Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | NOTE 5 – LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The fundamental lending business of the Company is based on understanding, measuring, and controlling the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company's loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk. These risks entail both general risks, which are inherent in the lending process, and risks specific to individual borrowers. The Company's credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry or collateral type. The Company currently manages its credit products and the respective exposure to loan losses by the following specific portfolio segments, which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for loan losses. The Company considers each loan type to be a portfolio segment having unique risk characteristics. March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 (dollars in thousands) Amount % Amount % Consumer $ 12,876 4 $ 13,071 Residential real estate 81,567 27 82,637 Indirect 115,800 39 116,698 Commercial 14,504 5 14,284 Construction 2,090 1 2,317 Commercial real estate 72,580 24 70,113 Loans, net of deferred fees and costs 299,417 100 299,120 100 Less: Allowance for loan losses (2,605) (2,541) Loans, net $ 296,812 $ 296,579 The Bank’s net loans totaled $296.8 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $296.6 million at December 31, 2018, an increase of $0.2 million, or 0.08%. Consumer loans decreased from $13.1 million at December 31, 2018 to $12.9 million at March 31, 2019, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 1.49%. Residential real estate loans decreased by $1.1 million, or 1.29%, from $82.6 million at December 31, 2018 to $81.6 million at March 31, 2019. Indirect loans decreased from $116.7 million at December 31, 2018 to $115.8 million at March 31, 2019, a decrease of $0.9 million, or 0.77%. Commercial loans increased $0.2 million, or 1.54%, to $14.5 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $14.3 million at December 31, 2018. Construction loans decreased by $0.2 million, or 9.80% to $2.1 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $2.3 million at December 31, 2018. Commercial real estate loans increased from $70.1 million at December 31, 2018 to $72.6 million at March 31, 2019, an increase of $2.5 million or 3.52%. Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses . Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower to meet his or her obligations and entails both general risks, which are inherent in the process of lending, and risks specific to individual borrowers. Credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type. Residential mortgage and home equity loans and lines generally have the lowest credit loss experience. Loans secured by personal property, such as auto loans, generally experience medium credit losses. Unsecured loan products, such as personal revolving credit, have the highest credit loss experience and for that reason, the Bank has chosen not to engage in a significant amount of this type of lending. Credit risk in commercial lending can vary significantly, as losses as a percentage of outstanding loans can shift widely during economic cycles and are particularly sensitive to changing economic conditions. Generally, improving economic conditions result in improved operating results on the part of commercial customers, enhancing their ability to meet their particular debt service requirements. Improvements, if any, in operating cash flows can be offset by the impact of rising interest rates that may occur during improved economic times. Inconsistent economic conditions may have an adverse effect on the operating results of commercial customers, reducing their ability to meet debt service obligations. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. The allowance, based on evaluations of the collectability of loans and prior loan loss experience, is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb possible losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The evaluations are performed for each class of loans and take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, value of collateral securing the loans and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay. For example, delinquencies in unsecured loans and indirect automobile installment loans will be reserved for at significantly higher ratios than loans secured by real estate. Based on that analysis, the Bank deems its allowance for loan losses in proportion to the total nonaccrual loans and past due loans to be sufficient. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Bank segments the loan portfolio into the following classifications: · Consumer · Residential Real Estate · Indirect · Commercial · Construction · Commercial Real Estate Each of these segments are reviewed and analyzed quarterly using the average historical charge-offs over a forty-eight to sixty month period for their respective segments as well as the following qualitative factors: · Changes in asset quality metrics including past due loans (30 - 89 days), nonaccrual loans, classified assets, watch list loans all in relation to total loans. Also policy exceptions in relationship to loan volume. · Changes in the rate and direction of the loan volume by portfolio segment. · Concentration of credit including the concentration percentages, changes in concentration and concentrations relative to goals. · Changes in macro-economic factors including the rates and direction of unemployment, median income and population. · Changes in internal factors including external loan review required reserve changes, internal review penetration, internal required reserve changes, and weighted required reserve trends. · Changes in rate and direction of charge offs and recoveries. Transactions