UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý | | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
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For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007 |
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Or |
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o | | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
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For the transition period from to . |
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Commission File No. 000-24537
DYAX CORP. |
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) |
DELAWARE | | 04-3053198 |
(State of Incorporation) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
300 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
(617) 225-2500 |
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | o | Accelerated filer | ý | Non-accelerated filer | o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Number of shares outstanding of Dyax Corp.’s Common Stock, par value $0.01, as of October 29, 2007: 60,414,657
DYAX CORP.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I | | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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Item 1 | - | Financial Statements | Page |
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| | Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 | 3 |
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| | Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 | 4 |
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| | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 | 5 |
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| | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 6 |
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Item 2 | - | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 12 |
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Item 3 | - | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 21 |
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Item 4 | - | Controls and Procedures | 22 |
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PART II | - | OTHER INFORMATION | 23 |
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Item 6 | - | Exhibits | 23 |
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Signature | | | 24 |
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Exhibit Index | |
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Dyax Corp. and Subsidiaries
| | September 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | (In thousands, except share data) | |
ASSETS | |
Current assets: | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 40,825 | | | $ | 11,295 | |
Short-term investments | | | 32,749 | | | | 47,169 | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $55 at September 30, 2007 and $80 at December 31, 2006 | | | 751 | | | | 2,120 | |
Prepaid research and development | | | 1,414 | | | | 833 | |
Due from joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | -- | | | | 1,428 | |
Other current assets | | | 1,756 | | | | 920 | |
Total current assets | | | 77,495 | | | | 63,765 | |
Fixed assets, net | | | 8,292 | | | | 8,960 | |
Intangibles, net | | | 1,056 | | | | 1,432 | |
Restricted cash | | | 4,314 | | | | 11,517 | |
Long-term investments | | | -- | | | | 1,992 | |
Other assets | | | 231 | | | | 249 | |
Investment in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | -- | | | | 258 | |
Total assets | | $ | 91,388 | | | $ | 88,173 | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | $ | 11,855 | | | $ | 9,288 | |
Current portion of deferred revenue | | | 3,676 | | | | 4,432 | |
Due to joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | -- | | | | 967 | |
Current portion of long-term obligations | | | 1,486 | | | | 1,618 | |
Other current liabilities | | | 1,126 | | | | 1,091 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 18,143 | | | | 17,396 | |
Deferred revenue | | | 4,687 | | | | 5,474 | |
Obligation to related party | | | -- | | | | 7,000 | |
Long-term obligations | | | 35,565 | | | | 33,210 | |
Deferred rent | | | 1,358 | | | | 1,632 | |
Total liabilities | | | 59,753 | | | | 64,712 | |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6, 8 and 9) | | | | | | | | |
Stockholders' equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006; 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 | | | -- | | | | -- | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 125,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006; 60,392,965 and 43,700,101 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively | | | 604 | | | | 437 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 316,438 | | | | 255,242 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (285,863 | ) | | | (232,623 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 456 | | | | 405 | |
Total stockholders' equity | | | 31,635 | | | | 23,461 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | | $ | 91,388 | | | $ | 88,173 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands, except share and per share data) | |
Product development and license fee revenue | | $ | 2,648 | | | $ | 3,514 | | | $ | 7,925 | | | $ | 9,612 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development expenses | | | 12,799 | | | | 12,451 | | | | 48,635 | | | | 33,546 | |
Less research and development expenses reimbursed by joint venture (Dyax–Genzyme LLC) | | | -- | | | | (3,997 | ) | | | (7,000 | ) | | | (12,230 | ) |
Net research and development expenses | | | 12,799 | | | | 8,454 | | | | 41,635 | | | | 21,316 | |
Equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | -- | | | | 2,545 | | | | 3,831 | | | | 7,741 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 3,799 | | | | 3,813 | | | | 11,376 | | | | 11,333 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 16,598 | | | | 14,812 | | | | 56,842 | | | | 40,390 | |
Loss from operations | | | (13,950 | ) | | | (11,298 | ) | | | (48,917 | ) | | | (30,778 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 945 | | | | 869 | | | | 2,508 | | | | 2,249 | |
Interest expense | | | (2,307 | ) | | | (1,053 | ) | | | (6,831 | ) | | | (1,608 | ) |
Total other income (expense), net | | | (1,362 | ) | | | (184 | ) | | | (4,323 | ) | | | 641 | |
Net loss | | | (15,312 | ) | | | (11,482 | ) | | | (53,240 | ) | | | (30,137 | ) |
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Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | 30 | | | | (32 | ) | | | (9 | ) | | | (30 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on short term investments | | | 65 | | | | 57 | | | | 59 | | | | 74 | |
Comprehensive loss | | $ | (15,217 | ) | | $ | (11,457 | ) | | $ | (53,190 | ) | | $ | (30,093 | ) |
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Basic and diluted net loss per share | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | $ | (1.05 | ) | | $ | (0.72 | ) |
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share | | | 57,887,861 | | | | 43,682,781 | | | | 50,598,022 | | | | 42,139,414 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (53,240 | ) | | $ | (30,137 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of purchased premium/discount | | | (751 | ) | | | (1,138 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets | | | 2,314 | | | | 2,206 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 394 | | | | 380 | |
Amortization of deferred rent | | | (274 | ) | | | (156 | ) |
