LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | NOTE 5 – LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The fundamental lending business of the Company is based on understanding, measuring, and controlling the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company's loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk. These risks entail both general risks, which are inherent in the lending process, and risks specific to individual borrowers. The Company's credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type. The Company currently manages its credit products and the respective exposure to loan losses by specific portfolio segments and classes, which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses. The Company believes each portfolio segment has unique risk characteristics. The Company's loans held for investment is divided into three portfolio segments: loans secured by real estate, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. Each of these segments is further divided into loan classes for purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses. For additional information, including the accounting policies and CECL methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses, see Note 2 “Basis of Presentation” and Note 7 “Recent Accounting Pronouncements.” The following table is a summary of loans receivable by loan portfolio segment and class. September 30, December 31, 2021 2020 (dollars in thousands) Amount % Amount % Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 3,662 2 $ 2,553 1 Farmland 345 — 350 — Single-family residential 79,049 36 82,520 33 Multi-family 5,846 3 6,105 2 Commercial 55,160 25 57,027 23 Total loans secured by real estate 144,062 148,555 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 10,078 4 10,800 4 SBA guaranty 6,930 3 7,200 3 Comm SBA PPP 2,571 1 9,912 4 Total commercial and industrial loans 19,579 27,912 Consumer Loans Consumer 2,398 1 3,063 1 Automobile 58,635 25 74,242 29 Total consumer loans 61,033 77,305 Loans, net of deferred fees and costs 224,674 100 253,772 100 Less: Allowance for credit losses $ (2,790) $ (1,476) Loans, net 221,884 252,296 The Bank’s net loans totaled . Construction and land loans increased from . Farmland loans decreased by $ million on September 30, 2021. Single-family residential loans decreased from %. Multi-family residential loans were %. Commercial real estate loans decreased $ million on December 31, 2020. Commercial and industrial loans decreased by $ million on December 31, 2020. SBA guaranty loans were million at December 31, 2020. The Commercial Small Business Administration (SBA) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan balance was %. Consumer loans decreased by million on December 31, 2020. Automobile loans decreased from Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses . Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower to meet his or her obligations and entails both general risks, which are inherent in the process of lending, and risks specific to individual borrowers. Credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type. Residential mortgage and home equity loans and lines generally have the lowest credit loss experience. Loans secured by personal property, such as auto loans, generally experience medium credit losses. Unsecured loan products, such as personal revolving credit, have the highest credit loss experience and for that reason, the Bank has chosen not to engage in a significant amount of this type of lending. Credit risk in commercial lending can vary significantly, as losses as a percentage of outstanding loans can shift widely during economic cycles and are particularly sensitive to changing economic conditions. Generally, improving economic conditions result in improved operating results on the part of commercial customers, enhancing their ability to meet their particular debt service requirements. Improvements, if any, in operating cash flows can be offset by the impact of rising interest rates that may occur during improved economic times. Inconsistent economic conditions may have an adverse effect on the operating results of commercial customers, reducing their ability to meet debt service obligations. On January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASC 326”) which replaces the “incurred loss approach” for estimating credit losses with an expected loss methodology. The incurred loss model delayed the recognition of credit losses until it was probable that a loss had occurred, while the CECL model requires the immediate recognition of expected credit losses over the contractual term for financial instruments that fall within the scope of CECL at the date of origination or purchase of the financial instrument. The CECL model, which is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures, affects the Company’s estimates of the allowance for credit losses for our loan portfolio and the reserve for our off-balance sheet credit exposures related to loan commitments. