Pathward Financial (CASH) 10-Q 7 May 24 2024 Q2 Quarterly report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	May 01, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-22140
Entity Registrant Name	PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	42-1406262
Entity Address, Address Line One	5501 South Broadband Lane
Entity Address, City or Town	Sioux Falls
Entity Address, State or Province	SD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	57108
City Area Code	877
Local Phone Number	497-7497
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $.01 par value
Trading Symbol	CASH
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		25,270,584
Entity Central Index Key	0000907471
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 347,888	$ 375,580
Securities available for sale, at fair value	1,779,458	1,804,228
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $31,113 and $31,425, respectively)	34,682	36,591
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, at cost	25,844	28,210
Loans held for sale	25,946	77,779
Loans and leases	4,409,385	4,366,116
Allowance for credit losses	(80,777)	(49,705)
Accrued interest receivable	30,294	23,282
Premises, furniture, and equipment, net	37,266	39,160
Rental equipment, net	215,885	211,750
Goodwill and intangible assets	328,001	330,225
Other assets	283,245	292,327
Total assets	7,437,117	7,535,543
LIABILITIES
Deposits	6,368,344	6,589,182
Short-term borrowings	31,000	13,000
Long-term borrowings	33,373	33,873
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	264,938	248,863
Total liabilities	6,697,655	6,884,918
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	634,415	628,500
Retained earnings	317,964	278,655
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(206,570)	(255,443)
Treasury stock, at cost, 129,929 and 41,980 common shares at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively	(6,181)	(344)
Total equity attributable to parent	739,882	651,630
Noncontrolling interest	(420)	(1,005)
Total stockholders’ equity	739,462	650,625
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	7,437,117	7,535,543
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized, 25,507,915 and 26,225,563 shares issued, 25,377,986 and 26,183,583 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock	254	262
Common stock, Nonvoting, $0.01 par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock	$ 0	$ 0

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Investment securities held to maturity, fair value	$ 31,113	$ 31,425
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,000,000	3,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Treasury stock (in shares)	129,929	41,980
Common Stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	90,000,000	90,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	25,507,915	26,225,563
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	25,377,986	26,183,583
Common Stock, Nonvoting
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,000,000	3,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Interest and dividend income:
Loans and leases, including fees	$ 102,750	$ 83,879	$ 197,713	$ 152,275
Mortgage-backed securities	9,998	10,326	20,047	20,738
Other investments	14,013	10,482	24,899	16,734
Total interest and dividend income	126,761	104,687	242,659	189,747
Interest expense:
Deposits	6,685	2,096	10,211	2,238
FHLB advances and other borrowings	1,775	1,186	4,111	2,047
Total interest expense	8,460	3,282	14,322	4,285
Net interest income	118,301	101,405	228,337	185,462
Provision for credit loss	26,052	36,763	35,942	46,539
Net interest income after provision for credit loss	92,249	64,642	192,395	138,923
Noninterest income:
Gain on sale of trademarks	0	0	0	10,000
Gain (loss) on sale of other	1,695	(666)	4,535	(164)
Other income	6,044	4,477	11,223	8,032
Total noninterest income	128,945	127,038	181,706	192,815
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and benefits	54,073	47,547	100,725	90,564
Refund transfer product expense	7,366	7,863	7,558	7,968
Refund advance expense	1,846	1,603	1,876	1,630
Card processing	35,163	26,924	69,747	49,607
Occupancy and equipment expense	9,293	8,510	18,141	16,822
Operating lease equipment depreciation	10,424	14,719	20,847	24,347
Legal and consulting	6,141	4,921	11,033	14,380
Intangible amortization	1,240	1,435	2,224	2,693
Impairment expense	2,013	500	2,013	524
Other expense	12,872	13,114	25,541	23,660
Total noninterest expense	140,431	127,136	259,705	232,195
Income before income tax expense	80,763	64,544	114,396	99,543
Income tax expense	15,246	9,176	20,965	15,753
Net income before noncontrolling interest	65,517	55,368	93,431	83,790
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	249	597	506	1,177
Net income attributable to parent	$ 65,268	$ 54,771	$ 92,925	$ 82,613
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.56	$ 1.99	$ 3.61	$ 2.95
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.56	$ 1.99	$ 3.61	$ 2.95
Refund transfer product fees
Noninterest income:
Noninterest income:	$ 28,942	$ 30,205	$ 29,364	$ 30,882
Refund advance fee income
Noninterest income:
Noninterest income:	43,200	37,995	43,311	38,612
Card and deposit fees
Noninterest income:
Noninterest income:	35,344	42,087	66,094	79,805
Rental income
Noninterest income:
Noninterest income:	$ 13,720	$ 12,940	$ 27,179	$ 25,648

Condensed Consolidated Statem_4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income before noncontrolling interest	$ 65,517	$ 55,368	$ 93,431	$ 83,790
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities	(23,414)	18,448	65,121	33,156
Total	(23,414)	18,448	65,121	33,156
Unrealized gain (loss) on currency translation	(579)	60	39	447
Deferred income tax effect	(5,856)	4,647	16,287	8,352
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(18,137)	13,861	48,873	25,251
Total comprehensive income	47,380	69,229	142,304	109,041
Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	249	597	506	1,177
Comprehensive income attributable to parent	$ 47,131	$ 68,632	$ 141,798	$ 107,864

Condensed Consolidated Statem_5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Total Pathward Financial, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock	Noncontrolling interest
Beginning Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 645,140	$ 645,170	$ 288	$ 617,403	$ 245,394	$ (213,080)	$ (4,835)	$ (30)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(2,788)	(2,788)			(2,788)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	1	1	1
Repurchases of common stock	(82,281)	(82,281)	(18)	18	(80,173)		(2,108)
Stock compensation	5,829	5,829		5,829
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	25,251	25,251				25,251
Net income	83,790	82,613			82,613			1,177
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	(1,698)							(1,698)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	673,244	673,795	271	623,250	245,046	(187,829)	(6,943)	(551)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	659,133	659,340	282	620,681	246,891	(201,690)	(6,824)	(207)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(1,386)	(1,386)			(1,386)
Repurchases of common stock	(55,349)	(55,349)	(11)	11	(55,230)		(119)
Stock compensation	2,558	2,558		2,558
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	13,861	13,861				13,861
Net income	55,368	54,771			54,771			597
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	(941)							(941)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	673,244	673,795	271	623,250	245,046	(187,829)	(6,943)	(551)
Beginning Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	650,625	651,630	262	628,500	278,655	(255,443)	(344)	(1,005)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(2,566)	(2,566)			(2,566)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	3	3	3
Repurchases of common stock	(56,364)	(56,364)	(11)	11	(50,527)		(5,837)
Stock compensation	5,904	5,904		5,904
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	48,873	48,873				48,873
Joint venture membership interest divestiture	(523)	(523)			(523)
Net income	93,431	92,925			92,925			506
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	79							79
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	739,462	739,882	254	634,415	317,964	(206,570)	(6,181)	(420)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	729,282	729,792	260	629,737	293,463	(188,433)	(5,235)	(510)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(1,267)	(1,267)			(1,267)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	2	2	2
Repurchases of common stock	(40,446)	(40,446)	(8)	8	(39,500)		(946)
Stock compensation	4,670	4,670		4,670
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(18,137)	(18,137)				(18,137)
Net income	65,517	65,268			65,268			249
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	(159)							(159)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 739,462	$ 739,882	$ 254	$ 634,415	$ 317,964	$ (206,570)	$ (6,181)	$ (420)

Condensed Consolidated Statem_6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.05	$ 0.10	$ 0.10

Condensed Consolidated Statem_7

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income before noncontrolling interest	$ 93,431	$ 83,790
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	29,457	34,390
Provision for credit loss	35,942	46,539
Provision for deferred taxes	4,059	2,545
Originations of loans held for sale	(933,786)	(608,628)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	968,998	604,363
Net change in loans held for sale	17,924	652
Net realized (gain) on loans held for sale	(1,370)	(110)
Net realized (gain) on trademarks	0	(10,000)
Net realized (gain) loss on other	(3,165)	272
Impairment on rental equipment	2,013	24
Net change in accrued interest receivable	(7,012)	(4,455)
Net change in other assets	(13,724)	14,050
Net change in accrued expenses and other liabilities	16,729	14,568
Stock compensation	5,904	5,829
Net cash provided by operating activities	215,400	183,829
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on securities available for sale	89,476	89,162
Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on securities held to maturity	1,811	2,822
Purchases of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock	(183,010)	(120,160)
Redemption of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock	185,377	119,586
Purchases of loans and leases	(163,091)	(187,834)
Net change in loans and leases	255,909	191,195
Purchases of premises, furniture, and equipment	(3,592)	(3,428)
Purchases of rental equipment	(173,005)	(238,999)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	4,951	6,736
Net change in rental equipment	188	(153)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets	0	1
Proceeds from sale of trademarks	0	10,000
Proceeds from sale of other assets	4,091	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	19,105	(131,072)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits	(220,838)	36,659
Net change in short-term borrowings	18,000	43,000
Principal payments on other liabilities	(550)	0
Proceeds from other liabilities	0	(1,026)
Payment of debt issuance costs	0	(511)
Dividends paid on common stock	(2,566)	(2,788)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	3	1
Repurchases of common stock	(56,364)	(82,281)
Investment by (distributions to) noncontrolling interest	79	(1,698)
Net cash (used in) financing activities	(262,236)	(8,644)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	39	447
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(27,692)	44,560
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of fiscal year	375,580	388,038
Cash and cash equivalents at end of fiscal period	347,888	432,598
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest	12,608	4,273
Income taxes	9,694	7,842
Franchise and other taxes	398	472
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:
Loans and leases to rental equipment	2,538	1,449
Rental equipment to loan and leases	143,752	202,330
Recognition of operating lease ROU assets, net of measurements	654	0
Joint venture membership interest divestiture	$ 523	$ 0

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
BASIS OF PRESENTATION	BASIS OF PRESENTATION The interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 included in Pathward Financial, Inc.’s ("Pathward Financial" or the “Company") Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on November 21, 2023. Accordingly, footnote disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted. The financial information of the Company included herein has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and has been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Such information reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024. Certain prior fiscal year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year financial statement presentation. These reclassifications did not impact previously reported net income, comprehensive income or the statement of financial condition. Additionally, certain prior fiscal year amounts within Note 4. Loans and Leases, Net have been revised. Prior fiscal year tables that were revised include the amortized cost basis of loans and leases by asset classification and year of origination, nonaccrual loans and leases by year of origination, and loans and leases that are 90 days or more delinquent and accruing by year of origination. The revisions were related to the year of origination and did not impact total loan balances, total asset classification balances, total nonaccrual balances, or total past due loan balances.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTI

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES ("ASU")	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES (ASU)	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES ("ASU") Significant accounting policies in effect and disclosed within the Company’s most recent audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 remain substantially unchanged. The following ASU became effective for the Company on October 1, 2023, and did not have a material impact on the Company’s significant accounting policies or Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements: ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU eliminate accounting guidance for troubled-debt restructurings ("TDRs") by creditors in Subtopic ASC 310-40, Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, and enhance disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The ASU also requires current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination to be disclosed for loans and leases within scope of Topic 326.

SECURITIES

SECURITIES	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
SECURITIES	SECURITIES The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values of available for sale ("AFS") and held to maturity ("HTM") debt securities are presented below. (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Debt Securities AFS At March 31, 2024 Corporate securities $ 25,000 $ — $ (6,875) $ 18,125 SBA securities 91,979 — (7,182) 84,797 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 540 — (33) 507 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 258,421 14 (35,766) 222,669 Asset-backed securities 228,852 420 (5,858) 223,414 Mortgage-backed securities 1,448,649 12 (218,715) 1,229,946 Total debt securities AFS $ 2,053,441 $ 446 $ (274,429) $ 1,779,458 At September 30, 2023 Corporate securities $ 25,000 $ — $ (6,750) $ 18,250 SBA securities 95,549 — (10,307) 85,242 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 2,368 — (79) 2,289 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 269,396 — (42,673) 226,723 Asset-backed securities 255,384 234 (9,419) 246,199 Mortgage-backed securities 1,495,636 — (270,111) 1,225,525 Total debt securities AFS $ 2,143,333 $ 234 $ (339,339) $ 1,804,228 Debt Securities HTM At March 31, 2024 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 32,602 $ — $ (3,321) $ 29,281 Mortgage-backed securities 2,080 — (248) 1,832 Total debt securities HTM $ 34,682 $ — $ (3,569) $ 31,113 At September 30, 2023 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 34,415 $ — $ (4,844) $ 29,571 Mortgage-backed securities 2,176 — (322) 1,854 Total debt securities HTM $ 36,591 $ — $ (5,166) $ 31,425 Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows: LESS THAN 12 MONTHS OVER 12 MONTHS TOTAL (Dollars in thousands) Fair Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Gross Unrealized (Losses) Debt Securities AFS At March 31, 2024 Corporate securities $ — $ — $ 18,125 $ (6,875) $ 18,125 $ (6,875) SBA securities 22,894 (978) 61,903 (6,204) 84,797 (7,182) Obligations of state and political subdivisions — — 506 (33) 506 (33) Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 940 (20) 219,665 (35,746) 220,605 (35,766) Asset-backed securities — — 103,409 (5,858) 103,409 (5,858) Mortgage-backed securities 17,317 (371) 1,211,570 (218,344) 1,228,887 (218,715) Total debt securities AFS $ 41,151 $ (1,369) $ 1,615,178 $ (273,060) $ 1,656,329 $ (274,429) At September 30, 2023 Corporate securities $ — $ — $ 18,250 $ (6,750) $ 18,250 $ (6,750) SBA securities 22,327 (1,919) 62,915 (8,388) 85,242 (10,307) Obligations of state and political subdivisions — — 2,289 (79) 2,289 (79) Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 5,010 (83) 221,714 (42,590) 226,723 (42,673) Asset-backed securities 46,528 (224) 115,608 (9,195) 162,136 (9,419) Mortgage-backed securities 18,311 (944) 1,207,214 (269,167) 1,225,525 (270,111) Total debt securities AFS $ 92,176 $ (3,170) $ 1,627,990 $ (336,169) $ 1,720,165 $ (339,339) Debt Securities HTM At March 31, 2024 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ — $ — $ 29,281 $ (3,321) $ 29,281 $ (3,321) Mortgage-backed securities — — 1,832 (248) 1,832 (248) Total debt securities HTM $ — $ — $ 31,113 $ (3,569) $ 31,113 $ (3,569) At September 30, 2023 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ — $ — $ 29,571 $ (4,844) $ 29,571 $ (4,844) Mortgage-backed securities — — 1,854 (322) 1,854 (322) Total debt securities HTM $ — $ — $ 31,425 $ (5166) $ 31,425 $ (5,166) The decrease in the fair value of investment securities balances when comparing March 31, 2024 to September 30, 2023 was primarily driven by principal pay downs during the six months. At March 31, 2024, there were 194 securities AFS in an unrealized loss position. All of the mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2024 were government guaranteed or issued by a private label where the Company held a senior tranche. Management assessed each investment security with unrealized losses for credit loss and determined all unrealized losses on these securities were due to adverse market conditions and/or change in interest rates versus credit loss. As part of that assessment, management evaluated and concluded that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not be required and does not intend to sell any of the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost. At March 31, 2024, there was no allowance for credit losses ("ACL") for debt securities AFS or debt securities HTM. The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Certain securities have call features that allow the issuer to call the security prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities in MBS because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, MBS are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary. The expected maturities of certain SBA securities may differ from contractual maturities because the borrowers may have the right to prepay the obligation. However, certain prepayment penalties may apply. (Dollars in thousands) At March 31, 2024 At September 30, 2023 Debt Securities AFS Amortized Cost Fair Amortized Cost Fair Due in one year or less $ 1,188 $ 1,175 $ 5,023 $ 4,971 Due after one year through five years 19,591 18,249 11,175 10,292 Due after five years through ten years 73,455 63,343 79,139 66,428 Due after ten years 510,558 466,745 552,360 497,012 604,792 549,512 647,697 578,703 Mortgage-backed securities 1,448,649 1,229,946 1,495,636 1,225,525 Total debt securities AFS $ 2,053,441 $ 1,779,458 $ 2,143,333 $ 1,804,228 Debt Securities HTM Due after ten years $ 32,602 $ 29,281 $ 34,415 $ 29,571 32,602 29,281 34,415 29,571 Mortgage-backed securities 2,080 1,832 2,176 1,854 Total debt securities HTM $ 34,682 $ 31,113 $ 36,591 $ 31,425 Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") Stock. The Bank is required by federal law to subscribe to capital stock (divided into shares of $100 each) as a member of the FRB of Minneapolis with an amount equal to six per centum of the paid-up capital stock and surplus. One-half of the subscription is paid at time of application, and one-half is subject to call of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FRB of Minneapolis stock held by the Bank totaled $19.7 million at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023. These equity securities are 'restricted' in that they can only be owned by member banks. Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Stock. The Company's borrowings from the FHLB are secured by specific investment securities. Such advances can be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. The investments in the FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company's membership in and current borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines. The investments in the FHLB of Des Moines could be adversely impacted by the financial operations of the FHLB and actions of their regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency. The FHLB stock is carried at cost since it is generally redeemable at par value. The carrying value of the stock held at the FHLB was $6.2 million and $8.5 million at March 31, 2024 and at September 30, 2023, respectively. These equity securities are ‘restricted’ in that they can only be sold back to the respective institution from which they were acquired or another member institution at par. Therefore, FRB and FHLB stocks are less liquid than other marketable equity securities, and the cost approximates fair value. Equity Securities. The Company held $4.3 million and $3.4 million in marketable equity securities within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recognized no unrealized gains on marketable equity securities during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. No such securities were sold during the six months ended March 31, 2024. Non-marketable equity securities with a readily determinable fair value totaled $10.0 million and $8.4 million at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. These securities are held within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company recognized $0.4 million in unrealized gains and $0.1 million in unrealized losses during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. No such securities were sold during the six months ended March 31, 2024. Non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair value totaled $14.8 million and $16.2 million at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. There was one such security sold during the six months ended March 31, 2024 for a $2.5 million gain which is included in gain on sale of other on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Equity Securities Impairment. The Company evaluates impairment for investments held at cost on at least an annual basis based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. All other equity investments, including those under the equity method, are reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis. The Company recognized no and $0.5 million impairment for such investments for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

