50% of the subsidiary’s voting stock (or participation, in the case of business organizations other than stock companies), or that may otherwise elect or appoint, or cause the election or appointment, of the majority of the directors or officers. Limited partnerships (sociedades en comandita) may likewise be affiliates of a corporation, whenever the latter has the power to direct or guide the administration of the general partner (gestor) thereof. Related companies are those that, without actually controlling the affiliate, own directly or indirectly 10% or more of the affiliate’s voting stock (or participation, in the case of business organizations other than stock companies), or that may otherwise elect or appoint, or cause the election or appointment of at least one board member or manager;
- persons who are directors, managers, administrators or liquidators of us, and their spouses or their close relatives (i.e., parents, father/mother in law, sisters, brothers, sisters/brothers in law); and
- any person who, whether acting alone or in agreement with others, may appoint at least one member of our management or controls 10% or more of our voting capital.
In addition, the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance may presume that any individual or corporate entity is related to a company if, because of relationships of equity, administration, kinship, responsibility or subordination, the person:
- whether acting alone or in agreement with others, has sufficient voting power to influence our management;
- creates conflicts of interest in doing business with us;
- in the case of a corporate entity, is influenced in its management by the company; or
- holds an employment or position which affords the person access to non-public information about us and our business, which renders the person capable of influencing the value of the company’s securities.
However, a person shall not be considered to be related to a company by the mere fact of owning up to 5% of the company, or if the person is only an employee of the company without managerial responsibilities.
The directors committee’s discussions, agreements, and organization are regulated, in every applicable matter, by the Chilean Corporations Act provisions relating to board of directors’ meetings. The directors committee shall inform the board of directors about the manner in which it will request information and about its resolutions.
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In addition to the general liabilities imputable to any director, the directors that compose the directors committee shall, in the exercise of their duties, be jointly and severally liable for any damage caused to the corporation or the shareholders.
The directors committee shall be composed of three members, the majority of which shall be independent. Independent directors are those that would have been elected even if the votes cast in the director’s favor by the controlling shareholder and its related persons had not been counted. However, a majority of directors related to the controlling shareholder is permissible if there are an insufficient number of independent directors. Should there be more than three directors entitled to participate in the directors committee, the board of directors shall elect the members of the directors committee by unanimous vote. Should the board of directors fail to reach an agreement, the matter shall be decided by drawing. In its first meeting after our Annual Shareholders’ Meeting that took place on April 20, 2009, our board appointed as members of our directors committee Messrs. Philippe Pasquet, Francisco Pérez and Alberto Sobredo, of whom the first and the second were appointed through the controlling shareholder’s votes, and the third is an independent director.
The members of the directors committee shall be remunerated. The amount of such remuneration shall be established annually by the shareholders, taking in consideration the duties that the directors’ committee members shall perform. The remuneration of our directors committee members is 25Unidades de Fomento (as of April 30, 2009, approximately ThCh$525) per assistance to directors committee meeting.
The shareholders shall determine the budget of the directors committee and those of its advisors, and the directors committee shall be allowed to request the recruitment of professionals to fulfill its duties, within the limits imposed by the budget. The activities of the directors committee and its expenses, including its advisors’ expenses, shall be included in the annual report and conveyed to the shareholders. The budget of our directors committee and its advisors is 1,000Unidades de Fomento(as of April 30, 2009, approximately ThCh$20,994).
Audit Committee. In the session held on April 20, 2009, our board of directors appointed board members Giorgio Maschietto, Carlos Olivos and Alberto Sobredo to be members of the audit committee, in accordance with provisions of the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 applicable to us as a foreign private issuer with securities listed on a U.S. national exchange.
The duties of the audit committee are:
- To be responsible for the hiring, remuneration and supervision of the work of public accounting firms hired to prepare or issue audit reports or review or certify such reports. The external auditors shall report directly to the audit committee regarding such matters.
- Resolve disputes that arise between our administration and the external auditors with regard to financial reports.
- Grant approval prior to the contracting of non-audit services provided by the external auditors.
- Establish a procedure for receiving and responding to complaints received with regard to accounting, accounting controls or other auditing matters whereby employees may anonymously and confidentially report their concerns related to these matters.
- Establish an annual budget for expenses and hiring of external consultants.
The audit committee meets regularly and also holds meetings with our managers, our comptroller, and our internal and external auditors in order to discuss a variety of topics related to its duties.
Employees
Chile
As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, we had a total of 3,753, 3,958 and 4,419 permanent employees in Chile, respectively. As of December 2008, 2,331 were represented by 40 labor unions. The average tenure of our permanent employees was approximately eight years.
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The following table shows the breakdown of our employees by business segments:
Business | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||
Beer | 872 | 843 | 729 | |||
Non Alcoholic beverages | 905 | 908 | 873 | |||
Wine | 480 | 648 | 978 | |||
Transportes CCU | 476 | 635 | 734 | |||
Others (*) | 1,020 | 924 | 1,105 | |||
Total | 3,753 | 3,958 | 4,419 | |||
_______________ (*) Includes our corporate, pisco, plastic and Comercial CCU divisions |
Unionized employees represent approximately 55% of our total permanent workforce. Our management believes it generally has a good relationship with the labor unions representing our employees.
During 2008, 1,038 employees renewed their collective contracts, most of them for a period of two years. The contract renewals are expected to increase the unionized workforce costs between 2.5% and 3.0% .
All employees who are terminated for reasons other than misconduct are entitled by law to receive a severance payment. In the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, we made severance payments in the amounts of Ch$3,159 million, Ch$4,569 million and Ch$3,018 million, respectively. Permanent employees are entitled to the basic payment, as required by law, of one month’s salary for each year, or six-month portion thereof, worked. This condition is subject to a limitation of a total payment of no more than 11 months’ pay for employees hired after August 14, 1981. Severance payments to employees hired before August 14, 1981 are not subject to this limitation. Our employees who are subject to collective bargaining agreements have a contractual benefit to receive a payment in case of resignation, consisting of a payment of one monthly base salary for each full year worked, not subject to a limitation on the total amount payable but subject to a limitation on the total number of employees who can claim the severance benefit during any one year. In 2008, we laid off 339 employees.
We do not maintain any pension fund or retirement program for our employees. Workers in Chile are subject to a national pension fund law which establishes a system of independent pension plans, administered byAdministradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (“AFPs”). We have no liability for the performance of the pension plans or any pension payments to be made to the employees.
In addition to our permanent work force, as of December 31, 2008, we had 327 temporary employees, who were hired for specific time periods to satisfy short-term needs.
Argentina
a)Beer Business
As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, we had a total of 543, 547 and 822, permanent employees respectively. As of December 31, 2008, 378 employees were represented by four labor unions. Three of the labor unions are members of one federation, Federación Argentina de Trabajadores Cerveceros y Afines (the Argentine Beer Workers Federation, or “FATCA”). As of December 31, 2008, the average tenure of our employees in Argentina was approximately ten years. The significant growth of our staff as of December 2008 is due to the acquisition of Inversora Cervecera S.A. (ICSA) in April 2008.
Collective bargaining in Argentina is done on an industry-wide basis, rather than, as in Chile, on a company-by-company basis.
In Argentina, as in Chile, all employees who are terminated for reasons other than misconduct are entitled by law to receive a severance payment. We made severance payments in connection with our Argentine beer operations in the amounts of Ch$168 million, Ch$125 million and Ch$229 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. According to the Argentine Labor Law, employees who joined us before October 1998 are entitled to the basic payment as required by law of one month’s salary for each year or fraction thereof worked. This monthly amount cannot exceed three times the average monthly salary established under the applicable collective bargaining agreement and cannot be less than the equivalent of two monthly salaries of the employee.
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In addition to our permanent work force, as of December 31, 2008, we had 246 temporary employees, who were hired for specific time periods to satisfy short-term needs.
b)Wine Business
As of December 31, 2008 Finca La Celia (FLC), the Argentine subsidiary of Viña San Pedro Tarapacá had a total of 134 permanent employees and 68 were represented by one labor union. The average tenure of our employees in FLC was approximately five years. In addition to our permanent work force in FLC, we had 27 temporary employees, who were hired for specific time periods to satisfy short-term needs.
Share Ownership
Except as disclosed in “Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions – Major Shareholders”, as of December 31, 2008, our senior management and our board members in the aggregate owned less than one percent of the our shares.
We do not maintain stock option or other programs involving our employees in the capital of the Company, with the only exception of VSPT. VSPT’s Extraordinary Shareholders meeting held on July 7, 2005 approved a capital increase to be partially used for stock option programs.
ITEM 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Major Shareholders
Our only outstanding voting securities are our shares of our common stock. The following table sets forth information concerning the ownership of our common stock as of April 30, 2009, for each shareholder known to us to own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and for all of our directors and executive officers as a group:
Shareholder | Number of shares owned | % Ownership | ||
Inversiones y Rentas S.A. | 210,568,432 | 66.11% | ||
Our directors and executive officers as a group (1) | 29,560 | 0.01% | ||
_____________ (1) Does not include the 210,568,432 shares of our common stock owned, directly and indirectly, by Inversiones y Rentas, which is 50% beneficially owned by the Luksic family, as discussed below. Guillermo Luksic and Andrónico Luksic, our directors, are members of the Luksic family. |
In addition, as of April 30, 2009, JPMorgan Chase Bank, the Depositary for our ADR facility, was the record owner of 30,274,850 shares of our common stock (9.51% of the outstanding common stock) deposited in our ADR facility.
As of April 30, 2009, we had 4,915 shareholders of record, of which 9 are not Chilean, excluding ADR holders. To the best of our knowledge, of those 9 non-Chilean shareholders 4 are U.S. corporations with a total of 845,182 shares of common stock. All shareholders have equal voting rights. Non-Chileans can also hold shares in custody of private banks but this information is not publicly available.
IRSA is a Chilean privately held corporation formed for the sole purpose of owning a controlling interest in us. IRSA is owned 50% by Quiñenco S.A., which is a holding company of the Luksic Group, and 50% by Heineken Chile Ltda., a subsidiary of Heineken International. IRSA directly owns 196,421,725 shares of our common stock and indirectly, through Inversiones IRSA Ltda., 14,146,707 additional shares of our common stock. Inversiones IRSA Ltda. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of IRSA.
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On November 12, 2004, Anheuser-Busch International Holdings, Inc. Chile II Ltd., sold all of its interest, amounting to 20% of our common stock, in a public auction on the Santiago Stock Exchange. The 63,695,333 shares were sold at a price of Ch$2,821 per share, which represented Ch$179,685 million.
Related Party Transactions
Articles 44, 89 and 93 of the Chilean Corporations Act, Law N° 18.046, require that transactions with related parties be on terms similar to those of an arm’s length transaction. Directors and executive officers of companies that violate these articles are liable for losses or damages caused to the companies, shareholders or third parties resulting from such violations. In addition, Articles 44 and 50 of the Chilean Corporations Act provide that any related party transaction, including any transaction in which a director has a personal interest or is acting on behalf of a third party, may be executed only when such transaction is examined by the directors committee and previously approved by the board of directors, and the terms of such transaction are similar to those of an arm’s length transaction. If the conflicting interest transaction involves a “material amount,” the board of directors is required to produce a statement declaring in advance that the conflicting interest transaction is similar in its terms to an arm’s length transaction. A conflicting interest transaction is deemed to involve a “material amount” if the amount involved is both greater than UF2,000 (as of Apri 30, 2009, approximately ThCh$41,988) and exceeds 1% of the assets of the corporation, or if the amount exceeds UF20,000 (as of April 30, 2009, approximately ThCh$419,879) regardless of the size of the corporation.
When a transaction involves a material amount and if the board of directors believes that it is not possible to ascertain whether the conflicting interest transaction is similar to an arm’s length transaction, it may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, or appoint two independent advisors to make such a determination. In each case, interested directors are excluded from the decision of the board related to the conflicting interest transaction. If the board appoints independent advisors, the report prepared by the advisors will be made available to the shareholders and the board of directors for 20 business days from the date the last report was received from the independent advisors. The shareholders will be notified in writing of the receipt of the report. After this period the board may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, but the board is not required to follow the independent advisors’ conclusion. The board may treat the conflicting interest transaction and the report as confidential information. In each circumstance, the interested director would be excluded from the decision-making process at the board level.
Within a twenty-day period, shareholders representing at least 5% of the voting shares of the Company may request that the board call a shareholders’ meeting in order to approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction by a two-thirds majority of the outstanding voting shares. All decisions adopted by the board in respect of the conflicting interest transaction must be reported at the next shareholders’ meeting.
The controller of the corporation or the related party which intends to enter into the conflicting interest transaction shall make available to the board of directors, at the time the transaction is being considered by the board, all information relating to the transaction filed with any non-Chilean regulatory entities or stock exchanges. A violation of Article 44 may result in administrative or criminal sanctions against the interested director. The Company, the shareholders or interested third parties who suffer losses as a result of such violation have the right to receive compensation from such director in certain situations.
In the ordinary course of business, we engage in a variety of transactions with some of our affiliates and related parties. Financial information concerning these transactions is set forth in Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements.
Our corporate support units and strategic service units provide shared services to all the organization through service level agreements. Shared services are provided in a centralized manner to capture the synergies between the different units. Service level agreements are annual contracts specifying the services to be provided as well as the variables used to measure the levels of service and their prices. Service levels are evaluated directly by users three times a year.
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Additionally, our logistic subsidiaries Transportes CCU Ltda and Comercial CCU Ltda. provide transportation warehousing and sales services on a consolidated basis to all of our strategic business units. These services are regulated by annual contracts specifying the services to be provided as well as the variables used to measure the levels of service and their prices. Service levels are evaluated directly by users three times a year.
We engage in a variety of transactions with affiliates of the Luksic Group and Heineken, the beneficial owners of IRSA, as well as with other shareholders of ours. Currently, Quiñenco and Heineken Chile Limitada, a Chilean limited corporation controlled by Heineken Americas B.V. are the only shareholders of IRSA, each with a 50% equity interest See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Organizational Structure”.
On November 30, 2005, we and Heineken International signed new versions of the license and technical assistance agreements which provide us with the exclusive rights to produce, sell and distribute Heineken beer in Chile and Argentina commencing June 18, 2003. These agreements have an initial term of 10 years beginning in June 2003, renewable for subsequent periods of five years. See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Beer Business in Chile – Beer Production and Marketing in Chile” and “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Beer Business in Argentina – Beer Production and Marketing in Argentina”.
Also subject to the above license agreements, on April 24, 2006, through our subsidiary CCU Chile Ltda., we signed a brewing agreement with Heineken Brouwerijen B.V., which provides us with the right to produce and package Heineken lager at our local brewery and for its sale and distribution in Peru, Colombia and Ecuador by Heineken’s appointed Distributor. This agreement commenced on April 24, 2006 for one year renewable annually.
Additionally, a Technical Assistance Agreement was executed with Heineken Technical Services B.V. on May 4, 2005, whereby the latter was appointed, on a non-exclusive basis, as our technical adviser in respect of operational aspects of our breweries, including also special services regarding project engineering for extensions of the breweries’ capacity and construction of new plants, assistance in development of new products, production methods and distribution systems as well as advise on purchasing systems, among others. This agreement has an initial term of one year as from May 4, 2005, renewable for subsequent periods of one year each, unless either party gives not less than three months’ prior written notice to the other of its intention to terminate this agreement. This agreement has been renewed automatically.
We produce, bottle and distribute Budweiser beer in Argentina under the licensing agreement executed with Anheuser-Busch in December 1995, as amended. We also sell imported Budweiser beer in Chile. See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Beer Business in Argentina” and “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Beer Business in Chile”.
Finally, we entered into a Framework Agreement with Banco de Chile, a Quiñenco subsidiary, effective as from May 1, 2003, for the rendering of banking services to us and certain of our subsidiaries and affiliates, including, among others, payment to suppliers and shareholders, cashier service, transportation of valuables and payment of salaries. This agreement replaces prior agreements for the same purpose executed with Banco de A. Edwards, which merged into Banco de Chile as of January 1, 2002.
Since our directors committee was established in 2001 as required by the Chilean Corporation Act, all related party contracts have been reviewed by it, and then approved by the board of directors, which approval also was a standard practice prior to the creation of the directors committee. Our principal related party contracts include rental of properties, the rendering of services and product sales.
Our principal transactions with related parties for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2008, are detailed below:
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Company | Relationship | Transaction | Amounts | |||
(thousand of Ch$) | ||||||
Alusa S.A. | Affiliate | Purchase of products | 512,023 | |||
Anheuser Busch international Inc. | Affiliate | Purchase of products | 695,878 | |||
Sale of products | 8,096,750 | |||||
Marketing contributions | 302,112 | |||||
Anheuser Busch Lat. Am. Develop. Corp. | Affiliate | License and technical assistance | 2,639,016 | |||
Banco de Chile | Affiliate | Forward contracts | 5,659,392 | |||
Sale of products | 29,804 | |||||
Bank fees | 18,302 | |||||
Collection services | 8,613 | |||||
Valuables transport | 283 | |||||
Foods Compañía de Alimentos CCU S.A. | Equity investee | Purchase of products | 6,547,667 | |||
Cervecería Austral S.A. | Equity Investee | Purchase of products | 708,466 | |||
Royalty | 343,657 | |||||
Sale of products | 241,765 | |||||
Cervecería Modelo | Affiliate | Purchase of products | 2,498,188 | |||
Marketing contributions | 446,955 | |||||
Comercial Patagona Ltda. | Equity Investee | Sale of products | 911,857 | |||
Marketing contributions | 76,760 | |||||
Control Ltda. | Affiliate | Purchase of products | 4,586,864 | |||
Loans | 295,382 | |||||
Heineken Brouwerijen B.V. | Indirect | Royalty | 2,934,002 | |||
Sale of products | 2,559,300 | |||||
Licenses and technical assistance | 1,443,670 | |||||
Paid Support | 50,237 | |||||
Services received | 47,072 | |||||
Promarca S.A. | Equity Investee | Royalty | 416,285 | |||
Serv. Transportes Integrados Ltda | Affiliate | Paid services | 850,122 | |||
Viña Valles de Chile (ex Viña Tabalí S.A.) | Equity Investee | Remittance received | 605,595 | |||
Remittance paid | 615,573 | |||||
Capital increase | 4,244,005 |
See Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for information about the years 2006 and 2007.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable
ITEM 8: Financial Information
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
See “Item 18: Financial Statements and Exhibits” for the Company's Financial Statements and notes, audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Wine Exports
We, through our subsidiary VSPT, exported wine to 76 countries in 2008. VSPT is the second largest wine exporter in Chile. See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Wine Business”.
The following table presents our total wine exports by volume, in Chilean pesos as of December 2008 and as percentage of total sales for the last three years:
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2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||
Exports (thousands of liters) | 46,741 | 55,544 | 50,286 | |||
% of total sales | 3.5% | 3.9% | 3.2% | |||
Exports (Ch$ million) | 55,799 | 61,699 | 60.382 | |||
% of total sales | 8.7% | 9.0% | 7.7% |
Legal Proceedings
On March 24, 2008, the National Economic Prosecutor notified our subsidiary, Cervecera CCU Chile Ltda. of a complaint filed with the Free Competition Defense Court, which claimed the abuse by CCU Chile of its dominant market position, as evidenced by exclusivity clauses imposed on hotels, restaurants, pubs, bars and discotheques, which prohibit the commercialization by these establishments of beers produced by CCU Chile’s competitors. The complaint requested that CCU Chile be fined the maximum permitted under Chilean antitrust law, 20,000 UTA (Unidad Tributaria Annual, or annual tax unit, as of May 31, 2008, approximately Ch$8,420 million), or a fine which the Court considers appropriate. On April 16, 2008, CCU Chile filed its reply, citing economic and legal arguments in support of dismissal of the complaint. CCU Chile and the National Economic Prosecutor signed a settlement agreement that was approved by the Free Competition Defense Court. There was no fine imposed on CCU Chile. A copy of the settlement can be found at the web site www.ccu-sa.com or www.ccu.cl
Dividend Policy and Dividends
Our dividend policy is reviewed and established from time to time by our board of directors and reported to our regular shareholders’ meeting, which is generally held in April of each year. Each year our board of directors must submit its proposal for a final dividend for the preceding year for shareholder approval at the annual shareholders’ meeting. As required by the Chilean Corporations Act, unless otherwise decided by unanimous vote of the issued shares of our common stock, we must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of our net income for that year, after deducting any accumulated losses from previous years. Our board of directors has the authority to pay interim dividends during any one fiscal year, to be charged to the earnings for that year.
Our board of directors announced at our annual shareholders’ meeting held on April 20, 2009, its dividend policy for future periods, authorizing the distribution of cash dividends in an amount at least equal to 50% of our liquid profits under Chilean GAAP for the previous year. Our dividend policy is subject to change in the future due to changes in Chilean law, capital requirements, economic results and/or other factors. During our last annual shareholders’ meeting held on April 20, 2009, a dividend of Ch$108.66083 per share of common stock was approved, in addition to the interim dividend of Ch$47.00 per share of common stock distributed in January 9, 2009. Together, these dividend payments amounted to Ch$49,578 million, representing 60.0% of 2008 net income available to be distributed as dividend.
Dividends are paid to shareholders of record as of the fifth business day, including Saturdays, preceding the date set for payment of the dividend. The holders of ADRs on the applicable record dates are entitled to dividends declared for each corresponding period.
The following table sets forth the amounts of interim and final dividends and the aggregate of such dividends per share of common stock and per ADS in respect of each of the years indicated:
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Year ended | Ch$ Per share (1) | US$ Per ADS(2) | ||||||||||
December 31, | Interim | Final (3) | Total | Interim | Final(3) | Total | ||||||
2004 | 27.00 | 62.80 | 89.80 | 0.24 | 0.54 | 0.78 | ||||||
2005 | 30.00 | 67.37 | 97.37 | 0.29 | 0.65 | 0.94 | ||||||
2006 | 35.00 | 77.62 | 112.62 | 0.32 | 0.74 | 1.06 | ||||||
2007 | 47.00 | 102.20 | 149.20 | 0.48 | 1.13 | 1.61 | ||||||
2008 | 47.00 | 108.66 | 155.66 | 0.38 | 0.90 | 1.29 |
(1) | Interim and final dividend amounts are expressed in historical pesos. |
(2) | U.S. dollars per ADR dividend information serves reference purposes only as we pay all dividends in Chilean pesos. The Chilean peso amounts as shown here have been converted into U.S. dollars at the respective observed exchange rate in effect at each payment date. Note: The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos. |
(3) | The final dividend with respect to each year is declared and paid within the first five months of the subsequent year. |
Pursuant to former Chapter XXVI of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations, replaced by Chapter XIV, a shareholder who was not a resident of Chile had to register as a foreign investor in order to have access to the Formal Exchange Market for remitting abroad any dividends, sales proceeds or other amounts accruing from shares in a Chilean company (see “Item 10: Additional Information – Exchange Controls – General Legislation and Regulations”). Under our foreign investment contract, the depository, on behalf of ADR holders, will be granted access to the formal exchange market to convert cash dividends from pesos to dollars and to pay such dollars to ADR holders outside of Chile. Dividends received in respect of shares of Common Stock by holders, including holders of ADRs who are not Chilean residents, are subject to Chilean withholding tax. See “Item 10: Additional Information – Taxation”.
Significant Changes
No significant changes have occurred since the date of our last annual financial statements.
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ITEM 9: The Offer and Listing
Offer and Listing Details
For the periods indicated, the table below sets forth the reported high and low closing sales prices for the Common Stock on the Santiago Stock Exchange as well as the high and low sales prices of the ADSs as reported by the NYSE:
Santiago Stock Exchange | NYSE | |||||||
(per share of common stock)(*) | (per ADS) | |||||||
High | Low | High | Low | |||||
(Ch$) | (Ch$) | (US$) | (US$) | |||||
Years | ||||||||
2004 | 3,075 | 2,350 | 25.80 | 17.90 | ||||
2005 | 3,200 | 2,510 | 28.50 | 22.91 | ||||
2006 | 3,285 | 2,350 | 30.65 | 21.14 | ||||
2007 | 4,280 | 3,040 | 45.80 | 26.91 | ||||
2008 | 3,801 | 2,650 | 39,91 | 22.54 | ||||
2009 (through Apr 30) | 3,821 | 3,160 | 31.44 | 25.93 | ||||
2007 | ||||||||
1stquarter | 3,500 | 3,040 | 34.25 | 26.91 | ||||
2ndquarter | 3,950 | 3,370 | 37.76 | 31.00 | ||||
3rdquarter | 3,900 | 3,400 | 38.50 | 31.92 | ||||
4thquarter | 4,280 | 3,299 | 45.80 | 30.76 | ||||
2008 | ||||||||
1stquarter | 3,485 | 2,650 | 37.08 | 26.33 | ||||
2ndquarter | 3,600 | 3,039 | 39.91 | 29.07 | ||||
3rdquarter | 3,655 | 2,819 | 36.16 | 27.87 | ||||
4thquarter | 3,801 | 3,000 | 33.18 | 22.54 | ||||
2009 | ||||||||
1stquarter | 3,821 | 3,160 | 31.44 | 25.93 | ||||
Last six months | ||||||||
December 2008 | 3,750 | 3,100 | 29.10 | 22.54 | ||||
January 2009 | 3,821 | 3,400 | 31.44 | 26.41 | ||||
February | 3,801 | 3,210 | 30.82 | 26.64 | ||||
March | 3,600 | 3,160 | 31.02 | 25.93 | ||||
April | 3,551 | 3,265 | 30.70 | 27.75 | ||||
_______________ (*) Pesos per share of Common Stock reflect nominal price at trade date. |
Significant trading suspensions of the Company's stock have not occurred in the last three years.
Plan of distribution
Not applicable
Markets
Our common stock is currently traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Chile Electronic Stock Exchange and the Valparaíso Stock Exchange under the symbol “CCU”. The Santiago Stock Exchange accounted for approximately 87% and 91% of the trading volume of our common stock in Chile in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The remaining 13% and 9% respectively, was traded mainly on the Chile Electronic Stock Exchange. Shares of our common stock were traded in the United States on the NASDAQ stock exchange between September 24, 1992 and March 25, 1999 and on the NYSE since March 26, 1999, in the form of ADSs, under the symbol “CCU”, each representing five shares of our common stock, with ADSs in turn evidenced by ADRs. The ADSs are issued under the terms of a deposit agreement as amended dated September 1, 1992, among us, JPMorgan Chase Bank as depositary, and the holders from time to time of the ADSs.
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The trading volume of our ADSs in the NYSE in the last three years is as follows:
Year | Quarter | Traded Volume | ||
(Thousand of shares) | ||||
2006 | 1stquarter | 2,619 | ||
2ndquarter | 2,493 | |||
3rdquarter | 1,649 | |||
4thquarter | 1,572 | |||
Total | 8,333 | |||
2007 | 1stquarter | 1,525 | ||
2ndquarter | 2,149 | |||
3rdquarter | 1,890 | |||
4thquarter | 2,595 | |||
Total | 8,159 | |||
2008 | 1stquarter | 2,707 | ||
2ndquarter | 2,384 | |||
3rdquarter | 3,215 | |||
4thquarter | 3,098 | |||
Total | 11,404 | |||
Selling Shareholders
Not applicable
Dilution
Not applicable
Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable
ITEM 10: Additional Information
Share Capital
Not applicable
Memorandum and Articles of Association
Provided below is a summary of certain material information found in our bylaws and provisions of Chilean law. This summary is not exhaustive. For more information relating to the items discussed in this summary, the reader is encouraged to read our bylaws which have been filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on form F-1, as amended, filed with the Commission on September 23, 1992 (File No. 033-48592).
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Registration and corporate purposes. We are a public corporation (sociedad anónima abierta) organized by means of a public deed dated January 8, 1902, executed before the notary public of Valparaíso, Mr. Pedro Flores, and our existence was approved by Supreme Decree N° 889 of the Treasury Department, dated March 19, 1902, both of which were recorded on the reverse of folio 49, N° 45 of Valparaíso’s Registry of Commerce for 1902, and published in Chile’s Official Gazette on March 24, 1902. We are recorded on March 8, 1982, at Chile’s Securities Registry of the SVS under N° 0007.
The last amendment to our articles of association, which moved the domicile of the corporation from Valparaíso to Santiago City, and the complete, revised and updated text of the corporation’s bylaws were set forth in a public deed dated 4 June 2001, executed before the notary public of Valparaíso, María Ester Astorga, an extract of which was recorded on the reverse of folio 474 N° 363 of the Valparaíso Registry of Commerce for 2001, published in the Official Gazette on June 13, 2001, and recorded at the Registry of Commerce of Santiago on folio 18.149, N° 14.600 for the year 2001.
Under Article 4 of our bylaws, the corporation’s principal purpose is to produce, manufacture and market alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, to manufacture containers and packaging, and to provide transportation services, among other businesses.
Directors.Under the Chilean law regarding corporations (the “Chilean Corporations Act”), a corporation may not enter into a contract or agreement in which a director has a direct or indirect interest (i.e., a conflicting interest transaction) without prior approval by the board of directors, and then only if the terms of the conflicting interest transaction are similar to those of an arm’s length transaction.
If the conflicting interest transaction involves a “material amount”, the board of directors is required to produce a statement declaring in advance that the conflicting interest transaction is similar in its terms to an arm’s length transaction. A conflicting interest transaction is deemed to involve a “material amount” if the amount involved is both greater than 2,000 Unidades de Fomento (as of April 30, 2009, approximately ThCh$41,988) and exceeds 1% of the assets of the corporation, or if the amount exceeds 20,000 Unidades de Fomento (as of April 31, 2009, approximately ThCh$419,879) regardless of the size of the corporation.
If the board of directors believes that it is not possible to ascertain whether the conflicting interest transaction is similar to an arm’s length transaction, it may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, or appoint independent advisors to make such a determination. If the board appoints independent advisors, the report prepared by the advisors will be made available to the shareholders and the board of directors for 20 business days from the date the last report was received from the independent advisors. The shareholders will be notified in writing of the receipt of the reports. After this period, the board may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, but the board is not required to follow the independent advisors’ conclusion. The board may treat the conflicting interest transaction and the report as confidential information. Shareholders representing at least 5% of our voting shares may request the board to call a shareholders’ meeting in order to approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction by a two-thirds majority of the outstanding voting shares. Interested directors are excluded from all decisions of the board related to the conflicting interest transaction.
All decisions adopted by the board in respect of the conflicting interest transaction must be reported to the next following shareholders’ meeting. The controller of the corporation or the related party which intends to enter into the conflicting interest transaction shall make available to the board of directors, at the time the transaction is being considered by the board, all information relating to the transaction filed with any non-Chilean regulatory entities or stock exchanges.
If a suit for damages arises from such a transaction, the defendant (i.e., one or more directors, the controller, a related party, or all of them) bears the burden of proof that the transaction was made under marketplace conditions or that its terms proved benefit to the corporation, unless the conflicting interest transaction was previously approved by the shareholders in a special meeting.
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The amount of any director’s remuneration is established each year at the annual shareholders’ meeting. Directors are forbidden, unless previously and duly authorized thereto by the board of directors, to borrow or otherwise make use of corporate money or assets for their own benefit or that of (a) their spouses or certain relatives, including certain in-laws; (b) companies in which they, or their spouses or the relatives above referred to, either are directors, or own, beneficially or of record, at least a 10% interest; or (c) third parties for whom the directors act as representatives. However, the shareholders' authorization is not required. These rules can only be modified by law.
It is not necessary to hold our shares to be elected a director, and there is no age limit established for the retirement of directors.
Rights, preferences and restrictions regarding shares.At least 30% of our net profits for each fiscal year is required to be distributed as dividend in cash to our shareholders, unless our shareholders unanimously decide otherwise. Any remaining profits may be used to establish a reserve fund (that may be capitalized at any time, amending the corporate bylaws by the vote of a majority of the voting stock issued), or to pay future dividends.
Compulsory minimum dividends, i.e., at least thirty percent of our net profits for each fiscal year, become due thirty days after the date on which the annual shareholders' meeting has approved the distribution of profits in the fiscal year. Any additional dividends approved by our shareholders become due on the date set by our shareholders or our board of directors.
Accrued dividends that corporations fail to pay or make available to their shareholders within certain periods are to be adjusted from the date on which those dividends became due and that of actual payment. Overdue dividends will accrue yearly interest established for adjustable operations over the same period.
Dividends and other cash benefits unclaimed by shareholders after five years from the date on which they became due will become the property of the Chilean Fire Department.
We have only one class of shares and there are therefore no preferences or limitations on the voting rights of shareholders. Each of our shareholders is entitled to one vote per share. In annual shareholders’ meetings, resolutions are made by a simple majority of those present, provided legal quorums are met. A special or extraordinary meeting generally requires an absolute majority, in other words, 50% plus one of the shares entitled to vote; however, the Chilean Corporations Act provides that in order to carry certain motions, a two thirds majority of the outstanding voting stock is necessary.
Our directors are elected every three years and their terms are not staggered. Our shareholders may accumulate their votes in favor of just one person or distribute their votes to more than one person. In addition, by unanimous agreement of our shareholders present and entitled to vote, the vote may be omitted and the election made by acclamation.
In the event of liquidation, the Chilean Corporations Act provides that corporations may carry out distributions to shareholders on account of a reimbursement of capital only after the payment of corporate indebtedness.
There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to us, nor are there any liabilities to our shareholders relating to future capital calls by us.
