Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | 4. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities For a discussion of the Firm ’s derivative instruments and hedging activities , see Note 4 to the consol idated financial statements in the 2015 Form 10-K. Fair Value, Notional and Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities Derivative Assets at June 30, 2016 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Interest rate contracts $ 3,325 $ 3,798 $ — $ 7,123 $ 34,003 $ 58,245 $ — $ 92,248 Foreign exchange contracts 88 — — 88 2,795 59 — 2,854 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges 3,413 3,798 — 7,211 36,798 58,304 — 95,102 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(1): Interest rate contracts 287,757 168,366 328 456,451 3,940,102 6,615,199 1,636,768 12,192,069 Credit contracts 13,734 2,727 — 16,461 434,478 133,037 — 567,515 Foreign exchange contracts 75,891 386 140 76,417 1,851,368 16,653 21,279 1,889,300 Equity contracts 22,043 — 20,486 42,529 341,039 — 259,453 600,492 Commodity contracts 11,785 — 3,724 15,509 72,700 — 83,156 155,856 Other 16 — — 16 1,135 — — 1,135 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 411,226 171,479 24,678 607,383 6,640,822 6,764,889 2,000,656 15,406,367 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 414,639 $ 175,277 $ 24,678 $ 614,594 $ 6,677,620 $ 6,823,193 $ 2,000,656 $ 15,501,469 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (321,553) (173,222) (21,214) (515,989) Cash collateral netting (60,352) (95) — (60,447) Total derivative assets at fair value included in Trading assets $ 32,734 $ 1,960 $ 3,464 $ 38,158 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (12,011) — — (12,011) Other cash collateral (23) — — (23) Net exposure $ 20,700 $ 1,960 $ 3,464 $ 26,124 Derivative Liabilities at June 30, 2016 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Interest rate contracts $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 32 $ — $ 32 Foreign exchange contracts $ 492 $ 23 $ — $ 515 $ 8,348 $ 689 $ — $ 9,037 Total derivatives designated as . accounting hedges 492 23 — 515 8,348 721 — 9,069 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(1): Interest rate contracts 265,270 172,084 412 437,766 3,654,941 6,558,339 760,822 10,974,102 Credit contracts 14,888 2,933 — 17,821 489,656 115,979 — 605,635 Foreign exchange contracts 77,614 414 82 78,110 1,837,572 15,817 10,511 1,863,900 Equity contracts 25,633 — 20,916 46,549 342,625 — 261,986 604,611 Commodity contracts 9,390 — 3,389 12,779 68,095 — 64,896 132,991 Other 102 — — 102 4,817 — — 4,817 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 392,897 175,431 24,799 593,127 6,397,706 6,690,135 1,098,215 14,186,056 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 393,389 $ 175,454 $ 24,799 $ 593,642 $ 6,406,054 $ 6,690,856 $ 1,098,215 $ 14,195,125 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (321,553) (173,222) (21,214) (515,989) Cash collateral netting (38,378) (1,952) — (40,330) Total derivative liabilities at fair value included in Trading liabilities $ 33,458 $ 280 $ 3,585 $ 37,323 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (11,509) — (514) (12,023) Other cash collateral (10) (41) — (51) Net exposure $ 21,939 $ 239 $ 3,071 $ 25,249 Derivative Assets at December 31, 2015 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Interest rate contracts $ 2,825 $ 1,442 $ — $ 4,267 $ 36,999 $ 35,362 $ — $ 72,361 Foreign exchange contracts 166 1 — 167 5,996 167 — 6,163 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges 2,991 1,443 — 4,434 42,995 35,529 — 78,524 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(4): Interest rate contracts 220,289 101,276 212 321,777 4,348,002 5,748,525 1,218,645 11,315,172 Credit contracts 19,310 3,609 — 22,919 585,731 139,301 — 725,032 Foreign exchange contracts 64,438 295 55 64,788 1,907,290 13,402 7,715 1,928,407 Equity contracts 20,212 — 20,077 40,289 316,770 — 229,859 546,629 Commodity contracts 13,114 — 4,038 17,152 67,449 — 82,313 149,762 Other 219 — — 219 5,684 — — 5,684 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 337,582 105,180 24,382 467,144 7,230,926 5,901,228 1,538,532 14,670,686 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 340,573 $ 106,623 $ 24,382 $ 471,578 $ 7,273,921 $ 5,936,757 $ 1,538,532 $ 14,749,210 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (265,707) (104,294) (21,592) (391,593) Cash collateral netting (50,335) (1,037) — (51,372) Total derivative assets at fair value included in Trading assets $ 24,531 $ 1,292 $ 2,790 $ 28,613 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (9,190) — — (9,190) Other cash collateral (9) — — (9) Net exposure $ 15,332 $ 1,292 $ 2,790 $ 19,414 Derivative Liabilities at December 31, 2015 Fair Value Notional Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total