Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation -Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ManTech International Corporation, subsidiaries we control and variable interest entities that are required to be consolidated. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Use of Accounting Estimates -We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates involve judgments with respect to, among other things, various future economic factors that are difficult to predict and are beyond the control of us. Therefore, actual amounts could differ from these estimates. Revenue Recognition -We derive the majority of our revenues from cost-plus-fixed-fee, cost-plus-award-fee, fixed-price and time-and-materials contracts. Revenues for cost-reimbursable contracts are recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. For performance-based fees under cost-reimbursable contracts, we recognize the relevant portion of the expected fee to be awarded by the customer at the time such fee can be reasonably estimated, based on factors such as our prior award experience and communications with the customer regarding performance, or upon approval by the customer. For time-and-materials contracts, revenues are recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. For long-term fixed-price contracts, revenues are recognized at a rate per unit as the units are delivered or by other methods to measure services provided. Revenues from other long-term fixed-price contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or by other appropriate methods to measure services provided. Contract costs are expensed as incurred except for certain limited long-term contracts noted below. For long-term contracts, specifically described in the scope section of ASC 605-35 , Revenue Recognition - Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts , we apply the percentage of completion method. Under the percentage of completion method, income is recognized at a consistent profit margin over the period of performance based on estimated profit margins at completion of the contract. This method of accounting requires estimating the total revenues and total contract cost at completion of the contract. During the performance of long-term contracts, these estimates are periodically reviewed and revisions are made as required using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. The impact on revenues and contract profit as a result of these revisions is included in the periods in which the revisions are made. This method can result in the deferral of costs or the deferral of profit on these contracts. Because we assume the risk of performing a fixed-price contract at a set price, the failure to accurately estimate ultimate costs or to control costs during performance of the work could result, and in some instances has resulted, in reduced profits or losses for such contracts. Estimated losses on contracts at completion are recognized when identified. In certain circumstances, revenues are recognized when contract amendments have not been finalized. Cost of Services -Cost of services consists primarily of compensation expenses for program personnel, the fringe benefits associated with this compensation and other direct expenses incurred to complete programs, including cost of materials and subcontractor efforts. General and Administrative Expenses- General and administrative expenses include the salaries and wages, plus associated fringe benefits of our employees not performing work directly for customers, and associated facilities costs. Among the functions covered by these costs are corporate business development, bid and proposal, contracts administration, finance and accounting, legal, corporate governance and executive and senior management. In addition, we include stock-based compensation, as well as depreciation and amortization expenses related to the general and administrative function. We recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits within interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in general and administrative expenses. We classify indirect costs incurred as cost of services and general and administrative expenses in the same manner as such costs are defined in our disclosure statements under U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards. Cash and Cash Equivalents -For the purpose of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less at the date of purchase. Property and Equipment -Property and equipment are recorded at original cost to us. Upon sale or retirement, the costs and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and Amortization Method -Furniture and office equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with estimated useful lives ranging from one to seven years . Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the asset's useful life or the term of the lease. Goodwill -The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the tangible assets, financial assets and separately recognized intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. We review goodwill at least annually for impairment, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. Other Intangible Assets -Contract rights and other intangible assets are amortized primarily using the pattern of benefits method over periods ranging from one to twenty-five years . We account for the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-985 , Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Software . These capitalized software costs are included in other intangible assets, net. We account for software development costs related to software products for sale, lease or otherwise marketed in accordance with ASC 985-20 , Software - Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed . For projects fully funded by us, development costs are capitalized from the point of demonstrated technological feasibility until the point in time that the product is available for general release to customers. Once the product is available for general release, capitalized costs are amortized based on units sold or on a straight-line basis over a five -year period or other such shorter period as may be required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets- Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable, we evaluate the probability that future undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If any impairment were indicated as a result of this review, we would recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. Employee Supplemental Savings Plan (ESSP) Assets -We maintain several non-qualified defined contribution supplemental retirement plans for certain key employees that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 710-10-05 , Compensation - General - Deferred Compensation - Rabbi Trust , as the underlying assets are held in rabbi trusts with investments directed by the respective employee. A rabbi trust is a grantor trust generally set up to fund compensation for a select group of management and the assets of this trust are available to satisfy the claims of general creditors in the event of bankruptcy of us. The assets held by the rabbi trusts are recorded at cash surrender value in our consolidated financial statements as ESSP assets with a related liability to employees recorded as a deferred compensation liability in accrued retirement. Billings In Excess of Revenue Earned -We receive advances and milestone payments from customers that exceed the revenues earned to date. We classify such items as current liabilities. Stock-based Compensation -We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 , Compensation - Stock Compensation , which requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine fair value of stock options on the dates of grant for our stock options. The fair value is included in operating expenses or capitalized, as appropriate, straight-line over the period in which service is provided in exchange for the award. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. The compensation expense for restricted stock is recognized over the service period and is based on the grant date fair value of the shares. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock unit (RSU) is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date less the present value of dividends expected to be awarded during the service period. We recognize the grant date fair value of RSUs of shares we expect to issue as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur. Income Taxes -We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 , Income Taxes . Under this method, deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws. Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets or liabilities from year-to-year. In providing for deferred taxes, we consider tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which we operate, estimates of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results or the ability to implement tax-planning strategies vary, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be required. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria. We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would “more likely than not” sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the “more likely than not” threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Foreign-Currency Translation -All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at fiscal year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive Income (Loss) -Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income; translation adjustments, net of tax; and actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit pension plan, net of tax. Fair Value of Financial Instruments -The carrying value of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these amounts. Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) -We determine whether we have a controlling financial interest in a VIE. The reporting entity with a variable interest or interest that provides the reporting entity with a controlling financial interest in a VIE will have both (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We have one entity that has been consolidated as a VIE. The purpose of the entity is to perform on certain U.S. Navy contracts. The maximum amount of loss we are exposed to as of December 31, 2017 was not material to our consolidated financial statements. Investments -Investments where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but we do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Significant influence typically exists if we have a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the investee. Under this method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is included in equity in earnings or losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries on our consolidated statement of income. Investments where we have less than 20% ownership interest in the investee and lack the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method. Under the cost method, we recognize our investment in the stock of an investee as an asset. The investment is measured initially at cost. We recognize as income dividends received that are distributed from net accumulated earnings. Dividends received in excess of earnings are considered a return of investment and are recorded as reductions of costs of the investment. Impairment is assessed at the individual investment level. An investment is impaired if the fair value of the investment is less than its costs. If it is determined that the impairment is other than temporary, then an impairment loss is recognized in earnings. The fair value of the investment would become the new cost basis of the investment and will not be adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. Business Combinations- The accounting for our business combinations consists of allocating the purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. We have up to one year from the acquisition date to use information as of each acquisition date to adjust the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities, which may result in material changes to their recorded values with an offsetting adjustment to goodwill. Recently Adopted ASUs On January 1, 2017, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) . The changes in the ASU were adopted prospectively. The ASU requires all excess tax benefits or deficiencies to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statement of income. Previously, excess tax benefits and deficiencies were recorded as a component of paid-in capital. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we recorded $0.1 million and $3.0 million to paid-in capital for the net tax deficiencies related to the exercise of stock options, vested cancellations and the vesting of restricted stock. For the year ended December 31, 2017 , we recorded a net tax benefit of $2.7 million to income tax expense related to the exercise of stock options, vested cancellations and the vesting of restricted stock. The ASU allows a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur verses requiring a forfeiture estimate. We have elected to account for forfeitures when they occur. Upon transition we recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $0.2 million related to previously estimated forfeitures. Under the ASU, excess tax benefits are no longer presented as financing activities in the statement of cash flows. The change in the presentation in the statement of cash flows was applied prospectively beginning January 1, 2017. Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted ASUs On May 10, 2017, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting , which seeks to provide clarity, reduce diversity in practice and reduce cost and complexity when applying the guidance in ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation , regarding a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. ASU 2017-09 provides guidance concerning which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in ASC 718. Specifically, an entity is to account for the effects of a modification, unless all of the following are satisfied: (1) the fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or as a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The current disclosure requirements in ASC 718 apply regardless of whether an entity is required to apply modification accounting under the amendments in ASU 2017-09. The amendments are effective for annual periods, and for interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. On January 26, 2017, the FASB has issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment , which simplifies the manner in which an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity, prior to the amendments in ASU 2017-04, had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities, including unrecognized assets and liabilities, in accordance with