Under Chilean law, certain provisions affect any existing or prospective holder of securities as a result of the shareholder owning a substantial number of shares. The Securities Market Law establishes that (a) any person who, directly or indirectly, (i) owns 10% or more of the subscribed capital of a corporation (the “majority shareholders”) whose shares are registered in the Securities Registry of the SVS (the “SRSVS”), or (ii) owns any such percentage because of the purchase of shares; and (b) all directors, the chief executive officer, liquidators and other principal officers of any corporation whose shares are registered with the SRSVS, regardless of the number of shares they own, must report any direct or indirect purchase or sale of shares made by such persons or entities within two business days of such transactions to the SVS and to each of the stock exchanges in Chile where such corporation has securities listed. In addition, majority shareholders must inform the SVS and the stock exchanges with respect to whether the purchase is aimed at acquiring control of the corporation or just as a financial investment.
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The Securities Market Law also provides that when one or more persons intend to take over a corporation subject to oversight by the SVS, they must give prior public notice. This notice must include the price to be offered per share and the conditions of the proposed transaction, including the expected manner of acquiring the shares.
Finally, Chapter XXV of the Securities Market Law was enacted on December 20, 2000, to ensure that controlling shareholders share with minority shareholders the benefits of a change of control, by requiring that certain share acquisitions be made pursuant to a tender offer.
The Chilean Corporations Act provides shareholders with preemptive rights. The Act requires that options to purchase stock representing capital increases in corporations and debentures duly convertible into stock of the issuing corporation, or any other securities extending future rights over such stock, must be offered preferably, at least once, to existing shareholders, in proportion to the number of shares owned by them. A corporation must distribute any bonus stock in the same manner.
The Chilean Corporations Act also provides shareholders with the right to withdraw from a corporation in certain situations. Unless there is an ongoing bankruptcy proceeding, if a shareholders’ meeting approves any of the following matters, dissenting shareholders will be automatically entitled to withdraw from the corporation upon payment by the corporation of the market value of their shares:
- our transformation into a different type of legal entity,
- our merger with and/or into another company,
- the disposition of 50% or more of the corporate assets, whether or not liabilities are also transferred, or the proposal or amendment of any business plan that contemplates the transfer of assets exceeding said percentage,
- the granting of real or personal guarantees to secure third party obligations exceeding 50% of the corporate assets,
- the creation of preferences for a series of shares or the increase or reduction in the already existing ones. In this case, only dissenting shareholders of the affected series shall have the right to withdraw,
- curing certain formal defects in the corporate charter which otherwise would render it null and void or any modification of its bylaws that should grant this right, and
- other cases provided for by statute or in our bylaws, if any.
In addition, shareholders may withdraw if a person becomes the owner of two-thirds or more of the outstanding shares of the corporation as a consequence of a share acquisition and such person does not make a tender offer for the remaining shares within 30 days.
Our bylaws do not provide for additional circumstances under which shareholders may withdraw.
Action necessary to change the rights of holders of stock.Rights of stockholders are established by law and pursuant to the bylaws of a corporation. For certain modifications of shareholders’ rights, the law requires a special majority, such as the creation, increase, reduction or suppression of preferred stock, which may be adopted only with the consent of at least two-thirds of the affected series. Consequently any other impairment of rights not specifically regulated needs only an absolute majority (more than 50%) of the stock entitled to vote. However, the waiver of the shareholders’ right to receive no less than 30% of the net profits accrued in any fiscal year (the “minimum dividend”) requires the unanimous vote of all stockholders. The above notwithstanding, no decision of the shareholders’ meeting can deprive a shareholder of any part of the stock that he owns.
Our bylaws do not contemplate additional conditions in connection with matters described in this subsection.
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Shareholders’ meetings. Our annual shareholders' meetings are to be held during the first four months of each year. During the meetings, determinations are made relating to particular matters, which matters may or may not be specifically indicated in the notice for such meeting.
The quorum for a shareholders' meeting is established by the presence, in person or by proxy, of shareholders representing at least an absolute majority of our issued voting stock; if a quorum is not present at the first meeting, the meeting can be reconvened and upon the meeting being reconvened, shareholders present at the reconvened meeting are deemed to constitute a quorum regardless of the percentage of the voting stock represented. In that case, decisions will be made by the absolute majority of stock with voting rights present or otherwise represented. The following matters are specifically reserved for annual meetings:
- review of our state of affairs and of the reports of internal and independent auditors, and the approval or rejection of the annual report, balance sheet, financial statements and records submitted by our officers or liquidators;
- distribution of profits of the respective fiscal year, including the distribution of dividends;
- election or revocation of regular and alternate board members, external auditors and management supervisors; and
- determination of the remuneration of the board members, directors committee remuneration and budget, designation of the newspaper were notices for meetings shall be published and, in general, any other matter to be dealt with by the annual meeting being of corporate interest and not specifically reserved to extraordinary shareholders' meetings.
Extraordinary shareholders' meetings may be held at any time, when required by corporate necessity. During extraordinary meetings, determinations are made relating to any matter which the law or the Company's bylaws reserve for consideration by such extraordinary meetings, which matters shall be expressly set forth in the relevant notice. Whenever in an extraordinary shareholders' meeting determinations relating to matters specifically reserved to annual meetings must be made, the operation and decisions of such extraordinary meeting will follow the requirements applicable to annual meetings. The following matters are specifically reserved for extraordinary meetings:
- dissolution of the corporation;
- transformation, merger or spin-off of the corporation and amendments to its bylaws;
- issuance of bonds or debentures convertible into stock;
- transfer of 50% or more of the corporate fixed assets, whether or not including the disposition of its liabilities, or the transfer of 50% or more of its liabilities; and
- guarantees of third parties' obligations, except when these third parties are subsidiary companies (in which case approval of the board of directors will suffice).
In addition to the above, annual and extraordinary shareholders' meetings must be called by the board of directors in the following circumstances:
- when requested by shareholders representing at least 10% of issued stock; and
- when required by the SVS.
Only holders of stock recorded in the Register of Shareholders at least five business days, including Saturdays, before the date of the pertinent meeting may participate with the right to be heard and vote in shareholders' meetings. Directors and officers other than shareholders may participate in shareholders' meetings with the right to be heard.
Shareholders may be represented at meetings by other individuals, regardless of whether or not those persons are shareholders themselves. A proxy must be conferred in writing, and for the total number of shares held by the shareholder and entitled to vote in accordance with the previous paragraph.
Limitations on the right to own securities.The right to own any kind of property is guaranteed by the Chilean Constitution, and the Chilean Corporations Act does not contain any general limitation regarding the right to own securities. There are, however, certain limitations on the right of foreigners to own securities of Chilean corporations, but only for certain special types of companies. We are not affected by these limitations, and our bylaws do not contain limitations or restrictions in this regard.
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Article 14 of the Chilean Corporations Act forbids public corporations from including in their bylaws any provisions restricting the free transferability of stock. However, two or more shareholders may enter into a private agreement on this matter, but, in order for these agreements to be effective, they must be recorded by the corporation and thus made available to any interested third parties. See “Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees–Directors and Senior Management”.
Takeover defenses.Our bylaws do not contain any provisions that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving us (or any of our subsidiaries).
Ownership threshold.Our bylaws do not contain any ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed. For a description of the ownership thresholds mandated by Chilean law, see “– Rights, preferences and restrictions regarding shares”.
Our bylaws do not impose any conditions that are more stringent than those required by law for effecting changes in our capital.
Material Contracts
Not applicable
Exchange Controls
General Legislation and Regulations. The Central Bank of Chile is responsible for, among other things, monetary policies and exchange controls in Chile. See “Item 3. Key Information – Selected Financial Data – Exchange Rate”. Foreign investments can be registered with the Foreign Investment Committee under Decree Law No. 600 –registration which grants the investor access to the Formal Exchange Market– or with the Central Bank of Chile under Chapter XIV of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations.
Effective April 19, 2001, the Central Bank of Chile abrogated the then existing Chapter XXVI of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations (“Chapter XXVI”), which addressed issuance of ADSs by a Chilean company, and issued an entirely new set of Foreign Exchange Regulations (the April 19th Regulations”), virtually eliminating all the restrictions and limitations that had been in force up to that date. The April 19th Regulations were based upon the general principle that foreign exchange transactions can be made freely in Chile by any person, notwithstanding the power conferred by law to the Central Bank of Chile of imposing certain restrictions and limitations to such transactions.
With the issuance of the above Regulations, the approval by the Central Bank of Chile required for access to the Formal Exchange Market was replaced with the requirement of disclosure of the relevant transactions to the Central Bank of Chile. However, some foreign exchange transactions, notably foreign loans, capital investment or deposits, continued to be subject to the requirement of being effected through the Formal Exchange Market. The April 19th Regulations reduced the time needed to effect foreign exchange transactions by foreign investors in Chile.
The April 19th Regulations, among others, eliminated the following restrictions:
- prior authorization by the Central Bank of Chile for the entry of capital in connection with foreign loans, investment, capital contribution, bonds and ADRs;
- prior authorization by the Central Bank of Chile for the remittance of capital in connection with repatriation of capital, dividends and other benefits related to capital contributions and investment, and prepayment of foreign loans;
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- minimum risk classification restrictions and terms for the issuance of bonds;
- restrictions on the issuance of ADRs. Therefore, the rules established under Chapter XXVI of the previous Foreign Exchange Regulations are no longer applicable; and
- Mandatory Reserve deposits for foreign capitals.
According to these Regulations, foreign exchange transactions performed before April 19, 2001, remain subject to the regulations in effect at the time of the transactions (i.e. Chapter XXVI), unless the interested parties elected the applicability of the April 19th Regulations, thereby expressly waiving the applicability of the regulations in force at the time of the execution of the respective transaction.
On January 23, 2002, the Central Bank of Chile issued an entirely new set of Foreign Exchange Regulations, effective as from March 1, 2002, replacing April 19th Regulations (“The New Rules”). The New Rules preserve the general principle established in the April 19th Regulations of freedom in foreign exchange transactions, simplified procedures to reduce the time needed to effect foreign exchange transactions by foreign investors in Chile, and introduced several new provisions.
Pursuant to the New Rules, Chilean entities are now allowed, under Chapter XIV, which governs credits, deposits, investments and capital contribution from abroad, to:(i) dispose of such foreign currency allocated abroad, executing any of the transactions contemplated in Chapter XIV, without the need of delivering it into Chile, subject to the obligation of reporting said transaction to the Central Bank of Chile; and (ii) capitalize any liability expressed in foreign currency and acquired abroad.
According to the New Rules, foreign exchange transactions made pursuant to Chapter XIV, executed before April 19, 2001, shall continue to be subject to the regulations in effect at the time of the transactions, unless the interested parties elect the applicability of the New Rules, expressly waiving the applicability of the provisions which would otherwise govern them.
Notwithstanding the above, foreign exchange transactions contemplated in Chapter XIV, executed before March 1, 2002 according to the regulations of the Central Bank of Chile in force at the time of their execution, may be reported to the Central Bank pursuant to the provisions contained in the New Rules.
Therefore, notwithstanding the April 19th Regulations and the New Rules, Chapter XXVI remains in force with respect to our ADR facility, as referred to below.
Our ADRs. A Foreign Investment Contract was entered into among the Central Bank of Chile, us and the Depositary pursuant to Article 47 of the Central Bank Act and Chapter XXVI (see “General Legislation and Regulations”, above). According to Chilean law, a contract is ruled by the law in force at the time of its execution. Therefore, our Foreign Investment Contract is ruled by the foreign exchange regulations in force before April 19, 2001, among which is Chapter XXVI. Absent the Foreign Investment Contract, under Chilean exchange controls in force until April 19, 2001, investors would not have been granted access to the Formal Exchange Market for the purpose of converting Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars and repatriating from Chile amounts received in respect of deposited Shares or Shares withdrawn from deposit on surrender of ADRs (including amounts received as cash dividends and proceeds from the sale in Chile of the underlying Shares and any rights with respect thereto). In December 1999, amendments were introduced to Chapter XXVI whereby, among other things, the Central Bank of Chile was authorized to reject applications under such regulations without expression of cause. In reviewing such applications, the Central Bank of Chile was required to take into account the situation of the balance of payments and the stability of the capital account. However, the Central Bank of Chile was authorized to impose certain conditions on the applicants prior to resolving the applications. In April 2000, Chapter XXVI was again amended in order to incorporate, in addition to shares issued by Chilean corporations, quotes of investment funds as eligible to be converted into ADSs. Chapter XXVI did not require delivery of a new application in case of the entry of U.S. dollars intended for the acquisition of shares not subscribed by the shareholders or by the transferees of the options to subscribe the shares.
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Under Chapter XXVI and our Foreign Investment Contract, the Central Bank of Chile agreed to grant to the Depositary, on behalf of ADR holders, and to any non-Chilean resident investor who withdrew Shares of our common stock upon surrender of ADRs (such Shares being referred to herein as “Withdrawn Shares”) access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars (and to remit such dollars outside of Chile) in respect of Shares of our common stock represented by ADSs or Withdrawn Shares, including amounts received as (a) cash dividends, (b) proceeds from the sale in Chile of Withdrawn Shares (subject to receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certificate from the holder of the Withdrawn Shares (or from an institution authorized by the Central Bank of Chile) that such holder’s residence and domicile were outside Chile and a certificate from a Chilean stock exchange (or from a brokerage or securities firm established in Chile) that such Withdrawn Shares had been sold on a Chilean exchange), (c) proceeds from the sale in Chile of pre-emptive rights to subscribe for and purchase additional Shares of our common stock, (d) proceeds from the liquidation, merger or consolidation of the Company and (e) other distributions, including, without limitation, those resulting from any recapitalization, as a result of holding Shares represented by ADSs or Withdrawn Shares. Access to the Formal Exchange Market in the case of (a), (b), (c) and (d) above would be available for only five working days following the sale of the shares on the stock exchange. Transferees of Withdrawn Shares would not be entitled to any of the foregoing rights under Chapter XXVI unless the Withdrawn Shares were redeposited with the Custodian. Investors receiving Withdrawn Shares in exchange for ADRs would have the right to redeposit such Shares in exchange for ADRs, provided that certain conditions to redeposit were satisfied. For a description of the Formal Exchange Market, see “Item 3: Key Information – Selected Financial Data – Exchange Rates”. Alternatively, according to the amendments introduced to Chapter XXVI in December 1999, in case of Withdrawn Shares and their subsequent sale on a stock exchange, the Chilean peso proceeds obtained thereby could be converted into U.S. dollars in a market different from the Formal Exchange Market within five business days from the date of the sale.
Chapter XXVI provided that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with the sale of Withdrawn Shares or distributions thereon would be conditioned upon receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certification by the Depositary or the Custodian, as the case might have been, that such Shares had been withdrawn in exchange for delivery of the pertinent ADRs and receipt of a waiver of the benefits of our Foreign Investment Contract with respect thereto (except in connection with the proposed sale of the Shares) until such Withdrawn Shares were redeposited. Chapter XXVI also provided that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with dividend payments was conditioned on certification by us to the Central Bank of Chile that a dividend payment had been made. The provision contained in Chapter XXVI that established that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with dividend payments was conditioned on certification by us to the Central Bank of Chile that any applicable tax had been withheld was eliminated on November 23, 2000.
Chapter XXVI and our Foreign Investment Contract provided that a person who brought foreign currency into Chile, including U.S. dollars, to purchase Shares entitled to the benefit of our Foreign Investment Contract was required to convert such foreign currency into Chilean pesos on the same date and had five banking business days within which to invest in Shares in order to receive the benefit of our Foreign Investment Contract. If such person decided within such period not to acquire Shares, such person could access the Formal Exchange Market to reacquire foreign currency, provided that the applicable request was presented to the Central Bank of Chile within seven banking days of the initial conversion into pesos. Shares acquired as described above could be deposited in exchange for ADRs and receive the benefit of our Foreign Investment Contract, subject to receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certificate from the Depositary that such deposit had been effected and that the related ADRs had been issued and receipt by the Custodian of a declaration from the person making such deposit waiving the benefit of our Foreign Investment Contract with respect to the deposited Shares.
Chapter XXVI required foreign investors acquiring shares or securities in Chile to maintain a mandatory reserve (the “Mandatory Reserve”) for one year in the form of a non-interest bearing U.S. dollar deposit with the Central Bank, or to pay to the Central Bank a non-refundable fee (the “Fee”). Such reserve requirement was imposed with respect to investments made by foreign investors to acquire shares or securities in the secondary market, but did not apply to capital contributions made for purposes of paying-in capital for a newly created company or increasing the capital of an existing company. As of June 1, 1999, the Mandatory Reserve was not applied to foreign investments made for purposes of acquiring shares of a stock corporation, provided that the investor was entitled to the benefit of Chapter XXVI, and that such acquisition was consummated in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XXVI. On September 17, 1998, the Central Bank of Chile reduced the Mandatory Reserve to 0%.
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Access to the Formal Exchange Market under any of the circumstances described above was not automatic. Pursuant to Chapter XXVI, such access required approval of the Central Bank of Chile based on a request therefore presented through a banking institution established in Chile within five business days from the occurrence of any of the events described in letters (a), (b), (c) and (d) above. Pursuant to our Foreign Investment Contract, if the Central Bank of Chile had not acted on such request within seven banking days, the request would be deemed approved.
Under current Chilean law, our Foreign Investment Contract cannot be amended unilaterally by the Central Bank of Chile. We cannot assure you, however, that new restrictions applicable to the holders of ADRs, the disposition of underlying Shares or the repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition will not be reinstated in the future by the Central Bank of Chile, nor can there be any assessment of the possible duration or impact of such restrictions.
Taxation
Chilean Tax Considerations
The following discussion is based on certain Chilean income tax laws presently in force, including Rulings N°324 of January 29, 1990,and N°3708 of October 1, 1999 of the Chilean Internal Revenue Service and other applicable regulations and rulings. The discussion summarizes the principal Chilean income tax consequences of an investment in the ADSs or shares of common stock by an individual who is not domiciled in or a resident of Chile or a legal entity that is not organized under the laws of Chile and does not have a permanent establishment located in Chile which we refer to as a foreign holder. For purposes of Chilean law, an individual holder is a resident of Chile if he or she has resided in Chile for more than six consecutive months in one calendar year or for a total of more than six months, whether consecutive or not, in two consecutive tax years. An individual holder is domiciled in Chile if he or she resides in Chile with the purpose of staying in Chile (such purpose to be evidenced by circumstances such as the acceptance of employment within Chile or the relocation of his or her family to Chile). This discussion is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor, which can be rendered only in light of that investor’s particular tax situation. Neither is it intended to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase, own or dispose of shares or ADSs and does address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to specific holders in light of their particular circumstances. Holders of shares and ADSs are advised to consult their own tax advisors concerning the Chilean or other tax consequences relating to the ownership of shares or ADSs.
Under Chilean law, provisions contained in statutes such as tax rates applicable to foreign holders, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes and the manner in which Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may be amended only by another statute. In addition, the Chilean tax authorities issue rulings and regulations of either general or specific application interpreting the provisions of Chilean tax law. Chilean taxes may not be assessed retroactively against taxpayers who act in good faith relying on such rulings and regulations, but Chilean tax authorities may change said rulings and regulations prospectively. There is no general income tax treaty in force between Chile and the United States.
Cash dividends and Other Distributions. Cash dividends paid by us with respect to the ADSs or shares of common stock held by a foreign holder will be subject to a 35.0% Chilean withholding tax, which is withheld and paid over by us, which we refer to as the Chilean withholding tax. A credit against the Chilean withholding tax is available based on the level of corporate income tax, or first category tax, actually paid by us on the taxable income to which the dividend is imputed; however, this credit does not reduce the Chilean withholding tax on a one-for-one basis because it also increases the base on which the Chilean withholding tax is imposed. In addition, distribution of book income in excess of retained taxable income is subject to the Chilean withholding tax, but such distribution is not eligible for the credit. Under Chilean income tax law, for purposes of determining the level of the first category tax that has been paid by us, dividends generally are assumed to have been paid out of our oldest retained taxable profits. Presently, the first category tax rate is 17.0% . Whether the first category tax is imposed or not, the effective overall combined rate of Chilean taxes imposed with respect to our distributed profits would be 35.0% . Nevertheless, in the case that the retained taxable profits or exempted profits as of December 31 of the year preceding a dividend are not sufficient to attribute to such dividend, we will make a withholding of 35.0% of the amount that exceeds those retained taxable or exempted profits. In case such withholding is determined to be excessive before the end of the year, there will be rights to file for the reimbursement of the excess withholding.
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The foregoing tax consequences apply to cash dividends paid by us. Dividend distributions made in property (other than shares of common stock) will be subject to the same Chilean tax rules as cash dividends.
Capital Gain.Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition by a foreign holder of ADSs (or ADRs evidencing ADSs) will not be subject to Chilean taxation, provided that such disposition occurs outside Chile or that it is performed under the rules of Title XXIV of the Chilean Securities Market Law, as amended by Law N° 19,601, dated January 18, 1999. The deposit and withdrawal of shares of common stock in exchange for ADRs will not be subject to any Chilean taxes.
Gain recognized on a sale or exchange of shares of common stock (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADSs representing such shares of common stock) by a foreign holder will be subject to both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax (the former being creditable against the latter) if (1) the foreign holder has held such shares of common stock for less than one year since exchanging ADSs for the shares of common stock, (2) the foreign holder acquired and disposed of the shares of common stock in the ordinary course of its business or as a regular trader of stock or (3) the sale is made to a company in which the foreign holder holds an interest (10.0% or more of the shares in the case of open stock corporations). In all other cases, gain on the disposition of shares of common stock will be subject only to the first category tax levied as a sole tax. However, if it is impossible to determine the taxable capital gain, a 5.0% withholding will be imposed on the total amount to be remitted abroad without any deductions as a provisional payment of the total tax due.
The tax basis of shares of common stock received in exchange for ADSs will be the acquisition value of such shares. The valuation procedure set forth in the deposit agreement, which has been approved by the Chilean Internal Revenue Service pursuant Ruling Nº 324 of 1990, values shares of common stock that are being exchanged at the highest price at which they trade on the Santiago Stock Exchange on the date of the exchange, generally will determine the acquisition value for this purpose. Consequently, the conversion of ADSs into shares of common stock and sale of such shares of common stock for the value established under the deposit agreement will not generate a capital gain subject to taxation in Chile.
In the case where the sale of the shares is made on a day that is different than the date in which the exchange is recorded, capital gains subject to taxation in Chile may be generated. However, following Ruling N° 3708 of the Chilean Internal Revenue Service, we will include in the deposit agreements a provision whereby the capital gain that may be generated if the exchange date is different than the date in which the shares received in exchange for ADSs are sold, will not be subject to taxation. Such provision states that in the event that the exchanged shares are sold by the ADS holders in a Chilean stock exchange on the same day in which the exchange is recorded in the shareholders’ registry of the issuer or within two business days prior to the date on which the sale is recorded in the shareholders’ registry, the acquisition price of such exchanged shares shall be the price registered in the invoice issued by the stock broker that participated in the sale transaction.
The distribution and exercise of preemptive rights relating to the shares of common stock will not be subject to Chilean taxation. Amounts received for the assignment of preemptive rights relating to the shares will be subject to both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax (the former being creditable against the latter to the extent described above).
The Chilean Internal Revenue Service has not enacted any rule nor issued any ruling about the applicability of the norms explained below (referred to as Laws Nº 19,738 and Nº 19,768) to the foreign holders of ADRs.
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To the extent that our shares are actively traded on a Chilean stock exchange, foreign institutional investors who acquire our shares may benefit from a tax exemption included in an amendment to the Chilean Income Tax Law, Law Nº 19,738 published on June 19, 2001. The amendment established an exemption for the payment of income tax by foreign institutional investors, such as mutual funds, pension funds and others, that obtain capital gains in the sales through a Chilean stock exchange, a tender offer or any other system authorized by the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, of shares of publicly traded corporations that are significantly traded in stock exchanges.
A foreign institutional investor is an entity that is either:
- a fund that makes public offers of its shares in a country which public debt has been rated investment grade by an international risk classification agency qualified by the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance;
- a fund that is registered with a regulatory entity of a country which public debt has been rated investment grade by an international risk classification agency qualified by the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, provided that the investments in Chile, including securities issued abroad that represent Chilean securities, held by the fund represent less than 30.0% of its share value;
- a fund that holds investments in Chile that represent less than 30.0% of its share value, provided that it proves that no more that 10.0% of its share value is directly or indirectly owned by Chilean residents;
- a pension fund that is exclusively formed by individuals that receive their pension on account of capital accumulated in the fund;
- a fund regulated by Law Nº 18,657, or the Foreign Capital Investment Funds Law, in which case all holders of its shares must reside abroad or be qualified as local institutional investors; or
- another kind of institutional foreign investor that complies with the characteristics defined by a regulation with the prior report of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and the Chilean Internal Revenue Service.
In order to be entitled to the exemption, foreign institutional investors, during the time in which they operate in Chile must:
- be organized abroad and not be domiciled in Chile;
- not participate, directly or indirectly, in the control of the issuers of the securities in which it invests and not hold, directly or indirectly, 10.0% or more of such companies’ capital or profits;
- execute an agreement in writing with a Chilean bank or securities broker in which the intermediary is responsible for the execution of purchase and sale orders and for the verification, at the time of the respective remittance, that such remittances relate to capital gains that are exempt from income tax in Chile or, if they are subject to income tax, that the applicable withholdings have been made; and
- register in a special registry with the Chilean Internal Revenue Service.
Pursuant to the enacted amendment to the Chilean Income Tax Law published on November 7, 2001 (Law N° 19,768) as amended by Law Nº 19,801 published on April 25, 2002, the sale and disposition of shares of Chilean public corporations which are actively traded on a Chilean stock exchange is not levied by any Chilean tax on capital gains if the sale or disposition was made:
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- on a local stock exchange or any other stock exchange authorized by the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance or in a tender offer process according to Title XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law, so long as the shares (a) were purchased on a public stock exchange or in a tender offer process pursuant to Title XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law, (b) are newly issued shares issued in a capital increase of the corporation, or (c) were the result of the exchange of convertible bonds (in which case the option price is considered to be the price of the shares). In this case, gains exempted from Chilean taxes shall be calculated using the criteria set forth in the Chilean Income Tax Law; or
- within 90 days after the shares would have ceased to be significantly traded on stock exchange. In such case, the gains exempted from Chilean taxes on capital gains will be up to the average price per share of the last 90 days. Any gains above the average price will be subject to the first category tax.
Other Chilean Taxes. No Chilean inheritance, gift or succession taxes apply to the transfer or disposition of the ADSs by a foreign holder but such taxes generally will apply to the transfer at death or by a gift of shares of common stock by a foreign holder. No Chilean stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties apply to foreign holders of ADSs or shares of common stock.
Withholding Tax Certificates. Upon request, we will provide to foreign holders appropriate documentation evidencing the payment of the Chilean withholding tax. We will also inform when the withholding was excessive in order to allow the filing for the reimbursement of taxes.
United States Tax Considerations
The following is a summary of certain United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership of shares of Common Stock or ADSs by an investor that is a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that holds the shares of Common Stock or ADSs as capital assets. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences of the ownership of Common Stock or ADSs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors (such as tax-exempt entities, certain insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to mark to market, investors liable for alternative minimum tax, investors that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the voting stock of the Company, investors that hold Common Stock or ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction or U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar), some of which may be subject to special rules. This summary is based on the tax laws of the United States (including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations thereunder, published rulings and court decisions) as in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (or changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect.
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of shares of Common Stock or ADSs that is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or partnership organized under the laws of the United States or any State, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source or (iv) a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust's administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust. The discussion does not address any aspects of United States taxation other than federal income taxation. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the United States federal, state and local and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of Common Stock and ADSs.
In general, assuming that the representations of the Depositary are true and that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms, for United States federal income tax purposes, holders of ADRs evidencing ADSs will be treated as the owners of the shares of Common Stock represented by those ADSs, and exchanges of shares of Common Stock for ADSs, and ADSs for shares of Common Stock will not be subject to United States federal income tax.
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Cash Dividends and Other Distributions. Under the United States federal income tax laws, and subject to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules discussed below, U.S. Holders will include in gross income the gross amount of any dividend paid before reduction for any net withholding (i.e., after taking into account any Chilean First-Category Tax creditable against Chilean Withholding Tax) by the Company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) as ordinary income when the dividend is actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of shares of Common Stock, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADSs. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Subject to a holder's satisfaction of certain holding period requirements, dividends included in income by a noncorporate U.S. holder during the period ending on December 31, 2008 are subject to tax at a maximum rate of 15% if the dividends are paid by a domestic corporation or “qualified foreign corporation.” A qualified foreign corporation generally includes a foreign corporation if (i) its shares (or ADSs) are readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. or (ii) it is eligible for benefits under a comprehensive U.S. income tax treaty, provided that (a) the corporation was not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and is not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company, or (b) for dividends paid prior to the 2005 tax year, a foreign personal holding company or foreign investment company. We believe that we should be treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividend payments to our ADS holders and, therefore, dividends paid to an individual U.S. holder of ADSs should be taxed at a maximum rate of 15%. However, you should be aware that the requirements to be treated as a qualified foreign corporation are not entirely clear and further guidance from the Internal Revenue Service may be forthcoming that could affect this conclusion. U.S. holders of Ordinary Shares directly, rather than through ADSs, should consult their own tax advisor about whether the 15% maximum rate applies to dividends they receive. The amount of the dividend distribution includible in income of a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the Chilean peso payments made, determined at the spot Chilean peso/U.S. dollar rate on the date such dividend distribution is includible in the income of the U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in income to the date such payment is converted into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary foreign exchange gain or loss. Such gain or loss will generally be from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Subject to certain generally applicable limitations, the net amount of any Chilean Withholding Tax (after reduction for the credit for Chilean First-Category Tax) paid over to Chile will be creditable against the U.S. Holder 's United States federal income tax liability. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, the dividend will be income from sources outside the United States. In the case of U.S. individuals, if the reduced rate of tax on dividends applies to such holder, such limitations and restrictions will appropriately take into account the rate differential under rules similar to section 904(b)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their application to the particular circumstances of such holder.
Pro rata distributions of shares of Common Stock or preemptive rights generally are not subject to United States federal income tax. The basis of the new shares of Common Stock or preemptive rights (if such rights are exercised or sold) generally will be determined by allocating the U.S. Holder's adjusted basis in the old shares between the old shares and the new shares or preemptive rights received, based on their relative fair market values on the date of distribution (except that the basis of the preemptive rights will be zero if the fair market value of the rights is less than 15% of the fair market value of the old shares at the time of distribution, unless the U.S. Holder irrevocably elects to allocate basis between the old shares and the preemptive rights). The holding period of a U.S. Holder for the new shares or preemptive rights will include the U.S. Holder's holding period for the old shares with respect to which the new shares or preemptive rights were issued. In other circumstances, distributions of Common Stock or preemptive rights may be treated as taxable dividends.
Capital Gains.U.S. Holders will not recognize gain or loss on deposits or withdrawals of shares of Common Stock in exchange for ADSs or on the exercise of preemptive rights. U.S. Holders will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or shares of Common Stock (or preemptive rights with respect to such shares) held by the U.S. Holder or by the Depositary equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder's tax basis in the ADSs or shares. Any gain recognized by a U.S. Holder generally will be treated as United States source income. Consequently, in the case of a disposition of shares of Common Stock or preemptive rights (which, unlike a disposition of ADSs, will be taxable in Chile), the U.S. Holder may not be able to claim the foreign tax credit for Chilean tax imposed on the gain unless it appropriately can apply the credit against tax due on other income from foreign sources. Loss generally would be treated as United States source loss. With respect to sales occurring on or after May 6, 2003, but before January 1, 2009, the long-term capital gain tax rate for an individual U.S. Holder is 15%. For sales occurring before May 6, 2003, or after December 31, 2008, under current law the long-term capital gain rate for an individual U.S. Holder is 20%.
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PFIC Rules. CCU believes that it should not be treated as a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) for United States federal income tax purposes, although this conclusion is subject to some uncertainty because definitive asset values for non publicly-traded or illiquid assets may be unavailable. This conclusion is also a factual determination made annually and thus may be subject to change.
In general, the Company will be a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if for any taxable year in which the U.S. Holder held the Company's ADSs or shares of Common Stock, either (i) at least 75% of the gross income of the Company for the taxable year is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) of the Company 's assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. If a foreign corporation owns at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the foreign corporation is treated for purposes of the PFIC tests as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as receiving directly its proportionate share of the other corporation's income. If the Company is treated as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of shares of Common Stock or ADSs and (b) any “excess distribution” by the Company to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distributions to the U.S. Holder in respect of the shares of Common Stock or ADSs during a single taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by the U.S. Holder in respect of the shares of Common Stock or ADSs during the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder 's holding period for the shares or ADSs). Under these rules, (i) the gain or excess distribution would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder 's holding period for the shares of Common Stock or ADSs, (ii) the amount allocated to the taxable year in which the gain or excess distribution was realized would be taxable as ordinary income, (iii) the amount allocated to each prior year, with certain exceptions, would be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and (iv) the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax would be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such year.
Special rules apply with respect to the calculation of the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.