LOANS AND LEASES, NET

LOANS AND LEASES, NET	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]
LOANS AND LEASES, NET	89 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Receivable > 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Balance Total Loans held for sale $ 323 $ 546 $ 843 $ 1,712 $ 24,234 $ 25,946 $ 843 $ — $ 843 Term lending 31,580 20,883 10,397 62,860 1,426,194 1,489,054 890 18,960 19,850 Asset-based lending — — — — 429,556 429,556 — — — Factoring — — — — 336,442 336,442 — 4,580 4,580 Lease financing 2,655 171 1,526 4,352 164,264 168,616 752 1,605 2,357 Insurance premium finance 2,211 592 1,037 3,840 519,064 522,904 1,037 — 1,037 SBA/USDA 36 2,340 2,636 5,012 555,421 560,433 — 2,636 2,636 Other commercial finance — — — — 149,056 149,056 — — — Commercial finance 36,482 23,986 15,596 76,064 3,579,997 3,656,061 2,679 27,781 30,460 Consumer finance 4,293 3,001 3,093 10,387 256,644 267,031 3,093 — 3,093 Tax services 1,123 — — 1,123 83,379 84,502 — — — Warehouse finance — — — — 394,814 394,814 — — — Total loans and leases held for investment 41,898 26,987 18,689 87,574 4,314,834 4,402,408 5,772 27,781 33,553 Total loans and leases $ 42,221 $ 27,533 $ 19,532 $ 89,286 $ 4,339,068 $ 4,428,354 $ 6,615 $ 27,781 $ 34,396 At September 30, 2023 Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases Nonperforming Loans and Leases (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due > 89 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Receivable > 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Balance Total Loans held for sale $ 626 $ 549 $ 306 $ 1,481 $ 76,298 $ 77,779 $ 306 $ — $ 306 Term lending 13,898 7,723 11,136 32,757 1,275,376 1,308,133 3,737 15,324 19,061 Asset-based lending — — 123 123 382,248 382,371 — 18,082 18,082 Factoring — — — — 358,344 358,344 — 1,298 1,298 Lease financing 6,865 158 4,828 11,851 171,541 183,392 4,242 1,666 5,908 Insurance premium finance 2,159 1,262 2,339 5,760 794,317 800,077 2,339 — 2,339 SBA/USDA 512 — 1,835 2,347 522,403 524,750 833 1,002 1,835 Other commercial finance — — 91 91 166,000 166,091 91 — 91 Commercial finance 23,434 9,143 20,352 52,929 3,670,229 3,723,158 11,242 37,372 48,614 Consumer finance 2,992 2,425 2,210 7,627 246,789 254,416 2,210 — 2,210 Tax services — — 5,082 5,082 110 5,192 5,082 — 5,082 Warehouse finance — — — — 376,915 376,915 — — — Total loans and leases held for investment 26,426 11,568 27,644 65,638 4,294,043 4,359,681 18,534 37,372 55,906 Total loans and leases $ 27,052 $ 12,117 $ 27,950 $ 67,119 $ 4,370,341 $ 4,437,460 $ 18,840 $ 37,372 $ 56,212 Nonaccrual loans and leases by year of origination were as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total Nonaccrual with No ACL At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Term lending $ 1,121 $ 2,683 $ 7,414 $ 2,222 $ 1,446 $ 4,074 $ — $ 18,960 $ — Factoring — — — — — — 4,580 4,580 — Lease financing — — 95 540 695 275 — 1,605 539 SBA/USDA — 1,307 79 — 1,005 245 — 2,636 750 Commercial finance 1,121 3,990 7,588 2,762 3,146 4,594 4,580 27,781 1,289 Total nonaccrual loans and leases $ 1,121 $ 3,990 $ 7,588 $ 2,762 $ 3,146 $ 4,594 $ 4,580 $ 27,781 $ 1,289 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total Nonaccrual with No ACL At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term lending $ 865 $ 4,942 $ 2,933 $ 2,165 $ 3,134 $ 1,285 $ — $ 15,324 $ — Asset-based lending — — — — — — 18,082 18,082 — Factoring — — — — — — 1,298 1,298 — Lease financing — — 446 660 — 560 — 1,666 1 SBA/USDA — 750 — — — 252 — 1,002 — Commercial finance 865 5,692 3,379 2,825 3,134 2,097 19,380 37,372 1 Total nonaccrual loans and leases $ 865 $ 5,692 $ 3,379 $ 2,825 $ 3,134 $ 2,097 $ 19,380 $ 37,372 $ 1 Loans and leases that are 90 days or more delinquent and accruing by year of origination were as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Loans held for sale $ — $ 843 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 843 Term lending — 185 58 393 254 — — 890 Lease financing 354 121 — — 2 275 — 752 Insurance premium finance 198 839 — — — — — 1,037 Commercial finance 552 1,145 58 393 256 275 — 2,679 Consumer finance 309 1,969 658 157 — — — 3,093 Total loans and leases held for investment 861 3,114 716 550 256 275 — 5,772 Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing $ 861 $ 3,957 $ 716 $ 550 $ 256 $ 275 $ — $ 6,615 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans held for sale $ 306 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 306 Term lending 1,604 1,371 500 233 29 — — 3,737 Lease financing 151 490 979 784 1,794 44 — 4,242 Insurance premium finance — 414 114 — 334 1,477 — 2,339 SBA/USDA — — — 833 — — — 833 Other commercial finance — — — — — 91 — 91 Commercial finance 1,755 2,275 1,593 1,850 2,157 1,612 — 11,242 Consumer finance 891 1,045 246 — — — 28 2,210 Tax services 5,082 — — — — — — 5,082 Total loans and leases held for investment 7,728 3,320 1,839 1,850 2,157 1,612 28 18,534 Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing $ 8,034 $ 3,320 $ 1,839 $ 1,850 $ 2,157 $ 1,612 $ 28 $ 18,840 Certain loans and leases 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal continue to accrue because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. The following table provides the average recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and leases: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Term lending $ 18,999 $ 9,758 $ 18,209 $ 9,277 Asset-based lending 82 5,292 4,896 4,782 Factoring 5,745 523 3,463 615 Lease financing 1,639 3,627 1,631 3,625 SBA/USDA 2,329 1,379 1,908 1,400 Commercial finance 28,794 20,579 30,107 19,699 Total loans and leases $ 28,794 $ 20,579 $ 30,107 $ 19,699 The recognized interest income on the Company's nonaccrual loans and leases for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was not significant. Effective October 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures on a prospective basis. Financial information at and for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 is reflected as such. The historical information disclosed is in accordance with Subtopic ASC 310-40, Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors . Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 were $1.6 million in the commercial finance loan portfolio. No loans were modified in a TDR during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023. The Company had an immaterial amount and $0.1 million of commercial finance loans that were modified within the previous 12 months experience a payment default during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. TDR net charge-offs and the impact of TDRs on the Company's allowance for credit losses were insignificant during the six months ended March 31, 2023." id="sjs-B4">LOANS AND LEASES, NET Loans and leases consist of the following: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Term lending $ 1,489,054 $ 1,308,133 Asset-based lending 429,556 382,371 Factoring 336,442 358,344 Lease financing 168,616 183,392 Insurance premium finance 522,904 800,077 SBA/USDA 560,433 524,750 Other commercial finance 149,056 166,091 Commercial finance 3,656,061 3,723,158 Consumer finance 267,031 254,416 Tax services 84,502 5,192 Warehouse finance 394,814 376,915 Total loans and leases 4,402,408 4,359,681 Net deferred loan origination costs 6,977 6,435 Total gross loans and leases 4,409,385 4,366,116 Allowance for credit losses (80,777) (49,705) Total loans and leases, net $ 4,328,608 $ 4,316,411 During the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company originated $933.8 million and $608.6 million of commercial finance and consumer finance as held for sale, respectively. The Company sold held for sale loans resulting in proceeds of $969.0 million and a $1.4 million gain on sale during the six months ended March 31, 2024. The Company sold held for sale loans resulting in proceeds of $604.4 million and gain on sale of $0.1 million during the six months ended March 31, 2023. Loans purchased and sold by portfolio segment, including participation interests, were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Loans Purchased Loans held for investment: Warehouse finance $ 73,701 $ 120,185 $ 163,091 $ 187,834 Total purchases $ 73,701 $ 120,185 $ 163,091 $ 187,834 Loans Sold Loans held for sale: Commercial finance $ 21,173 $ 294 $ 25,045 $ 1,149 Consumer finance 321,489 201,199 943,953 603,214 Total sales $ 342,662 $ 201,493 $ 968,998 $ 604,363 Leasing Portfolio. The net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases was comprised of the following: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Minimum lease payments receivable $ 177,498 $ 191,807 Unguaranteed residual assets 12,171 12,709 Unamortized initial direct costs 82 141 Unearned income (21,053) (21,124) Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases $ 168,698 $ 183,533 The components of total lease income were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Interest income - loans and leases Interest income on net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases $ 2,853 $ 2,819 $ 5,961 $ 5,962 Leasing and equipment finance noninterest income Lease income from operating lease payments 13,605 12,843 26,860 25,397 Other (1) 869 (356) 1,593 346 Total leasing and equipment finance noninterest income 14,474 12,487 28,453 25,743 Total lease income $ 17,327 $ 15,306 $ 34,414 $ 31,705 (1) Other leasing and equipment finance noninterest income consists of gains (losses) on sales of leased equipment, fees and service charges on leases and gains (losses) on sales of leases. Undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases, and a reconciliation to the carrying amount recorded at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 36,927 2025 53,952 2026 34,868 2027 21,176 2028 16,575 Thereafter 14,000 Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases 177,498 Third-party residual value guarantees — Total carrying amount of direct financing and sales-type leases $ 177,498 The Company did not record any contingent rental income from direct financing and sales-type leases in the six months ended March 31, 2024. A number of factors affected the economic environment in 2023 including geopolitical conflict, supply chain disruptions, inflation, rising interest rates, and bank failures brought on by, among other things, rising interest rates, deposit outflows and liquidity crises. While the ultimate impact of these factors, some of which continue to impact the economic environment in 2024, on the Company's loan and lease portfolio remains difficult to predict, management continues to evaluate the loan and lease portfolio in order to assess the impact on repayment sources and underlying collateral that could result in additional losses and the impact to our customers and businesses as a result of these factors impacting the economy and will refine its estimate as developments occur and more information becomes available. Activity in the allowance for credit losses and balances of loans and leases by portfolio segment was as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 27,013 $ 6,303 $ (5,176) $ 487 $ 28,627 Asset-based lending 1,370 (254) — 99 1,215 Factoring 7,433 (623) (12) 16 6,814 Lease financing 4,008 (2,547) 28 62 1,551 Insurance premium finance 2,123 (532) (295) 113 1,409 SBA/USDA 3,289 (347) — — 2,942 Other commercial finance 3,312 (1,592) — — 1,720 Commercial finance 48,548 408 (5,455) 777 44,278 Consumer finance 4,380 231 (37) 2 4,576 Tax services 507 25,221 — 5,800 31,528 Warehouse finance 350 45 — — 395 Total loans and leases 53,785 25,905 (5,492) 6,579 80,777 Unfunded commitments (1) 596 147 — — 743 Total $ 54,381 $ 26,052 $ (5,492) $ 6,579 $ 81,520 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 26,752 $ 3,974 $ (2,705) $ 394 $ 28,415 Asset-based lending 3,903 51 (2,873) — 1,081 Factoring 5,674 (40) (62) 16 5,588 Lease financing 5,238 (183) (607) 101 4,549 Insurance premium finance 1,261 155 (224) 71 1,263 SBA/USDA 2,632 2 — 6 2,640 Other commercial finance 3,356 976 — — 4,332 Commercial finance 48,816 4,935 (6,471) 588 47,868 Consumer finance 2,887 232 (154) — 2,965 Tax services 609 31,422 — 1,063 33,094 Warehouse finance 280 97 — — 377 Total loans and leases 52,592 36,686 (6,625) 1,651 84,304 Unfunded commitments (1) 279 77 — — 356 Total $ 52,871 $ 36,763 $ (6,625) $ 1,651 $ 84,660 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 25,686 $ 12,125 $ (10,297) $ 1,113 $ 28,627 Asset-based lending 2,738 (1,764) — 241 1,215 Factoring 6,566 128 (35) 155 6,814 Lease financing 3,302 (1,781) (125) 155 1,551 Insurance premium finance 2,637 (771) (660) 203 1,409 SBA/USDA 2,962 (20) — — 2,942 Other commercial finance 3,089 (1,369) — — 1,720 Commercial finance 46,980 6,548 (11,117) 1,867 44,278 Consumer finance 2,346 2,328 (100) 2 4,576 Tax services 2 26,577 (1,145) 6,094 31,528 Warehouse finance 377 18 — — 395 Total loans and leases 49,705 35,471 (12,362) 7,963 80,777 Unfunded commitments (1) 272 471 — — 743 Total $ 49,977 $ 35,942 $ (12,362) $ 7,963 $ 81,520 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 24,621 $ 7,645 $ (4,522) $ 671 $ 28,415 Asset-based lending 1,050 2,904 (2,873) — 1,081 Factoring 6,556 (804) (183) 19 5,588 Lease financing 5,902 (621) (1,013) 281 4,549 Insurance premium finance 1,450 108 (409) 114 1,263 SBA/USDA 3,263 (649) — 26 2,640 Other commercial finance 1,310 3,022 — — 4,332 Commercial finance 44,152 11,605 (9,000) 1,111 47,868 Consumer finance 1,463 1,835 (333) — 2,965 Tax services 5 33,059 (1,731) 1,761 33,094 Warehouse finance 327 50 — — 377 Total loans and leases 45,947 46,549 (11,064) 2,872 84,304 Unfunded commitments (1) 366 (10) — — 356 Total $ 46,313 $ 46,539 $ (11,064) $ 2,872 $ 84,660 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Information on loans and leases that are deemed to be collateral dependent and are evaluated individually for the ACL was as follows: (Dollars in thousands) At March 31, 2024 At September 30, 2023 Term lending $ 7,100 $ 3,516 Asset-based lending 1,213 19,226 Factoring 5,103 1,133 Lease financing 647 630 SBA/USDA 1,748 750 Commercial finance (1) 15,811 25,255 Total $ 15,811 $ 25,255 (1) For Commercial Finance, collateral dependent financial assets have collateral in the form of cash, equipment, or other business assets. Management has identified certain structured finance credits for alternative energy projects in which a substantial cash collateral account has been established to mitigate credit risk. Due to the nature of the transactions and significant cash collateral positions, these credits are evaluated individually. The balance of these pass rated cash collateral loans totaled $119.1 million and $117.0 million at March 31, 2024 and at September 30, 2023, respectively. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets such as debt and equity securities considered by the Bank's primary regulator, the OCC, to be of lesser quality as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” The loan classification and risk rating definitions are as follows: Pass - A pass asset is of sufficient quality in terms of repayment, collateral and management to preclude a special mention or an adverse rating. Watch - A watch asset is generally a credit performing well under current terms and conditions but with identifiable weakness meriting additional scrutiny and corrective measures. Watch is not a regulatory classification but can be used to designate assets that are exhibiting one or more weaknesses that deserve management’s attention. These assets are of better quality than special mention assets. Special Mention - A special mention asset is a credit with potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention and, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Special mention is a temporary status with aggressive credit management required to garner adequate progress and move to watch or higher. The adverse classifications are as follows: Substandard - A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the net worth and/or repayment ability or by a weak collateral position. Assets so classified will have well-defined weaknesses creating a distinct possibility the Bank will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected. Loss potential does not have to exist for an asset to be classified as substandard. Doubtful - A doubtful asset has weaknesses similar to those classified substandard, with the degree of weakness causing the likely loss of some principal in any reasonable collection effort. Due to pending factors, the asset’s classification as loss is not yet appropriate. Loss - A loss asset is considered uncollectible and of such little value that the asset’s continuance on the Bank’s balance sheet is no longer warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean an asset has no recovery or salvage value leaving room for future collection efforts. Loans and leases, or portions thereof, are generally charged off when collection of principal becomes doubtful. Typically, this is associated with a delay or shortfall in payments of 210 days or more for insurance premium finance, 120 days or more for consumer credit products and leases, and 90 days or more for commercial finance loans. Action is taken to charge off electronic return originator ("ERO") loans if such loans have not been collected by the end of June and refund advance loans if such loans have not been collected by the end of the calendar year. The Company individually evaluates loans and leases that do not share similar risk characteristics with other financial assets, which generally means loans and leases identified as modifications or loans and leases on nonaccrual status. The Company recognizes that concentrations of credit may naturally occur and may take the form of a large volume of related loans and leases to an individual, a specific industry, or a geographic location. Credit concentration is a direct, indirect, or contingent obligation that has a common bond where the aggregate exposure equals or exceeds a certain percentage of the Company’s Tier 1 Capital plus the allowable Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company has various portfolios of consumer finance and tax services loans that present unique risks that are statistically managed. Due to the unique risks associated with these portfolios, the Company monitors other credit quality indicators in its evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL on these portfolios, and as such, these loans are not included in the asset classification table below. The outstanding balances of consumer finance loans and tax services loans were $267.0 million and $84.5 million at March 31, 2024, respectively, and $254.4 million and $5.2 million at September 30, 2023, respectively. The amortized cost basis of loans and leases by asset classification and year of origination was as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Term lending Pass $ 308,787 $ 492,087 $ 125,586 $ 97,696 $ 54,397 $ 48,457 $ — $ 1,127,010 Watch 66,389 42,282 46,196 24,715 3,456 1,549 — 184,587 Special mention 920 14,887 7,222 19,254 10,145 114 — 52,542 Substandard 9,546 35,689 23,732 21,362 22,623 4,730 — 117,682 Doubtful — 601 3,135 1,657 534 1,306 — 7,233 Total 385,642 585,546 205,871 164,684 91,155 56,156 — 1,489,054 Current period charge-offs — 1,336 5,063 2,314 1,351 233 — 10,297 Asset-based lending Pass — — — — — — 229,053 229,053 Watch — — — — — — 176,233 176,233 Special mention — — — — — — 21,530 21,530 Substandard — — — — — — 2,740 2,740 Total — — — — — — 429,556 429,556 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Factoring Pass — — — — — — 272,222 272,222 Watch — — — — — — 38,237 38,237 Special mention — — — — — — 7,459 7,459 Substandard — — — — — — 16,970 16,970 Doubtful — — — — — — 1,554 1,554 Total — — — — — — 336,442 336,442 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — 35 35 Lease financing Pass 29,214 57,899 11,949 10,795 17,486 2,851 — 130,194 Watch 1,210 164 9,047 9,295 2,019 398 — 22,133 Special mention — 278 — — 1,026 45 — 1,349 Substandard 52 6,013 1,165 3,506 2,291 1,612 — 14,639 Doubtful — — — 58 — 243 — 301 Total 30,476 64,354 22,161 23,654 22,822 5,149 — 168,616 Current period charge-offs — — — 58 67 — — 125 Insurance premium finance Pass 380,580 141,340 56 — — — — 521,976 Watch 90 254 — — — — — 344 Special mention 30 270 — — — — — 300 Substandard 5 152 — — — — — 157 Doubtful — 127 — — — — — 127 Total 380,705 142,143 56 — — — — 522,904 Current period charge-offs — 487 173 — — — — 660 SBA/USDA Pass 34,482 184,511 182,889 25,243 25,614 40,539 — 493,278 Watch — 12,241 55 1,111 6,592 3,077 — 23,076 Special mention — — 1,325 — 2,783 369 — 4,477 Substandard — 10,144 11,173 1,295 5,217 11,694 — 39,523 Doubtful — — 79 — — — — 79 Total 34,482 206,896 195,521 27,649 40,206 55,679 — 560,433 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Other commercial finance Pass — 2,270 10,532 32,600 1,079 73,678 — 120,159 Watch — 2,500 — — — — — 2,500 Substandard — 2,681 44 23,672 — — — 26,397 Total — 7,451 10,576 56,272 1,079 73,678 — 149,056 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Warehouse finance Pass — — — — — — 394,814 394,814 Total — — — — — — 394,814 394,814 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Total loans and leases Pass 753,063 878,107 331,012 166,334 98,576 165,525 896,089 3,288,706 Watch 67,689 57,441 55,298 35,121 12,067 5,024 214,470 447,110 Special mention 950 15,435 8,547 19,254 13,954 528 28,989 87,657 Substandard 9,603 54,679 36,114 49,835 30,131 18,036 19,710 218,108 Doubtful — 728 3,214 1,715 534 1,549 1,554 9,294 Total $ 831,305 $ 1,006,390 $ 434,185 $ 272,259 $ 155,262 $ 190,662 $ 1,160,812 $ 4,050,875 Current period charge-offs $ — $ 1,823 $ 5,236 $ 2,372 $ 1,418 $ 233 $ 35 $ 11,117 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term lending Pass $ 539,448 $ 149,190 $ 99,677 $ 73,132 $ 14,368 $ 85,812 $ — $ 961,627 Watch 53,481 51,036 58,041 12,230 4,483 727 — 179,998 Special mention 26,539 13,853 20,463 723 2,932 75 — 64,585 Substandard 20,437 30,451 14,729 24,613 3,872 764 — 94,866 Doubtful 200 2,655 1,691 1,121 165 1,225 — 7,057 Total 640,105 247,185 194,601 111,819 25,820 88,603 — 1,308,133 Asset-based lending Pass — — — — — — 161,744 161,744 Watch — — — — — — 174,243 174,243 Special mention — — — — — — 26,382 26,382 Substandard — — — — — — 19,501 19,501 Doubtful — — — — — — 501 501 Total — — — — — — 382,371 382,371 Factoring Pass — — — — — — 270,754 270,754 Watch — — — — — — 70,833 70,833 Special mention — — — — — — 8,892 8,892 Substandard — — — — — — 7,865 7,865 Total — — — — — — 358,344 358,344 Lease financing Pass 57,123 15,941 15,167 27,489 4,036 1,281 — 121,037 Watch 793 10,436 12,566 4,494 1,579 55 — 29,923 Special mention — — 847 415 195 — — 1,457 Substandard 14,890 1,983 7,082 3,660 3,062 33 — 30,710 Doubtful — — 71 61 — 133 — 265 Total 72,806 28,360 35,733 36,119 8,872 1,502 — 183,392 Insurance premium finance Pass 797,267 1,210 — — — — — 798,477 Watch 858 34 — — — — — 892 Special mention 250 15 — — — — — 265 Substandard 91 20 — — — — — 111 Doubtful 180 152 — — — — — 332 Total 798,646 1,431 — — — — — 800,077 SBA/USDA Pass 158,675 148,525 26,244 36,274 8,798 18,252 — 396,768 Watch 49,010 48,833 658 51 357 2,572 — 101,481 Special mention — — 530 — — — — 530 Substandard 252 2,356 1,718 5,418 8,509 7,718 — 25,971 Total 207,937 199,714 29,150 41,743 17,664 28,542 — 524,750 Other commercial finance Pass 2,330 18,927 32,737 1,137 10,122 69,927 — 135,180 Watch 1,742 — — — — — — 1,742 Substandard 2,753 450 25,708 — — 258 — 29,169 Total 6,825 19,377 58,445 1,137 10,122 70,185 — 166,091 Warehouse finance Pass — — — — — — 376,915 376,915 Total — — — — — — 376,915 376,915 Total loans and leases Pass 1,554,843 333,793 173,825 138,032 37,324 175,272 809,413 3,222,502 Watch 105,884 110,339 71,265 16,775 6,419 3,354 245,076 559,112 Special mention 26,789 13,868 21,840 1,138 3,127 75 35,274 102,111 Substandard 38,423 35,260 49,237 33,691 15,443 8,773 27,366 208,193 Doubtful 380 2,807 1,762 1,182 165 1,358 501 8,155 Total $ 1,726,319 $ 496,067 $ 317,929 $ 190,818 $ 62,478 $ 188,832 $ 1,117,630 $ 4,100,073 Past due loans and leases were as follows: At March 31, 2024 Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases Nonperforming Loans and Leases (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due > 89 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Receivable > 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Balance Total Loans held for sale $ 323 $ 546 $ 843 $ 1,712 $ 24,234 $ 25,946 $ 843 $ — $ 843 Term lending 31,580 20,883 10,397 62,860 1,426,194 1,489,054 890 18,960 19,850 Asset-based lending — — — — 429,556 429,556 — — — Factoring — — — — 336,442 336,442 — 4,580 4,580 Lease financing 2,655 171 1,526 4,352 164,264 168,616 752 1,605 2,357 Insurance premium finance 2,211 592 1,037 3,840 519,064 522,904 1,037 — 1,037 SBA/USDA 36 2,340 2,636 5,012 555,421 560,433 — 2,636 2,636 Other commercial finance — — — — 149,056 149,056 — — — Commercial finance 36,482 23,986 15,596 76,064 3,579,997 3,656,061 2,679 27,781 30,460 Consumer finance 4,293 3,001 3,093 10,387 256,644 267,031 3,093 — 3,093 Tax services 1,123 — — 1,123 83,379 84,502 — — — Warehouse finance — — — — 394,814 394,814 — — — Total loans and leases held for investment 41,898 26,987 18,689 87,574 4,314,834 4,402,408 5,772 27,781 33,553 Total loans and leases $ 42,221 $ 27,533 $ 19,532 $ 89,286 $ 4,339,068 $ 4,428,354 $ 6,615 $ 27,781 $ 34,396 At September 30, 2023 Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases Nonperforming Loans and Leases (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due > 89 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Receivable > 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Balance Total Loans held for sale $ 626 $ 549 $ 306 $ 1,481 $ 76,298 $ 77,779 $ 306 $ — $ 306 Term lending 13,898 7,723 11,136 32,757 1,275,376 1,308,133 3,737 15,324 19,061 Asset-based lending — — 123 123 382,248 382,371 — 18,082 18,082 Factoring — — — — 358,344 358,344 — 1,298 1,298 Lease financing 6,865 158 4,828 11,851 171,541 183,392 4,242 1,666 5,908 Insurance premium finance 2,159 1,262 2,339 5,760 794,317 800,077 2,339 — 2,339 SBA/USDA 512 — 1,835 2,347 522,403 524,750 833 1,002 1,835 Other commercial finance — — 91 91 166,000 166,091 91 — 91 Commercial finance 23,434 9,143 20,352 52,929 3,670,229 3,723,158 11,242 37,372 48,614 Consumer finance 2,992 2,425 2,210 7,627 246,789 254,416 2,210 — 2,210 Tax services — — 5,082 5,082 110 5,192 5,082 — 5,082 Warehouse finance — — — — 376,915 376,915 — — — Total loans and leases held for investment 26,426 11,568 27,644 65,638 4,294,043 4,359,681 18,534 37,372 55,906 Total loans and leases $ 27,052 $ 12,117 $ 27,950 $ 67,119 $ 4,370,341 $ 4,437,460 $ 18,840 $ 37,372 $ 56,212 Nonaccrual loans and leases by year of origination were as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total Nonaccrual with No ACL At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Term lending $ 1,121 $ 2,683 $ 7,414 $ 2,222 $ 1,446 $ 4,074 $ — $ 18,960 $ — Factoring — — — — — — 4,580 4,580 — Lease financing — — 95 540 695 275 — 1,605 539 SBA/USDA — 1,307 79 — 1,005 245 — 2,636 750 Commercial finance 1,121 3,990 7,588 2,762 3,146 4,594 4,580 27,781 1,289 Total nonaccrual loans and leases $ 1,121 $ 3,990 $ 7,588 $ 2,762 $ 3,146 $ 4,594 $ 4,580 $ 27,781 $ 1,289 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total Nonaccrual with No ACL At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term lending $ 865 $ 4,942 $ 2,933 $ 2,165 $ 3,134 $ 1,285 $ — $ 15,324 $ — Asset-based lending — — — — — — 18,082 18,082 — Factoring — — — — — — 1,298 1,298 — Lease financing — — 446 660 — 560 — 1,666 1 SBA/USDA — 750 — — — 252 — 1,002 — Commercial finance 865 5,692 3,379 2,825 3,134 2,097 19,380 37,372 1 Total nonaccrual loans and leases $ 865 $ 5,692 $ 3,379 $ 2,825 $ 3,134 $ 2,097 $ 19,380 $ 37,372 $ 1 Loans and leases that are 90 days or more delinquent and accruing by year of origination were as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Loans held for sale $ — $ 843 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 843 Term lending — 185 58 393 254 — — 890 Lease financing 354 121 — — 2 275 — 752 Insurance premium finance 198 839 — — — — — 1,037 Commercial finance 552 1,145 58 393 256 275 — 2,679 Consumer finance 309 1,969 658 157 — — — 3,093 Total loans and leases held for investment 861 3,114 716 550 256 275 — 5,772 Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing $ 861 $ 3,957 $ 716 $ 550 $ 256 $ 275 $ — $ 6,615 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans held for sale $ 306 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 306 Term lending 1,604 1,371 500 233 29 — — 3,737 Lease financing 151 490 979 784 1,794 44 — 4,242 Insurance premium finance — 414 114 — 334 1,477 — 2,339 SBA/USDA — — — 833 — — — 833 Other commercial finance — — — — — 91 — 91 Commercial finance 1,755 2,275 1,593 1,850 2,157 1,612 — 11,242 Consumer finance 891 1,045 246 — — — 28 2,210 Tax services 5,082 — — — — — — 5,082 Total loans and leases held for investment 7,728 3,320 1,839 1,850 2,157 1,612 28 18,534 Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing $ 8,034 $ 3,320 $ 1,839 $ 1,850 $ 2,157 $ 1,612 $ 28 $ 18,840 Certain loans and leases 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal continue to accrue because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. The following table provides the average recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and leases: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Term lending $ 18,999 $ 9,758 $ 18,209 $ 9,277 Asset-based lending 82 5,292 4,896 4,782 Factoring 5,745 523 3,463 615 Lease financing 1,639 3,627 1,631 3,625 SBA/USDA 2,329 1,379 1,908 1,400 Commercial finance 28,794 20,579 30,107 19,699 Total loans and leases $ 28,794 $ 20,579 $ 30,107 $ 19,699 The recognized interest income on the Company's nonaccrual loans and leases for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was not significant. Effective October 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures on a prospective basis. Financial information at and for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 is reflected as such. The historical information disclosed is in accordance with Subtopic ASC 310-40, Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors . Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 were $1.6 million in the commercial finance loan portfolio. No loans were modified in a TDR during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023. The Company had an immaterial amount and $0.1 million of commercial finance loans that were modified within the previous 12 months experience a payment default during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. TDR net charge-offs and the impact of TDRs on the Company's allowance for credit losses were insignificant during the six months ended March 31, 2023.

