Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of Harbor Diversified, Inc. (Harbor) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company). Harbor is a non-operating holding company is a non-operating entity with Description of Operations The Company has principal lines of business focused on (1) providing regional air services through Air Wisconsin (airline business), (2) acquiring flight equipment for the purpose of leasing the equipment to Air Wisconsin, and (3) providing flight equipment financing to Air Wisconsin. Additionally, Air Wisconsin is continuing to explore aircraft leasing opportunities and entered into its first short-term aircraft lease in September 2022. The airline business is operated entirely through Air Wisconsin, which is an independent regional air carrier. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Air Wisconsin was engaged in the business of providing scheduled passenger service solely for United Airlines, Inc. (United) under a capacity purchase agreement (United capacity purchase agreement) that was entered into in February 2017 and amended in October 2020, April 2021, April 2022, June 2022, September 2022 and February 2023. Air Wisconsin will cease flying for United in early June 2023. In August 2022 Air Wisconsin entered into a separate capacity purchase agreement (American capacity purchase agreement) with American Airlines, Inc. (American), which was subsequently amended in February 2023 and March 2023, pursuant to which Air Wisconsin has agreed to provide up to 60 CRJ-200 For additional information, refer to Note 3, Capacity Purchase Agreements with United and American Segment Reporting Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing operating performance. In consideration of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 280, “ Segment Reporting As further discussed below, substantially all of our operating revenues in the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were derived from operations associated with United. Contract Revenues More than 99.9 % of the Company’s operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were derived from operations associated with the United capacity purchase agreement. In performing an analysis of the United capacity purchase agreement within the framework of ASC 842 and ASC 606, the Company determined a portion of its compensation designed to reimburse Air Wisconsin for use of a certain number of aircraft, or “right of use,” is considered lease revenue. All other revenue received by Air Wisconsin is considered non-lease revenue. After consideration of the lease and non-lease components based on stand-alone selling prices, the Company determined the non-lease component to be the predominant component of the United capacity purchase agreement and, as such, elected a practical expedient to not separate the lease and non-lease components. Therefore, all compensation received by Air Wisconsin pursuant to the United capacity purchase agreement is accounted for under ASC 606. The Company recognizes revenue under the United capacity purchase agreement over time as services are provided. Under the agreement, Air Wisconsin is entitled to receive a fixed rate for each departure and block hour (measured from takeoff to landing, including taxi time), and a fixed amount per aircraft per day. Under the agreement, Air Wisconsin’s performance obligation is met and revenue is recognized over time, which is then reflected in contract revenues. The agreement also provides for the reimbursement to Air Wisconsin of certain direct operating expenses such as hull and liability insurance, property taxes and Canadian navigational fees. United makes provisional cash payments to Air Wisconsin during each month of service based on projected flight schedules. These provisional cash payments are subsequently reconciled with United based on actual completed flight activity. As of the date of this filing, these payments are reconciled through October 2022. Subject to final reconciliation of the provisional cash payments for the periods after October 31, 2022, as of December 31, 2022, United owed Air Wisconsin approximately $ Commitments and Contingencies Under the United capacity purchase agreement, Air Wisconsin is eligible to receive incentive payments, or may be required to pay penalties, upon the achievement of, or failure to achieve, certain performance criteria primarily based on flight completion, on-time as part of accounts receivable, net, on the consolidated balance sheets related to net incentive amounts. As of December 31, 2021, Air Wisconsin recorded a liability of $ as part of contract liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets related to net penalties owed to United. Under the United capacity purchase agreement, Air Wisconsin is entitled to receive a fixed amount per aircraft per day for each month during the term of the agreement. In accordance with GAAP, the Company recognizes revenue related to the fixed payments on a proportional basis taking into account the number of flights actually completed in that period relative to the number of flights expected to be completed in subsequent periods during the remaining term of the agreement. Air Wisconsin deferred fixed revenues between April 2020 and June 2021 due to the significant decrease in its completed flights as a result of the COVID-19 Liquidity Consistent with the discussion above, for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, Air Wisconsin also recognized increased non-refundable As part of the October 2020 amendment to the United capacity purchase agreement (CPA Amendment), United made a cash settlement payment of $670 and issued a note receivable to Air Wisconsin in the amount of $11,048, of which $4,410 was deferred as of December 31, 2020, with the remaining portion to be recognized in proportion to the number of flights expected to be completed in subsequent periods through the end of the wind-down period. In October 2021, in accordance with the CPA Amendment, Air Wisconsin received $294 from United for the opening of a crew base, of which $73 was deferred