Interest expense on Paul Royalty agreement | | | 6,038 | | | | 781 | |
Compensation expense associated with stock-based compensation plans | | | 2,081 | | | | 1,664 | |
Equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | 3,831 | | | | 7,741 | |
Provision for doubtful accounts | | | (25 | ) | | | (25 | ) |
Other | | | 285 | | | | -- | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | 1,394 | | | | 1,096 | |
Due from joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | 1,428 | | | | 692 | |
Prepaid research and development, and other assets �� | | | (1,374 | ) | | | 1,607 | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 2,504 | | | | 2,389 | |
Due to joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | (967 | ) | | | (1,852 | ) |
Deferred revenue | | | (1,542 | ) | | | (1,804 | ) |
Other long-term liabilities | | | 34 | | | | 58 | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (37,870 | ) | | | (16,498 | ) |
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Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Purchase of fixed assets | | | (800 | ) | | | (908 | ) |
Purchase of short term investments | | | (53,098 | ) | | | (97,253 | ) |
Proceeds from maturity of short term investments | | | 70,320 | | | | 71,650 | |
Cash received in purchase of joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | 17,000 | | | | -- | |
Restricted cash | | | 7,206 | | | | (7,134 | ) |
Investment in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | (3,837 | ) | | | (7,217 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 36,791 | | | | (40,862 | ) |
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Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan and exercise of stock options | | | 502 | | | | 413 | |
Net proceeds from common stock issuances | | | 41,339 | | | | 30,137 | |
Proceeds from long-term obligations | | | 402 | | | | 29,847 | |
Debt acquisition costs | | | -- | | | | (257 | ) |
Repayment of long-term obligations | | | (11,647 | ) | | | (1,988 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 30,596 | | | | 58,152 | |
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Effect of foreign currency translation on cash balances | | | 13 | | | | (16 | ) |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 29,530 | | | | 776 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | | | 11,295 | | | | 8,640 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | | $ | 40,825 | | | $ | 9,416 | |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of property and equipment under long-term obligations | | $ | 395 | | | $ | 415 | |
Shares issued to purchase joint venture assets (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | $ | 17,442 | | | $ | -- | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
DYAX CORP.
1. | NATURE OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION |
Dyax Corp. (Dyax or the Company) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of novel biotherapeutics for unmet medical needs, with an emphasis on oncology and inflammatory indications. Dyax uses its proprietary drug discovery technology, known as phage display, to identify antibody, small protein and peptide compounds for clinical development. Dyax also leverages its phage display technology through collaborations and licenses designed to generate revenue through funded research, license fees, milestone payments and royalties.
Dyax’s lead product candidate, DX-88 (ecallantide), is a recombinant small protein currently in clinical trials for its therapeutic potential in two separate indications. Dyax has completed three Phase 2 trials and one Phase 3 trial of DX-88 for the treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE). A second Phase 3 trial is ongoing. Additionally, Dyax has completed a Phase 1/2 trial of DX-88 for the prevention of blood loss during on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures. A Phase 2 trial for further development of DX-88 in on-pump cardiothoracic surgery (CTS), including CABG and heart valve replacement or repair procedures, is ongoing. Dyax owns worldwide commercial rights to the DX-88 program including the HAE and on-pump CTS indications.
The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry including, but not limited to, risks of preclinical and clinical trials, dependence on collaborative arrangements, development by the Company or its competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, and compliance with the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and other governmental regulations and approval requirements.
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and (iii) the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2007.
It is management’s opinion that the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (which are normal and recurring) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
2. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In July 2007, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 12,075,000 shares of its common stock in an underwritten public offering at a price of $3.67 per share including 1,575,000 shares issued when the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option at the public offering price. The aggregate net proceeds to the Company were approximately $41.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.
Equity Incentive Plan
The Company’s 1995 Equity Incentive Plan as amended to date (the “Plan”) is an equity plan that is intended to attract and retain employees, provide an incentive for them to assist the Company to achieve long-range performance goals and enable them to participate in the long-term growth of the Company. The Plan provides that equity awards, including awards of restricted stock and incentive and nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of common stock, may be granted to employees and consultants of the Company by action of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Plan provides that options may only be granted at the current market value on the date of grant. The Compensation Committee generally grants options that vest ratably over a 48 month period, and expire within ten years from date of grant unless terminated earlier by death, retirement or other termination. At September 30, 2007, a total of 4,027,953 shares were reserved and available for the issuance under this plan.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company’s 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended to date (the “Purchase Plan”) allows employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount from fair market value. Under this plan, eligible employees may purchase shares during six-month offering periods commencing on January 1 and July 1 of each year at a price per share of 85% of the lower of the fair market value price per share on the first or last day of each six-month offering period. Participating employees may elect to have up to 10% of their base pay withheld and applied toward the purchase of such shares. The rights of participating employees under this plan terminate upon voluntary withdrawal from the plan at any time or upon termination of employment. There were 99,938 and 98,621 shares purchased under the employee stock purchase plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. At September 30, 2007, a total of 263,892 shares were reserved and available for issuance under this plan.