in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 were as follows: March 31, 2019 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Total Balance, beginning of year $ 161 $ 864 $ 988 $ 241 $ 4 $ 283 $ 2,541 Charge-offs — (12) (166) (27) — — (205) Recoveries 10 — 80 6 — — 96 Provision for loan losses 15 (35) 123 29 — 41 173 Balance, end of quarter $ 186 $ 817 $ 1,025 $ 249 $ 4 $ 324 $ 2,605 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 52 $ — $ — $ 203 $ — $ — $ 255 Related loan balance 248 1,071 — 287 — 1,234 2,840 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 134 $ 817 $ 1,025 $ 46 $ 4 $ 324 $ 2,350 Related loan balance 12,628 80,496 115,800 14,217 2,090 71,346 296,577 December 31, 2018 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Total Balance, beginning of year $ 214 $ 1,061 $ 774 $ 237 $ 12 $ 291 $ 2,589 Charge-offs (208) (589) (341) — — (13) (1,151) Recoveries 48 2 183 14 — — 247 Provision for loan losses 107 390 372 (10) (8) 5 856 Balance, end of year $ 161 $ 864 $ 988 $ 241 $ 4 $ 283 $ 2,541 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 22 $ — $ — $ 204 $ — $ — $ 226 Related loan balance 138 854 — 204 — 1,054 2,250 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 139 $ 864 $ 988 $ 37 $ 4 $ 283 $ 2,315 Related loan balance 12,933 81,783 116,698 14,080 2,317 69,059 296,870 Management believes the allowance for credit losses is at an appropriate level to absorb inherent probable losses in the portfolio. March 31, March 31, (dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Average loans $ 299,506 $ 273,964 Net charge offs to average loans (annualized) 0.27 % 0.07 % During the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, loans to 19 borrowers and related entities totaling approximately $205,000 were determined to be uncollectible and were charged off. During the three-month period ending March 31, 2018, loans to 7 borrowers and related entities totaling approximately $102,000 were determined to be uncollectible and were charged off. Reserve for Unfunded Commitments . Loan commitments and unused lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Bank generally requires collateral to support financial instruments with credit risk on the same basis as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The collateral requirement is based on management's credit evaluation of the counter party. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer's creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank had outstanding commitments totaling $33.0 million and $24.7 million, respectively. These outstanding commitments consisted of letters of credit, undrawn lines of credit, and other loan commitments. The following table shows the Bank’s reserve for unfunded commitments arising from these transactions: Three Months Ended March 31, (dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Beginning balance $ 35 $ 24 Reduction of unfunded reserve (9) (18) Provisions charged to operations — 6 Ending balance $ 26 $ 12 Contractual Obligations and Commitments. No material changes, outside the normal course of business, have been made during the first quarter 2019. Asset Quality . The following tables set forth the amount of the Bank’s current, past due, and non-accrual loans by categories of loans and restructured loans, at the dates indicated. At March 31, 2019 90 Days or (dollars in thousands) 30-89 Days More and Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total Consumer $ 12,412 $ 152 $ — $ 312 $ 12,876 Residential Real Estate 79,923 387 25 1,232 81,567 Indirect 114,981 633 — 186 115,800 Commercial 14,418 — — 86 14,504 Construction 2,090 — — — 2,090 Commercial Real Estate 69,104 2,830 — 646 72,580 $ 292,928 $ 4,002 $ 25 $ 2,462 $ 299,417 At December 31, 2018 90 Days or (dollars in thousands) 30-89 Days More and Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total Consumer $ 12,669 $ 216 $ — $ 186 $ 13,071 Residential Real Estate 80,923 732 26 956 82,637 Indirect 115,890 692 — 116 116,698 Commercial 14,171 86 — 27 14,284 Construction 2,317 — — — 2,317 Commercial Real Estate 69,451 — — 662 70,113 $ 295,421 $ 1,726 $ 26 $ 1,947 $ 299,120 The balances in the above charts have not been reduced by the allowance for loan loss. For the period ending March 31, 2019, the allowance for loan loss is $2.6 million. For the period ending December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan loss is $2.5 million. At March 31, 2019, there was $0.8 million in loans outstanding that were in an accrual status, but known information about possible credit problems of borrowers caused management to have doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with present loan repayment terms. Such loans consist of loans which were not 90 days or more past due but where the borrower is in bankruptcy or has a history of delinquency, or the loan to value ratio is considered excessive due to deterioration of the collateral or other factors. The three loans outstanding, totaling $1.0 million are as follows: $583,000 Commercial Real Estate loan where the guarantor is in bankruptcy and the loan has an accelerated payoff since we have an assignment of rents from the property which has a very long-term national tenant; and a $202,000 Commercial loan with a loan to value ratio which has deteriorated, which has a complete specific reserve of $202,000. Both of these loans are classified with a risk rating of Substandard. Non-accrual loans with specific reserves at March 31, 2019 are comprised of: Consumer loans – Three loans to three borrowers that totaled $174,870 with specific reserves of $51,9 20 established for the loans. One of these loans totaling $42,831 with a specific reserve in the amount of $16,371 was also a Troubled Debt Restructured loan. Below is a summary of the recorded investment amount and related allowance for losses of the Bank’s impaired loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. March 31, 2019 Unpaid Interest Average (dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Consumer $ 175 $ 175 $ 1 $ 52 $ 223 Commercial 287 287 — 203 289 Total impaired loans with specific reserves 462 462 1 255 512 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Consumer $ 137 $ 137 $ — $ n/a $ 75 Residential Real Estate 1,235 2,004 1 n/a 2,176 Indirect 185 185 — n/a — Commercial Real Estate 1,234 1,544 10 n/a 1,305 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 2,791 $ 3,869 $ 11 — $ 3,556 December 31, 2018 Unpaid Interest Average (dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Consumer $ 89 $ 89 $ 3 $ 22 $ 136 Commercial 204 204 12 204 211 Total impaired loans with specific reserves 294 294 15 226 347 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Consumer $ 96 $ 300 $ 2 n/a $ 50 Residential Real Estate 956 1,545 4 n/a 1,981 Indirect 116 457 — n/a — Commercial Real Estate 1,267 1,267 39 n/a 1,148 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 2,435 $ 3,569 $ 45 — $ 3,179 March 31, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Troubled debt restructured loans $ 245 $ 248 Non-accrual and 90+ days past due and still accruing loans to average loans 0.90 % 0.73 % Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual & 90+ days past due and still accruing loans 104.7 % 128.7 % At March 31, 2019, there were two troubled debt restructured loans consisting of a commercial loan of $202,000 and a consumer loan of $43,000. The consumer loan is in a nonaccrual status. The following table shows the activity for non-accrual loans for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2019. Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Totals December 31, 2017 185 2,124 88 48 318 507 3,270 Transfers into nonaccrual 38 183 160 — — 2,000 2,381 Loans paid down/payoffs (9) (17) (33) — — (17) (76) Loans returned to accrual status — — (37) — — — (37) Loans charged off (63) — (34) — — — (97) March 31, 2018 151 2,290 144 48 318 2,490 5,441 December 31, 2018 186 956 116 27 — 662 1,947 Transfers into nonaccrual 134 571 270 86 — — 1,061 Loans paid down/payoffs (8) (283) (8) — — (16) (315) Loans returned to accrual status — — (19) — — — (19) Loans charged off — (12) (173) (27) — — (212) March 31, 2019 312 1,232 186 86 — 646 2,462 Other Real Estate Owned. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $705,000 in real estate acquired in partial or total satisfaction of debt. All such properties are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair value (net realizable value) at the date acquired and carried on the balance sheet as other real estate owned. Losses arising at the date of acquisition are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent write-downs that may be required and expense of operation are included in noninterest expense. Gains and losses realized from the sale of other real estate owned were included in noninterest income. Credit Quality Information In addition to monitoring the performance status of the loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk rating scale (1-8) to evaluate loan asset quality for all loans. Loans that are rated 1-4 are classified as pass credits. For the pass rated loans, management believes there is a low risk of loss related to these loans and, as necessary, credit may be strengthened through improved borrower performance and/or additional collateral. The Bank’s internal risk ratings are as follows: 1 Superior – minimal risk. (normally supported by pledged deposits, United States government securities, etc.) 2 Above Average - low risk. (all of the risks associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria are minimal) 3 Average – moderately low risk. (most of the risks associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria are minimal) 4 Acceptable – moderate risk. (the weighted overall risk associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria is acceptable) 5 Other Assets Especially Mentioned – moderately high risk. (possesses deficiencies which corrective action by the bank would remedy; potential watch list) 6 Substandard – (the bank is inadequately protected and there exists the distinct possibility of sustaining some loss if not corrected) 7 Doubtful – (weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, improbable) 8 Loss – (of little value; not warranted as a bankable asset) The following tables provides information with respect to the Company's credit quality indicators by loan portfolio segment at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: March 31, 2019 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Total Pass $ 12,564 $ 80,397 $ 115,615 $ 14,217 $ 2,090 $ 71,346 $ 296,229 Special mention — — — — — — — Substandard 312 1,170 67 287 — 1,234 3,070 Doubtful — — 118 — — — 118 Loss — — — — — — — $ 12,876 $ 81,567 $ 115,800 $ 14,504 $ 2,090 $ 72,580 $ 299,417 Nonaccrual $ 312 $ 1,232 $ 186 $ 86 $ — $ 646 $ 2,462 Troubled debt restructures $ 43 $ — $ — $ 202 $ — $ — $ 245 Number of TDRs accounts 1 — — 1 — — 2 Non-performing TDRs $ 43 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 43 Number of non-performing TDR accounts 1 — — — — — 1 December 31, 2018 Residential Commercial (dollars in thousands) Consumer Real Estate Indirect Commercial Construction Real Estate Total Pass $ 12,888 $ 82,111 $ 115,724 $ 14,284 $ 2,317 $ 69,900 $ 297,224 Special mention — 424 645 — — — 1,069 Substandard 183 102 244 — — 213 742 Doubtful — — 85 — — — 85 Loss — — — — — — — $ 13,071 $ 82,637 $ 116,698 $ 14,284 $ 2,317 $ 70,113 $ 299,120 Nonaccrual $ 186 $ 956 $ 116 $ 27 $ — $ 662 $ 1,947 Troubled debt restructures $ 44 $ — $ — $ 204 $ — $ — $ 248 Number of TDRs accounts 1 — — 1 — — 2 Non-performing TDRs $ 44 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 44 Number of non-performing TDR accounts 1 — — — — — 1 |