If the Company is treated as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder may be able to make a mark-to-market election if the Company's stock is treated as regularly traded on a registered national securities exchange or other exchange to the extent permitted by the IRS. If the election is made, the PFIC rules described above will not apply. Instead, in general, the electing U.S. Holder will be required to include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock or ADSs at the end of the taxable year over the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the shares or ADSs. The electing U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis in the shares of Common Stock or ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). An electing U.S. Holder's tax basis in the shares of Common Stock or ADSs will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of shares or ADSs in a PFIC can sometimes avoid the rules described above by electing to treat the company as a “qualified electing fund” under section 1295 of the Internal Revenue Code. This option will not be available to U.S. Holders because the Company does not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit a U.S. Holder to make this election. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding shares or ADSs if the Company is considered a passive foreign investment company in any taxable year.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. Dividends in respect of the Shares or ADSs and proceeds from the sale, exchange, or redemption of the Shares or ADSs may be subject to information reporting to the United States Internal Revenue Service and a backup withholding tax (currently, at a 28% rate) may apply unless the U.S. Holder furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number or certificate of foreign status or is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Generally, a U.S. Holder will provide such certification on Form W-9 and a non-U.S. Holder will provide such certification on Form W-8BEN.
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Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable
Statement by Experts
Not applicable
Documents on Display
The documents concerning us, which are referred to in this annual report, may be inspected at our main offices at Vitacura 2670, Twenty Third Floor, Santiago, Chile.
Subsidiary Information
Not applicable
ITEM 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The following discussion about our risk management activities includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risk and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.
We face primary market risk exposures in three categories: interest rate fluctuations, exchange rate fluctuations and commodity price fluctuations. We periodically review our exposure to the three main sources of risk described above and determine at our senior management level how to minimize the impact on our operations of commodity price, foreign exchange and interest rate changes. As part of this review process, we periodically evaluate opportunities to enter into hedging mechanisms to mitigate such risks.
The market risk sensitive instruments referred to below are entered into only for purposes of hedging our risks and are not used for trading purposes.
Qualitative Information About Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
As a result of borrowings and operations, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. We manage this interest rate fluctuation primarily through regular financing and derivative instruments. We have short-term and long-term debt with both fixed and variable interest rates. Our senior management, including our Chief Financial Officer, establishes policies for new loans, time deposits, marketable securities and derivative contracts in order to manage such risks. The major interest rate risk we face is a result of variable rate debt indexed to the LIBOR. As of December 31, 2008, we had Ch$108,569 million of LIBOR-based interest-bearing debt outstanding, most of which was hedged through cross currency interest rate swap agreements to fixed rates in UF. We also had Ch$30,465 million of TAB-30 days-based interest bearing debt outstanding, including interest accrued as of December 31, 2008.
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The TAB 30 days nominal in Ch$ is an average interest rate of all banks liabilities of the same tenure, including mandatory holding costs and it is published by the Association of Banks and Financial Institutions. See “Quantitative Information About Mark Risk – Interest Risk Sensitivity” below.
Commodity Price Sensitivity
The major commodity price sensitivity faced by us is the variation of malt, sugar and grape prices. In Chile, we obtain our supply of malt from local producers and in the international market. We often are required to enter into commitments to purchase such commodities. The purchases and commitments expose us to risk regarding the fluctuation of commodity prices. Our risk management policy is to manage this risk through fixed price purchase contracts and occasionally entering into spot transactions which lock in prices for the commodity. During 2008, we imported 36,000 tons of malt. In Argentina during 2008, we purchased all of our malt from local suppliers. See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Beer Business – Our Beer Business in Chile – Raw Materials” and “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Beer Business – Our Beer Business in Argentina – Raw Materials”. We do not hedge these transactions. Rather, we negotiate yearly contracts with malt suppliers.
The principal commodity used in the production of soft drinks is sugar. We generally purchase our sugar requirements from Empresas Iansa S.A., the sole producer of sugar in Chile, and from imports. See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Soft Drinks and Mineral Water Business – Our Soft Drinks and Mineral Water Business in Chile – Raw Materials”. We do not hedge these transactions.
The principal raw materials used in the production of wine are harvested grapes and purchased wine. VSPT obtains approximately 64% of the grapes used for export wines from its own vineyards, thereby reducing grape price volatility. The majority of the wine sold in the domestic market is purchased from third parties. During 2008, we purchased the majority of our grape and wine needs based on yearly contracts at fixed prices from third parties. Spot transactions for wine are executed from time to time depending on additional wine needs. During the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, our wine subsidiary, VSPT, bought grapes and wine in Chile in the amount of Ch$17,704 million, Ch$15,359 million and Ch$14,587 million, respectively. See “Item 4: Information on the Company – Business Overview – Our Wine Business – Raw Materials”.
Exchange Rate Sensitivity
The major exchange rate risk faced by us is the variation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar. As of December 31, 2008, our foreign currency denominated liabilities amounted to Ch$129,469 million, most of which was U.S. dollar denominated. Foreign currency denominated interest-bearing debt (Ch$112,781 million) represented 45.6% of our total interest-bearing debt, most of which was U.S. dollar denominated. The remaining 54.4% was indexed to Chilean inflation. The Ch$112,781 million foreign currency denominated debt includes the US$170 million loans that are hedged through cross currency interest rate swap agreements, changing these debts into fixed interest adjusted Chilean peso debts. To reduce the impact of any fluctuation of the peso against the U.S. dollar, as of December 31, 2008, we held Ch$54,523 million in foreign currency indexed assets, among which Ch$ 25,277 were accounts receivables. In summary we had a net foreign currency exposure of Ch$ 3,653 million.
According to Chilean generally accepted accounting principles, we applied TB 64 to translate and value investments in foreign subsidiaries (see Note 1 of our consolidated financial statements) as of December 31, 2008. Under TB 64, our foreign investments in CICSA and FLC are not subject to price-level restatements based on inflation in those countries. Instead, the U.S. dollar is considered the functional currency for CICSA and FLC. As a result, the effect of a devaluation of the peso against the U.S. dollar on our financial statements is determined, in part, by the impact of such devaluation on the value of our investments in CICSA and FLC, as well as on foreign currency denominated obligations that qualify as a hedge against those investments. These effects are recorded in the account “Cumulative translation adjustment” in shareholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2008, our investment in CICSA and FLC amounted to Ch$149,161 million..As a result, the net accounting exposure with effect on the results of operations was a net liability of Ch$17,910 million.
CCU Argentina, as of December 31, 2008, had a net asset exposure of Ch$1,767 million due to financial investments and accounts receivable denominated in U.S. dollars. At the same date, FLC had a net liability exposure of Ch$12,489 million due to accounts payable. Additionally, according to TB 64 the Argentine peso net monetary liability position, as of December 31, 2008, amounted to Argentine Th$40,658 for CCU Argentina and Argentine Th$11,162 for FLC.
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Quantitative Information About Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Most of our debt is at a variable interest rate. However, we have entered into cross currency interest rate swaps related to our US$170 million loans to mitigate this risk. As of December 31, 2008, our interest-bearing debt amounted to Ch$247,535 million (see Notes 9, 10 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements), 56.0% of which was variable-rate debt and 44.0% was fixed-rate debt.
The following table summarizes debt obligations with interest rates by maturity date, the related weighted-average interest rates and fair values:
Interest-Bearing Debt as of December 31, 2008
(millions of Ch$, except percentages)
Expected Maturity Date | ||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | TOTAL | Fair Value | |||||||||
Fixed rate | ||||||||||||||||
Ch$ (UF) (1) (2) | Ch$18,178 | 16,386 | 4,977 | 4,129 | 4,088 | 56,531 | 104,289 | 86,467 | ||||||||
Interest rate | 6.0% | 6.3% | 4.8% | 4.1% | 4.0% | 4.7% | 5.0% | |||||||||
US$ | 2,856 | - | - | - | - | - | 2,856 | 2,856 | ||||||||
Average int. rate | 8.5% | - | - | - | - | - | 8.5% | |||||||||
Argentine pesos | 1,354 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,354 | 1,354 | ||||||||
Interest rate | 20.0% | - | - | - | - | - | 20.0% | |||||||||
Variable rate | ||||||||||||||||
Ch$ | - | 30,465 | - | - | - | - | 30,465 | 33,376 | ||||||||
Average int. rate | TAB+0.19 | |||||||||||||||
US$ (3) | 64,018 | - | - | 44,552 | - | - | 108,570 | 109,632 | ||||||||
Average int. rate | Lb+0.325 | - | - | Lb+0.27 | - | - | - | |||||||||
Derivative contract | ||||||||||||||||
Cross currency swaps: | 421 | |||||||||||||||
Receive US$ at Libor + 0.325 | 63,890 | - | 63,890 | |||||||||||||
Pay Ch$ (UF) at 3.44% | 76,013 | - | 76,013 | |||||||||||||
Receive US$ at Libor + 0.27 | 128 | 44,552 | - | 44,680 | ||||||||||||
Pay Ch$ (UF) at 2.25% | 112 | 39,691 | - | 39.803 | ||||||||||||
_________________ (1) A UF (Unidad de Fomento) is a daily indexed, peso-denominated monetary unit. The UF is set daily in advance based on the previous month's inflation rate. | ||||||||||||||||
(2) Bonds issued in the Chilean market. | ||||||||||||||||
(3) Includes the US$170 million loans that are hedged through cross currency interest rate swap agreements. |
Commodity Price Sensitivity
The major commodity price sensitivity faced by us is the variation of malt prices.
The following table summarizes information about our malt and bulk wine inventories and futures contracts that are sensitive to changes in commodity prices, mainly malt prices. For inventories, the table presents the carrying amount and fair value of the inventories and contracts as of December 31, 2008. For these contracts the table presents the notional amount in tons, the weighted average contract price, and the total dollar contract amount by expected maturity date.
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Commodity Price Sensitivity as of December 31, 2008
Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
On Balance Sheet Position | ||||||||||||||
Malt inventory (millions of Ch$) | Ch$5,646 | 4,709 | ||||||||||||
Bulk wine inventory - raw material | 21,129 | 19,439 | ||||||||||||
Expected Maturity | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | |||||||||
Purchase Contracts | ||||||||||||||
Malt: | ||||||||||||||
Fixed Purchase Volume (tons) | 66,500 | 39,000 | 39,000 | 33,000 | 33,000 | 73,000 | ||||||||
Weighted Average Price (US$ per ton) (*) | 513 | 516 | 525 | 525 | 525 | 525 | ||||||||
Contract Amount (thousands of US$) | US$34,081 | 20,134 | 20,475 | 17,325 | 17,325 | 38,325 | 148,838 | |||||||
Grapes: | ||||||||||||||
Fixed Purchase Volume (tons) | 17,976 | 9,722 | 7,385 | 6,743 | 3,042 | 54,293 | ||||||||
Weighted Average Price (Ch$ per kg.) (*) | 342 | 310 | 301 | 260 | 400 | 463 | ||||||||
Contract Amount (millions of Ch$) | Ch$6,145 | 3,010 | 2,226 | 1,750 | 1,216 | 4,367 | 18,660 | |||||||
Wine: | ||||||||||||||
Fixed Purchase Volume (million liters) | 9.1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Weighted Average Price (Ch$ per liter) (*) | 209 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Contract Amount (millions of Ch$) | Ch$1,910 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,785 | |||||||
_________________________ (*) Weighted average price estimation is calculated based on expected market prices. Prices to be paid by us are adjusted based on current market conditions. |
As of December 31, 2007 we had malt purchase contracts for US$151.2 million, compared with US$147.6 million as of December 31, 2008.
Exchange Rate Sensitivity
The major exchange rate risk faced by us is the variation of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar.
On November 9, 2004, the Cayman Islands Branch of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. entered into a US$100 million, five-year unsecured, syndicated loan agreement. This credit agreement has a variable interest rate of LIBOR + 0.30% in U.S. dollars until the third year anniversary, and LIBOR + 0.325% in U.S. dollars for the final two years. The entire principal will be paid at maturity. Interest payments are made on a quarterly basis. The credit agreement was syndicated by 10 banks. To avoid the exchange and interest risks of this loan, we entered into a cross currency interest rate swap agreement for the total amount of the loan. As a consequence, we replaced the risk of LIBOR fluctuations for this credit agreement with a fixed rate of 3.44% in UF (Unidad de Fomento), a daily indexed peso-denominated monetary unit that is set daily in advance based on the prior month’s inflation rate.
On November 23, 2007, the Cayman Islands Branch of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. entered into a US$70 million, five-year unsecured, loan agreement. This credit agreement has a variable interest rate of LIBOR + 0.27% in U.S. dollars. The amortization of the loan will be done in one payment at the maturity date. Interest payments are made on a semi-annual basis. To avoid the exchange and interest risks of this credit, we entered into a cross currency interest rate swap agreement for the total amount of this loan. As a consequence, we replaced the risk of LIBOR fluctuations for this credit agreement with a fixed rate of 2.75% in UF.
A portion of our subsidiaries operating revenue and assets and liabilities are in currencies that differ from our functional currency. However, since some of their operating revenues and expenses are in the same currency, this can create a partial natural hedge. In the case of our subsidiary Viña San Pedro, occasionally there exist short-term timing differences related to invoicing and cash collection which can generate currency exposure. We have entered into short-term US dollar currency forward contracts to mitigate this risk.
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The following table summarizes our debt obligations, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and derivative contracts in foreign currencies as of December 31, 2008 in million Chilean pesos, according to their maturity date, weighted-average interest rates and fair values:
(millions of Ch$, except percentages and exchange rate)
Expected Maturity Date | ||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | TOTAL | Fair Value | |||||||||
Debt Obligations | ||||||||||||||||
Variable rate (US$) | ||||||||||||||||
Short and medium term (1) | Ch$64,018 | - | - | 44,552 | - | - | 108,570 | 109,632 | ||||||||
Average int. rate | Libor+0.325 | - | - | Libor+0.27 | - | - | - | |||||||||
Fixed rate (US$) | ||||||||||||||||
Short term | 2,856 | 2,856 | 2,856 | |||||||||||||
Interest rate | 8.5% | 8.5% | ||||||||||||||
Fixed rate (Argentine $) | ||||||||||||||||
Short term | 1,354 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,354 | 1,354 | ||||||||
Interest rate | 20.0% | - | - | - | - | - | 20.0% | |||||||||
Cash and Cash | ||||||||||||||||
Equivalents | ||||||||||||||||
US$ | 1,922 | 1,922 | 1,922 | |||||||||||||
Others | 3,508 | 3,508 | 3,508 | |||||||||||||
TOTAL | 5,430 | 5,430 | 5,430 | |||||||||||||
Accounts Receivables | ||||||||||||||||
US$ | 16,973 | 16,973 | 16,973 | |||||||||||||
Argentine Pesos | 16,363 | 16,363 | 16,363 | |||||||||||||
Others | 9,451 | 9,451 | 9,451 | |||||||||||||
TOTAL | 42,787 | 42,787 | 42,787 | |||||||||||||
Expected Maturity Date | ||||||||||||||||||
Notional | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Thereafter | TOTAL | Fair Value | ||||||||||
amount | ||||||||||||||||||
Derivative Contracts (in | ||||||||||||||||||
thousand of US$) | ||||||||||||||||||
Receive Ch$/pay US$ | US$181,216 | US$118,853 | US$62,363 | US$181,216 | US$171,795- | |||||||||||||
Receive US$/pay Ch$ | US$100,000 | US$70,000 | US$170,000 | US$172,456 | ||||||||||||||
(1) This debt considers US$ loans that are hedged through cross currency interest rate swap agreements which convert the entire US$ debt to Ch$ debt (UF5,376,291). |
In accordance with Chilean generally accepted accounting principles, we apply TB 64 issued by the Chilean Institute of Accountants to translate and value investments in foreign subsidiaries (see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements). Under TB 64, our foreign investments in CICSA and FLC are not subject to price-level restatements based on inflation in those countries. Instead, the U.S. dollar is considered to be the functional currency. As a result, the effect of a devaluation of the peso against the U.S. dollar on our financial statements is determined, in part, by the impact of such devaluation on the value of our investments in CICSA and FLC, as well as on foreign currency denominated obligations that qualify as a hedge against those investments. These effects are recorded in the account “Cumulative translation adjustment” in shareholder’s equity. As of December 31, 2008, our investment in CICSA and FLC amounted to Ch$149,161 million and the negative cumulative translation adjustment account amounted to Ch$3,937 million.
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ITEM 12: Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable
PART II
ITEM 13: Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not applicable
ITEM 14: Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable
ITEM 15: Controls and Procedures
(a)Controls and Procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, have evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(c)) as of December 31, 2008. These controls and procedures were designed to ensure that material information relating to us and our subsidiaries are communicated to our CEO and CFO. Based on such evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information required to be included in our periodic SEC reports. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls and procedures subsequent to the date of this evaluation.
(b)Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our management, including our CEO and CFO, are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and, based on such criteria, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting is effective.
Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
(c)Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm. See page F-2 of our audited consolidated financial statements.
(d)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16A: Audit Committee Financial Expert
At the board meeting held on April 20, 2009, our board of directors appointed as members of our audit committee Messrs. Giorgio Maschietto, Carlos Olivos and Alberto Sobredo, each of whom is independent as defined by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Our directors that are members of our audit committee, in its meeting held on May 4, 2009, analyzed the requirements that Section 407 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act sets forth regarding the qualifications of an "Audit Committee Financial Expert" and, after due consideration, determined that none of the members of the audit committee meets the requirements of an "Audit Committee Financial Expert". However, we are not required to have an "Audit Committee Financial Expert" or similar expert under relevant U.S. or Chilean law.
ITEM 16B: Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct that applies to all of our executive officers and employees. Our Code of Business Conduct is available on our website at www.ccu-sa.com. Our code of ethics was amended in December 2007 and no waivers, either explicit or implicit, of provisions of the code of ethics have been granted to the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer.
ITEM 16C: Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The following table sets forth the fees billed to us by our independent auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008:
2007 | 2008 | |||
(million of Ch$ as of December 2008) | ||||
Audit Fees | 438 | 367 | ||
Audit-Related Fees | 6 | 62 | ||
Tax Fees | 1 | 0 | ||
All Other Fees | 19 | 47 | ||
Total Fees | 464 | 476 |
“Audit fees” in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers in connection with the review and audit of our semi-annual and annual consolidated financial statements, as well as the review of other fillings. “Audit-related fees” are the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements or that are traditionally performed by the external auditor, and include consultations regarding the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and due diligence related to transactions. “Tax fees” are fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers associated with the issuance of certificates for tax and legal compliance purposes. “All Other Fees” are mostly related to the migration to IFRS.
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Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Since July 2005, our audit committee pre-approves all audit and non-audit services provided by our independent auditor pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and pre-approves all audit services provided by any other public accounting firm.
ITEM 16D: Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E: Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Not applicable.
ITEM 16G: Corporate Governance
General summary of significant differences with regard to corporate government standards
The following paragraphs provide a brief, general summary of significant differences between corporate government practices followed by us pursuant to our home-country rules and those applicable to U.S. domestic issuers under New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, listing standards.
Composition of the board of directors; independence.The NYSE listing standards provide that listed companies must have a majority of independent directors and that certain board committees must consist solely of independent directors. Under NYSE rule 303A.02, a director qualifies as independent only if the board affirmatively determines that such director has no material relationship with the company, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the NYSE listing standards enumerate a number of relationships that preclude independence.
Under Chilean law there is no legal obligation to have independent directors. However, Chilean law establishes a number of principles of general applicability designed to avoid conflicts of interests and to establish standards for related party transactions. Specifically, directors elected by a group or class of shareholders have the same duties to the company and to the other shareholders as the rest of the directors, and all transactions with the company in which a director has an interest, either personally (which includes the director’s spouse and certain relatives) or as a representative of a third party, require prior approval by the board of directors and must be entered into on market terms and conditions. Furthermore, such transactions must be reviewed by the directors committee (as defined below) and disclosed at the next meeting of shareholders. Pursuant to NYSE rule 303A.00, we may follow Chilean practices and are not required to have a majority of independent directors.
Committees.The NYSE listing standards require that listed companies have a Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee, a Compensation Committee and an Audit Committee. Each of these committees must consist solely of independent directors and must have a written charter that addresses certain matters specified by the listing standards.
Under Chilean law, the only board committee that is required is the directors committee (comité de directores), composed of three members, such committee having a direct responsibility to (a) review the company’s financial statements and the independent auditors’ report and issue an opinion on such financial statements and report prior to their submission for shareholders’ approval, (b) make recommendations to the board of directors with respect to the appointment of independent auditors and risk rating agencies, (c) review transactions in which directors have an interest and transactions between affiliated companies, and issue a report on such transactions, (d) review the principal executive officers’ compensation policies and plans and (e) perform other duties as defined by the company’s bylaws, by the general shareholders’ meeting or by the board. A director who is a member of the directors committee is deemed to be “independent” if, subtracting the votes of the controlling shareholder and its affiliates from the total number of votes given in favor of such director, he or she would have been nevertheless elected. Directors elected with the votes of the controlling shareholder and its affiliates may constitute the majority of the directors committee if there are not enough independent directors on the board.
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Pursuant to NYSE Rule 303A.06, we must have an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act by July 31, 2005. Therefore, our board of directors, on the meeting held on April 20, 2009, appointed as members of our audit committee Messrs. Giorgio Maschietto, Carlos Olivos and Alberto Sobredo, all of them meet the independence criteria contained in the Exchange Act and the NYSE Rule.
Shareholder approval of equity-compensation plans. Under NYSE listing standards, shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity-compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with limited exemptions. An “equity-compensation plan” is a plan or other arrangement that provides for the delivery of equity securities of the listed company to any employee, director or other service provider as compensation for services.
Under Chilean law, if previously approved by shareholders at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, up to ten percent of a capital increase in a publicly traded company may be set aside to fund equity-compensation plans for the company’s employees and/or for the employees of the company’s subsidiaries. Pursuant to NYSE rule 303A.00, as a foreign issuer, we may follow Chilean practices and are not required to comply with the NYSE listing standards with respect to shareholder approval of equity-compensation plans.
Corporate Governance Guidelines.The NYSE listing standards provide that listed companies must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines with regard to (a) director qualifications standards; (b) director responsibilities; (c) director access to management and independent advisors; (d) director compensation; (e) director orientation and continuing education; (f) management succession; and (g) annual performance evaluation of the board.
Chilean law does not require that such corporate governance guidelines be adopted. Director responsibilities and access to management and independent advisors are directly provided for by applicable law. Director compensation is determined by the annual meeting of shareholders pursuant to applicable law. As a foreign issuer, we may follow Chilean practices and are not required to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.The NYSE listing standards require that listed companies adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers.
We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies generally to all of our executive officers and employees. A copy of the code of business conduct and ethics is available in our website at www.ccu-sa.com.
Manual of Information of Interest to the Market. In 2008, the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, or SVS) promulgated new rules which require public companies to adopt a manual regarding disclosure of information of interest to the market, board members and executives shares transactions and black out periods for such transactions. This manual applies to our directors, the directors of our subsidiaries, our executive officers, some of our employees which may be in possession of confidential, reserved or privileged information of interest, and to our advisors. The manual took effect on June 1, 2008. A copy of the manual regarding disclosure of information of interest to the market is available in our website at www.ccu-sa.com.
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Executive Sessions. To empower non-management directors to serve as a more effective check on management, NYSE listing standards provide that non-management directors of each company must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management.
Under Chilean law, the office of director is not legally compatible with that of a company officer in publicly traded companies. The board of directors exercises its functions as a collective body and may partially delegate its powers to executive officers, attorneys, a director or a board commission of the company, and for specific purposes to other persons. As a foreign issuer, we may follow Chilean practices and are not required to comply with the NYSE listing standard for executive sessions.
Certification Requirements. Under NYSE listing standards, Section 303A.12(a) provides that each listed company CEO must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards and Section 303A.12(b) provides that each listed company CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer of the listed company becomes aware of any material non-compliance with any applicable provisions of Section 303A.
As a foreign private issuer, we must comply with Section 303A.12(b) of the NYSE listing standards, but we are not required to comply with 303A.12(a).
PART III
ITEM 17: Financial Statements
The Company has responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this item.
ITEM 18: Financial Statements
See Annex for the Financial Statements
ITEM 19: Exhibits
1.1 | Company by-laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2001, filed on June 28, 2002). | |
8.1 | Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. significant subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003, filed on June 24, 2004). | |
12.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
12.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
13.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
13.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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Index to Financial Statements and Schedules
113
COMPAÑIA CERVECERIAS UNIDAS S.A.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
December 31, 2008
Consolidated Financial Statements
CONTENTS | |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
Audited Financial Statements: | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007 | |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 | |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |
Ch$ | - | Chilean pesos | ||
ThCh$ | - | Thousands of Chilean pesos | ||
US$ | - | United States dollars | ||
A$ | - | Argentine pesos | ||
€ | - | Euros | ||
UF | - | A UF is a daily indexed, peso-denominated monetary unit. The UF rate is set daily in advance based on the previous month’s inflation rate. |
F - 1
PricewaterhouseCoopers | |
RUT.: 81.513.400-1 | |
Santiago de Chile | |
Av. Andres Bello 2711 | |
Torre La Costanera - Pisos 2, 3, 4 y 5 | |
Las Condes | |
Telefono: (56) (2) 940 0000 | |
www.pwc.c1 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Compañia Cervecerías Unidas S.A.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Compañia Cervecerias Unidas S.A. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Accounting principles generally accepted in Chile vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements.
F - 2
Compañia Cervecerías Unidas S.A.
2
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Santiago, Chile
June 19, 2009
F - 3
COMPAÑIA CERVECERIAS UNIDAS S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed
in thousands of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
As of December 31, | ||||
ASSETS | 2008 | 2007 | ||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
CURRENT ASSETS | ||||
Cash | 17,493,871 | 21,445,353 | ||
Time deposits and marketable securities (Note 3) | 18,869,641 | 77,511,343 | ||
Accounts receivable - trade and other, net (Note 4) | 150,175,806 | 130,745,094 | ||
Accounts receivable from related companies (Note 15) | 5,902,504 | 6,243,842 | ||
Inventories (Note 5) | 133,910,003 | 84,267,467 | ||
Prepaid expenses | 6,075,695 | 7,884,342 | ||
Prepaid taxes (Note 13) | 16,868,496 | 3,196,621 | ||
Other current assets (Note 6) | 26,414,798 | 32,873,231 | ||
Total current assets | 375,710,814 | 364,167,293 | ||
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, net (Note 7) | 519,519,954 | 429,045,216 | ||
OTHER ASSETS (Note 8) | 177,722,464 | 106,972,845 | ||
Total assets | 1,072,953,232 | 900,185,354 | ||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||
Short-term borrowings (Note 9) | 17,323,073 | 6,112,660 | ||
Current portion of bank borrowings and bonds payable (Notes 10 and 11) | 69,083,024 | 5,160,814 | ||
Dividends payable | 6,957,762 | 17,067,416 | ||
Accounts payable | 78,305,254 | 61,815,455 | ||
Notes payable | 1,206,916 | 3,927,548 | ||
Other payables | 7,334,079 | 7,140,786 | ||
Accounts payable to related companies (Note 15) | 14,198,438 | 3,750,086 | ||
Accrued expenses (Note 12) | 43,123,994 | 34,506,636 | ||
Withholding taxes payable | 23,297,655 | 18,017,559 | ||
Income tax (Note 13) | 2,099,664 | 5,537,692 | ||
Other current liabilities | 10,438,438 | 1,092,075 | ||
Total current liabilities | 273,368,297 | 164,128,727 | ||
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | ||||
Bank borrowings (Note 10) | 103,690,362 | 116,643,380 | ||
Bonds payable (Note 11) | 57,439,256 | 60,955,291 | ||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (Note 12) | 16,051,111 | 36,213,083 | ||
Deferred income taxes (Note 13) | 23,180,414 | 16,470,916 | ||
Deposits on bottles and containers | 8,567,656 | 8,100,645 | ||
Long-term accounts payable to related companies (Note 15) | 610,093 | 664,391 | ||
Total long-term liabilities | 209,538,892 | 239,047,706 | ||
Total liabilities | 482,907,189 | 403,176,433 | ||
MINORITY INTEREST | 93,800,248 | 59,453,228 | ||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 17) | ||||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Note 14) | ||||
Common Stock (318,502,872 shares with no par value authorized and outstanding) | 215,540,419 | 215,540,419 | ||
Share premium | 16,856,819 | 16,856,819 | ||
Other reserves | 2,161,946 | (23,728,026) | ||
Retained earnings | 261,686,611 | 228,886,481 | ||
Total shareholders’ equity | 496,245,795 | 437,555,693 | ||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 1,072,953,232 | 900,185,354 | ||
The accompanying notes 1 to 25 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F - 4
COMPAÑIA CERVECERIAS UNIDAS S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed
in thousands of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
For the years ended | ||||||
December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Net sales | 781,789,468 | 684,201,409 | 638,356,685 | |||
Cost of sales | (369,739,160) | (321,561,942) | (303,963,118) | |||
Gross margin | 412,050,308 | 362,639,467 | 334,393,567 | |||
Selling and administrative expenses | (290,984,615) | (252,232,238) | (241,186,712) | |||
Operating income | 121,065,693 | 110,407,229 | 93,206,855 | |||
NON-OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Non-operating income (Note 19) | 4,419,685 | 22,049,634 | 9,145,785 | |||
Non-operating expenses (Note 20) | (20,132,831) | (20,758,806) | (19,937,078) | |||
Price-level restatement and exchange differences (Note 21) | (5,449,480) | (4,924,377) | (741,159) | |||
Income before income taxes and minority interest | 99,903,067 | 106,773,680 | 81,674,403 | |||
Income taxes (Note 13) | (14,085,385) | (18,151,902) | (16,648,711) | |||
Income before minority interest | 85,817,682 | 88,621,778 | 65,025,692 | |||
Minority interest | (3,186,979) | (2,373,831) | 275,493 | |||
NET INCOME | 82,630,703 | 86,247,947 | 65,301,185 | |||
The accompanying notes 1 to 25 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F - 5
COMPAÑIA CERVECERIAS UNIDAS S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in
thousands of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
NET INCOME | 82,630,703 | 86,247,947 | 65,301,185 | |||
CHARGES (CREDITS) TO INCOME NOT REPRESENTING CASH FLOWS: | ||||||
Depreciation | 54,623,450 | 48,807,702 | 48,528,563 | |||
Amortization of goodwill | 3,636,157 | 2,959,678 | 4,186,508 | |||
Amortization of negative goodwill | (90,583) | (54,569) | (57,440) | |||
Amortization of other intangibles | 945,845 | 642,020 | 676,914 | |||
Provision for impairment of property, plant and equipment and write-offs of glass bottles, write-offs of spare parts and other provisions | 3,808,149 | 4,956,013 | 5,475,873 | |||
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates (net) | (472,279) | 1,590,525 | (126,010) | |||
Price-level restatement | 5,449,480 | 4,924,377 | 741,159 | |||
Gain on sale of land and properties held for sale | (828,183) | (129,534) | (4,322,377) | |||
Gain on sale of investments and other assets | (399,061) | (16,488,602) | (454,514) | |||
Deferred income taxes | 8,794,208 | (1,222,560) | (1,542,365) | |||
Other debits | 3,664,087 | 6,224,345 | 7,011,461 | |||
Other credits | (5,599,930) | (3,173,033) | (1,721,088) | |||
Minority interest | 3,186,979 | 2,373,831 | (275,494) | |||
CHANGES IN ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AFFECTING CASH FLOWS: | ||||||
Accounts and notes receivable | 7,231,494 | (24,157,541) | (15,511,211) | |||
Inventories | (37,852,102) | 1,796,468 | (2,400,672) | |||
Other assets | 6,200,264 | (19,816,448) | (11,730,268) | |||
Accounts payable affecting non-operating results | 4,534,948 | 25,565,857 | 22,441,554 | |||
Interest payable | 773,694 | 431,445 | (9,165) | |||
Income tax payable | (18,114,899) | 2,019,448 | 422,851 | |||
Accounts payable affecting non-operating results | (7,782,547) | 7,723,459 | (1,293,900) | |||
Value added tax | 5,255,370 | (999,429) | (896,502) | |||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 119,595,244 | 130,221,399 | 114,445,062 | |||
F - 6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in
thousands of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Proceeds from bank borrowings | 32,175,376 | 48,214,181 | 10,458,597 | |||
Repayments of bank borrowings | (6,011,885) | (34,887,279) | (12,108,033) | |||
Proceeds from bonds | - | - | - | |||
Repayments of bonds payable | (3,723,812) | (2,831,449) | (4,073,748) | |||
Dividends paid | (52,491,805) | (42,755,870) | (36,798,213) | |||
Proceeds from issuance of common shares | - | 8,263,433 | - | |||
Other | (24,950) | (286,369) | 603,973 | |||
Net cash used in financing activities | (30,077,076) | (24,283,353) | (41,917,424) | |||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Capital expenditures | (63,315,818) | (70,197,018) | (58,686,271) | |||
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | 1,016,148 | 5,536,934 | 3,936,633 | |||
Proceeds from sale of investments in affiliates | - | 17,940,468 | - | |||
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | (96,753,169) | (9,589,425) | (1,772,884) | |||
(Investments in) proceeds from financial instruments | (5,689,771) | 5,435,943 | 13,911,236 | |||
Accounts receivable from related companies | (14,177) | - | (323,411) | |||
Purchase of trademarks | - | - | (17,591,459) | |||
Other | 4,266,572 | (1,225,705) | 56,138 | |||
Net cash used in investment activities | (160,490,215) | (52,098,803) | (60,470,018) | |||
Price-level restatement and foreing exchange of cash and cash equivalents | (6,225,846) | (1,789,975) | 157,132 | |||
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (77,197,893) | 52,049,268 | 12,214,752 | |||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR | 127,101,694 | 75,052,426 | 62,837,674 | |||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR | 49,903,801 | 127,101,694 | 75,052,426 | |||
The accompanying notes 1 to 25 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F - 7
COMPAÑIA CERVECERIAS UNIDAS S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2008
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in thousands
of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008, except as indicated
NOTE 1 - NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. (“CCU”, or “the Company” or "the Parent Company") is the largest producer, bottler and distributor of beer in Chile. CCU’s line of beers includes a full range of super-premium, premium, medium-priced and popular-priced brands, which are primarily marketed under six different proprietary brand names and two brand extensions. The Company has three beer production facilities located throughout Chile, and has a nationwide production and distribution network. In Chile, the Company also produces and distributes Heineken beer, and imports and distributes Budweiser.