Compensation Expense
The following table reflects stock compensation expense recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (Revised 2004) “Share-Based Payments” (SFAS 123R):
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Compensation expense related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity incentive plan | | $ | 767 | | | $ | 624 | | | $ | 1,998 | | | $ | 1,565 | |
Employee stock purchase plan | | | 30 | | | | 19 | | | | 83 | | | | 99 | |
| | $ | 797 | | | $ | 643 | | | $ | 2,081 | | | $ | 1,664 | |
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Amount included in research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | $ | 445 | | | $ | 344 | | | $ | 1,122 | | | $ | 916 | |
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Amount included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | $ | 352 | | | $ | 299 | | | $ | 959 | | | $ | 748 | |
3. INVESTMENTS
The Company considers its investment portfolio of short-term and long-term investments available-for-sale as defined in SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” Accordingly, these investments are recorded at fair value, which is based on quoted market prices. As of September 30, 2007, the Company’s short-term investments consisted of U.S. Treasury notes with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $32.7 million, and had an unrealized gain of $67,000. All short-term investments mature in one year or less. As of September 30, 2007, the Company had no long-term investments. As of December 31, 2006, the Company’s short-term investments consisted of U.S. Treasury notes and bills with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $47.2 million, and had an unrealized gain of $11,000, which is recorded in other comprehensive income on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had a long-term investment with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $2.0 million, and had an unrealized loss of $2,000, which is recorded in other comprehensive income on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
4. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:
| | September 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 1,311 | | | $ | 1,094 | |
Accrued employee compensation and related taxes | | | 2,791 | | | | 2,845 | |
Accrued external research and development and contract manufacturing | | | 5,159 | | | | 3,237 | |
Accrued legal expenses | | | 411 | | | | 473 | |
Other accrued liabilities | | | 2,183 | | | | 1,639 | |
| | $ | 11,855 | | | $ | 9,288 | |
5. NET LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share is computed under SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share.” Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted net loss per share does not differ from basic net loss per share since potential common shares from the exercise of stock options are antidilutive for all periods presented and, therefore, are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share. Stock options totaling 6,886,427 and 5,935,454 were outstanding at September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
6. INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURE (DYAX-GENZYME LLC) AND OTHER RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Prior to February 20, 2007, the Company had a collaboration agreement with Genzyme for the development and commercialization of DX-88 for hereditary angioedema (HAE). Under this collaboration, the Company and Genzyme formed a joint venture, known as Dyax–Genzyme LLC, through which they jointly owned the rights to DX-88 for the treatment of HAE. Dyax and Genzyme were each responsible for approximately 50% of ongoing costs incurred in connection with the development and commercialization of DX-88 for HAE and each would have been entitled to receive approximately 50% of any profits realized as a result. In addition, the Company was entitled to receive potential milestone payments from Genzyme in connection with the development of DX-88.
On February 20, 2007, the Company and Genzyme reached a mutual agreement to terminate this collaboration for the development and commercialization of DX-88 for the treatment of HAE. Pursuant to the termination agreement, Genzyme made a $17.0 million cash payment to the Dyax-Genzyme LLC. Furthermore, Genzyme assigned to Dyax all of its interests in the LLC, thereby transferring all the rights to the LLC’s assets to Dyax, including fixed assets, the rights to DX-88 worldwide, and the $17.0 million cash payment. As a result Dyax now has the right to develop and commercialize DX-88 worldwide in all indications, including HAE. In exchange, Dyax issued to Genzyme 4.4 million shares of its common stock. Genzyme also agreed to provide Dyax with transition services for a period following the termination of our agreement. Dyax’s acquisition of Genzyme’s 49.99% portion of the LLC was accounted for as a purchase of assets in exchange for 4.4 million shares of the Company’s common stock.
Before termination of the collaboration on February 20, 2007, research and development expenses incurred by each party related to the HAE program were billed to and reimbursed by Dyax–Genzyme LLC. The Company accounted for its interest in Dyax–Genzyme LLC using the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the reimbursement of expenses to Dyax was recorded as a reduction to research and development expenses. At December 31, 2006, the Company’s investment in the joint venture was $258,000, which is recorded as an Investment in Joint Venture (Dyax–Genzyme LLC) in the consolidated balance sheets under the equity method. As of September 30, 2007, the Company owns 100% of the LLC and has consolidated its results in the Company’s financial statements.
Prior to August 29, 2007, Genzyme held a senior secured promissory note issued by Dyax in May 2002. The promissory note, in the principal amount of $7.0 million, accrued interest at the prime rate plus 2%. Dyax’s obligations under this note were secured by a collateralized $7.2 million letter of credit, which was classified as restricted cash on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. On August 29, 2007, Dyax paid all the principal and accrued interest due under this note. The $7.2 million letter of credit that secured the loan was released and the cash collateral was reclassified from restricted cash and as of September 30, 2007 is included in cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s balance sheet.
Henry Blair, the Company’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer previously served as an outside director of Genzyme Corporation until May 2007 and was a consultant to Genzyme until 2001. Two of our other directors are former directors of Genzyme and another was an officer of Genzyme and then senior advisor to Genzyme’s Chief Executive Officer.
At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, Genzyme owned approximately 8.2% and 1.3%, respectively, of the Company's common stock outstanding.
7. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company discloses business segments under SFAS 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," which establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments in annual financial statements of public business enterprises. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company has evaluated its business activities that are regularly reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer and that have discrete financial information available. As a result of this evaluation, the Company determined that it has one segment with operations in two geographic locations. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had approximately $800,000 and $663,000, respectively, of long-lived assets located in Europe, with the remainder held in the United States. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, the Company did not have any external revenue outside the United States.
