Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The following table sets forth the Company's gross loans by major categories as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2017 2016 Consumer $ 16,112 $ 14,739 Residential real estate 81,926 93,468 Indirect 85,186 71,656 Commercial 11,257 12,351 Construction 3,536 4,397 Commercial real estate 73,595 68,447 Total loans receivable 271,612 265,058 Allowance for credit losses (2,589) (2,484) Net loans receivable $ 269,023 $ 262,574 The Company disaggregates its loan portfolio into groups of loans with similar risk characteristics for purposes of estimating the allowance for loan losses and monitoring and assessing credit quality. The Company's loan groups include consumer, residential real estate, indirect automobile, commercial, construction and commercial real estate. The Bank has an automotive indirect lending program where vehicle collateralized loans made by dealers to consumers are acquired by the Bank. The Bank’s indirect loan group included $85.2 million and $71.7 million of such loans at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Bank makes loans to customers located primarily in Anne Arundel County and surrounding areas of Central Maryland. Although the loan portfolio is diversified, its performance will be influenced by the economy of the region. Included in loans are loans due from directors, executive officers and other related parties of $0.4 million at December 31, 2017, and $0.4 million at December 31, 2016. These loans are made on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable loans with unrelated borrowers. The Board of Directors approves loans to directors, executive officers and other related parties to confirm that collateral requirements, terms and rates are comparable to other borrowers and are in compliance with underwriting policies. The following presents the activity in amount due from directors and other related parties for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2017 2016 Balance at beginning of year $ 444 $ 787 Additions 227 607 Repayments (268) (950) Balance at end of year $ 403 $ 444 Allowance for Loan Losses To control and monitor credit risk, management has an internal credit process in place to determine whether credit standards are maintained along with in-house loan administration accompanied by oversight and review procedures. Oversight and review procedures include the monitoring of the portfolio credit quality, early identification of potential problem credits and the management of problem credits. As part of the oversight and review process, the Company maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb estimated and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Bank has segmented the loan portfolio into the following classifications: · Consumer · Residential Real Estate · Indirect · Commercial · Construction · Commercial Real Estate The analysis for determining the allowance is consistent with guidance set forth in GAAP and the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses. Pursuant to Bank policy, the allowance is evaluated quarterly by management and is based upon management's review of the collectability of loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. Each of loan segment is reviewed and analyzed using the average historical charge-offs over a current four year period for their respective segments as well as the following qualitative factors: · Changes in asset quality including past due (30‑89 days) loans, nonaccrual loans, classified assets, watch list loans all in relation to total loans. Also policy exception in relationship to loan volume. · Changes in the rate and direction of the loan volume of the portfolio. · Concentration of credit including the percentage, changes, and relative to goals. · Changes in macro economic factors including the rates and direction of unemployment, median income and population. · Changes in internal factors including external loan review required reserve changes, internal review penetration, internal required reserve changes and weighted required reserve trends. · Changes in the charge offs and recoveries adjusted for rate and direction. The allowance consists of specific and general reserves. The specific reserves relate to loans classified as impaired, primarily including nonaccrual and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). The reserve for these loans is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value, or observable market price, whichever is appropriate, of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value. For impaired loans, any measured impairment is charged off against the loan and allowance for those loans that are collateral dependent in the applicable reporting period. The general reserve covers loans that are not classified as impaired and primarily includes new loan originations. The general reserve requirement is based on historical loss experience and the qualitative factors noted above that have been determined to have an effect on the probability and magnitude of a loss. The following table presents the total allowance by loan segment: December 31, 2017 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Unallocated Total Balance, beginning of year $ 182 $ 1,042 $ 693 $ 284 $ 10 $ 259 $ 14 $ 2,484 Charge-offs (96) (3) (458) (9) — — — (566) Recoveries 8 27 286 — — 14 — 335 Provision for loan losses 120 (5) 253 (38) 2 18 (14) 336 Balance, end of year $ 214 $ 1,061 $ 774 $ 237 $ 12 $ 291 $ — $ 2,589 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 52 $ 513 $ — $ 217 $ — $ — $ — $ 782 Related loan balance 160 2,345 — 217 — 1,176 — 3,898 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 162 $ 548 $ 774 $ 20 $ 12 $ 291 $ — $ 1,807 Related loan balance 15,952 79,580 85,186 11,040 3,536 72,420 — 267,714 December 31, 2016 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Unallocated