The Company is one of the largest producers in the Argentine beer market. It has two beer production facilities in Argentina, in Salta and Santa Fe. The Company produces and distributes Heineken and Budweiser beers in Argentina, as well as its own proprietary brands.
The Company also produces Chilean wine through a controlling interest in Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. (“VSPT”), Chile’s second largest wine exporter and third largest winery in the domestic market. VSPT produces and markets premium, varietal and popular-priced wines under the brand families Viña San Pedro, Tarapacá and Santa Helena.
The Company is one of the largest mineral water producers and soft drink producers, bottler, and distributor in Chile of its proprietary brands and those brands produced under license from PepsiCo, Schweppes Holding Limited and Watt’s S.A. The Company’s soft drink and nectar products are produced in three facilities located throughout Chile, and its mineral water is bottled in two plants in the central region of the country.
The Company also produces spirits (grape´s brandy) through its subsidiary Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. ("CPCh"). This subsidiary is the result of the merger of the previously existing subsidiary Pisconor S.A. with Cooperativa Agrícola Control Pisquero de Elqui y Limarí ("Control") Limitada in March 2005. The subsidiary holds a significant portion of the spirits market.
A summary of significant accounting policies is set forth below:
a) Presentation
These accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile and the regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (hereinafter referred to as “SVS”). In the event of discrepancy, the SVS regulations would prevail. There were no material discrepancies in the principles or regulations that have effected the accompanying financial statements.
The Company has issued its audited statutory consolidated financial statements in Spanish and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile, which include certain notes and additional information required by the SVS for statutory purposes. Management believes that these additional notes and information are not essential for the complete understanding of the consolidated financial statements and accordingly, these notes and additional information have been excluded from the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
F - 8
b) Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent Company and subsidiaries in which the Parent Company holds control. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The participation of minority shareholders is presented in the consolidated financial statements under Minority interest.
The consolidated financial statements include the following significant subsidiaries:
At December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
% | % | % | ||||
Percentage of direct and indirect ownership: | ||||||
Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. (previously Inv. Ecusa S.A.) (8) | 99.94 | 99.94 | 99.94 | |||
Comercial CCU S.A. | 99.97 | 99.97 | 99.97 | |||
Southern Breweries Establishment | 99.99 | 99.97 | 99.97 | |||
Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. | 80.00 | 80.00 | 80.00 | |||
Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A. (3) | 92.95 | 92.79 | 92.04 | |||
Compañía Industrial Cervecera S.A. (5) | 95.69 | 92.37 | 91.31 | |||
Millahue S.A. (previously Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A.) (6) | 99.93 | 99.93 | 99.93 | |||
Andina de Desarrollo S.A. | 56.65 | 54.69 | 54.06 | |||
CCU Cayman Limited | 99.98 | 99.95 | 99.94 | |||
Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada (previously Pisconor S.A.) (7) | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | |||
Fábrica de Envases Plásticos S.A. (16) | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | |||
Finca Eugenio Bustos S.A. | 50.44 | 58.14 | 60.20 | |||
Saint Joseph Investment Limited | 99.98 | 99.95 | 99.94 | |||
South Investment Limited | 99.98 | 99.95 | 99.94 | |||
Transportes CCU Limitada | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | |||
Vending y Servicios CCU Limitada | 99.94 | 99.94 | 99.94 | |||
Inversiones Invex CCU Ltda. (previously Invex CCU S.A.) (9) | 99.98 | 99.95 | 99.94 | |||
CCU Inversiones S.A. (10) | 99.95 | 99.94 | 99.94 | |||
Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A. (11) | 50.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | |||
New Ecusa S.A. (12) | 99.94 | 99.94 | 99.94 | |||
Promarca Ecusa S.A. | - | - | 99.94 | |||
Aguas CCU Nestlé Chile S.A (1) | 79.95 | 79.95 | - | |||
CCU Investments Limited.(14) | 99.99 | 99.99 | - | |||
Financiera CRECCU S.A. (17) | 99.99 | - | - | |||
Viña Santa Helena S.A. | 50.05 | 58.09 | 60.14 | |||
Viña Altaïr S.A. (previously Viña Dassault San Pedro S.A.).(13) | 49.99 | 58.15 | - | |||
Viña Urmeneta S.A. | 49.99 | 58.15 | 60.20 | |||
San Pedro Limited | 49.99 | - | - | |||
Finca La Celia S.A. (2) | 50.04 | 58.14 | 60.20 | |||
Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. (4) | 49.99 | 58.15 | 60.20 |
F - 9
As a consequence of the merger of VT in to VSP, the following subsidiaries are also included in the consolidation financial statements:
Vitivinícola del Maipo S.A. | 49.99 | - | - | |||
Viña Misiones de Rengo S.A. | 49.99 | - | - | |||
Viña Del Mar de Casablanca S.A. | 49.99 | - | - | |||
Transportes y logística Sursol S.A | 49.99 | - | - | |||
Bodega Tamarí S.A | 49.99 | - | - |
(1) Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A.
In the General Shareholder’s Meeting dated April 15th, 2008 it was agreed to distribute the final dividend N° 1 for a total amount of ThCh$471,222, corresponding to $0.044746052 per share.
On December 5th, 2008 the Board agreed to distribute the interim dividend N° 2 for a total amount of ThCh$2,489,000, corresponding to $0.2363492665 per share. The dividend will be available for the shareholders from January 6th, 2009 on.
On November 12th, 2007, was constituted the society Ecusa Dos S.A., which shareholders were Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. and Millahue S.A. (previously Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A.). Each one of them contributed ThCh$500, constituting a capital of ThCh$1,000 divided into 1,000 shares.
On December 4th, 2007, according to the first shareholders meeting, it was determined to change the name of Ecusa Dos S.A. to Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. Also, it was agreed to increase the capital on ThCh$10,531,024 through the issuing of 10,531,023,856 shares with a nominal value of Ch$1. This increase was paid through the contribution of fixed assets, inventories and production facilities by the Company and the subsidiaries Vending y Servicios CCU Ltda., Millahue S.A. (previously Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A.) and Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A.
On December 5th, 2007 the Company, Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A., and Vending y Servicios CCU Ltda. handed over their rights, and Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., part of its, to Nestlé Waters Chile S.A., as a consequence, Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. has 80% of the ownership and Nestlé Waters Chile S.A. 20%.
(2) Finca La Celia S.A.
On December 30th, 2008, the Company received irrevocable capital contribution from Viña Santa Helena S.A. of US$6,000,000, for future company’s capital increases. After this contribution and as of December 31st, 2008, Viña Santa Helena S.A. owns 90.6603% and Viña San Pedro S.A. 9.3397% of Finca La Celia equity.
On May 24 th, June 23rd and August 2nd, 2006, the General Shareholders Meeting agreed to increase the social capital in US$400,000, US$400,000 and US$140,000, respectively; through the issuing of 900,000 common shares. Viña San Pedro S.A. subscribed all the issued shares. The final equity of the subsidiary is equivalent to 1,900,000 shares as of December 31st, 2007, and Viña San Pedro S.A. ownership is 98.69% .
(3) Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A. ("CCU Argentina S.A.")
On April 1st and June 10th, 2008 the Company received irrevocable capital contributions from Invex CCU S.A. of US$70,000,000 and US$4,600,000 respectively, for future company’s capital increases. On June 3rd, 2008 the first amount was capitalized.
F - 10
On May 30 th, 2008 CCU Cayman Branch transferred 264,188,240 Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A. shares of its property, equivalent to US$109,835,718, to Invex CCU S.A.
Pursuant to these changes, as of December 31st, 2008 the shareholders of CCU Argentina S.A. are Inversiones Invex CCU Ltda. (previously Invex CCU S.A.) (95.96%) and Anheuser Busch Inc (4.04%) . As of December 31st, 2007 the shareholders of CCU Argentina S.A. were CCU Cayman Branch (92.04%) and Anheuser Busch Inc (7.96%) .
On December 6th, 2007, CCU Argentina received an irrevocable capital contribution from Invex CCU S.A., equivalent to US$15,000,000, corresponding to future capital increases of the firm capitalized on June 3rd, 2008.
(4) Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A.(VSPT)
On August 28th, 2008 CCU S.A. bought 1,199,039,008 VSP shares in ThCh$4,456,924 (historic) increasing it’s participation in VSP to 63.1453% . The transaction generated negative goodwill for ThCh$1,481,357.
Viña San Pedro S.A. and Viña Tarapacá Ex Zavala General Extraordinary Shareholders Meetings, both hold on December 3rd, 2008, approved the merge by absorption of Viña Tarapacá with Viña San Pedro, being the latter the absorptive one, through the approval of a capital increase of ThCh$30,193,541 divided into 15,987,878,653 shares. The swap ratio of the new issue to be handed out to the VT shareholders was 1,480.30828321 VSP shares for each VT share. The amendment to the By-Laws with regards to the change of the Company’s name into Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. (VSPT) was also approved. This transaction generated negative goodwill of ThCh$2,417,866.
On December 3rd, 2008, CCU S.A. bought 25% of the VT shares in US$33.1 million (ThCh$22,092,264), equivalent to 10% of VSPT shares, which after the swap represented 3,996,969,663 VSPT shares, generating goodwill of ThCh$1,284,812.
The merger had accounting effects as of October 1st, 2008 whereas for legal effects the merge was formalized on December 9th, 2008 through the respective Extraordinary Shareholders Meetings Acts public deeds, notwithstanding the shares swap took place in January 2009.
Additionally, in December 2008 a Company’s affiliate bought more VSP shares increasing its VSP’s equity participation to 66.66% prior to the shares swap, which represents 50.00% after the VSPT swap. This transaction generated negative goodwill of ThCh$ 1,273,299.
As a consequence of the above referred changes, as of December 31st, 2008, the VSPT shareholders are Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. (CCU S.A.) with 47.8872% and CCU Inversiones S.A. with 2.1128%, which altogether gives CCU S.A. 50.00% participation over the VSPT shares. The other shareholders are Compañía Chilena de Fósforos S.A. (CCF) and minority shareholders with 30.00% and 20.00% participation respectively. Regardless of these percentages, CCU S.A. has consolidated VSPT considering that the Shareholders Agreement subscribed with CCF grants control to CCU S.A. After the share swap held on January 2009, the Company acquired additional shares of VSPT and increase it participation to 50.01% .
Goodwill and negative goodwill resulting from the abovementioned transactions including amortization of ThCh$4,721 as of December 31, 2008 was presented netted for local purposes; resulting in total negative goodwill of ThCh$3,882,989 (see note 8 d).
The Company registered the transaction under the acquisition mode as per Technical Bulletin N° 72 of the Colegio de Contadores de Chile AG. The transaction generated a Goodwill of ThCh$ 1,133,054, which corresponds to the positive difference between the determined value and the VSPT adjusted net worth value. Following we present a detailed summary of the Goodwill:
F - 11
ThCh$ | ||
Viña Tarapacá Ex Zavala S.A. equity at Book Value | ||
October 1st2008 | 44,161,157 | |
Fair Value adjustment (47.8872%) | 39,507,000 | |
Viña Tarapacá Ex Zavala S.A. at Fair Value | 83,668,157 | |
Viña San Pedro S.A. equity at Book Value as of | ||
October 1st2008 | 106,458,760 | |
Fair Value adjustment (2008 acquisition equivalent to 2.9999%) | 14,514,240 | |
Viña San Pedro S.A. at Fair Value | 120,973,000 | |
Equity method value in Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. | 91,481,777 | |
Assets handed over by CCU S.A. in the transaction | (89,063,911) | |
Negative Goodwill | 2,417,866 | |
Goodwill in the acquisition of 25% of Viña Tarapacá S.A. before the merge | (1,284,812) | |
Net merger Negative Goodwill as of October 1st,2008 | 1,133,054 | |
Because of the Merger, as of December 31st, 2008 VSPT consolidates the following affiliates:
Viña Misiones de Rengo S.A.
Viña Misiones de Rengo S.A was formed by public deed dated July 31st, 2000, and it is considered a relatively young vineyard in the wine industry, dedicated to the commercialization of fine wines in Chile as well as abroad.
Vitivinícola del Maipo S.A.
Vitivinícola del Maipo S.A. (Videma) was formed by public deed dated April 3rd, 1995, and its purpose is the viticulture activity in general, focusing primarily in the commercialization of fine wines in Chile and abroad.
Viña del Mar de Casablanca S.A.
Viña del Mar de Casablanca S.A. was formed on July 18 th, 2002 and it is located in the Casablanca Valley, a Chilean and worldly viticulture emblematic location. The vineyard is dedicated to the production of complex and original wines based on a modern enological concept. It has the state of the art technology in order to meet the highest standards in the world.
Transportes y Logística SURSOL S.A.
The Company was formed by public deed dated August 31st, 2004. Its main activities are the transportation, distribution and commercialization of merchandise, domestic and international cargo and fleet, lease of machinery and equipment (proprietary or for third parties), and any kind of administration and exploitation of transport vehicles.
Bodega Tamarí S.A.
The Company was formed with the name "Bodegas del Valle S.A." by public deed dated July 30th, 2004 and later renamed "Bodega Tamarí S.A." on the Shareholders Meeting hold on February 22nd, 2006; it was registered in the Mendoza Companies Public Registry on March 14th, 2006. The Company is dedicated to the fine wine making, with grapes mostly from the Mendoza valley, Argentina, taking advantage of the Mendoza province high land conditions for the growing of great quality grapes.
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(5) Compañía Industrial Cervecera S.A. ("CICSA")
On April 1st and June 11th, 2008 CICSA received irrevocable capital contributions from CCU Argentina S.A. for US$ 85,000,000 and US$ 4,027,000, respectively, for future capital increases in the Company.
On July 1st2008 receives another capital contribution from CCU Argentina S.A. for US$ 573,000.
As of December 31st, 2008 the shareholders of CICSA are CCU Argentina S.A. and third parties in 99.73% and 0.27% respectively. (As of December 31st, 2007 the shareholders of CICSA were CCU Argentina S.A. y minority shareholders in 99.21% and 0.79% respectively).
On October 4th, 2007 the affiliate Compañía Industrial Cervecera S.A. (CICSA) subscribed a contract for the acquisition of 100% of Inversora Cervecera S.A. (ICSA)’s shares. The transaction was conditioned to the approval of the antitrust authorities (at present, the Secretary of Domestic Trade or Secretaría de Comercio Interior) which was obtained on March 31st, 2008.
The payment of the transaction was done on April 2nd, 2008, considering an initial payment of ThUS$88,000, less liabilities, plus a complementary payment. This transaction generated Goddwill of ThCh$ 25,900,509 as of December 31, 2008 (see note 8 b).
ICSA is the owner of the beer brands Palermo, Imperial y Bieckert, with a market share of approximately 5.8% of the argentine beer market, and of a brewing plant located in Luján (Buenos Aires province). The plant has a nominal production capacity of 2.7 million hectoliters per year.
On August 25th, 2008 the Board Meetings of ICSA and of CICSA approved the "Preliminary Merger Commitment between CICSA e ICSA", by which CICSA was going to absorb ICSA, and the latter would become dissolved. Such transaction was registered with inception as of August 2008.
As of December 31st, 2008 the Shareholders Meetings of both Companies remain pending to deal with the merger as well as with the final merge agreement which will be implemented in accordance with the legal terms and regulations in place in the Republic of Argentina. As a consequence of this operation, ICSA was absorbed and consolidates its operations with CICSA since August 2008.
On December 18th, 2007, the company agreed to capitalize as an irrevocable capital contribution US$9,950,245 of debt that CICSA maintained with CCU Argentina S.A.
On December 28th, 2007, it was approved to capitalize the remaining amount of the irrevocable capital contribution for US$15,544,481, through the issuing of 80,380,770 common, nominative not endorsable shares.
(6) Millahue S.A. (previously Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A.)
On December 29th, 2008 the Shareholders Meeting agreed to distribute an eventual dividend with charge to the accumulated profits. The eventual dividend is N° 25 and represents a total of ThCh$ 10,000,000 corresponding to $390.625 per share. It will be available for the shareholders from January 6th, 2009 on.
On December 9th, 2008 the Board agreed to pay an interim dividend of ThCh$ 1,311,686, N° 24, corresponding to $51.23773438 per share. It will be available for the shareholders from January 6th, 2009 on.
On May 30th, 2008 the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting agreed to change the name into Millahue S.A.
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On April 16th, 2008 the General Shareholders Meeting approved the distribution, with charge to 2007 profits, of the final dividend N° 23 for a total of ThCh$ 1,143,387 (historic), corresponding to $44.68114074 per share.
As of December 31st, 2008 its equity value method value includes an unrealized net loss of ThCh$76,295 (ThCh$85,014 in 2007), arising from the participation change in Fábrica de Envases Plásticos S.A., done on September 1st, 1997, in which Millahue S.A. decreased its participation and Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A.’s increased.
On February 28th, 2006, CCU S.A. and Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada sold four and one share of Pisconor S.A., respectively, to Millahue S.A.. Through this, Millahue S.A. obtained a shareholding of 5% in Pisconor S.A. The consolidated ownership of the entity did not change.
(7) Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada
On December 3rd, 2008 the Board approved an accumulated profit distribution of ThCh$45,397,178 and a current year’s profit distribution of ThCh$20,238,000, respectively. CCU S.A. and Millahue S.A. received the distributed profits according to their respective rights percentages, that is, CCU S.A. received 95% and Millahue S.A. received 5%.
In the same oportunity the Board agreed to increase the capital from ThCh$15,001,103 to ThCh$21,161,477 by capitalizing the revalorization reserves as of December 31st, 2007, and to decrease the paid capital in ThCh$20,000,000, for a final capital of ThCh$1,161,477.
On March 15th, 2006, Pisconor S.A. (subsidiary of CCU) changed its structure from a private society to a limited liability company. Subsequent to this change in structure, on March 24th, 2006, Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada and Pisconor S.A. were merged at book values. Pisconor S.A. remained as the legal and taxable entity, and changed its name to Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada.
(8) Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. (previously Inversiones Ecusa S.A.)
In an Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting dated December 23rd, 2008, it was agreed to distribute a dividend with charge to prior year profits, N° 5, for a total of ThCh$489,900 corresponding to $ 0.030025 per share. It was also agreed to decrease the capital of ThCh$133,284,087 divided into 16,316,269,241 nominative shares without par value, of a same series, in ThCh$ 100,000,000, to a capital of ThCh$33,284,087 divided in the same amount of shares of identical characteristics, being the latter the subscribed and paid capital of the Company.
In the Board session dated December 2nd, 2008, it was agreed to distribute as interim dividend N° 4 the total amount of ThCh$10,620,000, corresponding to $0.650884 per share.
The General Ordinary Shareholders Meeting hold on April 16th, 2008 approved the distribution of the final dividend N° 3 for a total of ThCh$ 24,115,052 (historic), corresponding to $ 1.477976 per share.
The General Ordinary Shareholders Meeting hold on April 17th, 2007, it was agreed to distribute the final dividend N° 2 for a total of ThCh$ 5,985,623 (historic), corresponding to $ 0.366850 per share.
On February 28th, 2006, the shareholders agreed to restructure Inversiones Ecusa S.A., creating Invex CCU S.A.
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As part of this change, Inversiones Ecusa S.A. decreased its capital from ThCh$ 3,345,666 (historical) to ThCh$ 1,039,685 (historical) divided into 117,500,000 shares. Inversiones Ecusa S.A. also ceded to Invex CCU S.A. its investment and rights in Southern Breweries Establishment and CCU Cayman Limited.
On April 24th, 2006, Inversiones Ecusa S.A. changed its name to Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A
During 2006, the entity entered into several capital transactions resulting in Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. having a total capital contribution of ThCh$121,755,646 (historical). These transactions among entities under common control did not have a significant effect at a consolidated level.
(9) Inversiones Invex CCU Limitada ( previously Invex CCU S.A.)
On April 1st, 2008, the Second Extraordinary General Shareholders Meeting approved to increase the capital of Invex CCU S.A. in ThCh$30,639,700, with the issuance of 70,401,790 cash shares without par value. The shareholders CCU S.A. and CCU Inversiones S.A. renounce their preferential rights, being CCU Investments Limited the one which subscribes and pays the total increase.
On May 30th, 2008, the Third Extraordinary General Shareholders Meeting approved to increase the capital in ThCh$52,683,800, by issuing 120,299,994 cash shares without par value, thus increasing the capital to a total of ThCh$143,048,140 divided into 326,196,713 cash shares without par value. The shareholders CCU S.A. and CCU Inversiones S.A. renounce their preferential rights, being CCU Investments Limited the one which subscribes and pays the total increase with a contribution in domain of 264,188,240 shares of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A., equivalent to US$109,835,718, of its property.
On June 10th, 2008, the Fourth Extraordinary General Shareholders Meeting approved to increase the capital in ThCh$2,224,330, by issuing 5,560,825 cash shares without par value, thus increasing the capital to a total of ThCh$145,272,470 divided into 331,757,538 cash shares without par value. The shareholder CCU Inversiones S.A. renounces its preferential rights, being CCU S.A. and CCU Investments Limited the ones that subscribe and pay in cash the total increase.
On September 30th, 2008 Invex CCU S.A. becomes a Limited Responsibility Company, thus changes its name to Inversiones Invex CCU Limitada and modifies the duration and purpose of the Company.
As of December 31st, 2008 the shareholders of Inversiones Invex CCU Limitada are CCU S.A., CCU Inversiones S.A. and CCU Investment Limited having 6.7979%, 35.4138% and 57.788%, respectively.
On December 6th, 2007, the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting approved to capitalize the remaining amount of the social cautions maintained as of December 31st, 2006, through the issuing of 6,329 free of payment shares, distributed among the shareholders proportionally to its owned shares, also it was approved to increase the social capital on $7,451,000,000, through the issuing of 17,988,600 shares of payment without nominal value, which were totally subscribed and paid by CCU. The social capital was composed by $56,122,917,628 divided on 135,494,929 shares with no nominal value.
As of december, 31st, 2007, the shareholders of Invex CCU S.A. were CCU Inversiones S.A. and Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. with 86.71% and 13.29%, respectively.
On February 28th, 2006 this entity was created with a capital of Ch$ 2,305,981,661 (historical) divided into 117,500,000 shares of the same series, with no nominal value.
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(10) CCU Inversiones S.A.
In December 2008, CCU Inversiones S.A. bought 844.478.445 shares of VSP in ThCh$3,150,709. This transaction generated a goodwill of ThCh$1,278,539 as a consequence of the merger of VSP and VT. As of December 31st, 2008 the participation of the Company is of 2.1128% .
On December 31st, 2007 the First Extraordinary General Shareholders Meeting agreed to capitalize reserves and accumulated profits for a total of ThCh$11,936 (historic) by issuing 39,553,467 bonus stock shares .
In the same Shareholders Meeting, it was agreed to increase the capital from ThCh$54,304,918 (historic) divided into 1,700,798,965 nominative shares without par value, of a same series, to the amount of ThCh$61,074,613 (historic), divided into 1,912,821,921 shares, by issuing 212,022,956 cash shares, to be subscribed and fully paid in cash, within 60 days following the date of the Shareholders Meeting.
By the due date the capital increase was not subscribed and paid in full missing 5,234,151 shares to be subscribed and paid. Therefore, the capital was reduced to the amount actually subscribed and paid which is ThCh$60,907,492 (historic).
Thus, the capital of CCU Inversiones S.A. was fixed in ThCh$64,942,563 (historic) divided into 1,907,587,770 nominative shares without par value, of a same series.
On April 28th, 2006 this entity was created with a capital of Ch$ 52,968,761,888 (historical) divided into 1,661,245,498 shares of the same series with no nominal value.
As of December 31st, 2007, the shareholders of CCU Inversiones S.A. were Compañía Cerverías Unidas S.A. with 97.531%, Millahue S.A. (previously Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A.) with 2.411% and other minority shareholders with a total shareholding of 0.058% .
(11) Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A.
On November 15th, 2006, the Company acquired one share of Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., increasing its shareholding from 50.00000% to 50.00073% and modified the shareholders’ agreement. As a result, Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann became a subsidiary of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. and has been consolidated into the Company as from November 2006.
(12) New Ecusa S.A.
On December 14 th, 2006 the entity New Ecusa S.A. was created as a private society with a capital of Ch$15,042,262,000, divided into 15,042,262 shares. Its purpose is to administrate the trade marks previously acquired from Watt’s S.A. Certain of these rights are used by Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., under a royalty contract. As of December 31st, 2008, its shareholders are Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. and CCU Inversiones S.A. with 99.99% and 0.01% ownership, respectively.
(13) Viña Altaïr S.A.(previously Viña Dassault San Pedro S.A.)
During September 2007, Dassault Investment Fund Inc., owner of 50% of Viña Dassault-San Pedro S.A. (“Viña Altaïr”), sold its participation on this company. This was the culmination of a searching process of an alternative that would allow each partner to review its participation on Viña Altaïr.
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Due to the previous process, Viña San Pedro S.A. bought 494,999 shares at US$4,503,649, which allowed it to increase its ownership on this company to 99.9999%, while the subsidiary Viña Santa Helena S.A. acquired one share, obtaining a 0.0001% of this company.
As a consequence of this operation, this company became a subsidiary and consolidates its results with Viña San Pedro S.A. since September 2007.
(14) CCU Investments Limited
On May 30th, 2008 according with the Board session, the Company increased its capital in US$ 109,835,718 by issuing 109,835,718 shares, which were subscribed and paid by CCU Cayman Branch with the contribution of 264,188,240 shares of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A.
On November 17th, 2007, CCU Investments Limited was constituted, been registered as a foreign company on the company register of Cayman Islands. Its equity equivalent to US$1,000, represented by 1,000 shares was subscribed and paid on 990 and 10 shares by CCU-Cayman Branch and CCU Inversiones S.A., respectively.
On November 27th, 2007, CCU Investments Limited increases its capital to US$70,000,000 through the issuing of 70,000,000 shares, which were totally subscribed by Cayman Branch.
As of December 31st, 2008, the shareholders of the Company are Cayman Branch with 99.99% and CCU Inversiones S.A. with 0.01% .
(15) Viña Santa Helena S.A. (“VSH”)
On April 3rd, 2008 CCU Inversiones S.A. bought from Iansagro S.A., 20 VSH shares at a price of ThCh$ 10,483.
As a consequence, as of December 31st, 2008 the shareholders of VSH are Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. and CCU Inversiones S.A. in 99.90% and 0.10%, respectively.
(16) Plasco S.A.
In the session hold on December 28st, 2008, the Board agreed to distribute the eventual dividend N° 17 with charge to previous years profits, for a total of ThCh$55,676, corresponding to Ch $4.21798 per share.
In the session hold on November 21st, 2008, the Board agreed to distribute the interim dividend N° 16, for a total of ThCh$633,000 (historic), corresponding to Ch$ 47.954545 per share.
The General Shareholders Meeting dated April 15th, 2008 agreed to distribute with charge to 2007 profits, the final dividend N° 15, for a total of ThCh$1,230,879 (historic), corresponding to Ch$93.24842 per share.
In the session hold on March 16th, 2007, the Board agreed to propose to the shareholders meeting the distribution of the final dividend N° 14, for Ch$ 72.74164 per share, which entailed the distribution of ThCh$960.190 (historic), representing 70.43% of the fiscal year profit.
(17) Financiera CRECCU S.A.
On October 2nd, 2008 the company was formed with a capital of ThCh$1,000, divided into 1,000 nominative shares without par value of a same a sole series. The capital was subscribed and paid by CCU S.A. and CCU Inversiones S.A. with 900 and 100 shares respectively.
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c) Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosures of contingent liabilities. Management makes its best estimate of the ultimate outcome for these items based on historic trends and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. Changes in estimates are recognized in accordance with the accounting rules for the estimate, which is typically in the period when new information becomes available to management. Areas where the nature of the estimate makes it reasonably possible that actual results could differ from amounts estimated include: the carrying value of property, plant and equipment, the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts, the carrying value of goodwill, investments in unconsolidated affiliates and the determination of the liability for deposits for bottles and containers.
d) Price-level restatements
The financial statements, which are expressed in Chilean pesos, have been restated to reflect the effects of variations in the purchasing power of the local currency during each year. For this purpose and in conformity with current Chilean regulations, non-monetary assets and liabilities and equity accounts have been restated by charges or credits to income. Furthermore, the income and expense accounts have been restated in terms of year-end constant pesos. In accordance with Chilean tax regulations and accounting practices, the restatements were calculated based on the official Consumer Price Index of the National Institute of Statistics, applied one month in arrears, which was 8.9%, 7.4% and 2.1% for the years ended December 31st, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. This index is considered by the business community, the accounting profession and the Chilean government to be the index which most closely complies with the technical requirement to reflect the variation in the general level of prices in the country and, consequently, is widely used for financial reporting purposes in Chile. For comparative purposes, the consolidated financial statements as of December 31st, 2007 and 2006 and the amounts disclosed in the related footnotes have been restated in terms of Chilean pesos of December 31st, 2008 purchasing power. The above-mentioned price-level restatements do not purport to present appraisal or replacement values and are only intended to restate all non-monetary financial statement components in terms of local currency of a single purchasing power and to include in the net result for each year the gain or loss in purchasing power arising from the holding of assets and liabilities exposed to the effects of inflation.
e) Foreign currency
Balances in foreign currency and in indexed units included in the consolidated balance sheets and summarized in Note 21 have been translated into Chilean pesos at the market (“observed”) exchange rates and closing equivalences in effect at each year end as follows:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
U.S. Dollar | 636.45 | 496.89 | 532.39 | |||
Euro | 898.81 | 730.94 | 702.08 | |||
Unidad de fomento (UF) | 21,452.57 | 19,622.66 | 18,336.38 |
f) Time deposits and marketable securities
Time deposits are reported at cost plus accrued interest and price level restatements at each year-end.
Marketable securities include money market funds, overnight and common equity shares which are reported at the lower of their historic cost plus price-level restatements (“restated cost”) or market value. Money market funds are stated at market value based on year-end quoted values.
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g) Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable
The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based on an analysis of the aging of the outstanding balance as well as other relevant information. This allowance is netted against Accounts receivable - trade and other.
h) Inventories
Finished goods are valued at production cost plus price-level restatements, using absorption costs method, which includes direct costs of raw materials, labour and indirect manufacture costs. In process goods, raw materials and supplies are valued at acquisition cost plus price-level restatements. The Company estimates that inventories have an average turnover period of one year or less.
The Company and its subsidiaries establish a provision for obsolete inventories based on technical reports prepared by the units responsible for the control of such inventories.
i) Prepaid expenses
Prepaid expenses are shown at cost plus price-level restatements and include prepayments for advertising, insurance premiums, computer maintenance services and others, and are amortized over the period of the benefit. Long-term portions of prepaid expenses are included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
j) Other current assets
Other current assets primarily includes securities acquired pursuant to resale agreements which are stated at cost plus accrued interest and price-level restatements, short-term deferred income taxes, and bond discounts arising from bonds issued by the Company and other financing and refinancing costs.
k) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost plus price-level restatements. Depreciation for each year has been calculated using the straight-line method, based on the estimated useful lives assigned to the assets. Estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:
Years | |||
Buildings | 25 - 100 | ||
Vineyards | 20 - 30 | ||
Machinery and equipment | 5 - 20 | ||
Bottles and containers | 3 - 10 | ||
Other fixed assets | 10 |
Bottles and containers are reported at cost plus price-level restatements, net of write-offs due to breakage and allowances. Depreciation of glass bottles, pallets, and plastic boxes is calculated under the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives assigned to the respective assets.
Property, plant and equipment include the revaluation increment arising from the technical appraisal carried out during 1979 in conformity with instructions issued by the SVS.
Purchased software is being amortized over a period of four years.
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Repairs and maintenance costs are charged against income while improvements are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Retirements, sales and disposals of assets are recorded by reversing the cost and accumulated depreciation accounts, with any related gain or loss reflected in non-operating income or non-operating expense in the consolidated statements of income.
Fixed assets in leasing
Fixed assets acquired through financial leasing are recorded at the present value of the related contracts. Valuation and depreciation of these assets are performed using the same criteria used for similar fixed assets.
The related liabilities are shown as short and long term liabilities, net of deferred interests.
The facilities of the Company’s corporate building are leased with a purchase option. At the close of these financial statements, the company has not defined yet if it will exercise that option. The facilities are registered as fixed assets under financial leasing according to the applicable rules.
These assets are not legally owned by the Company and, consequently, can not be disposed freely until the corresponding purchase options are executed.
l) Other assets
Other assets include land and buildings held for sale which have been adjusted to their estimated realizable values; trademarks which have been valued at cost plus price-level restatements and are amortized over a period of twenty years; bond discounts arising from bonds issued by the Company and other financing and refinancing cost; taxes related to income in Argentina based on 1% of the value of the Company assets; long term marketing contracts, which are valued at its cost plus price-level restatement, net of received services for this concept; production capacity reserve, valued at investment cost in dollar terms converted at the end of the period exchange rate, and deferred severances that are being amortized over the expected years of future service of the employees.
Other assets also include the following:
Equity investments in unconsolidated affiliates
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are accounted for using the equity method when the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. Under Chilean GAAP, this is generally presumed to occur when the investor owns between 20% and 50% of the outstanding voting shares. Accordingly, the Company’s proportional share in the net income (or loss) of each investee is recognized on an accrual basis, after eliminating any unrealized profits or losses from transactions with the investees in Non-operating income or expense in the consolidated statements of income.
