Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] | 7. Share-Based Compensation The Company has adopted incentive and nonqualified stock option plans for executive, scientific and administrative personnel of the Company as well as outside directors and consultants. In June 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan, increasing the number of shares reserved for issuance from 11,230,000 14,230,000 As of September 30, 2017, there are 12,242,004 0.86 13.75 2,725,000 2,355,358 The Company records compensation expense associated with stock options and other equity-based compensation in accordance with provisions of authoritative guidance. Compensation costs are recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the option vesting term of up to three years. Awards with 30,500 10,100 The Company’s net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 includes non-cash compensation expense of $ 516,237 2,201,401 Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2017 2016 Research and development $ 225,342 $ 578,626 General and administrative 290,895 1,622,775 Share-based compensation expense $ 516,237 $ 2,201,401 Net share-based compensation expense, per common share: Basic and diluted $ 0.01 $ 0.05 The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employees. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes-Merton, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value of an award. Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2017 2016 Expected volatility 78.92 % 83.03 % Risk-free interest rate 1.97 % 1.31 % Expected term of option 6.34 years 5.41 years Forfeiture rate - 3.00 %* Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % * - In 2016, authoritative guidance required forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016, forfeitures were estimated at 3%. The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $ 0.73 0.75 Weighted Average Number of Exercise Options Price Outstanding at January 1, 2017 9,535,306 $ 1.57 Granted 3,699,500 $ 1.04 Exercised - $ - Expired (992,802) $ 1.64 Forfeited - $ - Outstanding at September 30, 2017 12,242,004 $ 1.41 Exercisable at September 30, 2017 8,330,511 $ 1.59 There were no option exercises during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 or 2016. |