the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. However, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should (1) perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and (2) recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, with the understanding that the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, ASU 2017-04 removes the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails such qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Finally, this ASU amends the Overview and Background sections of the ASC as part of the FASB’s initiative to unify and improve such sections across Topics and Subtopics. Public entities that are SEC filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively for their annual, or any interim, goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Note that early adoption is permitted for all entities for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We will continue to evaluate the effects of this ASU in conjunction with our goodwill impairment tests. On January 5, 2017, the FASB has issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805)—Clarifying the Definition of a Business , which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current implementation guidance in Topic 805, there are three elements of a business: inputs, processes and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively, a “set”) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. Additionally, all of the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs. The amendments in ASU 2017-01 provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If, however, the screen is not met, then the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. Finally, the amendments in this ASU narrow the definition of the term “output” so that the term is consistent with the manner in which outputs are described in Topic 606. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods, with early adoption permissible. We do not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. On August 26, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15— Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . This ASU addresses the following eight specific cash flow issues: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies (including bank-owned life insurance policies); distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 become effective for fiscal years that start after December 15, 2017. We plan to apply it retrospectively to all periods presented in our quarterly and annual reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K. We plan to apply the equity method of accounting for applicable investments. Therefore, we will make an accounting policy election to classify distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative earnings approach. Distributions received are considered returns on investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities, unless the investor’s cumulative distributions received less distributions received in prior periods that were determined to be returns of investment exceed cumulative equity in earnings recognized by the investor (as adjusted for amortization of basis differences). When such an excess occurs, the current-period distribution up to this excess is considered a return of investment and should be classified as cash inflows from investing. We do not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02— Leases (Topic 842) . The amendments in this ASU create Topic 842 , Leases , and supersede the leases requirements in Topic 840, Leases . The objective of Topic 842 is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors should apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual periods after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We are currently evaluating methods of adoption as well as the effect on our consolidated financial statements. However, it is expected to increase total assets and total liabilities for current operating leases that are currently recorded off balance sheet. On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance, including ASC 605-35 , Revenue Recognition - Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts . ASU 2014-09 outlines a single set of comprehensive principles for recognizing revenue under GAAP. Among other things, it requires companies to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time. These concepts, as well as other aspects of ASU 2014-09, may change the method and/or timing of revenue recognition for certain of our contracts. ASU 2014-09 may be applied either retrospectively or through the use of a modified-retrospective method. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. The amendments in ASU 2015-14 deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Public business entities should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Several related ASUs have been issued since the issuance of ASU 2014-09. These ASUs, which modify certain sections of ASU 2014-09, are intended to promote a more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the standard. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 will impact our policies, controls, business processes and information systems. To prepare for the changes in this guidance, we developed a plan for adoption. Based on our plan, we commenced an assessment in 2016 on the impacts of this guidance on a representative sample of our existing contract population. The sample contracts selected covered more than 20% of our existing revenue base and included contracts from all of our various contract types. A majority of the contracts we tested were not impacted by the new guidance. For contracts that were impacted, we identified two primary differences. First, the determination of performance obligations under this ASU has led to a different unit of accounting then we are currently applying. Second, we reassessed whether a contract, or performance obligation, met the definition of a "stand ready to perform" or "series" obligation. Those contracts that do not meet the "stand ready to perform" or "series" definition will be transitioned to revenue recognition model where revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligation is satisfied, primarily based on cost incurred. We expect the impact of these changes to produce a more consistent gross margin period-to-period as the obligations are satisfied. We developed and substantially completed a detailed implementation plan during 2017, which includes, among other things, an update to our policies, development of disclosures, updates to our controls and application of the guidance across our contract population. We will adopt ASU 2014-09 under the modified retrospective method to contracts not substantially complete at January 1, 2018. Under the modified retrospective transition method, we will record a transition adjustment to retained earnings. We estimate the cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings to be less than $1 million . Based on the results of our detailed implementation plan, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 to have a material effect on our consolidated statement of income or our consolidated statement of cash flows. We do expect a more significant impact from the additional disclosures required under the ASU as well as a change in the presentation of contract assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. Other ASUs effective after December 31, 2017 are not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. |