Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans | Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans The following table sets forth the Company's gross loans by major categories as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 4,499 $ 4,087 Farmland 333 342 Single-family residential 80,251 78,119 Multi-family 5,304 5,428 Commercial 42,936 48,729 Total loans secured by real estate 133,323 136,705 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 8,990 10,003 SBA guaranty 6,158 6,397 Comm SBA PPP — 1,047 Total commercial and industrial loans 15,148 17,447 Consumer Loans Consumer 1,521 2,090 Automobile 36,448 54,150 Total consumer loans 37,969 56,240 Loans, net of deferred fees and costs 186,440 210,392 Less: Allowance for credit losses (2,162) (2,470) Loans, net $ 184,278 $ 207,922 The Company currently manages its credit products and the respective exposure to credit losses by specific portfolio segments and classes, which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses. The Company believes each portfolio segment has unique risk characteristics. The Company's loans held for investment is divided into three portfolio segments: loans secured by real estate, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. Each of these segments is further divided into loan classes for purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses. The Bank has an automotive indirect lending program where loans, collateralized by vehicles, made by car dealers to consumers are acquired by the Bank. The Bank’s indirect loan group included million of such loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Bank makes loans to customers located primarily in Anne Arundel County and surrounding areas of Central Maryland. Although the loan portfolio is diversified, its performance will be influenced by the economy of the region. Included in loans are loans due from directors, and other related parties of $0 at December 31, 2022, and 2021. These loans are made on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable loans with unrelated borrowers. The Board of Directors approves loans to directors, and other related parties to confirm that collateral requirements, terms and rates are comparable to other borrowers and are in compliance with underwriting policies. The following presents the activity in amount due from directors and other related parties for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Balance at beginning of year $ — $ 276 Additions 1,078 90 Repayments (1,078) (366) Balance at end of year $ — $ — Allowance for Credit Losses Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans. Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower to meet his or her obligations and entails both general risks, which are inherent in the process of lending, and risks specific to individual borrowers. Credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type. Residential mortgage and home equity loans and lines generally have the lowest credit loss experience. Loans secured by personal property, such as auto loans, generally experience medium credit losses. Unsecured loan products, such as personal revolving credit, have the highest credit loss experience and for that reason, the Bank has chosen not to engage in a significant amount of this type of lending. Credit risk in commercial lending can vary significantly, as losses as a percentage of outstanding loans can shift widely during economic cycles and are particularly sensitive to changing economic conditions. Generally, improving economic conditions result in improved operating results on the part of commercial customers, enhancing their ability to meet their particular debt service requirements. Improvements, if any, in operating cash flows can be offset by the impact of rising interest rates that may occur during improved economic times. Inconsistent economic conditions may have an adverse effect on the operating results of commercial customers, reducing their ability to meet debt service obligations. On January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASC 326”) which replaces the “incurred loss approach” for estimating credit losses with an expected loss methodology. The incurred loss model delayed the recognition of credit losses until it was probable that a loss had occurred, while the CECL model requires the immediate recognition of expected credit losses over the contractual term for financial instruments that fall within the scope of CECL at the date of origination or purchase of the financial instrument. The CECL model, which is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures, affects the Company’s estimates of the allowance for credit losses for our loan portfolio and the reserve for our off-balance sheet credit exposures related to loan commitments. The allowance for credit losses - loans is established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for credit losses - loans when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. The allowance, based on all available information from internal and external sources, relevant to assessing the collectability of loans over their contractual terms, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate, is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb possible losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The evaluations are performed for each class of loans and take into consideration factors such as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, value of collateral securing the loans and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay. For example, delinquencies in unsecured loans and indirect automobile installment loans will be reserved for at significantly higher ratios