Simmons First National (SFNC) 10-K 27 Feb 24 2023 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 23, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-06253
Entity Registrant Name	SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORP
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	AR
Entity Tax Identification Number	71-0407808
Entity Address, Address Line One	501 Main Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Pine Bluff
Entity Address, State or Province	AR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	71601
City Area Code	870
Local Phone Number	541-1000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	SFNC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 2,125,228,007
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		125,327,684
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Registrant to be held on April 23, 2024, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0000090498
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	686
Auditor Name	FORVIS, LLP
Auditor Location	Little Rock, Arkansas

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
ASSETS
Cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks	$ 345,258	$ 200,616
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	268,834	481,506
Cash and cash equivalents	614,092	682,122
Interest bearing balances due from banks – time	100	795
Investment securities:
Held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,214 and $1,388 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	3,726,288	3,759,706
Available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (amortized cost of $3,509,709 and $4,331,413 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)	3,152,153	3,852,854
Total investments	6,878,441	7,612,560
Mortgage loans held for sale	9,373	3,486
Loans	16,845,670	16,142,124
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(225,231)	(196,955)
Net loans	16,620,439	15,945,169
Premises and equipment	570,678	548,741
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	4,073	2,887
Interest receivable	122,430	102,892
Bank owned life insurance	500,559	491,340
Goodwill	1,320,799	1,319,598
Other intangible assets	112,645	128,951
Other assets	592,045	622,520
Total assets	27,345,674	27,461,061
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	4,800,880	6,016,651
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	10,997,425	11,762,885
Time deposits	6,446,673	4,768,558
Total deposits	22,244,978	22,548,094
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	67,969	160,403
Other borrowings	972,366	859,296
Subordinated notes and debentures	366,141	365,989
Accrued interest and other liabilities	267,732	257,917
Total liabilities	23,919,186	24,191,699
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, Class A, $0.01 par value; 350,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2023 and 2022; 125,184,119 and 127,046,654 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	1,252	1,270
Surplus	2,499,930	2,530,066
Undivided profits	1,329,681	1,255,586
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(404,375)	(517,560)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,426,488	3,269,362
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 27,345,674	$ 27,461,061

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Held-to-maturity, allowance for credit losses	$ 3,214	$ 1,388
Amortized Cost	$ 3,509,709	$ 4,331,413
Common stock, Class A, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, Class A, shares authorized (in shares)	350,000,000	350,000,000
Common stock, Class A, shares issued (in shares)	125,184,119	127,046,654
Common stock, Class A, shares outstanding (in shares)	125,184,119	127,046,654

Consolidated Statements of Inco

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
INTEREST INCOME
Loans, including fees	$ 989,196	$ 694,192	$ 555,008
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	13,490	5,500	2,795
Investment securities	206,918	158,203	111,693
Mortgage loans held for sale	557	720	1,565
Other loans held for sale	0	3,120	0
TOTAL INTEREST INCOME	1,210,161	861,735	671,061
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits	472,919	99,049	41,172
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	1,150	941	579
Other borrowings	60,517	24,934	19,495
Subordinated notes and debentures	25,449	19,495	18,283
TOTAL INTEREST EXPENSE	560,035	144,419	79,529
NET INTEREST INCOME	650,126	717,316	591,532
Provision for credit losses	42,028	14,074	(32,704)
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES	608,098	703,242	624,236
NONINTEREST INCOME
Bank owned life insurance income	11,717	11,146	8,902
(Loss) gain on sale of securities, net	(20,609)	(278)	15,498
Gain on insurance settlement	0	4,074	0
Other income	35,398	27,361	35,273
TOTAL NONINTEREST INCOME	155,566	170,066	191,815
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits	286,117	286,982	246,335
Occupancy expense, net	46,741	44,321	38,797
Furniture and equipment expense	20,741	20,665	19,890
Other real estate and foreclosure expense	892	1,003	2,121
Deposit insurance	29,986	11,608	6,973
Merger related costs	1,420	22,476	15,911
Other operating expenses	177,164	179,693	153,562
TOTAL NONINTEREST EXPENSE	563,061	566,748	483,589
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	200,603	306,560	332,462
Provision for income taxes	25,546	50,148	61,306
NET INCOME	175,057	256,412	271,156
Preferred stock dividends	0	0	47
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,109
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ 1.39	$ 2.07	$ 2.47
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38	$ 2.06	$ 2.46
Service charges on deposit accounts
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	$ 50,530	$ 46,527	$ 43,231
Debit and credit card fees
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	31,472	31,203	28,245
Wealth management fees
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	30,203	31,895	31,172
Mortgage lending income
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	7,733	10,522	21,798
Other service charges and fees
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	$ 9,122	$ 7,616	$ 7,696

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
NET INCOME	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,156
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on available-for-sale securities	108,612	(593,010)	(91,434)
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized (losses) gains included in net income	(20,609)	(278)	15,498
Less: Realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities interest rate hedges	1,960	(98,374)	(10,588)
Net unrealized (losses) gains on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity during the period	0	(206,682)	1,106
Less: Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity	(25,971)	(14,632)	(104)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax effect	153,232	(686,408)	(95,134)
Less: Tax effect of other comprehensive income (loss)	40,047	(179,393)	(24,863)
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	113,185	(507,015)	(70,271)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$ 288,242	$ (250,603)	$ 200,885

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,156
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	47,877	48,962	47,220
Provision for credit losses	42,028	14,074	(32,704)
Loss (gain) on sale of investments	20,609	278	(15,498)
Net amortization (accretion) of investment securities and assets	14,982	(39,031)	(52,781)
Net amortization on borrowings	152	313	1,257
Stock-based compensation expense	12,189	15,317	15,868
Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net of impairment	0	0	(591)
Gain on sale of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	(182)	(390)	(932)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale	(7,379)	(7,945)	(36,434)
Gain on sale of branches	0	0	(5,316)
Gain on sale of loans	0	(282)	0
Deferred income taxes	(2,460)	14,933	10,937
Income from bank owned life insurance	(12,905)	(11,164)	(9,477)
Loss from early retirement of TruPS	0	365	0
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale	(262,901)	(497,815)	(1,034,716)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale	264,393	538,630	1,190,891
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Interest receivable	(19,538)	(22,107)	4,423
Other assets	263,969	(7,214)	(33,495)
Accrued interest and other liabilities	(3,908)	10,417	(50,620)
Income taxes payable	8,996	8,445	8,592
Net cash provided by operating activities	540,979	322,198	277,780
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net change in loans	(786,775)	(1,900,325)
Net change in loans			2,333,893
Proceeds from sale of loans	69,760	73,746	28,033
Decrease in due from banks - time	695	1,087	292
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(33,086)	(35,268)	(47,861)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	0	0	5,621
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	2,071	4,754	21,983
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities	247,948	0	342,577
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities	302,802	1,137,923	1,001,669
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(7,518)	(261,375)	(5,266,148)
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities	85,192	86,229	15,712
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	(68,368)	(331,273)	(708,580)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance death benefits	3,686	1,873	3,814
Purchases of bank owned life insurance	0	0	(160,000)
Cash received in business combinations, net	0	276,396	25,425
Disposition of assets and liabilities held for sale	0	0	(134,166)
Net cash used in investing activities	(183,593)	(946,233)	(2,537,736)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net change in deposits	(302,747)	462,530	847,494
Repayments of subordinated debentures	0	(56,189)	(1,563)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	0	0	(47)
Dividends paid on common stock	(100,962)	(94,096)	(78,845)
Net change in other borrowed funds	113,070	(516,726)	(80,254)
Net change in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(92,434)	(25,000)	(116,562)
Net shares (cancelled) issued under stock compensation plans	(2,854)	(5,033)	290
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan	833	1,151	1,170
Repurchase of common stock	(40,322)	(111,133)	(132,459)
Retirement of preferred stock	0	0	(767)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(425,416)	(344,496)	438,457
DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(68,030)	(968,531)	(1,821,499)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR	682,122	1,650,653	3,472,152
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR	$ 614,092	$ 682,122	$ 1,650,653

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Surplus	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Undivided Profits	Landmark Bank	Landmark Bank Common Stock	Landmark Bank Surplus	Triumph	Triumph Common Stock	Triumph Surplus	Spirit	Spirit Common Stock	Spirit Surplus
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 2,976,656	$ 767	$ 1,081	$ 2,014,076	$ 59,726	$ 901,006
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income	200,885				(70,271)	271,156
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan	1,170		1	1,169
Stock-based compensation plans, net	16,158		4	16,154
Stock issued for acquisition							$ 138,191	$ 45	$ 138,146	$ 127,899	$ 42	$ 127,857
Preferred stock retirement	(767)	(767)
Stock repurchases	(132,459)		(46)	(132,413)
Dividends on preferred stock	(47)					(47)
Dividends on common stock	(78,845)					(78,845)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	3,248,841	0	1,127	2,164,989	(10,545)	1,093,270
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income	(250,603)				(507,015)	256,412
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan	1,151		1	1,150
Stock-based compensation plans, net	10,284		3	10,281
Stock issued for acquisition													$ 464,918	$ 183	$ 464,735
Stock repurchases	(111,133)		(44)	(111,089)
Dividends on common stock	(94,096)					(94,096)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	3,269,362	0	1,270	2,530,066	(517,560)	1,255,586
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive income	288,242				113,185	175,057
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan	833		0	833
Stock-based compensation plans, net	9,335		5	9,330
Stock repurchases	(40,322)		(23)	(40,299)
Dividends on common stock	(100,962)					(100,962)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 3,426,488	$ 0	$ 1,252	$ 2,499,930	$ (404,375)	$ 1,329,681

Consolidated Statements of St_2

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan, shares (in shares)	42,510	59,475	60,697
Stock issued for compensation plans, shares (in shares)	352,004	429,423	474,970
Stock repurchased (in shares)	2,257,049	4,432,762	4,562,469
Cash dividends, per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.80	$ 0.76	$ 0.72
Landmark Bank
Stock issued for acquisition, shares (in shares)			4,499,872
Triumph
Stock issued for acquisition, shares (in shares)			4,164,712
Spirit
Stock issued for acquisition, shares (in shares)		18,275,074

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation Simmons First National Corporation (“Company”) is a Mid-South financial holding company headquartered in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and the parent company of Simmons Bank, an Arkansas state-chartered bank that has been in operation since 1903 (“Simmons Bank” or the “Bank”). Simmons First Insurance Services, Inc. and Simmons First Insurance Services of TN, LLC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Simmons Bank and are insurance agencies that offer various lines of personal and corporate insurance coverage to individual and commercial customers. The Company, through its subsidiaries, offers, among other things, consumer, real estate and commercial loans; checking, savings and time deposits; and specialized products and services (such as credit cards, trust and fiduciary services, investments, agricultural finance lending, equipment lending, insurance and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) lending) from approximately 234 financial centers as of December 31, 2023, located throughout market areas in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Simmons Bank is an Arkansas state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System through the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Due to the Company’s typical acquisition process, there may be brief periods of time during which the Company may operate another subsidiary bank that the Company acquired through a merger with a target bank holding company as a separate subsidiary while preparing for the merger and integration of that subsidiary bank into Simmons Bank. However, it is the Company’s intent to generally maintain Simmons Bank as the Company’s sole subsidiary bank. Operating Segments Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company is organized with community and commercial banking groups. Each of these groups provide one or more similar banking services, including such products and services as loans; time deposits, checking and savings accounts; treasury management; and credit cards. Loan products include consumer, real estate, commercial, agricultural, equipment, warehouse lending and SBA lending. The individual banking groups have similar operating and economic characteristics. While the chief operating decision maker monitors the revenue streams of the various products, services, branch locations, divisions and groups, operations are managed, financial performance is evaluated, and management makes decisions on how to allocate resources, on a Company-wide basis. Accordingly, the respective groups are considered by management to be aggregated into one reportable operating segment. The Company also considers its trust, investment and insurance services to be operating segments. Information on these segments is not reported separately since they do not meet the quantitative thresholds under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280-10-50-12. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income items and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and actual results may differ from these estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of acquired loans, valuation of goodwill and subsequent impairment analysis, stock-based compensation plans and income taxes. Management obtains third party valuations to assist in valuing certain aspects of these material estimates, as appropriate, including independent appraisals for significant properties in connection with the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the fair value of acquired loans. Assumptions used in the goodwill impairment analysis involve internally projected forecasts, coupled with market and third-party data. These material estimates could change as a result of the uncertainty in current macroeconomic conditions and other factors that are beyond the Company’s control and could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Reclassifications Various items within the accompanying consolidated financial statements for previous years have been reclassified to provide more comparative information. These reclassifications were not material to the consolidated financial statements. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are considered to include cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks, interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell. At December 31, 2023, nearly all of the interest-bearing and noninterest bearing deposits were uninsured with nearly all of these balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank. Investment Securities Held-to-maturity securities (“HTM”), which include any security for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date. Available-for-sale securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses, based on specifically identified amortized cost of the individual security, are included in other income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in stockholders’ equity. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date. Trading securities, if any, which include any security held primarily for near-term sale, are carried at fair value. Gains and losses on trading securities are included in other income. Allowance for Credit Losses - Investment Securities Allowance for Credit Losses - HTM Securities - The Company measures expected credit losses on HTM securities on a collective basis by major security type, with each type sharing similar risk characteristics. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company has made the election to exclude accrued interest receivable on HTM securities from the estimate of credit losses and report accrued interest separately on the consolidated balance sheets. Allowance for Credit Losses - AFS Securities - For AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first evaluates whether it intends to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of these criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the AFS security amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. If the criteria is not met, the Company is required to assess whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or noncredit-related factors. If the assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists, and an allowance for credit loss is recorded through income as a component of provision for credit loss expense. If the assessment indicates that a credit loss does not exist, the Company records the decline in fair value through other comprehensive income, net of related income tax effects. The Company has made the election to exclude accrued interest receivable on AFS securities from the estimate of credit losses and report accrued interest separately on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Mortgage Loans Held For Sale Mortgage Loans Held for Sale are carried at fair value which is determined on an aggregate basis. Adjustments to fair value are recognized monthly and reflected in earnings. The Company regularly sells mortgages into the capital markets to mitigate the effects of interest rate volatility during the period from the time an interest rate lock commitment (“IRLC”) is issued until the IRLC funds creating a mortgage loan held for sale and its subsequent sale into the secondary/capital markets. Loan sales are typically executed on a mandatory basis. Under a mandatory commitment, the Company agrees to deliver a specified dollar amount with predetermined terms by a certain date. Generally, the commitment is not loan specific, and any combination of loans can be delivered into the outstanding commitment provided the terms fall within the parameters of the commitment. Upon failure to deliver, the Company is subject to fees based on market movement. The IRLCs are derivative instruments; their fair values at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were not material. Gains and losses resulting from sales of mortgage loans are recognized when the respective loans are sold to correspondent lenders, investors or aggregators. Gains and losses are determined by the difference between the sale price and the carrying amount in the loans sold, net of discounts collected, or premiums paid. Hedge instruments are, likewise, carried at fair value and associated gains/losses are realized at time of settlement. Loans Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-offs are reported at their amortized cost basis, which is the unpaid principal balance outstanding, net of unearned income, deferred loan fees and costs, premiums and discounts associated with acquisition date fair value adjustments on acquired loans, and any direct principal charge-offs. The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and report accrued interest separately from the related loan balance on the consolidated balance sheets. For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan. The accrual of interest on loans, except on certain government guaranteed loans, is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Discounts and premiums on purchased residential real estate loans are amortized to income using the interest method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Discounts and premiums on purchased consumer loans are recognized over the expected lives of the loans using methods that approximate the interest method. Further information regarding accounting policies related to past due loans, non-accrual loans, and modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is presented in Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Additionally, for discussion of the Company’s accounting for acquired loans, see Acquisition Accounting, Loans later in this section. Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, quantitative factors, and other qualitative considerations. Loans with similar risk characteristics such as loan type, collateral type, and internal risk ratings are aggregated for collective assessment. The Company uses statistically-based models that leverage assumptions about current and future economic conditions throughout the contractual life of the loan. Expected credit losses are estimated by either lifetime loss rates or expected loss cash flows based on three key parameters: probability-of-default (“PD”), exposure-at-default (“EAD”), and loss-given-default (“LGD”). Future economic conditions are incorporated to the extent that they are reasonable and supportable. Beyond the reasonable and supportable periods, the economic variables revert to a historical equilibrium at a pace dependent on the state of the economy reflected within the economic scenarios. The Company also includes qualitative adjustments to the allowance based on factors and considerations that have not otherwise been fully accounted for. Loans that have unique risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. These evaluations are typically performed on loans with a deteriorated internal risk rating. For a collateral-dependent loan, our evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis adjusted for selling costs, when appropriate. This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is included in the allowance for credit losses as a specific allocation. Reserve for Unfunded Commitments In addition to the allowance for credit losses, the Company has established a reserve for unfunded commitments, classified in other liabilities, representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. This reserve is maintained at a level management believes to be sufficient to absorb losses arising from unfunded loan commitments. The adequacy of the reserve for unfunded commitments is determined quarterly based on methodology similar to the methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit loss is reported as a component of accrued interest and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Adjustments to the allowance are reported in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit losses. Acquisition Accounting, Loans The Company accounts for its acquisitions under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations , which requires the use of the acquisition method of accounting. All identifiable assets acquired, including loans, are recorded at fair value. The fair value for acquired loans at the time of acquisition is based on a variety of factors including discounted expected cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments and credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the fair value adjustment is recorded as premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of each acquired loan. Loans that have been identified as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination is a purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loan. The net premium or discount on PCD loans is adjusted by the Company’s allowance for credit losses recorded at the time of acquisition. The remaining net premium or discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a constant yield method. The net premium or discount on loans that are not classified as PCD (“non-PCD”), that includes credit and non-credit components, is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a constant yield method. The Company then records the necessary allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans through provision for credit losses expense. For further discussion of the Company’s acquisition and loan accounting, see Note 2, Acquisitions, and Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Trust Assets Trust assets (other than cash deposits) held by the Company in fiduciary or agency capacities for its customers are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets since such items are not assets of the Company. Premises and Equipment Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized by the straight-line method over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Right-of-use lease assets are operating leases with a term greater than one year and are included in premises and equipment. Foreclosed Assets Held For Sale Assets acquired by foreclosure or in settlement of debt and held for sale are valued at estimated fair value less estimated cost to sell as of the date of foreclosure. Management evaluates the value of foreclosed assets held for sale periodically and any decreases in the fair value are charged to other expense. Bank Owned Life Insurance The Company maintains bank-owned life insurance policies on certain current and former employees and directors, which are recorded at their cash surrender values as determined by the insurance carriers. The appreciation in the cash surrender value of the policies is recognized as a component of noninterest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that also lack physical substance but can be separately distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. The Company performs an annual goodwill impairment test, and more than annually if circumstances warrant, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, as amended by Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08 - Testing Goodwill for Impairment . ASC Topic 350 requires that goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives be reviewed for impairment annually, or more frequently if certain conditions occur. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the estimated life of the asset, and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicated that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment losses on recorded goodwill, if any, will be recorded as operating expenses. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company may enter into derivative contracts for the purposes of managing exposure to interest rate risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. A derivative instrument is a financial tool which derives its value from the value of some other financial instrument, or variable index, including certain hedging instruments embedded in other contracts. These products are primarily designed to reduce interest rate risk for either the Company or its customers who proactively manage these risks. The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. In an effort to meet the financing needs of its customers and mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on the fair value of AFS securities, the Company has entered into fair value hedges. Fair value hedges include interest rate swap agreements on fixed rate loans and fixed rate callable AFS securities. To qualify for hedge accounting, derivatives must be highly effective at reducing the risk associated with the exposure being hedged and must be designated as a hedge at the point of inception of the derivative contract. For derivatives designated as hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of the hedged item, the gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain of the hedging instrument. The fair value hedges are considered to be highly effective and any hedge ineffectiveness was deemed not material. Fair value adjustments related to cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income and are reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction is reflected in earnings. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase The Company sells securities under agreements to repurchase to meet customer needs for sweep accounts. At the point funds deposited by customers become investable, those funds are used to purchase securities owned by the Company and held in its general account with the designation of Customers’ Securities. A third party maintains control over the securities underlying overnight repurchase agreements. The securities involved in these transactions are generally U.S. Treasury or Federal Agency issues. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase generally mature on the banking day following that on which the investment was initially purchased and are treated as collateralized financing transactions which are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold plus accrued interest. Interest rates and maturity dates of the securities involved vary and are not intended to be matched with funds from customers. Revenue from Contracts with Customers ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , applies to all contracts with customers to provide goods or services in the ordinary course of business. However, Topic 606 specifically does not apply to revenue related to financial instruments, guarantees, insurance contracts, leases, or nonmonetary exchanges. Given these scope exceptions, interest income recognition and measurement related to loans and investments securities, the Company’s two largest sources of revenue, are not accounted for under Topic 606. Also, the Company does not use Topic 606 to account for gains or losses on its investments in securities, loans, and derivatives due to the scope exceptions. Certain revenue streams, such as service charges on deposit accounts, gains or losses on the sale of Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”), and trust income, fall under the scope of Topic 606 and the Company must recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. Topic 606 is applied using five steps: 1) identify the contract with the customer, 2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company has evaluated the nature of all contracts with customers that fall under the scope of Topic 606 and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into categories was not necessary. There has not been significant revenue recognized in the current reporting periods resulting from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. In addition, there has not been a significant change in timing of revenues received from customers. A description of performance obligations for each type of contract with customers is as follows: Service charges on deposit accounts – The Company’s primary source of funding comes from deposit accounts with its customers. Customers pay certain fees to access their cash on deposit including, but not limited to, non-transactional fees such as account maintenance, dormancy or statement rendering fees, and certain transaction-based fees such as ATM, wire transfer, overdraft or returned check fees. The Company generally satisfies its performance obligations as services are rendered. The transaction prices are fixed, and are charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Sale of OREO – In the normal course of business, the Company will enter into contracts with customers to sell OREO, which has generally been foreclosed upon by the Company. The Company generally satisfies its performance obligation upon conveyance of property from the Company to the customer, generally by way of an executed agreement. The transaction price is fixed, and on occasion the Company will finance a portion of the proceeds the customers uses to purchase the property. These properties are generally sold without recourse or warranty. Wealth Management Fees – The Company enters into contracts with its customers to manage assets for investment, and/or transact on their accounts. The Company generally satisfies its performance obligations as services are rendered. The management fee is a fixed percentage-based fee calculated upon the average balance of assets under management and is charged to customers on a monthly basis. Bankcard Fee Income – Periodic bankcard fees, net of direct origination costs, are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the period the fee entitles the cardholder to use the card. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance in ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes . The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each year. Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average common shares and all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of per share earnings is as follows: (In thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2021 Net income available to common stockholders $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,109 Average common shares outstanding 126,338 123,958 109,577 Average potential dilutive common shares 438 512 621 Average diluted common shares 126,776 124,470 110,198 Basic earnings per share $ 1.39 $ 2.07 $ 2.47 Diluted earnings per share $ 1.38 $ 2.06 $ 2.46 There were 410,490 stock options excluded from the year ended December 31, 2023 earnings per share calculation due to the related stock option exercise price exceeding the average market price of the Company’s stock. There were no stock options excluded from the earnings per share calculations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 due to the average market price of the Company’s stock exceeding the related stock option exercise price. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has adopted various stock-based compensation plans. The plans provide for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units. Pursuant to the plans, shares are reserved for future issuance by the Company, upon exercise of stock options or awarding of performance or bonus shares granted to directors, officers and other key employees. In accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation , the fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses various assumptions. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. For additional information, see Note 15, Employee Benefit Plans.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Acquisitions	ACQUISITIONS Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. On April 8, 2022, the Company completed its merger with Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. (“Spirit”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 18, 2021 (“Spirit Agreement”), at which time Spirit merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. The Company issued 18,275,074 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $464.9 million as of April 8, 2022, plus $1,393,508.90 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Spirit capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger. Prior to the acquisition, Spirit, headquartered in Conroe, Texas, conducted banking business through its subsidiary bank, Spirit of Texas Bank SSB, from 35 branches located primarily in the Texas Triangle - consisting of Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio and Austin metropolitan areas - with additional locations in the Bryan-College Station, Corpus Christi and Tyler metropolitan areas, along with offices in North Central and South Texas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $3.11 billion in assets, including approximately $2.29 billion in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $2.72 billion in deposits. Goodwill of $174.1 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s position in the Texas market and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes. A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Spirit acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows: (In thousands) Acquired from Spirit Fair Value Adjustments Fair Value Assets Acquired Cash and due from banks $ 277,790 $ — $ 277,790 Investment securities 362,088 (13,401) 348,687 Loans acquired 2,314,085 (19,925) 2,294,160 Allowance for credit losses on loans (17,005) 7,382 (9,623) Premises and equipment 84,135 (19,074) 65,061 Bank owned life insurance 36,890 — 36,890 Goodwill 77,681 (77,681) — Core deposit and other intangible assets 6,245 32,386 38,631 Other assets 58,403 (3,411) 54,992 Total assets acquired $ 3,200,312 $ (93,724) $ 3,106,588 Liabilities Assumed Deposits: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts $ 825,228 $ (534) $ 824,694 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 1,383,663 — 1,383,663 Time deposits 509,209 1,081 510,290 Total deposits 2,718,100 547 2,718,647 Other borrowings 37,547 503 38,050 Subordinated debentures 36,491 879 37,370 Accrued interest and other liabilities 23,667 (3,311) 20,356 Total liabilities assumed 2,815,805 (1,382) 2,814,423 Equity 384,507 (384,507) — Total equity assumed 384,507 (384,507) — Total liabilities and equity assumed $ 3,200,312 $ (385,889) $ 2,814,423 Net assets acquired 292,165 Purchase price 466,311 Goodwill $ 174,146 During 2023, the Company finalized its analysis of the loans acquired along with other acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to the Spirit acquisition. The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Spirit subsequent to the acquisition date. Summary of Unaudited Pro forma Information The unaudited pro forma information below for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 gives effect to the Spirit acquisition as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021. Pro forma earnings for the year ended December 31, 2022 were adjusted to exclude $18.7 million of acquisition-related costs, net of tax, incurred by the Company during 2022. The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations if the acquisition had been effective as of this date. (In thousands, except per share data) 2022 2021 Revenue (1) $ 912,631 $ 927,061 Net income $ 264,522 $ 307,752 Diluted earnings per share $ 2.04 $ 2.40 _________________________ (1) Net interest income plus non-interest income. As previously discussed, the Company’s acquisition of Spirit was completed on April 8, 2022, at which time Spirit was fully integrated into the Company’s operations. As a result, it is impracticable for the Company to provide certain post-closing information, such as revenue and earnings, as it relates to the Spirit acquisition. Landmark Community Bank On October 8, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Landmark Community Bank (“Landmark”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 4, 2021 (“Landmark Agreement”), at which time Landmark merged with and into Simmons Bank, with Simmons Bank continuing as the surviving entity. The Company issued 4,499,872 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $138.2 million as of October 8, 2021, plus $6,451,727.43 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Landmark capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger. Prior to the acquisition, Landmark, headquartered in Collierville, Tennessee, conducted banking business from 8 branches located in the Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, metropolitan areas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $968.8 million in assets, including approximately $789.5 million in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $802.7 million in deposits. Goodwill of $31.4 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s market share and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes. A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Landmark acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows: (In thousands) Acquired from Landmark Fair Value Adjustments Fair Value Assets Acquired Cash and due from banks $ 27,591 $ — $ 27,591 Due from banks - time 100 — 100 Investment securities 114,793 (125) 114,668 Loans acquired 785,551 3,953 789,504 Allowance for credit losses on loans (5,980) 3,621 (2,359) Premises and equipment 9,540 (4,099) 5,441 Bank owned life insurance 21,287 — 21,287 Core deposit intangible 88 4,071 4,159 Other assets 13,036 (4,605) 8,431 Total assets acquired $ 966,006 $ 2,816 $ 968,822 Liabilities Assumed Deposits: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts $ 110,393 $ — $ 110,393 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 425,777 — 425,777 Time deposits 266,835 (334) 266,501 Total deposits 803,005 (334) 802,671 Other borrowings 47,023 — 47,023 Accrued interest and other liabilities 8,459 (3,122) 5,337 Total liabilities assumed 858,487 (3,456) 855,031 Equity 107,519 (107,519) — Total equity assumed 107,519 (107,519) — Total liabilities and equity assumed $ 966,006 $ (110,975) $ 855,031 Net assets acquired 113,791 Purchase price 145,195 Goodwill $ 31,404 During 2022, the Company finalized its analysis of the loans acquired along with other acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to Landmark. The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Landmark subsequent to the acquisition date. Triumph Bancshares, Inc. On October 8, 2021, the Company completed its merger with Triumph Bancshares, Inc. (“Triumph”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 4, 2021 (“Triumph Agreement”), at which time Triumph merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. The Company issued 4,164,712 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $127.9 million as of October 8, 2021, plus $1,693,402.93 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Triumph capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger. Prior to the acquisition, Triumph, headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee, conducted banking business through its subsidiary bank, Triumph Bank, from 6 branches located in the Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, metropolitan areas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $847.2 million in assets, including approximately $698.8 million in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $719.7 million in deposits. Goodwill of $39.9 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s market share and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes. A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Triumph acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows: (In thousands) Acquired from Triumph Fair Value Adjustments Fair Value Assets Acquired Cash and due from banks $ 7,484 $ — $ 7,484 Due from banks - time 495 — 495 Investment securities 130,571 (1,116) 129,455 Loans acquired 702,460 (3,674) 698,786 Allowance for credit losses on loans (12,617) 1,525 (11,092) Premises and equipment 2,774 484 3,258 Goodwill 1,550 (1,550) — Core deposit intangible — 5,136 5,136 Other assets 12,806 897 13,703 Total assets acquired $ 845,523 $ 1,702 $ 847,225 Liabilities Assumed Deposits: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts $ 115,729 $ — $ 115,729 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 383,434 — 383,434 Time deposits 219,477 1,094 220,571 Total deposits 718,640 1,094 719,734 Other borrowings 2,854 — 2,854 Subordinated debentures 30,700 — 30,700 Accrued interest and other liabilities 2,882 455 3,337 Total liabilities assumed 755,076 1,549 756,625 Equity 90,446 (90,446) — Total equity assumed 90,446 (90,446) — Total liabilities and equity assumed $ 845,522 $ (88,897) $ 756,625 Net assets acquired 90,600 Purchase price 130,544 Goodwill $ 39,944 During 2022, the Company finalized its analysis of the loans acquired along with other acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to Triumph. The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Triumph subsequent to the acquisition date. Total acquisition-related costs of $1.4 million, $22.5 million, and $15.9 million were recorded during the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented in the acquisitions above. Cash and due from banks and time deposits due from banks – The carrying amount of these assets is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets. Investment securities – Investment securities were acquired with an adjustment to fair value based upon quoted market prices if material. Otherwise, the carrying amount of these assets was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. Loans acquired – Fair values for loans were based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considered factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan was amortizing, and current discount rates. The discount rates used for loans are based on current market rates for new originations of comparable loans and include adjustments for liquidity concerns. The discount rate does not include a factor for credit losses as that has been included in the estimated cash flows. Loans were grouped together according to similar characteristics and were treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. See Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. Premises and equipment – Bank premises and equipment were acquired with an adjustment to fair value, which represents the difference between the Company’s current analysis of property and equipment values completed in connection with the acquisition and book value acquired. Bank owned life insurance – Bank owned life insurance is carried at its current cash surrender value, which is the most reasonable estimate of fair value. Goodwill – The consideration paid as a result of the acquisition exceeded the fair value of the assets acquired, resulting in an intangible asset, goodwill. Goodwill established prior to the acquisitions, if applicable, was written off. Core deposit intangible – This intangible asset represents the value of the relationships that the acquired banks had with their deposit customers. The fair value of this intangible asset was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology that gave appropriate consideration to expected customer attrition rates, cost of the deposit base and the net maintenance cost attributable to customer deposits. Any core deposit intangible established prior to the acquisitions, if applicable, was written off. Other assets – The fair value adjustment results from certain assets whose value was estimated to be more or less than book value, such as certain prepaid assets, receivables and other miscellaneous assets. Otherwise, the carrying amount of these assets was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. Deposits – The fair values used for the demand and savings deposits that comprise the transaction accounts acquired, by definition equal the amount payable on demand at the acquisition date. The Company performed a fair value analysis of the estimated weighted average interest rate of the certificates of deposits compared to the current market rates and recorded a fair value adjustment for the difference when material. Securities sold under agreement to repurchase – The carrying amount of securities sold under agreement to repurchase is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these liabilities. Other borrowings – The fair value of other borrowings is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities. Subordinated debentures – The fair value of subordinated debentures is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities. Accrued interest and other liabilities

