Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | 4. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. The Company trades and makes markets globally in listed futures, over-the-counter (“OTC”) swaps, forwards, options and other derivatives referencing, among other things, interest rates, currencies, investment grade and non-investment grade corporate credits, loans, bonds, U.S. and other sovereign securities, emerging market bonds and loans, cr edit indices, asset-backed security indices, property indices, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, and real estate loan products. For a further discussion of the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities , see Note 4 to the con solidated financial statements in the 2015 Form 10-K. Fair Value, Notional and Offsetting of Derivative Instruments. Fair Value, Notional and Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities . Derivative Assets at March 31, 2016 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Interest rate contracts $ 3,209 $ 2,897 $ — $ 6,106 $ 34,259 $ 57,400 $ — $ 91,659 Foreign exchange contracts 27 — — 27 1,527 — — 1,527 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges 3,236 2,897 — 6,133 35,786 57,400 — 93,186 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(1): Interest rate contracts 273,635 146,182 242 420,059 4,254,497 5,634,287 1,243,384 11,132,168 Credit contracts 16,774 3,527 — 20,301 535,066 157,290 — 692,356 Foreign exchange contracts 72,794 423 76 73,293 1,900,339 14,915 11,542 1,926,796 Equity contracts 21,174 — 23,356 44,530 288,517 — 259,466 547,983 Commodity contracts 13,786 — 3,832 17,618 67,085 — 82,933 150,018 Other 19 — — 19 2,111 — — 2,111 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 398,182 150,132 27,506 575,820 7,047,615 5,806,492 1,597,325 14,451,432 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 401,418 $ 153,029 $ 27,506 $ 581,953 $ 7,083,401 $ 5,863,892 $ 1,597,325 $ 14,544,618 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (314,379) (149,342) (24,456) (488,177) Cash collateral netting (55,371) (2,562) — (57,933) Total derivative assets at fair value included in Trading assets $ 31,668 $ 1,125 $ 3,050 $ 35,843 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (10,299) — — (10,299) Other cash collateral (13) — — (13) Net exposure $ 21,356 $ 1,125 $ 3,050 $ 25,531 Derivative Liabilities at March 31, 2016 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Foreign exchange contracts $ 364 $ 28 $ — $ 392 $ 8,267 $ 783 $ — $ 9,050 Total derivatives designated as . accounting hedges 364 28 — 392 8,267 783 — 9,050 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(1): Interest rate contracts 251,687 147,016 347 399,050 3,943,566 5,517,043 903,713 10,364,322 Credit contracts 17,616 3,651 — 21,267 569,403 144,845 — 714,248 Foreign exchange contracts 76,098 503 49 76,650 1,960,735 15,602 6,107 1,982,444 Equity contracts 23,973 — 23,906 47,879 331,715 — 252,398 584,113 Commodity contracts 11,240 — 3,499 14,739 62,976 — 65,323 128,299 Other 116 — — 116 4,858 — — 4,858 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 380,730 151,170 27,801 559,701 6,873,253 5,677,490 1,227,541 13,778,284 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 381,094 $ 151,198 $ 27,801 $ 560,093 $ 6,881,520 $ 5,678,273 $ 1,227,541 $ 13,787,334 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (314,379) (149,342) (24,456) (488,177) Cash collateral netting (36,868) (1,651) — (38,519) Total derivative liabilities at fair value included in Trading liabilities $ 29,847 $ 205 $ 3,345 $ 33,397 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (8,368) — (308) (8,676) Other cash collateral (4) (25) — (29) Net exposure $ 21,475 $ 180 $ 3,037 $ 24,692 Derivative Assets at December 31, 2015 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Interest rate contracts $ 2,825 $ 1,442 $ — $ 4,267 $ 36,999 $ 35,362 $ — $ 72,361 Foreign exchange contracts 166 1 — 167 5,996 167 — 6,163 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges 2,991 1,443 — 4,434 42,995 35,529 — 78,524 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(4): Interest rate contracts 220,289 101,276 212 321,777 4,348,002 5,748,525 1,218,645 11,315,172 Credit contracts 19,310 3,609 — 22,919 585,731 139,301 — 725,032 Foreign exchange contracts 64,438 295 55 64,788 1,907,290 13,402 7,715 1,928,407 Equity contracts 20,212 — 20,077 40,289 316,770 — 229,859 546,629 Commodity contracts 13,114 — 4,038 17,152 67,449 — 82,313 149,762 Other 219 — — 219 5,684 — — 5,684 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 337,582 