than loans secured by real estate. Finally, the Company considers forecasts about future economic conditions or changes in collateral values that are reasonable and supportable. Based on that analysis, the Bank deems its allowance for credit losses - loans in proportion to the total nonaccrual loans and past due loans to be sufficient. The following table presents the total allowance by loan segment: Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2022 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Balance, beginning of year $ 5 $ 11 $ 1,357 $ 105 $ 278 $ 115 $ 30 $ — $ 36 $ 533 $ 2,470 Charge-offs — — — — — (200) (9) — (14) (169) (392) Recoveries — — — — — — — — 8 188 196 Release for credit losses 39 9 (127) (2) (57) 259 1 — (7) (227) (112) Balance, end of year $ 44 $ 20 $ 1,230 $ 103 $ 221 $ 174 $ 22 $ — $ 23 $ 325 $ 2,162 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ — $ 20 $ — $ — $ 59 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 79 Related loan balance — — 34 — — 300 — — — — 334 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 44 $ 20 $ 1,210 $ 103 $ 221 $ 115 $ 22 $ — $ 23 $ 325 $ 2,083 Related loan balance 4,499 333 80,217 5,304 42,936 8,690 6,158 — 1,521 36,448 186,106 Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2021 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Balance, beginning of year $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Impact of ASC 326 adoption 16 9 854 63 199 120 (6) — 46 273 1,574 Charge-offs — — — — — — — — (2) (251) (253) Recoveries — — 408 — — — — — — 240 648 Release for credit losses (11) — 95 43 79 (6) 36 — (8) 271 (975) Balance, end of year $ 5 $ 11 $ 1,357 $ 105 $ 278 $ 115 $ 30 $ — $ 36 $ 533 $ 2,470 Individually evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ — $ — $ 10 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10 Related loan balance — — 36 — — — — — — — 36 Collectively evaluated for impairment: Balance in allowance $ 5 $ 11 $ 1,347 $ 105 $ 278 $ 115 $ 30 $ — $ 36 $ 533 $ 2,460 Related loan balance 4,087 342 78,083 5,428 48,729 10,003 6,397 1,047 2,090 54,150 210,356 Management believes the allowance for credit losses is at an appropriate level to absorb inherent probable losses in the portfolio. The following table rolls forward the Company’s activity for nonaccrual loans during the years 2022 and 2021: Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans Single-family Commercial Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty Consumer Automobile Total (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020 $ 270 $ — $ 4,029 $ — $ — $ 34 $ 179 $ 4,512 Transfers into nonaccrual 920 71 1 291 1,283 Loans paid down/payoffs (147) $ — (3,987) $ — $ — (1) (83) (4,218) Loans returned to accrual status — — (962) — — (34) — (996) Loans charged off — — — — — — (243) (243) December 31, 2021 $ 123 $ — $ — $ — $ 71 $ — $ 144 $ 338 Transfers into nonaccrual 31 — 502 — 11 207 751 Loans paid down/payoffs (50) $ — — (3) $ (61) (11) (105) (230) Loans returned to accrual status — — — — — — (29) (29) Loans charged off — — — (200) (10) — (132) (342) December 31, 2022 $ 104 $ — $ — $ 299 $ — $ — $ 85 $ 488 Credit Quality Information In addition to monitoring the performance status of the loan portfolio, the Company utilizes a risk rating scale (1-8) to evaluate loan asset quality for all loans. Loans that are rated 1-4 are classified as “pass” credits. For the pass rated loans, management believes there is a low risk of loss related to these loans and as necessary, credit may be strengthened through improved borrower performance and/or additional collateral. Loans rated a 5 (Special Mention) are pass credits, but are loans that have been identified that warrant additional attention and monitoring and represent “criticized” assets. Loans rated a 6 (Substandard) or higher are considered “criticized” loans and represent an increased level of credit risk. The use and application of these risk ratings by the Bank conform to the Bank's policy and regulatory definitions. The Bank’s internal risk ratings are as follows: 1 – 4 (Pass) - Pass credits are loans in grades “superior” through “acceptable”. These are at least considered to be credits with acceptable risks and would be granted in the normal course of lending operations. 5 (Special Mention) - Special mention credits have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credits or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. If weaknesses cannot be identified, classifying as special mention is not appropriate. Special mention credits are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification. No apparent loss of principal or interest is expected. 6 (Substandard) - Substandard credits are inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. Financial statements normally reveal some or all of the following: poor trends, lack of earnings and cash flow, excessive debt, lack of liquidity, and the absence of creditor protection. Credits so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. 