Investment Securities

Investment Securities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Investment Securities	INVESTMENT SECURITIES Held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities, which include any security for which the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the security’s estimated life. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date. Available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses, based on specifically identified amortized cost of the individual security, are included in other income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in stockholders’ equity, further discussed below. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date. During the quarters ended June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Company transferred, at fair value, $1.99 billion and $500.8 million, respectively, of securities from the AFS portfolio to the HTM portfolio. As of December 31, 2023, the related remaining combined net unrealized losses of $126.4 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be amortized over the remaining life of the securities. No gains or losses on these securities were recognized at the time of transfer. The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as HTM are as follows: (In thousands) Amortized Cost Allowance Net Carrying Amount Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Estimated Fair Held-to-maturity December 31, 2023 U.S. Government agencies $ 453,121 $ — $ 453,121 $ — $ (89,203) $ 363,918 Mortgage-backed securities 1,161,694 — 1,161,694 354 (107,834) 1,054,214 State and political subdivisions 1,858,680 (2,006) 1,856,674 284 (369,509) 1,487,449 Other securities 256,007 (1,208) 254,799 — (25,010) 229,789 Total HTM $ 3,729,502 $ (3,214) $ 3,726,288 $ 638 $ (591,556) $ 3,135,370 December 31, 2022 U.S. Government agencies $ 448,012 $ — $ 448,012 $ — $ (102,558) $ 345,454 Mortgage-backed securities 1,190,781 — 1,190,781 227 (118,960) 1,072,048 State and political subdivisions 1,861,102 (110) 1,860,992 56 (446,198) 1,414,850 Other securities 261,199 (1,278) 259,921 — (29,040) 230,881 Total HTM $ 3,761,094 $ (1,388) $ 3,759,706 $ 283 $ (696,756) $ 3,063,233 Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are commercial MBS, secured by commercial properties, and residential MBS, generally secured by single-family residential properties. All mortgage-backed securities included in the table above were issued by U.S. government agencies or corporations. As of December 31, 2023, HTM MBS consisted of $141.6 million and $1.02 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, HTM MBS consisted of $149.2 million and $1.04 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as AFS are as follows: (In thousands) Amortized Allowance for Credit Losses Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Estimated Fair Available-for-sale December 31, 2023 U.S. Treasury $ 2,285 $ — $ — $ (31) $ 2,254 U.S. Government agencies 74,460 — 35 (1,993) 72,502 Mortgage-backed securities 2,138,652 — 8 (198,353) 1,940,307 State and political subdivisions 1,035,147 — 187 (132,541) 902,793 Other securities 259,165 — — (24,868) 234,297 Total AFS $ 3,509,709 $ — $ 230 $ (357,786) $ 3,152,153 December 31, 2022 U.S. Treasury $ 2,257 $ — $ — $ (60) $ 2,197 U.S. Government agencies 191,498 — 103 (7,322) 184,279 Mortgage-backed securities 2,809,319 — 20 (266,437) 2,542,902 State and political subdivisions 1,056,124 — 250 (185,300) 871,074 Other securities 272,215 — — (19,813) 252,402 Total AFS $ 4,331,413 $ — $ 373 $ (478,932) $ 3,852,854 All mortgage-backed securities included in the table above were issued by U.S. government agencies or corporations. As of December 31, 2023, AFS MBS consisted of $710.1 million and $1.23 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, AFS MBS consisted of $1.07 billion and $1.47 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS securities at December 31, 2023 was $20.6 million and $24.7 million, respectively, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has made the election to exclude all accrued interest receivable from securities from the estimate of credit losses. The following table summarizes the Company’s AFS investments in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded as of December 31, 2023, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total (In thousands) Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Available-for-sale U.S. Treasury $ — $ — $ 2,254 $ (31) $ 2,254 $ (31) U.S. Government agencies 8,614 (39) 59,732 (1,954) 68,346 (1,993) Mortgage-backed securities 9,182 (135) 1,930,105 (198,218) 1,939,287 (198,353) State and political subdivisions 3,050 (163) 869,379 (132,378) 872,429 (132,541) Other securities 11,016 (2,654) 223,025 (22,214) 234,041 (24,868) Total AFS $ 31,862 $ (2,991) $ 3,084,495 $ (354,795) $ 3,116,357 $ (357,786) As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s investment portfolio included $3.15 billion of AFS securities, of which $3.12 billion, or 98.9%, were in an unrealized loss position that are not deemed to have credit losses. A portion of the unrealized losses were related to the Company’s MBS, which are issued and guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, and the Company’s state and political subdivision securities, specifically investments in insured fixed rate municipal bonds for which the issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Furthermore, the decline in fair value for each of the above AFS securities is attributable to the rates for those investments yielding less than current market rates. Management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. Management believes the declines in fair value for the securities are temporary. Management does not have the immediate intent to sell the securities, and management believes the accounting standard of “more likely than not” has not been met regarding whether the Company would be required to sell any of the AFS securities before recovery of amortized cost. Allowance for Credit Losses All MBS held by the Company are issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. Regarding securities issued by state and political subdivisions and other HTM securities, the adequacy of the reserve for credit loss is determined quarterly based on methodology similar to the methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses on loans. The methodology considers, but is not limited to: (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) issuer geography, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, (iv) probability-weighted multiple scenario forecasts, and (v) the issuers’ size. The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 on the Company’s HTM and AFS securities held. (In thousands) State and Political Subdivisions Other Securities Total December 31, 2023 Held-to-maturity Beginning balance, January 1, 2023 $ 110 $ 1,278 $ 1,388 Provision for credit loss expense 824 1,002 1,826 Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities 1,072 (1,072) — Ending balance, December 31, 2023 $ 2,006 $ 1,208 $ 3,214 Available-for-sale Beginning balance, January 1, 2023 $ — $ — $ — Provision for credit loss expense — 12,800 12,800 Reduction due to sales — (2,078) (2,078) Securities charged-off — (7,000) (7,000) Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities — (3,722) (3,722) Ending balance, December 31, 2023 $ — $ — $ — December 31, 2022 Held-to-maturity Beginning balance, January 1, 2022 $ 1,197 $ 82 $ 1,279 Provision for credit loss expense — — — Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities (1,180) 1,180 — Recoveries 93 16 109 Ending balance, December 31, 2022 $ 110 $ 1,278 $ 1,388 Based upon the Company’s analysis of the underlying risk characteristics of its AFS portfolio, including credit ratings and other qualitative factors, as previously discussed, the provision for credit losses related to AFS securities recorded during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $9.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company charged-off $7.0 million directly related to one corporate bond which was deemed uncollectible during the period. There was no provision for credit losses related to AFS securities recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes bond ratings for the Company’s HTM portfolio issued by state and political subdivisions and other securities as of December 31, 2023: State and Political Subdivisions (In thousands) Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance Pre-Refunded Total Other Securities Aaa/AAA $ 179,585 $ 299,910 $ — $ 479,495 $ — Aa/AA 635,749 524,037 — 1,159,786 — A 46,932 161,189 — 208,121 102,393 Baa/BBB — 4,376 — 4,376 153,614 Not Rated 6,902 — — 6,902 — Total $ 869,168 $ 989,512 $ — $ 1,858,680 $ 256,007 Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in the Company’s portfolio have generally not been significant. Pre-refunded securities, if any, have been defeased by the issuer and are fully secured by cash and/or U.S. Treasury securities held in escrow for payment to holders when the underlying call dates of the securities are reached. Securities with other credit enhancement or insurance continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities as there is no current expectation of credit losses related to these securities. Income earned on securities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, is as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Taxable: Held-to-maturity $ 44,093 $ 33,778 $ 4,208 Available-for-sale 99,085 60,659 54,768 Non-taxable: Held-to-maturity 40,612 36,516 16,047 Available-for-sale 23,128 27,250 36,670 Total $ 206,918 $ 158,203 $ 111,693 The amortized cost and estimated fair value by maturity of securities are shown in the following table as of December 31, 2023. Securities are classified according to their contractual maturities without consideration of principal amortization, potential prepayments or call options. Accordingly, actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities. Held-to-Maturity Available-for-Sale (In thousands) Amortized Fair Amortized Fair One year or less $ 1,473 $ 1,412 $ 10,418 $ 10,115 After one through five years 9,159 8,877 115,387 114,069 After five through ten years 387,939 345,785 216,076 190,533 After ten years 2,169,237 1,725,082 1,028,920 896,873 Securities not due on a single maturity date 1,161,694 1,054,214 2,138,652 1,940,307 Other securities (no maturity) — — 256 256 Total $ 3,729,502 $ 3,135,370 $ 3,509,709 $ 3,152,153 The carrying value, which approximates the fair value, of securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, amounted to $3.32 billion at December 31, 2023 and $3.96 billion at December 31, 2022. The Company sold approximately $247.9 million of investment securities during 2023 and approximately $342.6 million of investment securities during 2021. No securities were sold during 2022. Securities sold in 2023 were in large part related to a strategic decision by the Company to sell low yield securities and use the proceeds to pay off higher rate wholesale fundings, including both brokered deposits and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, while the securities sold during 2021 were part of a strategic plan to realize gains on securities with projected calls within the short-term period. The net losses on the sale and call of securities in 2023 and 2022 as compared to 2021 reflect the rising interest rate environment experienced over the comparative period. There were no gross realized gains and approximately $20.6 million of gross realized losses from the sale of securities during the year ended December 31, 2023. There were approximately $46,000 of gross realized gains and $324,000 of gross realized losses from the call of securities during the year ended December 31, 2022. There were approximately $15.9 million of gross realized gains and $422,000 of gross realized losses from the sale of securities during the year ended December 31, 2021. The income tax expense/benefit related to security gains/losses was 26.135% of the gross amounts in 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company has entered into various fair value hedging transactions to mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on the fair value of AFS securities. See Note 21, Derivative Instruments, for disclosure of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments and the cumulative fair value hedging adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged securities.

Other Assets and Other Liabilit

Other Assets and Other Liabilities Held for Sale	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Other Assets and Other Liabilities Held for Sale	OTHER ASSETS AND OTHER LIABILITIES HELD FOR SALE Illinois Branch Sale On November 30, 2020, Simmons Bank entered into a Branch Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the “Citizens Equity Agreement”) with Citizens Equity First Credit Union (“CEFCU”). On March 12, 2021, CEFCU completed its purchase of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities (the “Illinois Branch Sale”) associated with four Simmons Bank locations in the Metro East area of Southern Illinois, near St. Louis (collectively, the “Illinois Branches”). Pursuant to the terms of the Citizens Equity Agreement, CEFCU assumed certain deposit liabilities and acquired certain loans, as well as cash, personal property and other fixed assets associated with the Illinois Branches. The loan and deposit balances of the Illinois Branches were $354,000 and $137.9 million, respectively. During 2021, the Company recognized a gain on sale of $5.3 million related to the Illinois Branches. Spirit Acquisition In connection with the acquisition of Spirit, the Company acquired a portfolio of loans which were identified as held for sale by the acquired bank prior to the completion of the acquisition. These loans were valued at $35.2 million, net of fair value discounts, at the date of acquisition with no remaining balance as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, there were no outstanding other assets and other liabilities held for sale.

Loans and Allowance for Credit

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses	LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES At December 31, 2023, the Company’s loan portfolio was $16.85 billion, compared to $16.14 billion at December 31, 2022. The various categories of loans are summarized as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Consumer: Credit cards $ 191,204 $ 196,928 Other consumer 127,462 152,882 Total consumer 318,666 349,810 Real estate: Construction and development 3,144,220 2,566,649 Single family residential 2,641,556 2,546,115 Other commercial 7,552,410 7,468,498 Total real estate 13,338,186 12,581,262 Commercial: Commercial 2,490,176 2,632,290 Agricultural 232,710 205,623 Total commercial 2,722,886 2,837,913 Other 465,932 373,139 Total loans $ 16,845,670 $ 16,142,124 The above table presents total loans at amortized cost. The difference between amortized cost and unpaid principal balance is primarily premiums and discounts associated with acquisition date fair value adjustments on acquired loans as well as deferred origination costs and fees totaling $6.7 million and $26.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $77.1 million and $65.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Loan Origination/Risk Management – The Company seeks to manage its credit risk by diversifying its loan portfolio, determining that borrowers have adequate sources of cash flow for loan repayment without liquidation of collateral; obtaining and monitoring collateral; and providing an adequate allowance for credit losses by regularly reviewing loans through the internal loan review process. The loan portfolio is diversified by borrower, purpose and industry. The Company seeks to use diversification within the loan portfolio to reduce its credit risk, thereby minimizing the adverse impact on the portfolio if weaknesses develop in either the economy or a particular segment of borrowers. Collateral requirements are based on credit assessments of borrowers and may be used to recover the debt in case of default. Consumer – The consumer loan portfolio consists of credit card loans and other consumer loans. Credit card loans are diversified by geographic region to reduce credit risk and minimize any adverse impact on the portfolio. Although they are regularly reviewed to facilitate the identification and monitoring of creditworthiness, credit card loans are unsecured loans, making them more susceptible to economic downturns that result in increased unemployment. Other consumer loans include direct installment loans and account overdrafts. Loans in this portfolio segment are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures. Real estate – The real estate loan portfolio consists of construction and development loans (“C&D”), single family residential loans and commercial loans. C&D and commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans can be particularly sensitive to valuation of real estate. CRE cycles are inevitable. The long planning and production process for new properties and rapid shifts in business conditions and employment create an inherent tension between supply and demand for commercial properties. While general economic trends often move individual markets in the same direction over time, the timing and magnitude of changes are determined by other forces unique to each market. CRE cycles tend to be local in nature and longer than other credit cycles. Factors influencing the CRE market are traditionally different from those affecting residential real estate markets; thereby making predictions for one market based on the other difficult. Additionally, submarkets within CRE – such as office, industrial, apartment, retail and hotel – also experience different cycles, providing an opportunity to lower the overall risk through diversification across types of CRE loans. Management realizes that local demand and supply conditions will also mean that different geographic areas will experience cycles of different amplitude and length. The Company monitors these loans closely. Commercial – The commercial loan portfolio includes commercial and agricultural loans, representing loans to commercial customers and farmers for use in normal business or farming operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases or other expansion projects. Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans are also included in the commercial loan portfolio. Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, particularly cash flow from customers’ business or farming operations. The Company continues its efforts to keep loan terms short, reducing the negative impact of upward movement in interest rates. Term loans are generally set up with one Paycheck Protection Program Loans - The Company originated loans pursuant to multiple PPP appropriations of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act which provided 100% federally guaranteed loans for small businesses to cover up to 24 weeks of payroll costs and assistance with mortgage interest, rent and utilities. Notably, these small business loans may be forgiven by the SBA if borrowers maintain their payrolls and satisfy certain other conditions. PPP loans have a zero percent risk-weight for regulatory capital ratios. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total outstanding balance of PPP loans was $4.8 million and $8.9 million, respectively. Other – The other loan portfolio includes mortgage warehouse loans, representing warehouse lines of credit to mortgage originators for the disbursement of newly originated 1-4 family residential loans. Also included in the other loan portfolio are loans to public sector customers, including state and local governments. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans – Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans segregated by class of loans are as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Consumer: Credit cards $ 487 $ 349 Other consumer 589 433 Total consumer 1,076 782 Real estate: Construction and development 2,457 2,799 Single family residential 27,209 22,319 Other commercial 11,960 14,998 Total real estate 41,626 40,116 Commercial: Commercial 39,886 17,356 Agricultural 734 177 Total commercial 40,620 17,533 Other 3 3 Total $ 83,325 $ 58,434 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, nonaccrual loans for which there was no related allowance for credit losses had an amortized cost of $3.2 million and $16.9 million, respectively. These loans are individually assessed and do not hold an allowance due to being adequately collateralized under the collateral-dependent valuation method. An age analysis of the amortized cost basis of past due loans, including nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans is as follows: (In thousands) Gross 90 Days Total Current Total 90 Days December 31, 2023 Consumer: Credit cards $ 1,734 $ 892 $ 2,626 $ 188,578 $ 191,204 $ 791 Other consumer 1,471 216 1,687 125,775 127,462 — Total consumer 3,205 1,108 4,313 314,353 318,666 791 Real estate: Construction and development 3,171 2,190 5,361 3,138,859 3,144,220 — Single family residential 30,697 12,522 43,219 2,598,337 2,641,556 7 Other commercial 4,702 3,612 8,314 7,544,096 7,552,410 — Total real estate 38,570 18,324 56,894 13,281,292 13,338,186 7 Commercial: Commercial 13,799 22,750 36,549 2,453,627 2,490,176 349 Agricultural 92 516 608 232,102 232,710 — Total commercial 13,891 23,266 37,157 2,685,729 2,722,886 349 Other — 3 3 465,929 465,932 — Total $ 55,666 $ 42,701 $ 98,367 $ 16,747,303 $ 16,845,670 $ 1,147 December 31, 2022 Consumer: Credit cards $ 1,297 $ 409 $ 1,706 $ 195,222 $ 196,928 $ 225 Other consumer 852 214 1,066 151,816 152,882 — Total consumer 2,149 623 2,772 347,038 349,810 225 Real estate: Construction and development 4,677 443 5,120 2,561,529 2,566,649 — Single family residential 23,625 11,075 34,700 2,511,415 2,546,115 106 Other commercial 2,759 7,100 9,859 7,458,639 7,468,498 — Total real estate 31,061 18,618 49,679 12,531,583 12,581,262 106 Commercial: Commercial 5,034 7,575 12,609 2,619,681 2,632,290 176 Agricultural 111 67 178 205,445 205,623 — Total commercial 5,145 7,642 12,787 2,825,126 2,837,913 176 Other 61 3 64 373,075 373,139 — Total $ 38,416 $ 26,886 $ 65,302 $ 16,076,822 $ 16,142,124 $ 507 Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company has internal loan modification programs for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness and/or term extensions. The Company primarily uses interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal. The following table presents a summary of the amortized cost basis of loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, segregated by class of loans and type of loan modification, for the year ended December 31, 2023. Percent of Percent of Total Class Total Class (Dollars in thousands) Rate Reduction of Loans Term Extension of Loans Real estate: Single family residential $ 79 — % $ — — % Other commercial — — % 30,493 0.40 % Total real estate 79 30,493 Commercial: Commercial — — % 746 0.03 % Total commercial — 746 Total $ 79 $ 31,239 The financial effects of the modified loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the single family residential real estate and commercial portfolio were not significant during the year ended December 31, 2023 and did not significantly impact the Company’s determination of the allowance for credit losses on loans during the year. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company modified one loan for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty related to the CRE portfolio, whereby the modification allowed for two months of interest only payments with the remaining balance due at maturity. Upon modification, a charge-off of $9.6 million was recorded in relation to this modified loan during 2023. As a result of this CRE loan modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 being collateral-dependent, the impact to the Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans was the difference between the fair value of the underlying collateral, adjusted for selling costs, and the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 were all current at December 31, 2023, with no loans in past due status. Additionally, there were no modified loans for which a payment default occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023 and were modified within twelve months prior to default. In relation to loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, the Company defines a payment default as a payment received more than 90 days after its due date. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $2.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $506,000 and $853,000, respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties. Troubled Debt Restructurings (Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02) When the Company restructured a loan to a borrower that was experiencing financial difficulty and granted a concession that it would not otherwise consider, a “troubled debt restructuring” (“TDR”) resulted, and the Company classified the loan as a TDR. The Company granted various types of concessions, primarily interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal. Once an obligation was restructured because of such credit problems, it continued to be considered a TDR until paid in full; or, if an obligation yielded a market interest rate and no longer has any concession regarding payment amount or amortization, then it was not considered a TDR at the beginning of the calendar year after the year in which the improvement had taken place. The Company returned TDRs to accrual status only if (1) all contractual amounts due were reasonably expected to be repaid within a prudent period and (2) repayment was in accordance with the contract for a sustained period, typically at least six months. TDRs were individually evaluated for expected credit losses. The Company assessed the exposure for each modification, either by the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected cash flows, and determined if a specific allowance for credit losses was needed. The following table presents a summary of TDRs segregated by class of loans as of December 31, 2022. Accruing TDR Loans Nonaccrual TDR Loans Total TDR Loans (Dollars in thousands) Number Balance Number Balance Number Balance December 31, 2022 Real estate: Single-family residential 24 $ 1,849 12 $ 1,589 36 $ 3,438 Total real estate 24 1,849 12 1,589 36 3,438 Commercial: Commercial — — 1 33 1 33 Total commercial — — 1 33 1 33 Total 24 $ 1,849 13 $ 1,622 37 $ 3,471 The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2022. Modification Type (Dollars in thousands) Number of Balance Prior Balance at December 31, Change in Change in Financial Impact Year Ended December 31, 2022 Real estate: Single-family residential 4 $ 760 $ 730 $ — $ 730 $ — Total real estate 4 $ 760 $ 730 $ — $ 730 $ — During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company modified four loans with a recorded investment of $760,000 prior to modification which were deemed TDRs. The restructured loans were modified by reducing the interest rate on the loan. No specific reserve was recorded with respect to these TDRs. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure. Additionally, there was one loan with an outstanding balance of $7,800 considered a TDR for which a payment default occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company defines a payment default as a payment received more than 90 days after its due date. There were no TDRs with pre-modification loan balances for which OREO was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans during the year ended December 31, 2022. Credit Quality Indicators – As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk rating of commercial and real estate loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial and real estate loans, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions of the Company’s local markets. The Company utilizes a risk rating matrix to assign a risk rate to each of its commercial and real estate loans. Risk ratings are updated on an ongoing basis and are subject to change by continuous loan monitoring processes including lending management monitoring, executive management and board committee oversight, and independent credit review. A description of the general characteristics of the risk ratings is as follows: • Pass (Excellent) – This category includes loans which are virtually free of credit risk. Borrowers in this category represent the highest credit quality and greatest financial strength. • Pass (Good) - Loans under this category possess a nominal risk of default. This category includes borrowers with strong financial strength and superior financial ratios and trends. These loans are generally fully secured by cash or equivalents (other than those rated “excellent”). • Pass (Acceptable – Average) - Loans in this category are considered to possess a normal level of risk. Borrowers in this category have satisfactory financial strength and adequate cash flow coverage to service debt requirements. If secured, the perfected collateral should be of acceptable quality and within established borrowing parameters. • Pass (Monitor) - Loans in the Watch (Monitor) category exhibit an overall acceptable level of risk, but that risk may be increased by certain conditions, which represent “red flags”. These “red flags” require a higher level of supervision or monitoring than the normal “Pass” rated credit. The borrower may be experiencing these conditions for the first time, or it may be recovering from weakness, which at one time justified a higher rating. These conditions may include: weaknesses in financial trends; marginal cash flow; one-time negative operating results; non-compliance with policy or borrowing agreements; poor diversity in operations; lack of adequate monitoring information or lender supervision; questionable management ability/stability. • Special Mention - A loan in this category has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified (although they are “criticized”) and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends or an ill-proportioned balance sheet. Non-financial characteristics of a Special Mention rating may include management problems, pending litigation, a non-existent or ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weakness, and/or other significant deviation from prudent lending practices. • Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. This does not imply ultimate loss of the principal, but may involve burdensome administrative expenses and the accompanying cost to carry the loan. • Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan except that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full (on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values) highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as loss is deferred. Pending factors include: proposed merger or acquisition; liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfection of liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans. Loans classified as Doubtful are placed on nonaccrual status. • Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loans has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless loan, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Borrowers in the Loss category are often in bankruptcy, have formally suspended debt repayments, or have otherwise ceased normal business operations. Loans should be classified as Loss and charged-off in the period in which they become uncollectible. The Company monitors credit quality in the consumer portfolio by delinquency status. The delinquency status of loans is updated daily. A description of the delinquency credit quality indicators is as follows: • Current - Loans in this category are either current in payments or are under 30 days past due. These loans are considered to have a normal level of risk. • 30-89 Days Past Due - Loans in this category are between 30 and 89 days past due and are subject to the Company’s loss mitigation process. These loans are considered to have a moderate level of risk. • 90+ Days Past Due - Loans in this category are 90 days or more past due and are placed on nonaccrual status. These loans have been subject to the Company’s loss mitigation process and foreclosure and/or charge-off proceedings have commenced. The Company uses a dual risk rating scale that utilizes quantitative models and qualitative factors (“score cards”) to assist in determining the appropriate risk rating for its commercial loans. This dual risk rating methodology incorporates a “probability of default” analysis which utilizes quantified metrics such as loan terms and financial performance, as well as a “loss given default” analysis which utilizes collateral values and economics of the market, among other attributes. Model outputs are reviewed and analyzed to ensure the projected risk levels are commensurate with underwriting and credit leader expectations. The risk rating scale includes Probability of Default levels of 1 – 16 and Loss Given Default levels of A – I. The scale allows for more granular recognition of risk and diversification of grading among traditional Pass grades. The following is a reconciliation between the expanded risk rating scale and the Company’s traditional risk rating segments utilized within the commercial loan classes presented in the credit quality indicator tables. • Pass - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 1 through 11. Loans with a risk rating of 10 and 11 equate to loans included on management’s “watch list” and is intended to be utilized on a temporary basis for pass grade borrowers where a significant risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term. • Special Mention - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 12. • Substandard - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 13 and 14. • Doubtful and loss - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 15 and 16. The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of December 31, 2023, segregated by class of loans. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 and Prior Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Consumer - credit cards Delinquency: Current $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 188,578 $ — $ 188,578 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 1,734 — 1,734 90+ days past due — — — — — — 892 — 892 Total consumer - credit cards — — — — — — 191,204 — 191,204 Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs — — — — — — 5,303 — 5,303 Consumer - other Delinquency: Current 55,091 35,904 12,115 3,838 1,471 1,106 16,250 — 125,775 30-89 days past due 400 719 127 53 2 16 154 — 1,471 90+ days past due 35 127 46 — — — 8 — 216 Total consumer - other 55,526 36,750 12,288 3,891 1,473 1,122 16,412 — 127,462 Current-period consumer - other gross charge-offs 220 826 493 79 29 128 449 — 2,224 Real estate - C&D Risk rating: Pass 138,749 143,711 52,081 45,027 10,278 13,632 2,710,853 504 3,114,835 Special mention — 1,143 7,284 — — 396 16,682 — 25,505 Substandard — 101 48 — — 247 3,484 — 3,880 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total real estate - C&D 138,749 144,955 59,413 45,027 10,278 14,275 2,731,019 504 3,144,220 Current-period real estate - C&D gross charge-offs — 1,148 — — — 8 349 — 1,505 Real estate - SF residential Delinquency: Current 371,326 620,933 352,589 238,128 121,416 504,675 388,705 565 2,598,337 30-89 days past due 5,222 5,061 3,667 2,283 1,741 9,759 2,964 — 30,697 90+ days past due 1,313 2,443 1,810 1,661 120 3,465 1,710 — 12,522 Total real estate - SF residential 377,861 628,437 358,066 242,072 123,277 517,899 393,379 565 2,641,556 Current-period real estate - SF residential gross charge-offs — 111 12 73 — 677 232 — 1,105 Real estate - other commercial Risk rating: Pass 729,602 1,651,010 1,237,810 621,595 171,230 417,122 2,333,637 — 7,162,006 Special mention 37,302 8,458 10,149 7,844 1,364 11,604 84,978 — 161,699 Substandard 40,664 10,290 4,495 16,646 6,293 9,861 140,454 — 228,703 Doubtful and loss — — — 2 — — — — 2 Total real estate - other commercial 807,568 1,669,758 1,252,454 646,087 178,887 438,587 2,559,069 — 7,552,410 Current-period real estate - other commercial gross charge-offs — — — 7 2 35 9,731 — 9,775 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 and Prior Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Risk rating: Pass 440,872 354,016 200,941 67,320 27,374 42,953 1,271,826 — 2,405,302 Special mention 157 14,117 316 367 98 889 8,228 — 24,172 Substandard 1,998 11,874 6,272 2,934 1,722 3,392 32,510 — 60,702 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial 443,027 380,007 207,529 70,621 29,194 47,234 1,312,564 — 2,490,176 Current-period commercial - gross charge-offs 463 2,081 778 197 244 815 1,351 — 5,929 Commercial - agriculture Risk rating: Pass 39,680 30,075 13,940 6,280 2,071 303 134,180 — 226,529 Special mention 363 733 1,068 — — — 3,257 — 5,421 Substandard 518 37 71 104 26 — 4 — 760 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial - agriculture 40,561 30,845 15,079 6,384 2,097 303 137,441 — 232,710 Current-period commercial - agriculture gross charge-offs — 7 — — — 26 — — 33 Other Delinquency: Current 45,234 144,732 28,413 2,543 3,255 36,719 205,033 — 465,929 30-89 days past due — — — — — — — — — 90+ days past due — — — — — 3 — — 3 Total other 45,234 144,732 28,413 2,543 3,255 36,722 205,033 — 465,932 Current-period other - gross charge-offs — — — — — — 298 — 298 Total $ 1,908,526 $ 3,035,484 $ 1,933,242 $ 1,016,625 $ 348,461 $ 1,056,142 $ 7,546,121 $ 1,069 $ 16,845,670 The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of December 31, 2022 segregated by class of loans. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 and Prior Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Consumer - credit cards Delinquency: Current $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 195,222 $ — $ 195,222 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 1,297 — 1,297 90+ days past due — — — — — — 409 — 409 Total consumer - credit cards — — — — — — 196,928 — 196,928 Consumer - other Delinquency: Current 86,303 26,339 10,071 3,804 2,671 2,275 20,350 3 $ 151,816 30-89 days past due 298 241 135 13 34 119 12 — 852 90+ days past due 121 47 2 1 2 41 — — 214 Total consumer - other 86,722 26,627 10,208 3,818 2,707 2,435 20,362 3 152,882 Real estate - C&D Risk rating: Pass 237,304 68,916 50,912 16,920 13,625 9,611 2,163,776 334 $ 2,561,398 Special mention — — — — — 41 1,342 — 1,383 Substandard 1,091 116 36 13 31 103 2,478 — 3,868 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total real estate - C&D 238,395 69,032 50,948 16,933 13,656 9,755 2,167,596 334 2,566,649 Real estate - SF residential Delinquency: Current 700,976 411,885 295,365 141,608 192,176 440,931 324,282 4,192 $ 2,511,415 30-89 days past due 3,105 3,415 1,290 2,018 3,129 8,626 2,042 — 23,625 90+ days past due 586 871 885 968 1,017 6,312 436 — 11,075 Total real estate - SF residential 704,667 416,171 297,540 144,594 196,322 455,869 326,760 4,192 2,546,115 Real estate - other commercial Risk rating: Pass 1,917,352 1,482,049 768,630 254,986 179,729 428,027 2,093,379 19,469 7,143,621 Special mention 19,538 32,831 38,821 206 2,261 20,741 104,431 — 218,829 Substandard 24,639 3,399 27,399 2,544 2,026 15,217 30,824 — 106,048 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total real estate - other commercial 1,961,529 1,518,279 834,850 257,736 184,016 463,985 2,228,634 19,469 7,468,498 Commercial Risk rating: Pass 595,256 300,650 168,539 41,924 31,329 35,447 1,401,402 24,940 2,599,487 Special mention 199 1,700 11 32 — 927 2,708 80 5,657 Substandard 5,257 2,435 3,328 802 891 1,290 11,337 1,805 27,145 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — 1 1 Total commercial 600,712 304,785 171,878 42,758 32,220 37,664 1,415,447 26,826 2,632,290 Commercial - agriculture Risk rating: Pass 44,377 22,901 12,044 4,483 1,029 369 119,342 310 204,855 Special mention 8 — — — — — — — 8 Substandard 55 8 78 49 10 — 560 — 760 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial - agriculture 44,440 22,909 12,122 4,532 1,039 369 119,902 310 205,623 Other Delinquency: Current 152,086 29,362 8,181 4,742 20,018 25,349 132,384 953 373,075 30-89 days past due — — — — — 61 — — 61 90+ days past due — — — — — 3 — — 3 Total other 152,086 29,362 8,181 4,742 20,018 25,413 132,384 953 373,139 Total $ 3,788,551 $ 2,387,165 $ 1,385,727 $ 475,113 $ 449,978 $ 995,490 $ 6,608,013 $ 52,087 $ 16,142,124 Allowance for Credit Losses Allowance for Credit Losses – The allowance for credit losses is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, quantitative factors, and other qualitative considerations. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for expected loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company’s allowance for credit loss methodology includes reserve factors calculated to estimate current expected credit losses to amortized cost balances over the remaining contractual life of the portfolio, adjusted for prepayments, in accordance with ASC Topic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses . Accordingly, the methodology is comprised of two components: individual assessments on loans with unique risk characteristics and collective assessments for loans that share similar risk characteristics. Loans with similar risk characteristics such as loan type, collateral type, and internal risk ratings are aggregated for collective assessment. The Company uses statistically-based models that leverage assumptions about current and future economic conditions throughout the contractual life of the loan. Expected credit losses are estimated by either lifetime loss rates or expected loss cash flows based on three key parameters: probability-of-default (“PD”), exposure-at-default (“EAD”), and loss-given-default (“LGD”). Future economic conditions are incorporated to the extent that they are reasonable and supportable. Beyond the reasonable and supportable periods, the economic variables revert to a historical equilibrium at a pace dependent on the state of the economy reflected within the economic scenarios. To determine the best estimate of credit losses as of December 31, 2023 , the Company utilized a probability-weighted, multiple-scenario approach consisting of Baseline, Upside (S1), and Downside (S3) scenarios published by Moody’s Analytics in December 2023 that was updated to reflect the U.S. economic outlook. The Company also includes qualitative adjustments to the allowance based on factors and considerations that have not otherwise been fully accounted for. These factors may include but are not limited to portfolio trends and considerations, other economic considerations, policy actions, concentration risk, or imprecision risk. Loans with similar risk characteristics such as loan type, collateral type, and internal risk ratings are aggregated into homogeneous segments for assessment. Reserve factors are based on estimated probability of default and loss given default for each segment. The estimates are determined based on economic forecasts over the reasonable and supportable forecast period based on projected performance of economic variables that have a statistical relationship with the historical loss experience of th