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS")	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS")	EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS") The Company has granted restricted share awards with dividend rights that are considered to be participating securities. Accordingly, a portion of the Company’s earnings is allocated to those participating securities in the earnings per share calculation under the two-class method. Basic EPS is computed using the two-class method by dividing income available to common stockholders after the allocation of dividends and undistributed earnings to the participating securities by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is calculated using the more dilutive of the two-class method or the treasury stock method. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised, and is computed after giving consideration to the weighted average dilutive effect upon vesting of restricted stock grants and after the allocation of earnings to the participating securities. Antidilutive securities are disregarded in earnings per share calculations. Diluted EPS shown below reflects the two-class method, as diluted EPS under the two-class method was more dilutive than under the treasury stock method. A reconciliation of net income and common stock share amounts used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below. Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Basic income per common share: Net income attributable to Pathward Financial, Inc. $ 65,268 $ 54,771 $ 92,925 $ 82,613 Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities (524) (841) (744) (1,231) Basic net earnings available to common stockholders 64,744 53,930 92,181 81,382 Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stockholders 514 820 724 1,190 Reallocation of undistributed earnings to nonvested restricted stockholders (514) (818) (724) (1,187) Diluted net earnings available to common stockholders $ 64,744 $ 53,932 $ 92,181 $ 81,385 Total weighted-average basic common shares outstanding 25,281,743 27,078,048 25,529,186 27,555,197 Effect of dilutive securities (1) Performance share units 29,401 91,521 26,470 77,540 Total effect of dilutive securities 29,401 91,521 26,470 77,540 Total weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding 25,311,144 27,169,569 25,555,656 27,632,737 Net earnings per common share: Basic earnings per common share $ 2.56 $ 1.99 $ 3.61 $ 2.95 Diluted earnings per common share (2) $ 2.56 $ 1.99 $ 3.61 $ 2.95 (1) Represents the effect of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of performance share units and restricted stock, as applicable, utilizing the treasury stock method. (2) Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were 204,877 and 422,461 weighted average shares of nonvested restricted stock because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were 206,060 and 417,012 weighted average shares of nonvested restricted stock because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET	RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET Rental equipment consists of the following: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Computers and IT networking equipment $ 24,435 $ 25,094 Motor vehicles and other 135,158 122,845 Other furniture and equipment 37,086 37,637 Solar panels and equipment 134,917 142,355 Total 331,596 327,931 Accumulated depreciation (116,864) (117,418) Unamortized initial direct costs 1,153 1,237 Net book value $ 215,885 $ 211,750 Future minimum lease payments expected to be received for operating leases at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 22,318 2025 39,532 2026 29,630 2027 21,494 2028 12,248 Thereafter 11,693 Total $ 136,915

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS	GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS The Company held a total of $309.5 million of goodwill at March 31, 2024. The recorded goodwill is a result of multiple business combinations that occurred from 2015 to 2018. There have been no changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the six months ended March 31, 2024. The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s intangible assets were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Trademark (1) Non-Compete Customer Relationships (2) All Others (3) Total At September 30, 2023 $ 7,477 $ — $ 9,110 $ 4,133 $ 20,720 Amortization during the period (527) — (1,431) (266) (2,224) At March 31, 2024 $ 6,950 $ — $ 7,679 $ 3,867 $ 18,496 Gross carrying amount $ 13,774 $ 301 $ 77,578 $ 7,798 $ 99,451 Accumulated amortization (6,824) (301) (58,981) (3,712) (69,818) Accumulated impairment — — (10,918) (219) (11,137) At March 31, 2024 $ 6,950 $ — $ 7,679 $ 3,867 $ 18,496 At September 30, 2022 $ 8,605 $ — $ 12,395 $ 4,691 $ 25,691 Amortization during the period (609) — (1,819) (265) (2,693) At March 31, 2023 $ 7,996 $ — $ 10,576 $ 4,426 $ 22,998 Gross carrying amount $ 14,624 $ 2,481 $ 82,088 $ 9,940 $ 109,133 Accumulated amortization (6,628) (2,481) (60,594) (5,296) (74,999) Accumulated impairment — — (10,918) (218) (11,136) At March 31, 2023 $ 7,996 $ — $ 10,576 $ 4,426 $ 22,998 (1) Book amortization period of 5-15 years. Amortized using the straight line and accelerated methods. (2) Book amortization period of 10-30 years. Amortized using the accelerated method. (3) Book amortization period of 3-20 years. Amortized using the straight line method. The estimated amortization expense of intangible assets assumes no activities, such as acquisitions, which would result in additional amortizable intangible assets. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets in the remaining six months of fiscal 2024 and subsequent fiscal years at March 31, 2024 was as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 1,904 2025 3,563 2026 3,217 2027 2,571 2028 2,261 Thereafter 4,980 Total anticipated intangible amortization $ 18,496 There were no impairments to intangible assets during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Intangible impairment expense is recorded within the impairment expense line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE AS

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES	OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, included in other assets Operating lease liabilities, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities Undiscounted future minimum operating lease payments and a reconciliation to the amount recorded as operating lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 2,132 2025 3,985 2026 3,435 2027 3,152 2028 3,095 Thereafter 15,545 Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments 31,344 Discount (3,526) Total operating lease liabilities $ 27,818 The weighted-average discount rate and remaining lease term for operating leases were as follows: March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Weighted-average discount rate 2.44 % 2.38 % Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 9.11 9.66 The components of total lease costs for operating leases were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Lease expense $ 992 $ 982 $ 2,017 $ 1,996 Short-term and variable lease cost 30 42 23 84 Sublease income (269) (339) (639) (672) Total lease cost for operating leases $ 753 $ 685 $ 1,401 $ 1,408

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Repurchase of Common Stock. The Company's Board of Directors authorized the September 3, 2021 share repurchase program to repurchase up to 6,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock. This authorization is effective from September 3, 2021 through September 30, 2024. On August 25, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors announced a share repurchase program to repurchase up to an additional 7,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock on or before September 30, 2028. During the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchased 996,773 and 1,826,694 shares, respectively, as part of the share repurchase programs. Under the repurchase programs, repurchased shares were retired and designated as authorized but unissued shares. The Company accounts for repurchased shares using the par value method under which the repurchase price is charged to paid-in capital up to the amount of the original proceeds of those shares. When the repurchase price is greater than the original issue proceeds, the excess is charged to retained earnings. As of March 31, 2024, 7,669,663 shares of common stock remained available for repurchase. For the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company also repurchased 122,452 and 59,626 shares, or $5.8 million and $2.1 million, of common stock, respectively, in settlement of employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock. Retirement of Treasury Stock. The Company accounts for the retirement of repurchased shares, including treasury stock, using the par value method under which the repurchase price is charged to paid-in capital up to the amount of the original proceeds of those shares. When the repurchase price is greater than the original issue proceeds, the excess is charged to retained earnings. The Company retired no shares of common stock held in treasury during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

STOCK COMPENSATION

STOCK COMPENSATION	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
STOCK COMPENSATION	STOCK COMPENSATION On February 27, 2024, the shareholders of the Company voted to approve the Pathward Financial, Inc. 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan permits the granting of various types of awards including but not limited to nonvested (restricted) shares and performance share units ("PSUs") to certain officers and directors of the Company. Awards may be granted by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors based on the performance of the award recipients or other relevant factors. Shares have previously been granted each year to executives and senior leadership members under the applicable Company incentive plan. These shares vest at various times ranging from immediately to three years based on circumstances at time of grant. The fair value is determined based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Director shares are issued to the Company’s directors, and these shares have historically vested from immediate to up to one year from the grant date. The Company also grants selected executives PSU awards. The vesting of these awards is contingent on meeting company-wide performance goals, including earnings per share. PSUs are generally granted at the market value of the underlying share on the date of grant, adjusted for dividends, as performance share units do not participate in dividends. The awards contingently vest over a period of three years and have payout levels ranging from a threshold of 50% to a maximum of 200%. Upon vesting, each performance share unit earned is converted into one share of common stock. The fair value of the PSUs is determined by the dividend-adjusted fair value on the grant date for those awards subject to a performance condition. For those PSUs subject to a market condition, a simulation valuation is performed. In addition, during the first and second quarters of fiscal year 2017, shares were granted to certain executive officers of the Company in connection with their signing of employment agreements with the Company. These stock awards vest in equal installments over eight years. The following tables show the activity of share awards (including shares of restricted stock subject to vesting, fully-vested restricted stock, and PSUs) granted, exercised or forfeited under all of the Company's incentive plans during the six months ended March 31, 2024. Number of Shares Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Nonvested shares outstanding, September 30, 2023 370,151 $ 35.87 Granted 177,317 49.53 Vested (277,447) 39.33 Forfeited or expired (6,428) 41.84 Nonvested shares outstanding, March 31, 2024 263,593 $ 41.27 Number of Units (1) Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Performance share units outstanding, September 30, 2023 155,804 $ 41.20 Granted 52,125 50.15 Vested (60,984) 55.47 Forfeited or expired — — Performance share units outstanding, March 31, 2024 146,945 $ 47.35 (1) The activity in this table includes 60,984 shares related to the fiscal year 2021 performance share units, which are included in this table under the assumption of a target performance achievement. The final performance was assessed after September 30, 2023, resulted in an achievement greater than target, and an additional 47,252 shares were allocated to the participants in the plan. Compensation expense for share-based awards is recorded over the vesting period at the fair value of the award at the time of the grant. The exercise price of fair value of nonvested (restricted) shares and PSUs granted under the Company’s incentive plans is equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date, adjusted for dividends where applicable. The Company has elected to record forfeitures as they occur. At March 31, 2024, stock-based compensation expense not yet recognized in income totaled $10.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 1.61 years.

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
INCOME TAXES	INCOME TAXES The Company recorded an income tax expense of $21.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2024, resulting in an effective tax rate of 18.33%, compared to an income tax expense of $15.8 million, or an effective tax rate of 15.83%, for the six months ended March 31, 2023. The Company’s effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily because of the effect of investment tax credits during fiscal year 2024. The Company's effective tax rate in the future will depend in part on actual investment tax credits generated from qualified renewable energy property. The table below compares the income tax expense components for the periods presented. Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 Provision at statutory rate $ 23,917 $ 20,657 Tax-exempt income (341) (398) State income taxes 4,550 4,285 Interim period effective rate adjustment 4,581 (483) Tax credit investments, net - federal (11,363) (7,916) Research tax credit — (805) IRC 162(m) nondeductible compensation 340 576 Other, net (719) (163) Income tax expense $ 20,965 $ 15,753 Effective tax rate 18.33 % 15.83 %