8. INCOME TAXES
We adopted the provisions of Financial Standards Accounting Board Interpretation No. 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“FIN 48”) an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“SFAS 109”) on January 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we recorded no adjustment for unrecognized income tax benefits. At the January 1, 2007 adoption date of FIN 48, and also at September 30, 2007, we had no unrecognized tax benefits.
We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of September 30, 2007, we had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
The tax years 1989 through 2006 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject.
At December 31, 2006, the Company had federal and state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards of $179.1 million and $132.6 million expiring at various dates through 2027, and orphan drug and research and development credit carryforwards ("tax credits") of $23.3 million expiring at various dates through 2027. Utilization of the NOL and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as well as similar state and foreign provisions, due to ownership change limitations that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. These ownership changes may limit the amount of NOL and tax credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an ownership change, as defined by Section 382, results from transactions increasing the ownership of certain shareholders or public groups in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. Since the Company's formation, the Company has raised capital through the issuance of capital stock on several occasions which, combined with the purchasing shareholders' subsequent disposition of those shares, may have resulted in a change of control, as defined by Section 382, or could result in a change of control in the future upon subsequent disposition. The Company will need to perform a study to assess whether a change of control has occurred or whether there have been multiple changes of control since the Company's formation. Due to the significant complexity and cost associated with such a study and the potential for additional changes in control in the future, the Company has not currently completed any such study. If we have experienced a change of control at any time since Company formation, utilization of our NOL or tax credit carryforwards would be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. Further, until a study is completed and any limitation known, no amounts are being presented as an uncertain tax position under FIN 48.
In addition to uncertainties surrounding the use of NOL carryforwards in a change of control, the Company has identified orphan drug and research and development credits as material components of our deferred tax asset. The uncertainties in these components arise from judgments in the allocation of costs utilized to calculate these credits. The Company has not conducted a study to analyze these credits to substantiate the amounts due to the significant complexity and cost associated with such study. Any limitation may result in expiration of a portion of the NOL or tax credits before utilization. Further, until a study is completed and any limitation known, no amounts are being presented as an uncertain tax position under FIN 48.
9. LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS
In August 2006, we entered into a Royalty Interest Assignment Agreement with Paul Royalty Fund Holdings II, LP, an affiliate of Paul Capital Partners, under which we received an upfront payment of $30 million. In exchange for this payment, we assigned Paul Royalty a portion of milestones, royalties and other license fees to be received by us under the Licensing and Funded Research Program (LFRP) through 2017. The agreement will extend for an additional two years if the LFRP does not meet certain financial thresholds. We also have an option to receive an additional $5 million payment from Paul Royalty in the event that the LFRP receipts achieve specified levels by the end of 2008, which would result in a pro rata increase in our payments to them.
Under the terms of the agreement, Paul Royalty was assigned a portion of the annual net LFRP receipts. The portion assigned to Paul Royalty is tiered as follows: 70% of the first $15 million in annual receipts, 20% of the next $5 million, and 1% of any receipts above $20 million. These percentages will increase on a pro rata basis if we are eligible to and elect to exercise our option for the additional $5 million payment. The agreement also provides for annual guaranteed minimum payments to Paul Royalty, which start at $1.75 million through 2007 and increase to $3.5 million in 2008 and 2009, $6 million for years 2010 through 2013 and $7 million for years 2014 through 2017. Paul Royalty’s rights to receive a portion of LFRP receipts will continue for up to 12 years, depending upon the performance of the LFRP. Upon termination of the agreement, all rights to LFRP receipts will revert to us.
The upfront cash payment of $30.0 million, less the $500,000 in cost reimbursements paid to Paul Royalty was recorded as a debt instrument in long-term obligations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Based upon estimated future payments expected under this agreement, the Company determined the interest expense by using the effective interest method. The best estimate of future payments was based upon returning to Paul Royalty an internal rate of return of 25% through net LFRP receipts, which approximates $104.2 million in total payments to Paul Royalty. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, the Company made payments totaling $3.3 million and $655,000, respectively, related to this obligation to Paul Royalty. Due to the application of the effective interest method and the total expected payments, the Company recorded interest expense of $6.0 million and $781,000, respectively, of which no amount was allocated to the principal amount. The debt balance was $33.5 million at September 30, 2007 and $30.7 million at December 31, 2006.
The Company capitalized $257,000 of debt issuance costs related to the agreement which are being amortized over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the unamortized debt issuance costs were $231,000 and $249,000, respectively, and are included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
The discussion in this item and elsewhere in this report contains forward-looking statements involving risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include those described under “Important Factors That May Affect Future Operations and Results” below.
OVERVIEW
We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of novel biotherapeutics for unmet medical needs, with an emphasis on oncology and inflammatory indications. We use our proprietary drug discovery technology, known as phage display, to identify antibody, small protein and peptide compounds for clinical development.
Our lead product candidate, DX-88 (ecallantide), is a recombinant small protein currently in clinical trials for its therapeutic potential in two separate indications. We have completed three Phase 2 trials and one Phase 3 trial of DX-88 for the treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE), a potentially life-threatening inflammatory condition. A second Phase 3 trial, known as EDEMA4, began in April 2007 and is being conducted under a Special Protocol Assessment (SPA). DX-88 has orphan drug designation in the United States and European Union, as well as Fast Track designation in the United States for the treatment of acute attacks of HAE.