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and L

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities	RIGHT-OF-USE LEASE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases , which requires recognition of most leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. At lease commencement, the lease contract is reviewed to determine whether the contract is a finance lease or an operating lease; a lease liability is recognized on a discounted basis, related to the Company’s obligation to make lease payments; and a right-of-use asset is also recognized related to the Company’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components (such as taxes, insurance and common area maintenance costs) separately as such amounts are generally readily determinable under the lease contracts. Lease payments over the expected term are discounted using the Company’s FHLB advance rates for borrowings of similar term. If it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised, the effects of such options are included in the determination of the expected lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s leases are classified as operating leases with a term, including expected renewal or termination options, greater than one year, and are related to certain office facilities and office equipment. The following table presents information as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 related to the Company’s right-of-use lease assets, included in premises and equipment, and lease liabilities, included in accrued interest and other liabilities. (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Right-of-use lease assets $ 67,267 $ 46,845 Lease liabilities 68,788 47,850 Weighted average remaining lease term 8.81 years 6.69 years Weighted average discount rate 3.52 % 2.41 % Operating lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $15.7 million, $14.2 million, and $11.5 million, respectively. The Company’s remaining undiscounted minimum lease payments on operating leases as of December 31, 2023 are as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 13,064 2025 11,212 2026 10,147 2027 7,732 2028 6,792 Thereafter 33,044 Total undiscounted minimum lease payments 81,991 Less: Net present value adjustment 13,203 Lease liability included in other liabilities $ 68,788

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Premises and Equipment	PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Total premises and equipment, net at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Right-of-use lease assets $ 67,267 $ 46,845 Premises and equipment: Land 122,093 122,841 Buildings and improvements 388,675 370,530 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 112,133 122,029 Software 61,242 70,984 Construction in progress 14,142 15,488 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (194,874) (199,976) Total premises and equipment, net $ 570,678 $ 548,741

Goodwill and Other Intangible A

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill is tested annually, or more often than annually, if circumstances warrant, for impairment. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill impairment is indicated, and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the financial statements. Goodwill totaled $1.32 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Goodwill increased $1.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to the continued assessment of the fair value and assumed tax position of the Spirit acquisition. Goodwill impairment was neither indicated nor recorded in 2023, 2022 or 2021. During March of 2023, the Company’s share price began to decline as markets in the United States (“US”) responded to the sudden collapse of two US banks. As a result of the decrease in the Company’s market capitalization, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment qualitative assessment during the first quarter of 2023 and concluded that it was more likely-than-not that the fair value of goodwill continued to exceed its carrying value and therefore, goodwill was not impaired. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company performed an annual goodwill impairment analysis and concluded that it is more likely-than-not that the fair value of goodwill continues to exceed its carrying value and therefore, goodwill was not impaired. Additionally, the Company performed interim goodwill impairment assessments during the third and fourth quarters of 2023 and concluded no impairment existed during the periods. During 2022, the Company performed an annual goodwill impairment analysis and concluded no impairment existed. Additionally during 2022, the Company’s share price declined as markets in the United States responded to record inflation and other economic pressures. As a result of the effect on share price, the Company performed interim goodwill impairment assessments during the second, third and fourth quarters of 2022 and concluded no impairment existed during the periods. While the goodwill impairment analysis indicated no impairment at December 31, 2023, the Company’s assessment depends on several assumptions which are dependent on market and economic conditions, and future changes in those conditions could impact the Company’s assessment in the future. Core deposit premiums represent the value of the relationships that acquired banks had with their deposit customers and are amortized over periods ranging from 10 years to 15 years and are periodically evaluated, at least annually, as to the recoverability of their carrying value. Other intangible assets represent the value of other acquired relationships, including relationships with trust and wealth management customers, and are being amortized over various periods ranging from 8 years to 15 years. Changes in the carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s core deposit premiums and other intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Core deposit premiums: Balance, beginning of year $ 116,016 $ 93,862 Acquisitions (1) — 36,500 Amortization (14,672) (14,346) Balance, end of year 101,344 116,016 Books of business and other intangibles: Balance, beginning of year 12,935 12,373 Acquisitions (2) — 2,131 Amortization (1,634) (1,569) Balance, end of year 11,301 12,935 Total other intangible assets, net $ 112,645 $ 128,951 _________________________ (1) A core deposit premium of $36.5 million was recorded during 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions. (2) The Company recorded $2.1 million during 2022 related to servicing assets acquired as part of the Spirit acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions. The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of the Company’s other intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Core deposit premiums: Gross carrying amount $ 187,467 $ 189,996 Accumulated amortization (86,123) (73,980) Core deposit premiums, net 101,344 116,016 Books of business and other intangibles: Gross carrying amount 22,068 22,068 Accumulated amortization (10,767) (9,133) Books of business and other intangibles, net 11,301 12,935 Total other intangible assets, net $ 112,645 $ 128,951 Core deposit premium amortization expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $14.7 million, $14.3 million and $12.1 million, respectively. Amortization expense recorded for books of business and other intangibles was $1.6 million, $1.6 million, and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company’s estimated remaining amortization expense on other intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 is as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 15,403 2025 12,819 2026 12,346 2027 12,218 2028 11,312 Thereafter 48,547 Total $ 112,645

Time Deposits

Time Deposits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]
Time Deposits	TIME DEPOSITS Time deposits included approximately $1.73 billion and $1.08 billion of certificates of deposit over $250,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Brokered time deposits were $2.90 billion and $2.75 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Maturities of all time deposits at December 31, 2023 are as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 6,089,586 2025 287,651 2026 56,173 2027 6,705 2028 5,125 Thereafter 1,433 Total $ 6,446,673 Deposits are the Company’s primary funding source for loans and investment securities. The mix and repricing alternatives can significantly affect the cost of this source of funds and, therefore, impact the interest margin.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	INCOME TAXES The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31 is comprised of the following components: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Income taxes currently payable $ 28,006 $ 35,215 $ 50,369 Deferred income taxes (2,460) 14,933 10,937 Provision for income taxes $ 25,546 $ 50,148 $ 61,306 The tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts that give rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and their approximate tax effects, are as follows as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Loans acquired $ 3,644 $ 5,846 Allowance for credit losses 53,445 47,145 Valuation of foreclosed assets 480 523 Tax NOLs from acquisition 9,643 10,962 Deferred compensation payable 3,355 3,867 Accrued equity and other compensation 8,048 8,153 Acquired securities 7,569 7,651 Right-of-use lease liability 16,501 11,641 Unrealized loss on AFS securities 143,624 177,839 Allowance for unfunded commitments 6,148 10,200 Other 7,627 4,173 Gross deferred tax assets 260,084 288,000 Deferred tax liabilities: Goodwill and other intangible amortization (41,174) (44,539) Accumulated depreciation (24,632) (24,288) Right-of-use lease asset (16,136) (11,396) Unrealized gain on swaps (25,371) (25,836) Other (10,995) (8,875) Gross deferred tax liabilities (118,308) (114,934) Net deferred tax asset $ 141,776 $ 173,066 A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown below for the years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Computed at the statutory rate $ 42,127 $ 64,378 $ 69,807 Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit (983) 3,249 4,452 Discrete items related to share-based compensation 596 (74) (17) Tax exempt interest income (15,357) (14,484) (11,510) Tax exempt earnings on bank owned life insurance (2,607) (1,918) (1,212) Federal tax credits (218) (1,708) (2,260) Other differences, net 1,988 705 2,046 Actual tax provision $ 25,546 $ 50,148 $ 61,306 The Company follows ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes , which prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties. The Company has no history of expiring net operating loss carryforwards and is projecting significant pre-tax and financial taxable income in future years. The Company expects to fully realize its deferred tax assets in the future. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease in the future for various reasons including adding amounts for current tax year positions, expiration of open income tax returns due to the statutes of limitation, changes in management’s judgment about the level of uncertainty, status of examinations, litigation and legislative activity and the addition or elimination of uncertain tax positions. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes an annual limit on the ability of a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” to use its U.S. net operating losses to reduce its tax liability. The Company has engaged in four tax-free reorganization transactions in which acquired net operating losses are limited pursuant to Section 382. In total, approximately $39.4 million of federal net operating losses subject to the IRC Section 382 annual limitation are expected to be utilized by the Company. All of the acquired net operating loss carryforwards are expected to be fully utilized by 2036. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns are open and subject to examinations from the 2020 tax year and forward. The Company’s various state income tax returns are generally open from the 2020 and later tax return years based on individual state statute of limitations.

Securities Sold Under Agreement

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase	SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE The Company utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of its customers and to facilitate secured short-term funding needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are stated at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with the Company’s safekeeping agents. The gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements was $67.6 million and $152.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented in the following tables. Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements (In thousands) Overnight and Up to 30 Days 30-90 Days Greater than Total December 31, 2023 Repurchase agreements: U.S. Government agencies $ 67,569 $ — $ — $ — $ 67,569 December 31, 2022 Repurchase agreements: U.S. Government agencies $ 152,403 $ — $ — $ — $ 152,403

Other Borrowings and Subordinat

Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures	OTHER BORROWINGS AND SUBORDINATED NOTES AND DEBENTURES Debt at December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following components: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Other Borrowings FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2024 to 2033, 4.56% to 5.68%, secured by real estate loans $ 953,222 $ 838,487 Other long-term debt 19,144 20,809 Total other borrowings 972,366 859,296 Subordinated Notes and Debentures Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly) (1) 330,000 330,000 Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) 37,171 37,285 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1,030) (1,296) Total subordinated notes and debentures 366,141 365,989 Total other borrowings and subordinated debt $ 1,338,507 $ 1,225,285 _________________________ (1) The Company transitioned from the three month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to the three month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus a comparable spread adjustment of 26.16 basis points, beginning with interest accrued on the notes from and after October 1, 2023. In March 2018, the Company issued $330.0 million in aggregate principal amount, of 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes (“Notes”) at a public offering price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes. The Company incurred $3.6 million in debt issuance costs related to the offering during March 2018. The Notes will mature on April 1, 2028 and initially bore interest at a fixed rate of 5.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including April 1, 2023 to, but excluding, the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the interest rate resets quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the “then-current three month LIBOR rate” plus 215 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears, and the Company transitioned from the “then-current three month LIBOR rate” to the “three month SOFR, plus a comparable spread adjustment of 26.16 basis points,” beginning with interest accrued on the Notes from and after October 1, 2023. The Notes will be subordinated in right of payment to the payment of the Company’s other existing and future senior indebtedness, including all of its general creditors. The Notes are obligations of the Company only and are not obligations of, and are not guaranteed by, any of its subsidiaries. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes to repay certain outstanding indebtedness. The Notes qualify for Tier 2 capital treatment. The Company assumed subordinated debt in an aggregate principal amount, net of premium adjustments, of $37.4 million in connection with the Spirit acquisition in April 2022 (the “Spirit Notes”). The Spirit Notes will mature on July 31, 2030, and initially bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 6.00%, payable quarterly, in arrears, to, but excluding, July 31, 2025. From and including July 31, 2025, to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the then-current three-month SOFR rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (provided, that in the event the benchmark rate is less than zero, the benchmark rate will be deemed to be zero) plus 592 basis points, payable quarterly, in arrears. The Company had total FHLB advances of $953.2 million and $838.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are primarily fixed rate, fixed term advances, which are due less than one year from origination and therefore are classified as short-term advances by the Company. At December 31, 2023, the FHLB advances outstanding were secured by mortgage loans and investment securities totaling approximately $6.94 billion and the Company had approximately $5.40 billion of additional advances available from the FHLB. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed the five issuances of trust preferred securities which had an outstanding aggregate principal amount of $56.2 million. The Company recorded a loss of $365,000 related to the early retirement of debt, which represented the unamortized purchase discounts associated with the previously acquired trust preferred securities. Each of the trusts was a statutory business trust organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust securities and investing the proceeds thereof in junior subordinated debentures of the Company, the sole asset of each trust. The preferred securities of each trust represented preferred beneficial interests in the assets of the respective trusts and were subject to mandatory redemption upon payment of the junior subordinated debentures held by the trust. The common securities of each trust were wholly-owned by the Company. The trust preferred securities were tax-advantaged issues that qualified for inclusion as Tier 2 capital. The Company’s long-term debt primarily includes subordinated debt and other notes payable. Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2023, are as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 1,822 2025 1,822 2026 1,824 2027 1,920 2028 332,210 Thereafter 48,909 Total $ 388,507

Capital Stock

Capital Stock	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Capital Stock	CAPITAL STOCK On February 27, 2009, at a special meeting, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to establish 40,040,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value. On April 27, 2022, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to remove an $80.0 million cap on the aggregate liquidation preference associated with the preferred stock and increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s Class A common stock from 175,000,000 to 350,000,000. On October 29, 2019, the Company filed Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“October Amended Articles”) with the Arkansas Secretary of State. The October Amended Articles classified and designated Series D Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share (“Series D Preferred Stock”), out of the Company’s authorized preferred stock. On November 30, 2021, the Company redeemed all of the Series D Preferred Stock, including accrued and unpaid dividends. On April 27, 2022, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to remove the classification and designation for the Series D Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding. On March 31, 2021, the Company filed a shelf registration with the SEC. The shelf registration statement provides increased flexibility and more efficient access to raise capital from time to time through the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depository shares, warrants, purchase contracts, purchase units, subscription rights, units or a combination thereof, subject to market conditions. Specific terms and prices are determined at the time of any offering under a separate prospectus supplement that the Company is required to file with the SEC at the time of the specific offering. Effective July 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s stock repurchase program originally established in October 2019 (“2019 Program”) that increased the amount of the Company’s Class A common stock that may be repurchased under the 2019 Program from a maximum of $180.0 million to a maximum of $276.5 million and extended the term of the 2019 Program from October 31, 2021, to October 31, 2022. During January 2022, the Company substantially exhausted the repurchase capacity under the 2019 Program. As a result, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program in January 2022 (“2022 Program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to $175.0 million of its Class A common stock currently issued and outstanding. Because the 2022 Program was set to terminate on January 31, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program in January 2024 (“2024 Program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to $175.0 million of its Class A common stock currently issued and outstanding. During 2023, the Company repurchased 2,257,049 shares at an average price of $17.72 per share under the 2022 Program. Market conditions and the Company’s capital needs will drive decisions regarding additional, future stock repurchases. During 2022, the Company repurchased 513,725 shares at an average price of $31.25 per share under the 2019 Program and 3,919,037 shares at an average price of $24.26 per share under the 2022 Program, respectively. The 2022 Program repurchases were all completed during the second and third quarters of 2022. Under the 2024 Program, which replaced the 2022 Program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock through open market and privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing, pricing, and amount of any repurchases under the 2024 Program will be determined by the Company’s management at its discretion based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, trading volume and market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate considerations, the Company’s working capital and investment requirements, general market and economic conditions, and legal requirements. The 2024 Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any common stock and may be modified, discontinued, or suspended at any time without prior notice. The Company anticipates funding for this 2024 Program to come from available sources of liquidity, including cash on hand and future cash flow.

Transactions With Related Parti

Transactions With Related Parties	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Transactions With Related Parties	TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES At December 31, 2023 and 2022, Simmons Bank had extensions of credit to executive officers and directors and to companies in which Simmons Bank’s executive officers or directors were principal owners in the amount of $3.2 million at December 31, 2023 and $3.7 million at December 31, 2022. (In thousands) 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of year $ 3,672 $ 6,216 New extensions of credit 100 180 Repayments (565) (2,724) Balance, end of year $ 3,207 $ 3,672 In management’s opinion, such loans and other extensions of credit, deposits and vendor contracts (which were not material) were made in the ordinary course of business and were made on substantially the same terms (including interest rates and collateral) as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons or through a competitive bid process. Further, in management’s opinion, these extensions of credit did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plans	EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS Retirement Plans The Company offers a qualified 401(k) Plan in which the Company makes matching contributions to encourage employees to save money for their retirement. The 401(k) Plan covers substantially all employees. Under the terms of the 401(k) Plan, employees may defer a portion of their eligible pay, up to the maximum allowed by I.R.S. regulation, and the Company matches 100% of the first 3% of compensation and 50% of the next 2% of compensation for a total match of 4% of eligible pay for each participant who defers 5% or more of his or her eligible pay. Additionally, the Company may make profit-sharing contributions to the 401(k) Plan which are allocated among participants based upon 401(k) Plan compensation without regard to participant contributions. Contribution expense to the plan totaled $11.9 million, $13.0 million and $13.9 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company also provides deferred compensation agreements with certain active and retired officers. The agreements provide monthly payments of retirement compensation for either stated periods or for the life of the participant. There was a $316,000 benefit to income related to the plans for 2023. This benefit was primarily due to a reduction in the present value of the liability resulting from a significant increase in the discount factor used, as compared to previous years. The Company also reversed the accrued unvested liability during 2023 related to a former participant. The charges to income for the plans were $2.2 million for 2022 and $2.7 million for 2021. Such charges reflect the straight-line accrual over the employment period of the present value of benefits due each participant, as of their full eligibility date, using an appropriate discount factor. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company established an Employee Stock Purchase Plan in 2015 which generally allows participants to make contributions of up to $25,000 per year, for the purpose of acquiring the Company’s common stock. At the end of each plan year, full shares of the Company’s stock are purchased for each employee based on that employee’s contributions. The Company has issued both general and special stock offerings under the plan. Substantially all employees are eligible for the general stock offering, under which full shares of the Company’s stock are purchased for an amount equal to 95% of their fair market value at the end of the plan year, or, if lower, 95% of their fair market value at the beginning of the plan year. The special stock offering is available to substantially all non-highly compensated employees with at least six months of service, and these employees may allocate up to $10,000 to this offering. Under the special stock offering, full shares of the Company’s stock are purchased for an amount equal to 85% of their fair market value at the end of the plan year, or, if lower, 85% of their fair market value at the beginning of the plan year. Stock-Based Compensation Plans The Company’s Board of Directors has adopted various stock-based compensation plans. The plans provide for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units. Pursuant to the plans, shares are reserved for future issuance by the Company upon exercise of stock options or awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, or performance stock units granted to directors, officers and other key employees. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards is based on the grant date fair value. For all awards except stock option awards, the grant date fair value is the market value per share as of the grant date. For stock option awards, the fair value is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Additionally, there may be other factors that would otherwise have a significant effect on the value of employee stock options granted but are not considered by the model. Accordingly, while management believes that the Black-Scholes option-pricing model provides a reasonable estimate of fair value, the model does not necessarily provide the best single measure of fair value for the Company’s employee stock options. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses various assumptions. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock and other factors. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option valuation model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant, and are based partially on historical experience. The table below summarizes the transactions under the Company’s active stock compensation plans at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the years then ended: Stock Options Non-vested Stock Awards Outstanding Non-vested Stock Units Outstanding (1) (Shares in thousands) Number of Shares Weighted Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Balance, December 31, 2020 658 $ 22.48 5 $ 22.35 1,032 $ 24.53 Granted — — — — 674 28.94 Stock options exercised (185) 22.42 — — — — Stock awards/units vested (earned) — — (3) 22.48 (434) 25.61 Forfeited/expired — — — — (87) 25.86 Balance, December 31, 2021 473 22.50 2 22.20 1,185 26.51 Granted — — — — 719 26.42 Stock options exercised (3) 13.30 — — — — Stock awards/units vested (earned) — — (2) 22.20 (609) 26.30 Forfeited/expired — — — — (98) 25.68 Balance, December 31, 2022 470 22.56 — — 1,197 26.63 Granted — — — — 798 21.15 Stock options exercised (1) 10.65 — — — — Stock awards/units vested (earned) — — — — (490) 24.73 Forfeited/expired (22) 22.87 — — (232) 24.81 Balance, December 31, 2023 447 $ 22.56 — $ — 1,273 $ 24.23 Exercisable, December 31, 2023 447 $ 22.56 _________________________ (1) All stock units (including performance stock units). The following table summarizes information about stock options under the plans outstanding at December 31, 2023: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Weighted Weighted Number Weighted $ 20.29 — $ 20.29 47 0.90 $20.29 47 $20.29 22.20 — 22.20 51 1.24 22.20 51 22.20 22.75 — 22.75 274 1.46 22.75 274 22.75 23.51 — 23.51 68 1.89 23.51 68 23.51 24.07 — 24.07 7 1.71 24.07 7 24.07 $ 20.29 — $ 24.07 447 1.45 $22.56 447 $22.56 The table below summarizes the Company’s performance stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: (In thousands) Performance Stock Units Non-vested, December 31, 2020 222 Granted 171 Vested (earned) (57) Forfeited (5) Non-vested, December 31, 2021 331 Granted 184 Vested (earned) (149) Forfeited (14) Non-vested, December 31, 2022 352 Granted 302 Vested (earned) (72) Forfeited (90) Non-vested, December 31, 2023 492 Stock-based compensation expense was $12.2 million in 2023, $15.3 million in 2022 and $15.9 million in 2021. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for all stock-based awards. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options at December 31, 2023. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards and stock units was $14.5 million at December 31, 2023. At such date, the weighted-average period over which this unrecognized expense is expected to be recognized was 1.4 years. There was no intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable at December 31, 2023. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $19.84 at December 31, 2023, and the exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding. There were 900 stock options exercised in 2023 with an intrinsic value of $8,000. There were 2,750 stock options exercised in 2022 with no intrinsic value. There were 184,888 stock options exercised in 2021 with an intrinsic value of $1.3 million. The fair value of the Company’s employee stock options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. There were no stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Additional Cash Flow Informatio

Additional Cash Flow Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Additional Cash Flow Information	ADDITIONAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION The following is a summary of the Company’s additional cash flow information during the years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Interest paid $ 540,816 $ 134,980 $ 82,914 Income taxes paid 20,948 25,084 55,202 Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets held for sale 3,075 1,219 4,322 Transfer of premises held for sale to other real estate owned — — 4,368 Transfer of premises held for sale to premises — — 5,610 Transfers of assets held for sale to other assets — 100 — Transfers of available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities — 1,992,542 500,809

Other Income and Other Operatin

Other Income and Other Operating Expenses	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other Income and Other Operating Expenses	OTHER INCOME AND OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES Other income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $35.4 million and $27.4 million, respectively. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2023 included a $4.0 million legal reserve recapture associated with previously disclosed legal matters. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $35.3 million and included the gain on sale related to the Illinois Branch Sale of $5.3 million. Other operating expenses consisted of the following during the years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Professional services $ 19,612 $ 19,138 $ 18,921 Postage 9,458 8,955 8,276 Telephone 6,965 6,394 6,234 Credit card expense 13,243 12,243 11,112 Marketing 24,008 28,870 22,234 Software and technology 42,530 40,906 40,608 Operating supplies 2,591 2,556 2,766 Amortization of intangibles 16,306 15,915 13,494 Branch right sizing expense 5,467 3,475 (537) Other expense 36,984 41,241 30,454 Total other operating expenses $ 177,164 $ 179,693 $ 153,562

