Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business Barnes & Noble, Inc. (Barnes & Noble or the Company), one of the nation’s largest booksellers, 3 provides customers a unique experience across its multi-channel distribution platform. As of April 29, 2017, the Company operates 633 bookstores in 50 states, maintains an eCommerce site, develops digital reading products and operates NOOK, one of the largest digital bookstores. Barnes & Noble is utilizing the strength of its retail footprint in combination with its online and digital businesses to provide an omni-channel experience for its customers, fulfilling its commitment to offer customers any book, anytime, anywhere and in any format. Barnes & Noble Retail (B&N Retail) operates 633 retail bookstores, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers ® ® 4 reading devices, co-branded ® The Company’s principal business is the sale of trade books (generally, hardcover and paperback titles), mass market paperbacks (such as mystery, romance, science fiction and other popular fiction), children’s books, eBooks and other digital content, NOOK ® The Company identifies its operating segments based on the way the business is managed (focusing on the financial information distributed) and the manner in which the chief operating decision maker interacts with other members of management, and makes decisions on the allocation of resources. The Company’s two operating segments are B&N Retail and NOOK. Separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. On February 26, 2015, Barnes & Noble announced plans for the legal and structural separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (Barnes & Noble Education or B&N Education) (formerly known as NOOK Media Inc.) from Barnes & Noble into an independent public company (the Spin-Off). On July 14, 2015, the Barnes & Noble board of directors (the Board) approved the final distribution ratio and declared a pro rata dividend of the outstanding shares of B&N Education common stock, which resulted in the complete legal and structural separation of the two companies. The distribution was subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions as set forth in B&N Education’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, 3 Based upon sales reported in trade publications and public filings. 4 Any references to NOOK ® ® ® ® Samsung Galaxy Tab ® ® Samsung Galaxy Tab ® ® TM Plus devices, each of which includes the trademark symbol ( ® or ™, as applicable) even if a trademark symbol is not included. On August 2, 2015, Barnes & Noble completed the Spin-Off Spin-Off, Spin-Off, In connection with the separation of B&N Education, the Company and B&N Education entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement on July 14, 2015 and several other ancillary agreements on August 2, 2015. These agreements govern the relationship between the Company and B&N Education after the separation and allocate between the Company and B&N Education various assets, liabilities, rights and obligations following the separation, including employee benefits, intellectual property, information technology, insurance and tax-related This Spin-Off non-taxable Discontinued Operations of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. The Company has recognized the separation of B&N Education in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 205-20, Discontinued Operations pre-spin Spin-Off). History of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. On September 30, 2009, Barnes & Noble acquired Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC (B&N College) from Leonard and Louise Riggio. From that date until October 4, 2012, B&N College was wholly owned by Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. B&N Education was initially incorporated under the name NOOK Media Inc. in July 2012 to hold Barnes & Noble’s B&N College and NOOK digital businesses. On October 4, 2012, Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) acquired a 17.6% non-controlling On January 22, 2013, Pearson Education, Inc. (Pearson) acquired a 5% non-controlling On December 4, 2014, B&N Education re-acquired re-acquired Spin-Off, On May 1, 2015, B&N Education distributed to Barnes & Noble all of the membership interests in B&N Education’s NOOK digital business. As a result, B&N Education ceased to own any interest in the NOOK digital business, which remains a wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes & Noble. Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Barnes & Noble, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Merchandise Inventories Merchandise inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method under the first-in, first-out Market is determined based on the estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price. Reserves for non-returnable non-returnable The Company also estimates and accrues shortage for the period between the last physical count of inventory and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends. Property and Equipment and Other Long-Lived Assets Property and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while major maintenance and remodeling costs are capitalized if they extend the useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases. Fixtures and equipment are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or 10 years. Capitalized lease acquisition costs are being amortized over the lease terms of the underlying leases. System costs are capitalized and included in property and equipment. These costs are depreciated over their estimated useful lives from the date the systems become operational. The Company had $276,122 and $298,580 of property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, at April 29, 2017 and April 30, 2016, respectively, and $117,105, $134,850 and $139,204 of depreciation expense for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively. Capitalized software costs of $75,893 and $79,890 for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively, are included in property and equipment. The Company had $911 and $1,610 of amortizable intangible assets, net of amortization, at April 29, 2017 and April 30, 2016, respectively. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and considers market participants in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets 360-10). Goodwill and Unamortizable Intangible Assets The costs in excess of net assets of businesses acquired are carried as goodwill in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At April 29, 2017, the Company had $207,381 of goodwill (on its Retail reporting unit) and $309,294 of unamortizable intangible assets (those with an indefinite useful life), accounting for approximately 26.7% of the Company’s total assets. ASC 350-30, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company performs a two-step 350-30. The Company tests unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the fair value and the carrying value of such assets. The Company also completed its annual impairment tests for its other unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the estimated fair value to the carrying value of such assets. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses related to unamortizable intangible assets totaled $0, $3,840 and $0 during fiscal 2017, fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively. Changes in market conditions, among other factors, could have a material impact on these estimates. During fiscal 2016, the Company impaired one of its publishing contracts due to a significant drop in business with that publisher, driven by lower title offerings, product quality and the loss of a distribution partner. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $3,840 in selling and administrative expenses. The publishing contracts include the value of long-standing relationships with authors, agents and publishers established upon the Company’s acquisition of Sterling in 2003. Given Sterling’s strong history of maintaining such relationships, the Company believes they produce value indefinitely without an identifiable remaining useful life. Deferred Charges Costs incurred to obtain long-term financing are amortized over the terms of the respective debt agreements using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Unamortized costs included in other non-current Revenue Recognition Revenue from sales of the Company’s products is recognized at the time of sale or shipment, other than those with multiple elements and Free On Board (FOB) destination point shipping terms. The Company accrues for estimated sales returns in the period in which the related revenue is recognized based on historical experience. ECommerce revenue from sales of products ordered through the Company’s websites is recognized upon estimated delivery and receipt of the shipment by its customers. Freight costs are included within the Company’s cost of sales and occupancy. Sales taxes collected from retail customers are excluded from reported revenues. All of the Company’s sales are recognized as revenue on a “net” basis, including sales in connection with any periodic promotions offered to customers. The Company does not treat any promotional offers as expenses. In accordance with ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition, Multiple-Element Arrangements, 2009-13 2009-14, ® The Company includes post-service customer support (PCS) in the form of software updates and potential increased functionality on a when-and-if-available ® ® 2-year ® device. The average percentage of a NOOK ® 2-year ® The Company also pays certain vendors who distributed NOOK ® ® 605-45-45, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent The Company rents physical textbooks. Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks is deferred and recognized over the rental period commencing at point of sale. The Company offers a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented book at the end of the semester. The Company records the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price. In these instances, the Company would accelerate any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale. NOOK acquires the rights to distribute digital content from publishers and distributes the content on www.barnesandnoble.com, NOOK ® The Barnes & Noble Member Program offers members greater discounts and other benefits for products and services, as well as exclusive offers and promotions via e-mail non-refundable 12-month Research and Development Costs for Software Products The Company follows the guidance in ASC 985-20, Cost of Software to Be Sold, Leased or Marketed, Internal-Use Software and Website Development Costs Direct costs incurred to develop software for internal use and website development costs are capitalized and amortized over an estimated useful life of three to seven years. During fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, the Company capitalized costs, primarily related to labor, consulting, hardware and software, of $18,450 and $31,531, respectively. Amortization of previously capitalized amounts was $23,584, $30,461 and $27,618 for fiscal 2017, fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal-use software and website development are expensed as incurred. Advertising Costs The costs of advertising are expensed as incurred during the year pursuant to ASC 720-35, Advertising Costs The Company receives payments and credits from vendors pursuant to co-operative 605-50-25-10, Customer’s Accounting for Certain Consideration Received from a Vendor co-op Closed Store Expenses When the Company closes or relocates a store, the Company charges unrecoverable costs to expense. Such costs include the net book value of abandoned fixtures and leasehold improvements and, when a store is closed prior to the expiration of the lease, a provision for future lease obligations, net of expected sublease recoveries. Costs associated with store closings of $1,434, $744 and $1,301 during fiscal 2017, fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively, are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Net Earnings (Loss) per Share In accordance with ASC 260-10-45, Share-Based Payment Arrangements and Participating Securities and the Two-Class non-forfeitable Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing the net income, adjusted for preferred dividends and income allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the dilution that would occur if any potentially dilutive instruments were exercised or converted into common shares. The dilutive effect of participating securities is calculated using the more dilutive of the treasury stock method or two-class Income Taxes The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and local income taxes currently payable and those deferred because of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. The Company regularly reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and establishes a valuation allowance, if determined to be necessary. The Company establishes a reserve for uncertain tax positions. If the Company considers that a tax position is more likely than not of being sustained upon audit, based solely on the technical merits of the position, it recognizes the tax benefit. The Company measures the tax benefit by determining the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement, presuming that the tax position is examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. A reserve for an uncertain income tax position will be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. The tax positions are analyzed periodically (at least quarterly) and adjustments are made as events occur that warrant adjustments for those positions. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Stock-Based Compensation The calculation of stock-based employee compensation expense involves estimates that require management’s judgment. These estimates include the fair value of each of the stock option awards granted, which is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. There are two significant inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model: expected volatility and expected term. The Company estimates expected volatility based on traded option volatility of the Company’s stock over a term equal to the expected term of the option granted. The expected term of stock option awards granted is derived from historical exercise experience under the Company’s stock option plans and represents the period of time that stock option awards granted are expected to be outstanding. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate, and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If the Company’s actual forfeiture rate is materially different from its estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the current period. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on stock-based compensation. Gift Cards The Company sells gift cards, which can be used in its stores, on www.barnesandnoble.com, on NOOK ® 12-month th month after the month the gift card was originally sold. Additional breakage may be required if gift card redemptions continue to run lower than historical patterns. The Company recognized gift card breakage of $35,524, $29,074 and $26,080 during fiscal 2017, fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, respectively. The Company had gift card liabilities of $351,424 and $353,103 as of April 29, 2017 and April 30, 2016, respectively. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable, as presented on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, is net of allowances. An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined through an analysis of the aging of accounts receivable and assessments of collectability based on historic trends, the financial condition of the Company’s customers and an evaluation of economic conditions. The Company writes off uncollectible trade receivables once collection efforts have been exhausted. Costs associated with allowable customer markdowns and operational chargebacks, net of the expected recoveries, are part of the provision for allowances included in accounts receivable. These provisions result from seasonal negotiations, as well as historic deduction trends net of expected recoveries, and the evaluation of current market conditions. Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform with the fiscal 2017 presentation. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory 2016-16). 2016-16 In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments 2016-15). 2016-15 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) 2016-02) , 2016-02 right-of-use 2016-02 2016-02 2014-09. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory ( 2015-11), 2015-11, 2015-11 2015-11 first-in, first-out 2015-11 2015-11. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs 2015-03). 2015-03 2015-03. 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit 2015-15). 2015-15 line-of-credit 2015-03. line-of-credit line-of-credit 2015-03, 2015-03 2015-03 line-of-credit In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09. 2014-09, 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12 2016-20, 2014-09 Reporting Period The Company’s fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April. The reporting periods ended April 29, 2017, April 30, 2016 and May 2, 2015 each contained 52 weeks. |