Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] | 5. Share-Based Compensation The Company has adopted incentive and nonqualified stock option plans for executive, scientific and administrative personnel of the Company as well as outside directors and consultants. In June 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan, increasing the number of shares reserved for issuance from 11,230,000 to 14,230,000 shares of common stock to be available for grants and awards. As of June 30, 2017, there are 9,747,004 shares issuable under options previously granted and currently outstanding, with exercise prices ranging from $0.86 to $13.75. In 2017, the Company awarded options to employees, covering up to 225,000 shares, in which vesting is subject to achievement of certain performance milestones. Options granted under the plans generally vest over periods varying from immediately to one to three years, are not transferable and generally expire ten years from the date of grant. As of June 30, 2017, 4,850,358 shares remained available for grant under the Company’s 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The Company records compensation expense associated with stock options and other equity-based compensation in accordance with provisions of authoritative guidance. Compensation costs are recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the option vesting term of up to three years. Awards with 10,100 The Company’s net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 includes non-cash compensation expense of $ 350,565 1,976,736 SIX MONTH PERIOD ENDED 2017 2016 Research and development $ 171,326 $ 517,536 General and administrative 179,239 1,459,200 Share-based compensation expense $ 350,565 $ 1,976,736 Net share-based compensation expense, per common share: Basic and diluted $ 0.01 $ 0.05 The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employees. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes-Merton, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value of an award. SIX MONTH PERIOD ENDED 2017 2016 Expected volatility 78.34% 83.09% Risk-free interest rate 1.82% 1.32% Expected term of option 5.66 years 5.42 years Forfeiture rate - 3.00%* Expected dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% * - In 2016, authoritative guidance required forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2016, forfeitures were estimated at 3%. The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $ 0.77 0.75 Number of Weighted Outstanding at January 1, 2017 9,535,306 $ 1.57 Granted 1,199,500 $ 1.15 Exercised - $ - Expired (987,802) $ 1.64 Forfeited - $ - Outstanding at June 30, 2017 9,747,004 $ 1.51 Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2017 9,693,592 $ 1.51 Exercisable at June 30, 2017 7,966,610 $ 1.60 There were no option exercises during the six months ended June 30, 2017 or 2016. |