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC Topic 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: • Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 Inputs – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. • Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Furthermore, the reported fair value amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. A more detailed description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. Following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. Available-for-sale securities – Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and certain other financial products. Other securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things. In order to ensure the fair values are consistent with ASC Topic 820, the Company periodically checks the fair values by comparing them to another pricing source, such as Bloomberg. The availability of pricing confirms Level 2 classification in the fair value hierarchy. The third-party pricing service is subject to an annual review of internal controls. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. The Company’s investment in U.S. Treasury securities, if any, is reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs. The remainder of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. Mortgage loans held for sale – Mortgage loans held for sale are reported at fair value on an aggregate basis. Adjustments to fair value are recognized monthly and reflected in earnings. In determining the fair value of loans held for sale, the Company may consider outstanding investor commitments, discounted cash flow analyses with market assumptions or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Such loans are classified within either Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Where assumptions are made using significant unobservable inputs, such loans held for sale are classified as Level 3. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held for sale exceeded their cost. Derivative instruments – The Company’s derivative instruments are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains fair value measurements from dealer quotes. The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Fair Value Measurements (In thousands) Fair Value Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant December 31, 2023 Available-for-sale securities U.S. Treasury $ 2,254 $ 2,254 $ — $ — U.S. Government agencies 72,502 — 72,502 — Mortgage-backed securities 1,940,307 — 1,940,307 — State and political subdivisions 902,793 — 902,793 — Other securities 234,297 — 234,297 — Mortgage loans held for sale 9,373 — — 9,373 Derivative asset 130,271 — 130,271 — Derivative liability (27,584) — (27,584) — December 31, 2022 Available-for-sale securities U.S. Treasury $ 2,197 $ 2,197 $ — $ — U.S. Government agencies 184,279 — 184,279 — Mortgage-backed securities 2,542,902 — 2,542,902 — State and political subdivisions 871,074 — 871,074 — Other securities 252,402 — 252,402 — Mortgage loans held for sale 3,486 — — 3,486 Derivative asset 139,323 — 139,323 — Derivative liability (34,440) — (34,440) — Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include the following: Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent) – When the Company has a specific expectation to initiate, or has initiated, foreclosure proceedings, and when the repayment of a loan is expected to be substantially dependent on the liquidation of underlying collateral, the relationship is deemed collateral-dependent. Fair value of the loan is determined by establishing an allowance for credit loss for any exposure based on the valuation of the underlying collateral. The valuation of the collateral is determined by either an independent third-party appraisal or other collateral analysis. Discounts can be made by the Company based upon the overall evaluation of the independent appraisal. Collateral-dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the unobservable inputs used in determining their fair value such as collateral values and the borrower’s underlying financial condition. Collateral values supporting the individually assessed loans are evaluated quarterly for updates to appraised values or adjustments due to non-current valuations. Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned – Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned are reported at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At foreclosure, if the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the real estate acquired is less than the Company’s recorded investment in the related loan, a write-down is recognized through a charge to the allowance for credit losses. Additionally, valuations are periodically performed by management and any subsequent reduction in value is recognized by a charge to income. The fair value of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned is estimated using Level 3 inputs based on unobservable market data. The significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets primarily relate to the specialized discounting criteria applied to the borrower’s reported amount of collateral. The amount of the collateral discount depends upon the condition and marketability of the collateral, as well as other factors which may affect the collectability of the loan. Management’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset. It is reasonably possible that a change in the estimated fair value for instruments measured using Level 3 inputs could occur in the future. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to liquidate the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, collateral that is less marketable would receive a larger discount. The following table sets forth the Company’s assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Fair Value Measurements Using (In thousands) Fair Value Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant December 31, 2023 Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent) $ 144,604 $ — $ — $ 144,604 Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1) 3,646 — — 3,646 December 31, 2022 Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent) $ 70,926 $ — $ — $ 70,926 Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1) 2,418 — — 2,418 ______________________ (1) These amounts represent the resulting carrying amounts on the consolidated balance sheets for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets and other real estate owned for which fair value re-measurements took place during the period. (2) Identified reserves of $18.7 million and $5.2 million were related to collateral-dependent loans for which fair value re-measurements took place during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments , requires disclosure in annual and interim financial statements of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments not previously disclosed. Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value (Level 1). Interest bearing balances due from banks – The fair value of interest bearing balances due from banks – time is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered on deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 2). Held-to-maturity securities – Fair values for held-to-maturity securities equal quoted market prices, if available, such as for highly liquid government bonds (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated based on quoted market prices of similar securities. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things (Level 2). In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Loans – The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows, using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Additional factors considered include the type of loan and related collateral, variable or fixed rate, classification status, remaining term, interest rate, historical delinquencies, loan to value ratios, current market rates and remaining loan balance. The loans were grouped together according to similar characteristics and were treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. The discount rates used for loans were based on current market rates for new originations of similar loans. Estimated credit losses were also factored into the projected cash flows of the loans. The fair value of loans is estimated on an exit price basis incorporating the above factors (Level 3). Deposits – The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) (Level 2). The fair value of fixed-maturity time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 3). Federal Funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase and short-term debt – The carrying amount for federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase and short-term debt are a reasonable estimate of fair value (Level 2). Other borrowings – For short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. For long-term debt, rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value (Level 2). Subordinated debentures – The fair value of subordinated debentures is estimated using the rates that would be charged for subordinated debentures of similar remaining maturities (Level 2). Accrued interest receivable/payable – The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximated fair value (Level 2). Commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and lines of credit – The fair value of commitments is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair values of letters of credit and lines of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date. The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows: Carrying Fair Value Measurements (In thousands) Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total December 31, 2023 Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 614,092 $ 614,092 $ — $ — $ 614,092 Interest bearing balances due from banks - time 100 — 100 — 100 Held-to-maturity securities, net 3,726,288 — 3,135,370 — 3,135,370 Interest receivable 122,430 — 122,430 — 122,430 Loans, net 16,620,439 — — 15,734,766 15,734,766 Financial liabilities: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts 4,800,880 — 4,800,880 — 4,800,880 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 10,997,425 — 10,997,425 — 10,997,425 Time deposits 6,446,673 — — 6,414,222 6,414,222 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 67,969 — 67,969 — 67,969 Other borrowings 972,366 — 970,846 — 970,846 Subordinated notes and debentures 366,141 — 349,424 — 349,424 Interest payable 35,618 — 35,618 — 35,618 December 31, 2022 Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 682,122 $ 682,122 $ — $ — $ 682,122 Interest bearing balances due from banks - time 795 — 795 — 795 Held-to-maturity securities, net 3,759,706 — 3,063,233 — 3,063,233 Interest receivable 102,892 — 102,892 — 102,892 Loans, net 15,945,169 — — 15,573,555 15,573,555 Financial liabilities: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts 6,016,651 — 6,016,651 — 6,016,651 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 11,762,885 — 11,762,885 — 11,762,885 Time deposits 4,768,558 — — 4,696,473 4,696,473 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 160,403 — 160,403 — 160,403 Other borrowings 859,296 — 857,257 — 857,257 Subordinated notes and debentures 365,989 — 363,578 — 363,578 Interest payable 16,399 — 16,399 — 16,399 The fair value of commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and lines of credit is not presented since management believes the fair value to be insignificant.

Commitments and Credit Risk

Commitments and Credit Risk	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Credit Risk	COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK The Company grants agribusiness, commercial and residential loans to customers primarily throughout Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas, along with credit card loans to customers throughout the United States. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate. At December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding commitments to extend credit aggregating approximately $738.2 million and $4.17 billion for credit card commitments and other loan commitments, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding commitments to extend credit aggregating approximately $696.7 million and $5.64 billion for credit card commitments and other loan commitments, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had outstanding commitments to originate fixed-rate mortgage loans of approximately $16.6 million and $21.1 million respectively. The commitments extend over varying periods of time with the majority being disbursed within a thirty-day period. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing and similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The Company had total outstanding letters of credit amounting to $54.2 million and $44.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with terms ranging from 9 months to 15 years. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no deferred revenue under standby letter of credit agreements. The Company has purchased letters of credit from the FHLB as security for certain public deposits. The amount of the letters of credit was $ 580.8 million 265.7 million one year At December 31, 2023, the Company did not have concentrations of 5% or more of the investment portfolio in bonds issued by a single municipality.

New Accounting Standards

New Accounting Standards	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]
New Accounting Standards	NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Investment-Income Taxes - In March 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (“ASU 2023-02”), that introduced the option to apply the proportional amortization method to account for investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits when certain requirements are met. The proportional amortization method results in the cost of the investment being amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received, with the amortization of the investment and the income tax credits being presented net in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). ASU 2023-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 31, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2023-02 and apply the proportional amortization method for all income tax credits during the first quarter of 2023 by utilizing the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASU 2023-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Credit Losses on Financial Instruments - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for creditors in ASC 310-40 and amends the guidance on “vintage disclosures” to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The ASU also updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 was effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 effective January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. As a result, comparative disclosures to prior periods will not be available until such time as both periods disclosed are subject to the new guidance. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. See Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, for additional information. Fair Value Hedging - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method (“ASU 2022-01”), which clarifies the guidance on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. This ASU amends the guidance in ASU 2017-12 that, among other things, established the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible. ASU 2022-01 renames that method the “portfolio layer” method and expands the scope of this guidance to allow entities to apply the portfolio layer method to portfolios of all financial assets, including both prepayable and nonprepayable financial assets. This scope expansion is consistent with the FASB’s efforts to simplify hedge accounting and allows entities to apply the same method to similar hedging strategies. ASU 2022-01 was effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of 2022-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides relief for companies preparing for discontinuation of interest rates such as LIBOR. LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate referenced in a variety of agreements that are used by numerous entities. On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that the majority of LIBOR rates will no longer be published after December 31, 2021. Effective January 1, 2022, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of the LIBOR, ceased the publication of one-week and two-month USD LIBOR and as of June 30, 2023, ceased the publications of the remaining tenors of USD LIBOR (one, three, six and 12-month). Other interest rates used globally could also be discontinued for similar reasons. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The main provisions for contract modifications include optional relief by allowing the modification as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis and other optional expedients regarding embedded features. Optional expedients for hedge accounting permits changes to critical terms of hedging relationships and to the designated benchmark interest rate in a fair value hedge and also provides relief for assessing hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges. Companies are able to apply ASU 2020-04 immediately; however, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). The Company formed a LIBOR Transition Team in 2020, has created standard LIBOR replacement language for new and modified loan notes, and is monitoring the remaining loans with LIBOR rates monthly to ensure progress in updating these loans with acceptable LIBOR replacement language or converting them to other interest rates. During 2021, the Company did not offer LIBOR-indexed rates on loans which it originated, although it did participate in some shared credit agreements originated by other banks subject to the Company’s determination that the LIBOR replacement language in the loan documents met the Company’s standards. Pursuant to the Joint Regulatory Statement on LIBOR transition issued in October 2021, the Company’s policy, as of January 1, 2022, is not to enter into any new LIBOR-based credit agreements and not extend, renew, or modify prior LIBOR credit agreements without requiring conversion of the agreements to other interest rates. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment for derivative instruments that are being implemented as part of the market-wide transition to new reference rates (commonly referred to as the “discounting transition”). ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU 2022-06”). ASU 2022-06 defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. Leases - In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors-Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”), that amends lease classification requirements for lessors. In accordance with ASU 2021-05, lessors should classify and account for a lease that have variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: i) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease under the previous lease classification criteria and ii) sales-type or direct financing lease classification would result in a Day 1 loss. ASU 2021-05 was effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2021-05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Income Taxes – In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), that removes certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adds guidance to reduce complexity in accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 introduces the following new guidance: i) guidance to evaluate whether a step-up in tax basis of goodwill relates to a business combination in which book goodwill was recognized or a separate transaction and ii) a policy election to not allocate consolidated income taxes when a member of a consolidated tax return is not subject to income tax. Additionally, ASU 2019-12 changes the following current guidance: i) making an intraperiod allocation, if there is a loss in continuing operations and gains outside of continuing operations, ii) determining when a deferred tax liability is recognized after an investor in a foreign entity transitions to or from the equity method of accounting, iii) accounting for tax law changes and year-to-date losses in interim periods, and iv) determining how to apply the income tax guidance to franchise taxes that are partially based on income. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s operations, financial position or disclosures. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Income Taxes - In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), primarily focused on income tax disclosures regarding effective tax rates and cash income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities, on an annual basis, to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the applicable statutory income tax rate). ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company will complete an evaluation of the impact this standard will have on its results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Segment Reporting - In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update introduce a new requirement to disclose significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extend certain annual disclosures to interim periods, clarify that single reportable segment entities must apply Topic 280 in its entirety, permit more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions and require disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations, financial position or disclosures. Presently, the Company is not aware of any other changes to the Accounting Standards Codification that will have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial position or results of operations.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Instruments	DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS The Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage exposure to various types of interest rate risk for itself and its customers within policy guidelines. Transactions should only be entered into with an associated underlying exposure. All derivative instruments are carried at fair value. Derivative contracts involve the risk of dealing with institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Institutional counterparties must have an investment grade credit rating and be approved by the Company’s asset/liability management committee. In arranging these products for its customers, the Company assumes additional credit risk from the customer and from the dealer counterparty with whom the transaction is undertaken. Credit risk exists due to the default credit risk created in the exchange of the payments over a period of time. Credit exposure on interest rate swaps is limited to the net favorable value and interest payments of all swaps with each counterparty. Access to collateral in the event of default is reasonably assured. Therefore, credit exposure may be reduced by the amount of collateral pledged by the counterparty. Hedge Structures The Company will seek to enter derivative structures that most effectively address the risk exposure and structural terms of the underlying position being hedged. The term and notional principal amount of a hedge transaction will not exceed the term or principal amount of the underlying exposure. In addition, the Company will use hedge indices which are the same as, or highly correlated to, the index or rate on the underlying exposure. Derivative credit exposure is monitored on an ongoing basis for each customer transaction and aggregate exposure to each counterparty is tracked. The Company has set a maximum outstanding notional contract amount at 10% of the Company’s assets. Fair Value Hedges For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. The gain or loss on the derivative instrument is presented on the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company began utilizing interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on the fair values of fixed rate callable AFS securities. The hedging strategy converts the fixed interest rates to variable interest rates based on federal funds rates. The two year forward start date for these swaps occurred during late third quarter of 2023 and involves the payment of fixed interest rates with a weighted average of 1.21% in exchange for variable interest rates based on federal funds rates. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the net amount included in interest income on investment securities in the consolidated statements of income related to fair value hedges was $11.9 million. The following table summarizes the fair value hedges recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (In thousands) Balance Sheet Location Weighted Average Pay Rate Receive Rate Notional Fair Value Notional Fair Value Derivative assets Other assets 1.21% Federal Funds $ 1,001,715 $ 102,644 $ 1,001,715 $ 104,833 The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to carrying amounts and cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges. Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets Line Item on the Balance Sheet (In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Investment securities - Available-for-sale $ 940,010 $ 944,115 $ 104,408 $ 106,321 Customer Risk Management Interest Rate Swaps The Company’s qualified loan customers have the opportunity to participate in its interest rate swap program for the purpose of managing interest rate risk on their variable rate loans with the Company. The Company enters into such agreements with customers, then offsetting agreements are executed between the Company and an approved dealer counterparty to minimize market risk from changes in interest rates. The counterparty contracts are identical to customer contracts in terms of notional amounts, interest rates, and maturity dates, except for a fixed pricing spread or fee paid to the Company by the dealer counterparty. These interest rate swaps carry varying degrees of credit, interest rate and market or liquidity risks. The fair value of these derivative instruments is recognized as either derivative assets or liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company has a limited number of swaps that are standalone without a similar agreement with the loan customer. The following table summarizes the fair values of loan derivative contracts recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. 2023 2022 (In thousands) Notional Fair Value Notional Fair Value Derivative assets $ 551,314 $ 27,627 $ 413,968 $ 34,490 Derivative liabilities 552,274 27,584 414,955 34,440 Risk Participation Agreements The Company has a limited number of Risk Participation Agreement swaps, that are associated with loan participations, where the Company is not the counterparty to the interest rate swaps that are associated with the risk participation sold. The interest rate swap mark to market only impacts the Company if the swap is in a liability position to the counterparty and the customer defaults on payments to the counterparty. The notional amount of these contingent agreements is $19.7 million as of December 31, 2023. Energy Hedging The Company, from time-to-time, has provided energy derivative services to qualifying, high quality oil and gas borrowers for hedging purposes. The Company has served as an intermediary on energy derivative products between the Company’s borrowers and dealers. The Company will only enter into back-to-back trades, thus maintaining a balanced book between the dealer and the borrower. The energy hedging risk exposure to the Company’s customer would increase as energy prices for crude oil and natural gas rise. As prices decrease, exposure to the exchange would increase. These risks are mitigated by customer credit underwriting policies and establishing a predetermined hedge line for each borrower and by monitoring the exchange margin. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company’s remaining energy hedge swap contracts expired and there were no outstanding notional values related to these contracts as of December 31, 2023. The outstanding notional value as of December 31, 2022 for energy hedging Customer Sell to Company swaps were $2.6 million and the corresponding Company Sell to Dealer swaps were $2.6 million and the corresponding net fair value of the derivative asset and derivative liability was $49,000. Currently, the Company generally does not intend to offer hedging services to any remaining energy related customers.

Contingent Liabilities

Contingent Liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingent Liabilities	CONTINGENT LIABILITIES In the ordinary course of its operations, the Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of its business, including proceedings based on breach of contract claims, lender liability claims, and other ordinary-course claims, some of which seek substantial relief or damages. The Company establishes reserves for legal proceedings when potential losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. While the ultimate resolution (including amounts thereof) of any legal proceedings cannot be determined at this time, based on information presently available and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes that the ultimate outcome in such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. It is possible, however, that future developments could result in an unfavorable outcome for or resolution of any of these proceedings, which may be material to the Company’s results of operations for a given fiscal period.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Simmons Bank, the Company’s subsidiary bank, is subject to legal limitations on dividends that can be paid to the parent company without prior approval of the applicable regulatory agencies. The approval of the Commissioner of the Arkansas State Bank Department is required if the total of all dividends declared by an Arkansas state bank in any calendar year exceeds seventy-five percent (75%) of the total of its net profits, as defined, for that year combined with seventy-five percent (75%) of its retained net profits of the preceding year. At December 31, 2023, Simmons Bank had approximately $54.4 million available for payment of dividends to the Company, without prior regulatory approval. Past dividends are not necessarily indicative of amounts that may be paid, or available to be paid, in future periods. The Company’s bank subsidiary is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and its bank subsidiary must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. The risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve Board and the Arkansas State Bank Department include the definitions for (1) a well-capitalized institution, (2) an adequately-capitalized institution, and (3) an undercapitalized institution. Under the Basel III Rules effective January 1, 2015, the criteria for a well-capitalized institution are: a 5% “Tier l leverage capital” ratio, an 8% “Tier 1 risk-based capital” ratio, 10% “total risk-based capital” ratio; and a 6.5% “common equity Tier 1 (CET1)” ratio. CET1 generally consists of common stock; retained earnings; accumulated other comprehensive income and certain minority interests; all subject to applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. The Company and Simmons Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% composed of CET1 capital above its minimum risk-based capital requirements. Failure to meet this capital conservation buffer would result in additional limits on dividends, other distributions and discretionary bonuses. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, Tier 1 and common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). As of December 31, 2023, the Company and its subsidiary bank met all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules and exceeded the fully phased in capital conservation buffer. As of the most recent notification from regulatory agencies, Simmons Bank was well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed these categories. The Company’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table. Actual Minimum To Be Well (In thousands) Amount Ratio (%) Amount Ratio (%) Amount Ratio (%) December 31, 2023 Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation $ 2,964,917 14.4 $ 1,647,176 8.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,834,126 13.8 1,642,972 8.0 2,053,714 10.0 Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,493,799 12.1 1,236,595 6.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,663,153 13.0 1,229,148 6.0 1,638,863 8.0 Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,493,799 12.1 927,446 4.5 N/A Simmons Bank 2,663,153 13.0 921,861 4.5 1,331,577 6.5 Tier 1 Leverage Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,493,799 9.4 1,061,191 4.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,663,153 10.0 1,065,261 4.0 1,331,577 5.0 December 31, 2022 Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation $ 2,948,490 14.2 $ 1,661,121 8.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,743,625 13.3 1,650,301 8.0 2,062,876 10.0 Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,466,874 11.9 1,243,802 6.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,628,002 12.7 1,241,576 6.0 1,655,434 8.0 Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,466,874 11.9 932,852 4.5 N/A Simmons Bank 2,628,002 12.7 931,182 4.5 1,345,040 6.5 Tier 1 Leverage Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,466,874 9.3 1,061,021 4.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,628,002 10.0 1,051,201 4.0 1,314,001 5.0

Condensed Financial Information

Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only)	CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) Condensed Balance Sheets December 31, 2023 and 2022 (In thousands) 2023 2022 ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 164,439 $ 116,915 Investments in wholly-owned subsidiaries 3,603,066 3,453,961 Loans 102 1,412 Intangible assets, net 133 133 Premises and equipment 20,498 22,083 Other assets 50,642 86,622 TOTAL ASSETS $ 3,838,880 $ 3,681,126 LIABILITIES Long-term debt $ 385,285 $ 386,798 Other liabilities 27,107 24,966 Total liabilities 412,392 411,764 STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common stock 1,252 1,270 Surplus 2,499,930 2,530,066 Undivided profits 1,329,681 1,255,586 Accumulated other comprehensive loss: Unrealized depreciation on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes of $(143,076) and $(183,124) at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (404,375) (517,560) Total stockholders’ equity 3,426,488 3,269,362 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 3,838,880 $ 3,681,126 Condensed Statements of Income Years Ended December 31, 2023 , 2022 and 2021 (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 INCOME Dividends from subsidiaries $ 166,874 $ 219,868 $ 227,310 Other income 303 508 1,080 Income 167,177 220,376 228,390 EXPENSE 44,685 46,133 44,847 Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 122,492 174,243 183,543 Provision for income taxes (10,790) (9,391) (11,314) Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 133,282 183,634 194,857 Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of subsidiaries 41,775 72,778 76,299 NET INCOME 175,057 256,412 271,156 Preferred stock dividends — — 47 NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,109 Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income Years Ended December 31, 2023 , 2022 and 2021 (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 NET INCOME $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,156 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Equity in other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries 113,185 (507,015) (70,271) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) $ 288,242 $ (250,603) $ 200,885 Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31, 2023 , 2022 and 2021 (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,156 Items not requiring (providing) cash Stock-based compensation expense 12,189 15,317 15,868 Depreciation and amortization 1,637 1,981 1,805 Deferred income taxes (1,742) (652) 3,347 Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of bank subsidiaries (41,775) (72,778) (76,299) Changes in: Other assets 37,720 (26,775) (2,099) Other liabilities 2,293 (28,745) 11,109 Net cash provided by operating activities 185,379 144,760 224,887 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Net collections (originations) of loans 1,310 1,198 (2,139) Net purchases of premises and equipment (52) (21) (83) Cash acquired (paid) in business combinations — 60,126 (6,818) Other, net 5,856 1,688 2 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 7,114 62,991 (9,038) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Repayment of long-term debt, net (1,664) (57,436) (1,563) (Cancellation) issuance of common stock, net (2,021) (3,882) 1,460 Stock repurchases (40,322) (111,133) (132,459) Dividends paid on preferred stock — — (47) Dividends paid on common stock (100,962) (94,096) (78,845) Preferred stock retirement — — (767) Net cash used in financing activities (144,969) (266,547) (212,221) INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 47,524 (58,796) 3,628 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR 116,915 175,711 172,083 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR $ 164,439 $ 116,915 $ 175,711