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. The allowance, based on all available information from internal and external sources, relevant to assessing the collectability of loans over their contractual terms, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate, is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb possible losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The evaluations are performed for each class of loans and take into consideration factors such as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, value of collateral securing the loans and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay. For example, delinquencies in unsecured loans and indirect automobile installment loans will be reserved for at significantly higher ratios than loans secured by real estate. Finally, the Company considers forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable. Based on that analysis, the Bank deems its allowance for loan losses in proportion to the total nonaccrual loans and past due loans to be sufficient. As a result of the adoption of ASC 326 in the first quarter of 2021, with an effective date of January 1, 2021, there is a lack of comparability in both the allowance and provisions for credit losses for the periods presented. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2021 are presented using the CECL methodology, while comparative period information continues to be reported in accordance with the incurred loss methodology in effect for prior years. Transactions in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020 were as follows: Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans September 30, 2021 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Balance, beginning of year $ 9 $ 2 $ 513 $ 39 $ 218 $ 67 $ 48 $ — $ 11 $ 569 $ 1,476 Impact of ASC 326 adoption 16 9 854 63 199 120 (6) — 46 273 1,574 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — (3) (190) (193) Recoveries — — 346 — — — — — — 180 526 Provision for loan losses 18 — (544) 3 11 (21) (3) — 18 (75) (593) Balance, end of quarter $ 43 $ 11 $ 1,169 $ 105 $ 428 $ 166 $ 39 $ — $ 72 $ 757 $ 2,790 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ — $ 10 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10 Related loan balance — — 37 — 2,124 — — — — — 2,161 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 43 $ 11 $ 1,159 $ 105 $ 428 $ 166 $ 39 $ — $ 72 $ 757 $ 2,780 Related loan balance 3,662 345 79,012 5,846 53,036 10,078 6,930 2,571 2,398 58,635 222,513 Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2020 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Balance, beginning of year $ 24 $ 2 $ 849 $ 40 $ 241 $ 69 $ 25 $ — $ 11 $ 805 $ 2,066 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — — (392) (392) Recoveries — — 266 — — 20 — — 6 199 491 Provision for loan losses (15) — (602) (1) (23) (22) 23 — (6) (43) (689) Balance, end of the year $ 9 $ 2 $ 513 $ 39 $ 218 $ 67 $ 48 $ — $ 11 $ 569 $ 1,476 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 11 $ — $ 11 Related loan balance — — 132 — — 4,493 — — 39 — 4,664 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 9 $ 2 $ 513 $ 39 $ 218 $ 67 $ 48 $ — $ — $ 569 $ 1,465 Related loan balance 2,553 350 82,388 6,105 57,027 6,307 7,200 9,912 3,024 74,242 249,108 September 30, September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Average loans $ 239,492 $ 281,773 Net charge offs to average loans (annualized) (0.19) % 0.07 % During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, loans to 20 borrowers and related entities totaling approximately $193,000 were determined to be uncollectible and were charged off. During the nine-month period ending September 30, 2020, loans to 30 borrowers and related entities totaling approximately $277,000 were determined to be uncollectible and were charged off. Reserve for Unfunded Commitments . Loan commitments and unused lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Bank generally requires collateral to support financial instruments with credit risk on the same basis as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The collateral requirement is based on management's credit evaluation of the counter party. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer's creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. As of September 30, 2021, and 2020, the Bank had outstanding commitments totaling $30.6 million and $33.1 million, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the expected lifetime credit losses on off-balance sheet obligations such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is determined by estimating future draws, including the effects of risk mitigation actions, and applying the expected loss rates on those draws. Loss rates are estimated by utilizing the same loss rates calculated for the allowance for credit losses related to the respective loan portfolio class. The following table shows the Bank’s reserve for unfunded commitments arising from these transactions: Nine Months Ended Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Beginning balance $ 33 $ 37 Impact of ASC 326 adoption 457 (8) Reduction of unfunded reserve (34) — Provisions