7 (Doubtful) - A doubtful credit has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans. Doubtful classification for an entire credit should be avoided when collection of a specific portion appears highly probable with the adequately secured portion graded Substandard. In the normal course of loan portfolio management, loan originators are responsible for continuous assessment of credit risk arising from the individual borrowers within their portfolio and assigning appropriate risk ratings. Credit Administration is responsible for ensuring the integrity and operation of the risk rating system and maintenance of the watch list. The Bank contracts with an independent third party loan review firm that reviews and validates the internal credit risk program on an annual basis. Results of these reviews are presented to the Audit Committee for approval and then to management for implementation. The loan review process compliments and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by the lenders and credit personnel as well as the Bank’s policies and procedures. The following table provides information with respect to the Company's risk ratings by loan portfolio segment: Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2022 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Pass $ 4,499 $ 333 $ 80,147 $ 5,304 $ 42,936 $ 8,691 $ 6,158 $ — $ 1,521 $ 36,363 $ 185,952 Special mention — — — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 104 — — 299 — — — 80 483 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — 5 5 Loss — — — — — — — — — — — $ 4,499 $ 333 $ 80,251 $ 5,304 $ 42,936 $ 8,990 $ 6,158 $ — $ 1,521 $ 36,448 $ 186,440 Nonaccrual $ — $ — $ 104 $ — $ — $ 299 $ — $ — $ — $ 85 $ 488 Troubled debt restructures $ — $ — $ 34 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 34 Number of TDRs accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Non-performing TDRs $ — $ — $ 34 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 34 Number of non-performing TDR accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Loans Secured By Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Loans Consumer Loans December 31, 2021 Construction Single-family Commercial Commercial (dollars in thousands) and Land Farmland Residential Multi-family Commercial and Industrial SBA Guaranty SBA PPP Consumer Automobile Total Pass $ 4,072 $ 342 $ 77,996 $ 5,428 $ 45,307 $ 10,003 $ 6,326 $ 1,047 $ 2,084 $ 54,006 $ 206,611 Special mention 15 — — — 3,422 — — — 6 4 3,447 Substandard — — 123 — — — 71 — — 50 244 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — 90 90 Loss — — — — — — — — — — — $ 4,087 $ 342 $ 78,119 $ 5,428 $ 48,729 $ 10,003 $ 6,397 $ 1,047 $ 2,090 $ 54,150 $ 210,392 Nonaccrual $ — $ — $ 123 $ — $ — $ — $ 71 $ — $ — $ 144 $ 338 Troubled debt restructures $ — $ — $ 36 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 36 Number of TDRs accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 Non-performing TDRs $ — $ — $ 36 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 36 Number of non-performing TDR accounts — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 The following tables provide information about credit quality indicators by the year of origination at December 31, 2022 and 2021: Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total December 31, 2022 Loans Secured By Real Estate: Pass $ 11,941 $ 17,685 $ 10,337 $ 9,852 $ 12,670 $ 70,838 $ 133,323 Special mention — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — 104 104 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — $ 11,941 $ 17,685 $ 10,337 $ 9,852 $ 12,670 $ 70,838 $ 133,323 Commercial and Industrial Loans: Pass $ 1,468 $ 449 $ 4,056 $ 875 $ 3,581 $ 4,420 $ 14,849 Special mention — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 299 — — — — 299 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — $ 1,468 $ 748 $ 4,056 $ 875 $ 3,581 $ 4,420 $ 15,148 Consumer Loans: Pass $ 6,573 $ 8,632 $ 5,187 $ 6,792 $ 8,113 $ 2,587 $ 37,884 Special mention — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — 27 13 — 40 5 85 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — $ 6,573 $ 8,659 $ 5,200 $ 6,792 $ 8,153 $ 2,592 $ 37,969 Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total December 31, 2021 Loans Secured By Real Estate: Pass $ 16,498 $ 12,135 $ 10,671 $ 13,558 $ 6,715 $ 73,568 $ 133,145 Special mention — — — 787 — 2,650 3,437 Substandard — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — 123 123 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — $ 16,498 $ 12,135 $ 10,671 $ 14,345 $ 6,715 $ 76,341 $ 136,705 Commercial and Industrial Loans: Pass $ 2,766 $ 4,172 $ 1,066 $ 4,128 $ 1,198 $ 4,046 $ 17,376 Special mention — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Nonaccrual — — — — — 71 71 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — $ 2,766 $ 4,172 $ 1,066 $ 4,128 $ 1,198 $ 4,117 $ 17,447 Consumer Loans: Pass $ 12,270 $ 8,222 $ 11,176 $ 16,706 $ 4,908 $ 2,808 $ 56,090 Special mention — — — 6 — — 6 Substandard — — — — — — — Nonaccrual 28 5 38 40 29 4 144 Doubtful — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — $ 12,298 $ 8,227 $ 11,214 $ 16,752 $ 4,937 $ 2,812 $ 56,240 Troubled Debt Restructurings The restructuring of a loan constitutes a TDR if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider in the normal course of business. A concession may include an extension of repayment terms which would not normally be granted, a reduction of interest rate or the forgiveness of principal and/or accrued interest. If the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and the creditor has granted a concession, the Company will make the necessary disclosures related to the TDR. In certain cases, a modification may be made in an effort to retain a customer who is not experiencing financial difficulty. This type of modification is not considered to be a TDR. Once a loan has been modified and is considered a TDR, it is reported as an impaired loan. All TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment on a quarterly basis as part of the allowance for credit losses calculation. A specific allowance for TDR loans is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value or observable market price, whichever is appropriate, of the TDR is lower than the carrying value. If a loan deemed a TDR has performed for at least six months at the level prescribed by the modification, it is not considered to be non-performing; however, it