Goodwill and negative goodwill
Under Chilean GAAP, effective January 1st, 2004, Technical Bulletin No. 72 (“TB 72”) requires the determination of goodwill and negative goodwill based on the fair value of the acquired company. Prior to January 1st, 2004, goodwill included the excess of the purchase price of companies acquired over their net book value; negative goodwill was established when the net book value exceeded the purchase price of companies acquired. Goodwill and negative goodwill also arise from the purchase of investments accounted for by the equity method.
Goodwill and negative goodwill are amortized over 20 years considering the expected period of return of the investment. The Company evaluates the recoverability of goodwill on a periodic basis.
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Investments in other companies
Investments in other companies includes investments in quoted common shares with an average trading value below UF 400 (ThCh$ 16,835, ThCh$ 21,500 as of December 31st, 2008 and 2007 respectively) during the last quarter of each year and investments in unlisted shares and partnership interests in other companies where the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee.
Investments in unlisted shares and partnership interests in other companies are reported at each year-end at cost plus price-level restatements and income from these investments is recognized on a cash basis. Where provisions for impairment were considered necessary, such provisions were recorded.
m) Translation of foreign currency financial statements
The investments in the Argentine subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 64 of the Chilean Institute of Accountants. Under this pronouncement, the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, which operate in countries that are exposed to significant risks, restrictions or inflation/currency fluctuations must first be expressed in US dollars and then translated into Chilean pesos at the year-end exchange rate. As a result, no effect is given to price-level restatements based on inflation in those countries, in the case of the Argentine subsidiaries, the US dollar is considered to be the functional currency of these operations. Accordingly, the financial statements of these subsidiaries are prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP, excluding the application of monetary correction, and then expressed in US dollars as follows:
• monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the closing exchange rate for the period;
• all other assets and liabilities and shareholders’ equity are translated at historic rates of exchange;
• income and expense accounts are translated at average rates during the period; and
• the resulting exchange adjustments are included in the results of operations for the period.
The resulting foreign currency amounts are then translated to Chilean pesos at the closing exchange rate at the balance sheet date. The difference between the investments’ equity value arising from the financial statements remeasured as explained above and the net equity value at the beginning of the year restated by Chilean inflation, plus the proportional share of the investments’ income (or loss) for the year, is recorded as a “Cumulative Translation Adjustment” in Shareholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets.
n) Bonds payable
Bonds are recorded at coupon value plus accrued interest. The discount and expenses incurred, in the issuance of the bonds are included in Other current assets and Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the term of the bonds.
o) Severance indemnities
The severance indemnities obligation, payable under any circumstances, has been determined at its current value, according to the accrued cost of the benefit method, considering 6% of annual discount rate over the estimated years of service that the employees will have at the retirement date.
In the case of the costs for severance indemnities that resulted from changes in the collective contractual agreements, which included increasing the agreed benefits, these effects have been recognized as an asset and are being amortized on the basis of the average expected years of future service of the employees in the Company.
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p) Income taxes and deferred income taxes
Effective January 1st, 2000, the effects of deferred income taxes arising from temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for tax and financial statement purposes are recorded in accordance with Technical Bulletins Nos. 60, 68 and 69 of the Chilean Institute of Accountants and Circular No. 1,466 of the SVS. The effects of deferred income taxes at January 1st, 2000 that were not previously recorded, were recognized, in accordance with the transitional period provided by Technical Bulletin N° 60, against a contra asset or liability account (“complementary accounts”) and were recorded to offset the effects of the deferred tax assets and liabilities not recorded prior to January 1st, 2000. Complementary accounts are amortized to income over the estimated average reversal periods corresponding to underlying temporary differences to which the deferred tax asset or liability related. Deferred income taxes at January 1st, 2000 are recognized in income beginning in 2000 as the temporary differences are reversed.
Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance should be sufficient to reduce the deferred income tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
The Argentine subsidiaries, with the exception of Finca La Celia S.A., have not recorded a current tax provision due to the existence of tax loss carryforwards (see Note 13).However, CICSA recorded a minimum imputed income tax which has been included under Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets as a tax recoverable as the taxes paid can be used to offset income taxes in future periods.
q) Employee vacations
Vacations are accrued as a liability when earned by employees and are included in Accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets.
r) Deposits on bottles and containers
Bottles are presented at their cost plus monetary correction, net of allowances for obsolescence.
The liability related to guarantees for circulating bottles is determined based on an estimation of the expected devolutions with respect to the total value of the existing guarantees. This estimation is determined based on an annual physical count of bottles in the hands of the company clients plus an estimate of those in the hands of the final consumers, which is based on technical and historical information.
In the case of the obligations connected with guarantees related to accounts and documents receivable presented as current assets, these are shown as short-term liabilities. The remaining guarantees are presented in the balance sheet as long-term liabilities.
Deposits received on bottles and containers in circulation are classified as long-term liabilities. At December 31st, 2008 and 2007, the amount of these deposits was determined based on the estimated redemption of the bottles and containers by customers and valued using the historic amount of the deposit. These deposits are not subject to price-level restatements.
s) Derivative instruments
The Company enters into hedging contracts including cross-currency interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency forward exchange contracts. The contracts are accounted for in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 57, “Accounting for Derivative Contracts” ("TB 57") of the Chilean Institute of Accountants. Under TB 57 all derivative instruments are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. Derivative instruments are accounted for as follows:
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Hedge of forecasted transactions
The derivative instrument is stated at its fair value on the balance sheet and any change in the fair value is recognized on the balance sheet as an unrealized gain or loss in Accrued expenses and Other liabilities or in Other assets. When the contract is settled, the unrealized gain or loss on the instrument is recognized in earnings in Non-operating income or expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Hedge of firm commitments
The hedged item and derivative instrument are measured at fair value on the balance sheet. With respect to open contracts, if the net effect is a loss, it is expensed immediately. If the net effect is a gain, it is deferred and recognized when the contract is settled. The unrecognized gains associated with the derivative instrument are included in Accrued expenses and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Investment Contracts (non-hedging)
These derivate contracts are shown in the financial statements at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized directly against the results of the year in which such changes occurred.
t) Cash equivalents
For purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents, including time deposits, money market funds and securities purchased pursuant to resale agreements.
Cash flows from operating activities include all those cash flows related to the primary operating activities of the Company and also include interest paid, interest income received and, in general, all those cash flows that are not defined as investing or financing activities. The concept of operating used in this statement is broader than the concept of operating income used in the consolidated statements of income.
The balance of cash and cash equivalents is as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Cash | 17,493,871 | 21,445,353 | ||
Time deposits | 1,449,989 | 27,588,366 | ||
Money market funds | 11,639,941 | 49,606,961 | ||
Securities purchased pursuant to resale agreements | 19,320,000 | 28,461,014 | ||
Total | 49,903,801 | 127,101,694 | ||
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u) Revenue recognition
The Company and subsidiaries recognize revenues upon the physical delivery of the product, at which time title passes to the customer. Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. recognizes revenues relating to export sales of wine when the wine is shipped which, in accordance with established sales terms, is when the title passes to the customer.
v) Advertising and sales promotion costs
Media advertising is expensed as incurred, generally when the ads are aired, printed or presented to the public. At December 31st, 2008 and 2007, ThCh$ 2,393,590 and ThCh$ 7,373,358, respectively, of advertising were reported as assets. Advertising expense amounted to ThCh$ 55,057,779,ThCh$ 47,541,713 and ThCh$ 46,308,779 for the years ended December 31 st, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
w) Compensation’s Plans
The compensation plans implemented through shares’ options subscription are recognized on the financial statements according to the International Financial Reporting Standard Number 2 “Payments based on shares”, registering the effect of the fair value of the options as part of salaries in a linear form as the service perceived by the options beneficiaries is accrued, between the giving date and the established date for the exercise of the options.
NOTE 2 - ACCOUNTING CHANGES
During 2008 and 2007, there were no accounting changes compared to the prior years that could have a significant effect on the interpretation of these financial statements.
NOTE 3 - TIME DEPOSITS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Time deposits and marketable securities are summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Time deposits | 6,900,130 | 27,605,637 | ||
Money market funds | 11,649,156 | 49,608,178 | ||
Common equity shares | 320,355 | 297,528 | ||
Total | 18,869,641 | 77,511,343 | ||
NOTE 4 - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE - TRADE AND OTHER
Accounts receivable are summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Trade accounts receivable | 134,266,860 | 117,891,880 | ||
Other accounts receivable | 17,500,649 | 13,775,068 | ||
Advances to suppliers | 2,976,602 | 2,976,602 | ||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (4,568,305) | (3,898,456) | ||
Total | 150,175,806 | 130,745,094 | ||
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The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the years ended December 31st, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
Year | Balance at beginning of period | Additions charged to cost and expenses | Write-offs of bad debts | Foreign exchange differences | Balance at end of period | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||||
2008 | 3,898,456 | 2,217,192 | (1,708,047) | 160,704 | 4,568,305 | |||||
2007 | 4,526,118 | 1,760,351 | (2,267,692) | (120,321) | 3,898,456 | |||||
2006 | 5,527,093 | 1,176,472 | (2,229,562) | 52,115 | 4,526,118 |
NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES
Inventories are summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Finished goods | 37,538,060 | 21,284,072 | ||
Production in process and semi-manufactured goods | 3,679,709 | 2,217,460 | ||
Raw materials | 81,893,225 | 53,520,809 | ||
Raw materials in transit | 4,339,538 | 3,782,342 | ||
Supplies | 1,407,815 | 2,562,924 | ||
Grape crop development and processing costs | 8,144,039 | 1,999,307 | ||
Obsolescence provisions | (3,092,383) | (1,099,447) | ||
Total | 133,910,003 | 84,267,467 | ||
NOTE 6 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Other current assets are summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Securities purchased pursuant to resale agreements | 19,344,292 | 28,520,570 | ||
Fair value of forward contracts | 5,201,550 | 434,160 | ||
Deferred income taxes (Note 13) | 613,003 | 1,722,864 | ||
Syndicated loan issuance cost | 576,497 | 665,083 | ||
Bond issuance cost | 281,924 | 305,832 | ||
Other | 397,532 | 1,224,722 | ||
Total | 26,414,798 | 32,873,231 | ||
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NOTE 7 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment (net) are summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Machinery and equipment | 400,311,689 | 330,357,704 | ||
Bottles and containers | 171,603,675 | 158,504,584 | ||
Land and buildings | 138,996,084 | 108,580,381 | ||
Promotional assets | 92,739,078 | 90,305,133 | ||
Vineyards | 72,153,256 | 36,548,414 | ||
Construction in progress | 64,708,413 | 81,291,174 | ||
Fixtures and fitting | 56,890,181 | 53,145,311 | ||
Fixed assets in transit | 11,826,944 | 2,027,141 | ||
Increase arising from technical appraisal | 10,965,406 | 10,383,623 | ||
Software (net) | 1,887,111 | 1,237,571 | ||
Other fixed assets | 14,207,163 | 14,824,384 | ||
Accumulated depreciation | (516,769,046) | (458,160,204) | ||
Total property, plant and equipment (net) | 519,519,954 | 429,045,216 | ||
NOTE 8 – OTHER ASSETS
As of December 31st 2008 and 2007, other assets are comprised as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Goodwill, net (b) | 68,584,699 | 32,353,166 | ||
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates (a) | 43,217,313 | 34,331,219 | ||
Trademarks | 36,475,332 | 13,266,909 | ||
Accumulated amortization of trademarks | (4,711,839) | (4,856,215) | ||
Land and buildings held for sale (c) | 15,149,792 | 13,230,997 | ||
Fair value of swap contracts | 9,566,257 | - | ||
Deferred expenses for severance indemnities | 4,942,423 | 5,258,537 | ||
Syndicated loan and bond issuance cost | 3,481,017 | 4,093,435 | ||
Prepaid expenses | 2,683,951 | 3,977,588 | ||
Recoverable taxes (value added tax in Argentina) | 1,228,072 | 445,821 | ||
Recoverable taxes (minimum imputed income tax in Argentina) | 1,155,398 | 783,882 | ||
Bond discount | 832,002 | 884,324 | ||
Accounts receivable from related companies | 295,382 | 309,774 | ||
Accounts receivable-trade and other | 59,398 | 29,443 | ||
Investments in other companies | 16,836 | 21,500 | ||
Advance paymente for production capacity | - | 3,246,679 | ||
Negative goodwill, net (d) | (5,560,030) | (678,971) | ||
Other | 306,461 | 274,757 | ||
Total | 177,722,464 | 106,972,845 | ||
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(a) Investments in unconsolidated affiliates at December 31st, of each year are summarized as follows:
Percentage owned | Investment carrying value | Equity in net earnings (losses) of affiliated companies recognized in income | ||||||||||||
Company | 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
% | % | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||||||
Foods Compañia de Alimentos CCU S.A | 50.00 | 50.00 | 13,493,208 | 8,747,283 | (636,696) | (1,523,413) | (351,091) | |||||||
Viña altaïr S.A. | - | - | - | - | - | (341,745) | - | |||||||
Cervecería Austral S.A. | 50.00 | 50.00 | 2,447,745 | 2,345,474 | 102,270 | 58,957 | 89,470 | |||||||
Viña Valles de Chile S.A | 50.00 | 50.00 | 8,154,410 | 4,131,374 | (220,965) | (657,690) | - | |||||||
Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A. | - | - | - | - | - | - | 337,598 | |||||||
Promarca S.A. | 50.00 | 50.00 | 19,121,950 | 19,107,088 | 890,780 | 900,881 | - | |||||||
Total | 43,217,313 | 34,331,219 | 135,389 | (1,563,010) | 75,977 | |||||||||
Foods Compañia de Alimentos CCU S.A. (previously Calaf S.A.)
On May 9th, 2008 the name of the Company was changed from Calaf S.A. to "Foods Compañía de Alimentos CCU S.A.”
On October 26th, 2007, the Fourth General Shareholders Meeting, agreed to reform the corporate by-laws, and increase the social capital. As a consequence, it was agreed to increase the capital of the Society to ThCh$27,763,946. For these effects, it was proposed to increase the capital with ThCh$13,205,146 through the issuance of 13,205,146 shares, which will have to be completely subscribed and paid in cash, during a year period, since the date of the meeting. As at December 31st, 2007 and January 2008, ThCh$3,277,798 and Thch$9,927,348 have been subscribed and paid-in respectively.
As of December 31st, 2008 the shareholders are CCU Inversiones S.A. and Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A., with a participation of 50% each shareholder.
During the fiscal year 2008, an unrealized net loss of ThCh$338,886 (Income of ThCh$27,515 in 2007) is included on its proportional equity value, generated by sales of Foods products to the subsidiary ECUSA.
Viña Altaïr (previously Viña Dassault San Pedro S.A.)
On January 2007, the social capital increase of Viña Altaïr S.A. approved at the General Shareholders Meeting dated September 26 th, 2007, corresponding to ThCh$5,250,000 (US$10,000,000) dividend into 900,000 payment shares, without nominal value, was subscribed and paid.
The subsidiary Viña San Pedro S.A. subscribed 450,000 shares, which allowed it to maintain its participation on this company..
According to the note 1b) Viña Altaïr S.A. became a subsidiary and it consolidates its financial results with Viña San Pedro S.A. since September 2007.
Viña Valles de Chile S.A.(previously Viña Tabalí S.A.)
During May and June 2008 the capital increase approved in the General Shareholders Meeting of May 12th, 2008 was subscribed and paid. The increase was ThCh$8,000,000 (historic), represented in 200,000 common nominative shares, with no par value The affiliate Viña San Pedro S.A. subscribed 100,000 shares , maintaining it’s participation in this company.
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On March 27th, 2007, the name of Viña Tabalí S.A. was changed to “Viña Valles de Chile S.A.” and, for commercial and marketing effects, the names “Viña Leyda S.A.”, “Viña Tabalí S.A.” and “VTL S.A.” were included.
During February 2007, the social capital increase of Viña Valles de Chile S.A. approved at the General Shareholders Meeting dated January 22nd, 2007, corresponding to ThCh$3,816,260 (historical), through the issuing of 73,390 payment shares without nominal value, was subscribed and paid. The subsidiary Viña San Pedro S.A. subscribed 36,695 shares, which allowed it to maintain its participation in this company .
Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A.
During 2006, CCU.recognized the accrued results obtained by its investment in Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A., which included part of the results obtained in December 2005 which were not recognized that year. The additional accrued results for that month corresponded to a loss of ThCh$ 7,112 (historical).
As described in Note 1b) Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann S.A. became a consolidated subsidiary of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A in November 2006.
Promarca S.A.
On January 30th, 2007, according to the records of the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting, it was agreed to merger by absorption Promarca Watt’s S.A. and Promarca Ecusa S.A., with Promarca Watt’s S.A. remaining as the continuing and successor entity for all the legal and tax effects. As part of the same process, Promarca Watt’s S.A. changed its name to Promarca S.A.
The merger was effective as of January 1st, 2007. As of December 31st, 2008 the shareholders of Promarca S.A are New Ecusa S.A. and Watt’s Dos S.A., with 50% ownership each, respectively.
On December 22nd, 2006, according to the agreement between New Ecusa S.A. and Watt’s S.A., it was established that if the products made under the acquired brands increases percentage wise its revenues for a three-year period, New Ecusa S.A. will have to pay an eventual price for the rights of the acquired brands.
As of December 31st, 2008, according to the revenues obtained from those products and considering a sustained increase of Watt’s products during the last five years, New Ecusa S.A. has considered probable the payment of the eventual price, registering a long term provision for a total of ThCh$1,556,340. (Thch$1,550,283 in 2007)
Considering that the payment of the eventual contingent price corresponds to part of the brands’ value that New Ecusa S.A. acquired, this liability was recognized as an increase on the investment value in related companies.
b) Goodwill (net of accumulated amortization) is summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
Company | 2008 | 2007 | ||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Inversora Cervecera S.A | 25,900,509 | - | ||
Viña Tarapacá S.A.(*) | 12,128,057 | - | ||
Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. | 10,059,286 | 10,681,510 | ||
Compañía Industrial Cervecera S.A. | 7,664,996 | 7,512,994 | ||
Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A | 7,540,859 | 8,236,937 | ||
Viña San Pedro S.A. | 3,369,399 | 3,857,626 | ||
Cervecería Austral S.A. | 1,911,134 | 2,063,404 | ||
Transporte y Logistica Sursol S.A | 9,828 | - | ||
Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A | 631 | 695 | ||
Total | 68,584,699 | 32,353,166 | ||
(*) Corresponds to the 50,00% of the goodwill generated and recorded by VSPT as a result of the merger with VT, net of amortizations as of December 31, 2008.
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(c) Land and buildings held for sale are summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
Location | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||
Osorno | 4,537,487 | 3,513,008 | ||
Argentina | 3,120,770 | 2,607,944 | ||
Quilicura | 2,621,332 | 2,880,719 | ||
Limache | 1,908,125 | 1,908,125 | ||
Santiago | 1,562,823 | 1,488,410 | ||
La Serena | 613,164 | 49,790 | ||
Valparaíso | 432,196 | 431,047 | ||
Temuco | 242,834 | 16,063 | ||
Antofagasta | 85,527 | 83,569 | ||
Lonquén | 25,534 | 25,533 | ||
Concepción | - | 226,789 | ||
Total lands and buildings held for sale | 15,149,792 | 13,230,997 | ||
(d) Negative goodwill (net of accumulated amortization) is summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
Company | 2008 | 2007 | ||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A | 3,882,989 | - | ||
Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A | 1,242,990 | 301,084 | ||
Compañía Industrial Cervecera S.A. | 306,291 | 291,084 | ||
Cervecería Austral S.A. | 94,141 | 86,803 | ||
Bodega Tamari S.A | 33,619 | - | ||
Total | 5,560,030 | 678,971 | ||
In 2008 and 2007, the Company completed impairment tests for its goodwill and determined that it was not impaired.
NOTE 9 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
Short-term borrowings relate to bank loans due within one-year and are mainly denominated in foreign currencies:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
United States dollars | 2,855,983 | 4,452,256 | ||
Unidad de Fomento (UF) | 2,180,072 | 840,330 | ||
Chilean pesos | 10,932,680 | - | ||
Other | 1,354,338 | 820,074 | ||
Total | 17,323,073 | 6,112,660 | ||
The annual average rate of interest in 2008 related to the borrowings was 10.82% (7.77% in 2007).
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NOTE 10 - BANK BORROWINGS
The details of bank and financial Institutions borrowings at December 31st, 2008, are summarized as follows:
Institution | Currency | Current portion | Long-term | Total at December 31, 2008 | Annual interest rate | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | % | |||||||
JPMorgan Chase | US$ | 63,889,569 | - | 63,889,569 | 2.71 | |||||
BBVA S.A. New York Branch | US$ | 128,839 | 44,551,500 | 44,680,339 | 2.81 | |||||
Banco Crédito e Inversiones | UF | 358,453 | 10,060,871 | 10,419,324 | 3.60 | |||||
Banco Santander Chile | $ | - | 30,465,658 | 30,465,658 | 9.48 | |||||
Banco Chile | UF | 261,910 | - | 261,910 | 4.00 | |||||
Banco Chile | $ | 45,661 | 2,700,000 | 2,745,661 | 10.80 | |||||
Banco Estado | UF | - | 1,277,135 | 1,277,135 | 4.36 | |||||
Cía. de Seguros de Vida Consorcio Nacional de Seguros S.A | UF | 54,394 | 14,635,198 | 14,689,592 | 7.07 | |||||
Total | 64,738,826 | 103,690,362 | 168,429,188 | |||||||
The details of bank borrowings at December 31st, 2007, are summarized as follows:
Bank | Currency | Current portion | Long-term | Total at December 31, 2007 | Annual interest rate | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | % | |||||||
JPMorgan Chase | US$ | 408,097 | 54,111,322 | 54,519,419 | 5.22 | |||||
BBVA S.A. New York Branch | US$ | 204,959 | 37,877,924 | 38,082,883 | 5.13 | |||||
Banco Crédito e Inversiones | UF | 140,303 | 10,021,714 | 10,162,017 | 3.60 | |||||
Cía.de Seguros de Vida Consorcio Nacional de Seguros S.A | UF | 50,604 | 14,632,420 | 14,683,024 | 7.07 | |||||
Total | 803,963 | 116,643,380 | 117,447,343 | |||||||
On November 4th, 2004, the Company signed an agreement to obtain a US$ 100,000,000, five year syndicated loan with JPMorgan Security Inc. acting as the lead agent. The interest rate on the loan is Libor plus 0.3% for the first three years and Libor plus 0.325% for the remaining two.
The maturity of this loan is on November 9th, 2009 and for that reason, this obligation is presented in the short term liabilities.
On November 23rd, 2007, the Company through its Agency, CCU Cayman Branch, subscribed a loan for US$70 million, with Banco BBVA New York Branch, at an interest of Libor plus 0.27% . This loan expires on November 23rd, 2012.
As of December 31st, 2008, the Company has leasing obligations in the short and long term at an interest rate of 7.07% per year.
Capital Lease disclosure
The future minimum lease payments required under capital lease together with the present value of such minimum lease payments that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31st, 2008, were as follows:
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Capital Lease disclouse | ||
Payable during the year ending | ||
Capital Leases | ||
December 31, | (ThCh$) | |
2009 | 1,059,683 | |
2010 | 1,059,683 | |
2011 | 1,059,683 | |
2012 | 1,059,683 | |
2013 | 1,059,683 | |
2014 to 2017 | 4,128,065 | |
2018 to 2031 | 27,220,918 | |
Total minimun lease payments | 36,647,398 | |
Less: Amount representing interest | (21,957,806) | |
Present value of minimum lease payments | 14,689,592 | |
Less: Current portion of obligation | (54,394) | |
Long-term portion of leasing obligation | 14,635,198 | |
The loans require the Company and its subsidiaries, Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada and Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., to comply with certain interest, debt and equity covenants, including the following:
i) The maintenance of a consolidated interest coverage ratio of at least 3.0, to be measured quarterly based on a moving average for the past four quarters.
ii) The maintenance of a consolidated debt ratio lower or equal to 3.0.
iii) The maintenance of a minimum consolidated equity of UF 15,000,000 at the end of each quarter. Additionally, the loan requires that the Company comply with certain operating covenants including maintenance of insurance, payment of taxes and limitation on mergers and sales of certain assets.
On August 22nd, 2005, the subsidiary Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A. (CPCh) obtained a syndicated loan amounting to UF 468,982 with BCI, BBVA and Raboinvestment banks. The loan requires CPCh to comply with the following:
a) To maintain a financial expense ratio net of subordinated debt not lower than 3. The covenant is valid until the termination of the contract on June 30th, 2007.
b) To maintain a debt ratio not higher than 1.5, excluding subordinated debt, valid until termination of loan.
c) To maintain equity higher than UF 700,000 on December 31st, 2005, and UF 800,000 from December 31st, 2006 to the termination of the loan.
Additionally, the loan requires the subsidiary to adhere to certain restrictions such as maintaining insurance, limitations on sale of assets and acquisitions, and limitations of up to UF 10,000 on guarantees or mortgages.
At December 31st, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all covenants associated with all obligations.
F - 31
Scheduled maturities of bank, and financial institutions borrowings at December 31st, 2008, are as follows:
Maturing during the years | ThCh$ | |
2009 | 64,738,826 | |
2010 | 33,037,066 | |
2011 | 11,283,753 | |
2012 to 2031 | 59,369,543 | |
Total | 168,429,188 | |
NOTE 11 - BONDS PAYABLE
Bonds payable are summarized as follows:
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Current portion | ||||
Principal | 3,754,199 | 3,739,588 | ||
Accrued interest | 589,999 | 617,263 | ||
Subtotal | 4,344,198 | 4,356,851 | ||
Long-term | ||||
Principal | 57,439,256 | 60,955,291 | ||
Total | 61,783,454 | 65,312,142 | ||
On June 13th, 2005, the subsidiary Viña San Pedro S.A. issued Series A bonds, to the amount of UF 1,500,000. The bonds were placed on July 20th, 2005 at a premium of ThCh$ 227,378 (historical) which is being deferred and amortized over the life of the bonds, 20 years.
The bonds have certain restrictive covenants, including the following:
i) Maintaining of control over subsidiaries, which represent, at least, 30% of issuer’s consolidated EBITDA.
ii) Restrictions from certain related party transactions. iii) Restriction on the sale or transfer of certain essential operating assets.
iv) Maintaining of an indebtedness ratio, measured according to consolidated financial statements, not higher than 1.2 at the end of each quarter.
v) Maintaining of financial expenses coverage, settled at the end of each quarter and on retroactive basis for periods of 12 months, measured according to financial statements or consolidated financial statements, not lower than 3.
vi) Maintaining of a minimum equity of UF 4,000,000 at the end of each quarter.
On October 18th, 2004, the Company issued its series E bonds for a total notional amount of UF 2,000,000. The bonds were placed on December 1st, 2004 at a discount of ThCh$ 897,857 (historical) which is being amortized over the term of the bonds.
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The bonds have the following covenants:
i) The Company is required to maintain a ratio of total liabilities to equity no greater than 1.5 to 1, calculated over its consolidated financial statements, and 1.7 to 1, calculated over its unconsolidated financial statements.
ii) The maintenance of a coverage ratio of at least 3.0, measured quarterly based on a moving average for the past four quarters.
iii) The Company must maintain a ratio of unpledged assets over its unsecured liabilities of at least 1.2, calculated quarterly over its unconsolidated and consolidated financial statements.
iv) The Company must maintain, directly or indirectly, the ownership of at least 50% of the following subsidiaries: Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada, Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. and Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A.
v) The Company must maintain, directly or through a subsidiary, the ownership of the “Cristal” trademark (related to beer).
vi) The Company must maintain a minimum consolidated equity of UF 15,000,000 at the end of each quarter.
vii) The Company must not sell or transfer assets representing more than 25% of its consolidated assets.
At December 31st, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to these bonds.
Scheduled maturities of bonds payable at December 31st, 2008, are as follows:
Maturing during the years | ThCh$ | |
2009 | 4,344,198 | |
2010 | 3,754,199 | |
2011 | 3,754,199 | |
2012 | 3,754,199 | |
2013 | 3,754,199 | |
2014 to 2016 | 11,262,597 | |
2017 to 2025 | 31,159,863 | |
Total | 61,783,454 | |
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NOTE 12 - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES
The detail of accrued expenses is summarized as follows:
Short-term | 2008 | 2007 | ||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Advertising expenses on invoices not received | 15,127,694 | 13.259.159 | ||
Accrued expenses on invoices not received | 5,168,295 | 6,120,140 | ||
Provision for vacation expenses | 5,271,466 | 4,460,042 | ||
Directors dividend sharing | 1,301,311 | 2,331,656 | ||
Bonus for employee achievements | 1,783,875 | 1,568,634 | ||
Provision for severance indemnities | 1,789,485 | 1,547,390 | ||
Accrued legal employee benefits | 1,499,504 | 1,097,514 | ||
Sales commissions | 1,402,304 | 531,228 | ||
Provision for restructuring expenses | - | 250,470 | ||
Other benefits for employees | 1,148,471 | 194,896 | ||
Salaries payable | - | 183,868 | ||
Fair value of forward exchange contracts | 2,961,298 | - | ||
Other accrued expenses | 5,670,291 | 2,961,639 | ||
Total | 43,123,994 | 34,506,636 | ||
Long-term | 2008 | 2007 | ||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Fair value of cross - currency swap | - | 20,162,702 | ||
Provision for severance indemnities | 8,500,577 | 7,129,110 | ||
Allowance for unrealized profit on hedge operation | 4,705,766 | 2,734,418 | ||
Provision for lawsuits | 1,026,870 | 1,596,856 | ||
Additional payment for brand rights (note 8a) | 1,556,340 | 1,550,283 | ||
Notes payable | - | 1,517,205 | ||
Other | 261,558 | 1,522,509 | ||
Total | 16,051,111 | 36,213,083 | ||
At December 31st, 2008, the Company has two outstanding cross-currency swap derivative contracts intended to protect the Company against foreign currency and interest rate risk. The derivative contracts are a hedge against future interest and capital payments amounting to US$ 170,000,000 related to the loans obtained on foreign currency at variable rate.
NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES
The Company’s current tax provision for the year ended December 31st, 2008 amounts to ThCh$ 14,056,565 (ThCh$ 17,535,462 in 2007). Although taxable results can not be consolidated under Chilean legislation, a portion of the income tax that would have been payable on 2008, 2007 and 2006 results has been reduced by the application of tax loss carryforwards available in subsidiaries. At December 31st, 2008, the Company’s Chilean subsidiaries had tax loss carryforwards amounting to ThCh$ 56,398,053 (ThCh$ 20,241,280 in 2007) which are available to apply against their own tax liabilities in future years. No expiration date is prescribed by Chilean law for tax loss carryforwards.
Additionally, CCU Argentina S.A. and its subsidiaries have tax loss carryforwards aggregating to ThCh$ 3,919,060 at December 31st, 2008 (ThCh$ 2,535,791 in 2007) which may be applied to reduce taxable income in Argentina during a five-year carryforward period.
F - 34
The balance for corporate income tax at December 31st, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Income tax current provisions | 13,748,705 | 17,484,756 | ||
Other taxes | 101,255 | 50,706 | ||
Total current tax provision | 13,849,960 | 17,535,462 | ||
Monthly provisional payments | (11,504,104) | (10,825,782) | ||
Tax payment due to merger | - | (794,667) | ||
Other credits | (246,192) | (377,321) | ||
Total taxes payable | 2,099,664 | 5,537,692 | ||
Taxes payable are presented as a current liability as "Income taxes payable". Recoverable taxes are included under prepaid taxes, together with VAT and other current tax credits.