105,180 24,382 467,144 7,230,926 5,901,228 1,538,532 14,670,686 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 340,573 $ 106,623 $ 24,382 $ 471,578 $ 7,273,921 $ 5,936,757 $ 1,538,532 $ 14,749,210 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (265,707) (104,294) (21,592) (391,593) Cash collateral netting (50,335) (1,037) — (51,372) Total derivative assets at fair value included in Trading assets $ 24,531 $ 1,292 $ 2,790 $ 28,613 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (9,190) — — (9,190) Other cash collateral (9) — — (9) Net exposure $ 15,332 $ 1,292 $ 2,790 $ 19,414 Derivative Liabilities at December 31, 2015 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Interest rate contracts $ 20 $ 250 $ — $ 270 $ 3,560 $ 9,869 $ — $ 13,429 Foreign exchange contracts 56 6 — 62 4,604 455 — 5,059 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges 76 256 — 332 8,164 10,324 — 18,488 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(4): Interest rate contracts 203,004 103,852 283 307,139 4,030,039 5,682,322 1,077,710 10,790,071 Credit contracts 19,942 3,723 — 23,665 562,027 131,388 — 693,415 Foreign exchange contracts 65,034 232 22 65,288 1,868,015 13,322 2,655 1,883,992 Equity contracts 25,708 — 20,424 46,132 332,734 — 229,266 562,000 Commodity contracts 10,864 — 3,887 14,751 59,169 — 62,974 122,143 Other 43 — — 43 4,114 — — 4,114 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 324,595 107,807 24,616 457,018 6,856,098 5,827,032 1,372,605 14,055,735 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 324,671 $ 108,063 $ 24,616 $ 457,350 $ 6,864,262 $ 5,837,356 $ 1,372,605 $ 14,074,223 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (265,707) (104,294) (21,592) (391,593) Cash collateral netting (33,332) (2,951) — (36,283) Total derivative liabilities at fair value included in Trading liabilities $ 25,632 $ 818 $ 3,024 $ 29,474 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (5,384) — (405) (5,789) Other cash collateral (5) — — (5) Net exposure $ 20,243 $ 818 $ 2,619 $ 23,680 _____________ (1) Notional amounts include gross notionals related to open long and short futures contracts of $ 967.4 billion and $ 399.2 billion, respectively. The unsettled fair value on these futures contracts (excluded from the table above) of $ 895 million and $ 371 million is included in Customer and other receivables and Customer and other payables, res pectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. (2) Amounts include $ 5.3 billion of derivative assets and $ 5.8 billion of derivative liabilities at March 31, 2016 and $ 4.2 billion of derivative assets and $ 5.2 billion of derivative liabilities at December 31, 2015 , which are either not subject to master netting agreements or collateral agreements or are subject to such agreements but the Company has not determined the agreements to be legally enforceabl e. (3) Amounts relate to master netting agreements and collateral agreements that have been determined by the Company to be legally enforceable in the event of default but where certain other criteria are not met in accordance with applicable offsetting ac counting guidance. (4) Notional amounts include gross notionals related to open long and short futures contracts of $ 1,009.5 billion and $ 653.0 billion, respectively. The unsettled fair value on these futures contracts (excluded from the table above) of $ 1 ,145 million and $ 437 million is included in Customer and other receivables and Customer and other payables, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For information related to offsetting of certain collateralized transactions, see Not e 6. Gains (Losses) on Fair Value Hedges. Gains (Losses) Recognized in Interest Expense Three Months Ended March 31, Product Type 2016 2015 (dollars in millions) Derivatives $ 2,150 $ 758 Borrowings (2,289) (843) Total $ (139) $ (85) Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges. Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI (effective portion) Three Months Ended March 31, Product Type 2016 2015 (dollars in millions) Foreign exchange contracts(1) $ (224) $ 262 ____________ (1) Losses of $ 20 million and $ 44 million related to the forward points on the hedging instruments were excluded from hedge effectiveness testing and recognized in Interest income during the quarters ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Gains (Losses) on Trading Instruments. The table below summarizes gains and losses included in Trading revenues in the condensed consolidated statement s of income from trading activities. These activities include revenues related to d erivative and non-derivative financial instruments. The Company generally utilizes financial instruments across a variety of product types in connection with their market-making and related risk management strategies. Accordingly, the trading revenues pres ented below are not representative of the manner in which the Company manages its business activities and are prepared in a manner similar to the presentation of trading revenues for regulatory reporting purposes. Gains (Losses) Recognized in Trading Revenues Three Months Ended March 31, Product Type 2016 2015 (dollars in millions) Interest rate contracts $ 306 $ 570 Foreign exchange contracts 237 345 Equity security and index contracts(1) 1,330 1,595 Commodity and other contracts(2) (144) 676 Credit contracts 336 339 Subtotal $ 2,065 $ 3,525 Debt valuation adjustments(3) — 125 Total trading revenue $ 2,065 $ 3,650 ____________ (1) Dividend income is included within equity security and index contracts. (2) Other contracts represent contracts not reported as interest rate, foreign exchange, equity security and index or credit contracts. (3) In accordance with the early adoption of a provision of the accounting update Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , unrealized DVA gains (losses) in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 are recorded within OCI in the c ondensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In the quarter ended March 31, 2015, the DVA gains (losses) were recorded within Trading revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of income. See Notes 2 and 14 for further information. OTC Derivative Products—Trading Assets. Counterparty Credit Rating a nd Remaining Maturity of OTC Derivative Assets. Fair Value at March 31, 2016(1) Contractual Years to Maturity Cross-Maturity and Cash Collateral Netting(3) Net Exposure Post-cash Collateral Net Exposure Post-collateral(4) Credit Rating(2) Less than 1 1 - 3 3 - 5 Over 5 (dollars in millions) AAA $ 182 $ 567 $ 1,344 $ 4,683 $ (5,272) $ 1,504 $ 1,425 AA 2,524 1,488 1,750 12,747 (13,148) 5,361 3,045 A 10,143 7,440 4,984 26,567 (38,249) 10,885 7,603 BBB 4,953 4,487 2,246 13,055 (16,119) 8,622 6,426 Non-investment grade 5,065 2,804 1,277 5,024 (7,762) 6,408 3,982 Total $ 22,867 $ 16,786 $ 11,601 $ 62,076 $ (80,550) $ 32,780 $ 22,481 Fair Value at December 31, 2015(1) Contractual Years to Maturity Cross-Maturity and Cash Collateral Netting(3) Net Exposure Post-cash Collateral Net Exposure Post-collateral(4) Credit Rating(2) Less than 1 1-3 3-5 Over 5 (dollars in millions) AAA $ 203 $ 453 $ 827 $ 3,665 $ (4,319) $ 829 $ 715 AA 2,689 2,000 1,876 9,223 (10,981) 4,807 2,361 A 9,748 8,191 4,774 20,918 (34,916) 8,715 5,448 BBB 3,614 4,863 1,948 11,801 (15,086) 7,140 4,934 Non-investment grade 3,982 2,333 1,157 3,567 (6,716) 4,323 3,166 Total $ 20,236 $ 17,840 $ 10,582 $ 49,174 $ (72,018) $ 25,814 $ 16,624 _____________ (1) Fair values shown represent the Company’s net exposure to counterparties related to its OTC derivative products. (2) Obligor credit ratings are determined by the Credit Risk Management Department. (3) Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty across maturity categories. Receivable and payable balances with the same counterparty in the same maturity category are netted within such maturity category, where appropriate. Cash colla teral received is netted on a counterparty basis, provided legal right of offset exists. (4) Fair value is shown, net of collateral received ( primarily cash and U.S. government and agency securities). Credit Risk-Related Contingencies. In connection wi th certain OTC trading agreements, the Company may be required to provide additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding liability balances with certain counterparties in the event of a credit rating downgrade of the Company. Net Derivative Liabilities and Collateral Posted. The following table presents the aggregate fair value of certain derivative contracts that contain credit risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position for which the Company has posted collateral in the normal course of business. At March 31, 2016 (dollars in millions) Net derivative liabilities $ 28,798 Collateral posted 24,146 The additional collateral or termination payments that may be called in the event of a future credit rating downgrade vary by contract and can be based on ratings by either or both of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“ Moody’s”) and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“ S&P”) . The table below shows the