Additionally, we have completed a Phase 1/2 trial of DX-88 for the prevention of blood loss during on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures. In May 2007, we initiated a Phase 2 trial for further development of DX-88 in on-pump cardiothoracic surgery (CTS), including CABG and heart valve replacement or repair procedures.
We own full worldwide commercial rights to the DX-88 program, including the HAE and on-pump CTS indications.
In addition to our candidates in clinical trials, we have identified two of our product candidates for preclinical development in oncology indications: DX-2240 and DX-2400. DX-2240 is a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets the Tie-1 receptor on tumor blood vessels. In preclinical models, DX-2240 has shown significant inhibition of tumor growth, especially in combination with other antiangiogenic therapies. DX-2400, another fully human monoclonal antibody, is a selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) which is expressed on tumor cells and tumor blood vessels. In preclinical models, DX-2400 has shown significant inhibition of tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis when used as a monotherapy.
We also have 11 other internal product candidates in our discovery and development pipeline. All of the compounds in our pipeline were discovered using our proprietary phage display technology, which rapidly identifies product candidates that bind with high affinity and specificity to therapeutic targets. Although we use this technology primarily to advance our own internal development activities, we also leverage it broadly through licenses and collaborations so that other biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can use the technology to discover and develop biopharmaceutical leads. Through this program, which we refer to as our Licensing and Funded Research Program, or LFRP, we have agreements with more than 70 licensees and collaborators, resulting in 15 product candidates that licensed third parties have advanced into clinical trials.
We incurred losses in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and expect to continue to incur significant operating losses over at least the next several years. We do not expect to generate profits until the therapeutic products from our development portfolio reach the market after being subjected to the uncertainties of the regulatory approval process.
Clinical Development Programs
DX-88 for HAE. We are developing DX-88 as a treatment for HAE. Through February 20, 2007, all development activities were conducted in collaboration with Genzyme Corporation and managed through Dyax–Genzyme LLC, a jointly owned limited liability company. On February 20, 2007, we reached a mutual agreement with Genzyme to terminate our collaboration. See Footnote 6 “Investment in Joint Venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) and Other Related Party Transactions” for additional information regarding this agreement. As a result, we now own all of the rights to DX-88 worldwide and are responsible for the future development of DX-88 for HAE.
The clinical development of DX-88 for HAE completed to date is summarized as follows:
· | In March 2003, we completed a 9-patient, multi-center, open-label, single dose, dose-escalating Phase 2 study, known as EDEMA0. |
· | In May 2004, we completed a 48-patient, multi-center, placebo-controlled, single dose, dose-escalating Phase 2 study, known as EDEMA1. |
· | In January 2006, we completed a 240 attack (77-patient), multi-center, open-label, repeat dosing Phase 2 study, known as EDEMA2. |
· | In November 2006, we completed a 72-patient, multi-center, Phase 3 study, known as EDEMA3, which was conducted at 34 sites in the United States, Europe, Canada and Israel. The primary objective of the EDEMA3 trial was to determine the |
| efficacy and safety of our fixed 30 mg subcutaneous (SC) dose of DX-88 for patients suffering from moderate to severe acute HAE attacks. The EDEMA3 trial was comprised of two phases: a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase and a repeat dosing phase. In the first phase, HAE patients received either a single dose of DX-88 or placebo. After patients received one treatment in the placebo-controlled portion of the study, they were eligible for the second phase where they received repeat dosing with DX-88 for any subsequent acute attacks. |
In addition to these completed studies, in April 2007 we treated the first patient in a second Phase 3 study, known as EDEMA4. The EDEMA4 trial is currently a 52-patient, multi-center study being conducted at approximately 40 sites in the United States. The protocol for the EDEMA4 trial includes an independent interim blinded analysis by the Data Safety Monitor Board (DSMB) to determine the final number of patients needed to complete the study as a risk mitigating measure. The trial is being conducted as a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which HAE patients will receive a single 30 mg SC dose of DX-88 or placebo. This trial, which is being conducted under a Special Protocol Assessment, is intended to further support the validity of the patient reported outcome methodology used in the EDEMA3 trial and further assess the efficacy and safety of DX-88. An on-going, open-label continuation study is also being conducted to augment our clinical data with respect to DX-88.
In light of the data generated by the trials we have completed to date and assuming the successful completion of the EDEMA4 trial, we now estimate regulatory approval of DX-88 for HAE in the United States at the end of 2008, followed by approval in the European Union. However, because regulatory approvals for new pharmaceutical products can be and often are significantly delayed or refused for numerous reasons, including those described under ‘‘Risk factors’’ in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, DX-88 may not be approved on the timeline we expect, or at all.
We estimate the total remaining costs to approval of DX-88 for HAE in the United States to be in the range of $45 million to $55 million. As a result of the termination of our collaboration with Genzyme, we will be responsible for funding all of these costs. Under the terms of the termination agreement, we received all of the assets of Dyax-Genzyme LLC, including fixed assets, the rights to DX-88 worldwide, and a $17.0 million cash payment made by Genzyme to the LLC in connection with the termination, which is being used to partially offset the costs to commercialization.