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUS

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS	REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS The table below presents the Company’s revenue by operating segment. For additional descriptions of the Company’s operating segments, including additional financial information and the underlying management accounting process, see Note 13. Segment Reporting to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. (Dollars in thousands) Consumer Commercial Corporate Services/Other Consolidated Company Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net interest income (1) $ 56,527 $ 41,418 $ 44,913 $ 46,758 $ 16,861 $ 13,229 $ 118,301 $ 101,405 Noninterest income: Refund transfer product fees 28,942 30,205 — — — — 28,942 30,205 Refund advance fee income (1) 43,200 37,995 — — — — 43,200 37,995 Card and deposit fees 35,097 41,828 241 252 6 7 35,344 42,087 Rental income (1) — — 13,594 12,737 126 203 13,720 12,940 Gain (loss) on sale of other (1) 16 — 1,607 (748) 72 82 1,695 (666) Other income (1) 2,432 1,748 2,307 1,935 1,305 794 6,044 4,477 Total noninterest income 109,687 111,776 17,749 14,176 1,509 1,086 128,945 127,038 Revenue $ 166,214 $ 153,194 $ 62,662 $ 60,934 $ 18,370 $ 14,315 $ 247,246 $ 228,443 Six Months Ended March 31, Net interest income (1) $ 115,883 $ 75,690 $ 90,794 $ 89,082 $ 21,660 $ 20,690 $ 228,337 $ 185,462 Noninterest income: Refund transfer product fees 29,364 30,882 — — — — 29,364 30,882 Refund advance fee income (1) 43,311 38,612 — — — — 43,311 38,612 Card and deposit fees 65,604 79,280 477 513 13 12 66,094 79,805 Rental income (1) — — 26,829 25,252 350 396 27,179 25,648 Gain on sale of trademarks — — — — — 10,000 — 10,000 Gain (loss) on sale of other (1) (15) — 1,969 (246) 2,581 82 4,535 (164) Other income (1) 4,210 2,541 4,473 3,019 2,540 2,472 11,223 8,032 Total noninterest income 142,474 151,315 33,748 28,538 5,484 12,962 181,706 192,815 Revenue $ 258,357 $ 227,005 $ 124,542 $ 117,620 $ 27,144 $ 33,652 $ 410,043 $ 378,277 (1) These revenues are not within the scope of Topic 606. Additional details are included in other footnotes to the accompanying financial statements. The scope of Topic 606 explicitly excludes net interest income as well as many other revenues for financial assets and liabilities, including loans, leases, and securities. Following is a discussion of key revenues within the scope of Topic 606. The Company provides services to customers that have related performance obligations that must be completed to recognize revenue. Revenues are generally recognized immediately upon the completion of the service or over time as services are performed. Any services performed over time generally require that the Company renders services each period; therefore, the Company measures progress in completing these services based upon the passage of time. Revenue from contracts with customers did not generate significant contract assets and liabilities for the six months ended March 31, 2024. Refund Transfer Product Fees. Refund transfer fees are specific to the Banking as a Service ("BaaS") business line and reflect product fees offered by the Company through third-party tax preparers and tax preparation software providers where the Company acts as the partnering financial institution. A refund transfer allows a taxpayer to pay tax preparation and filing fees directly from their federal or state government tax refund, with the remainder of the refund being disbursed in accordance with the terms and conditions of the taxpayer agreement, which may include satisfaction of other disbursement obligations before going directly to the taxpayer via check, direct deposit, or prepaid card. Refund transfer fees are recognized by the Company immediately after the taxpayer's refund has been disbursed in accordance with the contract and are based on standalone pricing included within the terms and conditions. Certain expenses to tax preparation software providers are netted with refund transfer fee income as the Company is considered the agent in these contractual relationships. All refund transfer fees are recorded within the Consumer reporting segment. Card and Deposit Fees. Card fees relate to the BaaS business line and consists of income from prepaid cards and merchant services, including interchange fees from prepaid cards processed through card association networks, merchant services and other card related services. Interchange rates are generally set by card association networks based on transaction volume and other factors. Since interchange fees are generated by cardholder activity, the Company recognizes the income as transactions occur. Fee income for merchant services and other card related services reflect account management and transaction fees charged to merchants for processing card association network transactions. The associated income is recognized as transactions occur or as services are performed. For the Company's internally managed prepaid card programs, fees are based on standalone pricing within the terms and conditions of the cardholder agreement. The Company is considered the principal of these relationships resulting in all fee income being presented on a gross basis within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the Company's sponsorship prepaid card programs where a third-party is considered the Program Manager, the fees are based on standalone pricing within the terms and conditions of the Program Agreement. For these relationships, the Company is considered the agent and certain expenses with the Program Manager, networks and associations are netted with card fee revenue. All card fee income is included in the Consumer reporting segment. Deposit fees relate to the BaaS and Commercial Finance business lines and consist of income from banking and deposit-related services, including account services, overdraft protection, and wire transfers. Fee income for account services is recognized over the course of the month as the performance obligation is satisfied. Fee income for overdraft protection and wire transfers is recognized at the point in time when such event occurs. For BaaS, the fees for account services and overdraft protection are based on standalone pricing within the terms and conditions of the Program Agreement with the sponsorship partner. For these relationships, the Company is considered the agent and certain expenses with the partner are netted with deposit fee revenue. For Commercial Finance, fees for wire transfers are based on standalone pricing within the terms and conditions of the customer deposit agreement. Bank and deposit fees for the BaaS and Commercial Finance business lines are included in the Consumer and Commercial reporting segments, respectively. Also included within Card and Deposit Fees for the Consumer reporting segment are servicing fees the Company recognizes for custodial off-balance sheet deposits. This fee income is for services the Bank performs to maintain records of cardholder funds placed at one or more third-party banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). The servicing fee is typically reflective of the effective federal funds rate ("EFFR").

SEGMENT REPORTING

SEGMENT REPORTING	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
SEGMENT REPORTING	SEGMENT REPORTING An operating segment is generally defined as a component of a business for which discrete financial information is available and whose results are reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker. Operating segments are aggregated into reportable segments if certain criteria are met. The Company reports its results of operations through the following three business segments: Consumer, Commercial, and Corporate Services/Other. The BaaS business line is reported in the Consumer segment. The Commercial Finance business line is reported in the Commercial segment. The Corporate Services/Other segment includes certain shared services as well as treasury related functions such as the investment portfolio, warehouse finance, wholesale deposits, and borrowings. The following table presents segment data for the Company: (Dollars in thousands) Consumer Commercial Corporate Services/Other Total Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net interest income $ 56,527 $ 41,418 $ 44,913 $ 46,758 $ 16,861 $ 13,229 $ 118,301 $ 101,405 Provision for credit loss 25,452 31,654 555 5,012 45 97 26,052 36,763 Noninterest income 109,687 111,776 17,749 14,176 1,509 1,086 128,945 127,038 Noninterest expense 59,452 49,910 38,130 38,846 42,849 38,380 140,431 127,136 Income (loss) before income tax expense 81,310 71,630 23,977 17,076 (24,524) (24,162) 80,763 64,544 Total assets 493,718 361,528 4,124,909 3,581,677 2,818,490 2,925,051 7,437,117 6,868,256 Total goodwill 87,145 87,145 222,360 222,360 — — 309,505 309,505 Total deposits 6,063,339 5,744,278 7,143 9,313 297,862 149,105 6,368,344 5,902,696 Six Months Ended March 31, Net interest income $ 115,883 $ 75,690 $ 90,794 $ 89,082 $ 21,660 $ 20,690 $ 228,337 $ 185,462 Provision for credit loss 28,906 34,894 7,018 11,595 18 50 35,942 46,539 Noninterest income 142,474 151,315 33,748 28,538 5,484 12,962 181,706 192,815 Noninterest expense 109,465 84,404 72,986 71,595 77,254 76,196 259,705 232,195 Income (loss) before income tax expense 119,986 107,707 44,538 34,430 (50,128) (42,594) 114,396 99,543 Total assets 493,718 361,528 4,124,909 3,581,677 2,818,490 2,925,051 7,437,117 6,868,256 Total goodwill 87,145 87,145 222,360 222,360 — — 309,505 309,505 Total deposits 6,063,339 5,744,278 7,143 9,313 297,862 149,105 6,368,344 5,902,696

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUM

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS	FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities using a hierarchy system and requires disclosures about fair value measurement. It clarifies that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts. The fair value hierarchy is as follows: Level 1 Inputs - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at measurement date. Level 2 Inputs - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 3 Inputs - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market and are used only to the extent that observable inputs are not available. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Debt Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity . Debt securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and debt securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost. The fair value of debt securities available for sale, categorized primarily as Level 2, is recorded using prices obtained from independent asset pricing services that are based on observable transactions, but not quoted markets. Management reviews the prices obtained from independent asset pricing services for unusual fluctuations and compares to current market trading activity. Equity Securities. Marketable equity securities and certain non-marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values of marketable equity securities are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs). The following tables summarize the fair values of debt securities available for sale and equity securities as they are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. At March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Debt securities AFS Corporate securities $ 18,125 $ — $ 18,125 $ — SBA securities 84,797 — 84,797 — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 507 — 507 — Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 222,669 — 222,669 — Asset-backed securities 223,414 — 223,414 — Mortgage-backed securities 1,229,946 — 1,229,946 — Total debt securities AFS $ 1,779,458 $ — $ 1,779,458 $ — Common equities and mutual funds (1) $ 4,334 $ 4,334 $ — $ — Non-marketable equity securities (2) $ 10,000 $ — $ — $ — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at March 31, 2024. (2) Consists of certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using net asset value ("NAV") per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Debt securities AFS Corporate securities $ 18,250 $ — $ 18,250 $ — SBA securities 85,242 — 85,242 — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 2,289 — 2,289 — Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 226,723 — 226,723 — Asset-backed securities 246,199 — 246,199 — Mortgage-backed securities 1,225,525 — 1,225,525 — Total debt securities AFS $ 1,804,228 $ — $ 1,804,228 $ — Common equities and mutual funds (1) $ 3,378 $ 3,378 $ — $ — Non-marketable equity securities (2) $ 8,389 $ — $ — $ — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2023. (2) Consists of certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Loans and Leases. The Company does not record loans and leases at fair value on a recurring basis. However, if a loan or lease is individually evaluated for risk of credit loss and repayment is expected to be solely provided by the values of the underlying collateral, the Company measures fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Fair value is determined by the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of the collateral is determined based on the internal estimates and/or assessment provided by third-party appraisers and the valuation relies on discount rates ranging from 3% to 44%. The following tables summarize the assets of the Company that are measured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition on a nonrecurring basis: At March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss Commercial finance $ 9,234 $ — $ — $ 9,234 Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss 9,234 — — 9,234 Total $ 9,234 $ — $ — $ 9,234 At September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss Commercial finance $ 21,829 $ — $ — $ 21,829 Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss 21,829 — — 21,829 Total $ 21,829 $ — $ — $ 21,829 Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value at March 31, 2024 Fair Value at September 30, 2023 Valuation Unobservable Input Range of Inputs Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss $ 9,234 $ 21,829 Market approach Appraised values (1) 3% - 44% (1) The Company generally relies on external appraisers to develop this information. Management reduced the appraised value by estimating selling costs and other inputs in a range of 3% to 44%. Management discloses the estimated fair value of financial instruments, including assets and liabilities on and off the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. These fair value estimates were made at March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023 based on relevant market information and information about financial instruments. Fair value estimates are intended to represent the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be settled. However, since there is no active market for certain financial instruments of the Company, the estimates of fair value are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties, and include matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions as well as tax considerations could significantly affect the estimated values. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value estimates are not intended to represent the underlying value of the Company, on either a going concern or a liquidation basis. The following tables present the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the financial instruments held by the Company: At March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Estimated Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 347,888 $ 347,888 $ 347,888 $ — $ — Debt securities available for sale 1,779,458 1,779,458 — 1,779,458 — Debt securities held to maturity 34,682 31,113 — 31,113 — Common equities and mutual funds (1) 4,334 4,334 4,334 — — Non-marketable equity securities (1)(2) 20,522 20,522 — 10,522 — Loans held for sale 25,946 25,946 — 25,946 — Loans and leases 4,402,408 4,339,150 — — 4,339,150 Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks 25,844 25,844 — 25,844 — Accrued interest receivable 30,294 30,294 30,294 — — Financial liabilities Deposits 6,368,344 6,368,058 6,267,603 100,455 — Overnight federal funds purchased 31,000 31,000 31,000 — — Other short- and long-term borrowings 33,373 31,297 — 31,297 — Accrued interest payable 1,961 1,961 1,961 — — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at March 31, 2024. (2) Includes certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Estimated Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 375,580 $ 375,580 $ 375,580 $ — $ — Debt securities available for sale 1,804,228 1,804,228 — 1,804,228 — Debt securities held to maturity 36,591 31,425 — 31,425 — Common equities and mutual funds (1) 3,378 3,378 3,378 — — Non-marketable equity securities (1)(2) 20,453 20,453 — 12,064 — Loans held for sale 77,779 77,779 — 77,779 — Loans and leases 4,359,681 4,223,010 — — 4,223,010 Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks 28,210 28,210 — 28,210 — Accrued interest receivable 23,282 23,282 23,282 — — Financial liabilities Deposits 6,589,182 6,589,065 6,583,648 5,417 — Overnight federal funds purchased 13,000 13,000 13,000 — — Other short- and long-term borrowings 33,873 31,187 — 31,187 — Accrued interest payable 247 247 247 — — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2023. (2) Includes certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Management has evaluated subsequent events that occurred after March 31, 2024. During this period, up to the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, management did not identify any material subsequent events that would require recognition or disclosure in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of or for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income attributable to Pathward Financial, Inc.	$ 65,268	$ 54,771	$ 92,925	$ 82,613

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements - Director and Officer Trading Arrangement [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUN_2

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES ("ASU") (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Adopted ASUs	Significant accounting policies in effect and disclosed within the Company’s most recent audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 remain substantially unchanged. The following ASU became effective for the Company on October 1, 2023, and did not have a material impact on the Company’s significant accounting policies or Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements: ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU eliminate accounting guidance for troubled-debt restructurings ("TDRs") by creditors in Subtopic ASC 310-40, Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, and enhance disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The ASU also requires current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination to be disclosed for loans and leases within scope of Topic 326.

SECURITIES (Tables)

SECURITIES (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Securities Available for Sale	The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values of available for sale ("AFS") and held to maturity ("HTM") debt securities are presented below. (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Debt Securities AFS At March 31, 2024 Corporate securities $ 25,000 $ — $ (6,875) $ 18,125 SBA securities 91,979 — (7,182) 84,797 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 540 — (33) 507 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 258,421 14 (35,766) 222,669 Asset-backed securities 228,852 420 (5,858) 223,414 Mortgage-backed securities 1,448,649 12 (218,715) 1,229,946 Total debt securities AFS $ 2,053,441 $ 446 $ (274,429) $ 1,779,458 At September 30, 2023 Corporate securities $ 25,000 $ — $ (6,750) $ 18,250 SBA securities 95,549 — (10,307) 85,242 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 2,368 — (79) 2,289 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 269,396 — (42,673) 226,723 Asset-backed securities 255,384 234 (9,419) 246,199 Mortgage-backed securities 1,495,636 — (270,111) 1,225,525 Total debt securities AFS $ 2,143,333 $ 234 $ (339,339) $ 1,804,228 Debt Securities HTM At March 31, 2024 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 32,602 $ — $ (3,321) $ 29,281 Mortgage-backed securities 2,080 — (248) 1,832 Total debt securities HTM $ 34,682 $ — $ (3,569) $ 31,113 At September 30, 2023 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ 34,415 $ — $ (4,844) $ 29,571 Mortgage-backed securities 2,176 — (322) 1,854 Total debt securities HTM $ 36,591 $ — $ (5,166) $ 31,425
Securities Held to Maturity
Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments, AFS	Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows: LESS THAN 12 MONTHS OVER 12 MONTHS TOTAL (Dollars in thousands) Fair Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Gross Unrealized (Losses) Debt Securities AFS At March 31, 2024 Corporate securities $ — $ — $ 18,125 $ (6,875) $ 18,125 $ (6,875) SBA securities 22,894 (978) 61,903 (6,204) 84,797 (7,182) Obligations of state and political subdivisions — — 506 (33) 506 (33) Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 940 (20) 219,665 (35,746) 220,605 (35,766) Asset-backed securities — — 103,409 (5,858) 103,409 (5,858) Mortgage-backed securities 17,317 (371) 1,211,570 (218,344) 1,228,887 (218,715) Total debt securities AFS $ 41,151 $ (1,369) $ 1,615,178 $ (273,060) $ 1,656,329 $ (274,429) At September 30, 2023 Corporate securities $ — $ — $ 18,250 $ (6,750) $ 18,250 $ (6,750) SBA securities 22,327 (1,919) 62,915 (8,388) 85,242 (10,307) Obligations of state and political subdivisions — — 2,289 (79) 2,289 (79) Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 5,010 (83) 221,714 (42,590) 226,723 (42,673) Asset-backed securities 46,528 (224) 115,608 (9,195) 162,136 (9,419) Mortgage-backed securities 18,311 (944) 1,207,214 (269,167) 1,225,525 (270,111) Total debt securities AFS $ 92,176 $ (3,170) $ 1,627,990 $ (336,169) $ 1,720,165 $ (339,339) Debt Securities HTM At March 31, 2024 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ — $ — $ 29,281 $ (3,321) $ 29,281 $ (3,321) Mortgage-backed securities — — 1,832 (248) 1,832 (248) Total debt securities HTM $ — $ — $ 31,113 $ (3,569) $ 31,113 $ (3,569) At September 30, 2023 Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions $ — $ — $ 29,571 $ (4,844) $ 29,571 $ (4,844) Mortgage-backed securities — — 1,854 (322) 1,854 (322) Total debt securities HTM $ — $ — $ 31,425 $ (5166) $ 31,425 $ (5,166)
Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Debt Securities by Contractual Maturity	The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Certain securities have call features that allow the issuer to call the security prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities in MBS because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, MBS are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary. The expected maturities of certain SBA securities may differ from contractual maturities because the borrowers may have the right to prepay the obligation. However, certain prepayment penalties may apply. (Dollars in thousands) At March 31, 2024 At September 30, 2023 Debt Securities AFS Amortized Cost Fair Amortized Cost Fair Due in one year or less $ 1,188 $ 1,175 $ 5,023 $ 4,971 Due after one year through five years 19,591 18,249 11,175 10,292 Due after five years through ten years 73,455 63,343 79,139 66,428 Due after ten years 510,558 466,745 552,360 497,012 604,792 549,512 647,697 578,703 Mortgage-backed securities 1,448,649 1,229,946 1,495,636 1,225,525 Total debt securities AFS $ 2,053,441 $ 1,779,458 $ 2,143,333 $ 1,804,228 Debt Securities HTM Due after ten years $ 32,602 $ 29,281 $ 34,415 $ 29,571 32,602 29,281 34,415 29,571 Mortgage-backed securities 2,080 1,832 2,176 1,854 Total debt securities HTM $ 34,682 $ 31,113 $ 36,591 $ 31,425

LOANS AND LEASES, NET (Tables)

