Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Patterson Companies, Inc. (referred to herein as “Patterson” or in the first person notations “we,” “our,” and “us”) is a value-added specialty distributor serving the U.S. and Canadian dental supply and the U.S., Canadian and U.K. animal health supply markets. Patterson has three reportable segments: Dental, Animal Health and Corporate. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the assets and liabilities of PDC Funding Company, LLC ("PDC Funding"), PDC Funding Company II, LLC ("PDC Funding II"), PDC Funding Company III, LLC ("PDC Funding III") and PDC Funding Company IV, LLC ("PDC Funding IV") , which are our wholly owned subsidiaries and separate legal entities formed under Minnesota law. PDC Funding and PDC Funding II are fully consolidated special purpose entities established to sell customer installment sale contracts to outside financial institutions in the normal course of their business. PDC Funding III and PDC Funding IV are fully consolidated special purpose entity established to sell certain receivables to unaffiliated financial institutions. The assets of PDC Funding, PDC Funding II, PDC Funding III and PDC Funding IV would be available first and foremost to satisfy the claims of its creditors. There are no known creditors of PDC Funding, PDC Funding II, PDC Funding III or PDC Funding IV. The consolidated financial statements also include the assets and liabilities of Technology Partner Innovations, LLC, which is further described in Note 13. Fiscal Year End We operate with a 52-53 week accounting convention with our fiscal year ending on the last Saturday in April. Fiscal 2022 ended on April 30, 2022 and consisted of 53 weeks. Fiscal 2021 and 2020 ended on April 24, 2021 and April 25, 2020, respectively, and both consisted of 52 weeks. Fiscal 2023 will end on April 29, 2023 and will consist of 52 weeks. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist primarily of investments in money market funds and government securities. The maturity of these securities at the time of purchase is 90 days or less. All cash and cash equivalents are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value, which approximates cost. Inventory Inventory consists of merchandise held for sale and is stated at the lower of cost or market. The cost of our inventory includes the amount we pay to our suppliers to acquire inventory and freight costs incurred in connection with the delivery of product to our distribution centers and our other locations. Cost is determined using the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method for all inventories, except for foreign inventories, which are valued using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Inventories valued at LIFO represented 85% and 83% of total inventories at April 30, 2022 and April 24, 2021, respectively. The accumulated LIFO reserve was $130,959 at April 30, 2022 and $120,775 at April 24, 2021. We believe that inventory replacement cost exceeds the inventory balance by an amount approximating the LIFO reserve. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of up to 39 years for buildings or the expected remaining life of purchased buildings, the term of the lease for leasehold improvements, 3 to 10 years for computer hardware and software, and 5 to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at the reporting unit level, with all goodwill assigned to a reporting unit. We have two reporting units as of April 30, 2022; Dental and Animal Health. Our Corporate reportable segment's assets and liabilities, and net sales and expenses, are allocated to the two reporting units. We assess goodwill for impairment annually and whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Any goodwill impairment is measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill. The determination of fair value involves uncertainties because it requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate industry and economic factors and the profitability of future business strategies. Patterson conducts impairment testing based on current business strategy in light of present industry and economic conditions, as well as future expectations. Additionally, in assessing goodwill for impairment, the reasonableness of the implied control premium is considered based on market capitalizations and recent market transactions. Our indefinite-lived intangible asset is a trade name, which is assessed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset with its fair value. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. The determination of fair value involves assumptions, including projected revenues and gross profit levels, as well as consideration of any factors that may indicate potential impairment. In connection with the preparation of these financial statements in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, management completed its annual goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests using the beginning of our fiscal 2022 fourth quarter as the valuation date. We determined that there was no impairment of either goodwill or our indefinite-lived intangible asset. In connection with the preparation of our fiscal 2021 Form 10-K in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, management completed its annual goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests using the beginning of our fiscal 2021 fourth quarter as the valuation date. We determined that there was no impairment of either goodwill or our indefinite-lived intangible asset. In connection with the preparation of our fiscal 2020 Form 10-K in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, management completed its annual goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests using the beginning of our fiscal 2020 fourth quarter as the valuation date. We determined that there was no impairment of our indefinite-lived intangible asset. Our annual goodwill impairment test resulted in no impairment to the Dental reporting unit’s goodwill, and a $269,000 non-cash pre-tax impairment charge of our Animal Health reporting unit’s goodwill. The decrease in the fair value of the Animal Health reporting unit below its carrying value was mainly the result of a reduction in management’s estimates of future cash flows. Future cash flows were affected by a reduction in future sales volume and operating margins. The sales volume estimate reflected recent sales trends we had experienced. Future operating margins are expected to be lower based on then-current trends in our markets. These trends were driven by customer and vendor consolidation. Subsequent to the annual test being completed and in connection with the preparation of our fiscal 2020 Form 10-K