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Income taxes recoverable | 1,458,070 | 1,328,940 | ||
Tax credit in Argentina | 2,944,818 | 1,057,696 | ||
Exporters VAT credit | 1,147,768 | 761,048 | ||
Income tax to be recovered | 11,317,840 | 48,937 | ||
Total prepaid taxes | 16,868,496 | 3,196,621 | ||
F - 35
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the accumulated balances from deferred taxes originating from temporary differences were as follows:
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Deferred assets | Deferred liabilities | Deferred assets | Deferred liabilities | |||||||||||||
Short-term | Long-term | Short-term | Long-term | Short-term | Long-term | Short-term | Long-term | |||||||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | 560,232 | 6,596 | - | - | 617,921 | 1,108 | - | 1,175 | ||||||||
Provision for staff vacation | 653,847 | - | - | - | 591,844 | - | - | 3,537 | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 2,464 | 718,204 | - | - | 9,262 | 539,052 | - | - | ||||||||
Depreciation of fixed assets | - | - | - | 25,560,297 | - | - | - | 21,497,713 | ||||||||
Severance indemnities | 250,017 | 271,153 | 7,060 | 2,881 | 242,183 | 151,306 | - | 58,743 | ||||||||
Adjustment on bottle and container deposits | - | - | - | 3,199,990 | - | - | - | 3,451,687 | ||||||||
Software expenses capitalized | - | - | - | 637,222 | - | - | - | 545,090 | ||||||||
Operating expenses – crop farm | - | - | 1,596,484 | - | - | - | 1,850,032 | - | ||||||||
Tax loss carryforwards | 703,133 | 4,241,233 | - | - | 937,986 | 3,435,444 | - | - | ||||||||
Difference in inventory valuation | 430,911 | - | - | - | 176,798 | - | - | - | ||||||||
Unrealized profit on hedge operation | - | 752,038 | 700,670 | - | 180,494 | 3,892,511 | 73,807 | - | ||||||||
Allowance for land and buildings held for sale | 47,869 | 671,633 | - | - | 9,812 | 822,983 | - | - | ||||||||
Unrealized gain | - | 367,164 | - | - | - | 278,906 | - | - | ||||||||
Changes in allowances | 640,387 | 1,384,501 | - | - | 550,340 | 1,681,510 | - | 4,612 | ||||||||
Deferred debt issuance cost | - | 1,852 | 98,744 | 315,517 | - | - | 93,783 | 386,720 | ||||||||
Differed income from sale of fixed assets | - | - | - | 259,310 | - | - | - | 302,110 | ||||||||
Other | 1,570,831 | 76,892 | 1,843,730 | 512,498 | 1,292,914 | 77,579 | 869,068 | 595,795 | ||||||||
Complementary accounts (net of amortization) | - | - | - | (37,582) | - | - | - | (3,035) | ||||||||
Subtotal | 4,859,691 | 8,491,266 | 4,246,688 | 30,450,133 | 4,609,554 | 10,880,399 | 2,886,690 | 26,844,147 | ||||||||
Valuation allowance | - | (1,221,547) | - | - | - | (507,168) | - | - | ||||||||
Total | 4,859,691 | 7,269,719 | 4,246,688 | 30,450,133 | 4,609,554 | 10,373,231 | 2,886,690 | 26,844,147 | ||||||||
The complementary accounts correspond to the accumulated effect of deferred income taxes which were not recorded until January 1, 2000 when Technical Bulletin N° 60 was adopted. The complementary accounts are amortized over the weighted -average terms of reversal of the corresponding temporary differences.
F - 36
Effect on income:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Current tax provision | (13,849,960) | (17,535,462) | (13,441,014) | |||
Amortization of complementary accounts | - | (433,243) | (430,853) | |||
Deferred income tax effects | 577,383 | (424,254) | (2,953,029) | |||
Other | (812,808) | 241,057 | 176,185 | |||
Total | (14,085,385) | (18,151,902) | (16,648,711) | |||
F - 37
NOTE 14 - SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The changes in the Shareholders’ equity accounts during 2006, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:
Other reserves | ||||||||||||||||||
Number of shares | Common stock | Share premium | Surplus on technical appraisal of fixed assets and other | Pre-operating stage deficit | Cumulative translation adjustment | Retained earnings | Retained earnings Net income for the year | Total | ||||||||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2005 (historical) | 318,502,872 | 180,497,346 | 14,116,197 | 5,626,828 | (463,614) | (16,650,794) | 97,282,478 | 38,622,041 | 319,030,482 | |||||||||
Allocation of 2005 net income | - | - | - | - | 463,614 | 38,158,427 | (38,622,041) | - | ||||||||||
Final dividend of Ch$ 67.37364 per share | - | - | - | - | - | (21,458,698) | - | (21,458,698) | ||||||||||
Price level restatement | - | 3,790,444 | 296,440 | 113,910 | - | (349,665) | 2,436,545 | - | 6,287,674 | |||||||||
Proportional share of loss of subsidiary in development period | - | - | - | - | - | - | (647,730) | - | (647,730) | |||||||||
Interim dividend of Ch$ 35.00 per share | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (11,147,601) | (11,147,601) | |||||||||
Translation adjustment for the year | - | - | - | - | - | 1,702,251 | - | - | 1,702,251 | |||||||||
Equity adjustments | - | - | - | (371,570) | - | - | - | - | (371,570) | |||||||||
Net income for the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 55,832,734 | 55,832,734 | |||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2006 | 318,502,872 | 184,287,790 | 14,412,637 | 5,369,168 | - | (15,298,208) | 115,771,022 | 44,685,133 | 349,227,542 | |||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2006 restated to constant December 31, 2008 pesos | - | 215,540,419 | 16,856,819 | 6,279,704 | - | (17,892,570) | 135,404,167 | 52,263,107 | 408,451,646 | |||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2006 (historical) | 318,502,872 | 184,287,790 | 14,412,637 | 5,369,168 | - | (15,298,208) | 115,771,022 | 44,685,133 | 349,227,542 | |||||||||
Allocation of 2006 net income | - | - | - | - | - | - | 44,685,133 | (44,685,133) | - | |||||||||
Final dividend of Ch$ 77.62144 per share | - | - | - | - | - | - | (24,722,652) | - | (24,722,652) | |||||||||
Price-level restatement | - | 13,637,296 | 1,066,536 | 389,689 | - | (1,124,367) | 10,217,338 | - | 24,186,492 | |||||||||
Interim dividend of Ch$ 47.00 per share | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (14,969,635) | (14,969,635) | |||||||||
Translation adjustment for the year | - | - | - | - | - | (10,889,144) | - | - | (10,889,144) | |||||||||
Equity adjustments | - | - | - | (235,959) | - | - | - | - | (235,959) | |||||||||
Net income for the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 79,199,216 | 79,199,216 | |||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2007 | 318,502,872 | 197,925,086 | 15,479,173 | 5,522,898 | - | (27,311,719) | 145,950,841 | 64,229,581 | 401,795,860 | |||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2007 restated to constant December 31, 2008 pesos | - | 215,540,419 | 16,856,819 | 6,014,436 | - | (29,742,462) | 158,940,466 | 69,946,015 | 437,555,693 | |||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2007 (historical) | 318,502,872 | 197,925,086 | 15,479,173 | 5,522,898 | - | (27,311,719) | 145,950,841 | 64,229,581 | 401,795,860 | |||||||||
Allocation of 2007 net income | - | - | - | - | - | - | 64,229,581 | (64,229,581) | - | |||||||||
Final dividend of Ch$ 102.19655 per share | - | - | - | - | - | - | (32,549,895) | - | (32,549,895) | |||||||||
Price-level restatement | - | 17,615,333 | 1,377,646 | 501,667 | - | (2,375,825) | 16,395,016 | - | 33,513,837 | |||||||||
Equity adjustments | - | - | - | 74,620 | - | - | - | - | 74,620 | |||||||||
Interim dividend of Ch$ 47.00 per share | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (14,969,635) | (14,969,635) | |||||||||
Translation adjustment for the year | - | - | - | - | - | 25,750,305 | - | - | 25,750,305 | |||||||||
Net income for the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 82,630,703 | 82,630,703 | |||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2008 | 318,502,872 | 215,540,419 | 16,856,819 | 6,099,185 | - | (3,937,239) | 194,025,543 | 67,661,068 | 496,245,795 | |||||||||
F - 38
a) As required by Chilean Law, capital has been modified to reflect the annual capitalization of its price-level restatement.
b) The Company’s policy is to distribute, at least, 50% of net profits for the year as dividends.
c) According to Circular Letter N° 1819 of the SVS. dated November 14th, 2006, the companies that maintain ownership over companies in on development stage, and must value these investments using the same methodology applicable to the investments on societies fully operatives.
As of December 31st, 2006, the subsidiary Viña San Pedro S.A. had 50% of Viña Altaïr S.A., and 50% of Viña Valles de Chile S.A. entities which were in development stage. As a consequence, CCU registered in its equity an accumulated deficit of development stage for ThCh$392,152 (historical) and ThCh$255,578 (historical), respectively, which are presented under accumulated results, according to Circular N° 1819 of the SVS.
d) The 2004 credit to other reserves of ThCh$2,899,435 (historical), resulted primarily from tax benefits related to the merger between commercial CCU Santiago S.A. and Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. At December 31st,2008, ThCh$138,084 (ThCh$274,706 in 2007) of the above tax benefit was utilized during the year an accordingly recognized in results.
e) On April 17th, 2008, Shareholders approved to distribute, with charge to 2007 results, a dividend amounting to ThCh$ 32,549,895 (historical) corresponding to Ch$ 102.19655 per share. This dividend was paid on April 28th, 2008.
f) On December 5th, 2007, the Board of Directors agreed to distribute an interim dividend of ThCh$14,969,635 (historical) corresponding to Ch$ 47 per share. This dividend was paid on January 11th, 2008.
g) On April 18th, 2007, Shareholders approved a charge to 2007 results for the accumulated deficit of the development stage entities as of December 31st, 2006 for ThCh$647,730.
Additionally, on the same meeting it was agreed to distribute, with charge to 2006 results, a dividend amounting to ThCh$ 24,722,652 (historical) corresponding to Ch$ 77.62144 per share. This dividend was paid on April 27 th, 2007
h) On December 6 th, 2006, the Board of Directors agreed to distribute an interim dividend of ThCh$11,147,601 (historical) corresponding to Ch$ 35 per share. This dividend was paid on January 5 th, 2007.
i) On April 20th, 2006, Shareholders approved a charge to 2006 results for the accumulated deficit of the development stage entities as of December 31st, 2005 for ThCh$ 463,614 (historical).
j) Additionally, on April 20th, 2006, the Shareholders meeting agreed to distribute, with charge to 2005 results, a dividend amounting to ThCh$ 21,458,698 (historical) corresponding to Ch$ 67.37364 per share. This dividend was paid on April 28th, 2006.
F - 39
NOTE 15 - ACCOUNTS AND BALANCES WITH RELATED COMPANIES
The consolidated balance sheets at December 31st, 2008 and 2007 includes the following accounts with related companies
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Entity | Receivable | Payable | Receivable | Payable | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||
Calaf S.A | 2,656,686 | 1,296,457 | 4,127,563 | 336,566 | ||||
Anheuser Busch International Holdings, | 2,486,394 | - | 1,224,008 | - | ||||
Promarca S.A. | 301,861 | 914,371 | 478,284 | 882,127 | ||||
Comercial Patagona Ltda | 163,657 | 37,463 | 68,306 | 18,780 | ||||
Viña Valles de Chile (Ex.Viña Tabalí S.A.) | 89,991 | 35,821 | 82,588 | 751 | ||||
Cervecera Austral S.A | 65,206 | 61,113 | 51,172 | 265,204 | ||||
Compañía Cervecera Kunstmann Limitada | 46,625 | - | 38,610 | 6,691 | ||||
Cooperativa Agrícola Control Pisquero de Elqui Limitada | 39,500 | 348,457 | 43,289 | 9,693 | ||||
Banco Chile | 31,303 | - | 8,435 | 5,637 | ||||
Soc. Agrícola y Ganadera Río Negro Ltda | 10,822 | - | 13,297 | - | ||||
Inversiones y Rentas S.A | 5,287 | 9,231,821 | - | - | ||||
Terciado y Elaboracion de Maderas S.A | 2,859 | - | - | - | ||||
Compañía Agrícola y Forestal el Alamo Ltda | 1,613 | - | - | - | ||||
Quiñenco S.A | 431 | - | - | - | ||||
Madeco S.A | 269 | - | - | - | ||||
Heineken International | - | - | 103,349 | - | ||||
Latincermex | - | - | 812 | - | ||||
Heineken Brouwerijen B.V | - | 1,333,694 | - | 1,397,534 | ||||
Anheuser Busch Latin America Development Corporation | - | 792,847 | - | 527,163 | ||||
Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones S.A | - | - | - | 4,061 | ||||
Entel PCS Telecomunicaciones S.A | - | - | - | 13,982 | ||||
Heineken Supply Chain | - | - | 4,129 | - | ||||
Entel Telefónia Local S.A | - | - | - | 8,385 | ||||
Cia Nacional De Teléfonos del Sur | - | 1,216 | - | 904 | ||||
Cervecería Modelo | - | 144,777 | - | 272,608 | ||||
Telefónica del Sur Serv. Intermedios S.A | - | 401 | - | - | ||||
Total | 5,902,504 | 14,198,438 | 6,243,842 | 3,750,086 | ||||
F - 40
NOTE 16 - SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED COMPANIES
The principal transactions with related companies are summarized below:
Company | Relationship | Transaction | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||||||
Alusa S.A. | Affiliate | Purchase of products | 512,023 | 514,876 | 947,190 | |||||
Anheuser Busch International, Inc | Affiliate | Marketing contribution | 302,112 | 255,523 | - | |||||
Sales of Products | 8,096,750 | 4,560,154 | 310,339 | |||||||
Purchase of products | 695,878 | 784,241 | 588,777 | |||||||
Anheuser Busch Latin America | ||||||||||
Development Corporation | Affiliate | License and Technical Assitance | 2,639,016 | 1,518,308 | 1,327,256 | |||||
Banchile Corredores de Bolsa | Affiliate | Purchase of investments | - | - | 4,561,385 | |||||
Banco Chile | Affiliate | Forwards | 5,659,392 | 17,529,869 | 28,518,678 | |||||
Sale of products | 29,804 | 15,867 | - | |||||||
Bank fees | 18,302 | - | - | |||||||
Collection services | 8,613 | 39,561 | - | |||||||
Valuables transport | 283 | 4,221 | - | |||||||
Purchase of investments | - | - | 58,230,582 | |||||||
Loans obtained | - | - | 3,736,055 | |||||||
Foods Compañia de Alimentos CCU S.A. | Equity investee | Purchase of products | 6,547,667 | 7,043,214 | 10,123,520 | |||||
Marketing contribution | - | - | 853,234 | |||||||
Cervecería Austral S.A. | Equity investee | Purchase of products | 708,466 | 551,728 | 400,776 | |||||
Royalty | 343,657 | 428,617 | - | |||||||
Sales of Products | 241,765 | 13,362 | - | |||||||
Cervecería Modelo | Affiliate | Purchase of products | 2,498,188 | 1,305,377 | - | |||||
Marketing contribution | 446,955 | - | - | |||||||
Comercial Patagona Ltda. | Equity investee | Sale of products | 911,857 | 794,388 | 1,163,142 | |||||
Marketing contribution | 76,760 | 7,990 | - | |||||||
Cooperativa Agrícola Control Pisquero | Affiliate | Purchase of products | 4,586,864 | 4,980,617 | 351,062 | |||||
del Elqui y Limarí Ltda. | Loans | 295,382 | 308,981 | - | ||||||
Heineken Brouwerijen B.V. | Indirect | Royalty | 2,934,002 | 1,922,681 | 1,428,686 | |||||
Sale of products | 2,559,300 | 1,518,353 | 1,438,521 | |||||||
License and Technical Assitance | 1,443,670 | 810,414 | - | |||||||
Paid Support | 50,237 | 49,264 | 702,683 | |||||||
Services received (expense) | 47,072 | 38,569 | - | |||||||
Inversiones y Rentas S.A. | Common controller | Dividends payable | 9,231,821 | 10,043,245 | - | |||||
Promarca S.A. | Equity investee | Royalty | 416,285 | - | - | |||||
Dividends receivable | 300,000 | - | - | |||||||
Serv. de Transportes Integrados Ltda. | Affiliate | Paid Services | 850,122 | 1,409,829 | - | |||||
Viña Altair (Ex. Dassault San Pedro S.A.) | Equity investee | Capital increase | - | - | 483,646 | |||||
Viña Valles de Chile (Ex Viña Tabalí S.A.) | Equity investee | Capital increase | 4,244,005 | 2,175,617 | 1,272,510 | |||||
Remittances paid | 615,573 | 713,212 | - | |||||||
Remittances received | 605,595 | 930,968 | 682,756 |
NOTE 17 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
At December 31st, 2008, the Company was a defendant in a number of commercial and labor lawsuits of the type normally associated with the Company’s business and involving claims for damages for minor amounts. The Company accrued a provision of ThCh$ 1,026,870 at December 2008 for these amounts because management believes that most of the resulting judgments will be favorable and any further losses incurred will not result in any material liability to the Company.
NOTE 18 - REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS
During 2008, the Directors of the Company and its subsidiaries received ThCh$ 537,613 (ThCh$ 497,085 in 2007 and ThCh$ 555,040 in 2006) with respect to fees for attendance at Board meetings, which have been included in the Consolidated Statements of Income under Selling and administrative expenses. In addition, an accrual of ThCh$ 1,199,467 was recorded corresponding to the Directors’ participation in dividend for the year 2008 (ThCh$ 2,253,973 in 2007 and ThCh$ 1,627,306 in 2006) which has also been included in Selling and Administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The participation in earnings is approved each year at the annual shareholders’ meeting.
F - 41
NOTE 19 – NON-OPERATING INCOME
The following items are included in Non-operating income:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Result on sale of shares | - | 16,193,511 | - | |||
Change on valorization of subsidiaries’ inventories.... | - | 565,966 | - | |||
Reversal provision on investment valuation | - | 497,719 | - | |||
Gain on sale of properties held for sale and other assets | 606,532 | 739,118 | 4,031,650 | |||
Interest earned from investments in banks and other financial institutions | 570,662 | 1,287,029 | 3,000,093 | |||
Gain on sales of glass, plastic boxes and by-products | 434,682 | 461,035 | 615,968 | |||
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates | 1,331,936 | 959,838 | 477,101 | |||
Rental income | 156,952 | 123,635 | 134,820 | |||
Amortization of negative goodwill | 90,583 | 54,569 | 57,440 | |||
Adjustment to Provision for properties held for sale and other assets | 332,356 | 371,641 | - | |||
Other | 895,982 | 795,573 | 828,713 | |||
Total | 4,419,685 | 22,049,634 | 9,145,785 | |||
On December 5th, 2007, the Company and its subsidiaries Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., Vending y Servicios Ltda. and Aguas Minerales Cachantun S.A., sold together a total of 2,106,704,471 shares that they had of Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. The price represented a gain of ThCh$14,367,555 (historical).
F - 42
NOTE 20- NON-OPERATING EXPENSES
The following items are included in the Non-operating expenses:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Interest expense | 12,274,343 | 9,507,583 | 8,904,550 | |||
Amortization of goodwill | 3,636,157 | 2,959,678 | 4,186,508 | |||
Severance indemnities | 1,187,347 | 2,960,133 | 1,113,025 | |||
Restructuring cost | - | - | 1,885,374 | |||
Equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates | 859,657 | 2,550,363 | 351,091 | |||
Loss on sale, provision for impairment and write –offs of assets | 400,891 | 1,397,493 | 1,660,717 | |||
Other | 1,774,436 | 1,383,556 | 1,835,813 | |||
Total | 20,132,831 | 20,758,806 | 19,937,078 | |||
F - 43
NOTE 21 - PRICE-LEVEL RESTATEMENT AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE DIFFERENCES
The price-level restatement adjustment and foreign currency exchange gain (loss) is determined as follows:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Restatement of non-monetary accounts | ||||||
based on Consumer Price Index and UF’s: | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment and bottles and containers | 32,616,353 | 24,749,675 | 6,504,490 | |||
Investments in related companies | 14,117,061 | 10,494,871 | 2,773,556 | |||
Investments in other companies and marketable securities | 643,587 | 380,071 | 159,316 | |||
Other assets | 8,853,882 | 6,921,219 | 2,430,857 | |||
Shareholders’ equity | (33,513,838) | (26,339,089) | (7,353,973) | |||
Adjustment of inventories to replacement cost | 3,813,787 | 2,114,170 | 1,215,434 | |||
Increase in liabilities denominated in UF’s due to indexation | (22,725,875) | (18,001,957) | (5,105,536) | |||
Net restatements of income and expense accounts in terms of year-end constant pesos | (6,164,819) | (5,147,471) | (1,107,114) | |||
Total price-level restatement | (2,359,862) | (4,828,511) | (482,970) | |||
Remeasurement and translation of accounts in foreign currencies:
Cash | (226,456) | (1,129,647) | (58,301) | |||
Time deposits and marketable securities | (71,949) | 158,805 | (28,851) | |||
Accounts receivable-trade and other | (881,737) | 300,727 | 598,437 | |||
Accounts receivable from related companies | 759,678 | (184,146) | 65,068 | |||
Inventories | 458,838 | (44,525) | (25,000) | |||
Other current assets | 2,868,595 | (274,977) | 190,143 | |||
Other assets | 464,300 | 9,858 | (2,681) | |||
Short-term borrowings | (554,400) | 41,846 | (8,464) | |||
Other current liabilities | (6,040,222) | 1,343,543 | (539,843) | |||
Income taxes | - | 15,349 | (1,518) | |||
Long-term borrowings and other long-term liabilities | 554,575 | (136,452) | (154,393) | |||
Foreign exchange loss arising from translation of assets and liabilities in Argentina (net) | (420,840) | (196,247) | (292,786) | |||
Total foreign currency exchange (loss) | (3,089,618) | (95,866) | (258,189) | |||
Total price-level restatement and exchange differences | (5,449,480) | (4,924,377) | (741,159) | |||
F - 44
Assets and liabilities denominated in or exposed to the effects of foreign currency are included in the consolidated financial statements and translated into Chilean pesos as described in Note 1 e) and m) as follows
At December 31, | ||||
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Assets | ||||
Current assets | 80,673,486 | 108,521,746 | ||
Property, plant and equipment | 111,552,539 | 70,499,276 | ||
Other assets | 68,640,682 | 16,432,984 | ||
Total | 260,866,707 | 195,454,006 | ||
Liabilities | ||||
Current liabilities | 115,732,939 | 34,418,534 | ||
Long-term liabilities | 46,840,046 | 94,133,299 | ||
Total | 162,572,985 | 128,551,833 | ||
The amounts detailed above include the non-monetary assets and liabilities of investments in foreign subsidiaries and investees (Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A. expressed in US dollars in conformity with the application of Technical Bulletin No. 64 as described in Note 1 m).
F - 45
NOTE 22 - SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company has determined that the information used by its key decision makers for making operating decisions and assessing performance include the following five segments: production and sale of beer in Chile, production and sale of beer in Argentina, soft drinks and mineral water, wine and spirits. All other activities, including corporate activities not allocated to others segments, are presented under the title Other. This includes the production and sale of chocolates and candies, and the sale of plastic cases and containers to unaffiliated companies. Historical information has been restated to reflect the current segments. Total revenue by segment includes sales to unaffiliated customers, as reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
Operating income is total revenues less operating expenses, which include Cost of sales and Selling and administrative expenses. In computing operating income, none of the following items has been added or deducted: net interest expenses, equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates, price-level restatement, other income and expenses, minority interest and income taxes.
Identifiable assets by segment are those that are used in the operations in each segment, as reported to the chief operating decision maker of the Company.
F - 46
Year Ended December 31, 2008 | ||||||||||||||
Statement of income data | ||||||||||||||
Beer Chile | Beer Argentina | Soft Drinks and Mineral waters | Wine | Spirits | Other | Consolidated | ||||||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||||||
Total Revenue | 284,566,838 | 143,436,547 | 199,110,896 | 99,559,729 | 41,887,675 | 13,227,783 | 781,789,468 | |||||||
Operating income (loss) | 73,802,440 | 10,042,319 | 21,893,149 | 6,981,851 | 5,875,970 | 2,469,964 | 121,065,693 | |||||||
Equity in net income of affiliated companies | - | - | - | - | - | - | 472,279 | |||||||
Other income | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2,517,087 | |||||||
Interest expense (net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (11,703,681) | |||||||
Other expenses | - | - | - | - | - | - | (6,998,831) | |||||||
Price-level restatement | - | - | - | - | - | - | (5,449,480) | |||||||
Income before income tax and minority interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | 99,903,067 | |||||||
Balance Sheet Data at December 31,2007: | ||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets | 297,174,295 | 125,645,394 | 138,680,899 | 183,552,604 | 40,212,019 | 27,074,116 | 812,339,327 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | - | - | - | - | - | - | 49,903,801 | |||||||
Investments in affiliated and other companies | - | - | - | - | - | - | 43,234,149 | |||||||
Goodwill | 1,911,134 | 33,565,505 | 7,541,490 | 15,507,284 | 10,059,286 | 0 | 68,584,699 | |||||||
Negative Goodwill | (94,141) | (1,549,281) | 0 | (3,916,608) | 0 | 0 | (5,560,030) | |||||||
Corporate assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 104,451,286 | |||||||
Total consolidated assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,072,953,232 | |||||||
Sales of each segment include: | ||||||||||||||
Beer | 280,403,193 | 139,544,261 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Carbonated drinks | - | - | 129,928,635 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Nectars | - | - | 32,939,417 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Mineral Water | - | - | 35,052,009 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Wine | - | - | - | 98,615,384 | - | - | - | |||||||
Spirits | - | - | - | - | 41,452,138 | - | - | |||||||
By-products | 1,128,900 | 408,218 | 3,209 | 193,082 | 20,758 | - | - | |||||||
Other products | 3,034,745 | 3,484,068 | 1,187,626 | 751,263 | 414,779 | - | - | |||||||
Total | 284,566,838 | 143,436,547 | 199,110,896 | 99,559,729 | 41,887,675 | - | - | |||||||
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Year Ended December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||||
Statement of income data | ||||||||||||||
Beer Chile | Beer Argentina | Soft Drinks and Mineral waters | Wine | Spirits | Other | Consolidated | ||||||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||||||
Total Revenue | 270,506,651 | 75,434,312 | 188,336,991 | 94,745,799 | 43,376,675 | 11,800,981 | 684,201,409 | |||||||
Operating income (loss) | 75,642,868 | 4,392,825 | 18,410,644 | 6,196,682 | 3,385,145 | 2,379,065 | 110,407,229 | |||||||
Equity in net income of affiliated companies | - | - | - | - | - | - | (1,590,525) | |||||||
Other income | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19,802,767 | |||||||
Interest expense (net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (8,220,554) | |||||||
Other expenses | - | - | - | - | - | - | (8,700,860) | |||||||
Price-level restatement | - | - | - | - | - | - | (4,924,377) | |||||||
Income before income tax and minority interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | 106,773,680 | |||||||
Balance Sheet Data at December 31,2007: | ||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets | 262,360,992 | 82,554,782 | 128,561,836 | 119,913,635 | 39,646,027 | 22,882,435 | 655,919,707 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | - | - | - | - | - | - | 127,101,694 | |||||||
Investments in affiliated and other companies | - | - | - | - | - | - | 34,352,719 | |||||||
Goodw ill | 2,063,404 | 7,512,994 | 8,237,632 | 3,857,626 | 10,681,510 | - | 32,353,166 | |||||||
Negative Goodw ill | (86,803) | (592,168) | - | - | - | - | (678,971) | |||||||
Corporate assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 51,137,039 | |||||||
Total consolidated assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 900,185,354 | |||||||
Sales of each segment include: | ||||||||||||||
Beer | 266,821,373 | 74,260,052 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Carbonated drinks | - | - | 121,733,779 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Nectars | - | - | 31,755,822 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Mineral Water | - | - | 33,863,699 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Wine | - | - | - | 93,164,584 | - | - | - | |||||||
Spirits | - | - | - | - | 42,598,927 | - | - | |||||||
By-products | 955,635 | 232,818 | - | 14,470 | - | - | - | |||||||
Other products | 2,729,643 | 941,442 | 983,691 | 1,566,745 | 777,748 | - | - | |||||||
Total | 270,506,651 | 75,434,312 | 188,336,991 | 94,745,799 | 43,376,675 | - | - | |||||||
F - 48
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | ||||||||||||||
Statement of income data | ||||||||||||||
Beer Chile | Beer Argentina | Soft Drinks and Mineral waters | Wine | Spirits | Other | Consolidated | ||||||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||||||
Total Revenue | 254,571,938 | 67,609,746 | 175,984,639 | 89,176,102 | 39,247,257 | 11,767,003 | 638,356,685 | |||||||
Operating income (loss) | 70,202,867 | 4,460,999 | 14,181,300 | 1,390,804 | 833,906 | 2,136,979 | 93,206,855 | |||||||
Equity in net income of affiliated companies | - | - | - | - | - | - | 126,010 | |||||||
Other income | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5,668,591 | |||||||
Interest expense (net) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (5,904,457) | |||||||
Other expenses | - | - | - | - | - | - | (10,681,437) | |||||||
Price-level restatement | - | - | - | - | - | - | (741,159) | |||||||
Income before income tax and minority interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | 81,674,403 | |||||||
Balance Sheet Data at December 31,2006: | ||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets | 233,855,781 | 84,007,954 | 120,716,871 | 116,225,687 | 38,309,990 | 23,210,485 | 616,326,768 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75,052,426 | |||||||
Investments in affiliated and other companies | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14,796,888 | |||||||
Goodwill | 2,241,060 | 9,791,764 | 8,933,774 | 4,345,851 | 11,300,552 | - | 36,613,001 | |||||||
Negative Goodwill | (107,671) | (688,546) | - | - | - | - | (796,217) | |||||||
Corporate assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 74,185,123 | |||||||
Total consolidated assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 816,177,989 | |||||||
Sales of each segment include: | ||||||||||||||
Beer | 250,978,204 | 66,990,743 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Carbonated drinks | - | - | 113,925,608 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Nectars | - | - | 26,605,181 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Mineral Water | - | - | 34,614,524 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
Wine | - | - | - | 87,806,467 | - | - | - | |||||||
Spirits | - | - | - | - | 38,849,519 | - | - | |||||||
By-products | 974,592 | 167,447 | - | 9,514 | - | - | - | |||||||
Other products | 2,619,142 | 451,556 | 839,326 | 1,360,121 | 397,738 | - | - | |||||||
Total | 254,571,938 | 67,609,746 | 175,984,639 | 89,176,102 | 39,247,257 | - | - | |||||||
F - 49
Depreciation was allocated to each of the segments as follows:
Segment | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Beer Chile | 23,560,486 | 21,797,456 | 21,602,974 | |||
Beer Argentina | 8,571,623 | 6,094,531 | 6,646,127 | |||
Soft Drinks & Mineral Water | 11,649,220 | 11,081,849 | 11,618,208 | |||
Wine | 6,460,676 | 6,071,216 | 5,940,315 | |||
Spirits | 2,269,136 | 1,798,383 | 1,255,720 | |||
Other | 2,112,309 | 1,964,267 | 1,465,219 | |||
Total | 54,623,450 | 48,807,702 | 48,528,563 | |||
Capital expenditures for each of the segments were as follows:
Segment | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Beer Chile | 21,571,949 | 30,373,566 | 21,428,650 | |||
Beer Argentina | 8,174,802 | 4,892,249 | 5,532,945 | |||
Soft Drinks & Mineral Water | 21,049,648 | 10,999,540 | 15,923,193 | |||
Wine | 3,887,182 | 3,267,704 | 2,558,207 | |||
Spirits | 1,277,752 | 6,486,051 | 4,580,145 | |||
Other | 7,354,485 | 14,177,908 | 8,663,131 | |||
Total | 63,315,818 | 70,197,018 | 58,686,271 | |||
Information about the Company’s operations in different geographic areas is as follows:
2008 | ||||||||
Chile | Argentina | Elimination | Consolidated | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||
Sales to third parties | 627,927,274 | 153,939,591 | (77,397) | 781,789,468 | ||||
Operating income (loss) | 111,622,311 | 9,443,382 | - | 121,065,693 | ||||
Total assets at December 31,2008 | 864,582,683 | 212,278,370 | (3,907,821) | 1,072,953,232 | ||||
F - 50
2007 | ||||||||
Chile | Argentina | Elimination | Consolidated | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||
Sales to third parties | 600,935,782 | 83,359,747 | (94,120) | 684,201,409 | ||||
Operating income (loss) | 105,546,810 | 4,860,419 | - | 110,407,229 | ||||
Total assets at December 31,2007 | 787,434,766 | 128,202,832 | (15,452,244) | 900,185,354 | ||||
2006 | ||||||||
Chile | Argentina | Elimination | Consolidated | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||
Sales to third parties | 564,970,695 | 73,662,736 | (276,746) | 638,356,685 | ||||
Operating income (loss) | 89,034,952 | 4,171,903 | - | 93,206,855 | ||||
Total assets at December 31,2006 | 707,742,230 | 125,740,437 | (17,304,678) | 816,177,989 | ||||
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NOTE 23 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
1) Between January 13th and 20th, 2009 and in the course of the companies reorganization process, CCU S.A. and Cervecera CCU Chile Limitada sold Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. (VSPT) shares to the affiliate CCU Inversiones S.A.
With this transaction a total of 19,140,350,123 VSPT shares were transferred and CCU Inversiones S.A. got 50.01% participation.
2) As of January 27th, 2009 the Company requested registration at the Chilean Superintendence of Securities and Insurance of two Bonds lines for a total nominal amount of up to UF 5 million altogether, against which two serials of notes were placed on April 2nd, 2009.
The H series placed was for UF 2 million at a 21 years term, with bi-annual interest payment periods and with a face value interest rate of UF+4.25% . The I series was for UF 3 million at a 5 year term, bullet repayment and biannual interest payment, with a face value interest rate of UF+3.0% . The placing interest rates were UF+4.3 and UF+3.18 respectively.
The funds will be used in refinancing financial liabilities and other Companies investment projects.
3) On April 20th, 2009 the General Shareholders Meeting agreed to pay the Final Dividend N° 237 amounting ChTh$34,608,787 corresponding to 41.88% of the fiscal year 2008 liquid payable profit. It is available for the shareholders since April 28th, 2009.
The referred dividend is composed by a minimum mandatory portion (ChTh$9,819,576) and an additional portion (ChTh$24,789,211). These amounts plus the provisional dividend N°236, paid in January 2009-for ChTh$14,969,635-correspond to 60% of the liquid fiscal year 2008 profit.
In December 2007, CCU entered into an agreement with Nestlé Chile S.A. and Nestlé Waters Chile S.A., the latter of which acquired a 20% interest in our subsidiary Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A., the company through which we develop our bottled water business in Chile. Nestlé has a call option to increase its ownership in Aguas CCU-Nestlé Chile S.A. by an additional 29.9% . This option was exercised on June 4th, 2009. The shares subscription contract and the payment of their corresponding price will take place on July 10, 2009.