LOANS AND LEASES, NET (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Loans Receivable	Loans and leases consist of the following: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Term lending $ 1,489,054 $ 1,308,133 Asset-based lending 429,556 382,371 Factoring 336,442 358,344 Lease financing 168,616 183,392 Insurance premium finance 522,904 800,077 SBA/USDA 560,433 524,750 Other commercial finance 149,056 166,091 Commercial finance 3,656,061 3,723,158 Consumer finance 267,031 254,416 Tax services 84,502 5,192 Warehouse finance 394,814 376,915 Total loans and leases 4,402,408 4,359,681 Net deferred loan origination costs 6,977 6,435 Total gross loans and leases 4,409,385 4,366,116 Allowance for credit losses (80,777) (49,705) Total loans and leases, net $ 4,328,608 $ 4,316,411
Schedule of Loans Purchased and Sold by Portfolio Segment	Loans purchased and sold by portfolio segment, including participation interests, were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Loans Purchased Loans held for investment: Warehouse finance $ 73,701 $ 120,185 $ 163,091 $ 187,834 Total purchases $ 73,701 $ 120,185 $ 163,091 $ 187,834 Loans Sold Loans held for sale: Commercial finance $ 21,173 $ 294 $ 25,045 $ 1,149 Consumer finance 321,489 201,199 943,953 603,214 Total sales $ 342,662 $ 201,493 $ 968,998 $ 604,363
Sales-type Lease, Lease Income	The net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases was comprised of the following: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Minimum lease payments receivable $ 177,498 $ 191,807 Unguaranteed residual assets 12,171 12,709 Unamortized initial direct costs 82 141 Unearned income (21,053) (21,124) Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases $ 168,698 $ 183,533
Operating Lease, Lease Income	The components of total lease income were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Interest income - loans and leases Interest income on net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases $ 2,853 $ 2,819 $ 5,961 $ 5,962 Leasing and equipment finance noninterest income Lease income from operating lease payments 13,605 12,843 26,860 25,397 Other (1) 869 (356) 1,593 346 Total leasing and equipment finance noninterest income 14,474 12,487 28,453 25,743 Total lease income $ 17,327 $ 15,306 $ 34,414 $ 31,705 (1) Other leasing and equipment finance noninterest income consists of gains (losses) on sales of leased equipment, fees and service charges on leases and gains (losses) on sales of leases.
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable, Maturity	Undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases, and a reconciliation to the carrying amount recorded at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 36,927 2025 53,952 2026 34,868 2027 21,176 2028 16,575 Thereafter 14,000 Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases 177,498 Third-party residual value guarantees — Total carrying amount of direct financing and sales-type leases $ 177,498
Annual Activity in Allowance for Loan Losses, Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans	Activity in the allowance for credit losses and balances of loans and leases by portfolio segment was as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 27,013 $ 6,303 $ (5,176) $ 487 $ 28,627 Asset-based lending 1,370 (254) — 99 1,215 Factoring 7,433 (623) (12) 16 6,814 Lease financing 4,008 (2,547) 28 62 1,551 Insurance premium finance 2,123 (532) (295) 113 1,409 SBA/USDA 3,289 (347) — — 2,942 Other commercial finance 3,312 (1,592) — — 1,720 Commercial finance 48,548 408 (5,455) 777 44,278 Consumer finance 4,380 231 (37) 2 4,576 Tax services 507 25,221 — 5,800 31,528 Warehouse finance 350 45 — — 395 Total loans and leases 53,785 25,905 (5,492) 6,579 80,777 Unfunded commitments (1) 596 147 — — 743 Total $ 54,381 $ 26,052 $ (5,492) $ 6,579 $ 81,520 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 26,752 $ 3,974 $ (2,705) $ 394 $ 28,415 Asset-based lending 3,903 51 (2,873) — 1,081 Factoring 5,674 (40) (62) 16 5,588 Lease financing 5,238 (183) (607) 101 4,549 Insurance premium finance 1,261 155 (224) 71 1,263 SBA/USDA 2,632 2 — 6 2,640 Other commercial finance 3,356 976 — — 4,332 Commercial finance 48,816 4,935 (6,471) 588 47,868 Consumer finance 2,887 232 (154) — 2,965 Tax services 609 31,422 — 1,063 33,094 Warehouse finance 280 97 — — 377 Total loans and leases 52,592 36,686 (6,625) 1,651 84,304 Unfunded commitments (1) 279 77 — — 356 Total $ 52,871 $ 36,763 $ (6,625) $ 1,651 $ 84,660 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 25,686 $ 12,125 $ (10,297) $ 1,113 $ 28,627 Asset-based lending 2,738 (1,764) — 241 1,215 Factoring 6,566 128 (35) 155 6,814 Lease financing 3,302 (1,781) (125) 155 1,551 Insurance premium finance 2,637 (771) (660) 203 1,409 SBA/USDA 2,962 (20) — — 2,942 Other commercial finance 3,089 (1,369) — — 1,720 Commercial finance 46,980 6,548 (11,117) 1,867 44,278 Consumer finance 2,346 2,328 (100) 2 4,576 Tax services 2 26,577 (1,145) 6,094 31,528 Warehouse finance 377 18 — — 395 Total loans and leases 49,705 35,471 (12,362) 7,963 80,777 Unfunded commitments (1) 272 471 — — 743 Total $ 49,977 $ 35,942 $ (12,362) $ 7,963 $ 81,520 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Provision (Reversal) Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance Allowance for credit losses: Term lending $ 24,621 $ 7,645 $ (4,522) $ 671 $ 28,415 Asset-based lending 1,050 2,904 (2,873) — 1,081 Factoring 6,556 (804) (183) 19 5,588 Lease financing 5,902 (621) (1,013) 281 4,549 Insurance premium finance 1,450 108 (409) 114 1,263 SBA/USDA 3,263 (649) — 26 2,640 Other commercial finance 1,310 3,022 — — 4,332 Commercial finance 44,152 11,605 (9,000) 1,111 47,868 Consumer finance 1,463 1,835 (333) — 2,965 Tax services 5 33,059 (1,731) 1,761 33,094 Warehouse finance 327 50 — — 377 Total loans and leases 45,947 46,549 (11,064) 2,872 84,304 Unfunded commitments (1) 366 (10) — — 356 Total $ 46,313 $ 46,539 $ (11,064) $ 2,872 $ 84,660 (1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Impaired Loans and Leases	Information on loans and leases that are deemed to be collateral dependent and are evaluated individually for the ACL was as follows: (Dollars in thousands) At March 31, 2024 At September 30, 2023 Term lending $ 7,100 $ 3,516 Asset-based lending 1,213 19,226 Factoring 5,103 1,133 Lease financing 647 630 SBA/USDA 1,748 750 Commercial finance (1) 15,811 25,255 Total $ 15,811 $ 25,255 (1) For Commercial Finance, collateral dependent financial assets have collateral in the form of cash, equipment, or other business assets. The following table provides the average recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and leases: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Term lending $ 18,999 $ 9,758 $ 18,209 $ 9,277 Asset-based lending 82 5,292 4,896 4,782 Factoring 5,745 523 3,463 615 Lease financing 1,639 3,627 1,631 3,625 SBA/USDA 2,329 1,379 1,908 1,400 Commercial finance 28,794 20,579 30,107 19,699 Total loans and leases $ 28,794 $ 20,579 $ 30,107 $ 19,699
Asset Classification by Credit Quality Indicators of Loans and Leases	The amortized cost basis of loans and leases by asset classification and year of origination was as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Term lending Pass $ 308,787 $ 492,087 $ 125,586 $ 97,696 $ 54,397 $ 48,457 $ — $ 1,127,010 Watch 66,389 42,282 46,196 24,715 3,456 1,549 — 184,587 Special mention 920 14,887 7,222 19,254 10,145 114 — 52,542 Substandard 9,546 35,689 23,732 21,362 22,623 4,730 — 117,682 Doubtful — 601 3,135 1,657 534 1,306 — 7,233 Total 385,642 585,546 205,871 164,684 91,155 56,156 — 1,489,054 Current period charge-offs — 1,336 5,063 2,314 1,351 233 — 10,297 Asset-based lending Pass — — — — — — 229,053 229,053 Watch — — — — — — 176,233 176,233 Special mention — — — — — — 21,530 21,530 Substandard — — — — — — 2,740 2,740 Total — — — — — — 429,556 429,556 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Factoring Pass — — — — — — 272,222 272,222 Watch — — — — — — 38,237 38,237 Special mention — — — — — — 7,459 7,459 Substandard — — — — — — 16,970 16,970 Doubtful — — — — — — 1,554 1,554 Total — — — — — — 336,442 336,442 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — 35 35 Lease financing Pass 29,214 57,899 11,949 10,795 17,486 2,851 — 130,194 Watch 1,210 164 9,047 9,295 2,019 398 — 22,133 Special mention — 278 — — 1,026 45 — 1,349 Substandard 52 6,013 1,165 3,506 2,291 1,612 — 14,639 Doubtful — — — 58 — 243 — 301 Total 30,476 64,354 22,161 23,654 22,822 5,149 — 168,616 Current period charge-offs — — — 58 67 — — 125 Insurance premium finance Pass 380,580 141,340 56 — — — — 521,976 Watch 90 254 — — — — — 344 Special mention 30 270 — — — — — 300 Substandard 5 152 — — — — — 157 Doubtful — 127 — — — — — 127 Total 380,705 142,143 56 — — — — 522,904 Current period charge-offs — 487 173 — — — — 660 SBA/USDA Pass 34,482 184,511 182,889 25,243 25,614 40,539 — 493,278 Watch — 12,241 55 1,111 6,592 3,077 — 23,076 Special mention — — 1,325 — 2,783 369 — 4,477 Substandard — 10,144 11,173 1,295 5,217 11,694 — 39,523 Doubtful — — 79 — — — — 79 Total 34,482 206,896 195,521 27,649 40,206 55,679 — 560,433 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Other commercial finance Pass — 2,270 10,532 32,600 1,079 73,678 — 120,159 Watch — 2,500 — — — — — 2,500 Substandard — 2,681 44 23,672 — — — 26,397 Total — 7,451 10,576 56,272 1,079 73,678 — 149,056 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Warehouse finance Pass — — — — — — 394,814 394,814 Total — — — — — — 394,814 394,814 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — Total loans and leases Pass 753,063 878,107 331,012 166,334 98,576 165,525 896,089 3,288,706 Watch 67,689 57,441 55,298 35,121 12,067 5,024 214,470 447,110 Special mention 950 15,435 8,547 19,254 13,954 528 28,989 87,657 Substandard 9,603 54,679 36,114 49,835 30,131 18,036 19,710 218,108 Doubtful — 728 3,214 1,715 534 1,549 1,554 9,294 Total $ 831,305 $ 1,006,390 $ 434,185 $ 272,259 $ 155,262 $ 190,662 $ 1,160,812 $ 4,050,875 Current period charge-offs $ — $ 1,823 $ 5,236 $ 2,372 $ 1,418 $ 233 $ 35 $ 11,117 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term lending Pass $ 539,448 $ 149,190 $ 99,677 $ 73,132 $ 14,368 $ 85,812 $ — $ 961,627 Watch 53,481 51,036 58,041 12,230 4,483 727 — 179,998 Special mention 26,539 13,853 20,463 723 2,932 75 — 64,585 Substandard 20,437 30,451 14,729 24,613 3,872 764 — 94,866 Doubtful 200 2,655 1,691 1,121 165 1,225 — 7,057 Total 640,105 247,185 194,601 111,819 25,820 88,603 — 1,308,133 Asset-based lending Pass — — — — — — 161,744 161,744 Watch — — — — — — 174,243 174,243 Special mention — — — — — — 26,382 26,382 Substandard — — — — — — 19,501 19,501 Doubtful — — — — — — 501 501 Total — — — — — — 382,371 382,371 Factoring Pass — — — — — — 270,754 270,754 Watch — — — — — — 70,833 70,833 Special mention — — — — — — 8,892 8,892 Substandard — — — — — — 7,865 7,865 Total — — — — — — 358,344 358,344 Lease financing Pass 57,123 15,941 15,167 27,489 4,036 1,281 — 121,037 Watch 793 10,436 12,566 4,494 1,579 55 — 29,923 Special mention — — 847 415 195 — — 1,457 Substandard 14,890 1,983 7,082 3,660 3,062 33 — 30,710 Doubtful — — 71 61 — 133 — 265 Total 72,806 28,360 35,733 36,119 8,872 1,502 — 183,392 Insurance premium finance Pass 797,267 1,210 — — — — — 798,477 Watch 858 34 — — — — — 892 Special mention 250 15 — — — — — 265 Substandard 91 20 — — — — — 111 Doubtful 180 152 — — — — — 332 Total 798,646 1,431 — — — — — 800,077 SBA/USDA Pass 158,675 148,525 26,244 36,274 8,798 18,252 — 396,768 Watch 49,010 48,833 658 51 357 2,572 — 101,481 Special mention — — 530 — — — — 530 Substandard 252 2,356 1,718 5,418 8,509 7,718 — 25,971 Total 207,937 199,714 29,150 41,743 17,664 28,542 — 524,750 Other commercial finance Pass 2,330 18,927 32,737 1,137 10,122 69,927 — 135,180 Watch 1,742 — — — — — — 1,742 Substandard 2,753 450 25,708 — — 258 — 29,169 Total 6,825 19,377 58,445 1,137 10,122 70,185 — 166,091 Warehouse finance Pass — — — — — — 376,915 376,915 Total — — — — — — 376,915 376,915 Total loans and leases Pass 1,554,843 333,793 173,825 138,032 37,324 175,272 809,413 3,222,502 Watch 105,884 110,339 71,265 16,775 6,419 3,354 245,076 559,112 Special mention 26,789 13,868 21,840 1,138 3,127 75 35,274 102,111 Substandard 38,423 35,260 49,237 33,691 15,443 8,773 27,366 208,193 Doubtful 380 2,807 1,762 1,182 165 1,358 501 8,155 Total $ 1,726,319 $ 496,067 $ 317,929 $ 190,818 $ 62,478 $ 188,832 $ 1,117,630 $ 4,100,073
Past Due Loans and Leases	Past due loans and leases were as follows: At March 31, 2024 Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases Nonperforming Loans and Leases (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due > 89 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Receivable > 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Balance Total Loans held for sale $ 323 $ 546 $ 843 $ 1,712 $ 24,234 $ 25,946 $ 843 $ — $ 843 Term lending 31,580 20,883 10,397 62,860 1,426,194 1,489,054 890 18,960 19,850 Asset-based lending — — — — 429,556 429,556 — — — Factoring — — — — 336,442 336,442 — 4,580 4,580 Lease financing 2,655 171 1,526 4,352 164,264 168,616 752 1,605 2,357 Insurance premium finance 2,211 592 1,037 3,840 519,064 522,904 1,037 — 1,037 SBA/USDA 36 2,340 2,636 5,012 555,421 560,433 — 2,636 2,636 Other commercial finance — — — — 149,056 149,056 — — — Commercial finance 36,482 23,986 15,596 76,064 3,579,997 3,656,061 2,679 27,781 30,460 Consumer finance 4,293 3,001 3,093 10,387 256,644 267,031 3,093 — 3,093 Tax services 1,123 — — 1,123 83,379 84,502 — — — Warehouse finance — — — — 394,814 394,814 — — — Total loans and leases held for investment 41,898 26,987 18,689 87,574 4,314,834 4,402,408 5,772 27,781 33,553 Total loans and leases $ 42,221 $ 27,533 $ 19,532 $ 89,286 $ 4,339,068 $ 4,428,354 $ 6,615 $ 27,781 $ 34,396 At September 30, 2023 Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases Nonperforming Loans and Leases (Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due > 89 Days Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans and Leases Receivable > 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Balance Total Loans held for sale $ 626 $ 549 $ 306 $ 1,481 $ 76,298 $ 77,779 $ 306 $ — $ 306 Term lending 13,898 7,723 11,136 32,757 1,275,376 1,308,133 3,737 15,324 19,061 Asset-based lending — — 123 123 382,248 382,371 — 18,082 18,082 Factoring — — — — 358,344 358,344 — 1,298 1,298 Lease financing 6,865 158 4,828 11,851 171,541 183,392 4,242 1,666 5,908 Insurance premium finance 2,159 1,262 2,339 5,760 794,317 800,077 2,339 — 2,339 SBA/USDA 512 — 1,835 2,347 522,403 524,750 833 1,002 1,835 Other commercial finance — — 91 91 166,000 166,091 91 — 91 Commercial finance 23,434 9,143 20,352 52,929 3,670,229 3,723,158 11,242 37,372 48,614 Consumer finance 2,992 2,425 2,210 7,627 246,789 254,416 2,210 — 2,210 Tax services — — 5,082 5,082 110 5,192 5,082 — 5,082 Warehouse finance — — — — 376,915 376,915 — — — Total loans and leases held for investment 26,426 11,568 27,644 65,638 4,294,043 4,359,681 18,534 37,372 55,906 Total loans and leases $ 27,052 $ 12,117 $ 27,950 $ 67,119 $ 4,370,341 $ 4,437,460 $ 18,840 $ 37,372 $ 56,212
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual	Nonaccrual loans and leases by year of origination were as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total Nonaccrual with No ACL At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Term lending $ 1,121 $ 2,683 $ 7,414 $ 2,222 $ 1,446 $ 4,074 $ — $ 18,960 $ — Factoring — — — — — — 4,580 4,580 — Lease financing — — 95 540 695 275 — 1,605 539 SBA/USDA — 1,307 79 — 1,005 245 — 2,636 750 Commercial finance 1,121 3,990 7,588 2,762 3,146 4,594 4,580 27,781 1,289 Total nonaccrual loans and leases $ 1,121 $ 3,990 $ 7,588 $ 2,762 $ 3,146 $ 4,594 $ 4,580 $ 27,781 $ 1,289 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total Nonaccrual with No ACL At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term lending $ 865 $ 4,942 $ 2,933 $ 2,165 $ 3,134 $ 1,285 $ — $ 15,324 $ — Asset-based lending — — — — — — 18,082 18,082 — Factoring — — — — — — 1,298 1,298 — Lease financing — — 446 660 — 560 — 1,666 1 SBA/USDA — 750 — — — 252 — 1,002 — Commercial finance 865 5,692 3,379 2,825 3,134 2,097 19,380 37,372 1 Total nonaccrual loans and leases $ 865 $ 5,692 $ 3,379 $ 2,825 $ 3,134 $ 2,097 $ 19,380 $ 37,372 $ 1 Loans and leases that are 90 days or more delinquent and accruing by year of origination were as follows: Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Loans held for sale $ — $ 843 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 843 Term lending — 185 58 393 254 — — 890 Lease financing 354 121 — — 2 275 — 752 Insurance premium finance 198 839 — — — — — 1,037 Commercial finance 552 1,145 58 393 256 275 — 2,679 Consumer finance 309 1,969 658 157 — — — 3,093 Total loans and leases held for investment 861 3,114 716 550 256 275 — 5,772 Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing $ 861 $ 3,957 $ 716 $ 550 $ 256 $ 275 $ — $ 6,615 Amortized Cost Basis (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans and Leases Total At September 30, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Loans held for sale $ 306 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 306 Term lending 1,604 1,371 500 233 29 — — 3,737 Lease financing 151 490 979 784 1,794 44 — 4,242 Insurance premium finance — 414 114 — 334 1,477 — 2,339 SBA/USDA — — — 833 — — — 833 Other commercial finance — — — — — 91 — 91 Commercial finance 1,755 2,275 1,593 1,850 2,157 1,612 — 11,242 Consumer finance 891 1,045 246 — — — 28 2,210 Tax services 5,082 — — — — — — 5,082 Total loans and leases held for investment 7,728 3,320 1,839 1,850 2,157 1,612 28 18,534 Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing $ 8,034 $ 3,320 $ 1,839 $ 1,850 $ 2,157 $ 1,612 $ 28 $ 18,840

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("E_2

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS") (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Reconciliation of Net Income and Common Stock Share Amounts Used in Computation of Basic and Diluted EPS	A reconciliation of net income and common stock share amounts used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below. Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Basic income per common share: Net income attributable to Pathward Financial, Inc. $ 65,268 $ 54,771 $ 92,925 $ 82,613 Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities (524) (841) (744) (1,231) Basic net earnings available to common stockholders 64,744 53,930 92,181 81,382 Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stockholders 514 820 724 1,190 Reallocation of undistributed earnings to nonvested restricted stockholders (514) (818) (724) (1,187) Diluted net earnings available to common stockholders $ 64,744 $ 53,932 $ 92,181 $ 81,385 Total weighted-average basic common shares outstanding 25,281,743 27,078,048 25,529,186 27,555,197 Effect of dilutive securities (1) Performance share units 29,401 91,521 26,470 77,540 Total effect of dilutive securities 29,401 91,521 26,470 77,540 Total weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding 25,311,144 27,169,569 25,555,656 27,632,737 Net earnings per common share: Basic earnings per common share $ 2.56 $ 1.99 $ 3.61 $ 2.95 Diluted earnings per common share (2) $ 2.56 $ 1.99 $ 3.61 $ 2.95 (1) Represents the effect of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of performance share units and restricted stock, as applicable, utilizing the treasury stock method. (2) Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were 204,877 and 422,461 weighted average shares of nonvested restricted stock because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were 206,060 and 417,012 weighted average shares of nonvested restricted stock because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Rental Equipment	Rental equipment consists of the following: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Computers and IT networking equipment $ 24,435 $ 25,094 Motor vehicles and other 135,158 122,845 Other furniture and equipment 37,086 37,637 Solar panels and equipment 134,917 142,355 Total 331,596 327,931 Accumulated depreciation (116,864) (117,418) Unamortized initial direct costs 1,153 1,237 Net book value $ 215,885 $ 211,750
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases	Future minimum lease payments expected to be received for operating leases at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 22,318 2025 39,532 2026 29,630 2027 21,494 2028 12,248 Thereafter 11,693 Total $ 136,915 Undiscounted future minimum operating lease payments and a reconciliation to the amount recorded as operating lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 2,132 2025 3,985 2026 3,435 2027 3,152 2028 3,095 Thereafter 15,545 Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments 31,344 Discount (3,526) Total operating lease liabilities $ 27,818

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets	The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s intangible assets were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Trademark (1) Non-Compete Customer Relationships (2) All Others (3) Total At September 30, 2023 $ 7,477 $ — $ 9,110 $ 4,133 $ 20,720 Amortization during the period (527) — (1,431) (266) (2,224) At March 31, 2024 $ 6,950 $ — $ 7,679 $ 3,867 $ 18,496 Gross carrying amount $ 13,774 $ 301 $ 77,578 $ 7,798 $ 99,451 Accumulated amortization (6,824) (301) (58,981) (3,712) (69,818) Accumulated impairment — — (10,918) (219) (11,137) At March 31, 2024 $ 6,950 $ — $ 7,679 $ 3,867 $ 18,496 At September 30, 2022 $ 8,605 $ — $ 12,395 $ 4,691 $ 25,691 Amortization during the period (609) — (1,819) (265) (2,693) At March 31, 2023 $ 7,996 $ — $ 10,576 $ 4,426 $ 22,998 Gross carrying amount $ 14,624 $ 2,481 $ 82,088 $ 9,940 $ 109,133 Accumulated amortization (6,628) (2,481) (60,594) (5,296) (74,999) Accumulated impairment — — (10,918) (218) (11,136) At March 31, 2023 $ 7,996 $ — $ 10,576 $ 4,426 $ 22,998 (1) Book amortization period of 5-15 years. Amortized using the straight line and accelerated methods. (2) Book amortization period of 10-30 years. Amortized using the accelerated method. (3) Book amortization period of 3-20 years. Amortized using the straight line method.
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense	Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets in the remaining six months of fiscal 2024 and subsequent fiscal years at March 31, 2024 was as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 1,904 2025 3,563 2026 3,217 2027 2,571 2028 2,261 Thereafter 4,980 Total anticipated intangible amortization $ 18,496

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE _2

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases	Future minimum lease payments expected to be received for operating leases at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 22,318 2025 39,532 2026 29,630 2027 21,494 2028 12,248 Thereafter 11,693 Total $ 136,915 Undiscounted future minimum operating lease payments and a reconciliation to the amount recorded as operating lease liabilities at March 31, 2024 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Remaining in 2024 $ 2,132 2025 3,985 2026 3,435 2027 3,152 2028 3,095 Thereafter 15,545 Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments 31,344 Discount (3,526) Total operating lease liabilities $ 27,818
Weighted-Average Discount Rate and Remaining Lease Term for Operating Leases	The weighted-average discount rate and remaining lease term for operating leases were as follows: March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Weighted-average discount rate 2.44 % 2.38 % Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 9.11 9.66 The components of total lease costs for operating leases were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Lease expense $ 992 $ 982 $ 2,017 $ 1,996 Short-term and variable lease cost 30 42 23 84 Sublease income (269) (339) (639) (672) Total lease cost for operating leases $ 753 $ 685 $ 1,401 $ 1,408

STOCK COMPENSATION (Tables)

STOCK COMPENSATION (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Nonvested Share Activity	The following tables show the activity of share awards (including shares of restricted stock subject to vesting, fully-vested restricted stock, and PSUs) granted, exercised or forfeited under all of the Company's incentive plans during the six months ended March 31, 2024. Number of Shares Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Nonvested shares outstanding, September 30, 2023 370,151 $ 35.87 Granted 177,317 49.53 Vested (277,447) 39.33 Forfeited or expired (6,428) 41.84 Nonvested shares outstanding, March 31, 2024 263,593 $ 41.27 Number of Units (1) Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant Performance share units outstanding, September 30, 2023 155,804 $ 41.20 Granted 52,125 50.15 Vested (60,984) 55.47 Forfeited or expired — — Performance share units outstanding, March 31, 2024 146,945 $ 47.35 (1) The activity in this table includes 60,984 shares related to the fiscal year 2021 performance share units, which are included in this table under the assumption of a target performance achievement. The final performance was assessed after September 30, 2023, resulted in an achievement greater than target, and an additional 47,252 shares were allocated to the participants in the plan.