Total Balance, beginning of year $ 227 $ 1,584 $ 577 $ 305 $ 19 $ 290 $ 148 $ 3,150 Charge-offs (18) (853) (677) — — (364) — (1,912) Recoveries 17 34 318 9 — — — 378 Provision for loan losses (44) 277 475 (30) (9) 333 (134) 868 Balance, end of year $ 182 $ 1,042 $ 693 $ 284 $ 10 $ 259 $ 14 $ 2,484 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 61 $ 240 $ — $ 229 $ — $ — $ — $ 530 Related loan balance 258 2,775 — 229 — 1,413 — 4,675 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 121 $ 802 $ 693 $ 55 $ 10 $ 259 $ 14 $ 1,954 Related loan balance 14,481 90,693 71,656 12,122 4,397 67,034 — 260,383 As of December 31, 2017, there were no unallocated portions in the allowance for loan losses. The unallocated allowance as of December 31, 2016 was $14,170. The unallocated allowance for loan losses is available to absorb further losses that may not necessarily be accounted for in the current methodology. Management believes the allowance for loan losses is at an appropriate level to absorb inherent probable losses in the portfolio. The f ollowing table rolls forward the Company’s activity for nonaccrual loans during the years 2017 and 2016: Residential Commercial Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Totals (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2015 623 2,508 349 — — 300 3,780 Transfers into nonaccrual 117 1,415 898 — — 840 3,270 Transfers to OREO — (126) — — — (114) (240) Loans paid down/payoffs (64) (191) (875) — — (15) (1,145) Loans returned to accrual status (256) (252) — — — — (508) Loans charged off (17) (846) (179) — — (364) (1,406) December 31, 2016 403 2,508 193 — — 647 3,751 Transfers into nonaccrual 10 329 686 56 402 — 1,483 Transfers to OREO — — — — — — — Loans paid down/payoffs (130) (429) (163) (1) (84) (140) (947) Loans returned to accrual status — (281) (171) — — — (452) Loans charged off (98) (3) (457) (7) — — (565) December 31, 2017 185 2,124 88 48 318 507 3,270 Credit Quality Information In addition to monitoring the performance status of the loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk rating scale (1-8) to evaluate loan asset quality for all loans. Loans that are rated 1-4 are classified as “pass” credits. For the pass rated loans, management believes there is a low risk of loss related to these loans and as necessary, credit may be strengthened through improved borrower performance and/or additional collateral. Loans rated a 5 (Special Mention) are pass credits, but are loans that have been identified that warrant additional attention and monitoring and represent “criticized” assets. Loans rated a 6 (Substandard) or higher are considered “criticized” loans and represent an increased level of credit risk. The use and application of these risk ratings by the Bank conform to the Bank's policy and regulatory definitions. The Bank’s internal risk ratings are as follows: 1 – 4 (Pass) - Pass credits are loans in grades “superior” through “acceptable”. These are at least considered to be credits with acceptable risks and would be granted in the normal course of lending operations. 5 (Special Mention) - Special mention credits have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credits or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. If weaknesses cannot be identified, classifying as special mention is not appropriate. Special mention credits are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification. No apparent loss of principal or interest is expected. 6 (Substandard) - Substandard credits are inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. Financial statements normally reveal some or all of the following: poor trends, lack of earnings and cash flow, excessive debt, lack of liquidity, and the absence of creditor protection. Credits so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. 7 (Doubtful) - A doubtful credit has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans. Doubtful classification for an entire credit should be avoided when collection of a specific portion appears highly probable with the adequately secured portion graded Substandard. In the normal course of loan portfolio management, loan originators are responsible for continuous assessment of credit risk arising from the individual borrowers within their portfolio and assigning appropriate risk ratings. Credit Administration is responsible for ensuring the integrity and operation of the risk rating system and maintenance of the watch list. The Bank contracts with an independent 3 rd party loan review firm that reviews and validates the internal credit risk program on an annual basis. Results of these reviews are presented to the Audit Committee for approval and then to management for implementation. The loan review process compliments and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by the lenders and credit personnel as well as the Bank’s policies and procedures. The following table provides information with respect to the Company's risk ratings by loan portfolio segment: December 31, 2017 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Total Pass $ 16,008 $ 81,346 $ 83,803 $ 11,256 $ 3,536 $ 73,268 $ 269,217 Special mention 77 344 1,027 1 — 327 1,776 Substandard 3 236 315 — — — 554 Doubtful 24 — 41 — — — 65 Loss — — — — — — — $ 16,112 $ 81,926 $ 85,186 $ 11,257 $ 3,536 $ 73,595 $ 271,612 Nonaccrual 185 2,124 88 48 318 507 3,270 Troubled debt restructures 46 — — 217 — — 263 Number of TDRs accounts 1 — — 1 — — 2 Non-performing TDRs 46 — — — — — 46 Number of non-performing TDR accounts 1 — — — — — 1 December 31, 2016 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Total Pass $ 14,597 $ 93,045 $ 70,188 $ 12,255 $ 4,397 $ 64,646 $ 259,128 Special mention 29 423 1,087 95 — 3,801 5,436 Substandard 64 — 276 — — — 340 Doubtful 49 — 105 — — — 154 Loss — — — — — — — $ 14,739 $ 93,468 $ 71,656 $ 12,351 $ 4,397 $ 68,447 $ 265,058 Nonaccrual 403 2,508 193 — — 647 