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,156

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation	Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation Simmons First National Corporation (“Company”) is a Mid-South financial holding company headquartered in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and the parent company of Simmons Bank, an Arkansas state-chartered bank that has been in operation since 1903 (“Simmons Bank” or the “Bank”). Simmons First Insurance Services, Inc. and Simmons First Insurance Services of TN, LLC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Simmons Bank and are insurance agencies that offer various lines of personal and corporate insurance coverage to individual and commercial customers. The Company, through its subsidiaries, offers, among other things, consumer, real estate and commercial loans; checking, savings and time deposits; and specialized products and services (such as credit cards, trust and fiduciary services, investments, agricultural finance lending, equipment lending, insurance and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) lending) from approximately 234 financial centers as of December 31, 2023, located throughout market areas in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Simmons Bank is an Arkansas state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System through the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Due to the Company’s typical acquisition process, there may be brief periods of time during which the Company may operate another subsidiary bank that the Company acquired through a merger with a target bank holding company as a separate subsidiary while preparing for the merger and integration of that subsidiary bank into Simmons Bank. However, it is the Company’s intent to generally maintain Simmons Bank as the Company’s sole subsidiary bank.
Operating Segments	Operating Segments Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company is organized with community and commercial banking groups. Each of these groups provide one or more similar banking services, including such products and services as loans; time deposits, checking and savings accounts; treasury management; and credit cards. Loan products include consumer, real estate, commercial, agricultural, equipment, warehouse lending and SBA lending. The individual banking groups have similar operating and economic characteristics. While the chief operating decision maker monitors the revenue streams of the various products, services, branch locations, divisions and groups, operations are managed, financial performance is evaluated, and management makes decisions on how to allocate resources, on a Company-wide basis. Accordingly, the respective groups are considered by management to be aggregated into one reportable operating segment. The Company also considers its trust, investment and insurance services to be operating segments. Information on these segments is not reported separately since they do not meet the quantitative thresholds under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280-10-50-12.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income items and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and actual results may differ from these estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of acquired loans, valuation of goodwill and subsequent impairment analysis, stock-based compensation plans and income taxes. Management obtains third party valuations to assist in valuing certain aspects of these material estimates, as appropriate, including independent appraisals for significant properties in connection with the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the fair value of acquired loans. Assumptions used in the goodwill impairment analysis involve internally projected forecasts, coupled with market and third-party data. These material estimates could change as a result of the uncertainty in current macroeconomic conditions and other factors that are beyond the Company’s control and could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Various items within the accompanying consolidated financial statements for previous years have been reclassified to provide more comparative information. These reclassifications were not material to the consolidated financial statements.
Cash Equivalents	Cash Equivalents
Investment Securities and Allowance for Credit Losses - Investment Securities	Investment Securities Held-to-maturity securities (“HTM”), which include any security for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date. Available-for-sale securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses, based on specifically identified amortized cost of the individual security, are included in other income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in stockholders’ equity. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date. Trading securities, if any, which include any security held primarily for near-term sale, are carried at fair value. Gains and losses on trading securities are included in other income. Allowance for Credit Losses - Investment Securities Allowance for Credit Losses - HTM Securities - The Company measures expected credit losses on HTM securities on a collective basis by major security type, with each type sharing similar risk characteristics. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company has made the election to exclude accrued interest receivable on HTM securities from the estimate of credit losses and report accrued interest separately on the consolidated balance sheets. Allowance for Credit Losses - AFS Securities - For AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first evaluates whether it intends to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of these criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the AFS security amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. If the criteria is not met, the Company is required to assess whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or noncredit-related factors. If the assessment indicates a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists, and an allowance for credit loss is recorded through income as a component of provision for credit loss expense. If the assessment indicates that a credit loss does not exist, the Company records the decline in fair value through other comprehensive income, net of related income tax effects. The Company has made the election to exclude accrued interest receivable on AFS securities from the estimate of credit losses and report accrued interest separately on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale	Mortgage Loans Held For Sale Mortgage Loans Held for Sale are carried at fair value which is determined on an aggregate basis. Adjustments to fair value are recognized monthly and reflected in earnings. The Company regularly sells mortgages into the capital markets to mitigate the effects of interest rate volatility during the period from the time an interest rate lock commitment (“IRLC”) is issued until the IRLC funds creating a mortgage loan held for sale and its subsequent sale into the secondary/capital markets. Loan sales are typically executed on a mandatory basis. Under a mandatory commitment, the Company agrees to deliver a specified dollar amount with predetermined terms by a certain date. Generally, the commitment is not loan specific, and any combination of loans can be delivered into the outstanding commitment provided the terms fall within the parameters of the commitment. Upon failure to deliver, the Company is subject to fees based on market movement. The IRLCs are derivative instruments; their fair values at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were not material. Gains and losses resulting from sales of mortgage loans are recognized when the respective loans are sold to correspondent lenders, investors or aggregators. Gains and losses are determined by the difference between the sale price and the carrying amount in the loans sold, net of discounts collected, or premiums paid. Hedge instruments are, likewise, carried at fair value and associated gains/losses are realized at time of settlement.
Loans	Loans Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-offs are reported at their amortized cost basis, which is the unpaid principal balance outstanding, net of unearned income, deferred loan fees and costs, premiums and discounts associated with acquisition date fair value adjustments on acquired loans, and any direct principal charge-offs. The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and report accrued interest separately from the related loan balance on the consolidated balance sheets. For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan. The accrual of interest on loans, except on certain government guaranteed loans, is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Discounts and premiums on purchased residential real estate loans are amortized to income using the interest method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Discounts and premiums on purchased consumer loans are recognized over the expected lives of the loans using methods that approximate the interest method. Further information regarding accounting policies related to past due loans, non-accrual loans, and modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is presented in Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Additionally, for discussion of the Company’s accounting for acquired loans, see Acquisition Accounting, Loans later in this section.
Allowance for Credit Losses	Allowance for Credit Losses The allowance for credit losses is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, quantitative factors, and other qualitative considerations. Loans with similar risk characteristics such as loan type, collateral type, and internal risk ratings are aggregated for collective assessment. The Company uses statistically-based models that leverage assumptions about current and future economic conditions throughout the contractual life of the loan. Expected credit losses are estimated by either lifetime loss rates or expected loss cash flows based on three key parameters: probability-of-default (“PD”), exposure-at-default (“EAD”), and loss-given-default (“LGD”). Future economic conditions are incorporated to the extent that they are reasonable and supportable. Beyond the reasonable and supportable periods, the economic variables revert to a historical equilibrium at a pace dependent on the state of the economy reflected within the economic scenarios. The Company also includes qualitative adjustments to the allowance based on factors and considerations that have not otherwise been fully accounted for. Loans that have unique risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. These evaluations are typically performed on loans with a deteriorated internal risk rating. For a collateral-dependent loan, our evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis adjusted for selling costs, when appropriate. This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is included in the allowance for credit losses as a specific allocation.
Reserve for Unfunded Commitments	Reserve for Unfunded Commitments In addition to the allowance for credit losses, the Company has established a reserve for unfunded commitments, classified in other liabilities, representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. This reserve is maintained at a level management believes to be sufficient to absorb losses arising from unfunded loan commitments. The adequacy of the reserve for unfunded commitments is determined quarterly based on methodology similar to the methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit loss is reported as a component of accrued interest and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Adjustments to the allowance are reported in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit losses.
Acquisition Accounting, Loans	Acquisition Accounting, Loans The Company accounts for its acquisitions under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations , which requires the use of the acquisition method of accounting. All identifiable assets acquired, including loans, are recorded at fair value. The fair value for acquired loans at the time of acquisition is based on a variety of factors including discounted expected cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments and credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the fair value adjustment is recorded as premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of each acquired loan. Loans that have been identified as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination is a purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loan. The net premium or discount on PCD loans is adjusted by the Company’s allowance for credit losses recorded at the time of acquisition. The remaining net premium or discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a constant yield method. The net premium or discount on loans that are not classified as PCD (“non-PCD”), that includes credit and non-credit components, is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a constant yield method. The Company then records the necessary allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans through provision for credit losses expense. For further discussion of the Company’s acquisition and loan accounting, see Note 2, Acquisitions, and Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses.
Trust Assets	Trust Assets Trust assets (other than cash deposits) held by the Company in fiduciary or agency capacities for its customers are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets since such items are not assets of the Company.
Premises and Equipment	Premises and Equipment Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized by the straight-line method over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Right-of-use lease assets are operating leases with a term greater than one year and are included in premises and equipment.
Foreclosed Assets Held For Sale	Foreclosed Assets Held For Sale Assets acquired by foreclosure or in settlement of debt and held for sale are valued at estimated fair value less estimated cost to sell as of the date of foreclosure. Management evaluates the value of foreclosed assets held for sale periodically and any decreases in the fair value are charged to other expense.
Bank Owned Life Insurance	Bank Owned Life Insurance The Company maintains bank-owned life insurance policies on certain current and former employees and directors, which are recorded at their cash surrender values as determined by the insurance carriers. The appreciation in the cash surrender value of the policies is recognized as a component of noninterest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that also lack physical substance but can be separately distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. The Company performs an annual goodwill impairment test, and more than annually if circumstances warrant, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, as amended by Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08 - Testing Goodwill for Impairment . ASC Topic 350 requires that goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives be reviewed for impairment annually, or more frequently if certain conditions occur. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the estimated life of the asset, and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicated that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment losses on recorded goodwill, if any, will be recorded as operating expenses.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments The Company may enter into derivative contracts for the purposes of managing exposure to interest rate risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. A derivative instrument is a financial tool which derives its value from the value of some other financial instrument, or variable index, including certain hedging instruments embedded in other contracts. These products are primarily designed to reduce interest rate risk for either the Company or its customers who proactively manage these risks. The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. In an effort to meet the financing needs of its customers and mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on the fair value of AFS securities, the Company has entered into fair value hedges. Fair value hedges include interest rate swap agreements on fixed rate loans and fixed rate callable AFS securities. To qualify for hedge accounting, derivatives must be highly effective at reducing the risk associated with the exposure being hedged and must be designated as a hedge at the point of inception of the derivative contract. For derivatives designated as hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of the hedged item, the gain or loss is recognized in earnings in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain of the hedging instrument. The fair value hedges are considered to be highly effective and any hedge ineffectiveness was deemed not material. Fair value adjustments related to cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income and are reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction is reflected in earnings.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase	Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase The Company sells securities under agreements to repurchase to meet customer needs for sweep accounts. At the point funds deposited by customers become investable, those funds are used to purchase securities owned by the Company and held in its general account with the designation of Customers’ Securities. A third party maintains control over the securities underlying overnight repurchase agreements. The securities involved in these transactions are generally U.S. Treasury or Federal Agency issues. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase generally mature on the banking day following that on which the investment was initially purchased and are treated as collateralized financing transactions which are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold plus accrued interest. Interest rates and maturity dates of the securities involved vary and are not intended to be matched with funds from customers.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers	Revenue from Contracts with Customers ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , applies to all contracts with customers to provide goods or services in the ordinary course of business. However, Topic 606 specifically does not apply to revenue related to financial instruments, guarantees, insurance contracts, leases, or nonmonetary exchanges. Given these scope exceptions, interest income recognition and measurement related to loans and investments securities, the Company’s two largest sources of revenue, are not accounted for under Topic 606. Also, the Company does not use Topic 606 to account for gains or losses on its investments in securities, loans, and derivatives due to the scope exceptions. Certain revenue streams, such as service charges on deposit accounts, gains or losses on the sale of Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”), and trust income, fall under the scope of Topic 606 and the Company must recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. Topic 606 is applied using five steps: 1) identify the contract with the customer, 2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company has evaluated the nature of all contracts with customers that fall under the scope of Topic 606 and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into categories was not necessary. There has not been significant revenue recognized in the current reporting periods resulting from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. In addition, there has not been a significant change in timing of revenues received from customers. A description of performance obligations for each type of contract with customers is as follows: Service charges on deposit accounts – The Company’s primary source of funding comes from deposit accounts with its customers. Customers pay certain fees to access their cash on deposit including, but not limited to, non-transactional fees such as account maintenance, dormancy or statement rendering fees, and certain transaction-based fees such as ATM, wire transfer, overdraft or returned check fees. The Company generally satisfies its performance obligations as services are rendered. The transaction prices are fixed, and are charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Sale of OREO – In the normal course of business, the Company will enter into contracts with customers to sell OREO, which has generally been foreclosed upon by the Company. The Company generally satisfies its performance obligation upon conveyance of property from the Company to the customer, generally by way of an executed agreement. The transaction price is fixed, and on occasion the Company will finance a portion of the proceeds the customers uses to purchase the property. These properties are generally sold without recourse or warranty. Wealth Management Fees – The Company enters into contracts with its customers to manage assets for investment, and/or transact on their accounts. The Company generally satisfies its performance obligations as services are rendered. The management fee is a fixed percentage-based fee calculated upon the average balance of assets under management and is charged to customers on a monthly basis.
Bankcard Fee Income	Bankcard Fee Income – Periodic bankcard fees, net of direct origination costs, are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the period the fee entitles the cardholder to use the card.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance in ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes . The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries.
Earnings Per Share	Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each year. Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted average common shares and all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company has adopted various stock-based compensation plans. The plans provide for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units. Pursuant to the plans, shares are reserved for future issuance by the Company, upon exercise of stock options or awarding of performance or bonus shares granted to directors, officers and other key employees. In accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation
New Accounting Standards	Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Investment-Income Taxes - In March 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (“ASU 2023-02”), that introduced the option to apply the proportional amortization method to account for investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits and other income tax benefits when certain requirements are met. The proportional amortization method results in the cost of the investment being amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received, with the amortization of the investment and the income tax credits being presented net in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). ASU 2023-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 31, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2023-02 and apply the proportional amortization method for all income tax credits during the first quarter of 2023 by utilizing the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASU 2023-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Credit Losses on Financial Instruments - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for creditors in ASC 310-40 and amends the guidance on “vintage disclosures” to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The ASU also updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 was effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 effective January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. As a result, comparative disclosures to prior periods will not be available until such time as both periods disclosed are subject to the new guidance. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position. See Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, for additional information. Fair Value Hedging - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method (“ASU 2022-01”), which clarifies the guidance on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. This ASU amends the guidance in ASU 2017-12 that, among other things, established the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible. ASU 2022-01 renames that method the “portfolio layer” method and expands the scope of this guidance to allow entities to apply the portfolio layer method to portfolios of all financial assets, including both prepayable and nonprepayable financial assets. This scope expansion is consistent with the FASB’s efforts to simplify hedge accounting and allows entities to apply the same method to similar hedging strategies. ASU 2022-01 was effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of 2022-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides relief for companies preparing for discontinuation of interest rates such as LIBOR. LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate referenced in a variety of agreements that are used by numerous entities. On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that the majority of LIBOR rates will no longer be published after December 31, 2021. Effective January 1, 2022, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of the LIBOR, ceased the publication of one-week and two-month USD LIBOR and as of June 30, 2023, ceased the publications of the remaining tenors of USD LIBOR (one, three, six and 12-month). Other interest rates used globally could also be discontinued for similar reasons. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The main provisions for contract modifications include optional relief by allowing the modification as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis and other optional expedients regarding embedded features. Optional expedients for hedge accounting permits changes to critical terms of hedging relationships and to the designated benchmark interest rate in a fair value hedge and also provides relief for assessing hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges. Companies are able to apply ASU 2020-04 immediately; however, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). The Company formed a LIBOR Transition Team in 2020, has created standard LIBOR replacement language for new and modified loan notes, and is monitoring the remaining loans with LIBOR rates monthly to ensure progress in updating these loans with acceptable LIBOR replacement language or converting them to other interest rates. During 2021, the Company did not offer LIBOR-indexed rates on loans which it originated, although it did participate in some shared credit agreements originated by other banks subject to the Company’s determination that the LIBOR replacement language in the loan documents met the Company’s standards. Pursuant to the Joint Regulatory Statement on LIBOR transition issued in October 2021, the Company’s policy, as of January 1, 2022, is not to enter into any new LIBOR-based credit agreements and not extend, renew, or modify prior LIBOR credit agreements without requiring conversion of the agreements to other interest rates. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment for derivative instruments that are being implemented as part of the market-wide transition to new reference rates (commonly referred to as the “discounting transition”). ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU 2022-06”). ASU 2022-06 defers the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. Leases - In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors-Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”), that amends lease classification requirements for lessors. In accordance with ASU 2021-05, lessors should classify and account for a lease that have variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: i) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease under the previous lease classification criteria and ii) sales-type or direct financing lease classification would result in a Day 1 loss. ASU 2021-05 was effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2021-05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Income Taxes – In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), that removes certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adds guidance to reduce complexity in accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 introduces the following new guidance: i) guidance to evaluate whether a step-up in tax basis of goodwill relates to a business combination in which book goodwill was recognized or a separate transaction and ii) a policy election to not allocate consolidated income taxes when a member of a consolidated tax return is not subject to income tax. Additionally, ASU 2019-12 changes the following current guidance: i) making an intraperiod allocation, if there is a loss in continuing operations and gains outside of continuing operations, ii) determining when a deferred tax liability is recognized after an investor in a foreign entity transitions to or from the equity method of accounting, iii) accounting for tax law changes and year-to-date losses in interim periods, and iv) determining how to apply the income tax guidance to franchise taxes that are partially based on income. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s operations, financial position or disclosures. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Income Taxes - In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), primarily focused on income tax disclosures regarding effective tax rates and cash income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities, on an annual basis, to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the applicable statutory income tax rate). ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company will complete an evaluation of the impact this standard will have on its results of operations, financial position or disclosures. Segment Reporting - In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update introduce a new requirement to disclose significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extend certain annual disclosures to interim periods, clarify that single reportable segment entities must apply Topic 280 in its entirety, permit more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions and require disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations, financial position or disclosures. Presently, the Company is not aware of any other changes to the Accounting Standards Codification that will have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial position or results of operations.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted	The computation of per share earnings is as follows: (In thousands, except per share data) 2023 2022 2021 Net income available to common stockholders $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,109 Average common shares outstanding 126,338 123,958 109,577 Average potential dilutive common shares 438 512 621 Average diluted common shares 126,776 124,470 110,198 Basic earnings per share $ 1.39 $ 2.07 $ 2.47 Diluted earnings per share $ 1.38 $ 2.06 $ 2.46

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Spirit acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows: (In thousands) Acquired from Spirit Fair Value Adjustments Fair Value Assets Acquired Cash and due from banks $ 277,790 $ — $ 277,790 Investment securities 362,088 (13,401) 348,687 Loans acquired 2,314,085 (19,925) 2,294,160 Allowance for credit losses on loans (17,005) 7,382 (9,623) Premises and equipment 84,135 (19,074) 65,061 Bank owned life insurance 36,890 — 36,890 Goodwill 77,681 (77,681) — Core deposit and other intangible assets 6,245 32,386 38,631 Other assets 58,403 (3,411) 54,992 Total assets acquired $ 3,200,312 $ (93,724) $ 3,106,588 Liabilities Assumed Deposits: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts $ 825,228 $ (534) $ 824,694 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 1,383,663 — 1,383,663 Time deposits 509,209 1,081 510,290 Total deposits 2,718,100 547 2,718,647 Other borrowings 37,547 503 38,050 Subordinated debentures 36,491 879 37,370 Accrued interest and other liabilities 23,667 (3,311) 20,356 Total liabilities assumed 2,815,805 (1,382) 2,814,423 Equity 384,507 (384,507) — Total equity assumed 384,507 (384,507) — Total liabilities and equity assumed $ 3,200,312 $ (385,889) $ 2,814,423 Net assets acquired 292,165 Purchase price 466,311 Goodwill $ 174,146 A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Landmark acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows: (In thousands) Acquired from Landmark Fair Value Adjustments Fair Value Assets Acquired Cash and due from banks $ 27,591 $ — $ 27,591 Due from banks - time 100 — 100 Investment securities 114,793 (125) 114,668 Loans acquired 785,551 3,953 789,504 Allowance for credit losses on loans (5,980) 3,621 (2,359) Premises and equipment 9,540 (4,099) 5,441 Bank owned life insurance 21,287 — 21,287 Core deposit intangible 88 4,071 4,159 Other assets 13,036 (4,605) 8,431 Total assets acquired $ 966,006 $ 2,816 $ 968,822 Liabilities Assumed Deposits: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts $ 110,393 $ — $ 110,393 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 425,777 — 425,777 Time deposits 266,835 (334) 266,501 Total deposits 803,005 (334) 802,671 Other borrowings 47,023 — 47,023 Accrued interest and other liabilities 8,459 (3,122) 5,337 Total liabilities assumed 858,487 (3,456) 855,031 Equity 107,519 (107,519) — Total equity assumed 107,519 (107,519) — Total liabilities and equity assumed $ 966,006 $ (110,975) $ 855,031 Net assets acquired 113,791 Purchase price 145,195 Goodwill $ 31,404 A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Triumph acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows: (In thousands) Acquired from Triumph Fair Value Adjustments Fair Value Assets Acquired Cash and due from banks $ 7,484 $ — $ 7,484 Due from banks - time 495 — 495 Investment securities 130,571 (1,116) 129,455 Loans acquired 702,460 (3,674) 698,786 Allowance for credit losses on loans (12,617) 1,525 (11,092) Premises and equipment 2,774 484 3,258 Goodwill 1,550 (1,550) — Core deposit intangible — 5,136 5,136 Other assets 12,806 897 13,703 Total assets acquired $ 845,523 $ 1,702 $ 847,225 Liabilities Assumed Deposits: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts $ 115,729 $ — $ 115,729 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 383,434 — 383,434 Time deposits 219,477 1,094 220,571 Total deposits 718,640 1,094 719,734 Other borrowings 2,854 — 2,854 Subordinated debentures 30,700 — 30,700 Accrued interest and other liabilities 2,882 455 3,337 Total liabilities assumed 755,076 1,549 756,625 Equity 90,446 (90,446) — Total equity assumed 90,446 (90,446) — Total liabilities and equity assumed $ 845,522 $ (88,897) $ 756,625 Net assets acquired 90,600 Purchase price 130,544 Goodwill $ 39,944
Schedule of Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information	The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations if the acquisition had been effective as of this date. (In thousands, except per share data) 2022 2021 Revenue (1) $ 912,631 $ 927,061 Net income $ 264,522 $ 307,752 Diluted earnings per share $ 2.04 $ 2.40 _________________________ (1) Net interest income plus non-interest income.

Investment Securities (Tables)

Investment Securities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity	The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as HTM are as follows: (In thousands) Amortized Cost Allowance Net Carrying Amount Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Estimated Fair Held-to-maturity December 31, 2023 U.S. Government agencies $ 453,121 $ — $ 453,121 $ — $ (89,203) $ 363,918 Mortgage-backed securities 1,161,694 — 1,161,694 354 (107,834) 1,054,214 State and political subdivisions 1,858,680 (2,006) 1,856,674 284 (369,509) 1,487,449 Other securities 256,007 (1,208) 254,799 — (25,010) 229,789 Total HTM $ 3,729,502 $ (3,214) $ 3,726,288 $ 638 $ (591,556) $ 3,135,370 December 31, 2022 U.S. Government agencies $ 448,012 $ — $ 448,012 $ — $ (102,558) $ 345,454 Mortgage-backed securities 1,190,781 — 1,190,781 227 (118,960) 1,072,048 State and political subdivisions 1,861,102 (110) 1,860,992 56 (446,198) 1,414,850 Other securities 261,199 (1,278) 259,921 — (29,040) 230,881 Total HTM $ 3,761,094 $ (1,388) $ 3,759,706 $ 283 $ (696,756) $ 3,063,233
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as AFS are as follows: (In thousands) Amortized Allowance for Credit Losses Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Estimated Fair Available-for-sale December 31, 2023 U.S. Treasury $ 2,285 $ — $ — $ (31) $ 2,254 U.S. Government agencies 74,460 — 35 (1,993) 72,502 Mortgage-backed securities 2,138,652 — 8 (198,353) 1,940,307 State and political subdivisions 1,035,147 — 187 (132,541) 902,793 Other securities 259,165 — — (24,868) 234,297 Total AFS $ 3,509,709 $ — $ 230 $ (357,786) $ 3,152,153 December 31, 2022 U.S. Treasury $ 2,257 $ — $ — $ (60) $ 2,197 U.S. Government agencies 191,498 — 103 (7,322) 184,279 Mortgage-backed securities 2,809,319 — 20 (266,437) 2,542,902 State and political subdivisions 1,056,124 — 250 (185,300) 871,074 Other securities 272,215 — — (19,813) 252,402 Total AFS $ 4,331,413 $ — $ 373 $ (478,932) $ 3,852,854
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value	The following table summarizes the Company’s AFS investments in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded as of December 31, 2023, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position: Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total (In thousands) Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Available-for-sale U.S. Treasury $ — $ — $ 2,254 $ (31) $ 2,254 $ (31) U.S. Government agencies 8,614 (39) 59,732 (1,954) 68,346 (1,993) Mortgage-backed securities 9,182 (135) 1,930,105 (198,218) 1,939,287 (198,353) State and political subdivisions 3,050 (163) 869,379 (132,378) 872,429 (132,541) Other securities 11,016 (2,654) 223,025 (22,214) 234,041 (24,868) Total AFS $ 31,862 $ (2,991) $ 3,084,495 $ (354,795) $ 3,116,357 $ (357,786)
Debt Securities, Allowance for Credit Loss	The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 on the Company’s HTM and AFS securities held. (In thousands) State and Political Subdivisions Other Securities Total December 31, 2023 Held-to-maturity Beginning balance, January 1, 2023 $ 110 $ 1,278 $ 1,388 Provision for credit loss expense 824 1,002 1,826 Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities 1,072 (1,072) — Ending balance, December 31, 2023 $ 2,006 $ 1,208 $ 3,214 Available-for-sale Beginning balance, January 1, 2023 $ — $ — $ — Provision for credit loss expense — 12,800 12,800 Reduction due to sales — (2,078) (2,078) Securities charged-off — (7,000) (7,000) Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities — (3,722) (3,722) Ending balance, December 31, 2023 $ — $ — $ — December 31, 2022 Held-to-maturity Beginning balance, January 1, 2022 $ 1,197 $ 82 $ 1,279 Provision for credit loss expense — — — Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities (1,180) 1,180 — Recoveries 93 16 109 Ending balance, December 31, 2022 $ 110 $ 1,278 $ 1,388
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator	The following table summarizes bond ratings for the Company’s HTM portfolio issued by state and political subdivisions and other securities as of December 31, 2023: State and Political Subdivisions (In thousands) Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance Pre-Refunded Total Other Securities Aaa/AAA $ 179,585 $ 299,910 $ — $ 479,495 $ — Aa/AA 635,749 524,037 — 1,159,786 — A 46,932 161,189 — 208,121 102,393 Baa/BBB — 4,376 — 4,376 153,614 Not Rated 6,902 — — 6,902 — Total $ 869,168 $ 989,512 $ — $ 1,858,680 $ 256,007
Income Earned on Securities	Income earned on securities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, is as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Taxable: Held-to-maturity $ 44,093 $ 33,778 $ 4,208 Available-for-sale 99,085 60,659 54,768 Non-taxable: Held-to-maturity 40,612 36,516 16,047 Available-for-sale 23,128 27,250 36,670 Total $ 206,918 $ 158,203 $ 111,693
Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value by Maturity of Securities	The amortized cost and estimated fair value by maturity of securities are shown in the following table as of December 31, 2023. Securities are classified according to their contractual maturities without consideration of principal amortization, potential prepayments or call options. Accordingly, actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities. Held-to-Maturity Available-for-Sale (In thousands) Amortized Fair Amortized Fair One year or less $ 1,473 $ 1,412 $ 10,418 $ 10,115 After one through five years 9,159 8,877 115,387 114,069 After five through ten years 387,939 345,785 216,076 190,533 After ten years 2,169,237 1,725,082 1,028,920 896,873 Securities not due on a single maturity date 1,161,694 1,054,214 2,138,652 1,940,307 Other securities (no maturity) — — 256 256 Total $ 3,729,502 $ 3,135,370 $ 3,509,709 $ 3,152,153

Loans and Allowance for Credi_2

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Schedule of Categories of Loans	The various categories of loans are summarized as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Consumer: Credit cards $ 191,204 $ 196,928 Other consumer 127,462 152,882 Total consumer 318,666 349,810 Real estate: Construction and development 3,144,220 2,566,649 Single family residential 2,641,556 2,546,115 Other commercial 7,552,410 7,468,498 Total real estate 13,338,186 12,581,262 Commercial: Commercial 2,490,176 2,632,290 Agricultural 232,710 205,623 Total commercial 2,722,886 2,837,913 Other 465,932 373,139 Total loans $ 16,845,670 $ 16,142,124
Schedule of Nonaccrual Loans, Excluding Loans Acquired	The amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans segregated by class of loans are as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Consumer: Credit cards $ 487 $ 349 Other consumer 589 433 Total consumer 1,076 782 Real estate: Construction and development 2,457 2,799 Single family residential 27,209 22,319 Other commercial 11,960 14,998 Total real estate 41,626 40,116 Commercial: Commercial 39,886 17,356 Agricultural 734 177 Total commercial 40,620 17,533 Other 3 3 Total $ 83,325 $ 58,434
Schedule of Aging Analysis of Past Due Loans, Excluding Loans Acquired	An age analysis of the amortized cost basis of past due loans, including nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans is as follows: (In thousands) Gross 90 Days Total Current Total 90 Days December 31, 2023 Consumer: Credit cards $ 1,734 $ 892 $ 2,626 $ 188,578 $ 191,204 $ 791 Other consumer 1,471 216 1,687 125,775 127,462 — Total consumer 3,205 1,108 4,313 314,353 318,666 791 Real estate: Construction and development 3,171 2,190 5,361 3,138,859 3,144,220 — Single family residential 30,697 12,522 43,219 2,598,337 2,641,556 7 Other commercial 4,702 3,612 8,314 7,544,096 7,552,410 — Total real estate 38,570 18,324 56,894 13,281,292 13,338,186 7 Commercial: Commercial 13,799 22,750 36,549 2,453,627 2,490,176 349 Agricultural 92 516 608 232,102 232,710 — Total commercial 13,891 23,266 37,157 2,685,729 2,722,886 349 Other — 3 3 465,929 465,932 — Total $ 55,666 $ 42,701 $ 98,367 $ 16,747,303 $ 16,845,670 $ 1,147 December 31, 2022 Consumer: Credit cards $ 1,297 $ 409 $ 1,706 $ 195,222 $ 196,928 $ 225 Other consumer 852 214 1,066 151,816 152,882 — Total consumer 2,149 623 2,772 347,038 349,810 225 Real estate: Construction and development 4,677 443 5,120 2,561,529 2,566,649 — Single family residential 23,625 11,075 34,700 2,511,415 2,546,115 106 Other commercial 2,759 7,100 9,859 7,458,639 7,468,498 — Total real estate 31,061 18,618 49,679 12,531,583 12,581,262 106 Commercial: Commercial 5,034 7,575 12,609 2,619,681 2,632,290 176 Agricultural 111 67 178 205,445 205,623 — Total commercial 5,145 7,642 12,787 2,825,126 2,837,913 176 Other 61 3 64 373,075 373,139 — Total $ 38,416 $ 26,886 $ 65,302 $ 16,076,822 $ 16,142,124 $ 507
Schedule of Troubled Debt Restructuring	The following table presents a summary of the amortized cost basis of loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, segregated by class of loans and type of loan modification, for the year ended December 31, 2023. Percent of Percent of Total Class Total Class (Dollars in thousands) Rate Reduction of Loans Term Extension of Loans Real estate: Single family residential $ 79 — % $ — — % Other commercial — — % 30,493 0.40 % Total real estate 79 30,493 Commercial: Commercial — — % 746 0.03 % Total commercial — 746 Total $ 79 $ 31,239 Accruing TDR Loans Nonaccrual TDR Loans Total TDR Loans (Dollars in thousands) Number Balance Number Balance Number Balance December 31, 2022 Real estate: Single-family residential 24 $ 1,849 12 $ 1,589 36 $ 3,438 Total real estate 24 1,849 12 1,589 36 3,438 Commercial: Commercial — — 1 33 1 33 Total commercial — — 1 33 1 33 Total 24 $ 1,849 13 $ 1,622 37 $ 3,471 The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2022. Modification Type (Dollars in thousands) Number of Balance Prior Balance at December 31, Change in Change in Financial Impact Year Ended December 31, 2022 Real estate: Single-family residential 4 $ 760 $ 730 $ — $ 730 $ — Total real estate 4 $ 760 $ 730 $ — $ 730 $ —
Summary of Loans by Credit Risk Rating	The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of December 31, 2023, segregated by class of loans. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 and Prior Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Consumer - credit cards Delinquency: Current $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 188,578 $ — $ 188,578 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 1,734 — 1,734 90+ days past due — — — — — — 892 — 892 Total consumer - credit cards — — — — — — 191,204 — 191,204 Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs — — — — — — 5,303 — 5,303 Consumer - other Delinquency: Current 55,091 35,904 12,115 3,838 1,471 1,106 16,250 — 125,775 30-89 days past due 400 719 127 53 2 16 154 — 1,471 90+ days past due 35 127 46 — — — 8 — 216 Total consumer - other 55,526 36,750 12,288 3,891 1,473 1,122 16,412 — 127,462 Current-period consumer - other gross charge-offs 220 826 493 79 29 128 449 — 2,224 Real estate - C&D Risk rating: Pass 138,749 143,711 52,081 45,027 10,278 13,632 2,710,853 504 3,114,835 Special mention — 1,143 7,284 — — 396 16,682 — 25,505 Substandard — 101 48 — — 247 3,484 — 3,880 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total real estate - C&D 138,749 144,955 59,413 45,027 10,278 14,275 2,731,019 504 3,144,220 Current-period real estate - C&D gross charge-offs — 1,148 — — — 8 349 — 1,505 Real estate - SF residential Delinquency: Current 371,326 620,933 352,589 238,128 121,416 504,675 388,705 565 2,598,337 30-89 days past due 5,222 5,061 3,667 2,283 1,741 9,759 2,964 — 30,697 90+ days past due 1,313 2,443 1,810 1,661 120 3,465 1,710 — 12,522 Total real estate - SF residential 377,861 628,437 358,066 242,072 123,277 517,899 393,379 565 2,641,556 Current-period real estate - SF residential gross charge-offs — 111 12 73 — 677 232 — 1,105 Real estate - other commercial Risk rating: Pass 729,602 1,651,010 1,237,810 621,595 171,230 417,122 2,333,637 — 7,162,006 Special mention 37,302 8,458 10,149 7,844 1,364 11,604 84,978 — 161,699 Substandard 40,664 10,290 4,495 16,646 6,293 9,861 140,454 — 228,703 Doubtful and loss — — — 2 — — — — 2 Total real estate - other commercial 807,568 1,669,758 1,252,454 646,087 178,887 438,587 2,559,069 — 7,552,410 Current-period real estate - other commercial gross charge-offs — — — 7 2 35 9,731 — 9,775 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 and Prior Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial Risk rating: Pass 440,872 354,016 200,941 67,320 27,374 42,953 1,271,826 — 2,405,302 Special mention 157 14,117 316 367 98 889 8,228 — 24,172 Substandard 1,998 11,874 6,272 2,934 1,722 3,392 32,510 — 60,702 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial 443,027 380,007 207,529 70,621 29,194 47,234 1,312,564 — 2,490,176 Current-period commercial - gross charge-offs 463 2,081 778 197 244 815 1,351 — 5,929 Commercial - agriculture Risk rating: Pass 39,680 30,075 13,940 6,280 2,071 303 134,180 — 226,529 Special mention 363 733 1,068 — — — 3,257 — 5,421 Substandard 518 37 71 104 26 — 4 — 760 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial - agriculture 40,561 30,845 15,079 6,384 2,097 303 137,441 — 232,710 Current-period commercial - agriculture gross charge-offs — 7 — — — 26 — — 33 Other Delinquency: Current 45,234 144,732 28,413 2,543 3,255 36,719 205,033 — 465,929 30-89 days past due — — — — — — — — — 90+ days past due — — — — — 3 — — 3 Total other 45,234 144,732 28,413 2,543 3,255 36,722 205,033 — 465,932 Current-period other - gross charge-offs — — — — — — 298 — 298 Total $ 1,908,526 $ 3,035,484 $ 1,933,242 $ 1,016,625 $ 348,461 $ 1,056,142 $ 7,546,121 $ 1,069 $ 16,845,670 The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of December 31, 2022 segregated by class of loans. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (In thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 and Prior Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Consumer - credit cards Delinquency: Current $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 195,222 $ — $ 195,222 30-89 days past due — — — — — — 1,297 — 1,297 90+ days past due — — — — — — 409 — 409 Total consumer - credit cards — — — — — — 196,928 — 196,928 Consumer - other Delinquency: Current 86,303 26,339 10,071 3,804 2,671 2,275 20,350 3 $ 151,816 30-89 days past due 298 241 135 13 34 119 12 — 852 90+ days past due 121 47 2 1 2 41 — — 214 Total consumer - other 86,722 26,627 10,208 3,818 2,707 2,435 20,362 3 152,882 Real estate - C&D Risk rating: Pass 237,304 68,916 50,912 16,920 13,625 9,611 2,163,776 334 $ 2,561,398 Special mention — — — — — 41 1,342 — 1,383 Substandard 1,091 116 36 13 31 103 2,478 — 3,868 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total real estate - C&D 238,395 69,032 50,948 16,933 13,656 9,755 2,167,596 334 2,566,649 Real estate - SF residential Delinquency: Current 700,976 411,885 295,365 141,608 192,176 440,931 324,282 4,192 $ 2,511,415 30-89 days past due 3,105 3,415 1,290 2,018 3,129 8,626 2,042 — 23,625 90+ days past due 586 871 885 968 1,017 6,312 436 — 11,075 Total real estate - SF residential 704,667 416,171 297,540 144,594 196,322 455,869 326,760 4,192 2,546,115 Real estate - other commercial Risk rating: Pass 1,917,352 1,482,049 768,630 254,986 179,729 428,027 2,093,379 19,469 7,143,621 Special mention 19,538 32,831 38,821 206 2,261 20,741 104,431 — 218,829 Substandard 24,639 3,399 27,399 2,544 2,026 15,217 30,824 — 106,048 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total real estate - other commercial 1,961,529 1,518,279 834,850 257,736 184,016 463,985 2,228,634 19,469 7,468,498 Commercial Risk rating: Pass 595,256 300,650 168,539 41,924 31,329 35,447 1,401,402 24,940 2,599,487 Special mention 199 1,700 11 32 — 927 2,708 80 5,657 Substandard 5,257 2,435 3,328 802 891 1,290 11,337 1,805 27,145 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — 1 1 Total commercial 600,712 304,785 171,878 42,758 32,220 37,664 1,415,447 26,826 2,632,290 Commercial - agriculture Risk rating: Pass 44,377 22,901 12,044 4,483 1,029 369 119,342 310 204,855 Special mention 8 — — — — — — — 8 Substandard 55 8 78 49 10 — 560 — 760 Doubtful and loss — — — — — — — — — Total commercial - agriculture 44,440 22,909 12,122 4,532 1,039 369 119,902 310 205,623 Other Delinquency: Current 152,086 29,362 8,181 4,742 20,018 25,349 132,384 953 373,075 30-89 days past due — — — — — 61 — — 61 90+ days past due — — — — — 3 — — 3 Total other 152,086 29,362 8,181 4,742 20,018 25,413 132,384 953 373,139 Total $ 3,788,551 $ 2,387,165 $ 1,385,727 $ 475,113 $ 449,978 $ 995,490 $ 6,608,013 $ 52,087 $ 16,142,124
Schedule of the Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses	The collateral securing these loans consist of commercial real estate properties, residential properties, and other business assets. (In thousands) Real Estate Collateral Other Collateral Total December 31, 2023 Construction and development $ 43,826 $ — $ 43,826 Single family residential 3,870 — 3,870 Other commercial real estate 76,229 — 76,229 Commercial — 20,679 20,679 Total $ 123,925 $ 20,679 $ 144,604 December 31, 2022 Construction and development $ 2,156 $ — $ 2,156 Single family residential — — — Other commercial real estate 65,450 — 65,450 Commercial — 3,320 3,320 Total $ 67,606 $ 3,320 $ 70,926 The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. (In thousands) Commercial Real Credit Other Total December 31, 2023 Beginning balance, January 1, 2023 $ 34,406 $ 150,795 $ 5,140 $ 6,614 $ 196,955 Provision for credit loss expense 5,934 36,381 5,023 86 47,424 Charge-offs (5,962) (12,385) (5,303) (2,522) (26,172) Recoveries 2,092 2,386 1,008 1,538 7,024 Net charge-offs (3,870) (9,999) (4,295) (984) (19,148) Ending balance, December 31, 2023 $ 36,470 $ 177,177 $ 5,868 $ 5,716 $ 225,231 December 31, 2022 Beginning balance, January 1, 2022 $ 17,458 $ 179,270 $ 3,987 $ 4,617 $ 205,332 Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans 6,433 3,187 — 2 9,622 Provision for credit loss expense 22,412 (34,456) 3,991 2,674 (5,379) Charge-offs (14,270) (4,122) (3,862) (1,876) (24,130) Recoveries 2,373 6,916 1,024 1,197 11,510 Net charge-offs (11,897) 2,794 (2,838) (679) (12,620) Ending balance, December 31, 2022 $ 34,406 $ 150,795 $ 5,140 $ 6,614 $ 196,955 December 31, 2021 Beginning balance, January 1, 2021 $ 42,093 $ 182,868 $ 7,472 $ 5,617 $ 238,050 Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans 3,349 10,101 — 1 13,451 Provision for credit loss expense (22,031) (7,918) (908) (352) (31,209) Charge-offs (10,613) (10,691) (3,625) (2,053) (26,982) Recoveries 4,660 4,910 1,048 1,404 12,022 Net charge-offs (5,953) (5,781) (2,577) (649) (14,960) Ending balance, December 31, 2021 $ 17,458 $ 179,270 $ 3,987 $ 4,617 $ 205,332 The components of provision for credit losses for the years ended December 31 were as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Provision for credit losses related to: Loans $ 47,424 $ (5,379) $ (31,209) Unfunded commitments (16,300) 19,453 — Securities - HTM 1,826 — (1,183) Securities - AFS 9,078 — (312) Total $ 42,028 $ 14,074 $ (32,704)
Schedule of Financing Receivable, Purchased With Credit Deterioration	The following table provides a summary of loans purchased as part of the Spirit acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition: (In thousands) Commercial Real Credit Other Total Unpaid principal balance $ 8,258 $ 66,534 $ — $ 59 $ 74,851 PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition (6,433) (3,187) — (2) (9,622) Non-credit related discount (378) (998) — (1) (1,377) Fair value of PCD loans $ 1,447 $ 62,349 $ — $ 56 $ 63,852 The following table provides a summary of loans purchased as part of the Landmark acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition: (In thousands) Commercial Real Credit Other Total Unpaid principal balance $ 11,046 $ 55,549 $ — $ 67 $ 66,662 PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition (350) (2,008) — (1) (2,359) Non-credit related discount (160) (2,415) — (2) (2,577) Fair value of PCD loans $ 10,536 $ 51,126 $ — $ 64 $ 61,726 The following table provides a summary of loans purchased as part of the Triumph acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition: (In thousands) Commercial Real Credit Other Total Unpaid principal balance $ 40,466 $ 80,803 $ — $ 15 $ 121,284 PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition (2,999) (8,093) — — (11,092) Non-credit related discount (279) (1,314) — (1) (1,594) Fair value of PCD loans $ 37,188 $ 71,396 $ — $ 14 $ 108,598