INCOME TAXES (Tables)

INCOME TAXES (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation	The table below compares the income tax expense components for the periods presented. Six Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 Provision at statutory rate $ 23,917 $ 20,657 Tax-exempt income (341) (398) State income taxes 4,550 4,285 Interim period effective rate adjustment 4,581 (483) Tax credit investments, net - federal (11,363) (7,916) Research tax credit — (805) IRC 162(m) nondeductible compensation 340 576 Other, net (719) (163) Income tax expense $ 20,965 $ 15,753 Effective tax rate 18.33 % 15.83 %

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH C_2

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of Revenue by Major Customers by Reporting Segments	The table below presents the Company’s revenue by operating segment. For additional descriptions of the Company’s operating segments, including additional financial information and the underlying management accounting process, see Note 13. Segment Reporting to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. (Dollars in thousands) Consumer Commercial Corporate Services/Other Consolidated Company Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net interest income (1) $ 56,527 $ 41,418 $ 44,913 $ 46,758 $ 16,861 $ 13,229 $ 118,301 $ 101,405 Noninterest income: Refund transfer product fees 28,942 30,205 — — — — 28,942 30,205 Refund advance fee income (1) 43,200 37,995 — — — — 43,200 37,995 Card and deposit fees 35,097 41,828 241 252 6 7 35,344 42,087 Rental income (1) — — 13,594 12,737 126 203 13,720 12,940 Gain (loss) on sale of other (1) 16 — 1,607 (748) 72 82 1,695 (666) Other income (1) 2,432 1,748 2,307 1,935 1,305 794 6,044 4,477 Total noninterest income 109,687 111,776 17,749 14,176 1,509 1,086 128,945 127,038 Revenue $ 166,214 $ 153,194 $ 62,662 $ 60,934 $ 18,370 $ 14,315 $ 247,246 $ 228,443 Six Months Ended March 31, Net interest income (1) $ 115,883 $ 75,690 $ 90,794 $ 89,082 $ 21,660 $ 20,690 $ 228,337 $ 185,462 Noninterest income: Refund transfer product fees 29,364 30,882 — — — — 29,364 30,882 Refund advance fee income (1) 43,311 38,612 — — — — 43,311 38,612 Card and deposit fees 65,604 79,280 477 513 13 12 66,094 79,805 Rental income (1) — — 26,829 25,252 350 396 27,179 25,648 Gain on sale of trademarks — — — — — 10,000 — 10,000 Gain (loss) on sale of other (1) (15) — 1,969 (246) 2,581 82 4,535 (164) Other income (1) 4,210 2,541 4,473 3,019 2,540 2,472 11,223 8,032 Total noninterest income 142,474 151,315 33,748 28,538 5,484 12,962 181,706 192,815 Revenue $ 258,357 $ 227,005 $ 124,542 $ 117,620 $ 27,144 $ 33,652 $ 410,043 $ 378,277 (1) These revenues are not within the scope of Topic 606. Additional details are included in other footnotes to the accompanying financial statements. The scope of Topic 606 explicitly excludes net interest income as well as many other revenues for financial assets and liabilities, including loans, leases, and securities.

SEGMENT REPORTING (Tables)

SEGMENT REPORTING (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information of Entity	The following table presents segment data for the Company: (Dollars in thousands) Consumer Commercial Corporate Services/Other Total Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net interest income $ 56,527 $ 41,418 $ 44,913 $ 46,758 $ 16,861 $ 13,229 $ 118,301 $ 101,405 Provision for credit loss 25,452 31,654 555 5,012 45 97 26,052 36,763 Noninterest income 109,687 111,776 17,749 14,176 1,509 1,086 128,945 127,038 Noninterest expense 59,452 49,910 38,130 38,846 42,849 38,380 140,431 127,136 Income (loss) before income tax expense 81,310 71,630 23,977 17,076 (24,524) (24,162) 80,763 64,544 Total assets 493,718 361,528 4,124,909 3,581,677 2,818,490 2,925,051 7,437,117 6,868,256 Total goodwill 87,145 87,145 222,360 222,360 — — 309,505 309,505 Total deposits 6,063,339 5,744,278 7,143 9,313 297,862 149,105 6,368,344 5,902,696 Six Months Ended March 31, Net interest income $ 115,883 $ 75,690 $ 90,794 $ 89,082 $ 21,660 $ 20,690 $ 228,337 $ 185,462 Provision for credit loss 28,906 34,894 7,018 11,595 18 50 35,942 46,539 Noninterest income 142,474 151,315 33,748 28,538 5,484 12,962 181,706 192,815 Noninterest expense 109,465 84,404 72,986 71,595 77,254 76,196 259,705 232,195 Income (loss) before income tax expense 119,986 107,707 44,538 34,430 (50,128) (42,594) 114,396 99,543 Total assets 493,718 361,528 4,124,909 3,581,677 2,818,490 2,925,051 7,437,117 6,868,256 Total goodwill 87,145 87,145 222,360 222,360 — — 309,505 309,505 Total deposits 6,063,339 5,744,278 7,143 9,313 297,862 149,105 6,368,344 5,902,696

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTR_2

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Summary of Fair Values of Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity	The following tables summarize the fair values of debt securities available for sale and equity securities as they are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. At March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Debt securities AFS Corporate securities $ 18,125 $ — $ 18,125 $ — SBA securities 84,797 — 84,797 — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 507 — 507 — Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 222,669 — 222,669 — Asset-backed securities 223,414 — 223,414 — Mortgage-backed securities 1,229,946 — 1,229,946 — Total debt securities AFS $ 1,779,458 $ — $ 1,779,458 $ — Common equities and mutual funds (1) $ 4,334 $ 4,334 $ — $ — Non-marketable equity securities (2) $ 10,000 $ — $ — $ — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at March 31, 2024. (2) Consists of certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using net asset value ("NAV") per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Debt securities AFS Corporate securities $ 18,250 $ — $ 18,250 $ — SBA securities 85,242 — 85,242 — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 2,289 — 2,289 — Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions 226,723 — 226,723 — Asset-backed securities 246,199 — 246,199 — Mortgage-backed securities 1,225,525 — 1,225,525 — Total debt securities AFS $ 1,804,228 $ — $ 1,804,228 $ — Common equities and mutual funds (1) $ 3,378 $ 3,378 $ — $ — Non-marketable equity securities (2) $ 8,389 $ — $ — $ — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2023. (2) Consists of certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on Nonrecurring Basis	The following tables summarize the assets of the Company that are measured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition on a nonrecurring basis: At March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss Commercial finance $ 9,234 $ — $ — $ 9,234 Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss 9,234 — — 9,234 Total $ 9,234 $ — $ — $ 9,234 At September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss Commercial finance $ 21,829 $ — $ — $ 21,829 Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss 21,829 — — 21,829 Total $ 21,829 $ — $ — $ 21,829
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements	Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value at March 31, 2024 Fair Value at September 30, 2023 Valuation Unobservable Input Range of Inputs Loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss $ 9,234 $ 21,829 Market approach Appraised values (1) 3% - 44% (1) The Company generally relies on external appraisers to develop this information. Management reduced the appraised value by estimating selling costs and other inputs in a range of 3% to 44%.
Carrying Amount and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments	The following tables present the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the financial instruments held by the Company: At March 31, 2024 (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Estimated Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 347,888 $ 347,888 $ 347,888 $ — $ — Debt securities available for sale 1,779,458 1,779,458 — 1,779,458 — Debt securities held to maturity 34,682 31,113 — 31,113 — Common equities and mutual funds (1) 4,334 4,334 4,334 — — Non-marketable equity securities (1)(2) 20,522 20,522 — 10,522 — Loans held for sale 25,946 25,946 — 25,946 — Loans and leases 4,402,408 4,339,150 — — 4,339,150 Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks 25,844 25,844 — 25,844 — Accrued interest receivable 30,294 30,294 30,294 — — Financial liabilities Deposits 6,368,344 6,368,058 6,267,603 100,455 — Overnight federal funds purchased 31,000 31,000 31,000 — — Other short- and long-term borrowings 33,373 31,297 — 31,297 — Accrued interest payable 1,961 1,961 1,961 — — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at March 31, 2024. (2) Includes certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Carrying Estimated Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 375,580 $ 375,580 $ 375,580 $ — $ — Debt securities available for sale 1,804,228 1,804,228 — 1,804,228 — Debt securities held to maturity 36,591 31,425 — 31,425 — Common equities and mutual funds (1) 3,378 3,378 3,378 — — Non-marketable equity securities (1)(2) 20,453 20,453 — 12,064 — Loans held for sale 77,779 77,779 — 77,779 — Loans and leases 4,359,681 4,223,010 — — 4,223,010 Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks 28,210 28,210 — 28,210 — Accrued interest receivable 23,282 23,282 23,282 — — Financial liabilities Deposits 6,589,182 6,589,065 6,583,648 5,417 — Overnight federal funds purchased 13,000 13,000 13,000 — — Other short- and long-term borrowings 33,873 31,187 — 31,187 — Accrued interest payable 247 247 247 — — (1) Equity securities at fair value are included within other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2023. (2) Includes certain non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.

SECURITIES - Available for Sale

SECURITIES - Available for Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	$ 2,053,441	$ 2,143,333
Fair Value	1,779,458	1,804,228
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	1,188	5,023
Due after one year through five years	19,591	11,175
Due after five years through ten years	73,455	79,139
Due after ten years	510,558	552,360
Total	604,792	647,697
Mortgage-backed securities	1,448,649	1,495,636
Fair Value
Due in one year or less	1,175	4,971
Due after one year through five years	18,249	10,292
Due after five years through ten years	63,343	66,428
Due after ten years	466,745	497,012
Total	549,512	578,703
Mortgage-backed securities	1,229,946	1,225,525
Corporate securities
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	25,000	25,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(6,875)	(6,750)
Fair Value	18,125	18,250
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	0	0
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	0	0
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	18,125	18,250
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(6,875)	(6,750)
TOTAL, Fair Value	18,125	18,250
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(6,875)	(6,750)
SBA securities
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	91,979	95,549
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(7,182)	(10,307)
Fair Value	84,797	85,242
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	22,894	22,327
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(978)	(1,919)
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	61,903	62,915
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(6,204)	(8,388)
TOTAL, Fair Value	84,797	85,242
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(7,182)	(10,307)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	540	2,368
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(33)	(79)
Fair Value	507	2,289
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	0	0
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	0	0
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	506	2,289
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(33)	(79)
TOTAL, Fair Value	506	2,289
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(33)	(79)
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	258,421	269,396
Gross Unrealized Gains	14	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(35,766)	(42,673)
Fair Value	222,669	226,723
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	940	5,010
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(20)	(83)
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	219,665	221,714
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(35,746)	(42,590)
TOTAL, Fair Value	220,605	226,723
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(35,766)	(42,673)
Asset-backed securities
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	228,852	255,384
Gross Unrealized Gains	420	234
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(5,858)	(9,419)
Fair Value	223,414	246,199
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	0	46,528
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	0	(224)
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	103,409	115,608
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(5,858)	(9,195)
TOTAL, Fair Value	103,409	162,136
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(5,858)	(9,419)
Mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	1,448,649	1,495,636
Gross Unrealized Gains	12	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(218,715)	(270,111)
Fair Value	1,229,946	1,225,525
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	17,317	18,311
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(371)	(944)
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	1,211,570	1,207,214
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(218,344)	(269,167)
TOTAL, Fair Value	1,228,887	1,225,525
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(218,715)	(270,111)
Total debt securities AFS
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	2,053,441	2,143,333
Gross Unrealized Gains	446	234
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(274,429)	(339,339)
Fair Value	1,779,458	1,804,228
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	41,151	92,176
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(1,369)	(3,170)
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	1,615,178	1,627,990
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(273,060)	(336,169)
TOTAL, Fair Value	1,656,329	1,720,165
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	$ (274,429)	$ (339,339)

SECURITIES - Held to Maturity (

SECURITIES - Held to Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	$ 34,682	$ 36,591
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(3,569)	(5,166)
Fair Value	31,113	31,425
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	0	0
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	0	0
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	31,113	31,425
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(3,569)	(5,166)
TOTAL, Fair Value	31,113	31,425
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(3,569)	(5,166)
Amortized Cost
Due after ten years	32,602	34,415
Total	32,602	34,415
Mortgage-backed securities	2,080	2,176
Fair Value
Due after ten years	29,281	29,571
Total	29,281	29,571
Mortgage-backed securities	1,832	1,854
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	32,602	34,415
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(3,321)	(4,844)
Fair Value	29,281	29,571
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	0	0
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	0	0
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	29,281	29,571
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(3,321)	(4,844)
TOTAL, Fair Value	29,281	29,571
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(3,321)	(4,844)
Mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Fair Value to Amortized Cost [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	2,080	2,176
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(248)	(322)
Fair Value	1,832	1,854
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position [Abstract]
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	0	0
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	0	0
OVER 12 MONTHS, Fair Value	1,832	1,854
OVER 12 MONTHS, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(248)	(322)
TOTAL, Fair Value	1,832	1,854
TOTAL, Gross Unrealized (Losses)	$ (248)	$ (322)

SECURITIES - Narrative (Details

SECURITIES - Narrative (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) security	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
AFS number of securities in an unrealized loss position (in securities) | security	194
Federal reserve bank stock	$ 19,700,000		$ 19,700,000
Federal home loan bank stock	6,200,000		8,500,000
Impairment recognized	0	$ 500,000
Marketable
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Equity securities	4,300,000		3,400,000
Unrealized losses on equity securities	0	0
Non-marketable
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Equity securities	10,000,000		8,400,000
Unrealized losses on equity securities	400,000
Unrealized gains on equity securities	2,500,000	$ 100,000
Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, amount	$ 14,800,000		$ 16,200,000
Number of equity securities sold | security	1

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Summary

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Summary of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	$ 4,402,408		$ 4,359,681
Net deferred loan origination costs	6,977		6,435
Total gross loans and leases	4,409,385		4,366,116
Allowance for credit losses	(80,777)		(49,705)
Total loans and leases, net	4,328,608		4,316,411
National Lending | Term lending
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	1,489,054		1,308,133
Allowance for credit losses	(28,627)	$ (27,013)	(25,686)	$ (28,415)	$ (26,752)	$ (24,621)
National Lending | Asset-based lending
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	429,556		382,371
Allowance for credit losses	(1,215)	(1,370)	(2,738)	(1,081)	(3,903)	(1,050)
National Lending | Factoring
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	336,442		358,344
Allowance for credit losses	(6,814)	(7,433)	(6,566)	(5,588)	(5,674)	(6,556)
National Lending | Lease financing
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	168,616		183,392
Allowance for credit losses	(1,551)	(4,008)	(3,302)	(4,549)	(5,238)	(5,902)
National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	522,904		800,077
Allowance for credit losses	(1,409)	(2,123)	(2,637)	(1,263)	(1,261)	(1,450)
National Lending | SBA/USDA
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	560,433		524,750
Allowance for credit losses	(2,942)	(3,289)	(2,962)	(2,640)	(2,632)	(3,263)
National Lending | Other commercial finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	149,056		166,091
Allowance for credit losses	(1,720)	(3,312)	(3,089)	(4,332)	(3,356)	(1,310)
National Lending | Commercial finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	3,656,061		3,723,158
Allowance for credit losses	(44,278)	(48,548)	(46,980)	(47,868)	(48,816)	(44,152)
National Lending | Consumer finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	267,031		254,416
Allowance for credit losses	(4,576)	(4,380)	(2,346)	(2,965)	(2,887)	(1,463)
National Lending | Tax services
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	84,502		5,192
Allowance for credit losses	(31,528)	(507)	(2)	(33,094)	(609)	(5)
National Lending | Warehouse finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total loans and leases	394,814		376,915
Allowance for credit losses	$ (395)	$ (350)	$ (377)	$ (377)	$ (280)	$ (327)

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Additio

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Originated loans held for sale	$ 933,786	$ 608,628
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale	969,000	604,400
Gain on sale of loans and leases	(1,400)	100
Loans and leases	4,409,385		$ 4,366,116
Pass
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,288,706		3,222,502
Pass | Asset Pledged as Collateral
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans and leases	119,100		117,000
Consumer finance portfolio segment
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans and leases	267,000		254,400
Tax services loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans and leases	84,500		$ 5,200
National Lending | Commercial Finance and Consumer Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Originated loans held for sale	$ 933,800	$ 608,600

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Schedul

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Schedule of Loans Purchased and Sold, by Portfolio Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans Purchased, Loans held for investment	$ 73,701	$ 120,185	$ 163,091	$ 187,834
Loans Sold, Loans held for sale			968,998	604,363
Loans Sold, Total sales	342,662	201,493	968,998	604,363
National Lending | Warehouse finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans Purchased, Loans held for investment	73,701	120,185	163,091	187,834
National Lending | Commercial finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans Sold, Loans held for sale	21,173	294	25,045	1,149
National Lending | Consumer finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans Sold, Loans held for sale	$ 321,489	$ 201,199	$ 943,953	$ 603,214

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Direct

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Direct Financing and Sales-type Leases, and Lease Receivable Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Net Investment in Lease [Abstract]
Minimum lease payments receivable	$ 177,498		$ 177,498		$ 191,807
Unguaranteed residual assets	12,171		12,171		12,709
Unamortized initial direct costs	82		82		141
Unearned income	(21,053)		(21,053)		(21,124)
Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases	168,698		168,698		$ 183,533
Interest income - loans and leases
Interest income on net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases	2,853	$ 2,819	5,961	$ 5,962
Lease income from operating lease payments	13,605	12,843	26,860	25,397
Other	869	(356)	1,593	346
Total leasing and equipment finance noninterest income	14,474	12,487	28,453	25,743
Total lease income	17,327	$ 15,306	34,414	$ 31,705
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Remaining in 2024	36,927		36,927
2025	53,952		53,952
2026	34,868		34,868
2027	21,176		21,176
2028	16,575		16,575
Thereafter	14,000		14,000
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases	177,498		177,498
Third-party residual value guarantees	0		0
Total carrying amount of direct financing and sales-type leases	$ 177,498		$ 177,498