Bilateral OTC Cleared OTC Exchange Traded Total (dollars in millions) Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: Interest rate contracts $ 20 $ 250 $ — $ 270 $ 3,560 $ 9,869 $ — $ 13,429 Foreign exchange contracts 56 6 — 62 4,604 455 — 5,059 Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges 76 256 — 332 8,164 10,324 — 18,488 Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges(4): Interest rate contracts 203,004 103,852 283 307,139 4,030,039 5,682,322 1,077,710 10,790,071 Credit contracts 19,942 3,723 — 23,665 562,027 131,388 — 693,415 Foreign exchange contracts 65,034 232 22 65,288 1,868,015 13,322 2,655 1,883,992 Equity contracts 25,708 — 20,424 46,132 332,734 — 229,266 562,000 Commodity contracts 10,864 — 3,887 14,751 59,169 — 62,974 122,143 Other 43 — — 43 4,114 — — 4,114 Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges 324,595 107,807 24,616 457,018 6,856,098 5,827,032 1,372,605 14,055,735 Total gross derivatives(2) $ 324,671 $ 108,063 $ 24,616 $ 457,350 $ 6,864,262 $ 5,837,356 $ 1,372,605 $ 14,074,223 Amounts offset: Counterparty netting (265,707) (104,294) (21,592) (391,593) Cash collateral netting (33,332) (2,951) — (36,283) Total derivative liabilities at fair value included in Trading liabilities $ 25,632 $ 818 $ 3,024 $ 29,474 Amounts not offset(3): Financial instruments collateral (5,384) — (405) (5,789) Other cash collateral (5) — — (5) Net exposure $ 20,243 $ 818 $ 2,619 $ 23,680 _____________ OTC—Over-the-counter (1) Notional amounts include gross notionals related to open long and short futures contracts of $ 1,300.0 billion and $ 372.8 billion, respectively. The unsettled fair value on these futures contracts (excluded from this table) of $ 1,631 million and $ 153 million is included in Customer and other receivables and Customer and other payables, respecti vely, in the consolidated balance sheets. (2) Amounts include transactions which are either not subject to master netting agreements or collateral agreements or are subject to such agreements but the Firm has not determined the agreements to be legally en forceable as follows: $ 4.8 billion of derivative assets and $ 6.3 billion of derivative liabilities at June 30, 2016 , and $ 4.2 billion of derivative assets and $ 5.2 billion of derivative liabilities at December 31, 2015 . (3) Amounts relate to master netting agreements and collateral agreements that have been determined by the Firm to be legally enforceable in the event of default but where certain other criteria are not met in accordance with applicable offsettin g accounting guidance. (4) Notional amounts include gross notionals related to open long and short futures contracts of $ 1,009.5 billion and $ 653.0 billion, respectively. The unsettled fair value on these futures contracts (excluded from this table) of $ 1, 145 million and $ 437 million is included in Customer and other receivables and Customer and other payables, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. For information related to offsetting of certain collateralized transactions, see Note 6. Gains (Losses) on Fair Value Hedges Gains (Losses) Recognized in Interest Expense Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, Product Type 2016 2015 2016 2015 (dollars in millions) Derivatives $ 969 $ (1,899) $ 3,119 $ (1,141) Borrowings (993) 1,861 (3,282) 1,018 Total $ (24) $ (38) $ (163) $ (123) Gains (Losses) on Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges Gains (Losses) Recognized in OCI (effective portion) Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, Product Type 2016 2015 2016 2015 (dollars in millions) Foreign exchange contracts(1) $ (112) $ (81) $ (336) $ 181 ____________ (1) Losses of $ 19 million and $ 39 million related to the forward points on the hedging instruments were excluded from hedge effectiveness testing and recognized in Interest income during the current quarter and current year period , respectively. Losses of $ 36 million and $ 80 million related to the forward points on the hedging instruments were excluded from hedge effectiveness testing and recognized in Interest income during the prior year quarter and prior year period , respectively. Gains (Losses) on Trading Instruments The following table summarizes gains and losses included in Trading revenues in the consolidated statement s of income from trading activities. These activities include revenues related to derivative and non-derivative financial instruments. The Firm generally utilizes financial instruments across a variety of product types in connection with their market-making and related risk management strategies. Accordingly, the trading revenues presented in the foll owing table are not representative of the manner in which the Firm manages its business activities and are prepared in a manner