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and_2

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Components of Lease Expense and Supplemental Information	The following table presents information as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 related to the Company’s right-of-use lease assets, included in premises and equipment, and lease liabilities, included in accrued interest and other liabilities. (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Right-of-use lease assets $ 67,267 $ 46,845 Lease liabilities 68,788 47,850 Weighted average remaining lease term 8.81 years 6.69 years Weighted average discount rate 3.52 % 2.41 %
Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities	The Company’s remaining undiscounted minimum lease payments on operating leases as of December 31, 2023 are as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 13,064 2025 11,212 2026 10,147 2027 7,732 2028 6,792 Thereafter 33,044 Total undiscounted minimum lease payments 81,991 Less: Net present value adjustment 13,203 Lease liability included in other liabilities $ 68,788

Premises and Equipment (Tables)

Premises and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment	Total premises and equipment, net at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Right-of-use lease assets $ 67,267 $ 46,845 Premises and equipment: Land 122,093 122,841 Buildings and improvements 388,675 370,530 Furniture, fixtures and equipment 112,133 122,029 Software 61,242 70,984 Construction in progress 14,142 15,488 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (194,874) (199,976) Total premises and equipment, net $ 570,678 $ 548,741

Goodwill and Other Intangible_2

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Other Intangibles	Changes in the carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s core deposit premiums and other intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Core deposit premiums: Balance, beginning of year $ 116,016 $ 93,862 Acquisitions (1) — 36,500 Amortization (14,672) (14,346) Balance, end of year 101,344 116,016 Books of business and other intangibles: Balance, beginning of year 12,935 12,373 Acquisitions (2) — 2,131 Amortization (1,634) (1,569) Balance, end of year 11,301 12,935 Total other intangible assets, net $ 112,645 $ 128,951 _________________________ (1) A core deposit premium of $36.5 million was recorded during 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions. (2) The Company recorded $2.1 million during 2022 related to servicing assets acquired as part of the Spirit acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions. The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of the Company’s other intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Core deposit premiums: Gross carrying amount $ 187,467 $ 189,996 Accumulated amortization (86,123) (73,980) Core deposit premiums, net 101,344 116,016 Books of business and other intangibles: Gross carrying amount 22,068 22,068 Accumulated amortization (10,767) (9,133) Books of business and other intangibles, net 11,301 12,935 Total other intangible assets, net $ 112,645 $ 128,951
Estimated Remaining Amortization Expense	The Company’s estimated remaining amortization expense on other intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 is as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 15,403 2025 12,819 2026 12,346 2027 12,218 2028 11,312 Thereafter 48,547 Total $ 112,645

Time Deposits (Tables)

Time Deposits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]
Time Deposit Maturities	Maturities of all time deposits at December 31, 2023 are as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 6,089,586 2025 287,651 2026 56,173 2027 6,705 2028 5,125 Thereafter 1,433 Total $ 6,446,673

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for Income Taxes	The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31 is comprised of the following components: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Income taxes currently payable $ 28,006 $ 35,215 $ 50,369 Deferred income taxes (2,460) 14,933 10,937 Provision for income taxes $ 25,546 $ 50,148 $ 61,306
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	The tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts that give rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and their approximate tax effects, are as follows as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Loans acquired $ 3,644 $ 5,846 Allowance for credit losses 53,445 47,145 Valuation of foreclosed assets 480 523 Tax NOLs from acquisition 9,643 10,962 Deferred compensation payable 3,355 3,867 Accrued equity and other compensation 8,048 8,153 Acquired securities 7,569 7,651 Right-of-use lease liability 16,501 11,641 Unrealized loss on AFS securities 143,624 177,839 Allowance for unfunded commitments 6,148 10,200 Other 7,627 4,173 Gross deferred tax assets 260,084 288,000 Deferred tax liabilities: Goodwill and other intangible amortization (41,174) (44,539) Accumulated depreciation (24,632) (24,288) Right-of-use lease asset (16,136) (11,396) Unrealized gain on swaps (25,371) (25,836) Other (10,995) (8,875) Gross deferred tax liabilities (118,308) (114,934) Net deferred tax asset $ 141,776 $ 173,066
Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense	A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown below for the years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Computed at the statutory rate $ 42,127 $ 64,378 $ 69,807 Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit (983) 3,249 4,452 Discrete items related to share-based compensation 596 (74) (17) Tax exempt interest income (15,357) (14,484) (11,510) Tax exempt earnings on bank owned life insurance (2,607) (1,918) (1,212) Federal tax credits (218) (1,708) (2,260) Other differences, net 1,988 705 2,046 Actual tax provision $ 25,546 $ 50,148 $ 61,306

Securities Sold Under Agreeme_2

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]
Contractual Maturity of Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase	The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is presented in the following tables. Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements (In thousands) Overnight and Up to 30 Days 30-90 Days Greater than Total December 31, 2023 Repurchase agreements: U.S. Government agencies $ 67,569 $ — $ — $ — $ 67,569 December 31, 2022 Repurchase agreements: U.S. Government agencies $ 152,403 $ — $ — $ — $ 152,403

Other Borrowings and Subordin_2

Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Debt	Debt at December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following components: (In thousands) 2023 2022 Other Borrowings FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2024 to 2033, 4.56% to 5.68%, secured by real estate loans $ 953,222 $ 838,487 Other long-term debt 19,144 20,809 Total other borrowings 972,366 859,296 Subordinated Notes and Debentures Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly) (1) 330,000 330,000 Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) 37,171 37,285 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1,030) (1,296) Total subordinated notes and debentures 366,141 365,989 Total other borrowings and subordinated debt $ 1,338,507 $ 1,225,285 _________________________
Schedule of Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt	Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2023, are as follows: Year (In thousands) 2024 $ 1,822 2025 1,822 2026 1,824 2027 1,920 2028 332,210 Thereafter 48,909 Total $ 388,507

Transactions With Related Par_2

Transactions With Related Parties (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Schedule of Related Party Transactions	(In thousands) 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of year $ 3,672 $ 6,216 New extensions of credit 100 180 Repayments (565) (2,724) Balance, end of year $ 3,207 $ 3,672

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock Compensation Plan Transactions	The table below summarizes the transactions under the Company’s active stock compensation plans at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, and changes during the years then ended: Stock Options Non-vested Stock Awards Outstanding Non-vested Stock Units Outstanding (1) (Shares in thousands) Number of Shares Weighted Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Balance, December 31, 2020 658 $ 22.48 5 $ 22.35 1,032 $ 24.53 Granted — — — — 674 28.94 Stock options exercised (185) 22.42 — — — — Stock awards/units vested (earned) — — (3) 22.48 (434) 25.61 Forfeited/expired — — — — (87) 25.86 Balance, December 31, 2021 473 22.50 2 22.20 1,185 26.51 Granted — — — — 719 26.42 Stock options exercised (3) 13.30 — — — — Stock awards/units vested (earned) — — (2) 22.20 (609) 26.30 Forfeited/expired — — — — (98) 25.68 Balance, December 31, 2022 470 22.56 — — 1,197 26.63 Granted — — — — 798 21.15 Stock options exercised (1) 10.65 — — — — Stock awards/units vested (earned) — — — — (490) 24.73 Forfeited/expired (22) 22.87 — — (232) 24.81 Balance, December 31, 2023 447 $ 22.56 — $ — 1,273 $ 24.23 Exercisable, December 31, 2023 447 $ 22.56 _________________________ (1) All stock units (including performance stock units).
Information about Stock Options under Plans Outstanding	The following table summarizes information about stock options under the plans outstanding at December 31, 2023: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Weighted Weighted Number Weighted $ 20.29 — $ 20.29 47 0.90 $20.29 47 $20.29 22.20 — 22.20 51 1.24 22.20 51 22.20 22.75 — 22.75 274 1.46 22.75 274 22.75 23.51 — 23.51 68 1.89 23.51 68 23.51 24.07 — 24.07 7 1.71 24.07 7 24.07 $ 20.29 — $ 24.07 447 1.45 $22.56 447 $22.56
Restricted Performance Stock Unit Activity	The table below summarizes the Company’s performance stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: (In thousands) Performance Stock Units Non-vested, December 31, 2020 222 Granted 171 Vested (earned) (57) Forfeited (5) Non-vested, December 31, 2021 331 Granted 184 Vested (earned) (149) Forfeited (14) Non-vested, December 31, 2022 352 Granted 302 Vested (earned) (72) Forfeited (90) Non-vested, December 31, 2023 492

Additional Cash Flow Informat_2

Additional Cash Flow Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Schedule of Additional Cash Flow Information	The following is a summary of the Company’s additional cash flow information during the years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Interest paid $ 540,816 $ 134,980 $ 82,914 Income taxes paid 20,948 25,084 55,202 Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets held for sale 3,075 1,219 4,322 Transfer of premises held for sale to other real estate owned — — 4,368 Transfer of premises held for sale to premises — — 5,610 Transfers of assets held for sale to other assets — 100 — Transfers of available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities — 1,992,542 500,809

Other Income and Other Operat_2

Other Income and Other Operating Expenses (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other Operating Expenses	Other operating expenses consisted of the following during the years ended December 31: (In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Professional services $ 19,612 $ 19,138 $ 18,921 Postage 9,458 8,955 8,276 Telephone 6,965 6,394 6,234 Credit card expense 13,243 12,243 11,112 Marketing 24,008 28,870 22,234 Software and technology 42,530 40,906 40,608 Operating supplies 2,591 2,556 2,766 Amortization of intangibles 16,306 15,915 13,494 Branch right sizing expense 5,467 3,475 (537) Other expense 36,984 41,241 30,454 Total other operating expenses $ 177,164 $ 179,693 $ 153,562

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Financial Instruments Measured on Recurring Basis	The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Fair Value Measurements (In thousands) Fair Value Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant December 31, 2023 Available-for-sale securities U.S. Treasury $ 2,254 $ 2,254 $ — $ — U.S. Government agencies 72,502 — 72,502 — Mortgage-backed securities 1,940,307 — 1,940,307 — State and political subdivisions 902,793 — 902,793 — Other securities 234,297 — 234,297 — Mortgage loans held for sale 9,373 — — 9,373 Derivative asset 130,271 — 130,271 — Derivative liability (27,584) — (27,584) — December 31, 2022 Available-for-sale securities U.S. Treasury $ 2,197 $ 2,197 $ — $ — U.S. Government agencies 184,279 — 184,279 — Mortgage-backed securities 2,542,902 — 2,542,902 — State and political subdivisions 871,074 — 871,074 — Other securities 252,402 — 252,402 — Mortgage loans held for sale 3,486 — — 3,486 Derivative asset 139,323 — 139,323 — Derivative liability (34,440) — (34,440) —
Financial Assets Measure on Nonrecurring Basis	The following table sets forth the Company’s assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Fair Value Measurements Using (In thousands) Fair Value Quoted Prices in Significant Other Significant December 31, 2023 Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent) $ 144,604 $ — $ — $ 144,604 Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1) 3,646 — — 3,646 December 31, 2022 Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent) $ 70,926 $ — $ — $ 70,926 Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1) 2,418 — — 2,418 ______________________ (1) These amounts represent the resulting carrying amounts on the consolidated balance sheets for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets and other real estate owned for which fair value re-measurements took place during the period. (2) Identified reserves of $18.7 million and $5.2 million were related to collateral-dependent loans for which fair value re-measurements took place during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Estimated Fair Values and Related Carrying Amounts	The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows: Carrying Fair Value Measurements (In thousands) Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total December 31, 2023 Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 614,092 $ 614,092 $ — $ — $ 614,092 Interest bearing balances due from banks - time 100 — 100 — 100 Held-to-maturity securities, net 3,726,288 — 3,135,370 — 3,135,370 Interest receivable 122,430 — 122,430 — 122,430 Loans, net 16,620,439 — — 15,734,766 15,734,766 Financial liabilities: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts 4,800,880 — 4,800,880 — 4,800,880 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 10,997,425 — 10,997,425 — 10,997,425 Time deposits 6,446,673 — — 6,414,222 6,414,222 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 67,969 — 67,969 — 67,969 Other borrowings 972,366 — 970,846 — 970,846 Subordinated notes and debentures 366,141 — 349,424 — 349,424 Interest payable 35,618 — 35,618 — 35,618 December 31, 2022 Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 682,122 $ 682,122 $ — $ — $ 682,122 Interest bearing balances due from banks - time 795 — 795 — 795 Held-to-maturity securities, net 3,759,706 — 3,063,233 — 3,063,233 Interest receivable 102,892 — 102,892 — 102,892 Loans, net 15,945,169 — — 15,573,555 15,573,555 Financial liabilities: Noninterest bearing transaction accounts 6,016,651 — 6,016,651 — 6,016,651 Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits 11,762,885 — 11,762,885 — 11,762,885 Time deposits 4,768,558 — — 4,696,473 4,696,473 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 160,403 — 160,403 — 160,403 Other borrowings 859,296 — 857,257 — 857,257 Subordinated notes and debentures 365,989 — 363,578 — 363,578 Interest payable 16,399 — 16,399 — 16,399

Derivative Instruments (Tables)

Derivative Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value	The following table summarizes the fair value hedges recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 (In thousands) Balance Sheet Location Weighted Average Pay Rate Receive Rate Notional Fair Value Notional Fair Value Derivative assets Other assets 1.21% Federal Funds $ 1,001,715 $ 102,644 $ 1,001,715 $ 104,833 The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to carrying amounts and cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges. Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets Line Item on the Balance Sheet (In thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Investment securities - Available-for-sale $ 940,010 $ 944,115 $ 104,408 $ 106,321 The following table summarizes the fair values of loan derivative contracts recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. 2023 2022 (In thousands) Notional Fair Value Notional Fair Value Derivative assets $ 551,314 $ 27,627 $ 413,968 $ 34,490 Derivative liabilities 552,274 27,584 414,955 34,440

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of Actual Capital Amounts and Ratios	The Company’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table. Actual Minimum To Be Well (In thousands) Amount Ratio (%) Amount Ratio (%) Amount Ratio (%) December 31, 2023 Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation $ 2,964,917 14.4 $ 1,647,176 8.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,834,126 13.8 1,642,972 8.0 2,053,714 10.0 Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,493,799 12.1 1,236,595 6.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,663,153 13.0 1,229,148 6.0 1,638,863 8.0 Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,493,799 12.1 927,446 4.5 N/A Simmons Bank 2,663,153 13.0 921,861 4.5 1,331,577 6.5 Tier 1 Leverage Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,493,799 9.4 1,061,191 4.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,663,153 10.0 1,065,261 4.0 1,331,577 5.0 December 31, 2022 Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation $ 2,948,490 14.2 $ 1,661,121 8.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,743,625 13.3 1,650,301 8.0 2,062,876 10.0 Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,466,874 11.9 1,243,802 6.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,628,002 12.7 1,241,576 6.0 1,655,434 8.0 Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,466,874 11.9 932,852 4.5 N/A Simmons Bank 2,628,002 12.7 931,182 4.5 1,345,040 6.5 Tier 1 Leverage Ratio Simmons First National Corporation 2,466,874 9.3 1,061,021 4.0 N/A Simmons Bank 2,628,002 10.0 1,051,201 4.0 1,314,001 5.0

Condensed Financial Informati_2

Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Condensed Balance Sheet	(In thousands) 2023 2022 ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 164,439 $ 116,915 Investments in wholly-owned subsidiaries 3,603,066 3,453,961 Loans 102 1,412 Intangible assets, net 133 133 Premises and equipment 20,498 22,083 Other assets 50,642 86,622 TOTAL ASSETS $ 3,838,880 $ 3,681,126 LIABILITIES Long-term debt $ 385,285 $ 386,798 Other liabilities 27,107 24,966 Total liabilities 412,392 411,764 STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common stock 1,252 1,270 Surplus 2,499,930 2,530,066 Undivided profits 1,329,681 1,255,586 Accumulated other comprehensive loss: Unrealized depreciation on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes of $(143,076) and $(183,124) at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (404,375) (517,560) Total stockholders’ equity 3,426,488 3,269,362 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 3,838,880 $ 3,681,126
Condensed Income Statement	(In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 INCOME Dividends from subsidiaries $ 166,874 $ 219,868 $ 227,310 Other income 303 508 1,080 Income 167,177 220,376 228,390 EXPENSE 44,685 46,133 44,847 Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 122,492 174,243 183,543 Provision for income taxes (10,790) (9,391) (11,314) Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries 133,282 183,634 194,857 Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of subsidiaries 41,775 72,778 76,299 NET INCOME 175,057 256,412 271,156 Preferred stock dividends — — 47 NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,109
Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income	(In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 NET INCOME $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,156 OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Equity in other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries 113,185 (507,015) (70,271) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) $ 288,242 $ (250,603) $ 200,885
Condensed Cash Flow Statement	(In thousands) 2023 2022 2021 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $ 175,057 $ 256,412 $ 271,156 Items not requiring (providing) cash Stock-based compensation expense 12,189 15,317 15,868 Depreciation and amortization 1,637 1,981 1,805 Deferred income taxes (1,742) (652) 3,347 Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of bank subsidiaries (41,775) (72,778) (76,299) Changes in: Other assets 37,720 (26,775) (2,099) Other liabilities 2,293 (28,745) 11,109 Net cash provided by operating activities 185,379 144,760 224,887 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Net collections (originations) of loans 1,310 1,198 (2,139) Net purchases of premises and equipment (52) (21) (83) Cash acquired (paid) in business combinations — 60,126 (6,818) Other, net 5,856 1,688 2 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 7,114 62,991 (9,038) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Repayment of long-term debt, net (1,664) (57,436) (1,563) (Cancellation) issuance of common stock, net (2,021) (3,882) 1,460 Stock repurchases (40,322) (111,133) (132,459) Dividends paid on preferred stock — — (47) Dividends paid on common stock (100,962) (94,096) (78,845) Preferred stock retirement — — (767) Net cash used in financing activities (144,969) (266,547) (212,221) INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 47,524 (58,796) 3,628 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR 116,915 175,711 172,083 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR $ 164,439 $ 116,915 $ 175,711

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 center segment shares	Dec. 31, 2022 shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of financial centers | center	234
Number of reportable segments | segment	1
Employee Stock Option
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) | shares	410,490	0	0

Summary of Significant Accoun_5

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,109
Average common shares outstanding (in shares)	126,338	123,958	109,577
Average potential dilutive common shares (in shares)	438	512	621
Average diluted common shares (in shares)	126,776	124,470	110,198
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.39	$ 2.07	$ 2.47
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38	$ 2.06	$ 2.46

Acquisitions - Narrative (Detai

Acquisitions - Narrative (Details)				12 Months Ended
	Apr. 08, 2022 USD ($) shares	Nov. 20, 2021 USD ($)	Oct. 08, 2021 USD ($) branch shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 19, 2021 USD ($) branch
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares) | shares	18,275,074
Stock issued for acquisition	$ 464,900,000				$ 464,918,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 1,393,508.9
Number of bank branches acquired | branch							35
Assets acquired, after acquisition method adjustments							$ 3,110,000,000
Loans acquired, after acquisition method adjustments					35,200,000		2,290,000,000
Customer deposits acquired, after acquisition method adjustments							$ 2,720,000,000
Goodwill		$ 174,146,000
Acquisition-related costs					18,700,000
Landmark Community Bank
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares) | shares			4,499,872
Stock issued for acquisition			$ 138,200,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross			$ 6,451,727.43
Number of bank branches acquired | branch			8
Assets acquired, after acquisition method adjustments			$ 968,800,000
Loans acquired, after acquisition method adjustments			789,500,000
Customer deposits acquired, after acquisition method adjustments			802,700,000
Goodwill			$ 31,404,000
Triumph Bancshares, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares) | shares			4,164,712
Stock issued for acquisition			$ 127,900,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross			$ 1,693,402.93
Number of bank branches acquired | branch			6
Assets acquired, after acquisition method adjustments			$ 847,200,000
Loans acquired, after acquisition method adjustments			698,800,000
Customer deposits acquired, after acquisition method adjustments			719,700,000
Goodwill			$ 39,944,000
Acquisition-related costs				$ 1,400,000	$ 22,500,000	$ 15,900,000

Acquisitions - Assets Acquired

Acquisitions - Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 20, 2021	Oct. 08, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 19, 2021	Oct. 07, 2021
Assets Acquired
Goodwill			$ 1,320,799	$ 1,319,598
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$ 277,790				$ 277,790
Investment securities	348,687				362,088
Loans acquired	2,294,160				2,314,085
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(9,623)				(17,005)
Premises and equipment	65,061				84,135
Bank owned life insurance	36,890				36,890
Goodwill	0				77,681
Other assets	54,992				58,403
Total assets acquired	3,106,588				3,200,312
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	824,694				825,228
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	1,383,663				1,383,663
Time deposits	510,290				509,209
Total deposits	2,718,647				2,718,100
Other borrowings	38,050				37,547
Subordinated debentures	37,370				36,491
Accrued interest and other liabilities	20,356				23,667
Total liabilities assumed	2,814,423				2,815,805
Equity	0				384,507
Total liabilities and equity assumed	2,814,423				3,200,312
Net assets acquired	292,165
Purchase price	466,311
Goodwill	174,146
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	0
Investment securities	(13,401)
Loans acquired	(19,925)
Allowance for credit losses on loans	7,382
Premises and equipment	(19,074)
Bank owned life insurance	0
Goodwill	(77,681)
Other assets	(3,411)
Total assets acquired	(93,724)
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	(534)
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	0
Time deposits	1,081
Total deposits	547
Other borrowings	503
Subordinated debentures	879
Accrued interest and other liabilities	(3,311)
Total liabilities assumed	(1,382)
Equity	(384,507)
Total liabilities and equity assumed	(385,889)
Landmark Community Bank
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		$ 27,591				$ 27,591
Due from banks - time		100				100
Investment securities		114,668				114,793
Loans acquired		789,504				785,551
Allowance for credit losses on loans		(2,359)				(5,980)
Premises and equipment		5,441				9,540
Bank owned life insurance		21,287				21,287
Other assets		8,431				13,036
Total assets acquired		968,822				966,006
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		110,393				110,393
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		425,777				425,777
Time deposits		266,501				266,835
Total deposits		802,671				803,005
Other borrowings		47,023				47,023
Accrued interest and other liabilities		5,337				8,459
Total liabilities assumed		855,031				858,487
Equity		0				107,519
Total liabilities and equity assumed		855,031				966,006
Net assets acquired		113,791
Purchase price		145,195
Goodwill		31,404
Landmark Community Bank | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		0
Due from banks - time		0
Investment securities		(125)
Loans acquired		3,953
Allowance for credit losses on loans		3,621
Premises and equipment		(4,099)
Bank owned life insurance		0
Other assets		(4,605)
Total assets acquired		2,816
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		0
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		0
Time deposits		(334)
Total deposits		(334)
Other borrowings		0
Accrued interest and other liabilities		(3,122)
Total liabilities assumed		(3,456)
Equity		(107,519)
Total liabilities and equity assumed		(110,975)
Triumph Bancshares, Inc.
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		7,484				7,484
Due from banks - time		495				495
Investment securities		129,455				130,571
Loans acquired		698,786				702,460
Allowance for credit losses on loans		(11,092)				(12,617)
Premises and equipment		3,258				2,774
Goodwill		0				1,550
Other assets		13,703				12,806
Total assets acquired		847,225				845,523
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		115,729				115,729
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		383,434				383,434
Time deposits		220,571				219,477
Total deposits		719,734				718,640
Other borrowings		2,854				2,854
Subordinated debentures		30,700				30,700
Accrued interest and other liabilities		3,337				2,882
Total liabilities assumed		756,625				755,076
Equity		0				90,446
Total liabilities and equity assumed		756,625				845,522
Net assets acquired		90,600
Purchase price		130,544
Goodwill		39,944
Triumph Bancshares, Inc. | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		0
Due from banks - time		0
Investment securities		(1,116)
Loans acquired		(3,674)
Allowance for credit losses on loans		1,525
Premises and equipment		484
Goodwill		(1,550)
Other assets		897
Total assets acquired		1,702
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		0
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		0
Time deposits		1,094
Total deposits		1,094
Other borrowings		0
Subordinated debentures		0
Accrued interest and other liabilities		455
Total liabilities assumed		1,549
Equity		(90,446)
Total liabilities and equity assumed		(88,897)
Core Deposit Premium | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Assets Acquired
Core deposit and other intangible assets	38,631				$ 6,245
Core Deposit Premium | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Core deposit and other intangible assets	$ 32,386
Core Deposit Premium | Landmark Community Bank
Assets Acquired
Core deposit and other intangible assets		4,159				88
Core Deposit Premium | Landmark Community Bank | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Core deposit and other intangible assets		4,071
Core Deposit Premium | Triumph Bancshares, Inc.
Assets Acquired
Core deposit and other intangible assets		5,136				$ 0
Core Deposit Premium | Triumph Bancshares, Inc. | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Core deposit and other intangible assets		$ 5,136

Acquisitions - Summary of Unaud

Acquisitions - Summary of Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Details) - Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 912,631	$ 927,061
Net income	$ 264,522	$ 307,752
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.04	$ 2.40