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Allowan

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			$ 49,705
Provision (Reversal)	$ 26,052	$ 36,763	35,942	$ 46,539
Ending Balance	80,777		80,777
Total Committed Loans
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	53,785	52,592	49,705	45,947
Provision (Reversal)	25,905	36,686	35,471	46,549
Charge-offs	(5,492)	(6,625)	(12,362)	(11,064)
Recoveries	6,579	1,651	7,963	2,872
Ending Balance	80,777	84,304	80,777	84,304
Unfunded commitments
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	596	279	272	366
Provision (Reversal)	147	77	471	(10)
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Ending Balance	743	356	743	356
Total Loans
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	54,381	52,871	49,977	46,313
Provision (Reversal)	26,052	36,763	35,942	46,539
Charge-offs	(5,492)	(6,625)	(12,362)	(11,064)
Recoveries	6,579	1,651	7,963	2,872
Ending Balance	81,520	84,660	81,520	84,660
National Lending | Term lending
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	27,013	26,752	25,686	24,621
Provision (Reversal)	6,303	3,974	12,125	7,645
Charge-offs	(5,176)	(2,705)	(10,297)	(4,522)
Recoveries	487	394	1,113	671
Ending Balance	28,627	28,415	28,627	28,415
National Lending | Asset-based lending
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	1,370	3,903	2,738	1,050
Provision (Reversal)	(254)	51	(1,764)	2,904
Charge-offs	0	(2,873)	0	(2,873)
Recoveries	99	0	241	0
Ending Balance	1,215	1,081	1,215	1,081
National Lending | Factoring
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	7,433	5,674	6,566	6,556
Provision (Reversal)	(623)	(40)	128	(804)
Charge-offs	(12)	(62)	(35)	(183)
Recoveries	16	16	155	19
Ending Balance	6,814	5,588	6,814	5,588
National Lending | Lease financing
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	4,008	5,238	3,302	5,902
Provision (Reversal)	(2,547)	(183)	(1,781)	(621)
Charge-offs		(607)	(125)	(1,013)
Recoveries	62	101	155	281
Ending Balance	1,551	4,549	1,551	4,549
National Lending | Lease Financing, Net Of Adjustments
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Charge-offs	28
National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	2,123	1,261	2,637	1,450
Provision (Reversal)	(532)	155	(771)	108
Charge-offs	(295)	(224)	(660)	(409)
Recoveries	113	71	203	114
Ending Balance	1,409	1,263	1,409	1,263
National Lending | SBA/USDA
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	3,289	2,632	2,962	3,263
Provision (Reversal)	(347)	2	(20)	(649)
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	6	0	26
Ending Balance	2,942	2,640	2,942	2,640
National Lending | Other commercial finance
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	3,312	3,356	3,089	1,310
Provision (Reversal)	(1,592)	976	(1,369)	3,022
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Ending Balance	1,720	4,332	1,720	4,332
National Lending | Commercial finance
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	48,548	48,816	46,980	44,152
Provision (Reversal)	408	4,935	6,548	11,605
Charge-offs	(5,455)	(6,471)	(11,117)	(9,000)
Recoveries	777	588	1,867	1,111
Ending Balance	44,278	47,868	44,278	47,868
National Lending | Consumer finance
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	4,380	2,887	2,346	1,463
Provision (Reversal)	231	232	2,328	1,835
Charge-offs	(37)	(154)	(100)	(333)
Recoveries	2	0	2	0
Ending Balance	4,576	2,965	4,576	2,965
National Lending | Tax services
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	507	609	2	5
Provision (Reversal)	25,221	31,422	26,577	33,059
Charge-offs	0	0	(1,145)	(1,731)
Recoveries	5,800	1,063	6,094	1,761
Ending Balance	31,528	33,094	31,528	33,094
National Lending | Warehouse finance
Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	350	280	377	327
Provision (Reversal)	45	97	18	50
Charge-offs	0	0	0	0
Recoveries	0	0	0	0
Ending Balance	$ 395	$ 377	$ 395	$ 377

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Impaire

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Impaired Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Impaired loans, unpaid balance	$ 15,811		$ 15,811		$ 25,255
Average recorded investment	28,794	$ 20,579	30,107	$ 19,699
National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Impaired loans, unpaid balance	7,100		7,100		3,516
Average recorded investment	18,999	9,758	18,209	9,277
National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Impaired loans, unpaid balance	1,213		1,213		19,226
Average recorded investment	82	5,292	4,896	4,782
National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Impaired loans, unpaid balance	5,103		5,103		1,133
Average recorded investment	5,745	523	3,463	615
National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Impaired loans, unpaid balance	647		647		630
Average recorded investment	1,639	3,627	1,631	3,625
National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Impaired loans, unpaid balance	1,748		1,748		750
Average recorded investment	2,329	1,379	1,908	1,400
National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Impaired loans, unpaid balance	15,811		15,811		$ 25,255
Average recorded investment	$ 28,794	$ 20,579	$ 30,107	$ 19,699

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Credit

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Credit Quality Indicator (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total gross loans and leases	$ 4,409,385		$ 4,409,385		$ 4,366,116
Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	753,063		753,063		1,554,843
2023	878,107		878,107		333,793
2022	331,012		331,012		173,825
2021	166,334		166,334		138,032
2020	98,576		98,576		37,324
Prior	165,525		165,525		175,272
Revolving Loans and Leases	896,089		896,089		809,413
Total gross loans and leases	3,288,706		3,288,706		3,222,502
Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	67,689		67,689		105,884
2023	57,441		57,441		110,339
2022	55,298		55,298		71,265
2021	35,121		35,121		16,775
2020	12,067		12,067		6,419
Prior	5,024		5,024		3,354
Revolving Loans and Leases	214,470		214,470		245,076
Total gross loans and leases	447,110		447,110		559,112
Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	950		950		26,789
2023	15,435		15,435		13,868
2022	8,547		8,547		21,840
2021	19,254		19,254		1,138
2020	13,954		13,954		3,127
Prior	528		528		75
Revolving Loans and Leases	28,989		28,989		35,274
Total gross loans and leases	87,657		87,657		102,111
Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	9,603		9,603		38,423
2023	54,679		54,679		35,260
2022	36,114		36,114		49,237
2021	49,835		49,835		33,691
2020	30,131		30,131		15,443
Prior	18,036		18,036		8,773
Revolving Loans and Leases	19,710		19,710		27,366
Total gross loans and leases	218,108		218,108		208,193
Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		380
2023	728		728		2,807
2022	3,214		3,214		1,762
2021	1,715		1,715		1,182
2020	534		534		165
Prior	1,549		1,549		1,358
Revolving Loans and Leases	1,554		1,554		501
Total gross loans and leases	9,294		9,294		8,155
Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	831,305		831,305		1,726,319
2023	1,006,390		1,006,390		496,067
2022	434,185		434,185		317,929
2021	272,259		272,259		190,818
2020	155,262		155,262		62,478
Prior	190,662		190,662		188,832
Revolving Loans and Leases	1,160,812		1,160,812		1,117,630
Total gross loans and leases	4,050,875		4,050,875		4,100,073
National Lending | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			1,823
2022, Writeoffs			5,236
2021, Writeoffs			2,372
2020, Writeoffs			1,418
Prior, Writeoffs			233
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			35
Total, Writeoffs			11,117
National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	5,176	$ 2,705	10,297	$ 4,522
National Lending | Term lending | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	308,787		308,787		539,448
2023	492,087		492,087		149,190
2022	125,586		125,586		99,677
2021	97,696		97,696		73,132
2020	54,397		54,397		14,368
Prior	48,457		48,457		85,812
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	1,127,010		1,127,010		961,627
National Lending | Term lending | Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	66,389		66,389		53,481
2023	42,282		42,282		51,036
2022	46,196		46,196		58,041
2021	24,715		24,715		12,230
2020	3,456		3,456		4,483
Prior	1,549		1,549		727
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	184,587		184,587		179,998
National Lending | Term lending | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	920		920		26,539
2023	14,887		14,887		13,853
2022	7,222		7,222		20,463
2021	19,254		19,254		723
2020	10,145		10,145		2,932
Prior	114		114		75
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	52,542		52,542		64,585
National Lending | Term lending | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	9,546		9,546		20,437
2023	35,689		35,689		30,451
2022	23,732		23,732		14,729
2021	21,362		21,362		24,613
2020	22,623		22,623		3,872
Prior	4,730		4,730		764
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	117,682		117,682		94,866
National Lending | Term lending | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		200
2023	601		601		2,655
2022	3,135		3,135		1,691
2021	1,657		1,657		1,121
2020	534		534		165
Prior	1,306		1,306		1,225
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	7,233		7,233		7,057
National Lending | Term lending | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	385,642		385,642		640,105
2023	585,546		585,546		247,185
2022	205,871		205,871		194,601
2021	164,684		164,684		111,819
2020	91,155		91,155		25,820
Prior	56,156		56,156		88,603
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	1,489,054		1,489,054		1,308,133
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			1,336
2022, Writeoffs			5,063
2021, Writeoffs			2,314
2020, Writeoffs			1,351
Prior, Writeoffs			233
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			0
Total, Writeoffs			10,297
National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	0	2,873	0	2,873
National Lending | Asset-based lending | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	229,053		229,053		161,744
Total gross loans and leases	229,053		229,053		161,744
National Lending | Asset-based lending | Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	176,233		176,233		174,243
Total gross loans and leases	176,233		176,233		174,243
National Lending | Asset-based lending | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	21,530		21,530		26,382
Total gross loans and leases	21,530		21,530		26,382
National Lending | Asset-based lending | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	2,740		2,740		19,501
Total gross loans and leases	2,740		2,740		19,501
National Lending | Asset-based lending | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024					0
2023					0
2022					0
2021					0
2020					0
Prior					0
Revolving Loans and Leases					501
Total gross loans and leases					501
National Lending | Asset-based lending | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	429,556		429,556		382,371
Total gross loans and leases	429,556		429,556		382,371
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			0
2022, Writeoffs			0
2021, Writeoffs			0
2020, Writeoffs			0
Prior, Writeoffs			0
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			0
Total, Writeoffs			0
National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	12	62	35	183
National Lending | Factoring | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	272,222		272,222		270,754
Total gross loans and leases	272,222		272,222		270,754
National Lending | Factoring | Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	38,237		38,237		70,833
Total gross loans and leases	38,237		38,237		70,833
National Lending | Factoring | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	7,459		7,459		8,892
Total gross loans and leases	7,459		7,459		8,892
National Lending | Factoring | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	16,970		16,970		7,865
Total gross loans and leases	16,970		16,970		7,865
National Lending | Factoring | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	1,554		1,554
Total gross loans and leases	1,554		1,554
National Lending | Factoring | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	336,442		336,442		358,344
Total gross loans and leases	336,442		336,442		358,344
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			0
2022, Writeoffs			0
2021, Writeoffs			0
2020, Writeoffs			0
Prior, Writeoffs			0
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			35
Total, Writeoffs			35
National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs		607	125	1,013
National Lending | Lease financing | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	29,214		29,214		57,123
2023	57,899		57,899		15,941
2022	11,949		11,949		15,167
2021	10,795		10,795		27,489
2020	17,486		17,486		4,036
Prior	2,851		2,851		1,281
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	130,194		130,194		121,037
National Lending | Lease financing | Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	1,210		1,210		793
2023	164		164		10,436
2022	9,047		9,047		12,566
2021	9,295		9,295		4,494
2020	2,019		2,019		1,579
Prior	398		398		55
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	22,133		22,133		29,923
National Lending | Lease financing | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	278		278		0
2022	0		0		847
2021	0		0		415
2020	1,026		1,026		195
Prior	45		45		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	1,349		1,349		1,457
National Lending | Lease financing | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	52		52		14,890
2023	6,013		6,013		1,983
2022	1,165		1,165		7,082
2021	3,506		3,506		3,660
2020	2,291		2,291		3,062
Prior	1,612		1,612		33
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	14,639		14,639		30,710
National Lending | Lease financing | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		71
2021	58		58		61
2020	0		0		0
Prior	243		243		133
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	301		301		265
National Lending | Lease financing | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	30,476		30,476		72,806
2023	64,354		64,354		28,360
2022	22,161		22,161		35,733
2021	23,654		23,654		36,119
2020	22,822		22,822		8,872
Prior	5,149		5,149		1,502
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	168,616		168,616		183,392
National Lending | Lease Financing, Net Of Adjustments
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	(28)
National Lending | Lease Financing, Net Of Adjustments | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			0
2022, Writeoffs			0
2021, Writeoffs			58
2020, Writeoffs			67
Prior, Writeoffs			0
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			0
Total, Writeoffs			125
National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	295	224	660	409
National Lending | Insurance premium finance | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	380,580		380,580		797,267
2023	141,340		141,340		1,210
2022	56		56		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	521,976		521,976		798,477
National Lending | Insurance premium finance | Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	90		90		858
2023	254		254		34
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	344		344		892
National Lending | Insurance premium finance | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	30		30		250
2023	270		270		15
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	300		300		265
National Lending | Insurance premium finance | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	5		5		91
2023	152		152		20
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	157		157		111
National Lending | Insurance premium finance | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		180
2023	127		127		152
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	127		127		332
National Lending | Insurance premium finance | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	380,705		380,705		798,646
2023	142,143		142,143		1,431
2022	56		56		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	522,904		522,904		800,077
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			487
2022, Writeoffs			173
2021, Writeoffs			0
2020, Writeoffs			0
Prior, Writeoffs			0
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			0
Total, Writeoffs			660
National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	0	0	0	0
National Lending | SBA/USDA | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	34,482		34,482		158,675
2023	184,511		184,511		148,525
2022	182,889		182,889		26,244
2021	25,243		25,243		36,274
2020	25,614		25,614		8,798
Prior	40,539		40,539		18,252
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	493,278		493,278		396,768
National Lending | SBA/USDA | Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		49,010
2023	12,241		12,241		48,833
2022	55		55		658
2021	1,111		1,111		51
2020	6,592		6,592		357
Prior	3,077		3,077		2,572
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	23,076		23,076		101,481
National Lending | SBA/USDA | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	1,325		1,325		530
2021	0		0		0
2020	2,783		2,783		0
Prior	369		369		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	4,477		4,477		530
National Lending | SBA/USDA | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		252
2023	10,144		10,144		2,356
2022	11,173		11,173		1,718
2021	1,295		1,295		5,418
2020	5,217		5,217		8,509
Prior	11,694		11,694		7,718
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	39,523		39,523		25,971
National Lending | SBA/USDA | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	0		0
2022	79		79
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0
Total gross loans and leases	79		79
National Lending | SBA/USDA | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	34,482		34,482		207,937
2023	206,896		206,896		199,714
2022	195,521		195,521		29,150
2021	27,649		27,649		41,743
2020	40,206		40,206		17,664
Prior	55,679		55,679		28,542
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	560,433		560,433		524,750
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			0
2022, Writeoffs			0
2021, Writeoffs			0
2020, Writeoffs			0
Prior, Writeoffs			0
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			0
Total, Writeoffs			0
National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	0	0	0	0
National Lending | Other commercial finance | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		2,330
2023	2,270		2,270		18,927
2022	10,532		10,532		32,737
2021	32,600		32,600		1,137
2020	1,079		1,079		10,122
Prior	73,678		73,678		69,927
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	120,159		120,159		135,180
National Lending | Other commercial finance | Watch
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		1,742
2023	2,500		2,500		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	2,500		2,500		1,742
National Lending | Other commercial finance | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		2,753
2023	2,681		2,681		450
2022	44		44		25,708
2021	23,672		23,672		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		258
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	26,397		26,397		29,169
National Lending | Other commercial finance | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		6,825
2023	7,451		7,451		19,377
2022	10,576		10,576		58,445
2021	56,272		56,272		1,137
2020	1,079		1,079		10,122
Prior	73,678		73,678		70,185
Revolving Loans and Leases	0		0		0
Total gross loans and leases	149,056		149,056		166,091
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			0
2022, Writeoffs			0
2021, Writeoffs			0
2020, Writeoffs			0
Prior, Writeoffs			0
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			0
Total, Writeoffs			0
National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total, Writeoffs	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
National Lending | Warehouse finance | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	394,814		394,814		376,915
Total gross loans and leases	394,814		394,814		376,915
National Lending | Warehouse finance | Total
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0		0
2023	0		0		0
2022	0		0		0
2021	0		0		0
2020	0		0		0
Prior	0		0		0
Revolving Loans and Leases	394,814		394,814		376,915
Total gross loans and leases	$ 394,814		394,814		$ 376,915
2024, Writeoffs			0
2023, Writeoffs			0
2022, Writeoffs			0
2021, Writeoffs			0
2020, Writeoffs			0
Prior, Writeoffs			0
Revolving Loans and Leases, Writeoffs			0
Total, Writeoffs			$ 0

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Past Du

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Past Due Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	$ 4,409,385	$ 4,366,116
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	4,428,354	4,437,460
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	4,402,408	4,359,681
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	25,946	77,779
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,489,054	1,308,133
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	429,556	382,371
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	336,442	358,344
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	168,616	183,392
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	522,904	800,077
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	560,433	524,750
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	149,056	166,091
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,656,061	3,723,158
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	267,031	254,416
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	84,502	5,192
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	394,814	376,915
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	42,221	27,052
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	41,898	26,426
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	323	626
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	31,580	13,898
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	2,655	6,865
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	2,211	2,159
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	36	512
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	36,482	23,434
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	4,293	2,992
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,123	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 30-59 Days Past Due | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	27,533	12,117
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	26,987	11,568
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	546	549
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	20,883	7,723
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	171	158
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	592	1,262
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	2,340	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	23,986	9,143
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,001	2,425
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | 60-89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	19,532	27,950
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	18,689	27,644
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	843	306
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	10,397	11,136
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	123
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,526	4,828
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,037	2,339
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	2,636	1,835
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	91
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	15,596	20,352
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,093	2,210
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	5,082
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	89,286	67,119
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	87,574	65,638
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,712	1,481
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	62,860	32,757
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	123
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	4,352	11,851
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,840	5,760
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	5,012	2,347
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	91
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	76,064	52,929
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	10,387	7,627
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,123	5,082
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Total Past Due | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	4,339,068	4,370,341
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	4,314,834	4,294,043
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	24,234	76,298
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,426,194	1,275,376
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	429,556	382,248
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	336,442	358,344
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	164,264	171,541
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	519,064	794,317
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	555,421	522,403
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	149,056	166,000
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,579,997	3,670,229
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	256,644	246,789
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	83,379	110
Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases | Current | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	394,814	376,915
Nonperforming Loans and Leases
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	34,396	56,212
Nonaccrual Balance	27,781	37,372
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	33,553	55,906
Nonaccrual Balance	27,781	37,372
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	843	306
Nonaccrual Balance	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	19,850	19,061
Nonaccrual Balance	18,960	15,324
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	18,082
Nonaccrual Balance	0	18,082
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	4,580	1,298
Nonaccrual Balance	4,580	1,298
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	2,357	5,908
Nonaccrual Balance	1,605	1,666
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,037	2,339
Nonaccrual Balance	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	2,636	1,835
Nonaccrual Balance	2,636	1,002
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	91
Nonaccrual Balance	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	30,460	48,614
Nonaccrual Balance	27,781	37,372
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,093	2,210
Nonaccrual Balance	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	5,082
Nonaccrual Balance	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Nonaccrual Balance	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	6,615	18,840
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	5,772	18,534
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	843	306
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	890	3,737
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	0
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	752	4,242
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	1,037	2,339
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	833
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	91
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	2,679	11,242
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	3,093	2,210
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	0	5,082
Nonperforming Loans and Leases | > 89 Days Past Due | National Lending | Warehouse finance
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans and leases	$ 0	$ 0