The following table illustrates the activity associated with DX-88 for HAE included in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
DX-88 for HAE costs included within research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | $ | 5,880 | | | $ | 3,918 | | | $ | 22,271 | | | $ | 11,992 | |
Less research and development expenses reimbursed by joint venture (Dyax–Genzyme LLC) per the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | -- | | | | (3,997 | ) | | | (7,000 | ) | | | (12,230 | ) |
Net research and development expenses for DX-88 for HAE | | | 5,880 | | | | (79 | ) | | | 15,271 | | | | (238 | ) |
Equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) separately classified within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | -- | | | | 2,545 | | | | 3,831 | | | | 7,741 | |
Net loss on DX-88 for HAE program | | $ | 5,880 | | | $ | 2,466 | | | $ | 19,102 | | | $ | 7,503 | |
During the three months ended September 30, 2007 (the “2007 Quarter”), the research and development expenses on this program totaled $5.9 million compared with $3.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2006 (the “2006 Quarter”). During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the research and development expenses on this program totaled $22.3 million compared with $12.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase in spending from 2006 to 2007 is attributable to increased preclinical costs for additional toxicology studies, increased clinical study costs for the close out of EDEMA3 and start up costs for EDEMA4 and the continuation trial, and an increase in personnel expenses.
Dyax–Genzyme LLC was responsible for the reimbursement of all development expenses related to the HAE program in the first quarter of 2007 until the termination of the LLC on February 20, 2007. This reimbursement is recorded as research and development expenses reimbursed by joint venture (Dyax–Genzyme LLC) in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In the 2006 Quarter, Dyax–Genzyme LLC reimbursed us $4.0 million for our expenses relating to the program. For the 2007 Quarter we received no reimbursements from the LLC, nor will we receive any in subsequent quarters. In the first nine months of 2007, Dyax-Genzyme LLC reimbursed us for $7.0 million of our expenses through the date of the termination.
In the first quarter of 2007 through the date of the termination Dyax–Genzyme LLC had net losses of approximately $7.7 million. These losses represented the total research and development expenses incurred by Dyax and Genzyme on DX-88 for HAE in the first quarter of 2007. Our portion of the losses, accounted for under the equity method, were $3.8 million and $7.7 million for the first nine months of 2007 and 2006, respectively, and were proportional to our 50.01% financial interest in the program prior to the collaboration’s termination. Our portion of the losses is separately classified as equity loss in joint venture on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. All expenditures on the program after February 20, 2007 are the sole responsibility of Dyax and are included in research and development expense on our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. In the 2007 Quarter there was no equity loss in the Dyax-Genzyme LLC joint venture due to the fact that Dyax is now the sole owner of the LLC and consolidates the LLC, nor will there be any such equity loss in subsequent quarters.
DX-88 for on-pump CTS. We are currently developing DX-88 as an alternate treatment for the prevention of blood loss in patients undergoing on-pump cardiothoracic surgery (on-pump CTS), specifically CABG and heart valve replacement or repair procedures.
In May 2007, we initiated a Phase 2, 160-patient, randomized, placebo-controlled study that will be conducted at 12 or more major U.S. cardiac surgery centers. During the 2007 Quarter, research and development expenses on this program totaled $745,000, compared to $417,000 for the 2006 Quarter. The increase in spending from 2006 to 2007 is attributable to clinical trial costs related to our Phase 2 study. We estimate the total remaining cost of this Phase 2 trial to be approximately $7.0 million to $9.0 million over all of 2008 and the remainder of 2007. Because of the risks and uncertainties associated with this program, including our ongoing clinical trials, our need to locate a development partner or obtain the additional funding needed to support our programs, the preparation and filing of a Biologic License Application (BLA), the regulatory review process and the risk that we may have to repeat, revise or expand the scope of trials or conduct additional clinical trials not presently planned to secure marketing approvals, we are unable to accurately predict the costs to complete the development of DX-88 in the on-pump CTS indication, or whether this program will be successfully completed at all.
Goals for Clinical Development Programs. Our goal for both of our ongoing clinical development programs for DX-88 is to obtain marketing approval from the FDA and analogous international regulatory agencies. Material cash inflows for either of these programs, other than upfront and milestone payments from any collaboration we may enter into, will not commence until after marketing approvals are obtained, and then only if the product candidate finds acceptance in the marketplace as a treatment for its disease indication. Because of the many risks and uncertainties related to the completion of clinical trials, receipt of marketing approvals and acceptance in the marketplace, we cannot predict when material cash inflows from these programs will commence, if ever.
Other Biopharmaceutical Discovery and Development Programs.
In addition to our lead product candidate, DX-88, we are also actively pursuing other biopharmaceutical discovery and development programs, with an emphasis on oncology and inflammatory indications. We currently have 13 other product candidates in our discovery and development pipeline, two of which are currently in preclinical development. Our most advanced is DX-2240, our first fully human monoclonal antibody product candidate discovered using our phage libraries. DX-2240 targets the Tie-1 receptor on tumor blood vessels. In animal models to date, DX-2240 has inhibited lung, colorectal, renal, pancreatic and prostate tumor growth and had significant tumor inhibitory activity in combination with other antiangiogenic therapies, such as Genentech’s Avastin® and Bayer’s Nexavar®. Currently, we expect to conclude preclinical studies on DX-2240 in the fourth quarter of 2007 in order to be in a position to file an IND, subject to strategic considerations, which may include partnering.
Our development pipeline also includes DX-2400, a fully human monoclonal antibody that is a selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) on tumor cells and tumor blood vessels. DX-2400 offers a potential treatment for a broad range of solid tumors. It has been shown to significantly inhibit tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in multiple preclinical models in a dose-responsive manner.
In total, these programs represented approximately $5.9 million of our research and development expenses during the 2007 Quarter.