Investment Securities - Narrati

Investment Securities - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) bond	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, transfer to held-to-maturity	$ 1,990,000,000	$ 500,800,000
Debt securities, held-to-maturity transfer, unrealized gain			$ 126,400,000
Available-for-sale, transfer to held-to-maturity, gain (loss)			0
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities			3,729,502,000	$ 3,761,094,000
Available for sale mortgage backed securities			3,509,709,000	4,331,413,000
Held-to-maturity, interest receivable			20,600,000
Available-for-sale, interest receivable			24,700,000
Available-for-sale securities			3,152,153,000	3,852,854,000
Securities valued at less than historical cost, amount			$ 3,116,357,000
Securities valued at less than historical cost (as percent)			98.90%
Provision for credit losses, AFS			$ 9,100,000	0
Securities pledged as collateral			3,320,000,000	3,960,000,000
Realized losses			$ 20,600,000	324,000	$ 422,000
Realized gains				$ 46,000	$ 15,900,000
Income tax benefit related to security gains (losses) (as percent)			26.135%	26.135%	26.135%
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities			$ 141,600,000	$ 149,200,000
Available for sale mortgage backed securities			710,100,000	1,070,000,000
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities			1,020,000,000	1,040,000,000
Available for sale mortgage backed securities			1,230,000,000	1,470,000,000
Bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses, AFS			$ 7,000,000
Number of corporate bond | bond			1
Investments sold, amount			$ 247,900,000	$ 0	$ 342,600,000

Investment Securities - Summary

Investment Securities - Summary of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	$ 3,729,502	$ 3,761,094
Allowance for Credit Losses	(3,214)	(1,388)	$ (1,279)
Net Carrying Amount	3,726,288	3,759,706
Gross Unrealized Gains	638	283
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(591,556)	(696,756)
Estimated Fair Value	3,135,370	3,063,233
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	3,509,709	4,331,413
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	230	373
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(357,786)	(478,932)
Estimated Fair Value	3,152,153	3,852,854
U.S. Treasury
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	2,285	2,257
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(31)	(60)
Estimated Fair Value	2,254	2,197
U.S. Government agencies
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	453,121	448,012
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	453,121	448,012
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(89,203)	(102,558)
Estimated Fair Value	363,918	345,454
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	74,460	191,498
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	35	103
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(1,993)	(7,322)
Estimated Fair Value	72,502	184,279
Mortgage-backed securities
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	1,161,694	1,190,781
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Net Carrying Amount	1,161,694	1,190,781
Gross Unrealized Gains	354	227
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(107,834)	(118,960)
Estimated Fair Value	1,054,214	1,072,048
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	2,138,652	2,809,319
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	8	20
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(198,353)	(266,437)
Estimated Fair Value	1,940,307	2,542,902
State and political subdivisions
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	1,858,680	1,861,102
Allowance for Credit Losses	(2,006)	(110)	(1,197)
Net Carrying Amount	1,856,674	1,860,992
Gross Unrealized Gains	284	56
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(369,509)	(446,198)
Estimated Fair Value	1,487,449	1,414,850
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	1,035,147	1,056,124
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	187	250
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(132,541)	(185,300)
Estimated Fair Value	902,793	871,074
Other securities
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	256,007	261,199
Allowance for Credit Losses	(1,208)	(1,278)	$ (82)
Net Carrying Amount	254,799	259,921
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(25,010)	(29,040)
Estimated Fair Value	229,789	230,881
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	259,165	272,215
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(24,868)	(19,813)
Estimated Fair Value	$ 234,297	$ 252,402

Investment Securities - Securit

Investment Securities - Securities With Unrealized Losses (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Available-for-sale
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	$ 31,862
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(2,991)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	3,084,495
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(354,795)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	3,116,357
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(357,786)
U.S. Treasury
Available-for-sale
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	0
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	0
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	2,254
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(31)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	2,254
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(31)
U.S. Government agencies
Available-for-sale
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	8,614
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(39)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	59,732
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(1,954)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	68,346
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(1,993)
Mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	9,182
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(135)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	1,930,105
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(198,218)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	1,939,287
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(198,353)
State and political subdivisions
Available-for-sale
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	3,050
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(163)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	869,379
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(132,378)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	872,429
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(132,541)
Other securities
Available-for-sale
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	11,016
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(2,654)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	223,025
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(22,214)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	234,041
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	$ (24,868)

Investment Securities - Allowan

Investment Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses HTM (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,388	$ 1,279
Provision for credit loss expense	1,826	0	$ (1,183)
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	0	0
Recoveries		109
Ending balance	3,214	1,388	1,279
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	110	1,197
Provision for credit loss expense	824	0
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	1,072	(1,180)
Recoveries		93
Ending balance	2,006	110	1,197
Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,278	82
Provision for credit loss expense	1,002	0
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	(1,072)	1,180
Recoveries		16
Ending balance	$ 1,208	$ 1,278	$ 82

Investment Securities - Allow_2

Investment Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses AFS (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 0
Provision for credit loss expense	12,800
Reduction due to sales	(2,078)
Securities charged-off	(7,000)
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(3,722)
Ending balance	0
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0
Provision for credit loss expense	0
Reduction due to sales	0
Securities charged-off	0
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	0
Ending balance	0
Other securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0
Provision for credit loss expense	12,800
Reduction due to sales	(2,078)
Securities charged-off	(7,000)
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(3,722)
Ending balance	$ 0

Investment Securities - Credit

Investment Securities - Credit Quality Indicator (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 3,729,502	$ 3,761,094
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,858,680	1,861,102
Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	256,007	$ 261,199
Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	479,495
Aaa/AAA | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,159,786
Aa/AA | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	208,121
A | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	102,393
Bond, Baa/BBB Rating | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	4,376
Bond, Baa/BBB Rating | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	153,614
Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	6,902
Not Rated | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	869,168
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	179,585
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	635,749
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	46,932
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Bond, Baa/BBB Rating | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	6,902
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	989,512
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	299,910
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	524,037
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	161,189
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Bond, Baa/BBB Rating | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	4,376
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Bond, Baa/BBB Rating | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 0

Investment Securities - Income

Investment Securities - Income Earned on Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Non-taxable:
Total	$ 206,918	$ 158,203	$ 111,693
Held-to-Maturity Securities1
Taxable:
Taxable	44,093	33,778	4,208
Non-taxable:
Non-taxable	40,612	36,516	16,047
Available-for-Sale Securities1
Taxable:
Taxable	99,085	60,659	54,768
Non-taxable:
Non-taxable	$ 23,128	$ 27,250	$ 36,670

Investment Securities - Maturit

Investment Securities - Maturities of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, one year or less	$ 1,473
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, after one through five years	9,159
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, after five through ten years	387,939
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, after ten years	2,169,237
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, securities not due on a single maturity date	1,161,694
Amortized Cost	3,729,502	$ 3,761,094
Held-to-maturity, fair value, one year or less	1,412
Held-to-maturity, fair value, after one through five years	8,877
Held-to-maturity, fair value, after five through ten years	345,785
Held-to-maturity, fair value, after ten years	1,725,082
Held-to-maturity, fair value, securities not due on a single maturity date	1,054,214
Held-to-maturity, fair value, total	3,135,370	3,063,233
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, one year or less	10,418
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, after one through five years	115,387
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, after five through ten years	216,076
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, after ten years	1,028,920
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, securities not due on a single maturity date	2,138,652
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, other securities (no maturity)	256
Amortized Cost	3,509,709	4,331,413
Available-for-sale, fair value, one year or less	10,115
Available-for-sale, fair value, after one through five years	114,069
Available-for-sale, fair value, after five through ten years	190,533
Available-for-sale, fair value, after ten years	896,873
Available-for-sale, fair value, securities not due on a single maturity date	1,940,307
Available-for-sale, fair value, other securities (no maturity)	256
Available-for-sale, fair value, total	$ 3,152,153	$ 3,852,854

Other Assets and Other Liabil_2

Other Assets and Other Liabilities Held for Sale (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 19, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2021 USD ($) branch
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on sale of business	$ 5,300,000
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Outstanding other assets and other liabilities held for sale		$ 0
Illinois Branch
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of branches sold | branch					4
Illinois Branch | Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loans held for sale					$ 354,000
Deposit held for sale					$ 137,900,000
Gain on sale of business	$ 5,300,000
Spirit Acquisition
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loans acquired, after acquisition method adjustments			$ 35,200,000	$ 2,290,000,000

Loans and Allowance for Credi_3

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Narrative (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 08, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) loan payment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans		$ 16,845,670,000	$ 16,142,124,000
Deferred origination fees, net		6,700,000	26,400,000
Financing receivable, accrued interest excluded from amortized costs		77,100,000	65,400,000
Nonaccrual loans with no allowance for credit loss		$ 3,200,000	$ 16,900,000
Number of loan modifications | loan			4
Number of loan modifications with payment default | loan		0
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned		$ 4,073,000	$ 2,887,000
Financing receivable, troubled debt restructuring, premodification			760,000
Financial impact on date of restructure			$ 0
Number of loans with subsequent default | loan			1
TDR loan, payment default			$ 7,800
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount		144,604,000	70,926,000
Unfunded commitments		(16,300,000)	19,453,000	$ 0
Provision for credit loss expense		(47,424,000)	5,379,000	31,209,000
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Deferred origination fees, net		$ 1,377,000
Off-balance sheet, credit loss, liability, credit loss expense (reversal)			30,300,000
Minimum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, term of loan		1 year
Maximum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, term of loan		3 years
Residential Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in process of foreclosure, amount		$ 2,500,000	3,000,000
OREO Received in Full or Partial Satisfaction of Loans | Residential Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned		506,000	$ 853,000
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications | loan			37
Provision for credit loss expense		(47,424,000)	$ 5,379,000	31,209,000
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Restaurant, hospitality, student housing and office space
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Provision for credit loss expense			16,000,000
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans		13,338,186,000	$ 12,581,262,000
Number of loan modifications | loan			4
Financing receivable, troubled debt restructuring, premodification			$ 760,000
Financial impact on date of restructure			0
Real Estate | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Deferred origination fees, net		998,000
Real Estate | OREO Received in Full or Partial Satisfaction of Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, troubled debt restructuring, premodification			$ 0
Real Estate | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications | loan			36
Provision for credit loss expense		(36,381,000)	$ 34,456,000	7,918,000
Unfunded commitments
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Off-balance sheet, credit loss, liability, credit loss expense (reversal)		16,300,000	16,000,000	0
Unfunded commitments, allowance for credit loss		25,600,000	41,900,000
Unfunded commitments | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Off-balance sheet, credit loss, liability, credit loss expense (reversal)	$ 3,500,000
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans		$ 2,722,886,000	$ 2,837,913,000
Number of loan modifications | loan		1
Number of interest only loan payments | payment		2
Commercial | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Deferred origination fees, net		$ 378,000
Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications | loan			1
Provision for credit loss expense		(5,934,000)	$ (22,412,000)	$ 22,031,000
Paycheck Protection Program Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans		4,800,000	8,900,000
Other commercial | Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans		7,552,410,000	7,468,498,000
Charge-off		9,600,000
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount		$ 76,229,000	$ 65,450,000

Loans and Allowance for Credi_4

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loan Portfolio by Categories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	$ 16,845,670	$ 16,142,124
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	318,666	349,810
Consumer | Credit cards
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	191,204	196,928
Consumer | Other consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	127,462	152,882
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	13,338,186	12,581,262
Real Estate | Construction and development
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	3,144,220	2,566,649
Real Estate | Single family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	2,641,556	2,546,115
Real Estate | Other commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	7,552,410	7,468,498
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	2,722,886	2,837,913
Commercial | Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	2,490,176	2,632,290
Commercial | Agricultural
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	232,710	205,623
Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	$ 465,932	$ 373,139

Loans and Allowance for Credi_5

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Nonaccrual Loans, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	$ 83,325	$ 58,434
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	1,076	782
Consumer | Credit cards
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	487	349
Consumer | Other consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	589	433
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	41,626	40,116
Real Estate | Construction and development
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	2,457	2,799
Real Estate | Single family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	27,209	22,319
Real Estate | Other commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	11,960	14,998
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	40,620	17,533
Commercial | Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	39,886	17,356
Commercial | Agricultural
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	734	177
Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	$ 3	$ 3

Loans and Allowance for Credi_6

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Age Analysis of Past Due Loans, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	$ 16,845,670	$ 16,142,124
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	1,147	507
Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	55,666	38,416
90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	42,701	26,886
Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	98,367	65,302
Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	16,747,303	16,076,822
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	318,666	349,810
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	791	225
Consumer | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	3,205	2,149
Consumer | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	1,108	623
Consumer | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	4,313	2,772
Consumer | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	314,353	347,038
Consumer | Credit cards
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	191,204	196,928
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	791	225
Consumer | Credit cards | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	1,734	1,297
Consumer | Credit cards | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	892	409
Consumer | Credit cards | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,626	1,706
Consumer | Credit cards | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	188,578	195,222
Consumer | Other consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	127,462	152,882
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Consumer | Other consumer | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	1,471	852
Consumer | Other consumer | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	216	214
Consumer | Other consumer | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	1,687	1,066
Consumer | Other consumer | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	125,775	151,816
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	13,338,186	12,581,262
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	7	106
Real Estate | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	38,570	31,061
Real Estate | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	18,324	18,618
Real Estate | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	56,894	49,679
Real Estate | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	13,281,292	12,531,583
Real Estate | Construction and development
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	3,144,220	2,566,649
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Real Estate | Construction and development | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	3,171	4,677
Real Estate | Construction and development | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,190	443
Real Estate | Construction and development | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	5,361	5,120
Real Estate | Construction and development | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	3,138,859	2,561,529
Real Estate | Single family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,641,556	2,546,115
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	7	106
Real Estate | Single family residential | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	30,697	23,625
Real Estate | Single family residential | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	12,522	11,075
Real Estate | Single family residential | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	43,219	34,700
Real Estate | Single family residential | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,598,337	2,511,415
Real Estate | Other commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	7,552,410	7,468,498
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Real Estate | Other commercial | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	4,702	2,759
Real Estate | Other commercial | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	3,612	7,100
Real Estate | Other commercial | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	8,314	9,859
Real Estate | Other commercial | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	7,544,096	7,458,639
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,722,886	2,837,913
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	349	176
Commercial | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	13,891	5,145
Commercial | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	23,266	7,642
Commercial | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	37,157	12,787
Commercial | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,685,729	2,825,126
Commercial | Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,490,176	2,632,290
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	349	176
Commercial | Commercial | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	13,799	5,034
Commercial | Commercial | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	22,750	7,575
Commercial | Commercial | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	36,549	12,609
Commercial | Commercial | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	2,453,627	2,619,681
Commercial | Agricultural
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	232,710	205,623
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Commercial | Agricultural | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	92	111
Commercial | Agricultural | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	516	67
Commercial | Agricultural | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	608	178
Commercial | Agricultural | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	232,102	205,445
Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	465,932	373,139
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Other | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	0	61
Other | 90 Days or More Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	3	3
Other | Total Past Due
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	3	64
Other | Current
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total Loans	$ 465,929	$ 373,075

Loans and Allowance for Credi_7

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Amortized Cost Basis of Loan Modifications Granted (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Rate Reduction	$ 79
Term Extension	31,239
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Rate Reduction	79
Term Extension	30,493
Real Estate | Single family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Rate Reduction	$ 79
Percent of Total Class of Loans	0%
Term Extension	$ 0
Percent of total class of loans	0%
Real Estate | Other commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Rate Reduction	$ 0
Percent of Total Class of Loans	0%
Term Extension	$ 30,493
Percent of total class of loans	0.40%
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Rate Reduction	$ 0
Term Extension	746
Commercial | Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Rate Reduction	$ 0
Percent of Total Class of Loans	0%
Term Extension	$ 746
Percent of total class of loans	0.03%

Loans and Allowance for Credi_8

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Troubled Debt Restructurings, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 loan	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		4
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		37
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 3,471
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		24
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 1,849
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		13
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 1,622
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		4
Real Estate | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		36
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 3,438
Real Estate | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		24
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 1,849
Real Estate | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		12
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 1,589
Real Estate | Single family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		4
Real Estate | Single family residential | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		36
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 3,438
Real Estate | Single family residential | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		24
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 1,849
Real Estate | Single family residential | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		12
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 1,589
Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans	1
Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		1
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 33
Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		0
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 0
Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		1
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 33
Commercial | Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		1
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 33
Commercial | Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		0
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 0
Commercial | Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of Loans		1
Troubled debt, balance | $		$ 33

Loans and Allowance for Credi_9

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Restructured as TDRs, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications | loan	4
Balance Prior to TDR	$ 760,000
Financial Impact on Date of Restructure	$ 0
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications | loan	4
Balance Prior to TDR	$ 760,000
Balance	730,000
Financial Impact on Date of Restructure	0
Real Estate | Change in Maturity Date
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Balance	0
Real Estate | Change in Rate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Balance	$ 730,000
Real Estate | Single family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications | loan	4
Balance Prior to TDR	$ 760,000
Balance	730,000
Financial Impact on Date of Restructure	0
Real Estate | Single family residential | Change in Maturity Date
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Balance	0
Real Estate | Single family residential | Change in Rate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Balance	$ 730,000

Loans and Allowance for Cred_10

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans by Credit Risk Rating, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	$ 16,845,670	$ 16,142,124
Loans other than pass or current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	1,908,526	3,788,551
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	3,035,484	2,387,165
Two years before current fiscal year	1,933,242	1,385,727
Three years before current fiscal year	1,016,625	475,113
Four years before current fiscal year	348,461	449,978
Five years before current fiscal year	1,056,142	995,490
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	7,546,121	6,608,013
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	1,069	52,087
Total	16,845,670	16,142,124
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	318,666	349,810
Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	191,204	196,928
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	5,303
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	5,303
Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	127,462	152,882
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	220
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	826
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	493
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	79
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	29
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	128
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	449
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	2,224
Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	13,338,186	12,581,262
Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	3,144,220	2,566,649
Real Estate | Construction and development | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	138,749	237,304
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	143,711	68,916
Two years before current fiscal year	52,081	50,912
Three years before current fiscal year	45,027	16,920
Four years before current fiscal year	10,278	13,625
Five years before current fiscal year	13,632	9,611
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	2,710,853	2,163,776
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	504	334
Total	3,114,835	2,561,398
Real Estate | Construction and development | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,143	0
Two years before current fiscal year	7,284	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	396	41
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	16,682	1,342
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	25,505	1,383
Real Estate | Construction and development | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	1,091
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	101	116
Two years before current fiscal year	48	36
Three years before current fiscal year	0	13
Four years before current fiscal year	0	31
Five years before current fiscal year	247	103
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	3,484	2,478
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	3,880	3,868
Real Estate | Construction and development | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
Real Estate | Construction and development | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	138,749	238,395
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	144,955	69,032
Two years before current fiscal year	59,413	50,948
Three years before current fiscal year	45,027	16,933
Four years before current fiscal year	10,278	13,656
Five years before current fiscal year	14,275	9,755
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	2,731,019	2,167,596
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	504	334
Total	3,144,220	2,566,649
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	1,148
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	8
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	349
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	1,505
Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,641,556	2,546,115
Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	7,552,410	7,468,498
Real Estate | Other commercial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	729,602	1,917,352
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,651,010	1,482,049
Two years before current fiscal year	1,237,810	768,630
Three years before current fiscal year	621,595	254,986
Four years before current fiscal year	171,230	179,729
Five years before current fiscal year	417,122	428,027
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	2,333,637	2,093,379
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	19,469
Total	7,162,006	7,143,621
Real Estate | Other commercial | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	37,302	19,538
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	8,458	32,831
Two years before current fiscal year	10,149	38,821
Three years before current fiscal year	7,844	206
Four years before current fiscal year	1,364	2,261
Five years before current fiscal year	11,604	20,741
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	84,978	104,431
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	161,699	218,829
Real Estate | Other commercial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	40,664	24,639
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	10,290	3,399
Two years before current fiscal year	4,495	27,399
Three years before current fiscal year	16,646	2,544
Four years before current fiscal year	6,293	2,026
Five years before current fiscal year	9,861	15,217
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	140,454	30,824
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	228,703	106,048
Real Estate | Other commercial | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	2	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	2	0
Real Estate | Other commercial | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	807,568	1,961,529
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,669,758	1,518,279
Two years before current fiscal year	1,252,454	834,850
Three years before current fiscal year	646,087	257,736
Four years before current fiscal year	178,887	184,016
Five years before current fiscal year	438,587	463,985
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	2,559,069	2,228,634
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	19,469
Total	7,552,410	7,468,498
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	7
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	2
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	35
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	9,731
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	9,775
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,722,886	2,837,913
Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,490,176	2,632,290
Commercial | Commercial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	440,872	595,256
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	354,016	300,650
Two years before current fiscal year	200,941	168,539
Three years before current fiscal year	67,320	41,924
Four years before current fiscal year	27,374	31,329
Five years before current fiscal year	42,953	35,447
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,271,826	1,401,402
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	24,940
Total	2,405,302	2,599,487
Commercial | Commercial | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	157	199
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	14,117	1,700
Two years before current fiscal year	316	11
Three years before current fiscal year	367	32
Four years before current fiscal year	98	0
Five years before current fiscal year	889	927
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	8,228	2,708
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	80
Total	24,172	5,657
Commercial | Commercial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	1,998	5,257
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	11,874	2,435
Two years before current fiscal year	6,272	3,328
Three years before current fiscal year	2,934	802
Four years before current fiscal year	1,722	891
Five years before current fiscal year	3,392	1,290
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	32,510	11,337
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	1,805
Total	60,702	27,145
Commercial | Commercial | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	1
Total	0	1
Commercial | Commercial | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	443,027	600,712
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	380,007	304,785
Two years before current fiscal year	207,529	171,878
Three years before current fiscal year	70,621	42,758
Four years before current fiscal year	29,194	32,220
Five years before current fiscal year	47,234	37,664
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,312,564	1,415,447
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	26,826
Total	2,490,176	2,632,290
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	463
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	2,081
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	778
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	197
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	244
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	815
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,351
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	5,929
Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	232,710	205,623
Commercial | Agricultural | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	39,680	44,377
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	30,075	22,901
Two years before current fiscal year	13,940	12,044
Three years before current fiscal year	6,280	4,483
Four years before current fiscal year	2,071	1,029
Five years before current fiscal year	303	369
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	134,180	119,342
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	310
Total	226,529	204,855
Commercial | Agricultural | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	363	8
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	733	0
Two years before current fiscal year	1,068	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	3,257	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	5,421	8
Commercial | Agricultural | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	518	55
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	37	8
Two years before current fiscal year	71	78
Three years before current fiscal year	104	49
Four years before current fiscal year	26	10
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	4	560
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	760	760
Commercial | Agricultural | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
Commercial | Agricultural | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	40,561	44,440
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	30,845	22,909
Two years before current fiscal year	15,079	12,122
Three years before current fiscal year	6,384	4,532
Four years before current fiscal year	2,097	1,039
Five years before current fiscal year	303	369
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	137,441	119,902
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	310
Total	232,710	205,623
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	7
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	26
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	33
Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	465,932	373,139
Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	16,747,303	16,076,822
Current | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	314,353	347,038
Current | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	188,578	195,222
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	188,578	195,222
Current | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	55,091	86,303
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	35,904	26,339
Two years before current fiscal year	12,115	10,071
Three years before current fiscal year	3,838	3,804
Four years before current fiscal year	1,471	2,671
Five years before current fiscal year	1,106	2,275
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	16,250	20,350
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	3
Total	125,775	151,816
Current | Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	13,281,292	12,531,583
Current | Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	3,138,859	2,561,529
Current | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	371,326	700,976
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	620,933	411,885
Two years before current fiscal year	352,589	295,365
Three years before current fiscal year	238,128	141,608
Four years before current fiscal year	121,416	192,176
Five years before current fiscal year	504,675	440,931
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	388,705	324,282
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	565	4,192
Total	2,598,337	2,511,415
Current | Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	7,544,096	7,458,639
Current | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,685,729	2,825,126
Current | Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,453,627	2,619,681
Current | Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	232,102	205,445
Current | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	45,234	152,086
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	144,732	29,362
Two years before current fiscal year	28,413	8,181
Three years before current fiscal year	2,543	4,742
Four years before current fiscal year	3,255	20,018
Five years before current fiscal year	36,719	25,349
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	205,033	132,384
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	953
Total	465,929	373,075
30-89 days past due | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,734	1,297
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	1,734	1,297
30-89 days past due | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	400	298
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	719	241
Two years before current fiscal year	127	135
Three years before current fiscal year	53	13
Four years before current fiscal year	2	34
Five years before current fiscal year	16	119
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	154	12
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	1,471	852
30-89 days past due | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	5,222	3,105
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	5,061	3,415
Two years before current fiscal year	3,667	1,290
Three years before current fiscal year	2,283	2,018
Four years before current fiscal year	1,741	3,129
Five years before current fiscal year	9,759	8,626
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	2,964	2,042
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	30,697	23,625
30-89 days past due | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	61
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	61
90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	42,701	26,886
90+ days past due | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	1,108	623
90+ days past due | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	892	409
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	892	409
90+ days past due | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	35	121
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	127	47
Two years before current fiscal year	46	2
Three years before current fiscal year	0	1
Four years before current fiscal year	0	2
Five years before current fiscal year	0	41
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	8	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	216	214
90+ days past due | Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	18,324	18,618
90+ days past due | Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,190	443
90+ days past due | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	1,313	586
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,443	871
Two years before current fiscal year	1,810	885
Three years before current fiscal year	1,661	968
Four years before current fiscal year	120	1,017
Five years before current fiscal year	3,465	6,312
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,710	436
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	12,522	11,075
90+ days past due | Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	3,612	7,100
90+ days past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	23,266	7,642
90+ days past due | Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	22,750	7,575
90+ days past due | Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	516	67
90+ days past due | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	3	3
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	3	3
30 + days past due | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	191,204	196,928
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	191,204	196,928
30 + days past due | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	55,526	86,722
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	36,750	26,627
Two years before current fiscal year	12,288	10,208
Three years before current fiscal year	3,891	3,818
Four years before current fiscal year	1,473	2,707
Five years before current fiscal year	1,122	2,435
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	16,412	20,362
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	3
Total	127,462	152,882
30 + days past due | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	377,861	704,667
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	628,437	416,171
Two years before current fiscal year	358,066	297,540
Three years before current fiscal year	242,072	144,594
Four years before current fiscal year	123,277	196,322
Five years before current fiscal year	517,899	455,869
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	393,379	326,760
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	565	4,192
Total	2,641,556	2,546,115
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	111
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	12
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	73
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	677
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	232
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	1,105
30 + days past due | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	45,234	152,086
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	144,732	29,362
Two years before current fiscal year	28,413	8,181
Three years before current fiscal year	2,543	4,742
Four years before current fiscal year	3,255	20,018
Five years before current fiscal year	36,722	25,413
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	205,033	132,384
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	953
Total	465,932	$ 373,139
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 1	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 2	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 3	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 4	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , Year 5	0
Current-period consumer - credit cards gross charge-offs , After Year 5	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	298
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0
Total	$ 298

Loans and Allowance for Cred_11

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Collateral Dependent Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	$ 144,604	$ 70,926
Real Estate Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	123,925	67,606
Other Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	20,679	3,320
Real Estate | Construction and development
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	43,826	2,156
Real Estate | Construction and development | Real Estate Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	43,826	2,156
Real Estate | Construction and development | Other Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Real Estate | Single family residential
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	3,870	0
Real Estate | Single family residential | Real Estate Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	3,870	0
Real Estate | Single family residential | Other Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Real Estate | Other commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	76,229	65,450
Real Estate | Other commercial | Real Estate Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	76,229	65,450
Real Estate | Other commercial | Other Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Commercial | Commercial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	20,679	3,320
Commercial | Commercial | Real Estate Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Commercial | Commercial | Other Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	$ 20,679	$ 3,320

Loans and Allowance for Cred_12

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses, by Portfolio Segment, for the Current Year (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 196,955
Provision for credit loss expense	47,424	$ (5,379)	$ (31,209)
Balance, end of period	225,231	196,955
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	196,955	205,332	238,050
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans		9,622	13,451
Provision for credit loss expense	47,424	(5,379)	(31,209)
Charge-offs	(26,172)	(24,130)	(26,982)
Recoveries	7,024	11,510	12,022
Net charge-offs	(19,148)	(12,620)	(14,960)
Balance, end of period	225,231	196,955	205,332
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Other Consumer and Other
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	6,614	4,617	5,617
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans		2	1
Provision for credit loss expense	86	2,674	(352)
Charge-offs	(2,522)	(1,876)	(2,053)
Recoveries	1,538	1,197	1,404
Net charge-offs	(984)	(679)	(649)
Balance, end of period	5,716	6,614	4,617
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Commercial
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	34,406	17,458	42,093
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans		6,433	3,349
Provision for credit loss expense	5,934	22,412	(22,031)
Charge-offs	(5,962)	(14,270)	(10,613)
Recoveries	2,092	2,373	4,660
Net charge-offs	(3,870)	(11,897)	(5,953)
Balance, end of period	36,470	34,406	17,458
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Real Estate
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	150,795	179,270	182,868
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans		3,187	10,101
Provision for credit loss expense	36,381	(34,456)	(7,918)
Charge-offs	(12,385)	(4,122)	(10,691)
Recoveries	2,386	6,916	4,910
Net charge-offs	(9,999)	2,794	(5,781)
Balance, end of period	177,177	150,795	179,270
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Consumer | Credit Card
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	5,140	3,987	7,472
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans		0	0
Provision for credit loss expense	5,023	3,991	(908)
Charge-offs	(5,303)	(3,862)	(3,625)
Recoveries	1,008	1,024	1,048
Net charge-offs	(4,295)	(2,838)	(2,577)
Balance, end of period	$ 5,868	$ 5,140	$ 3,987

Loans and Allowance for Cred_13

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Provision for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Receivables [Abstract]
Loans	$ 47,424	$ (5,379)	$ (31,209)
Unfunded commitments	(16,300)	19,453	0
Securities - HTM	1,826	0	(1,183)
Securities - AFS	9,078	0	(312)
Total	$ 42,028	$ 14,074	$ (32,704)

Loans and Allowance for Cred_14

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - PCD Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Non-credit related discount	$ (6,700)	$ (26,400)
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	74,851
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(9,622)
Non-credit related discount	(1,377)
Fair value of PCD loans	63,852
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	8,258
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(6,433)
Non-credit related discount	(378)
Fair value of PCD loans	1,447
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	66,534
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(3,187)
Non-credit related discount	(998)
Fair value of PCD loans	62,349
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	0
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	0
Fair value of PCD loans	0
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Other Consumer and Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	59
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2)
Non-credit related discount	(1)
Fair value of PCD loans	56
Landmark Bank
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	66,662
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,359)
Non-credit related discount	(2,577)
Fair value of PCD loans	61,726
Landmark Bank | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	11,046
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(350)
Non-credit related discount	(160)
Fair value of PCD loans	10,536
Landmark Bank | Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	55,549
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,008)
Non-credit related discount	(2,415)
Fair value of PCD loans	51,126
Landmark Bank | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	0
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	0
Fair value of PCD loans	0
Landmark Bank | Other Consumer and Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	67
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(1)
Non-credit related discount	(2)
Fair value of PCD loans	64
Triumph
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	121,284
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(11,092)
Non-credit related discount	(1,594)
Fair value of PCD loans	108,598
Triumph | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	40,466
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,999)
Non-credit related discount	(279)
Fair value of PCD loans	37,188
Triumph | Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	80,803
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(8,093)
Non-credit related discount	(1,314)
Fair value of PCD loans	71,396
Triumph | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	0
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	0
Fair value of PCD loans	0
Triumph | Other Consumer and Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	15
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	(1)
Fair value of PCD loans	$ 14

