LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | NOTE 5 – LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The fundamental lending business of the Company is based on understanding, measuring, and controlling the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company's loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk. These risks entail both general risks, which are inherent in the lending process, and risks specific to individual borrowers. The Company's credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type. The Company currently manages its credit products and the respective exposure to loan losses by specific portfolio segments and classes, which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for loan losses. The Company believes each portfolio segment has unique risk characteristics. The Company's loans held for investment is divided into three portfolio segments: loans secured by real estate, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. Each of these segments is further divided into loan classes for purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses. For additional information, including the accounting policies and CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note 2 “Basis of Presentation” and Note 7 “Recent Accounting Pronouncements.” The following table is a summary of loans receivable by loan portfolio segment and class. March 31, December 31, 2021 2020 (dollars in thousands) Amount % Amount % Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 3,174 $ 2,553 Farmland 349 — 350 — Single-family residential 82,820 82,520 Multi-family 6,069 6,105 Commercial 55,723 57,027 Total loans secured by real estate 148,135 148,555 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 9,521 10,800 SBA guaranty 7,192 7,200 Comm SBA PPP 11,244 9,912 Total commercial and industrial loans 27,957 27,912 Consumer Loans Consumer 2,482 3,063 Automobile 68,279 74,242 Total consumer loans 70,761 77,305 Loans, net of deferred fees and costs 246,853 253,772 Less: Allowance for loan losses $ (2,921) $ (1,476) Loans, net 243,932 252,296 The Bank’s net loans totaled $243.9 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $252.3 million at December 31, 2020, a decrease of $8.4 million, or 3.32%. Construction and land loans increased from $2.6 million at December 31, 2020 to $3.2 million at March 31, 2021, a decrease of $0.6 million, or 24.34%. Farmland loans decreased by $0.1 million, or 0.42%, from $0.4 million at December 31, 2020 to $0.3 million at March 31, 2021. Single-family residential loans increased from $82.5 million at December 31, 2020 to $82.8 million at March 31, 2021, an increase of $0.3 million, or 0.36%. Multi-family residential loans were $6.1 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Commercial real estate loans decreased by $1.3 million to $55.7 million at March 31, 2021 from $57.0 million at December 31, 2020, a decrease of 2.29%. Commercial and industrial loans decreased by $1.3 million, or 11.84%, to $9.5 million at March 31, 2021 compared to $10.8 million at December 31, 2021. SBA guaranty loans were $7.2 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Commercial Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan balance was $11.2 million at March 31, 2021 compared to $9.9 million at December 31, 2020, an increase of $1.3 million or 13.44%. This loan type is discussed in “Item 5. Other Information.” Consumer loans decreased by $0.6 million, or 18.97% to $2.5 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $3.1 million at December 31, 2020. Automobile loans decreased from $74.2 million at December 31, 2020 to $68.3 million at March 31, 2021, a decrease of $6.0 million or 8.03%. Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses . Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower to meet his or her obligations and entails both general risks, which are inherent in the process of lending, and risks specific to individual borrowers. Credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type. Residential mortgage and home equity loans and lines generally have the lowest credit loss experience. Loans secured by personal property, such as auto loans, generally experience medium credit losses. Unsecured loan products, such as personal revolving credit, have the highest credit loss experience and for that reason, the Bank has chosen not to engage in a significant amount of this type of lending. Credit risk in commercial lending can vary significantly, as losses as a percentage of outstanding loans can shift widely during economic cycles and are particularly sensitive to changing economic conditions. Generally, improving economic conditions result in improved operating results on the part of commercial customers, enhancing their ability to meet their particular debt service requirements. Improvements, if any, in operating cash flows can be offset by the impact of rising interest rates that may occur during improved economic times. Inconsistent economic conditions may have an adverse effect on the operating results of commercial customers, reducing their ability to meet debt service obligations. On January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASC 326”) which replaces the “incurred loss approach” for estimating credit losses with an expected loss methodology. The incurred loss model delayed the recognition of credit losses until it was probable that a loss had occurred, while the CECL model requires the immediate recognition of expected credit losses over the contractual term for financial instruments that fall within the scope of CECL at the date of origination or purchase of the financial instrument. The CECL model, which is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures, affects the Company’s estimates of the allowance for credit losses for our loan portfolio and the reserve for our off-balance sheet credit exposures related to loan commitments. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. The allowance, based on evaluations of the collectability of loans and prior loan loss experience, is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb possible losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The evaluations are performed for each class of loans and take into consideration factors such as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, value of collateral securing the loans and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay. For example, delinquencies in unsecured loans and indirect automobile installment loans will be reserved for at significantly higher ratios than loans secured by real estate. Finally, the Company considers forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable. Based on that analysis, the Bank deems its allowance for loan losses in proportion to the total nonaccrual loans and past due loans to be sufficient. As a result of the adoption of ASC 326 in the first quarter of 2021, with an effective date of January 1, 2021, there is a lack of comparability in both the allowance and provisions for credit losses for the periods presented. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2021 are presented using the CECL methodology, while comparative period information continues to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss methodology in effect for prior years. Transactions in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020 were as follows: Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans March 31, 2021 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Balance, beginning of year $ 9 $ 2 $ 513 $ 39 $ 218 $ 67 $ 48 $ — $ 11 $ 569 $ 1,476 Impact of ASC 326 adoption 16 9 854 63 199 120 (6) — 46 273 1,574 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — — (81) (81) Recoveries — — 275 — — — — — — 81 356 Provision for loan losses 7 (1) (272) — (8) (19) (1) — (11) (99) (404) Balance, end of quarter $ 32 $ 10 $ 1,370 $ 102 $ 409 $ 168 $ 41 $ — $ 46 $ 743 $ 2,921 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ — $ 11 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 11 Related loan balance — — 38 — — — — — — — 38 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 32 $ 10 $ 1,359 $ 102 $ 409 $ 168 $ 41 $ — $ 46 $ 743 $ 2,910 Related loan balance 3,174 349 82,782 6,069 55,723 9,521 7,192 11,244 2,482 68,279 246,815 Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2020 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Balance, beginning of year $ 24 $ 2 $ 849 $ 40 $ 241 $ 69 $ 25 $ — $ 11 $ 805 $ 2,066 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — — (392) (392) Recoveries — — 266 — — 20 — — 6 199 491 Provision for loan losses (15) — (602) (1) (23) (22) 23 — (6) (43) (689) Balance, end of the year $ 9 $ 2 $ 513 $ 39 $ 218 $ 67 $ 48 $ — $ 11 $ 569 $ 1,476 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 11 $ — $ 11 Related loan balance — — 132 — — 4,493 — — 39 — 4,664 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 9 $ 2 $ 513 $ 39 $ 218 $ 67 $ 48 $ — $ — $ 569 $ 1,465 Related loan balance 2,553 350 82,388 6,105 57,027 6,307 7,200 9,912 3,024 74,242 249,108 March 31, March 31, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Average loans $ 248,920 $ 281,335 Net charge offs to average loans (annualized) (0.44) % 0.10 % During the three-month period ended March 31, 2021, loans to 8 borrowers and related entities totaling approximately $81,000 were determined to be uncollectible and were charged off. During the three-month period ending March 31, 2020, loans to 14 borrowers and related entities totaling approximately $125,000 were determined to be uncollectible and were charged off. Reserve for Unfunded Commitments . Loan commitments and unused lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Bank generally requires collateral to support financial instruments with credit risk on the same basis as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The collateral requirement is based on management's credit evaluation of the counter party. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer's creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. As of March 31, 2021, and 2020, the Bank had outstanding commitments totaling $31.8 million and $31.2 million, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the expected lifetime credit losses on off-balance sheet obligations such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws, including the effects of risk mitigation actions, and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio class. The following table shows the Bank’s reserve for unfunded commitments arising from these transactions: Three Months Ended Ended March 31, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Beginning balance $ 33 $ 37 Impact of ASC 326 adoption 457 — Reduction of unfunded reserve (12) — Provisions charged to operations — 13 Ending balance $ 478 $ 50 Contractual Obligations and Commitments. No material changes, outside the normal course of business, have been made during the first quarter of 2021. Asset Quality . The following tables set forth the amount of the Bank’s current, past due, and non-accrual loans by categories of loans and restructured loans, at the dates indicated. At March 31, 2021 90 Days or (dollars in thousands) 30-89 Days More and Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 3,174 $ — $ — $ — $ 3,174 Farmland 349 — — — 349 Single-family residential 82,616 51 16 137 82,820 Multi-family 6,069 — — — 6,069 Commercial 51,212 345 — 4,166 55,723 Total loans secured by real estate 143,420 396 16 4,303 148,135 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 9,521 — — — 9,521 SBA guaranty 7,192 — — — 7,192 Comm SBA PPP 11,244 — — — 11,244 Total commercial and industrial loans 27,957 — — — 27,957 Consumer Loans Consumer 2,481 1 — — 2,482 Automobile 67,919 221 — 139 68,279 Total consumer loans 70,400 222 — 139 70,761 $ 241,777 $ 618 $ 16 $ 4,442 $ 246,853 At December 31, 2020 90 Days or (dollars in thousands) 30-89 Days More and Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 2,553 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,553 Farmland 350 — — — 350 Single-family residential 82,232 — 18 270 82,520 Multi-family 6,105 — — — 6,105 Commercial 52,245 753 — 4,029 57,027 Total loans secured by real estate 143,485 753 18 4,299 148,555 Commercial and Industrial — Commercial and industrial 10,800 — — — 10,800 SBA guaranty 7,200 — — — 7,200 Comm SBA PPP 9,912 — — — 9,912 Total commercial and industrial loans 27,912 — — — 27,912 Consumer Loans — Consumer 3,028 1 — 34 3,063 Automobile 73,551 512 — 179 74,242 Total consumer loans 76,579 513 — 213 77,305 $ 247,976 $ 1,266 $ 18 $ 4,512 $ 253,772 The balances in the above charts have not been reduced by the allowance for credit losses. For the period ending March 31, 2021, the allowance for loan loss is $2.9 million. For the period ending December 31, 2020, the allowance for loan loss is $1.5 million. Non-accrual loans with specific reserves at March 31, 2021 are comprised of: Consumer loans – One loan to one borrower that totaled $37,961 with specific reserves of $10,589 established for the loan, which was also a troubled debt restructured loan. Below is a summary of the recorded investment amount and related allowance for losses of the Bank’s impaired loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. March 31, 2021 Unpaid Interest Average (dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — Single-family residential 27 38 1 11 49 Multi-family — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Total loans secured by real estate 27 38 1 11 49 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — SBA guaranty — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Total consumer loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 27 $ 38 $ 1 $ 11 $ 49 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ n/a $ — Farmland — — — n/a — Single-family residential 99 99 — n/a 100 Multi-family — — — n/a — Commercial 4,166 4,166 286 n/a 4,777 Total loans secured by real estate 4,265 4,265 286 — 4,877 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — n/a — SBA guaranty — — — n/a — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer — — — n/a — Automobile 139 139 2 n/a 149 Total consumer loans 139 139 2 n/a 149 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 4,404 $ 4,404 $ 288 $ — $ 5,027 December 31, 2020 Unpaid Interest Average (dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — Single-family residential 28 39 2 11 50 Multi-family — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Total loans secured by real estate 28 39 2 11 50 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — SBA guaranty — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Total consumer loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 28 $ 39 $ 2 $ 11 $ 50 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ n/a $ — Farmland — — — n/a — Single-family residential 171 322 — n/a 544 Multi-family — — — n/a — Commercial 4,493 4,493 185 n/a 4,315 Total loans secured by real estate 4,664 4,815 185 — 4,859 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — n/a — SBA guaranty — — — n/a — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer 34 34 4 n/a 43 Automobile 178 178 10 n/a 227 Total consumer loans 212 212 14 n/a 270 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 4,876 $ 5,027 $ 199 $ — $ 5,129 March 31, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Troubled debt restructured loans $ 38 $ 39 Non-accrual and 90+ days past due and still accruing loans to average loans 1.79 % 1.63 % Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual & 90+ days past due and still accruing loans 65.5 % 32.6 % At March 31, 2021, there was one troubled debt restructured loan consisting of a consumer loan in the amount of $37,961. The consumer loan is in a nonaccrual status. The following table shows the activity for non-accrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2021. Loans Secured By Real Estate Consumer Loans Single-family (dollars in thousands) Residential Multi-family Commercial Consumer Automobile Total December 31, 2019 $ 790 $ 24 $ 3,139 $ 51 $ 123 $ 4,127 Transfers into nonaccrual — — — — 177 177 Loans paid down/payoffs (11) (4) (32) (5) (22) (74) Loans returned to accrual status — — — — (17) (17) Loans charged off — — — — (125) (125) March 31, 2020 $ 779 $ 20 $ 3,107 $ 46 $ 136 $ 4,088 December 31, 2020 $ 270 $ — $ 4,029 $ 34 $ 179 $ 4,512 Transfers into nonaccrual — — 574 — 69 643 Loans paid down/payoffs (133) — (437) (1) (27) (598) Loans returned to accrual status $ — $ — $ — $ (33) $ — $ (33) Loans charged off — — — — (82) (82) March 31, 2021 $ 137 $ — $ 4,166 $ — $ 139 $ 4,442 Other Real Estate Owned. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $575,000 in real estate acquired in partial or total satisfaction of debt. All such properties are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair value (net realizable value) at the date acquired and carried on the balance sheet as other real estate owned. Losses arising at the date of acquisition are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent write-downs that may be required and expense of operation are included in noninterest expense. Gains and losses realized from the sale of other real estate owned were included in noninterest income. Credit Quality Information In addition to monitoring the performance status of the loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk rating scale (1-8) to evaluate loan asset quality for all loans. Loans that are rated 1-4 are classified as pass credits. For the pass rated loans, management believes there is a low risk of loss related to these loans and, as necessary, credit may be strengthened through improved borrower performance and/or additional collateral. The Bank’s internal risk ratings are as follows: 1 Superior – minimal risk. (normally supported by pledged deposits, United States government securities, etc.) 2 Above Average - low risk. (all of the risks associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria are minimal) 3 Average – moderately low risk. (most of the risks associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria are minimal) 4 Acceptable – moderate risk. (the weighted overall risk associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria is acceptable) 5 Other Assets Especially Mentioned – moderately high risk. (possesses deficiencies which corrective action by the bank would remedy; potential watch list) 6 Substandard – (the bank is inadequately protected and there exists the distinct possibility of sustaining some loss if not corrected) 7 Doubtful – (weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, improbable) 8 Loss – (of little value; not warranted as a bankable asset) The following tables provides information with respect to the Company's credit quality indicators by loan portfolio segment at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020: Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans March 31, 2021 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Pass $ 3,174 $ 349 $ 82,721 $ 6,069 $ 51,557 $ 9,521 $ 7,192 $ 11,244 $ 2,482 $ 68,140 $ 242,449 Special mention — — — — 559 — — — — — 559 Substandard — — 99 — 3,607 — — — — 88 3,794 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — 51 51 Loss — — — — — — — — — — — $ 3,174 $ 349 $ 82,820 $ 6,069 $ 55,723 $ 9,521 $ 7,192 $ 11,244 $ 2,482 $ 68,279 $ 246,853 Nonaccrual $ — $ — $ 137 $ — $ 4,166 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 139 $ 4,442 Troubled debt restructures $ — $ — $ 38 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 38 Number of TDRs accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Non-performing TDRs $ — $ — $ 38 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Number of non-performing TDR accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2020 Construction Singlefamily Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multifamily Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Pass $ 2,553 $ 350 $ 82,310 $ 6,105 $ 52,534 $ 10,800 $ 7,200 $ 9,912 $ 3,030 $ 74,064 $ 248,858 Special mention — — — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 210 — 4,493 — — — 33 62 4,798 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — 116 116 Loss — — — — — — — — — — — $ 2,553 $ 350 $ 82,520 $ 6,105 $ 57,027 $ 10,800 $ 7,200 $ 9,912 $ 3,063 $ 74,242 $ 253,772 Nonaccrual $ — $ — $ 270 $ — $ 4,029 $ — $ — $ — $ 34 $ 179 $ 4,512 Troubled debt restructures $ — $ — $ 39 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 39 Number of TDRs accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Non-performing TDRs $ — $ — $ 39 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ $ — $ 39 Number of non-performing TDR accounts — — 1 — — — — — 1 — 1 |