3,751 Troubled debt restructures 84 — — 229 — — 312 Number of TDRs accounts 2 — — 1 — — 3 Non-performing TDRs 84 — — — — — 84 Number of non-performing TDR accounts 2 — — — — — 2 Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan constitutes a TDR if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider in the normal course of business. A concession may include an extension of repayment terms which would not normally be granted, a reduction of interest rate or the forgiveness of principal and/or accrued interest. If the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and the creditor has granted a concession, the Company will make the necessary disclosures related to the TDR. In certain cases, a modification may be made in an effort to retain a customer who is not experiencing financial difficulty. This type of modification is not considered to be a TDR. Once a loan has been modified and is considered a TDR, it is reported as an impaired loan. All TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment on a quarterly basis as part of the allowance for credit losses calculation. A specific allowance for TDR loans is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value or observable market price, whichever is appropriate, of the TDR is lower than the carrying value. If a loan deemed a TDR has performed for at least six months at the level prescribed by the modification, it is not considered to be non-performing; however, it will generally continue to be reported as impaired, but may be returned to accrual status. A TDR is deemed in default on its modified terms once a contractual payment is 30 or more days past due. There were no new loans modified as TDRs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. At December 31, 2017, the recorded investment in TDR’s reflected one loan in the amount of $216,500 which is performing under the terms of the modified agreement and one loan in the amount of $46,162 which is on nonaccrual. At December 31, 2016, the recorded investment in TDR’s reflected one loan in the amount of $228,500 which is performing under the terms of the modified agreement and two loans in the amount of $83,945 which are on nonaccrual. The Bank has no commitments to loan additional funds to the borrowers of restructured, impaired, or nonaccrual loans. The following table presents the loan portfolio segments summarized by aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016: 90 Days or 30-89 Days More and December 31, 2017 Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total (dollars in thousands) Consumer $ 15,823 $ 80 $ 24 $ 185 $ 16,112 Residential Real Estate 79,205 597 — 2,124 81,926 Indirect 83,932 1,166 — 88 85,186 Commercial 11,203 — 6 48 11,257 Construction 3,188 — 30 318 3,536 Commercial Real Estate 73,088 — — 507 73,595 $ 266,439 $ 1,843 $ 60 $ 3,270 $ 271,612 90 Days or 30-89 Days More and December 31, 2016 Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total (dollars in thousands) Consumer $ 14,243 $ 93 $ — $ 403 $ 14,739 Residential Real Estate 89,201 1,759 — 2,508 93,468 Indirect 70,392 1,071 — 193 71,656 Commercial 12,349 — 2 — 12,351 Construction 4,279 84 34 — 4,397 Commercial Real Estate 67,800 — — 647 68,447 $ 258,264 $ 3,007 $ 36 $ 3,751 $ 265,058 Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued totaled $3.3 million and $3.8 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Interest that would have been accrued under the terms of these loans totaled $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest totaled $60,255, and $36,266 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Management believes these particular loans are well secured and in the process of full collection of all amounts owed. Nonaccrual loans with specific reserves at December 31, 2017 are comprised of: Residential Real Estate – One loan to one borrower in the amount of $1,293,620 secured by a residential property with a specific reserve of $513,420 established for the loan. Consumer – Three loans to three borrowers in the amount of $160,004 with $52,040 of specific reserves established for the loans. Impaired Loans The following table presents information with respect to impaired loans. Management determined the specific reserve in the allowance based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In those cases, the current fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs is used to determine the specific allowance recorded. Unpaid Interest Average December 31, 2017 Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded (dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Consumer $ 160 $ 160 $ 5 $ 52 $ 205 Residential Real Estate 1,294 1,322 — 513 1,312 Indirect — — — — — Commercial 217 217 — 217 223 Construction — — — — — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 1,671 $ 1,699 $ 5 $ 782 $ 1,740 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Consumer $ 49 $ 49 $ — n/a $ — Residential Real Estate 992 1,760 11 n/a 1,572 Indirect 88 88 — n/a — Commercial 2 2 — n/a 2 Construction 318 318 — n/a 322 Commercial Real Estate 1,194 1,194 39 n/a 1,632 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 2,643 $ 3,411 $ 50 — $ 3,528 Unpaid Interest Average December 31, 2016 Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded (dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Consumer $ 176 $ 176 $ — $ 61 $ 217 Residential Real Estate 1,345 1,374 58 240 1,393 Indirect — — — — — Commercial 229 229 8 229 235 Construction — — — — — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 1,750 $ 1,779 $ 66 $ 530 $ 1,845 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Consumer $ 226 $ 226 $ — n/a $ 122 Residential Real Estate 1,267 2,007 10 n/a 2,245 Indirect 193 193 — n/a — Commercial 2 2 — n/a 2 Construction — — — n/a — Commercial Real Estate 1,579 1,731 70 n/a 1,762 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 3,267 $ 4,159 $ 80 — $ 4,131 |