Our Business Strategy
Our business strategy is to build a broad portfolio of biotherapeutic products developed using our proprietary phage display technology. We intend to accomplish this through the following activities:
· | Focus our efforts on completing the clinical development of DX-88 for the treatment of HAE; |
· | Complete the ongoing Phase 2 trial of DX-88 as a treatment for patients undergoing on-pump CTS; |
· | Optimize the value of the DX-88 franchise through one or more strategic collaborations; |
· | Position ourselves to advance one other product candidate into the clinic; |
· | Continue to use our technology and expertise to discover, develop and commercialize new therapeutic product candidates either alone or in collaboration with partners; and |
· | Continue to license our technology broadly under the LFRP. |
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2007 AND 2006
Revenue. Substantially all our revenue has come from licensing, funded research and development activities, including milestone payments from our licensees and collaborators. This revenue fluctuates from quarter-to-quarter due to the timing of the clinical activities of our collaborators and licensees. Revenue decreased to $2.6 million in the 2007 Quarter from $3.5 million in the 2006 Quarter, a decrease of $866,000. This decrease primarily relates to a $1.5 million decrease in revenue associated with our former DX-890 product collaboration with Debiopharm, which concluded in 2006, offset by a $572,000 increase in revenue from library and patent license agreements.
Research and Development. Our research and development expenses for the 2007 and 2006 Quarters are summarized as follows:
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Research and development per consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | $ | 12,799 | | | $ | 12,451 | |
Less research and development expenses reimbursed by joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) per consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | -- | | | | (3,997 | ) |
Net research and development expenses per consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | 12,799 | | | | 8,454 | |
Equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) separately classified within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | -- | | | | 2,545 | |
Research and development expenses adjusted to include equity loss in joint venture | | $ | 12,799 | | | $ | 10,999 | |
Our research and development expenses arise primarily from compensation and other related costs for our personnel dedicated to research and development activities and for the fees paid and costs reimbursed to outside parties to conduct research and clinical trials and to manufacture drug compounds prior to FDA approval. In the 2007 Quarter, all expenses incurred on the DX-88 program for HAE are included in our overall research and development expenses. In the 2006 Quarter, a portion of expenses incurred on the program were reimbursed by Dyax–Genzyme LLC joint venture and excluded from net research and development expenses. The joint venture was terminated in February 2007 and therefore there was no reimbursement from the joint venture nor any equity loss in the joint venture for the 2007 Quarter.
Combining our net research and development expenses and our equity loss in joint venture to show our total expenses for research and development, our adjusted net research and development expenses increased $1.8 million from the 2006 Quarter to the 2007 Quarter due to a $2.5 million decrease in our equity loss in joint venture and a $4.3 million increase in net research and development expenses. The decrease in our equity loss in joint venture was a result of the termination of the joint venture. Of the $4.3 million increase in research and development expenses, $4.0 million is attributable to decreased reimbursement of research and development expense from the joint venture. DX-88 for HAE program costs increased $2.0 million due to clinical trial costs for EDEMA3 and EDEMA4, personnel expenses, and preclinical studies for the development of DX-88 for HAE. The remainder of the increase is primarily attributable to incremental costs to support the DX-88 on-pump CTS program. These increases were offset by a decrease of $1.1 million for preclinical and small scale manufacturing costs associated with the advancement of DX-2240 and a decrease of $1.4 million in DX-88 manufacturing costs for process validation runs for use in both the HAE and on-pump CTS programs. The process validation runs began in the 2006 Quarter and were completed in the first half of 2007.
Our management believes that the above presentation of adjusted net research and development expenses, although a non-GAAP measure, provides investors a better understanding of how total research and development efforts affect our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in prior periods. Our presentation of this measure, however, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
General and Administrative. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of the costs of our management and administrative staff, as well as expenses related to business development, protecting our intellectual property, administrative occupancy, professional fees, market research and promotion activities and the reporting requirements of a public company. General and administrative expenses remained at $3.8 million for the 2007 Quarter compared to $3.8 million for the 2006 Quarter.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $1.3 million, from $1.1 million in the 2006 Quarter to $2.3 million in the 2007 Quarter. This increase is primarily due to non-cash interest from our revenue assignment agreement with Paul Royalty, which was $2.1 million in the 2007 Quarter.
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2007 AND 2006
Revenue. Substantially all our revenue has come from licensing, funded research and development activities, including milestone payments from our licensees and collaborators. This revenue fluctuates from period to period due to the timing of the clinical activities of our collaborators and licensees. Revenue decreased to $7.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 (the “2007 Period”) from $9.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 (the “2006 Period”), a decrease of $1.7 million. This decrease primarily relates to a $3.6 million decrease in revenue associated with our former DX-890 product collaboration with Debiopharm, which concluded in the 2006 Period, offset by a $1.0 million increase in revenue from collaborations and a $913,000 increase in revenue from library license agreements.