similar to the presentation of trading revenues for regulatory reporting purposes. Gains (Losses) Recognized in Trading Revenues Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, Product Type 2016 2015 2016 2015 (dollars in millions) Interest rate contracts $ 320 $ 355 $ 626 $ 925 Foreign exchange contracts 362 170 599 515 Equity security and index contracts(1) 1,615 1,746 2,945 3,341 Commodity and other contracts(2) 20 140 (124) 816 Credit contracts 429 380 765 719 Subtotal $ 2,746 $ 2,791 $ 4,811 $ 6,316 Debt valuation adjustments(3) — 182 — 307 Total trading revenue $ 2,746 $ 2,973 $ 4,811 $ 6,623 ____________ (1) Dividend income is included within equity security and index contracts. (2) Other contracts represent contracts not reported as interest rate, foreign exchange, equity security and index or credit contracts. (3) In accordance with the early adoption of a provision of the accounting update Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , unrealized DVA gains (losses) in the current quarter and current year period are recorded within OCI in the consolidated statement s of comprehensive income. In the prior year quarter and prior year period , the DVA gains (losses) were recorded within Trading revenues in the consolidated statement s of income. See Notes 2 and 14 for further informatio n. OTC Derivative Products—Trading Assets Counterparty Credit Rating and Remaining Maturity of OTC Derivative Assets Fair Value at June 30, 2016(1) Contractual Years to Maturity Cross-Maturity and Cash Collateral Netting(3) Net Exposure Post-cash Collateral Net Exposure Post-collateral(4) Credit Rating(2) Less than 1 1 - 3 3 - 5 Over 5 (dollars in millions) AAA $ 137 $ 396 $ 1,312 $ 4,360 $ (4,953) $ 1,252 $ 1,175 AA 3,156 1,502 1,814 12,226 (12,717) 5,981 3,771 A 11,078 7,607 5,336 28,058 (38,694) 13,385 7,784 BBB 5,794 4,489 2,622 15,861 (19,993) 8,773 6,808 Non-investment grade 3,923 2,505 996 5,370 (7,514) 5,280 3,122 Total $ 24,088 $ 16,499 $ 12,080 $ 65,875 $ (83,871) $ 34,671 $ 22,660 Fair Value at December 31, 2015(1) Contractual Years to Maturity Cross-Maturity and Cash Collateral Netting(3) Net Exposure Post-cash Collateral Net Exposure Post-collateral(4) Credit Rating(2) Less than 1 1-3 3-5 Over 5 (dollars in millions) AAA $ 203 $ 453 $ 827 $ 3,665 $ (4,319) $ 829 $ 715 AA 2,689 2,000 1,876 9,223 (10,981) 4,807 2,361 A 9,748 8,191 4,774 20,918 (34,916) 8,715 5,448 BBB 3,614 4,863 1,948 11,801 (15,086) 7,140 4,934 Non-investment grade 3,982 2,333 1,157 3,567 (6,716) 4,323 3,166 Total $ 20,236 $ 17,840 $ 10,582 $ 49,174 $ (72,018) $ 25,814 $ 16,624 _____________ (1) Fair values shown represent the Firm ’s net exposure to counterparties related to its OTC derivative products. (2) Obligor credit ratings are determined by the Credit Risk Management Department. (3) Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty across maturity categories. Receivable and payable balances with the same counterparty in the same maturity category are netted within such maturity category, where appropriate. Cash colla teral received is netted on a counterparty basis, provided legal right of offset exists. (4) Fair value is shown, net of collateral received ( primarily cash and U.S. government and agency securities). Credit Risk-Related Contingencies In connection with certain OTC trading agreements, the Firm may be required to provide additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding liability balances with certain counterparties in the event of a credit rating downgrade of the Firm. Net Derivative Liabilities and Collateral Posted The following table presents the aggregate fair value of certain derivative contracts that contain credit risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position for which the Firm has posted collateral in the normal course of business. At June 30, 2016 (dollars in millions) Net derivative liabilities $ 28,999 Collateral posted 24,217 The additional collateral or termination payments that may be called in the event of a future credit rating downgrade vary by contract and can be based on ratings by either or both of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“ Moody’s”) and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“ S&P”) . The following table shows the future potential collateral amounts and termination payments that could be called or required by counterparties or exchange and clearing organizations in the event of one-notch or two-notch downgrade scen arios based on the relevant contractual downgrade triggers. Incremental Collateral or Termination Payments upon Potential Future Ratings Downgrade At June 30, 2016(1) (dollars in millions) One-notch downgrade $ 1,075 Two-notch downgrade 1,233 ________ (1) Amounts include $ 1,481 million related to bilateral arrangements between the Firm and other