Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include the accounts of Harbor Diversified, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, Harbor or the Company). The Company’s subsidiaries consist of its wholly owned subsidiaries, Harbor Therapeutics, Inc. (which is a non-operating Description of Operations The Company is comprised of principal lines of business focused on (1) providing air transportation (airline business), (2) acquiring aircraft rotable equipment for the purpose of leasing to Air Wisconsin and (3) providing flight equipment financing to Air Wisconsin. The airline business is operated entirely through Air Wisconsin, an independent regional air carrier that is engaged in the business of providing scheduled passenger service under capacity purchase agreements (CPA) with United Airlines, Inc. (United or UA), and American Airlines, Inc. (American or AA). See Note 3 to the financial statements for further information regarding the service agreements with these partner airlines. The CPA with AA ended in February 2018. As of December 31, 2019, Air Wisconsin operated as a United Express carrier primarily in Chicago (O’Hare) and Washington, D. C. (Dulles). Segment Reporting Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. In consideration of ASC 280, “ Segment Reporting As further discussed below, all of our operating revenue in 2019 and 2018 was derived from operations associated with our United or American CPAs. It is currently impractical to provide certain information on our revenue from our customers for our services and geographic information on our revenues and long-lived assets. Contract and Other Revenues In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, The major airline partners make provisional cash payments to the Company during each month of service based on monthly flight schedules and the provisional cash payments are reconciled based on actual completed flights after each month’s flight activity is completed. As a lessor, for our aircraft operated under our CPA, we have historically accounted for the non-lease non-lease Under the nonrefundable up-front up-front 340-40, up-front The Company recognizes revenue under its CPAs with United and American over time as the service is provided. For the year ended December 31, 2019, revenue from the CPA with United represented 100% of contract revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2018, contract revenues from the Company’s CPAs with United and American were 97.2% and 2.8%, respectively. United pays the Company a fixed rate for each departure and block hour (measured from takeoff to landing, including taxi time), and a fixed amount per aircraft each month, with additional incentives primarily based on flight completion, on-time For the year ended December 31, 2019 2018 Capacity purchase agreements revenue: flight operations $ 263,495 $ 123,375 Capacity purchase agreements revenue: aircraft lease — 117,177 Contract Revenues $ 263,495 $ 240,552 A portion of the Company’s compensation under the CPA is designed to reimburse the Company for certain aircraft ownership costs. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the consideration received for the use of the aircraft under the Company’s CPA is reflected as lease revenue, inasmuch as the agreements identify the “right of use” of a specific number of aircraft over a stated period of time. Under the application of ASC 840 for the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company is required to apply the allocation objective of the new revenue recognition standard (Topic 606) to the lease and non-lease The property associated with the aircraft lease had a cost of $45,896, accumulated depreciation of $5,851, and a net carrying value of $40,045 at December 31, 2018. The contingent variable revenue associated with the aircraft lease for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $57,252. The Company’s CPA with United includes weekly provisional cash payments based on a projected level of flying each month. The Company and United subsequently reconcile these payments to the actual completed flight activity on a monthly basis. Under the CPA with United, the Company is eligible to receive incentive compensation upon the achievement of certain performance criteria. The incentives are defined in the CPA and are measured and determined on a monthly basis. At the end of each month during the term of the CPA, the Company calculates the incentives achieved during that period and recognizes revenue attributable to the CPA accordingly, subject to the variable constraint guidance under Topic 606. Other revenues are immaterial and primarily consist of the sales of parts to other airlines. The transaction price for the sale of these parts generally occurs at fair market value. Cash and Cash Equivalents Investments and deposits with a maturity of three months or less when acquired and money market funds are considered cash and cash equivalents. Restricted Cash Restricted cash represents amounts escrowed in an interest-bearing account relating to the Company’s letters of credit. Spare Parts and Supplies Expendable parts are stated at average cost less an obsolescence allowance. The Company provides for an allowance for obsolescence after considering the useful life of the aircraft fleet, the estimated cost of expendable parts expected to be on hand at the end of the useful life and the estimated salvage value of the parts. This allowance is based on management estimates and are subject to change. Expendable parts are charged to expense when used. Expendable parts that are repairable are returned to inventory at the average cost of comparable parts, less a reserve for scrap. Supplies are stated at average cost. Property and Equipment and Depreciation Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their useful lives to their estimated residual values using the straight-line method as follows: Assets Depreciable Life Current Residual Value Aircraft 7 years $ 50,000 Rotable parts 7 years 10 % Spare engines 7 years $ 25,000 Ground equipment up to 10 years 0 % Office equipment up to 10 years 0 % Leasehold improvements Shorter of asset or lease life 0 % Capitalized engine maintenance costs are amortized over their estimated useful life measured in remaining engine cycles to the next scheduled shop event. Depreciation expense in 2019 and 2018 was $23,578 and $20,363, respectively, and is included in depreciation, amortization, and obsolescence in the accompanying statements of operations. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates long-lived assets for potential impairment and records impairment losses on long-lived assets when events and circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts. Impairment losses are measured by comparing the fair value of the assets to their carrying amounts. In determining the need to record impairment charges, the Company is required to make certain estimates regarding such things as the current fair market value of the assets and future net cash flows to be generated by the assets. If there are subsequent changes to these estimates, or if actual results differ from these estimates, such changes could impact the financial statements in the future. Certain factors occurring in 2017 and 2018 resulted in an impairment triggering event that required the Company to evaluate the carrying value of its long-lived property and equipment assets. Such factors included, but were not limited to, the early termination of aircraft residual value guarantees; significantly increased costs to recruit and retain pilots; the termination of the CPA with American Airlines; transition costs associated with the flying agreement with UA; and significantly reduced revenue from UA to cover the Company’s aircraft ownership costs. After reviewing for impairment, the Company recorded an impairment charge during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company has determined that no further impairment charges on property and equipment were needed for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Intangible Assets Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not subject to amortization but are subject to an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value-based test. The trade names and the air carrier certificate have indefinite lives, therefore, there is no amortization. Maintenance The Company operates its aircraft under a continuous inspection and maintenance program. The normal cost of recurring maintenance is expensed when incurred except for planned major maintenance activities for engines where the deferral method of accounting is applied. Income Taxes The Company utilizes the asset and liability method for accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by the current applicable tax rates. Deferred tax expense represents the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. As required by the uncertain tax position guidance, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more-likely-than-not more-likely-than-not The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States (U.S.) federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for the years prior to 2015. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state, and local income tax examinations for the years prior to 2014. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding tax examinations. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense for all periods presented. The Company had accrued $121 and $252 for the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Comprehensive Income The Company does not have any components of comprehensive income and, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, comprehensive income is equal to net income reported in the statements of operations. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company at times has had cash in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limit. As of December 31, 2019, there were no bank deposits that exceeded the FDIC insurance limits. Substantially all the Company’s revenues in 2019 and 2018 were derived from United (see Note 3). Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, long-term investments, accounts payable, and long-term debt. The Company believes the carrying amounts of these financial instruments are a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short-term nature of such instruments, or in the case of long-term debt, because of interest rates available to the Company for similar obligations. Long-term investments are held-to-maturity debt securities and are reported at amortized cost. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (that is, an exit price). Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes inputs used in fair value. The tiers are as follows: Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs developed using the Company’s estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that market participants would use. The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures annually and based on various factors, it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from year to year. However, the Company expects that changes in classifications between different levels will be rare. The Company classifies money market funds and deposits as Level 1 and long-term investments as Level 2. There have been no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 investments during 2019. Recently Adopted Standards: ASU 2014-09 In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, The Company recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the adoption of Topic 606, as shown in the tables below (in thousands): Balance Sheet Previously Reported Adjustment As Adjusted Assets Contract costs $ — $ 400 $ 400 Long-term contract costs — 1,268 1,268 Total Assets $ — $ 1,668 $ 1,668 Liabilities Contract liability $ — $ 3,725 $ 3,725 Long-term contract liability — 11,510 11,510 Total Liabilities $ — $ 15,235 $ 15,235 The $1,668 and the $15,235 adjustment to contract assets and contract liabilities, respectively, reflects the amount of capitalized up-front up-front up-front In December 2019 and 2018, the Company received payments of $5,539 and $4,999 from UA for services to be rendered in January 2020 and January 2019, respectively. The Company recast the December 31, 2018, amount of $4,999 from accounts payable to contract liabilities on the balance sheet. These customer deposits have been recorded as contract liabilities in the balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and recorded as revenue in January 2020 and 2019, respectively. The statement of operations was recast as follows for the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands): For the Year Ended Previously Adjustments As Operating Revenues Contract revenues $ 243,272 $ (2,720 ) $ 240,552 Operating Expenses Aircraft maintenance repair 51,879 3,239 55,118 Amortization expense 21,745 400 22,145 Loss from Operations (18,139 ) (6,359 ) (24,498 ) Income Tax (Benefit) (4,297 ) (827 ) (5,124 ) Net Income $ 186,845 $ (5,532 ) $ 181,313 Explanations for each of the adjustments above are as follows: • Contract revenues – revenue of $6,200 was deferred as a contract liability and is partially offset by the amortization of the contract liability in the amount of $3,480. • Aircraft maintenance and repair – cost incurred in preparing the aircraft for service which were previously treated as a reimbursed expense. • Amortization expense – amortization of capitalized contract costs. • Income tax benefit – changes due to Topic 606 resulted in an increased loss from operations in the amount of $6,359. This resulted in an income tax benefit and additional deferred tax asset in the amount of $1,284, offset by the creation of a federal and state valuation allowance of $457 on deferred tax assets. Recently Adopted Standards: ASU 2016-02 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, 2016-02 No. 2018-11, Additionally, the Company’s adoption of Topic 842 did not have a significant impact on the recognition, measurement or presentation of lease revenue and lease expenses within the financial statements of operations and statement of cash flows. The Company’s prepaid aircraft rents and accrued aircraft rents that were separately stated in the Company’s December 31, 2018 balance sheet have been classified as a component of the Company’s right-of-use As a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting guidance, the Company recognized the following ROU assets and lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019: Right-of-use $ 70,892 Lease liabilities – operating leases $ 40,921 |