will generally continue to be reported as impaired, but may be returned to accrual status. A TDR is deemed in default on its modified terms once a contractual payment is 30 or more days past due. There were no new loans modified as TDRs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. At December 31, 2022, the recorded investment in TDR’s reflected one loan in the amount of $34,048 which is on nonaccrual. At December 31, 2021, the recorded investment in TDR’s reflected The Bank has no commitments to loan additional funds to the borrowers of restructured, impaired, or nonaccrual loans. Asset Quality The following table presents the loan portfolio segments summarized by aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 90 Days or 30-89 Days More and December 31, 2022 Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total (dollars in thousands) Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 4,499 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,499 Farmland 333 — — — 333 Single-family residential 79,952 185 10 104 80,251 Multi-family 5,304 — — — 5,304 Commercial 42,936 — — — 42,936 Total loans secured by real estate 133,024 185 10 104 133,323 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 8,691 — — 299 8,990 SBA guaranty 6,158 — — — 6,158 Comm SBA PPP — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans 14,849 — — 299 15,148 Consumer Loans Consumer 1,521 — — — 1,521 Automobile 36,037 326 — 85 36,448 Total consumer loans 37,558 326 — 85 37,969 $ 185,431 $ 511 $ 10 $ 488 $ 186,440 90 Days or 30-89 Days More and December 31, 2021 Current Past Due Still Accruing Nonaccrual Total (dollars in thousands) Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ 4,087 $ — $ — $ — $ 4,087 Farmland 342 — — — 342 Single-family residential 77,981 — 15 123 78,119 Multi-family 5,428 — — — 5,428 Commercial 48,729 — — — 48,729 Total loans secured by real estate 136,567 — 15 123 136,705 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 10,003 — — — 10,003 SBA guaranty 6,326 — — 71 6,397 Comm SBA PPP 1,047 — — — 1,047 Total commercial and industrial loans 17,376 — — 71 17,447 Consumer Loans Consumer 2,086 4 — — 2,090 Automobile 53,655 351 — 144 54,150 Total consumer loans 55,741 355 — 144 56,240 $ 209,684 $ 355 $ 15 $ 338 $ 210,392 Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued totaled $0.5 million and $0.3 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Bank recognizes interest income on non-accrual loans using a cash basis method for the time they are on non-accrual. Interest income that was recognized on these non-accrual loans totaled for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest totaled at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Management believes these particular loans are well secured and in the process of full collection of all amounts owed. Nonaccrual loans with specific reserves at December 31, 2022 are comprised of: Consumer Impaired Loans The following table presents information with respect to impaired loans. Management determined the specific reserve in the allowance based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In those cases, the current fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs is used to determine the specific allowance recorded. Unpaid Interest Average December 31, 2022 Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded (dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — Single-family residential 14 34 2 20 48 Multi-family — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Total loans secured by real estate 14 34 2 20 48 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial 240 299 19 59 499 SBA guaranty — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans 240 299 19 59 499 Consumer Loans Consumer — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Total consumer loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 254 $ 333 $ 21 $ 79 $ 547 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ n/a $ — Farmland — — — n/a — Single-family residential 70 70 2 n/a 79 Multi-family — — — n/a — Commercial — — — n/a — Total loans secured by real estate 70 70 2 — 79 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — n/a — SBA guaranty — — — n/a — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer — — — n/a — Automobile 85 85 6 n/a 107 Total consumer loans 85 85 6 n/a 107 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 155 $ 155 $ 8 $ — $ 186 Unpaid Interest Average December 31, 2021 Recorded Principal Income Specific Recorded (dollars in thousands) Investment Balance Recognized Reserve Investment Impaired loans with specific reserves: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — Single-family residential 26 36 2 10 49 Multi-family — — — — — Commercial — — — — — Total loans secured by real estate 26 36 2 10 49 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — SBA guaranty — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans — — — — — Consumer Loans Consumer — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Total consumer loans — — — — — Total impaired loans with specific reserves $ 26 $ 36 $ 2 $ 10 $ 49 Impaired loans with no specific reserve: Loans Secured by Real Estate Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ n/a $ — Farmland — — — n/a — Single-family residential 87 87 3 n/a 98 Multi-family — — — n/a — Commercial — — — n/a — Total loans secured by real estate 87 87 3 — 98 Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial — — — n/a — SBA guaranty 71 71 1 n/a 71 Total commercial and industrial loans 71 71 1 — 71 Consumer Loans Consumer — — — n/a — Automobile 143 143 8 n/a 181 Total consumer loans 143 143 8 n/a 181 Total impaired loans with no specific reserve $ 301 $ 301 $ 12 $ — $ 350 |