Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] | 6. Share-Based Compensation The Company has adopted incentive and nonqualified stock option plans for executive, scientific and administrative personnel of the Company as well as outside directors and consultants. As of March 31, 2016, there are 8,029,283 0.88 19.36 723,000 623,337 The Company records compensation expense associated with stock options and other equity-based compensation in accordance with provisions of authoritative guidance. Compensation costs are recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the option vesting term of up to three years. Awards with will be expensed if it is probable that the will be achieved. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, $ 3,870 The Company’s net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 includes non-cash compensation expense of $ 372,103 399,374 THREE MONTH PERIOD 2016 2015 Research and development $ 174,925 $ 208,526 General and administrative 197,178 190,848 Share-based compensation expense $ 372,103 $ 399,374 Net share-based compensation expense, per common share: Basic and diluted $ 0.01 $ 0.01 The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employees. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes-Merton, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value of an award. THREE MONTH PERIOD ENDED THREE MONTH PERIOD ENDED Expected volatility 84.13 % 89.34 % Risk-free interest rate 1.39 % 1.57 % Expected term of option 5.84 years 5.88 years Forfeiture rate* 3.00 % 3.00 % Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % * - Authoritative guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, forfeitures were estimated at 3 The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were $ 0.61 1.18 Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding at January 1, 2016 6,694,744 $ 1.99 Granted 1,388,000 $ 0.88 Exercised - $ - Expired (4,500) $ 1.30 Forfeited (48,961) $ 1.49 Outstanding at March 31, 2016 8,029,283 $ 1.80 Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2016 7,939,345 $ 1.81 Exercisable at March 31, 2016 5,031,346 $ 2.15 There were no option exercises during the three months ended March 31, 2016 or 2015. |