future potential collateral amounts and termination payments that could be called or required by counterparties or exchange and clearing organizations in the event of one-notch or two-notch downgrade scen arios based on the relevant contractual downgrade triggers. Incremental Collateral or Termination Payments upon Potential Future Ratings Downgrade. At March 31, 2016(1) (dollars in millions) One-notch downgrade $ 1,148 Two-notch downgrade 1,496 ________ (1) Amounts include $ 1,666 million related to bilateral arrangements between the Company and other parties where upon the downgrade of one party, the downgraded party must deliver collateral to the other party. These bilateral downgrade arrangements are used by the Company to manage the risk of counterparty downgrade s . Credit Derivatives and Other Credit Contracts. The Company enters into credit derivatives, principally through cred it default swaps, under which it receives or provides protection against the risk of default on a set of debt obligations issued by a specified reference entity or entities. A majority of the Company’s counterparties are banks, broker-dealers and insurance and other financial institutions. N otional and F air V alue of P rotection S old and P rotection P urchased through C redit D efault S waps . At March 31, 2016 Protection Sold Protection Purchased Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps $ 402,123 $ 1,055 $ 387,777 $ (1,100) Index and basket credit default swaps 214,815 (39) 181,184 (193) Tranched index and basket credit default swaps 68,229 (1,143) 152,476 2,386 Total $ 685,167 $ (127) $ 721,437 $ 1,093 At December 31, 2015 Protection Sold Protection Purchased Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps $ 420,806 $ 1,980 $ 405,361 $ (2,079) Index and basket credit default swaps 199,688 (102) 173,936 (82) Tranched index and basket credit default swaps 69,025 (1,093) 149,631 2,122 Total $ 689,519 $ 785 $ 728,928 $ (39) Credit Ratings of Reference Obligation and Maturities of Credit Protection Sold . At March 31, 2016 Maximum Potential Payout/Notional Fair Value (Asset)/ Liability(1) Years to Maturity Less than 1 1-3 3-5 Over 5 Total (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps: Investment grade $ 87,072 $ 123,998 $ 57,920 $ 13,162 $ 282,152 $ (1,367) Non-investment grade 41,992 52,389 22,907 2,683 119,971 2,422 Total $ 129,064 $ 176,387 $ 80,827 $ 15,845 $ 402,123 $ 1,055 Index and basket credit default swaps: Investment grade $ 32,276 $ 59,013 $ 45,293 $ 19,020 $ 155,602 $ (1,802) Non-investment grade 53,291 44,154 12,657 17,340 127,442 620 Total $ 85,567 $ 103,167 $ 57,950 $ 36,360 $ 283,044 $ (1,182) Total credit default swaps sold $ 214,631 $ 279,554 $ 138,777 $ 52,205 $ 685,167 $ (127) Other credit contracts 27 44 5 323 399 (2) Total credit derivatives and other credit contracts $ 214,658 $ 279,598 $ 138,782 $ 52,528 $ 685,566 $ (129) At December 31, 2015 Maximum Potential Payout/Notional Fair Value (Asset)/ Liability(1) Years to Maturity Less than 1 1-3 3-5 Over 5 Total (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps: Investment grade $ 84,543 $ 138,467 $ 63,754 $ 12,906 $ 299,670 $ (1,831) Non-investment grade 38,054 56,261 24,432 2,389 121,136 3,811 Total $ 122,597 $ 194,728 $ 88,186 $ 15,295 $ 420,806 $ 1,980 Index and basket credit default swaps: Investment grade $ 33,507 $ 59,403 $ 45,505 $ 5,327 $ 143,742 $ (1,977) Non-investment grade 52,590 43,899 15,480 13,002 124,971 782 Total $ 86,097 $ 103,302 $ 60,985 $ 18,329 $ 268,713 $ (1,195) Total credit default swaps sold $ 208,694 $ 298,030 $ 149,171 $ 33,624 $ 689,519 $ 785 Other credit contracts 19 107 2 332 460 (24) Total credit derivatives and other credit contracts $ 208,713 $ 298,137 $ 149,173 $ 33,956 $ 689,979 $ 761 _____________ (1) Fair value amounts are shown on a gross basis prior to cash collateral or counterparty netting. Purchased Credit Protection with Identical Underlying Reference Obligations. For single name and non-tranched index and basket credit default swaps, the Company has purchased protection with a not ional amount of approximately $ 566.4 billion and $ 577.7 billion at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, compared with a not ional amount of approximately $ 614.9 billion and $ 619.5 billion (included in the tables above) at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, of credit protection sold with identical un derlying reference obligations. For further information on credit derivatives and o ther credit contracts, see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in the 2015 Form 10-K . |