parties where upon the downgrade of one party, the downgraded party must deliver collateral to the other party. These bilateral downgrade arrangements are used by the Firm to manage the risk of counterparty downgrade s . Credit Derivatives and Other Credit Contracts The Firm enters into credit derivatives, principally through credit default swaps, under which it receives or provides protection against the risk of default on a set of debt obligations issued by a specified reference entity or entities. A majority of the Firm’s counterparties are banks, broker-dealers and insurance and other financial institutions. Notional and Fair Value of Protection Sold and Protection Purchased through Credit Default Swaps At June 30, 2016 Protection Sold Protection Purchased Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps $ 347,624 $ 463 $ 338,727 $ (453) Index and basket credit default swaps 176,009 726 143,734 (771) Tranched index and basket credit default swaps 43,657 (793) 123,399 2,188 Total $ 567,290 $ 396 $ 605,860 $ 964 At December 31, 2015 Protection Sold Protection Purchased Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability Notional Fair Value (Asset)/Liability (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps $ 420,806 $ 1,980 $ 405,361 $ (2,079) Index and basket credit default swaps 199,688 (102) 173,936 (82) Tranched index and basket credit default swaps 69,025 (1,093) 149,631 2,122 Total $ 689,519 $ 785 $ 728,928 $ (39) Credit Ratings of Reference Obligation and Maturities of Credit Protection Sold At June 30, 2016 Maximum Potential Payout/Notional Fair Value (Asset)/ Liability(1) Years to Maturity Less than 1 1-3 3-5 Over 5 Total (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps(2): Investment grade $ 92,734 $ 94,348 $ 48,928 $ 11,097 $ 247,107 $ (1,079) Non-investment grade 42,370 38,348 18,381 1,418 100,517 1,542 Total $ 135,104 $ 132,696 $ 67,309 $ 12,515 $ 347,624 $ 463 Index and basket credit default swaps(2): Investment grade $ 24,110 $ 39,948 $ 42,887 $ 4,060 $ 111,005 $ (1,222) Non-investment grade 51,914 28,315 13,761 14,671 108,661 1,155 Total $ 76,024 $ 68,263 $ 56,648 $ 18,731 $ 219,666 $ (67) Total credit default swaps sold $ 211,128 $ 200,959 $ 123,957 $ 31,246 $ 567,290 $ 396 Other credit contracts 43 25 — 276 344 (17) Total credit derivatives and other credit contracts $ 211,171 $ 200,984 $ 123,957 $ 31,522 $ 567,634 $ 379 At December 31, 2015 Maximum Potential Payout/Notional Fair Value (Asset)/ Liability(1) Years to Maturity Less than 1 1-3 3-5 Over 5 Total (dollars in millions) Single name credit default swaps(2): Investment grade $ 84,543 $ 138,467 $ 63,754 $ 12,906 $ 299,670 $ (1,831) Non-investment grade 38,054 56,261 24,432 2,389 121,136 3,811 Total $ 122,597 $ 194,728 $ 88,186 $ 15,295 $ 420,806 $ 1,980 Index and basket credit default swaps(2): Investment grade $ 33,507 $ 59,403 $ 45,505 $ 5,327 $ 143,742 $ (1,977) Non-investment grade 52,590 43,899 15,480 13,002 124,971 782 Total $ 86,097 $ 103,302 $ 60,985 $ 18,329 $ 268,713 $ (1,195) Total credit default swaps sold $ 208,694 $ 298,030 $ 149,171 $ 33,624 $ 689,519 $ 785 Other credit contracts 19 107 2 332 460 (24) Total credit derivatives and other credit contracts $ 208,713 $ 298,137 $ 149,173 $ 33,956 $ 689,979 $ 761 _____________ (1) Fair value amounts are shown on a gross basis prior to cash collateral or counterparty netting. (2) In order to provide an indication of the current payment status or performance risk of the CDS, a breakdown of CDS based on the Firm’s internal credit ratings by investment grade and non-investment grade is provided. Internal credit ratings serve as the Credit Risk Management Department’s assessment of credit risk, and the basis for a comprehensive credit limits framework used to c ontrol credit risk. The Firm uses quantitative models and judgment to estimate the various risk parameters related to each obligor. Internal ratings procedures, methodologies, and models are all independently and formally governed, and models and methodolo gies are reviewed by a separate model risk management oversight function. Purchased Credit Protection with Identical Underlying Reference Obligations For single name and non-tranched index and basket credit default swaps, the Firm has purchased protection with a not ional amount of approximately $ 480.1 billion and $ 577.7 billion at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, compared with a not ional amount of approximately $ 521.9 billion and $ 619.5 billion (included in the previous tables) at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively, of credit protection sold with identical un derlying reference obligations. For further information on credit derivatives and other credit contracts, see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in the 2015 Form 10-K . |