Due to the sale of the shares, during 2009 CCU will have a book net profit after taxes of approximately MM$ 22,000.
There are no other events occurred between December 31st, 2008 and the date of these consolidated financial statements (June 19, 2009) that may significantly affect them.
F - 52
NOTE 24 - DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHILEAN AND UNITED STATES GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
Accounting principles generally accepted in Chile vary in certain important respects from the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Such differences involve certain methods for measuring the amounts shown in the financial statements, as well as additional disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”).
1. Differences in measurement methods
The principal methods applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements which have resulted in amounts which differ from those that would have otherwise been determined under US GAAP are as follows:
a) Inflation accounting
The cumulative inflation rate in Chile as measured by the Consumer Price Index for the three-year period ended December 31, 2008 was approximately 18.4%
Chilean accounting principles require that financial statements be restated to reflect the full effects of loss in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso on the financial position and results of operations of reporting entities. The method, described in Note 1, is based on a model which enables calculation of net inflation gains or losses caused by monetary assets and liabilities exposed to changes in the purchasing power of the local currency, by restating all non-monetary accounts in the financial statements. The model prescribes that the historic cost of such accounts be restated for general price-level changes between the date of origin of each item and the year-end, but allows direct utilization of replacement values for the restatement of inventories as an alternative to the price-level restatement of those assets, but only if the resulting variation is not material.
The inclusion of price-level adjustments in the accompanying financial statements is considered appropriate under the prolonged inflationary conditions which have affected the Chilean economy in the past. Accordingly, and as allowed by Item 18 to Form 20-F, the effect of price-level changes is not eliminated in the reconciliation to US GAAP.
b) Revaluations of property, plant and equipment and fixed assets held for sale
As mentioned in Note 1 k), certain property, plant and equipment and some fixed assets held for sale are reported in the financial statements at amounts determined in accordance with a technical appraisal carried out in 1979. The revaluation of property, plant and equipment is an accounting principle that is not generally accepted in the United States. As of December 31, 2005 these assets were fully depreciated. The effects of the reversal of this revaluation, as well as of the related accumulated depreciation and prior years depreciation charges, are shown in paragraph 1 t) below.
c) Fixed assets held for sale
i. Reversal of impairment
Net income reported in the Chilean GAAP financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 included the effects of the reversal of a valuation allowance recorded in previous years to write-down the carrying value of property, plant and equipment held for sale to estimated market value (Note 19). This reversal of a provision, which established a new cost basis for Chilean GAAP purposes, was not in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In accordance with FASB 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, restoration of a previously recognized impairment loss is prohibited under US GAAP. The Chilean GAAP other income recognized in 2008 and 2007 has been reversed and is reflected in the reconciliation of net income to US GAAP for the year in paragraph 1 t) below. The US GAAP adjustment will be reversed when these assets are sold.
F - 53
ii. Accounting for assets held for sale
The Company has classified certain fixed assets as “Land and building held for sale”. Under Chilean GAAP, long-lived assets are classified as held for sale when a Company has the intent to dispose of the asset. Intent is defined as management having a plan and commitment to dispose of an asset. The assets are written down to fair value when indicators of impairment are present and losses are recognized as other non-operating expenses. No depreciation is recorded for assets classified as held for sale.
Under US GAAP, long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale are accounted for under SFAS 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. SFAS 144 requires long-lived assets to be classified as held for sale only when certain criteria are met. These criteria include: management has the authority to approve action; the asset is available for immediate sale; an active program to locate a buyer has been initiated; the sale of the asset is probable; the asset is being actively marketed and; it is unlikely that a significant change to the disposal plan will be made. If at any time the criteria in this paragraph are no longer met, a long-lived asset classified as held for sale shall be reclassified as held and used. Long-lived assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of its carrying value amount or fair value less cost to sell and the asset is not depreciated. Losses are recognized for any subsequent impairment write-down to fair value.
These assets recorded as held for sale under Chilean GAAP do not meet the requirements to be classified as held for sale under US GAAP. For Chilean GAAP purposes, these assets were tested for impairment and written down to fair value when they were deemed to be impaired. This treatment is similar to the treatment under US GAAP for impaired assets. However, under US GAAP, these assets would have been continued to be depreciated. The effects of depreciating these assets were considered to be immaterial until December 31, 2008 and 2006 as such no adjustments were recorded.
During 2007, certain assets recorded as held for sale were reinstated to operational activity, with no depreciation recorded for local effects. The impact of depreciating these assets in 2007 under US GAAP are reflected in paragraph 1 t) below.
d) Reversal of gain on sale of land
In December 2004, the Company sold land previously classified as land-held-for-sale and included in other assets. As part of the transaction, it was contemplated that the Company will lease eleven floors in an office building being constructed by a third party on the land. During 2007, the building was constructed and the Company signed, in May 2007, a lease agreement with the third party. In 2004 for Chilean GAAP purposes, the Company recognized a gain of ThCh$ 3,108,950 (historical) for the portion of the building that the Company will not lease, and a liability, "Deferral of gain on sale of land" of ThCh$ 2,260,851 (historical) included in other long-term liabilities. In 2007, the Company accounted for the lease agreement as a capital lease due to certain purchase options. For US GAAP purposes, the transaction was considered a direct financing lease and accordingly the sale and related gain were reversed and the land remained with the Company. Upon completion of construction and the signing of the lease agreement, the Company has also accounted for the transaction as a capital lease. For US GAAP purposes the entire gain of ThCh$ 5,246,353 (historical) on the sale of the land in 2004 will be recognized when the purchase option expires. Also under US GAAP, the Company recognized rental income for the use of the land while the building is under construction and financing expenses in relation to the funds previously received for the land. Commencing in May 2007, the Company recognizes rental income for the use of the land associated with the floors that were not leased by the Company and continues to recognize financing expenses in relation to the funds previously received for the land. The impact of these adjustments are reflected in paragraph 1 t) below.
e) Deferred income tax
As discussed in Note 13, effective January 1, 2000, the Company began applying Technical Bulletin N° 60 of the Chilean Institute of Accountants concerning deferred income taxes. Technical Bulletin N° 60 requires the recognition of deferred income taxes for all temporary differences arising after January 1, 2000, whether recurring or not, using an asset and liability approach. For US GAAP purposes, the Company has always applied Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No.109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, whereby income taxes are also recognized using substantially the same asset and liability approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities established for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities are based on enacted rates at the dates that the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of changes in tax rates is included in income for the period that includes the enactment date.
F - 54
Prior to the implementation of Technical Bulletin N° 60, no deferred income taxes were recorded under Chilean GAAP if the related timing differences were expected to be offset in the year that they were projected to reverse by new timing differences of a similar nature.
After the year ended December 31, 1999, Chilean GAAP and US GAAP differ due to the recognition for US GAAP purposes of the reversal of deferred income taxes included in the US GAAP reconciliations in years prior to 2000.
Furthermore, deferred income tax assets under both Chilean and US GAAP should be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance should be sufficient to reduce the deferred income tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
The effect of providing for deferred income taxes for the differences between the amounts shown for assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and the tax bases of those assets and liabilities is included in paragraph 1 t) below and certain disclosures required under FAS 109 are set forth under paragraph 3 c) below.
f) Subsidiary recapitalization
The Company completed the legal recapitalization of its subsidiaries, Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. and Comercial CCU Santiago, in 2004. The transaction had no impact on operating results; however, resulted in an increase in the tax basis of the subsidiaries in the amount of ThCh$ 17,064,171 (historical) and a corresponding increase of ThCh$ 2,899,485 (historical) in the Company’s deferred tax asset. For Chilean GAAP purposes, this increase in deferred tax assets was recorded as a credit directly to Shareholders’ Equity to be amortized over future periods based on the consumption of the assets that originated it (Fixed Assets and Inventories). For US GAAP purposes, such changes in deferred taxes due to the reversals of timing differences were recorded for 2004 operating results as a credit to deferred tax expense. The effect of this adjustment is reflected in paragraph 1 t) below.
g) Investment securities
Under Chilean GAAP, investment securities held by the Company, which are publicly traded, are carried at the lower of cost or market value.
Under SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”, investment securities, which include debt and certain equity securities, are accounted for as follows:
- - Debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and are reported at amortized cost.
- - Debt and equity securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.
- - Debt and equity securities not classified as either held-to-maturity or trading securities are classified as available-for-sale securities and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholders’ equity.
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 the Company’s investments in marketable securities subject to SFAS No. 115 were not significant and therefore no adjustment to net income as reported pursuant to Chilean GAAP was necessary.
F - 55
h) Goodwill and purchase accounting
Until January 1, 2004, under Chilean GAAP the excess of cost over the net book value of a purchased company is recorded as goodwill (the book value purchase method), which is then amortized to income over a maximum period of twenty years. The excess of net book value over the cost of an investment is considered to be negative goodwill under Chilean GAAP and is also amortized to income over a maximum period of twenty years.
Under US GAAP, goodwill and other intangibles are accounted for under SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. SFAS No. 141 requires the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations and prohibits the use of the pooling-of-interests method of accounting after this date. With respect to the purchase method of accounting, the cost of an investment is assigned to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If an excess of acquired net assets over cost arises, the excess is allocated to reduce proportionally the values assigned to non-current assets (except long-term investments in marketable securities) in determining their fair values. If the allocation reduces the non-current assets to zero value, the remainder of the excess over cost (negative goodwill) is written off immediately as an extraordinary gain. SFAS No. 141 establishes specific criteria for the recognition of intangible assets separately from goodwill and requires unallocated negative goodwill to be written off immediately as an extraordinary gain (instead of being deferred and amortized).
On August 28th, 2008 CCU S.A. bought 1,199,039,008 of (VSP) shares in $4,456 million (historic) increasing it’s participation in VSP to 63.1453% . This transaction generated negative goodwill of Ch$1,481 million. For US GAAP purposes the negative goodwill generated as a result of the transaction mentioned above was netted against the goodwill held on VSP coming from prior years (ThCh$3,369,399), leaving a remaining goodwill on VSP of ThCh$1,888,043 as of December 31st, 2008.
On December 3rd., 2008, CCU S.A. bought 25% of the Viña Tarapacá (VT) shares in US$33.1 million (ThCh$22,092,264), equivalent to 10% of VSPT shares. This transaction generated goodwill of ThCH$1,284,812.
Viña San Pedro S.A. and Viña Tarapacá Ex Zavala General Extraordinary Shareholders Meetings, both hold on December 3rd., 2008, approved the merge by absorption of Viña Tarapacá with Viña San Pedro, being the latter the absorptive one, through the approval of a capital increase of ThCh$30,193,541 divided into 15,987,878,653 shares. The swap ratio of the new issue to be handed out to the VT shareholders was 1,480.30828321 VSP shares for each VT share. The amendment to the By-Laws with regards to the change of the Company’s name into Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. (VSPT) was also approved. This transaction generated a negative goodwill of ThCh$2,417,866 for CCU S.A.
Additionally, in December 2008 a Company’s affiliate bought more VSPT shares increasing its VSPT’s equity participation prior to the shares swap generating negative goodwill of ThCh$1,273,299.
The goodwill and negative goodwill generated as a result of the transactions described within the last three paragraphs mentioned above were netted, leaving a remaining balance of negative goodwill of ThCh$2,406,353, which was entirely allocated to the long lived assets of VSPT (pro rata reduction) for US GAAP purposes.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and goodwill generated as a result of the ICSA and VT acquisitions:
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At December 31,2008
Inversora Cervecera | Viña San Pedro | |||||
S.A. | Tarapacá S.A. | |||||
( ICSA ) | ( VSPT ) | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||
(*) | ||||||
Current assets | 7.340.118 | 9.968.194 | ||||
Property plant,and equipment | 20.113.378 | 13.636.822 | ||||
Intangible assets -Trademarks | 14.611.761 | 7.235.323 | ||||
Goodwill | 25.900.509 | 14.016.100 | (**) | |||
Other assets | 231.410 | 16.781.380 | ||||
Total assets acquired | 68.197.176 | 61.637.819 | ||||
Current liabilities | 26.325.323 | 9.100.621 | ||||
Long -term debt | 4.078.781 | 3.928.751 | ||||
Total liabilities assumed | 30.404.104 | 13.029.372 | ||||
Net assets acquired | 37.793.072 | 48.608.447 | ||||
The intangible asset acquired in ICSA was assigned to registered trademarks that are subject to amortization ( 40 years ).
The goodwill generated as a result of the VT transaction was assigned to the Wine segment. The goodwill generated as a result of the ICSA transaction was assigned to the Beer Argentina segment. These goodwills are not deductible for taxable purposes.
(*) The numbers included in this column are calculated based on CCU's ownership over VSPT.
(**) This amount is comprised by ThC$12,128,057 related to the goodwill generated and recorded by Viña Tarapaca S.A. (subsidiary) and ThCh$1,888,043 related to the generated at CCU.
The following unaudited pro forma information summarizes the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, as if the acquisition of ICSA and VT had been completed as of the beginning of each period presented. The pro forma information gives effect to actual operating results prior to the acquisition. These pro forma amounts do not purport to be indicative of the results that would have actually been obtained if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the periods presented or that may be obtained in the future.
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Total revenues-Chilean GAAP | 813,262,988 | 739,399,821 | ||
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change-Chilean GAAP | 82,543,135 | 88,085,026 | ||
Net income-Chilean GAAP | 82,543,135 | 88,085,026 | ||
Ch$ | Ch$ | |||
Earnings per common share—basic | 259.16 | 276.56 | ||
Earnings per common share—diluted | 1,295.80 | 1,382.80 |
SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” establishes the following:
- The accounting for a recognized intangible asset is based on its useful life to the reporting entity. An intangible asset with a finite useful life is amortized over the life of the asset, but goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized.
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- The remaining useful lives of intangible assets being amortized are evaluated each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying value of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life.
- Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are not subject to amortization are tested for impairment at least annually.
- All goodwill must be assigned to a reporting unit, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment.
SFAS No. 142 became effective for years beginning after December 15, 2001. Accordingly, goodwill amortization was ceased for US GAAP purposes beginning in 2002.
The effects of the differences between Chilean and US GAAP in accounting for goodwill and negative goodwill (reversal of amortization for US GAAP) are shown in paragraph 1 t) below.
Under Chilean GAAP, the cost of an equity method investment is separated into an investment component (based on the purchase of the proportionate share of equity according to book values) and a goodwill component (based on the difference between the amount paid and the proportional book value of the investment). Under US GAAP, these components are combined in one balance sheet caption as an investment, and goodwill is determined in a manner similar to a consolidated subsidiary based on proportionate ownership. No disclosure has been presented of the effect of the reclassification between goodwill as determined under Chilean GAAP for equity method investments and goodwill determined under US GAAP as the effect of this reclassification is not significant.
i) Minimum dividend
As required by the Chilean Companies Act, unless otherwise decided by the unanimous vote of the issued and subscribed shares, an open stock corporation in Chile must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of the Company’s net income for each year adjusted for the deficit under developing period as determined in accordance with Chilean GAAP. Under Chilean GAAP, even though the minimum dividend is a legal requirement, the dividend is not recorded until it is declared by the Company. Since the payment of the 30% dividend out of each year’s income is a legal requirement in Chile, a provision has been made in the accompanying US GAAP reconciliation in paragraph 1 t) below to recognize the corresponding decrease in net equity at December 31, 2008, 2007 and, 2006.
j) Trademarks and brands names
Under Chilean GAAP, beginning in 1998 trademarks are amortized over a period not exceeding 20 years; prior to 1998, trademarks were not required to be amortized. Under US GAAP, trademarks with definite useful lives are amortized over the remaining legal life or a period not exceeding 40 years. With respect to the purchase in 1999 of the additional 45% interest in ECUSA, the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the date of purchase. As a result, trademarks with an assigned fair value of ThCh$ 7,548,303 (historical) were determined. Under US GAAP these trademarks were amortized over a period of five years which was determined to be the legal life of the trademark. As of December 31, 2004, these trademarks were fully amortized for US GAAP purposes. Additionally, trademarks held by Viña San Pedro S.A. and Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A. are being amortized over 20 years for Chilean GAAP but 40 years for US GAAP as there is no limited legal life. In 2005, as part of the CPCh acquisitions, the Company purchased various spirits brands names for a total cost of ThCh$ 514,483 (historical). Under Chilean GAAP these brands are being amortized over the maximum permissible period of 20 years. For US GAAP these brands were also determined to have a 20 useful life. The adjustments for differences in amortization periods are made in the reconciliation between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP in the paragraph 1 t) below.
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k) Staff severance indemnities
For Chilean GAAP purposes, the Company provides for severance indemnities when rights to such benefits have been formally guaranteed to employee groups. Severance indemnities are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31, 2008. 2007 and 2006 the liabilities for mandatory severance indemnities have been determined at their current value, based on the accrued cost of the benefit, using an annual discount interest rate of 6%. The calculation also considers the estimated years of service that the personnel will have at the date of their retirement. Until December 31, 2005, only certain agreements were considered mandatory payable. Liabilities for certain other remaining agreements were recorded at their current value, considering certain contractual restrictions that required the Company to pay severances only for a limited amount of personnel each year.
In the case of the costs for severance indemnities that resulted from changes in the collective contractual agreements, which included increasing the agreed benefits, these effects have been recognized as an asset and are being amortized on the basis of the average expected term of permance of the employees in the Company.
In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 88-1, for US GAAP purposes the severance indemnities described above are determined based on the vested benefits to which the employees are entitled if they separate immediately (settlement basis). The difference in accounting for staff severance benefits between Chilean and US GAAP is included in the reconciliation to US GAAP under paragraph 1 t) below.
l) Capitalization of interest
Under Chilean GAAP, the capitalization of interest cost associated with projects under construction is optional when incurred on debt that is not directly related to such projects. Under US GAAP, the capitalization of interest of qualifying assets under construction is required, regardless of whether interest is associated with debt directly related to a project or not. The effect of the required capitalization pursuant to US GAAP and the related depreciation expense of this difference are included in paragraph 1 t) below.
m) Capitalization of financing costs related to repaid debt
At December 31, 2003, the Company had capitalized, within Other Assets, certain financing costs associated with two series of bonds issued in previous years and a syndicated loan issued during 2003. Both the bonds and the syndicated loan were subsequently repaid in full prior to maturity during September and November 2004, respectively, with the proceeds from a new series of bonds and a new syndicated loan (See Notes 10 and 11). For Chilean GAAP purposes, the unamortized capitalized financing costs from the initial bonds and loan, as well as the repayment costs, are carried forward as part of the capitalized financing costs of the new bonds and loan. Such aggregated financing costs are being amortized over the life of the new debt. For US GAAP purposes, the initial bonds and loan are considered extinguished and a gain or loss is calculated on the extinguishment of debt taking into consideration all of the related capitalized financing costs associated with the extinguished debt. The effect of this difference is reflected in paragraph 1 t) below.
n) Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income (loss) is the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. For US GAAP purposes, companies are required to report comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general purpose financial statements. US GAAP requires that all items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. Under Chilean GAAP, certain investments in foreign subsidiaries which operate in countries exposed to significant risk are accounted for under TB 64 (see Note 1 m)). As such, the differences between the investments’ equity value arising from the financial statements recalculated at the beginning of the year restated by Chilean inflation, plus the proportional share of the investments income (or loss) for the year, is recorded in Shareholders’ equity. For US GAAP, this difference would be reported in Comprehensive Income.
Other Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income required to be disclosed by this standard is shown in paragraph 1 t).
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o) Development stage results of operations
Until December 31, 2006 for Chilean GAAP purposes, investments in majority-owned subsidiaries in the development stage are recorded by the equity method and the investor’s proportional share of the subsidiary’s results of operations are recorded as a component of Shareholders’ equity. For US GAAP purposes, majority-owned subsidiaries in the development stage are consolidated and the results of their operations charged directly to income. The difference between charging development stage results to equity under Chilean GAAP until December 31, 2006 and to income under US GAAP has been included in the reconciliation of income under paragraph 1 t) below. No disclosure of the effects of consolidation of such subsidiaries has been made because the effects are not material.
p) Accounting for joint venture in Viña Altaïr S.A.
By Public Deed dated October 4, 2001, Viña San Pedro S.A. and Dassault Investment Fund Inc. formed Viña Totihue S.A., a closed Chilean company with a capital of US$ 7 million (equivalent to ThCh$ 4,930,559 historical pesos) and with 70,000 shares of no par value. Dassault Investment Fund Inc. received 35,000 shares (50% ownership interest) for its contribution in cash of US$ 3.5 million (equivalent to ThCh$ 2,465,279 historical pesos). Viña San Pedro S.A. also subscribed to 35,000 shares with a payment of US$ 800,000 (equivalent to ThCh$ 563,410 historical pesos) and the contribution of land with a value of US$ 2.7 million (equivalent to ThCh$ 1,901,787 historical pesos). The land consists of two parcels of land in Chile referred to as “Totihue” which will be used for the production of wine grapes. On September, 2007 Viña Dassault San Pedro S.A.. changed its name to Viña Altaïr S.A.
This transaction resulted in a gain under Chilean GAAP of ThCh$ 869,740 (historical) because the book value of the land was ThCh$ 1,032,047 (historical). Since Viña Totihue S.A. is an equity method investee of Viña San Pedro S.A., the Company deferred 50% of the gain generated in the transaction and recognized the other 50% in Other income in the statement of income for 2001. The deferred gain is being amortized to income annually under Chilean GAAP over period of 20 years.
Under US GAAP, the exchange of the land for an interest in the joint venture did not result in gain recognition because the investee received no cash. Accordingly, the gain on the exchange, and the subsequent amortization of the deferred gain, have been reversed in the reconciliation in paragraph 1 t) below.
q) Subsidiary issuance of shares – negative goodwill
Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A.
As mentioned in Note 1 b) (4), in December 2008, the Company’s subsidiary Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. issued shares of common stock. The stock was issued at a price below the book value of the shares. For Chilean GAAP purposes, the excess of the fair value of the acquired shares, and related assets, was recorded as negative goodwill and is being amortized over a period of 20 years. For US GAAP, when an investor buys more than its proportion of shares sold by an investee at a price under book value, the excess should first be allocated as a pro rata reduction of the amounts that otherwise would have been assigned to all of the eligible acquired assets. If any excess remains after reducing to zero the amounts that otherwise would have been assigned to those assets, that remaining excess should be recognized as a gain. For US GAAP the related gain associated with this transaction is presented as a reconciling item in paragraph 1 t) below.
CCU Argentina S.A.
In June 2005, the Company’s subsidiary CCU Argentina S.A. issued shares of common stock. The subsidiary’s minority investor did not participate in the offering and all shares were purchased by the Company. The stock was issued at a price below the book value of the shares resulting in an increase in the Company’s percentage of ownership in its subsidiary. For Chilean GAAP purposes, the excess of the fair value of the acquired shares, and related assets, was recorded as negative goodwill and is being amortized over a period of 20 years. For US GAAP, when an investor buys more than its proportion of shares sold by an investee at a price under book value, the excess should first be allocated as a pro rata reduction of the amounts that otherwise would have been assigned to all of the eligible acquired assets. If any excess remains after reducing to zero the amounts that otherwise would have been assigned to those assets, that remaining excess should be recognized as a gain. For US GAAP the related gain associated with this transaction is presented as a reconciling item in paragraph 1 t) below.
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r) Derivative financial instruments
The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to cover the risk of exposure to exchange rate differences on existing items on the balance sheet denominated in US dollars. Under these forward contracts, for any rate above or below the fixed rate, the Company receives or pays the difference between the spot rate and the fixed rate for the given amount at the settlement date. The terms of the foreign currency forward exchange contracts are generally less than one year. It also enters into cross-currency interest rate swaps in order to hedge its exposure to exchange rate and interest rate differences. Under these contracts the Company either, receives a fixed US dollar amount at a variable interest rate and pays a UF peso amount at a fixed interest rate. Counter-parties to these financial instruments expose the Company to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance; however, counter-parties to these contracts are major financial institutions and the risk of loss due to nonperformance is believed to be minimal.
Under Chilean GAAP, derivatives are accounted for in accordance with Technical Bulletin N° 57, “Accounting for Derivative Contracts” (“TB 57”). Under TB 57, all derivative financial instruments should be recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. In addition, TB 57 requires that derivative financial instruments be classified as Non-hedging (investment) instruments and Hedging instruments, the latter further divided into those covering existing transactions and those covering anticipated transactions.
Contracts to cover existing transactions hedge against the risk of a change in the fair value of a hedged item. The differences resulting from the changes in the fair value of both the hedged item and the derivative instrument should be accounted for as follows:
a. If the net effect is a loss, it should be recognized in earnings in the period of change.
b. If the net effect is a gain, it should be recognized when the contract is closed and accordingly deferred on the balance sheet.
c. If the net effect is a gain and net losses were recorded on the transaction in prior years, a gain should be recognized in earnings in the current period up to the amount of net losses recorded previously.
d. If the effect is a net loss and net gains were recorded (as deferred revenue) on the transaction in prior years, the gain should be utilized to offset the net loss before recording the remaining loss in the results of operations for the year.
Contracts to cover anticipated transactions are those that have the objective of protecting cash flow risks of a transaction expected to occur in the future (cash flow hedge). The hedging instrument should be recorded at its fair value and the changes in fair value should be stated on the balance sheet as unrealized gains or losses. When the contract is closed the unrealized gains or losses on the derivative instrument should be recognized in earnings without affecting the cost or sales price of the asset acquired or sold in the transaction. However, probable losses arising from purchase commitments should not be deferred.
Non-hedging (investment) instruments should also be presented at their fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in the earnings of the period in which the change in fair value occurs.
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company has two cross-currency interest-rate swap agreements (US dollar to Chilean peso) to buy and sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 170,000,000. At December 31, 2006, the Company, had three cross-currency interest-rate swap agreement (US dollar to Chilean peso) to buy and sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 134,000,000.These contracts were obtained to protect the Company from foreign exchange and interest-rate risk with respect to long-term bank debt denominated in US dollars.
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At December 31, 2008, the Company has seventy three derivative contracts consisting of: forward contracts to sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 82,310,000, forward contracts to sell Euros for a notional amount of € 12,250,000, forward contracts to sell Pounds for a notional amount of £ 1,180,000 and forward contracts to sell Canadian Dollars for a notional amount of CAD$ 770,000 maturing throughout 2009.At December 31, 2007, the Company has twenty three derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 118,660,000. At December 31, 2006, the Company has eleven derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 23,450,000. In addition, at December 31, 2008, the Company has seven derivative contracts consisting of: forward contracts to buy US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 39,253,349 and forward contracts to sell Euros for a notional amount of € 3,155,000 maturing throughout 2009. At December 31, 2007, the Company has ten derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to buy US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 33,786,000. At December 31, 2006, the Company has eight derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to buy US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 33,400,000. These forward contracts were obtained to protect the Company from foreign exchange risk with respect to mutual fund shares and trade accounts receivable denominated in US dollars
Under US GAAP, the Company applies SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, as amended by SFAS 137 and SFAS 138 on the same matter (collectively referred to herein as “SFAS 133”). SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. SFAS 133 requires that all derivative instruments be recognized on the balance sheet at fair value and that changes in the fair value be recognized in income when they occur, the only exception being derivatives that qualify as hedges. To qualify the derivative instrument as a hedge, the Company must meet strict hedge effectiveness and contemporaneous documentation requirements at the initiation of the hedge and assess the hedge effectiveness on an ongoing basis over the life of the hedge.At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the forward contracts and the cross-currency interest-rate swap contracts designated as hedges for Chilean GAAP purposes, did not meet the documentation requirements to be designated as hedges under US GAAP. Accordingly, for US GAAP purposes the Company recognizes all changes in fair values in results as incurred. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, deferred gains have been recognized for certain derivative contracts under Chilean GAAP. Deferrals are not permitted under US GAAP for companies that not qualify for hedge accounting. These deferred gains have been adjusted for in paragraph 1 t ) below.
s) Provision for Restructuring Costs
The Company recorded under Chilean GAAP provisions related to the restructuring of a portion of its operations. The provisions were made mainly for the costs of termination indemnity payments.
The recognition of liabilities related to a restructuring process under US GAAP is prescribed by SFAS 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities” (“SFAS 146”). In order to recognize a liability for employee termination benefits and other restructuring costs under SFAS 146, prior to the date of the financial statements, certain specific conditions must be met or exist.
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, some of the required conditions had not been met or did not exist with respect to the restructuring process of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries; therefore, an adjustment to reverse the restructuring provisions was included in the reconciliation to US GAAP for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is included in paragraph 1 t), below.
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t) Effects of conforming to US GAAP
The adjustments to reported net income pursuant to Chilean GAAP required to conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States are as follows (all amounts are expressed in thousands of Chilean pesos of December 31st, 2008 purchasing power):
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Net income as shown in the Chilean GAAP | ||||||
financial statements | 82,630,703 | 86,247,947 | 65,301,185 | |||
Reversal of revaluation of fixed assets held for sale (par. 1c ) | - | 1,181,997 | 972,304 | |||
Adjustment to depretiation of fixed assets held for sale (par. 1c) | - | (1,587,005) | - | |||
Reversal of impairment of fixed assets held for sale (par. 1c) | (332,356) | (371,641) | - | |||
Adjustment related to sale of land (par. 1d) | (229,324) | (176,147) | (195,797) | |||
Adjustment for deferred income taxes (par. 1e) | (1,503,584) | 170,900 | 1,940,818 | |||
Deferred tax assets generated from the merger of subsidiaries (par. 1f) | (138,084) | (256,917) | (434,993) | |||
Adjustment for amortization of goodwill and negative goodwill (par. 1h) | 3,545,574 | 2,905,109 | 4,129,068 | |||
Adjustment for amortization of trademarks with different useful lives (par. 1j) | 383,022 | 294,640 | 309,098 | |||
Adjustment for employee severance indemnities (par. 1k) | 92,456 | 476,741 | (10,983,580) | |||
Adjustment for capitalization of interest cost (par. 1l) | 3,657,593 | 3,017,065 | 962,588 | |||
Adjustment for capitalized costs on repaid debt (par. 1m) | 387,831 | 387,831 | 387,831 | |||
Reversal of deficit during development period of subsidiary (par. 1o) | - | - | (757,576) | |||
Reversal of gain on investment in Viña Altaïr S.A. (par. 1p) | (15,647) | (15,647) | (15,647) | |||
Derivative financial instrument (par. 1r) | 4,932,646 | 1,446,337 | (1,580,081) | |||
Provision for Restructuring Cost (par. 1s) | (250,470) | (1,634,903) | 1,885,372 | |||
Net income according to US GAAP | 93,160,360 | 92,086,307 | 61,920,590 | |||
Other comprehensive income adjustments: | ||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 25,750,306 | (11,858,278) | 1,990,929 | |||
Other comprehensive gains (loss) income adjustments | 25,750,306 | (11,858,278) | 1,990,929 | |||
Comprehensive income in accordance with US GAAP (par. 1n)) | 118,910,666 | 80,228,029 | 63,911,519 | |||
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The adjustments required to conform net equity amounts to the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States are as follows:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Net equity as shown in the Chilean GAAP financial statements | 496,245,795 | 437,555,693 | 408,451,646 | |||
Reversal of revaluation of property, plant and equipment (par. 1b)) | (3,386,602) | (3,386,602) | (3,386,602) | |||
Reversal of accumulated depreciation on revaluation of property, plant and equipment (par. 1b)) | (298,615) | (298,615) | (298,615) | |||
Reversal of revaluation of fixed assets held for sale (par. 1c)) | (6,927,575) | (6,927,575) | (8,421,222) | |||
Reversal of accumulated depreciation on revaluation of fixed assets held for sale (par. 1c)) | 1,210,531 | 1,210,531 | 1,522,179 | |||
Adjustment to depretiation of fixed assets held for sale (par. 1c)) | (1,587,005) | (1,587,005) | - | |||
Reversal of previously recognized impairment losses (par. 1c)) | (1,490,717) | (1,158,361) | (786,720) | |||
Reversal of gain on sale of land (par 1d)) | (4,661,679) | (4,432,355) | (4,256,207) | |||
Assets (liabilities) from deferred income taxes under FAS 109 (par. 1e)) | 1,621,524 | 3,125,108 | 2,954,208 | |||
Adjustment of goodwill and negative goodwill on equity investments (par. 1h)) | 36,121,026 | 32,575,452 | 29,670,343 | |||
Minimum dividend permitted by law (par. 1i)) | (9,819,576) | (9,572,452) | (6,552,278) | |||
Amortization of trademarks for different useful lives (par. 1j)) | (6,654,917) | (7,037,938) | (7,332,578) | |||
Adjustment of employee severance indemnities (par. 1k)) | (17,289,142) | (17,381,598) | (17,858,340) | |||
Adjustment for capitalization of interest cost (par. 1l)) | 14,112,707 | 10,455,115 | 7,438,051 | |||
Reversal of capitalized issuance costs (par 1m)) | (767,672) | (1,155,503) | (1,543,334) | |||
Reversal of gain on investment in Viña Altaïr S.A. (par. 1p)) | (666,623) | (650,976) | (635,329) | |||
Reversal of negative goodwill for change Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A. participation (par. 1q)) | 788,861 | 788,861 | 788,861 | |||
Derivative financial instruments (par. 1r)) | 7,667,064 | 2,734,418 | 1,288,081 | |||
Provision for Restructuring Cost (par. 1s)) | - | 250,470 | 1,885,373 | |||
Net equity according to US GAAP | 504,217,385 | 435,106,668 | 402,927,517 | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at January 1° | (29,766,760) | (17,908,482) | (19,899,411) | |||
Other comprehensive income (loss) adjustments | 25,750,306 | (11,858,278) | 1,990,929 | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | ||||||
(Loss) in accordance with US GAAP | (4,016,454) | (29,766,760) | (17,908,482) | |||
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The following summarizes the changes in Shareholders’ equity under US GAAP during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
ThCh$ | ||
Balance at December 31, 2005 | 378,336,569 | |
Dividend declared | (38,617,289) | |
Reversal of accrued minimum dividend from prior year | 5,848,996 | |
Minimum dividend at year-end required by law | (6,552,278) | |
Net income for the year | 61,920,590 | |
Cumulative translation adjustment for the year | 1,990,929 | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | 402,927,517 | |
Dividend declared | (45,028,704) | |
Reversal of accrued minimum dividend from prior year | 6,552,278 | |
Minimum dividend at year-end required by law | (9,572,452) | |
Net income for the year | 92,086,307 | |
Cumulative translation adjustment for the year | (11,858,278) | |
Balance at December 31, 2007 | 435,106,668 | |
Dividend declared | (49,552,825) | |
Reversal of accrued minimum dividend from prior year | 9,572,452 | |
Minimum dividend at year-end required by law | (9,819,576) | |
Net income for the year | 93,160,360 | |
Cumulative translation adjustment for the year | 25,750,306 | |
Balance at December 31, 2008 | 504,217,385 | |
F - 65
US GAAP Condensed Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in thousands
of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
As of December 31, 2008 | ||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheetunder Chilean GAAP | US GAAP adjustments and reclassifications | Consolidated Balance Sheet under US GAAP | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
ASSETS | ||||||
CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | 49,903,801 | - | 49,903,801 | |||
Marketable securities | 5,779,711 | (320,355) | 5,459,356 | |||
Investments in available-for-sale securities | - | 320,355 | 320,355 | |||
Accounts receivable-trade and other | 150,175,806 | - | 150,175,806 | |||
Accounts receivable from related companies | 5,902,504 | - | 5,902,504 | |||
Inventories | 133,910,003 | - | 133,910,003 | |||
Prepaid expenses | 6,075,695 | - | 6,075,695 | |||
Prepaid taxes | 16,868,496 | - | 16,868,496 | |||
Deferred income taxes | 613,003 | - | 613,003 | |||
Other current assets | 6,481,795 | - | 6,481,795 | |||
Total current assets | 375,710,814 | - | 375,710,814 | |||
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, net | 519,519,954 | 7,137,192 | 526,657,146 | |||
OTHER ASSETS | 177,722,464 | 16,850,379 | 194,572,843 | |||
Total assets | 1,072,953,232 | 23,987,571 | 1,096,940,803 | |||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||
Short-term borrowings | 17,323,073 | - | 17,323,073 | |||
Current portion of long-term debt | 69,083,024 | - | 69,083,024 | |||
Dividends payable | 6,957,762 | 9,819,576 | 16,777,338 | |||
Accounts payable | 78,305,254 | - | 78,305,254 | |||
Notes payable | 1,206,916 | - | 1,206,916 | |||
Other payables | 7,334,079 | - | 7,334,079 | |||
Accounts payable to related companies | 14,198,438 | - | 14,198,438 | |||
Accrued expenses | 43,123,994 | (2,961,298) | 40,162,696 | |||
Withholding taxes payable | 23,297,655 | - | 23,297,655 | |||
Income Tax | 2,099,664 | - | 2,099,664 | |||
Other current liabilities | 10,438,438 | - | 10,438,438 | |||
Total current liabilities | 273,368,297 | 6,858,278 | 280,226,575 | |||
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | ||||||
Long-term debt | 161,129,618 | 4,661,679 | 165,791,297 | |||
Accrued expenses | 15,790,000 | 6,117,548 | 21,907,548 | |||
Deferred income taxes | 23,180,414 | (1,621,524) | 21,558,890 | |||
Other long-term liabilities | 9,438,860 | - | 9,438,860 | |||
Total long-term liabilities | 209,538,892 | 9,157,703 | 218,696,595 | |||
Total liabilities | 482,907,189 | 16,015,981 | 498,923,170 | |||
MINORITY INTEREST | 93,800,248 | - | 93,800,248 | |||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||
Common stock | 215,540,419 | - | 215,540,419 | |||
Share premium | 16,856,819 | - | 16,856,819 | |||
Other reserves | 2,161,946 | 138,084 | 2,300,030 | |||
Retained earnings | 261,686,611 | 7,833,506 | 269,520,117 | |||
Total shareholders’ equity | 496,245,795 | 7,971,590 | 504,217,385 | |||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 1,072,953,232 | 23,987,571 | 1,096,940,803 | |||
(1) This caption includes time deposits, marketable securities and securities under resale agreements amounting to ThCh$ 1,449,989, ThCh$ 11,639,941 and ThCh$ 19,320,000, respectively, which are cash equivalents.