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and_3

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities - Lease Expense and Supplemental Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use lease assets	$ 67,267	$ 46,845
Lease liabilities	$ 68,788	$ 47,850
Weighted average remaining lease term	8 years 9 months 21 days	6 years 8 months 8 days
Weighted average discount rate	3.52%	2.41%
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Property, Plant, and Equipment and Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	Property, Plant, and Equipment and Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued interest and other liabilities	Accrued interest and other liabilities

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and_4

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 15.7	$ 14.2	$ 11.5

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and_5

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
2024	$ 13,064
2025	11,212
2026	10,147
2027	7,732
2028	6,792
Thereafter	33,044
Total undiscounted minimum lease payments	81,991
Less: Net present value adjustment	13,203
Lease liability included in other liabilities	$ 68,788	$ 47,850

Premises and Equipment (Details

Premises and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Right-of-use lease assets	$ 67,267	$ 46,845
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(194,874)	(199,976)
Total premises and equipment, net	570,678	548,741
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	122,093	122,841
Buildings and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	388,675	370,530
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	112,133	122,029
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	61,242	70,984
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	$ 14,142	$ 15,488

Goodwill and Other Intangible_3

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended					12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,320,799,000		$ 1,319,598,000			$ 1,320,799,000	$ 1,319,598,000
Goodwill increase						1,200,000
Goodwill impairment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	$ 0
Amortization of intangibles						$ 16,306,000	15,915,000	13,494,000
Minimum
Goodwill [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	8 years					8 years
Maximum
Goodwill [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	15 years					15 years
Core Deposit Premium
Goodwill [Line Items]
Amortization of intangibles						$ 14,672,000	14,346,000	12,100,000
Core Deposit Premium | Minimum
Goodwill [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	10 years					10 years
Core Deposit Premium | Maximum
Goodwill [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)	15 years					15 years
Books of Business Intangible
Goodwill [Line Items]
Amortization of intangibles						$ 1,634,000	$ 1,569,000	$ 1,400,000

Goodwill and Other Intangible_4

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Goodwill and Other Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period	$ 128,951
Amortization of intangibles	(16,306)	$ (15,915)	$ (13,494)
Core deposit premiums, end of period	112,645	128,951
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period	36,500
Core deposit premiums, end of period		36,500
Core Deposit Premium
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period	116,016	93,862
Acquisitions	0	36,500
Amortization of intangibles	(14,672)	(14,346)	(12,100)
Core deposit premiums, end of period	101,344	116,016	93,862
Books of Business Intangible
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period	12,935	12,373
Acquisitions	0	2,131
Amortization of intangibles	(1,634)	(1,569)	(1,400)
Core deposit premiums, end of period	$ 11,301	$ 12,935	$ 12,373

Goodwill and Other Intangible_5

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill and Other Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Total	$ 112,645	$ 128,951
Core Deposit Premium
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	187,467	189,996
Accumulated amortization	(86,123)	(73,980)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Total	101,344	116,016	$ 93,862
Books of Business Intangible
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	22,068	22,068
Accumulated amortization	(10,767)	(9,133)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Total	$ 11,301	$ 12,935	$ 12,373

Goodwill and Other Intangible_6

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 15,403
2025	12,819
2026	12,346
2027	12,218
2028	11,312
Thereafter	48,547
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Total	$ 112,645	$ 128,951

Time Deposits (Details)

Time Deposits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]
Time deposits certificates over $250,000	$ 1,730,000	$ 1,080,000
Interest-bearing domestic deposit, brokered	2,900,000	2,750,000
2024	6,089,586
2025	287,651
2026	56,173
2027	6,705
2028	5,125
Thereafter	1,433
Total	$ 6,446,673	$ 4,768,558

Income Taxes - Provision for In

Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income taxes currently payable	$ 28,006	$ 35,215	$ 50,369
Deferred income taxes	(2,460)	14,933	10,937
Provision for income taxes	$ 25,546	$ 50,148	$ 61,306

Income Taxes - Tax Effects of T

Income Taxes - Tax Effects of Temporary Differences Related to Deferred Taxes Included in Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Loans acquired	$ 3,644	$ 5,846
Allowance for credit losses	53,445	47,145
Valuation of foreclosed assets	480	523
Tax NOLs from acquisition	9,643	10,962
Deferred compensation payable	3,355	3,867
Accrued equity and other compensation	8,048	8,153
Acquired securities	7,569	7,651
Right-of-use lease liability	16,501	11,641
Unrealized loss on AFS securities	143,624	177,839
Allowance for unfunded commitments	6,148	10,200
Other	7,627	4,173
Gross deferred tax assets	260,084	288,000
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangible amortization	(41,174)	(44,539)
Accumulated depreciation	(24,632)	(24,288)
Right-of-use lease asset	(16,136)	(11,396)
Unrealized gain on swaps	(25,371)	(25,836)
Other	(10,995)	(8,875)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(118,308)	(114,934)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 141,776	$ 173,066

Income Taxes - Reconciliation o

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Computed at the statutory rate	$ 42,127	$ 64,378	$ 69,807
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	(983)	3,249	4,452
Discrete items related to share-based compensation	596	(74)	(17)
Tax exempt interest income	(15,357)	(14,484)	(11,510)
Tax exempt earnings on bank owned life insurance	(2,607)	(1,918)	(1,212)
Federal tax credits	(218)	(1,708)	(2,260)
Other differences, net	1,988	705	2,046
Provision for income taxes	$ 25,546	$ 50,148	$ 61,306

Income Taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) tax-freeReorganization
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Number of tax-free reorganization transactions | tax-freeReorganization	4
Earliest Tax Year | U.S. Federal
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Open tax year	2020
Earliest Tax Year | State
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Open tax year	2020
Metropolitan
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating losses | $	$ 39.4

Securities Sold Under Agreeme_3

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]
Repurchase agreements	$ 67.6	$ 152.4

Securities Sold Under Agreeme_4

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Contractual Maturity of the Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 67,600	$ 152,400
U.S. Government agencies
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	67,569	152,403
U.S. Government agencies | Overnight and Continuous
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	67,569	152,403
U.S. Government agencies | Up to 30 Days
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	0	0
U.S. Government agencies | 30-90 Days
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	0	0
U.S. Government agencies | Greater than 90 Days
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 0	$ 0

Other Borrowings and Subordin_3

Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures - Debt Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 1,338,507	$ 1,225,285
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2024 to 2033, 4.56% to 5.68%, secured by real estate loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 953,222	838,487
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2024 to 2033, 4.56% to 5.68%, secured by real estate loans | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)		4.56%
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2024 to 2033, 4.56% to 5.68%, secured by real estate loans | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)		5.68%
Other long-term debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 19,144	20,809
Total other borrowings
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 972,366	859,296
Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)	5%	5%
Subordinated Debt | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)	2.15%
Subordinated Debt | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		0.2616%
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly)(1)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 330,000	330,000
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly)(1) | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		2.15%
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 37,171	37,285
Fixed rate (as percent)		6%
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		5.92%
Total subordinated notes and debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 366,141	365,989
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ (1,030)	$ (1,296)

Other Borrowings and Subordin_4

Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures - Narrative (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) issuance	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks			$ 953,200,000	$ 838,500,000
Mortgage loans and investment securities securing FHLB advances			6,940,000,000
Additional advances from Federal Home Loan Bank			5,400,000,000
Early retirement of debt			$ 0	(365,000)	$ 0
Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt	$ 330,000,000
Debt instrument, interest rate	5%		5%
Offering price, percent	100%
Debt issuance costs	$ 3,600,000
Subordinated Debt | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)	2.15%
Subordinated Debt | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)			0.2616%
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate			6%
Long-term debt, gross			$ 37,171,000	$ 37,285,000
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate			6%
Long-term debt, gross			$ 37,400,000
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)			5.92%
Subordinated Debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | SOFR | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)			5.92%
Trust Preferred Securities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt		$ 56,200,000
Number of issuances of trust | issuance		5
Early retirement of debt		$ 365,000

Other Borrowings and Subordin_5

Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures - Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 1,822
2025	1,822
2026	1,824
2027	1,920
2028	332,210
Thereafter	48,909
Total	$ 388,507

Capital Stock (Details)

Capital Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Apr. 27, 2022	Apr. 26, 2022	Jan. 31, 2022	Jul. 23, 2021	Jul. 22, 2021	Oct. 29, 2019	Feb. 27, 2009
Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)										40,040,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)										$ 0.01
Preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference (cap removed)				$ 80
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	350,000,000	350,000,000
Stock repurchases (in shares)	2,257,049	4,432,762	4,562,469
Share Repurchase Program, 2019
Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee [Line Items]
Stock repurchases (in shares)		513,725
Stock repurchases, average price (in dollars per share)		$ 31.25
Share Repurchase Program, 2022
Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee [Line Items]
Stock repurchases (in shares)	2,257,049	3,919,037
Stock repurchases, average price (in dollars per share)	$ 17.72	$ 24.26
Common Class A
Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)				350,000,000	175,000,000
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)						175,000,000	276,500,000	180,000,000
Reliance Bancshares, Inc. | Series D Preferred Stock
Subsidiary or Equity Method Investee [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)									$ 0.01

Transactions With Related Par_3

Transactions With Related Parties - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Executive Officers and Directors
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Extensions of credit	$ 3,207	$ 3,672	$ 6,216

Transactions With Related Par_4

Transactions With Related Parties - Related Party Transactions, Extensions of Credit (Details) - Executive Officers and Directors - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable, Related Parties [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 3,672	$ 6,216
New extensions of credit	100	180
Repayments	(565)	(2,724)
Balance, end of year	$ 3,207	$ 3,672

Employee Benefit Plans - Narrat

Employee Benefit Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Employer matching contribution, percent of match for first 3% of compensation	100%
Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay, first 3%	3%
Employer matching contribution, percent of match for the next 2% of compensation	50%
Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay, next 2%	2%
Employer matching contribution, percent of match total	4%
Employer matching contribution, percent of employees' gross pay total	5%
Employee stock ownership plan, contribution expense	$ 11,900,000	$ 13,000,000	$ 13,900,000
Deferred compensation expense	$ 316,000	2,200,000	2,700,000
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase price of common stock (as percent)	95%
Options exercisable, intrinsic value	$ 0
Options outstanding, intrinsic value	0
Allocated stock-based compensation expense	12,200,000	$ 15,300,000	$ 15,900,000
Compensation not yet recognized, stock options	0
Compensation not yet recognized, share-based awards other than options	$ 14,500,000
Compensation cost not yet recognized, period for recognition	1 year 4 months 24 days
Options outstanding, intrinsic value	$ 0
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 19.84
Options, exercises in period (in shares)	900	2,750	184,888
Options, exercises in period, intrinsic value	$ 8,000	$ 0	$ 1,300,000
Options, grants in period, gross (in shares)	0	0	0
Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2015
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Maximum annual contributions per employee, amount	$ 25,000
Service period	6 months
Special Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2015
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Maximum annual contributions per employee, amount	$ 10,000
Purchase price of common stock (as percent)	85%

Employee Benefit Plans - Stock

Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Compensation Plans (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Stock options outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	470,000	473,000	658,000
Stock options outstanding number of shares, granted (in shares)	0	0	0
Stock options outstanding number of shares, stock options exercised (in shares)	(900)	(2,750)	(184,888)
Stock options outstanding number of shares, forfeited/expired (in shares)	(22,000)	0	0
Stock options outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	447,000	470,000	473,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Stock options outstanding weighted average exercise price, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 22.56	$ 22.50	$ 22.48
Stock options outstanding weighted average exercise price, granted (in dollars per share)	0	0	0
Stock options outstanding weighted average exercise price, exercised (in dollars per share)	10.65	13.30	22.42
Stock options outstanding weighted average exercise price, forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)	22.87	0	0
Stock options outstanding weighted average exercise price, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 22.56	$ 22.56	$ 22.50
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Stock options outstanding number of shares, exercisable (in shares)	447,000
Stock options outstanding weighted average exercise price, exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 22.56
Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	0	2,000	5,000
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, granted (in shares)	0	0	0
Stock options outstanding number of shares, stock awards/units vested (in shares)	0	(2,000)	(3,000)
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, forfeited/expired (in shares)			0
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	0	0	2,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 22.20
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, granted (in dollars per share)	0	0	0
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, vested (in dollars per share)	0	22.20	22.48
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)			0
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 22.20	$ 22.35
Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	1,197,000	1,185,000	1,032,000
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, granted (in shares)	798,000	719,000	674,000
Stock options outstanding number of shares, stock awards/units vested (in shares)	(490,000)	(609,000)	(434,000)
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, forfeited/expired (in shares)	(232,000)	(98,000)	(87,000)
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	1,273,000	1,197,000	1,185,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 24.23	$ 26.63	$ 26.51
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, granted (in dollars per share)	21.15	26.42	28.94
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, vested (in dollars per share)	24.73	26.30	25.61
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)	24.81	25.68	25.86
Stock awards/units outstanding weighted average grant-date fair-value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 26.63	$ 26.51	$ 24.53
Performance Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	352,000	331,000	222,000
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, granted (in shares)	302,000	184,000	171,000
Stock options outstanding number of shares, stock awards/units vested (in shares)	(72,000)	(149,000)	(57,000)
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, forfeited/expired (in shares)	(90,000)	(14,000)	(5,000)
Stock awards/units outstanding number of shares, balance (in shares)	492,000	352,000	331,000

Employee Benefit Plans - Stoc_2

Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Options Outstanding by Range of Exercise Prices (Details) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 20.29
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07
Number of outstanding options (in shares) | shares	447
Outstanding options, weighted average remaining contractual term	1 year 5 months 12 days
Outstanding options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.56
Number of exercisable options (in shares) | shares	447
Exercisable options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.56
Range 01
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	20.29
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 20.29
Number of outstanding options (in shares) | shares	47
Outstanding options, weighted average remaining contractual term	10 months 24 days
Outstanding options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.29
Number of exercisable options (in shares) | shares	47
Exercisable options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.29
Range 02
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	22.20
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20
Number of outstanding options (in shares) | shares	51
Outstanding options, weighted average remaining contractual term	1 year 2 months 26 days
Outstanding options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20
Number of exercisable options (in shares) | shares	51
Exercisable options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20
Range 03
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	22.75
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 22.75
Number of outstanding options (in shares) | shares	274
Outstanding options, weighted average remaining contractual term	1 year 5 months 15 days
Outstanding options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.75
Number of exercisable options (in shares) | shares	274
Exercisable options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.75
Range 04
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	23.51
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 23.51
Number of outstanding options (in shares) | shares	68
Outstanding options, weighted average remaining contractual term	1 year 10 months 20 days
Outstanding options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 23.51
Number of exercisable options (in shares) | shares	68
Exercisable options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 23.51
Range 05
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Exercise price range, lower range limit (in dollars per share)	24.07
Exercise price range, upper range limit (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07
Number of outstanding options (in shares) | shares	7
Outstanding options, weighted average remaining contractual term	1 year 8 months 15 days
Outstanding options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07
Number of exercisable options (in shares) | shares	7
Exercisable options, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07

Additional Cash Flow Informat_3

Additional Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Significant Noncash Transactions [Line Items]
Interest paid	$ 540,816	$ 134,980	$ 82,914
Income taxes paid	20,948	25,084	55,202
Transfer of premises held for sale to other real estate owned	0	0	4,368
Transfer of premises held for sale to premises	0	0	5,610
Transfers of available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities	0	1,992,542	500,809
Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets held for sale
Other Significant Noncash Transactions [Line Items]
Transfers of loans and premises	3,075	1,219	4,322
Transfers of assets held for sale to other assets
Other Significant Noncash Transactions [Line Items]
Transfers of loans and premises	$ 0	$ 100	$ 0

Other Income and Other Operat_3

Other Income and Other Operating Expenses - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other income	$ 35,398	$ 27,361	$ 35,273
Other income, legal reserve recapture	$ 4,000
Gain on sale of business			$ 5,300

Other Income and Other Operat_4

Other Income and Other Operating Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Professional services	$ 19,612	$ 19,138	$ 18,921
Postage	9,458	8,955	8,276
Telephone	6,965	6,394	6,234
Credit card expense	13,243	12,243	11,112
Marketing	24,008	28,870	22,234
Software and technology	42,530	40,906	40,608
Operating supplies	2,591	2,556	2,766
Amortization of intangibles	16,306	15,915	13,494
Branch right sizing expense	5,467	3,475	(537)
Other expense	36,984	41,241	30,454
Total other operating expenses	$ 177,164	$ 179,693	$ 153,562

Fair Value Measurements - Fair

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Financial Assets Measure on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 3,152,153	$ 3,852,854
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 2,254	$ 2,197
U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	72,502	184,279
Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	1,940,307	2,542,902
State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	902,793	871,074
Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	234,297	252,402
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	9,373	3,486
Derivative asset	130,271	139,323
Derivative liability	(27,584)	(34,440)
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,254	2,197
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	72,502	184,279
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	1,940,307	2,542,902
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	902,793	871,074
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	234,297	252,402
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	0	0
Derivative asset	0	0
Derivative liability	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,254	2,197
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	0	0
Derivative asset	130,271	139,323
Derivative liability	(27,584)	(34,440)
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	72,502	184,279
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	1,940,307	2,542,902
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	902,793	871,074
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	234,297	252,402
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	9,373	3,486
Derivative asset	0	0
Derivative liability	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Fai_2

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Financial Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Collateral Pledged
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impaired loan, related allowance	$ 18,700	$ 5,200
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	144,604	70,926
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	3,646	2,418
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	0	0
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	0	0
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	144,604	70,926
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	$ 3,646	$ 2,418

Fair Value Measurements - Estim

Fair Value Measurements - Estimated Fair Values and Related Carrying Amounts of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, net	$ 3,135,370	$ 3,063,233
Carrying Amount
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	614,092	682,122
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	100	795
Held-to-maturity securities, net	3,726,288	3,759,706
Interest receivable	122,430	102,892
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	67,969	160,403
Other borrowings	972,366	859,296
Subordinated notes and debentures	366,141	365,989
Interest payable	35,618	16,399
Carrying Amount | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	4,800,880	6,016,651
Carrying Amount | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	10,997,425	11,762,885
Carrying Amount | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	6,446,673	4,768,558
Carrying Amount | Legacy Loans
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans, net	16,620,439	15,945,169
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	614,092	682,122
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	100	795
Held-to-maturity securities, net	3,135,370	3,063,233
Interest receivable	122,430	102,892
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	67,969	160,403
Other borrowings	970,846	857,257
Subordinated notes and debentures	349,424	363,578
Interest payable	35,618	16,399
Fair Value Measurements | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	4,800,880	6,016,651
Fair Value Measurements | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	10,997,425	11,762,885
Fair Value Measurements | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	6,414,222	4,696,473
Fair Value Measurements | Legacy Loans
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans, net	15,734,766	15,573,555
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	614,092	682,122
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	0	0
Held-to-maturity securities, net	0	0
Interest receivable	0	0
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0	0
Other borrowings	0	0
Subordinated notes and debentures	0	0
Interest payable	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1 | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1 | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1 | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1 | Legacy Loans
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans, net	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	100	795
Held-to-maturity securities, net	3,135,370	3,063,233
Interest receivable	122,430	102,892
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	67,969	160,403
Other borrowings	970,846	857,257
Subordinated notes and debentures	349,424	363,578
Interest payable	35,618	16,399
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2 | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	4,800,880	6,016,651
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2 | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	10,997,425	11,762,885
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2 | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2 | Legacy Loans
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans, net	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	0	0
Held-to-maturity securities, net	0	0
Interest receivable	0	0
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0	0
Other borrowings	0	0
Subordinated notes and debentures	0	0
Interest payable	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3 | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3 | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3 | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	6,414,222	4,696,473
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3 | Legacy Loans
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Loans, net	$ 15,734,766	$ 15,573,555

Commitments and Credit Risk (De

Commitments and Credit Risk (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Commitments to originate fixed-rate mortgage loans, term	30 days
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 580,800,000	$ 265,700,000
Investment, Type [Extensible Enumeration]	Federal Home Loan Bank Certificates and Obligations (FHLB) [Member]	Federal Home Loan Bank Certificates and Obligations (FHLB) [Member]
Term of letter of credit	1 year	1 year
Standby Letters of Credit
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 54,200,000	$ 44,400,000
Deferred revenue	$ 0	$ 0
Minimum | Standby Letters of Credit
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Term of letter of credit	9 months	9 months
Maximum | Standby Letters of Credit
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Term of letter of credit	15 years	15 years
Credit Card Commitments
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding commitments	$ 738,200,000	$ 696,700,000
Other Loan Commitments
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding commitments	4,170,000,000	5,640,000,000
Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding commitments	$ 16,600,000	$ 21,100,000

Derivative Instruments - Narrat

Derivative Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Maximum notional contract amount as percent of total assets	10%
Interest income, investment securities	$ 206,918	$ 158,203	$ 111,693
Risk Participation Agreements
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	19,700
Energy Related Derivative
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets, notional amount	0	2,600
Derivative liability, notional amount	$ 0	2,600
Derivative, net fair value		49
Fair Value Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets, weighted average pay rate	1.21%
Interest income, investment securities	$ 11,900
Derivative assets, notional amount	$ 1,001,715	$ 1,001,715

Derivative Instruments Derivati

Derivative Instruments Derivative Instruments - Notional and Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets	$ 940,010	$ 944,115
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets	$ 104,408	$ 106,321
Hedged Asset Statement Of Financial Position Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag	Investment securities - Available-for-sale	Investment securities - Available-for-sale
Fair Value Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets, weighted average pay rate	1.21%
Derivative assets, notional amount	$ 1,001,715	$ 1,001,715
Derivative assets, fair value	102,644	104,833
Interest Rate Swap
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets, notional amount	551,314	413,968
Derivative assets, fair value	27,627	34,490
Derivative liability, notional amount	552,274	414,955
Derivative liabilities, fair value	$ 27,584	$ 34,440

Stockholders' Equity - Narrativ

Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Equity [Abstract]
Threshold percentage of net profits exceeded by dividends declared, any calendar year (as percent)	75%
Threshold percentage of net profits exceeded by dividends declared, combined with preceding year (as percent)	75%
Statutory amount available for dividend payments without regulatory approval	$ 54.4
Tier 1 leverage capital required to be well capitalized to average assets (as percent)	0.05
Tier 1 risk-based capital required to be well capitalized to risk weighted assets (as percent)	0.08
Capital required to be well-capitalized to risk weighted assets (as percent)	0.10
Common equity Tier 1 ratio required to be well capitalized (as percent)	6.50%
Capital conservation buffer (as percent)	2.50%

Stockholders' Equity - Company'

Stockholders' Equity - Company's Significant Subsidiaries (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	0.10
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	0.08
Tier One Leverage Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Average Assets	0.05
Simmons First National Corporation
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Capital	$ 2,964,917	$ 2,948,490
Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	0.144	0.142
Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 1,647,176	$ 1,661,121
Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Risk Weighted Assets	0.080	0.080
Tier One Risk Based Capital	$ 2,493,799	$ 2,466,874
Tier One Risk Based Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	0.121	0.119
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 1,236,595	$ 1,243,802
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Risk Weighted Assets	0.060	0.060
Common Equity Tier One Capital	$ 2,493,799	$ 2,466,874
Common Equity Tier One Capital Ratio	0.121	0.119
Common Equity Tier One Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 927,446	$ 932,852
Common Equity Tier One Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Risk Weighted Assets	4.50%	4.50%
Tier One Leverage Capital	$ 2,493,799	$ 2,466,874
Tier One Leverage Capital to Average Assets	0.094	0.093
Tier One Leverage Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 1,061,191	$ 1,061,021
Tier One Leverage Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Average Assets	0.040	0.040
Simmons Bank
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Capital	$ 2,834,126	$ 2,743,625
Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	0.138	0.133
Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 1,642,972	$ 1,650,301
Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Risk Weighted Assets	0.080	0.080
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	$ 2,053,714	$ 2,062,876
Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	0.100	0.100
Tier One Risk Based Capital	$ 2,663,153	$ 2,628,002
Tier One Risk Based Capital to Risk Weighted Assets	0.130	0.127
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 1,229,148	$ 1,241,576
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Risk Weighted Assets	0.060	0.060
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	$ 1,638,863	$ 1,655,434
Tier One Risk Based Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	0.080	0.080
Common Equity Tier One Capital	$ 2,663,153	$ 2,628,002
Common Equity Tier One Capital Ratio	0.130	0.127
Common Equity Tier One Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 921,861	$ 931,182
Common Equity Tier One Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Risk Weighted Assets	4.50%	4.50%
Common Equity Tier One Capital Required to be Well-Capitalized	$ 1,331,577	$ 1,345,040
Common Equity Tier One Capital Required to Be Well Capitalized to Risk Weighted Assets	6.50%	6.50%
Tier One Leverage Capital	$ 2,663,153	$ 2,628,002
Tier One Leverage Capital to Average Assets	0.100	0.100
Tier One Leverage Capital Required for Capital Adequacy	$ 1,065,261	$ 1,051,201
Tier One Leverage Capital Required for Capital Adequacy to Average Assets	0.040	0.040
Tier One Leverage Capital Required to be Well Capitalized	$ 1,331,577	$ 1,314,001
Tier One Leverage Capital Required to be Well Capitalized to Average Assets	0.050	0.050

Condensed Financial Informati_3

Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 614,092	$ 682,122
Loans	16,845,670	16,142,124
Other assets	592,045	622,520
Total assets	27,345,674	27,461,061
LIABILITIES
Long-term debt	388,507
Total liabilities	23,919,186	24,191,699
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	1,252	1,270
Surplus	2,499,930	2,530,066
Undivided profits	1,329,681	1,255,586
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Total stockholders’ equity	3,426,488	3,269,362	$ 3,248,841	$ 2,976,656
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	27,345,674	27,461,061
Parent Company
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	164,439	116,915
Investments in wholly-owned subsidiaries	3,603,066	3,453,961
Loans	102	1,412
Intangible assets, net	133	133
Premises and equipment	20,498	22,083
Other assets	50,642	86,622
Total assets	3,838,880	3,681,126
LIABILITIES
Long-term debt	385,285	386,798
Other liabilities	27,107	24,966
Total liabilities	412,392	411,764
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	1,252	1,270
Surplus	2,499,930	2,530,066
Undivided profits	1,329,681	1,255,586
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized depreciation on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes of $(143,076) and $(183,124) at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively	(404,375)	(517,560)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,426,488	3,269,362
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 3,838,880	$ 3,681,126

Condensed Financial Informati_4

Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Parent Company
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Unrealized depreciation on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes	$ (143,076)	$ (183,124)

Condensed Financial Informati_5

Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Statements of Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 25,546	$ 50,148	$ 61,306
NET INCOME	175,057	256,412	271,156
Preferred stock dividends	0	0	47
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	175,057	256,412	271,109
Parent Company
Income Statement [Abstract]
Dividends from subsidiaries	166,874	219,868	227,310
Other income	303	508	1,080
Income	167,177	220,376	228,390
EXPENSE	44,685	46,133	44,847
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	122,492	174,243	183,543
Provision for income taxes	(10,790)	(9,391)	(11,314)
Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	133,282	183,634	194,857
Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of subsidiaries	41,775	72,778	76,299
NET INCOME	175,057	256,412	271,156
Preferred stock dividends	0	0	47
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,109

Condensed Financial Informati_6

Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Statement of Income Captions [Line Items]
NET INCOME	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,156
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	288,242	(250,603)	200,885
Parent Company
Condensed Statement of Income Captions [Line Items]
NET INCOME	175,057	256,412	271,156
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Equity in other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries	113,185	(507,015)	(70,271)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$ 288,242	$ (250,603)	$ 200,885

Condensed Financial Informati_7

Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) - Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$ 175,057	$ 256,412	$ 271,156
Items not requiring (providing) cash
Stock-based compensation expense	12,189	15,317	15,868
Deferred income taxes	(2,460)	14,933	10,937
Changes in:
Other assets	263,969	(7,214)	(33,495)
Net cash provided by operating activities	540,979	322,198	277,780
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net collections (originations) of loans			2,333,893
Net collections (originations) of loans	(786,775)	(1,900,325)
Net cash used in investing activities	(183,593)	(946,233)	(2,537,736)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Stock repurchases	(40,322)	(111,133)	(132,459)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	0	0	(47)
Dividends paid on common stock	(100,962)	(94,096)	(78,845)
Retirement of preferred stock	0	0	(767)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(425,416)	(344,496)	438,457
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(68,030)	(968,531)	(1,821,499)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR	682,122	1,650,653	3,472,152
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR	614,092	682,122	1,650,653
Parent Company
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	175,057	256,412	271,156
Items not requiring (providing) cash
Stock-based compensation expense	12,189	15,317	15,868
Depreciation and amortization	1,637	1,981	1,805
Deferred income taxes	(1,742)	(652)	3,347
Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of bank subsidiaries	(41,775)	(72,778)	(76,299)
Changes in:
Other assets	37,720	(26,775)	(2,099)
Other liabilities	2,293	(28,745)	11,109
Net cash provided by operating activities	185,379	144,760	224,887
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net collections (originations) of loans	1,310	1,198
Net collections (originations) of loans			(2,139)
Net purchases of premises and equipment	(52)	(21)	(83)
Cash acquired (paid) in business combinations	0	60,126	(6,818)
Other, net	5,856	1,688	2
Net cash used in investing activities	7,114	62,991	(9,038)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayment of long-term debt, net	(1,664)	(57,436)	(1,563)
Cancellation of common stock, net	(2,021)	(3,882)
Issuance of common stock, net			1,460
Stock repurchases	(40,322)	(111,133)	(132,459)
Dividends paid on preferred stock	0	0	(47)
Dividends paid on common stock	(100,962)	(94,096)	(78,845)
Retirement of preferred stock	0	0	(767)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(144,969)	(266,547)	(212,221)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	47,524	(58,796)	3,628
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR	116,915	175,711	172,083
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR	$ 164,439	$ 116,915	$ 175,711