charged to operations — — Ending balance $ 456 $ 29 Contractual Obligations and Commitments. No material changes, outside the normal course of business, have been made during the third quarter of 2021. Asset Quality . The following tables set forth the amount of the Bank’s current, past due, and non-accrual loans by categories of loans and restructured loans, at the dates indicated. At September 30, 2021 90 Days or (dollars in thousands) 30-89 Days More and Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 3,662 $ — $ — $ — $ 3,662 Farmland 345 — — — 345 Single-family residential 78,804 98 15 132 79,049 Multi-family 5,846 — — — 5,846 Commercial 52,708 — — 2,452 55,160 Total loans secured by real estate 141,365 98 15 2,584 144,062 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 10,078 — — — 10,078 SBA guaranty 6,859 — — 71 6,930 Comm SBA PPP 2,571 — — — 2,571 Total commercial and industrial loans 19,508 — — 71 19,579 Consumer Loans Consumer 2,398 — — — 2,398 Automobile 58,057 452 — 126 58,635 Total consumer loans 60,455 452 — 126 61,033 $ 221,328 $ 550 $ 15 $ 2,781 $ 224,674 At December 31, 2020 90 Days or (dollars in thousands) 30-89 Days More and Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 2,553 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,553 Farmland 350 — — — 350 Single-family residential 81,057 1,175 18 270 82,520 Multi-family 6,105 — — — 6,105 Commercial 52,424 574 — 4,029 57,027 Total loans secured by real estate 142,489 1,749 18 4,299 148,555 Commercial and Industrial — Commercial and industrial 10,800 — — — 10,800 SBA guaranty 7,200 — — — 7,200 Comm SBA PPP 9,912 — — — 9,912 Total commercial and industrial loans 27,912 — — — 27,912 Consumer Loans — Consumer 3,029 — — 34 3,063 Automobile 73,611 452 — 179 74,242 Total consumer loans 76,640 452 — 213 77,305 0 $ 247,041 $ 2,201 $ 18 $ 4,512 $ 253,772 The balances in the above charts have not been reduced by the allowance for credit losses. For the period ending September 30, 2021, the allowance for credit loss is million. For the period ending December 31, 2020, the allowance for loan loss is Non-accrual loans with specific reserves at September 30, 2021 are comprised of: Single–family residential established for the loan. This loan was also a troubled debt restructured loan. Below is a summary of the recorded investment amount and related allowance for losses of the Bank’s impaired loans at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. September 30, 2021 Unpaid Interest Average (dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — Single-family residential 27 37 1 10 49 Multi-family — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Total loans secured by real estate 27 37 1 10 49 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — SBA guaranty — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Total consumer loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 27 $ 37 $ 1 $ 10 $ 49 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ n/a $ — Farmland — — — n/a — Single-family residential 95 95 1 n/a 99 Multi-family — — — n/a — Commercial 2,452 2,452 333 n/a 2,901 Total loans secured by real estate 2,547 2,547 334 — 3,000 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — n/a — SBA guaranty 71 71 1 n/a 71 Total commercial and industrial loans 71 71 1 — 71 Consumer Loans Consumer — — — n/a — Automobile 126 126 5 n/a 149 Total consumer loans 126 126 5 n/a 149 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 2,744 $ 2,744 $ 340 $ — $ 3,220 December 31, 2020 Unpaid Interest Average (dollars in thousands) Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — Single-family residential 27 38 2 11 50 Multi-family — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Total loans secured by real estate 27 38 2 11 50 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — SBA guaranty — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Total consumer loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 27 $ 38 $ 2 $ 11 $ 50 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ n/a $ — Farmland — — — n/a — Single-family residential 232 232 — n/a 544 Multi-family — — — n/a — Commercial 4,493 4,493 185 n/a 4,315 Total loans secured by real estate 4,725 4,725 185 — 4,859 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — n/a — SBA guaranty — — — n/a — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer 34 34 4 n/a 43 Automobile 117 117 10 n/a 227 Total consumer loans 151 151 14 n/a 270 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 4,876 $ 4,876 $ 199 $ — $ 5,129 September 30, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Troubled debt restructured loans $ 37 $ 39 Non-accrual and 90+ days past due and still accruing loans to average loans 1.17 % 1.63 % Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual & 90+ days past due and still accruing loans 99.6 % 32.6 % At September 30, 2021, there was one troubled debt restructured loan consisting of a single-family residential loan in the amount of $36,532 . This loan is in a nonaccrual status. The following table shows the activity for non-accrual loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021. Commercial and Loans Secured By Real Estate Industrial Loans Consumer Loans Single-family (dollars in thousands) Residential Multi-family Commercial SBA Guaranty Consumer Automobile Total December 31, 2019 $ 790 $ 24 $ 3,139 $ — $ 51 $ 123 $ 4,127 Transfers into nonaccrual 64 — 1,619 — — 434 2,117 Loans paid down/payoffs (239) (16) (100) — (7) (47) (409) Loans returned to accrual status — — (577) — — (17) (594) Loans charged off — — — — — (277) (277) September 30, 2020 $ 615 $ 8 $ 4,081 $ — $ 44 $ 216 $ 4,964 December 31, 2020 $ 270 $ — $ 4,029 $ — $ 34 $ 179 $ 4,512 Transfers into nonaccrual — — 920 71 1 204 1,196 Loans paid down/payoffs (138) — (1,881) — (1) (68) (2,088) Loans returned to accrual status — — (616) — (34) — (650) Loans charged off — — — — — (189) (189) September 30, 2021 $ 132 $ — $ 2,452 $ 71 $ — $ 126 $ 2,781 Other Real Estate Owned. in real estate acquired in partial or total satisfaction of debt at December 31, 2020. All such properties are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair value (net realizable value) at the date acquired and carried on the balance sheet as other real estate owned. Losses arising at the date of acquisition are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent write-downs that may be required and expense of operation are included in noninterest expense. Gains and losses realized from the sale of other real estate owned were included in noninterest income. In June of 2021 the property was sold for $589,000 and resulted in a gain on the sale of other real estate owned property in the amount of $14,000 . At September 30, 2021 the Company had no real estate acquired in partial or total satisfaction of debt. Credit Quality Information In addition to monitoring the performance status of the loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk rating scale (1-8) to evaluate loan asset quality for all loans. Loans that are rated 1-4 are classified as pass credits. For the pass rated loans, management believes there is a low risk of loss related to these loans and, as necessary, credit may be strengthened through improved borrower performance and/or additional collateral. The Bank’s internal risk ratings are as follows: 1 Superior – minimal risk. (normally supported by pledged deposits, United States government securities, etc.) 2 Above Average - low risk. (all of the risks associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria are minimal) 3 Average – moderately low risk. (most of the risks associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria are minimal) 4 Acceptable – moderate risk. (the weighted overall risk associated with this credit based on each of the bank’s creditworthiness criteria is acceptable) 5 Other Assets Especially Mentioned – moderately high risk. (possesses deficiencies which corrective action by the bank would remedy, potential watch list) 6 Substandard – (the bank is inadequately protected and there exists the distinct possibility of sustaining some loss if not corrected) 7 Doubtful – (weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, improbable) 8 Loss – (of little value; not warranted as a bankable asset) The following tables provides information with respect to the Company's credit quality indicators by loan portfolio segment on September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020: Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans September 30, 2021 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Pass $ 3,662 $ 345 $ 78,917 $ 5,846 $ 52,708 $ 10,078 $ 6,859 $ 2,571 $ 2,398 $ 58,509 $ 221,893 Special mention — — — — — — — — — 5 5 Substandard — — 132 — 2,452 — 71 — — 42 2,697 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — 79 79 Loss — — — — — — — — — — — $ 3,662 $ 345 $ 79,049 $ 5,846 $ 55,160 $ 10,078 $ 6,930 $ 2,571 $ 2,398 $ 58,635 $ 224,674 Nonaccrual $ — $ — $ 132 $ — $ 2,452 $ — $ 71 $ — $ — $ 126 $ 2,781 Troubled debt restructures $ — $ — $ 37 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 37 Number of TDRs accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Non-performing TDRs $ — $ — $ 37 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 37 Number of non-performing TDR accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2020 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Pass $ 2,553 $ 350 $ 82,310 $ 6,105 $ 52,534 $ 10,800 $ 7,200 $ 9,912 $ 3,030 $ 74,064 $ 248,858 Special mention — — — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 210 — 4,493 — — — 33 62 4,798 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — 116 116 Loss — — — — — — — — — — — $ 2,553 $ 350 $ 82,520 $ 6,105 $ 57,027 $ 10,800 $ 7,200 $ 9,912 $ 3,063 $ 74,242 $ 253,772 Nonaccrual $ — $ — $ 270 $ — $ 4,029 $ — $ — $ — $ 34 $ 179 $ 4,512 Troubled debt restructures $ — $ — $ 39 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 39 Number of TDRs accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Non-performing TDRs $ — $ — $ 39 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 39 Number of non-performing TDR accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 |