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Nonaccr

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Nonaccrual (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
Loans and leases	$ 4,409,385	$ 4,366,116
Nonaccrual Loans
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	1,121	865
2023	3,990	5,692
2022	7,588	3,379
2021	2,762	2,825
2020	3,146	3,134
Prior	4,594	2,097
Revolving Loans and Leases	4,580	19,380
Loans and leases	27,781	37,372
Nonaccrual with No ACL	1,289	1
Nonaccrual Loans | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	1,121	865
2023	2,683	4,942
2022	7,414	2,933
2021	2,222	2,165
2020	1,446	3,134
Prior	4,074	1,285
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	18,960	15,324
Nonaccrual with No ACL	0	0
Nonaccrual Loans | National Lending | Asset-based lending
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024		0
2023		0
2022		0
2021		0
2020		0
Prior		0
Revolving Loans and Leases		18,082
Loans and leases		18,082
Nonaccrual with No ACL		0
Nonaccrual Loans | National Lending | Factoring
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	0	0
2023	0	0
2022	0	0
2021	0	0
2020	0	0
Prior	0	0
Revolving Loans and Leases	4,580	1,298
Loans and leases	4,580	1,298
Nonaccrual with No ACL	0	0
Nonaccrual Loans | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	0	0
2023	0	0
2022	95	446
2021	540	660
2020	695	0
Prior	275	560
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	1,605	1,666
Nonaccrual with No ACL	539	1
Nonaccrual Loans | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	0	0
2023	1,307	750
2022	79	0
2021	0	0
2020	1,005	0
Prior	245	252
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	2,636	1,002
Nonaccrual with No ACL	750	0
Nonaccrual Loans | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	1,121	865
2023	3,990	5,692
2022	7,588	3,379
2021	2,762	2,825
2020	3,146	3,134
Prior	4,594	2,097
Revolving Loans and Leases	4,580	19,380
Loans and leases	27,781	37,372
Nonaccrual with No ACL	1,289	1
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	861	8,034
2023	3,957	3,320
2022	716	1,839
2021	550	1,850
2020	256	2,157
Prior	275	1,612
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	28
Loans and leases	6,615	18,840
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | Total loans and leases held for investment
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	861	7,728
2023	3,114	3,320
2022	716	1,839
2021	550	1,850
2020	256	2,157
Prior	275	1,612
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	28
Loans and leases	5,772	18,534
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Loans held for sale
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	0	306
2023	843	0
2022	0	0
2021	0	0
2020	0	0
Prior	0	0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	843	306
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Term lending
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	0	1,604
2023	185	1,371
2022	58	500
2021	393	233
2020	254	29
Prior	0	0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	890	3,737
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Lease financing
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	354	151
2023	121	490
2022	0	979
2021	0	784
2020	2	1,794
Prior	275	44
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	752	4,242
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Insurance premium finance
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	198	0
2023	839	414
2022	0	114
2021	0	0
2020	0	334
Prior	0	1,477
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	1,037	2,339
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Other commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024		0
2023		0
2022		0
2021		0
2020		0
Prior		91
Revolving Loans and Leases		0
Loans and leases		91
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | SBA/USDA
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024		0
2023		0
2022		0
2021		833
2020		0
Prior		0
Revolving Loans and Leases		0
Loans and leases		833
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	552	1,755
2023	1,145	2,275
2022	58	1,593
2021	393	1,850
2020	256	2,157
Prior	275	1,612
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	0
Loans and leases	2,679	11,242
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Consumer finance
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024	309	891
2023	1,969	1,045
2022	658	246
2021	157	0
2020	0	0
Prior	0	0
Revolving Loans and Leases	0	28
Loans and leases	$ 3,093	2,210
90 or More Days Delinquent and Accruing | National Lending | Tax services
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual [Line Items]
2024		5,082
2023		0
2022		0
2021		0
2020		0
Prior		0
Revolving Loans and Leases		0
Loans and leases		$ 5,082

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Trouble

LOANS AND LEASES, NET - Troubled Debt Restructured Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
National Lending | Commercial finance
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
TDRs subsequent default, recorded investment	$ 1.6	$ 1.6	$ 0.1

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("E_3

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS") (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Basic income per common share:
Net income attributable to Pathward Financial, Inc.	$ 65,268	$ 54,771	$ 92,925	$ 82,613
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(524)	(841)	(744)	(1,231)
Basic net earnings available to common stockholders	64,744	53,930	92,181	81,382
Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stockholders	514	820	724	1,190
Reallocation of undistributed earnings to nonvested restricted stockholders	(514)	(818)	(724)	(1,187)
Diluted net earnings available to common stockholders	$ 64,744	$ 53,932	$ 92,181	$ 81,385
Total weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	25,281,743	27,078,048	25,529,186	27,555,197
Effect of dilutive securities
Total effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	29,401	91,521	26,470	77,540
Weighted average dilutive common shares outstanding (in shares)	25,311,144	27,169,569	25,555,656	27,632,737
Net earnings per common share:
Basic income per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.56	$ 1.99	$ 3.61	$ 2.95
Diluted income per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.56	$ 1.99	$ 3.61	$ 2.95
Weighted average shares of nonvested restricted stock, antidilutive (in shares)	204,877	422,461	206,060	417,012
Performance share units
Effect of dilutive securities
Outstanding options - based upon the two-class method (in shares)	29,401	91,521	26,470	77,540

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET - Schedul

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET - Schedule of Rental Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	$ 331,596	$ 327,931
Accumulated depreciation	(116,864)	(117,418)
Unamortized initial direct costs	1,153	1,237
Net book value	215,885	211,750
Computers and IT networking equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	24,435	25,094
Motor vehicles and other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	135,158	122,845
Other furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	37,086	37,637
Solar panels and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	$ 134,917	$ 142,355

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET - Sched_2

RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET - Schedule of Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Remaining in 2024	$ 22,318
2025	39,532
2026	29,630
2027	21,494
2028	12,248
Thereafter	11,693
Total	$ 136,915

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSET_2

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Total goodwill	$ 309,505,000	$ 309,505,000
Goodwill, accumulated impairment	0
Impairment expense	$ 0	$ 0

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSET_3

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Schedule of Intangible Asses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			$ 20,720	$ 25,691
Amortization during the period	$ (1,240)	$ (1,435)	(2,224)	(2,693)
Ending Balance	18,496	22,998	18,496	22,998
Gross carrying amount	99,451	109,133	99,451	109,133
Accumulated amortization	(69,818)	(74,999)	(69,818)	(74,999)
Accumulated impairment	(11,137)	(11,136)	(11,137)	(11,136)
Total anticipated intangible amortization	18,496	22,998	18,496	22,998
Trademark
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			7,477	8,605
Amortization during the period			(527)	(609)
Ending Balance	6,950	7,996	6,950	7,996
Gross carrying amount	13,774	14,624	13,774	14,624
Accumulated amortization	(6,824)	(6,628)	(6,824)	(6,628)
Accumulated impairment	0	0	0	0
Total anticipated intangible amortization	$ 6,950	7,996	$ 6,950	7,996
Trademark | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Useful life	5 years		5 years
Trademark | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Useful life	15 years		15 years
Non-Compete
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			$ 0	0
Amortization during the period			0	0
Ending Balance	$ 0	0	0	0
Gross carrying amount	301	2,481	301	2,481
Accumulated amortization	(301)	(2,481)	(301)	(2,481)
Accumulated impairment	0	0	0	0
Total anticipated intangible amortization	0	0	0	0
Customer Relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			9,110	12,395
Amortization during the period			(1,431)	(1,819)
Ending Balance	7,679	10,576	7,679	10,576
Gross carrying amount	77,578	82,088	77,578	82,088
Accumulated amortization	(58,981)	(60,594)	(58,981)	(60,594)
Accumulated impairment	(10,918)	(10,918)	(10,918)	(10,918)
Total anticipated intangible amortization	$ 7,679	10,576	$ 7,679	10,576
Customer Relationships | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Useful life	10 years		10 years
Customer Relationships | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Useful life	30 years		30 years
All Others
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance			$ 4,133	4,691
Amortization during the period			(266)	(265)
Ending Balance	$ 3,867	4,426	3,867	4,426
Gross carrying amount	7,798	9,940	7,798	9,940
Accumulated amortization	(3,712)	(5,296)	(3,712)	(5,296)
Accumulated impairment	(219)	(218)	(219)	(218)
Total anticipated intangible amortization	$ 3,867	$ 4,426	$ 3,867	$ 4,426
All Others | Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Useful life	3 years		3 years
All Others | Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Useful life	20 years		20 years

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSET_4

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Schedule of Future Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remaining in 2024	$ 1,904
2025	3,563
2026	3,217
2027	2,571
2028	2,261
Thereafter	4,980
Total anticipated intangible amortization	$ 18,496	$ 20,720	$ 22,998	$ 25,691

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE _3

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets	Other assets
Operating lease, right-of-use asset	$ 26,000	$ 26,900
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Operating lease, liability	$ 27,818	$ 28,800

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE _4

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES - Lease Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining in 2024	$ 2,132
2025	3,985
2026	3,435
2027	3,152
2028	3,095
Thereafter	15,545
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments	31,344
Discount	(3,526)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 27,818	$ 28,800

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE _5

OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average discount rate	2.44%		2.44%		2.38%
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	9 years 1 month 9 days		9 years 1 month 9 days		9 years 7 months 28 days
Lease expense	$ 992	$ 982	$ 2,017	$ 1,996
Short-term and variable lease cost	30	42	23	84
Sublease income	(269)	(339)	(639)	(672)
Total lease cost for operating leases	$ 753	$ 685	$ 1,401	$ 1,408

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Details)

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Aug. 25, 2023	Sep. 03, 2021
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchased during the period (in shares)	122,452	59,626
Stock repurchased during the period, value	$ 5.8	$ 2.1
Retired common stock held in treasury (in shares)	0	0
Common Stock
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)				6,000,000
Additional shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)			7,000,000
Stock repurchased under repurchase program (in shares)	996,773	1,826,694
Remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)	7,669,663

STOCK COMPENSATION - Narrative

STOCK COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period that options vest	8 years
Stock based compensation expense not yet recognized in income | $	$ 10.5
Weighted average remaining period for unrecognized stock based compensation (in years)	1 year 7 months 9 days
Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period that options vest	3 years
Restricted Shares | Director
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period that options vest	1 year
Performance Share Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period that options vest	3 years
Shares issuable upon vesting (in shares) | shares	1
Performance Share Units | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Payout levels percentage	50%
Performance Share Units | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Payout levels percentage	200%

STOCK COMPENSATION - Share Acti

STOCK COMPENSATION - Share Activity (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)	60,984,000
Restricted Shares
Number of Shares
Nonvested shares outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)		370,151
Granted (in shares)		177,317
Vested (in shares)		(277,447)
Forfeited or expired (in shares)		(6,428)
Nonvested shares outstanding, end of period (in shares)		263,593
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant
Nonvested shares outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)		$ 35.87
Granted (in dollars per share)		49.53
Vested (in dollars per share)		39.33
Forfeited or expired (in dollars per share)		41.84
Nonvested shares outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)		$ 41.27
Performance share units
Number of Shares
Nonvested shares outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)		155,804
Granted (in shares)		52,125
Vested (in shares)		(60,984)
Forfeited or expired (in shares)		0
Nonvested shares outstanding, end of period (in shares)		146,945
Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant
Nonvested shares outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)		$ 41.20
Granted (in dollars per share)		50.15
Vested (in dollars per share)		55.47
Forfeited or expired (in dollars per share)		0
Nonvested shares outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)		$ 47.35
Target Performance Share Units
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)		47,252,000

INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Detai

INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 15,246	$ 9,176	$ 20,965	$ 15,753
Effective tax rate			18.33%	15.83%

INCOME TAXES - Schedule of Effe

INCOME TAXES - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision at statutory rate			$ 23,917	$ 20,657
Tax-exempt income			(341)	(398)
State income taxes			4,550	4,285
Interim period effective rate adjustment			4,581	(483)
Tax credit investments, net - federal			(11,363)	(7,916)
Research tax credit			0	(805)
IRC 162(m) nondeductible compensation			340	576
Other, net			(719)	(163)
Income tax expense	$ 15,246	$ 9,176	$ 20,965	$ 15,753
Effective tax rate			18.33%	15.83%

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH C_3

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS - Schedule of Revenue by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net interest income	$ 118,301	$ 101,405	$ 228,337	$ 185,462
Net realized (gain) on trademarks	0	0	0	10,000
Gain (loss) on sale of other	1,695	(666)	4,535	(164)
Other income	6,044	4,477	11,223	8,032
Noninterest income	128,945	127,038	181,706	192,815
Revenue	247,246	228,443	410,043	378,277
Refund transfer product fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	28,942	30,205	29,364	30,882
Refund advance fee income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	43,200	37,995	43,311	38,612
Card and deposit fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	35,344	42,087	66,094	79,805
Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	13,720	12,940	27,179	25,648
Consumer
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net interest income	56,527	41,418	115,883	75,690
Net realized (gain) on trademarks			0	0
Gain (loss) on sale of other	16	0	(15)	0
Other income	2,432	1,748	4,210	2,541
Noninterest income	109,687	111,776	142,474	151,315
Revenue	166,214	153,194	258,357	227,005
Consumer | Refund transfer product fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	28,942	30,205	29,364	30,882
Consumer | Refund advance fee income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	43,200	37,995	43,311	38,612
Consumer | Card and deposit fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	35,097	41,828	65,604	79,280
Consumer | Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	0	0	0	0
Commercial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net interest income	44,913	46,758	90,794	89,082
Net realized (gain) on trademarks			0	0
Gain (loss) on sale of other	1,607	(748)	1,969	(246)
Other income	2,307	1,935	4,473	3,019
Noninterest income	17,749	14,176	33,748	28,538
Revenue	62,662	60,934	124,542	117,620
Commercial | Refund transfer product fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	0	0	0	0
Commercial | Refund advance fee income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	0	0	0	0
Commercial | Card and deposit fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	241	252	477	513
Commercial | Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	13,594	12,737	26,829	25,252
Corporate Services/Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net interest income	16,861	13,229	21,660	20,690
Net realized (gain) on trademarks			0	10,000
Gain (loss) on sale of other	72	82	2,581	82
Other income	1,305	794	2,540	2,472
Noninterest income	1,509	1,086	5,484	12,962
Revenue	18,370	14,315	27,144	33,652
Corporate Services/Other | Refund transfer product fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	0	0	0	0
Corporate Services/Other | Refund advance fee income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	0	0	0	0
Corporate Services/Other | Card and deposit fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	6	7	13	12
Corporate Services/Other | Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Noninterest income:	$ 126	$ 203	$ 350	$ 396

SEGMENT REPORTING (Details)

SEGMENT REPORTING (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment			3
Segment data [Abstract]
Net interest income	$ 118,301	$ 101,405	$ 228,337	$ 185,462
Provision for credit loss	26,052	36,763	35,942	46,539
Noninterest income	128,945	127,038	181,706	192,815
Noninterest expense	140,431	127,136	259,705	232,195
Income before income tax expense	80,763	64,544	114,396	99,543
Total assets	7,437,117	6,868,256	7,437,117	6,868,256	$ 7,535,543
Total goodwill	309,505	309,505	309,505	309,505
Total deposits	6,368,344	5,902,696	6,368,344	5,902,696
Consumer
Segment data [Abstract]
Net interest income	56,527	41,418	115,883	75,690
Provision for credit loss	25,452	31,654	28,906	34,894
Noninterest income	109,687	111,776	142,474	151,315
Noninterest expense	59,452	49,910	109,465	84,404
Income before income tax expense	81,310	71,630	119,986	107,707
Total assets	493,718	361,528	493,718	361,528
Total goodwill	87,145	87,145	87,145	87,145
Total deposits	6,063,339	5,744,278	6,063,339	5,744,278
Commercial
Segment data [Abstract]
Net interest income	44,913	46,758	90,794	89,082
Provision for credit loss	555	5,012	7,018	11,595
Noninterest income	17,749	14,176	33,748	28,538
Noninterest expense	38,130	38,846	72,986	71,595
Income before income tax expense	23,977	17,076	44,538	34,430
Total assets	4,124,909	3,581,677	4,124,909	3,581,677
Total goodwill	222,360	222,360	222,360	222,360
Total deposits	7,143	9,313	7,143	9,313
Corporate Services/Other
Segment data [Abstract]
Net interest income	16,861	13,229	21,660	20,690
Provision for credit loss	45	97	18	50
Noninterest income	1,509	1,086	5,484	12,962
Noninterest expense	42,849	38,380	77,254	76,196
Income before income tax expense	(24,524)	(24,162)	(50,128)	(42,594)
Total assets	2,818,490	2,925,051	2,818,490	2,925,051
Total goodwill	0	0	0	0
Total deposits	$ 297,862	$ 149,105	$ 297,862	$ 149,105

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTR_3

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring and Non-recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Level 1
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Total debt securities AFS	$ 0	$ 0
Common equities and mutual funds	4,334	3,378
Level 2
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Total debt securities AFS	1,779,458	1,804,228
Common equities and mutual funds	0	0
Level 3
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Total debt securities AFS	0	0
Common equities and mutual funds	0	0
Recurring
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Corporate securities	18,125	18,250
SBA securities	84,797	85,242
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	507	2,289
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	222,669	226,723
Asset-backed securities	223,414	246,199
Mortgage-backed securities	1,229,946	1,225,525
Total debt securities AFS	1,779,458	1,804,228
Common equities and mutual funds	4,334	3,378
Non-marketable equity securities	10,000	8,389
Recurring | Level 1
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Corporate securities	0	0
SBA securities	0	0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	0	0
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	0	0
Asset-backed securities	0	0
Mortgage-backed securities	0	0
Total debt securities AFS	0	0
Common equities and mutual funds	4,334	3,378
Non-marketable equity securities	0	0
Recurring | Level 2
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Corporate securities	18,125	18,250
SBA securities	84,797	85,242
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	507	2,289
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	222,669	226,723
Asset-backed securities	223,414	246,199
Mortgage-backed securities	1,229,946	1,225,525
Total debt securities AFS	1,779,458	1,804,228
Common equities and mutual funds	0	0
Non-marketable equity securities	0	0
Recurring | Level 3
Available-for-sale debt securities [Abstract]
Corporate securities	0	0
SBA securities	0	0
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	0	0
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	0	0
Asset-backed securities	0	0
Mortgage-backed securities	0	0
Total debt securities AFS	0	0
Common equities and mutual funds	0	0
Non-marketable equity securities	$ 0	$ 0

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTR_4

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Quantitative Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Minimum
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Range of estimated selling cost (percentage)	3%
Maximum
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Range of estimated selling cost (percentage)	44%
Level 1
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 0	$ 0
Level 2
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	0	0
Level 3
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	4,339,150	4,223,010
Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss | Level 3 | Valuation, Market Approach
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 9,234	21,829
Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss | Level 3 | Valuation, Market Approach | Minimum
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Range of estimated selling cost (percentage)	3%
Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss | Level 3 | Valuation, Market Approach | Maximum
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Range of estimated selling cost (percentage)	44%
Nonrecurring
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 9,234	21,829
Nonrecurring | Level 1
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	0	0
Nonrecurring | Level 2
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	0	0
Nonrecurring | Level 3
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	9,234	21,829
Nonrecurring | Commercial finance
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	9,234	21,829
Nonrecurring | Commercial finance | Level 1
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	0	0
Nonrecurring | Commercial finance | Level 2
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	0	0
Nonrecurring | Commercial finance | Level 3
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	9,234	21,829
Nonrecurring | Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	9,234	21,829
Nonrecurring | Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss | Level 1
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	0	0
Nonrecurring | Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss | Level 2
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	0	0
Nonrecurring | Total loans and leases, net individually evaluated for credit loss | Level 3
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 9,234	$ 21,829

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTR_5

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Balance Sheet Grouping (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Financial assets
Debt securities held to maturity	$ 31,113	$ 31,425
Level 1
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	347,888	375,580
Debt securities available for sale	0	0
Debt securities held to maturity	0	0
Common equities and mutual funds	4,334	3,378
Non-marketable equity securities	0	0
Loans held for sale	0	0
Loans and leases	0	0
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks	0	0
Accrued interest receivable	30,294	23,282
Financial liabilities
Deposits	6,267,603	6,583,648
Overnight federal funds purchased	31,000	13,000
Other short- and long-term borrowings	0	0
Accrued interest payable	1,961	247
Level 2
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Debt securities available for sale	1,779,458	1,804,228
Debt securities held to maturity	31,113	31,425
Common equities and mutual funds	0	0
Non-marketable equity securities	10,522	12,064
Loans held for sale	25,946	77,779
Loans and leases	0	0
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks	25,844	28,210
Accrued interest receivable	0	0
Financial liabilities
Deposits	100,455	5,417
Overnight federal funds purchased	0	0
Other short- and long-term borrowings	31,297	31,187
Accrued interest payable	0	0
Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Debt securities available for sale	0	0
Debt securities held to maturity	0	0
Common equities and mutual funds	0	0
Non-marketable equity securities	0	0
Loans held for sale	0	0
Loans and leases	4,339,150	4,223,010
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks	0	0
Accrued interest receivable	0	0
Financial liabilities
Deposits	0	0
Overnight federal funds purchased	0	0
Other short- and long-term borrowings	0	0
Accrued interest payable	0	0
Carrying Amount
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	347,888	375,580
Debt securities available for sale	1,779,458	1,804,228
Debt securities held to maturity	34,682	36,591
Common equities and mutual funds	4,334	3,378
Non-marketable equity securities	20,522	20,453
Loans held for sale	25,946	77,779
Loans and leases	4,402,408	4,359,681
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks	25,844	28,210
Accrued interest receivable	30,294	23,282
Financial liabilities
Deposits	6,368,344	6,589,182
Overnight federal funds purchased	31,000	13,000
Other short- and long-term borrowings	33,373	33,873
Accrued interest payable	1,961	247
Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	347,888	375,580
Debt securities available for sale	1,779,458	1,804,228
Debt securities held to maturity	31,113	31,425
Common equities and mutual funds	4,334	3,378
Non-marketable equity securities	20,522	20,453
Loans held for sale	25,946	77,779
Loans and leases	4,339,150	4,223,010
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stocks	25,844	28,210
Accrued interest receivable	30,294	23,282
Financial liabilities
Deposits	6,368,058	6,589,065
Overnight federal funds purchased	31,000	13,000
Other short- and long-term borrowings	31,297	31,187
Accrued interest payable	$ 1,961	$ 247