F - 66
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in thousands
of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
As of December 31, 2007 | ||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet under Chilean GAAP | US GAAP adjustments and reclassifications | Consolidated Balance Sheet under US GAAP | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
ASSETS | ||||||
CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | 127,101,694 | - | 127,101,694 | |||
Marketable securities | 316,016 | (297,528) | 18,488 | |||
Investments in available-for-sale securities | - | 297,528 | 297,528 | |||
Accounts receivable-trade and other | 130,745,094 | - | 130,745,094 | |||
Accounts receivable from related companies | 6,243,842 | - | 6,243,842 | |||
Inventories | 84,267,467 | - | 84,267,467 | |||
Prepaid expenses | 7,884,342 | - | 7,884,342 | |||
Prepaid taxes | 3,196,621 | - | 3,196,621 | |||
Deferred income taxes | 1,722,864 | - | 1,722,864 | |||
Other current assets | 2,689,353 | - | 2,689,353 | |||
Total current assets | 364,167,293 | - | 364,167,293 | |||
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, net | 429,045,216 | 5,532,326 | 434,577,542 | |||
OTHER ASSETS | 106,972,845 | 10,486,238 | 117,459,083 | |||
Total assets | 900,185,354 | 16,018,564 | 916,203,918 | |||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||
Short-term borrowings | 6,112,660 | - | 6,112,660 | |||
Current portion of long-term debt | 5,160,814 | - | 5,160,814 | |||
Dividends payable | 17,067,416 | 9,572,452 | 26,639,868 | |||
Accounts payable | 61,815,455 | - | 61,815,455 | |||
Notes payable | 3,927,548 | - | 3,927,548 | |||
Other payables | 7,140,786 | - | 7,140,786 | |||
Accounts payable to related companies | 3,750,086 | - | 3,750,086 | |||
Accrued expenses | 34,506,636 | (250,470) | 34,256,166 | |||
Withholding taxes payable | 18,017,559 | - | 18,017,559 | |||
Income Tax | 5,537,692 | - | 5,537,692 | |||
Other current liabilities | 1,092,075 | - | 1,092,075 | |||
Total current liabilities | 164,128,727 | 9,321,982 | 173,450,709 | |||
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | ||||||
Long-term debt | 177,598,671 | 4,432,355 | 182,031,026 | |||
Accrued expenses | 13,017,204 | 7,838,360 | 20,855,564 | |||
Deferred income taxes | 16,470,916 | (3,125,108) | 13,345,808 | |||
Other long-term liabilities | 31,960,915 | - | 31,960,915 | |||
Total long-term liabilities | 239,047,706 | 9,145,607 | 248,193,313 | |||
Total liabilities | 403,176,433 | 18,467,589 | 421,644,022 | |||
MINORITY INTEREST | 59,453,228 | - | 59,453,228 | |||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||
Common stock | 215,540,419 | - | 215,540,419 | |||
Share premium | 16,856,819 | - | 16,856,819 | |||
Other reserves | (23,728,026) | 256,917 | (23,471,109) | |||
Retained earnings | 228,886,481 | (2,705,942) | 226,180,539 | |||
Total shareholders’ equity | 437,555,693 | (2,449,025) | 435,106,668 | |||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 900,185,354 | 16,018,564 | 916,203,918 | |||
(1) This caption includes time deposits, marketable securities and securities under resale agreements amounting to ThCh$ 27,588,366 ThCh$ 49,606,961 and ThCh$ 28,461,014, respectively, which are cash equivalents.
F - 67
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in thousands
of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
As of December 31, 2008 | ||||||
Consolidated Statement of Income under Chilean GAAP | US GAAP adjustments and reclassifications | Consolidated Statement of Income under US GAAP | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Net sales | 781,789,468 | - | 781,789,468 | |||
Cost of sales | (369,739,160) | (38,271,039) | (408,010,199) | |||
Gross margin | 412,050,308 | (38,271,039) | 373,779,269 | |||
Selling and administrative expenses | (290,984,615) | 38,504,133 | (252,480,482) | |||
Operating income | 121,065,693 | 233,094 | 121,298,787 | |||
NON-OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Non-operating income | 4,419,685 | (438,586) | 3,981,099 | |||
Non-operating expenses | (20,132,831) | 12,376,817 | (7,756,014) | |||
Price-level restatements and exchange differences | (5,449,480) | - | (5,449,480) | |||
Income before income taxes and minority interest | 99,903,067 | 12,171,325 | 112,074,392 | |||
Income taxes | (14,085,385) | (1,641,668) | (15,727,053) | |||
Minority interest | (3,186,979) | - | (3,186,979) | |||
NET INCOME | 82,630,703 | 10,529,657 | 93,160,360 | |||
F - 68
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in thousands
of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
As of December 31, 2007 | ||||||
Consolidated Statement of Income under Chilean GAAP | US GAAP adjustments and reclassifications | Consolidated Statement of Income under US GAAP | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Net sales | 684,201,409 | - | 684,201,409 | |||
Cost of sales | (321,561,942) | (33,963,903) | (355,525,845) | |||
Gross margin | 362,639,467 | (33,963,903) | 328,675,564 | |||
Selling and administrative expenses | (252,232,238) | 31,962,469 | (220,269,769) | |||
Operating income | 110,407,229 | (2,001,434) | 108,405,795 | |||
NON-OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Non-operating income | 22,049,634 | 740,142 | 22,789,776 | |||
Non-operating expenses | (20,758,806) | 7,185,669 | (13,573,137) | |||
Price-level restatements and exchange differences | (4,924,377) | - | (4,924,377) | |||
Income before income taxes and minority interest | 106,773,680 | 5,924,377 | 112,698,057 | |||
Income taxes | (18,151,902) | (86,017) | (18,237,919) | |||
Minority interest | (2,373,831) | - | (2,373,831) | |||
NET INCOME | 86,247,947 | 5,838,360 | 92,086,307 | |||
F - 69
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
Adjusted for general price-level changes and expressed in thousands
of constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2008
As of December 31, 2006 | ||||||
Consolidated Statement of Income under Chilean GAAP | US GAAP adjustments and reclassifications | Consolidated Statement of Income under US GAAP | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Net sales | 638,356,685 | - | 638,356,685 | |||
Cost of sales | (303,963,118) | (31,189,659) | (335,152,777) | |||
Gross margin | 334,393,567 | (31,189,659) | 303,203,908 | |||
Selling and administrative expenses | (241,186,712) | 16,755,267 | (224,431,445) | |||
Operating income | 93,206,855 | (14,434,392) | 78,772,463 | |||
NON-OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||
Non-operating income | 9,145,785 | 899,217 | 10,045,002 | |||
Non-operating expenses | (19,937,078) | 8,648,755 | (11,288,323) | |||
Price-level restatements and exchange differences | (741,159) | - | (741,159) | |||
Income before income taxes and minority interest | 81,674,403 | (4,886,420) | 76,787,983 | |||
Income taxes | (16,648,711) | 1,505,825 | (15,142,886) | |||
Minority interest | 275,493 | - | 275,493 | |||
NET INCOME | 65,301,185 | (3,380,595) | 61,920,590 | |||
F - 70
3. Additional disclosure requirements
a) Reclassifications for US GAAP purposes
Income and expenses
Under Chilean GAAP the following expenses arising during the years 2008, 2007 and 2006 are classified as Non-operating expenses whereas under US GAAP they would be classified as Operating expenses:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Non-operating expenses: | ||||||
Loss on sale, provision for impairment and write-offs of assets | 400,891 | 1,397,493 | 2,081,344 | |||
Severance indemnities | 1,187,347 | 2,960,133 | 1,113,024 | |||
Total | 1,588,238 | 4,357,626 | 3,194,368 | |||
Selling and administrative expenses - Under Chilean GAAP, shipping and handling costs are charged to Selling and administrative expenses whereas under US GAAP, the Company’s policy is to classify shipping and handling costs in costs of sales. Shipping and handling costs amounted to ThCh$ 38,271,039 ThCh$ 32,376,898 and ThCh$ 30,432,083 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Cash and cash equivalents - As shown in Note 1 t), Cash and cash equivalents included in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows are recorded in separate captions on the balance sheet under Chilean GAAP. They are required to be shown combined as a single caption in balance sheets prepared under US GAAP. Accordingly, the following cash equivalents should be reclassified and included in the caption Cash and cash equivalents for US GAAP presentation purposes:
2008 | 2007 | |||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||
Time deposits | 1,449,989 | 27,588,366 | ||
Mutual fund shares | 11,639,941 | 49,606,961 | ||
Securities purchased under resale agreements | 19,320,000 | 28,461,015 | ||
Total | 32,409,930 | 105,656,342 | ||
F - 71
b) Earnings per share
Disclosure of the following earnings per share information is not generally required for presentation in financial statements under Chilean accounting principles, but is required under US GAAP:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
Ch$ | Ch$ | Ch$ | ||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share under US GAAP | 292,49 | 289,12 | 194,41 | |||
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands) | 318,503 | 318,503 | 318,503 |
Earnings per share is determined by dividing the net income for the year under US GAAP by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each year.
c) Income taxes
The provision for income taxes charged to results is summarized as follows:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Current tax expense | (14,662,768) | (17,294,405) | (13,264,829) | |||
Deferred tax under Chilean GAAP | 577,383 | (857.497) | (3.383.882) | |||
Deferred tax assets generated from the merger | (138,084) | (256.917) | (434,994) | |||
Additional deferred tax to conform with US GAAP | (1.503.584) | 170.900 | 1.940.818 | |||
Total provision for US GAAP | (15,727,053) | (18,237,919) | (15,142,887) | |||
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) under US GAAP are summarized as follows at December 31 of each year:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Property, plant and equipment | (25,445,532) | (21,382,948) | (21,689,321) | |||
Inventories | (2,745,583) | (2,252,125) | (2.617.631) | |||
Adjustment on bottles and container deposits | (3,199,990) | (3,451,687) | (3,325,770) | |||
Other liabilities | (5,162,823) | (2,600,311) | (2,479,621) | |||
Gross deferred tax liabilities | (36,553,928) | (29,687,071) | (30,112,343) | |||
Accounts receivable | 566,828 | 617,854 | 653,053 | |||
Tax loss carryforwards | 4,944,366 | 4,373,431 | 7,571,647 | |||
Less: Valuation allowance | (1,221,547) | (507.168) | (3,546,080) | |||
Employee severance indemnities | 3,450,383 | 3.289.617 | 3.336.256 | |||
Other assets | 5,221,335 | 7,702,050 | 6,929,485 | |||
Other | 2,684,257 | 2,588,342 | 2,958,335 | |||
Gross deferred tax assets | 15,645,622 | 18,064,126 | 17,902,696 | |||
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | (20,908,305) | (11,622,945) | (12,209,647) | |||
F - 72
The changes in the valuation allowance during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
Balance at | Additions | charged | Foreign | Balance at | ||||||
beginning | charged to cost | against | exchange | end of | ||||||
Year | of period | and expenses | income | effects | period | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||||
2008 | 465,719 | 714,379 | - | 41,449 | 1,221,547 | |||||
2007 | 3,256,272 | - | (2,588,384) | (202,169) | 465,719 | |||||
2006 | 3,421,674 | - | (289,497) | 124,095 | 3,256,272 |
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income taxes determined by applying the applicable Chilean statutory income tax rate of 17% during the years 2006 to 2008, to pretax income as a result of the following differences:
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
At statutory Chilean tax rate | 12,048,059 | 16,941,442 | 12,781,800 | |||
Increase (decrease) in rates resulting from: | ||||||
Non-deductible expenses | 28,290,189 | 7,668,283 | 8,382,547 | |||
Non-taxable income | (28,675,541) | (7,145,678) | (7,317,392) | |||
Tax credits | (598,508) | (1,047,341) | (1,073,029) | |||
International income tax differences | 4,662,854 | 1,821,213 | 2,368,961 | |||
At effective tax rates | 15,727,053 | 18,237,919 | 15,142,887 | |||
In accordance with Chilean law, the Company and each of its subsidiaries compute and pay income tax on a separate return basis and not on a consolidated basis.
The Argentine enacted income tax rate was 35% during the years 2006 to 2008.
Certain of the Chilean subsidiaries have tax loss carryforwards aggregating ThCh$ 56,398,053 at December 31, 2008 (ThCh$ 20,241,280 in 2007) which have no expiration date. Additionally, Finca La Celia S.A. and subsidiary, have tax loss carryforwards aggregating ThCh$ 3,919,060 at December 31, 2008 (ThCh$ 2,535,791 in 2007) which may be applied to reduce taxable income in Argentina during a five-year carryforward period. These tax losses resulted in a deferred tax asset for 2008 of ThCh$ 1,371,671 (ThCh$ 4,373,431 in 2007 and ThCh$ 7, 571,647 in 2006). Valuation allowances of ThCh$ 1,221,547 in 2008 (ThCh$ 465,719 in 2007 and ThCh$ 3,256,272 in 2006) were provided against certain of the deferred tax assets of the Argentine subsidiaries because it is currently expected that those assets will probably not be realized before they expire.
FIN 48
In January 2007, the Companies adopted FIN 48. This interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109. Under the interpretation, an enterprise is not allowed to recognize, in its financial statements, the benefit of a tax position unless that position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, including resolution of any related appeals and litigation processes, based solely on the technical merits of the position.
No reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded pursuant to FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (FIN 48).
F - 73
d) Investment securities
The book value of investment securities totaled ThCh$ 320,355 at December 31, 2008 and ThCh$ 297,528 at December 31, 2007. There was no significant difference between book value and market value at December 31, 2008 or December 31, 2007 (see paragraph 1 f) above). All investment securities are classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
e) Intangible Assets - Trademarks
The Company’s other intangible assets consists primarily of trademarks related to beers, wines, spirits, juices, soft drink and snacks. Trademarks are considered to have definite lives and are amortized over the life of either the legal trademark agreement, or 20 years. The weighted average amortization period is 40 years for US GAAP purposes. Trademarks are reviewed for impairment, whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be fully recoverable or the useful lives are no longer appropriate.
The changes in the carrying amount of trademarks during the periods were:
Beginning balance | Additions | Deletions | Ending balance | |||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||
2008 | 10,180,438 | 27,895,598 (1) | 135,555 | 38,211,591 | ||||
2007 | 28,461,480 | - | 18,281,042 (2) | 10,180,438 |
The aggregate amortization expense for trademarks was ThCh$ 3,226,436 and ThCh$ 2,263,776 for the years ended December 31st, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is ThCh$ 389,591 and 295,710 respectively.
(1) New brands were incorporated during 2008. A total of Th$15,358,445 was added through ICSA (merged with CICSA in July 2008), and Th$12,537,153 corresponds to the brands incorporated as a consequence of the merge between Viña San Pedro S.A. and Viña Tarapacá Ex Zavala S.A. completed on December 2008.
(2) Correspond to trademarks contributed to the equity investee.
f) Fair value
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument at December 31, 2008 and 2007 for which it is practicable to estimate such value:
- Cash
Cash is stated at carrying amount, which is equivalent to fair value. - Time deposits and marketable securities
Fair value of time deposits was determined using rates currently available in the market and the fair value of marketable securities is based on quoted market prices for the marketable securities. - Accounts receivable, accounts payable, notes payable and other payables
Fair value approximates carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. - Investments in other companies
Fair value of common stock in companies is based on quoted market prices for the stock. - Securities purchased under resale agreements
Fair value of securities purchased under resale agreement included in Other current assets was determined using interest rates currently offered for similar financial instruments. - Bank borrowings and bonds payable
Fair value of bank borrowings and bonds payable was estimated using the interest rate that the Company would pay for similar loans.
F - 74
- Financial instruments
The fair value of foreign currency forward exchange contracts and swap contracts is based on estimated market valuations. Such values attempt to approximate the economic value at the balance sheet date of a position using prices and rates at the average of the estimated bid and offer for the respective underlying assets or reference rates and/or mathematical models, as deemed appropriate by the Company. In the absence of sufficient or meaningful market information, such valuations or components thereof may be theoretical in whole or in part.
The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments is summarized as follows:
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||||
Carry ing | Fair | Carrying | Fair | |||||
Amounts | Value | Amounts | Value | |||||
Assets | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ||||
Cash | 17,493,871 | 17,493,871 | 21,445,353 | 21,445,353 | ||||
Time Deposits And Marketable Securities | 18,869,641 | 18,910,864 | 77,511,343 | 77,852,937 | ||||
Accounts receivable-trad e and oth er, net . | 150,175,806 | 150,175,806 | 130,745,094 | 130,745,094 | ||||
Investments in Other companies | 16,836 | 16,836 | 21,500 | 21,500 | ||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements | 19,344,292 | 19,344,292 | 28,520,570 | 28,520,570 | ||||
Other Current Assets | 858,421 | 858,421 | 970,915 | 970,915 | ||||
Forward Contracts | 5,201,550 | 5,201,550 | 434,160 | 434,160 | ||||
Swap Contracts | 9,566,257 | 9,566,257 | - | - | ||||
Other Assets | 4,313,019 | 4,313,019 | 4,977,759 | 4,977,759 | ||||
Total Assets | 225,839,693 | 225,880,916 | 264,626,694 | 264,968,288 | ||||
Liabilities | ||||||||
Bank Borrowings (short-term) | 17,323,073 | 17,323,073 | 6,112,660 | 5,992,487 | ||||
Bond Payable (short-term) | 4,344,198 | 5,889,599 | 4,356,851 | 6,051,704 | ||||
Current Portion of Long-Term Bank | ||||||||
Borrowings | 64,738,826 | 65,158,507 | 803,963 | 2,909,380 | ||||
Bank Borrowings (long -term) | 103,690,362 | 95,885,392 | 116,643,380 | 107,161,762 | ||||
Bond Payable (long -term) | 57,439,256 | 45,654,002 | 60,955,291 | 59,778,764 | ||||
Accounts payable, notes payable and | ||||||||
other | ||||||||
payables | 86,846,249 | 86,846,249 | 72,883,789 | 72,883,789 | ||||
Forward Contracts | 1,193,720 | 1,193,720 | 1,061,733 | 1,061,733 | ||||
Swap Contracts | 9,145,358 | 9,145,358 | 20,162,702 | 20,162,702 | ||||
Total Liabilities | 344,721,042 | 327,095,900 | 282,980,369 | 276,002,321 | ||||
F - 75
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (FAS 157)
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS No. 157). This Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands the disclosures about fair value measurements.
SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in a principal or most advantageous market. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on inputs, which refer broadly to assumptions that market participants use in pricing assets or liabilities. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable firm inputs. The Company often makes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, and the risks inherent in the inputs to valuation techniques. The Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
SFAS No. 157 requires consideration of the impact of nonperformance risk (including credit risk) from a market participant perspective in the measurement of the fair value of assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2008, the Company determined that nonperformance risk would have no material impact on their financial position or results of operations. To assess nonperformance risk, the Company considered information such as collateral requirements, master netting arrangements, letters of credit and parent company guarantees, and applied a market-based method by using the counterparty (for an asset) or the Company’s (for a liability) credit default swaps rates.
SFAS No. 157 established a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in three broad levels. The standard requires that assets and liabilities be classified in their entirety based on the level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Assessing the significance of a particular input may require judgment considering factors specific to the asset or liability, and may affect the valuation of the asset or liability and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company classifies fair value balances based on the fair value hierarchy defined by SFAS No. 157 as follows:
- Level I – Consists of assets or liabilities whose value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets at the measurement date. An active market is one in which transactions for assets or liabilities occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. This category includes contracts traded on active exchange markets valued using unadjusted prices quoted directly from the exchange.
- Level II – Consists of assets or liabilities valued using industry standard models and based on prices, other than quoted prices within Level 1, that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date. The industry standard models consider observable assumptions including time value, volatility factors, and current market and contractual prices for the underlying commodities, in addition to other economic measures. This category includes contracts traded on active exchanges or in over-the-counter markets priced with industry standard models.
- Level III – Consists of assets or liabilities whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies using inputs that are generally less readily observable and supported by little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best available information and subject to cost benefit constraints. This category includes contracts priced using models that are internally developed and contracts placed in illiquid markets. It also includes contracts that expire after the period of time for which quoted prices are available and internal models are used to determine a significant portion of the value.
As of December 31, 2008, the Company held certain items that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These included:
(i) Money market funds and Marketable securities
(ii) Time deposits
(iii) Securities purchased under resale agreements
(iv) Forward Contracts
(v) Swap Contracts
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The following table provides information by level for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, as defined by SFAS 157, on a recurring basis:
Fair value at December | Fair value measurements Using inputs considered as | |||||||
Description | 31, 2008 | Level I | Level II | Level III | ||||
ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | ThCh$ | |||||
Assets | ||||||||
Money market funds and Marketable securities | 12,010,734 | 12,010,734 | - | - | ||||
Time deposits | 6,900,130 | - | 6,900,130 | - | ||||
Securities purchased under resale agreements | 19,344,292 | - | 19,344,292 | - | ||||
Forward Contracts | 5,201,550 | - | 5,201,550 | - | ||||
Swap Contracts | 9,566,257 | - | 9,566,257 | - | ||||
Liabilities | ||||||||
Forward Contracts | 1,193,720 | - | 1,193,720 | - | ||||
Swap Contracts | 9,145,358 | - | 9,145,358 | - |
Level I assets consist of marketable securities and money market funds that are traded in an active market with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions.
Level II assets consist of time deposits and Securities purchased under resale agreements with quoted market prices that are traded in less active markets or priced using a quoted market price for similar instruments. This level also includes assets and liabilities resulting from derivative contracts (forward and swap contract) priced using inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated with observable market data.
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g) Concentrations of credit and other risk
The Company has accounts with a variety of banks and does not hold significant deposits with any single bank. The Company has a wide customer base and trades with a large number of small customers. Consequently, the Company does not believe that it has any significant concentrations of credit risk at December 31, 2008. The beverage business is highly competitive in both Chile and Argentina, where the Company competes with other enterprises. Additionally, in view of the favorable long-term economic conditions in Chile, other enterprises may be expected to enter the country’s beer, wine,soft drink and spirits markets.
The Company’s results may be materially adversely affected from time to time by significant increases in advertising and promotion costs, loss of sales volume, price discounting, or a combination of these and other factors related to the competitive beer, wine, soft drinks and spirits markets in Chile and Argentina.
h) Derivative instruments and hedging activities
The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of market risks, including risks related to the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. These financial exposures are monitored and managed by the Company as an integral part of its overall risk management program. The Company’s risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results.
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company, has two cross-currency interest-rate swap agreement (US dollar to Chilean peso) to buy and sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 170,000,000. At December 31, 2006, the Company, has three cross-currency interest-rate swap agreement (US dollar to Chilean peso) to buy and sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 134,000,000.These contracts were obtained to protect the Company from foreign exchange and interest-rate risk with respect to long-term bank debt denominated in US dollars.
At December 31, 2008, the Company has seventy three derivative contracts consisting of: forward contracts to sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 82,310,000, forward contracts to sell Euros for a notional amount of € 12,250,000, forward contracts to sell Pounds for a notional amount of £ 1,180,000 and forward contracts to sell Canadian Dollars for a notional amount of CAD$ 770,000 maturing throughout 2009. At December 31, 2007, the Company has twenty three derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 118,660,000. At December 31, 2006, the Company has eleven derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to sell US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 23,450,000. In addition, at December 31, 2008, the Company has seven derivative contracts consisting of: forward contracts to buy US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 39,253,349 and forward contracts to sell Euros for a notional amount of € 3,155,000 maturing throughout 2009. At December 31, 2007, the Company has ten derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to buy US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 33,786,000 maturing throughout 2008. At December 31, 2006, the Company has eight derivative contracts consisting of forward contracts to buy US dollars for a notional amount of US$ 33,400,000. These forward contracts were obtained to protect the Company from foreign exchange risk with respect to mutual fund shares and trade accounts receivable denominated in US dollars.
As described further in Note 1 r) at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the forward contracts and the cross-currency interest-rate swap contracts designated as hedges for Chilean GAAP purposes, did not meet the documentation requirements to be designated as hedges under US GAAP.
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4. Recent accounting pronouncements
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets.” This FSP amends FASB Statement No. 132, “Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits,” and requires an employer to separately disclose the fair value of each major category of plan assets of a defined benefit pension or postretirement plan. In addition, employers are required to disclose information enabling users to understand investment policies and strategies, assess the inputs and valuation techniques used to develop fair value measurements, and to disclose any significant concentrations of risks within plan assets. This FSP is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009, earlier application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this FSP on the disclosures for defined benefit pension and postretirement plan assets.
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, “Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities.” This FSP amends FASB Statement No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” and FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” to expand financial statement disclosures required. This FSP is effective for the first reporting period ending after December 15, 2008. The application of this FSP is not expected to have a material impact on the Company´s financial position or results of operations.
In November 2008, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations,” which provides clarification on the measurement of the initial carrying value of an equity investment, impairment assessment of underlying indefinite-lived intangible assets of an equity method investment, accounting for an equity method investee’s issuance of shares, and how to account for a change in investment from the equity method to the cost method. The guidance in this EITF is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008, and is to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this FSP on their financial position and results of operations.
In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active.” This FSP would amend FASB Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” to clarify its application in an inactive market by providing an illustrative example to demonstrate how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive. The FSP was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The application of this FSP did not have a material impact on the Companies’ financial position or results of operations.
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4, “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees; An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161,” to expand financial statement disclosures required for credit derivatives within the scope of Statement No. 133 and guarantees within the scope of Interpretation 45, as well as clarifying the effective date of FASB Statement No. 161. The FSP is effective for reporting periods ending after November 15, 2008. The application of this FSP is not expected to have a material impact on the Companies’ financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” This Statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. This Statement is effective 60 days following the Securities and Exchange Commission’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” The adoption of this Statement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued FSP APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement).” This FSP applies to convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash, or other assets, upon conversion and are not addressed by APB Opinion No. 14 “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants.” If the embedded conversion option is required to be separately accounted for as a derivative, then such convertible debt instruments should be accounted for under FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and this FSP does not apply. This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is prohibited. This FSP is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
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In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets.” This FSP amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under FASB Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under Statement 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under FASB Statement No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations,” and other U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this FSP on their financial position, results of operations and liquidity.
In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” This Statement amends and expands the disclosure requirements of Statement 133 with the intent to provide users of financial statements with enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. The Statement requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this Statement on their disclosures of financial position and results of operations.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 157-1, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements that Address Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13,” and FSP No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157.” FSP No. 157-1 amends FASB Statement No. 157 to exclude FASB Statement No. 13, “Accounting for Leases,” and other accounting pronouncements that address fair value measurements for purposes of lease classification and measurement under Statement No. 13. This FSP was effective upon the initial adoption of SFAS 157. FSP No. FAS 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually) to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years for items within the scope of this FSP. The adoption of both FSP No. 157-1 and FSP No. FAS 157-2 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In January 2008, the FASB issued Statement 133 Implementation Issue No. E23, “Hedging—General: Issues Involving the Application of the Shortcut Method under Paragraph 68.” Issue E23 amends paragraph 68 of SFAS 133 with respect to the conditions that must be met in order to apply the shortcut method for assessing hedge effectiveness. The implementation guidance in this Issue is effective for hedging relationships designated on or after January 1, 2008. The adoption of Issue E23 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 141R, Business Combinations (Statement 141R) and FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment to ARB No. 51 (Statement 160). Statements 141R and 160 require most identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and goodwill acquired in a business combination to be recorded at “full fair value” and require noncontrolling interests (previously referred to as minority interests) to be reported as a component of equity, which changes the accounting for transactions with noncontrolling interest holders. Both Statements are effective for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption is prohibited. Statement 141R will be applied to business combinations occurring after the effective date. Statement 160 will be applied prospectively to all noncontrolling interests, including any that arose before the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting Statement 141R and Statement 160 on its results of operations and financial position.
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NOTE 25 - FUTURE ACOUNTING CHANGE
As established in official letters N° 368 and N°427, issued by the Chilean Superintendence of Securities and Insurance on October 16th, 2006 and on December 28th, 2007, respectively, beginning on January 1st, 2009 the Company and its affiliates will adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Therefore, the application of the local accounting principles accepted in Chile will be discontinued in the same year.
As a consequence of the aforementioned, some changes may be originated in equity beginning on January 1st, 2009, and in the accounting treatment and disclosures of some items included in income from 2009. Therefore, for comparative purposes in year 2009, the financial statements of year 2008 must be adjusted in accordance with IFRS, The financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS differ in some matters form the financial statements presented herein prepared in accordance with local accounting principles accepted in Chile.
The Company has developed a plan to integrally face this conversion process, and at the date of the issuance of these financial statements, is still in the process of reviewing and evaluating information to properly estimate the impact that will have to be revealed in future financial statements .
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Signatures
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A.
(United Breweries Company, Inc.)
/s/ Patricio Jottar | |
Chief Executive Officer |
Date: June 22, 2009