in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we experienced events and circumstances that indicated that the carrying amount of goodwill may have been further impaired. These events and circumstances included a decline in our projected future earnings and a sustained decrease in our share price. As such, we tested our goodwill for impairment as of the beginning of our fiscal April 2020. This test resulted in no impairment to the Dental reporting unit’s goodwill, and a $406,055 non-cash pre-tax impairment charge of our Animal Health reporting unit’s goodwill. The decrease in the fair value of the Animal Health reporting unit subsequent to the annual goodwill impairment test was caused by additional reductions in management’s estimates of future cash flows, driven by reduced sales volumes, as well as reduced EBITDA multiples of comparable companies. These estimates and market multiples were negatively affected by COVID-19. In fiscal 2020, the animal health industry experienced a reduction in sales volume as a result of stay at home and shelter in place orders, as well as a result of meat packing plant closures. Our future cash flow estimates for this business unit in fiscal 2020 reflected the long-term impact of COVID-19. As of April 25, 2020, our Animal Health reporting unit had no remaining goodwill as a result of the total goodwill impairment charges recorded in fiscal 2020 of $675,055. Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, including definite-lived intangible assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows derived from such assets. Our definite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationships, trade names and trademarks. When impairment exists, the related assets are written down to fair value using level 3 inputs, as discussed further in Note 7. Other Non-current Assets, Net April 30, 2022 April 24, 2021 Development costs of software to be sold, net $ 64,513 $ 68,156 Other 42,995 21,703 Other non-current assets, net $ 107,508 $ 89,859 During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recorded $7,267, $2,346 and $0, respectively, of amortization expense related to the development costs of software to be sold in cost of sales within the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). Development Costs of Software to be Sold At the end of each fiscal quarter, we compare the unamortized capitalized costs of software to be sold to its net realizable value. If the unamortized amount exceeds the net realizable value, an impairment is recorded for this amount of that asset shall be written off. If the unamortized capitalized costs are less than the net realizable value of that asset, then there is no impairment. Financial Instruments We account for derivative financial instruments under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” Our use of derivative financial instruments is generally limited to managing well-defined interest rate risks. We do not use financial instruments or derivatives for any trading purposes. Revenue Recognition Revenues are generated from the sale of consumable products, equipment and support, software and support, technical service parts and labor, and other sources. Revenues are recognized when or as performance obligations are satisfied. Performance obligations are satisfied when the customer obtains control of the goods or services. Consumable, equipment, software and parts sales are recorded upon delivery, except in those circumstances where terms of the sale are FOB shipping point, in which case sales are recorded upon shipment. Technical service labor is recognized as it is provided. Revenue derived from equipment and software support is recognized ratably over the period in which the support is provided. In addition to revenues generated from the distribution of consumable products under arrangements (buy/sell agreements) where the full market value of the product is recorded as revenue, we earn commissions for services provided under agency agreements. The agency agreement contrasts to a buy/sell agreement in that we do not have control over the transaction, as we do not have the primary responsibility of fulfilling the promise of the good or service and we do not bill or collect from the customer in an agency relationship. Commissions under agency agreements are recorded when the services are provided. Estimates for returns, damaged goods, rebates, loyalty programs and other revenue allowances are made at the time the revenue is recognized based on the historical experience for such items. The receivables that result from the recognition of revenue are reported net of related allowances. We maintain a valuation allowance based upon the expected collectability of receivables held. Estimates are used to determine the valuation allowance and are based on several factors, including historical collection data, economic trends and credit worthiness of customers. Receivables are written off when we determine the amounts to be uncollectible, typically upon customer bankruptcy or non-response to continuous collection efforts. The portions of receivable amounts that are not expected to be collected during the next twelve months are classified as long-term. Patterson has a relatively large, dispersed customer base and no single customer accounts for more than 10% of consolidated net sales. In addition, the equipment sold to customers under finance contracts generally serves as collateral for the contract and the customer provides a personal guarantee as well. Net sales do not include sales tax as we are considered a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales tax. Contract Balances Contract balances represent amounts presented in our consolidated balance sheets when either we have transferred goods or services to the customer or the customer has paid consideration to us under the contract. These contract balances include accounts receivable, contract assets and contract liabilities. Contract asset balances as of April 30, 2022 and April 24, 2021 were $134 and $2,491, respectively. Our contract liabilities primarily relate to advance payments from customers, upfront payments for software and support provided over time, and options that provide a material right to customers, such as our customer loyalty programs. At April 30, 2022 and April 24, 2021, contract liabilities of $38,581 and $23,526 were reported in other accrued liabilities, respectively. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, we recognized $20,658 of the amount previously deferred at April 24, 2021. Patterson Advantage Loyalty Program The Dental segment provides a point-based awards program to qualifying customers involving the issuance of “Patterson Advantage dollars” which can be used toward equipment and technology purchases. Patterson Advantage dollars earned during a program year expire one year after the end of the program year. The cost and corresponding liability associated with the program are recognized as contra-revenue. As of April 30, 2022, we believe we have sufficient experience with the program to reasonably estimate the amount of Patterson Advantage dollars that will not be redeemed and thus have recorded a liability for 88.0% of the maximum potential amount that could be redeemed. We recognize the expected breakage amount as revenue in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer, and we recognize the estimated value of unused Patterson Advantage dollars as redemptions occur. Breakage recognized was immaterial to all periods presented. Freight and Delivery Charges Freight and delivery charges are included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). Advertising We expense all advertising and promotional costs as incurred, except for direct marketing expenses, which are expensed over the shorter of the life of the asset or one year. Total net advertising and promotional expenses were $1,532, $134 and $5,793 for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no deferred direct-marketing expenses included in the consolidated balance sheets as of April 30, 2022 and April 24, 2021. Related Party Transactions We have interests in a number of entities that are accounted for using the equity method. During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, we made purchases of $128,452, $110,210 and $94,238 from these entities, respectively. During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recorded net sales of $117,347, $93,577 and $110,262 to these entities, respectively. Income Taxes The liability method is used to account for income tax expense. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets if, after assessment of available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be fully realized. Self-insurance Patterson is self-insured for certain losses related to general liability, product liability, automobile, workers’ compensation and medical claims. We estimate our liabilities based upon an analysis of historical data and actuarial estimates. While current estimates are believed reasonable based on information currently available, actual results could differ and affect financial results due to changes in the amount or frequency of claims, medical cost inflation or other factors. Historically, actual results related to these types of claims have not varied significantly from estimated amounts. Stock-based Compensation We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on estimated grant date fair values. The grant date fair value of stock options and stock purchases made through our Employee Stock Purchase Plan are estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing valuation model. The grant date fair value of performance stock units that vest upon meeting certain market conditions is estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation model. These valuations require estimates to be made including expected stock price volatility which considers historical volatility trends, implied future volatility based on certain traded options and other factors. We estimate the expected life of awards based on several factors, including types of participants, vesting schedules, contractual terms and various factors surrounding exercise behavior of different groups. The grant date fair value of time-based restricted stock awards and restricted stock units is calculated based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense for all share-based payment awards is recognized over the requisite service period (or to the date a participant becomes eligible for retirement, if earlier) for awards that are expected to vest. Other Income (Expense), Net Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2022 April 24, 2021 April 25, 2020 Gain (loss) on interest rate swap agreements $ 15,835 $ 1,151 $ (18,712) Investment income and other 11,896 12,457 7,877 Other income (expense), net $ 27,731 $ 13,608 $ (10,835) Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) is computed as net income (loss) plus certain other items that are recorded directly to stockholders’ equity. Significant items included in comprehensive income (loss) are foreign currency translation adjustments and the effective portion of cash flow hedges, net of tax. Foreign currency translation adjustments do not include a provision for income tax because earnings from foreign operations are considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. The income tax expense related to cash flow hedge losses was $321, $321 and $2,460 for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Earnings (Loss) Per Share ("EPS") The amount of basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Patterson Companies, Inc. by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. The amount of diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares and common share equivalents, when dilutive, during the period. The following table sets forth the denominator for the computation of basic and diluted EPS. There were no material adjustments to the numerator. Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2022 April 24, 2021 April 25, 2020 Denominator for basic EPS – weighted average shares 97,277 95,599 94,154 Effect of dilutive securities – stock options, restricted stock and stock purchase plans 1,237 1,065 — Denominator for diluted EPS – weighted average shares 98,514 96,664 94,154 Potentially dilutive securities representing 772, 1,014 and 2,517 shares for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their effects were anti-dilutive using the treasury stock method. For the fiscal year ended April 25, 2020, 905 incremental shares related to dilutive securities were not included in the diluted EPS calculation because we reported a loss for this period. Shares related to dilutive securities have an anti-dilutive impact on EPS when a net loss is reported and therefore are not included in the calculation. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” in March 2020 and ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope” in January 2021. These ASUs provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to existing guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to facilitate the market transition from existing reference rates, such as LIBOR which began to be phased out at the end of 2021, to alternate reference rates. These standards were effective upon issuance. We are evaluating the optional relief guidance provided within these ASUs, and are reviewing our debt securities, derivative instruments and customer financing contracts that currently utilize LIBOR as the reference rate. |