as of December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, Air Wisconsin recorded $2,132 of revenue related to these items, compared to $1,923 of revenue related to these items for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, deferred CPA Amendment revenue in the amount of $650 is recorded as part of contract liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The timing of the recognition of deferred fixed revenue, non-refundable The amount of revenues recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022 that were previously recorded as contract liabilities were $6,517. The CPA Amendment provided, among other things, for the payment or accrual of certain amounts by United to Air Wisconsin based on certain scheduling benchmarks. In conjunction with the significant reduction in departures and block hours resulting from the COVID-19 Commitments and Contingencies Other Revenues Other revenues primarily consist of the sales of parts to other airlines and aircraft lease payments. These other revenues are immaterial in all periods presented. The transaction price for these other revenues generally is fair market value. Cash and Cash Equivalents Money market funds and investments and deposits with an original maturity of three months or less when acquired are considered cash and cash equivalents. Restricted Cash As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had a restricted cash balance of $849 and $1,449, respectively. A portion of the balance secures a credit facility for the issuance of letters of credit guaranteeing the performance of Air Wisconsin’s obligations under certain lease agreements, airport agreements and insurance policies. The remaining portion is cash held for the repurchase of shares under Harbor’s stock repurchase program. For additional information, refer to Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies Stock Repurchase Program. Marketable Securities The Company’s equity security investments, consisting of exchange-traded funds and mutual funds, are recorded at fair value based on quoted market prices (Level 1) in marketable securities on the consolidated balance sheets, in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 321, Investments-Equity Securities The calculation of net unrealized gains and losses that relate to marketable securities held as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows: Year Ended Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities $ (8,826 ) $ (1,158 ) Less: Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period — 2 Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity securities held as of the end of the period $ (8,826 ) $ (1,160 ) Spare Parts and Supplies Expendable parts are stated at average cost less an obsolescence allowance. The Company provides for an allowance for obsolescence after considering the useful life of the aircraft fleet, the estimated cost of expendable parts expected to be on hand at the end of the useful life and the estimated salvage value of the parts. This allowance is based on management estimates and is subject to change. Expendable parts are charged to expense when used. Expendable parts that are repairable are returned to inventory at the average cost of comparable parts, less a reserve for scrap. Supplies are stated at average cost. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their useful lives to their estimated residual values using the straight-line method as follows: Assets Depreciable Life Current Residual Value Aircraft 7 years $ 50 Rotable parts 7 years 10% Spare engines 7 years $ 25 Ground equipment up to 10 years 0% Office equipment up to 10 years 0% Leasehold improvements Shorter of asset or lease life 0% The table below sets forth the original cost of the Company’s fixed assets and accumulated depreciation as of the dates presented. The table excludes construction in process of $ 2,237 3,573 For the years ended: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Assets Original Accumulated Original Accumulated Aircraft 70,089 40,544 70,178 31,319 Engines 163,708 103,834 157,510 86,339 Rotable parts 27,936 18,655 28,459 18,834 Ground equipment 2,718 2,063 2,555 1,868 Office equipment 4,519 4,218 4,509 4,130 Leasehold improvements 818 452 1,188 823 269,788 169,766 264,399 143,313 Air Wisconsin’s capitalized engine maintenance costs are amortized over their estimated useful life measured in remaining engine cycles to the next scheduled shop visit. Lotus’ engine maintenance costs are expensed. Depreciation expense in the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $24,911 and $24,997, respectively, and is included in depreciation, amortization, and obsolescence in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets The Company evaluates long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets for potential impairment and records impairment losses when events and circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts. Impairment losses are measured by comparing the fair value of the assets to their carrying amounts. In determining the need to record impairment charges, the Company is required to make certain estimates and assumptions regarding such things as the current fair market value of the assets and future net cash flows to be generated by the assets. If there are subsequent changes to these estimates or assumptions, or if actual results differ from these estimates or assumptions, such changes could impact the financial statements in the future. The Company conducted a qualitative impairment assessment of its long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets and determined that no quantitative impairment tests were required to be performed as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Maintenance The Company operates its aircraft under a continuous inspection and maintenance program. Generally, the normal cost of recurring maintenance is expensed when incurred. However, we use the deferral method of accounting for Air Wisconsin’s planned major maintenance activities for engines pursuant to which the capitalized engine overhaul costs are amortized over the estimated useful life measured in engine cycles remaining until the next scheduled shop visit. Income Taxes The Company utilizes the asset and liability method for accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by the current applicable tax rates. Deferred tax expense represents the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. As required by the uncertain tax position guidance, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more-likely-than-not more-likely-than-not The Company is subject to federal, state and local income taxes in the United States. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for the years prior to 2019. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state or local income tax examinations for years prior to 2018. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no outstanding tax examinations. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense for all periods presented. The Company accrued $62 and $57 for the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Comprehensive Income The Company does not have any components of comprehensive income and, as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, comprehensive income is equal to net income reported in the consolidated statements of operations. Concentration of Credit Risk and Customer Risk Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents that are held by financial institutions in the United States and accounts receivable. The Company at times has had bank deposits in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limit. The Company maintains its cash accounts with high credit quality financial institutions and, accordingly, the Company believes that minimal credit risk exists with respect to these financial institutions. As of December 31, 2022, in addition to cash and cash equivalents of $33.3 million, the Company had $0.8 million in restricted cash, which relates to a credit facility used for the issuance of cash collateralized letters of credit supporting our worker’s compensation insurance program, landing fees at certain airports and facility leases, as well as cash held for the repurchase of shares under Harbor’s stock repurchase program. Restricted cash includes amounts escrowed in an interest-bearing account that secures the credit facility. Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or net accounts receivable balance at each respective balance sheet date. Substantially all of the Company’s consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and accounts receivable and notes receivable at the end of both years were derived from the United capacity purchase agreement. Air Wisconsin entered into the American capacity purchase agreement in August 2022 and commenced flying operations for American in March 2023. American will become Air Wisconsin’s sole airline partner once all aircraft are removed from United’s flying operations; and at that point, substantially all of the Company’s revenues will be derived from the American capacity purchase agreement. Neither United’s nor American’s obligations to pay Air Wisconsin the amounts required to be paid under the applicable capacity purchase agreement are collateralized. For additional information, refer to Note 3, Capacity Purchase Agreements with United and American Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, long-term investments, accounts payable, and long-term debt. The Company believes the carrying amounts of these financial instruments, with the exception of marketable securities, are a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short-term nature of such instruments, or, in the case of long-term debt, because of interest rates available to the Company for similar obligations. Marketable securities are reported at fair value based on quoted market prices. Long-term investments are held-to-maturity Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (that is, an exit price). Fair Value Measurement Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs developed using the Company’s estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that market participants would use. The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates these determinations each reporting period, and it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from year to year. The tables below set forth the Company’s classification of marketable securities and long-term investments as of the dates presented: December 31, 2022 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Marketable securities – exchange-traded funds $ 109,178 $ 109,178 $ — $ — Marketable securities – mutual funds 44,649 44,649 — — Long-term investments – bonds (see Note 6) 4,275 — 4,275 — Total $ 158,102 $ 153,827 $ 4,275 $ — December 31, 2021 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Marketable securities – exchange-traded funds $ 113,936 $ 113,936 $ — $ — Marketable securities – mutual funds 24,434 24,434 — — Long-term investments – bonds (see Note 6) 4,275 — 4,275 — Total $ 142,645 $ 138,370 $ 4,275 $ — Reclassifications Certain operating expenses previously recorded in purchased services and other in the consolidated statements of operations in the amount of $12,403 for the year ended December 31, 2021, have been reclassified to aircraft maintenance, materials and repairs to conform to the presentation for the year ended December 31, 2022, with no effect on net income. The reclassification relates to certain third party maintenance activities. Certain non-operating Certain current liabilities previously recorded in contract liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 have been reclassified to deferred revenue in the amount of $35,792 to conform to the presentation as of December 31, 2022. As a result of this change, the consolidated statements of cash flows also required a reclassification from contract liabilities in the amount of $35,792 to deferred revenues in the Cash Flows from Operating Activities Upcoming Accounting Pronouncement In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments 2016-13). 2016-13 2016-13 |