Research and Development. Our research and development expenses for 2007 and 2006 Periods are summarized as follows:
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Research and development per consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | $ | 48,635 | | | | 33,546 | |
Less research and development expenses reimbursed by joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) per consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | (7,000 | ) | | | (12,230 | ) |
Net research and development expenses per consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | 41,635 | | | | 21,316 | |
Equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) separately classified within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss | | | 3,831 | | | | 7,741 | |
Research and development expenses adjusted to include equity loss in joint venture | | $ | 45,466 | | | $ | 29,057 | |
Our research and development expenses arise primarily from compensation and other related costs, for our personnel dedicated to research and development activities and for the fees paid and costs reimbursed to outside parties to conduct research and clinical trials and to manufacture drug compounds prior to FDA approval. The expenses we incur on the DX-88 program for HAE are included in our overall research and development expenses, but expenses through February 20, 2007 were reimbursed by the Dyax–Genzyme LLC joint venture and excluded from net research and development expenses. However, we jointly funded the losses of that program with Genzyme, so our line item for equity loss in joint venture represents our share of all expenses for the development of DX-88 for HAE through February 20, 2007, including any incurred by Genzyme. In subsequent quarters there will be no reimbursement from the joint venture with Genzyme nor any equity loss in the joint venture.
Of the $15.1 million increase in research and development expenses, $5.4 million is attributable to DX-88 manufacturing costs for process validation runs for use in both the HAE and on-pump CTS programs. The process validation runs began in the third quarter of 2006 and were completed in the first six months of 2007. DX-88 for HAE program costs increased $6.6 million from the 2006 Period due to increases in clinical trial costs for EDEMA3 and EDEMA4, increased personnel costs, additional preclinical toxicology studies, and increased manufacturing costs related to drug product validation studies. The additional $3.1 million increase in research and development expenses is attributable to an increase in clinical trial costs for DX-88 in the on-pump CTS program, and an increase in preclinical and small scale manufacturing costs associated with advancing the formal development of DX-2240.
Combining our net research and development expenses and our equity loss in joint venture to show our total expenses for research and development, our adjusted net research and development expenses increased $16.4 million from the 2006 Period to the 2007 Period due primarily to a $15.1 million increase in research and development expenses. The offsetting decrease in our equity loss in joint venture and reimbursed research and development expenses reflects the termination of the joint venture.
Our management believes that the above presentation of adjusted net research and development expenses, although a non-GAAP measure, provides investors a better understanding of how total research and development efforts affected our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in prior year periods. Our presentation of this measure, however, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
General and Administrative. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of the costs of our management and administrative staff, as well as expenses related to business development, protecting our intellectual property, administrative occupancy, professional fees, market research and promotion activities and the reporting requirements of a public company. General and administrative expenses increased to $11.4 million for the 2007 Period compared to $11.3 million for the 2006 Period, an increase of $43,000. The increase was due to increased personnel costs.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $5.2 million, from $1.6 million in the 2006 Period to $6.8 million in the 2007 Period. This increase is primarily due to non-cash interest from our revenue assignment agreement with Paul Royalty, which totaled $6.0 million in the 2007 Period.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Net loss | | $ | (53,240 | ) | | $ | (30,137 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 2,708 | | | | 2,586 | |
Interest expense on Paul Royalty agreement | | | 6,038 | | | | 781 | |
Compensation expense associated with stock-based compensation plans | | | 2,081 | | | | 1,664 | |
Equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | 3,831 | | | | 7,741 | |
Change in accounts receivable | | | 1,394 | | | | 1,096 | |
Change in accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 2,504 | | | | 2,389 | |
Prepaid research and development, and other assets | | | (1,374 | ) | | | 1,607 | |
Due from joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | 1,428 | | | | 692 | |
Due to joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) | | | (967 | ) | | | (1,852 | ) |
Deferred revenue | | | (1,542 | ) | | | (1,804 | ) |
Other changes in operating activities | | | (731 | ) | | | (1,261 | ) |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (37,870 | ) | | | (16,498 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 36,791 | | | | (40,862 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 30,596 | | | | 58,152 | |
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash balances | | | 13 | | | | (16 | ) |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 29,530 | | | $ | 776 | |
We require cash to fund our operating expenses, to make capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments, and to pay debt service. Through September 30, 2007, we have funded our operations principally through the sale of equity securities, which have provided aggregate net cash proceeds since inception of approximately $285 million, including net proceeds of $41.3 million from our July 2007 underwritten offering. We also generate funds from biopharmaceutical product development and license fee revenue, long-term obligations and other sources such as the August 2006 transaction with Paul Capital that provided us a $29.5 million net cash payment in exchange for granting Paul Royalty the right to receive a specific percentage of the net royalties, including milestone fees and other payments, receivable by us under our Licensing and Funded Research Program (LFRP). As of September 30, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments aggregating $73.6 million. Our excess funds are currently invested in short-term investments primarily consisting of U.S. Treasury notes and bills and money market funds backed by U.S. Treasury obligations.
Our operating activities used cash of $37.9 million in the 2007 Period, compared with $16.5 million in the 2006 Period. Our cash used in operating activities for the 2007 Period consisted primarily of our net loss of $53.2 million offset by adjustments for non-cash items, including equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) of $3.8 million, interest expense related to the Paul Royalty agreement of $6.0 million, depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangibles totaling $2.7 million, compensation expense associated with stock-based compensation plans totaling $2.1 million and a net $1.5 million change in operating assets and liabilities. The change in operating assets and liabilities includes an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $2.5 million, a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.4 million, a decrease in amount due from the joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) totaling $1.4 million, and a decrease in amount due to the joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) totaling $967,000. In subsequent quarters there will be no amount due to or from the joint venture. Our cash used in operating activities for the 2006 Period consisted primarily of our net loss of $30.1 million, partially offset by adjustments for non-cash items, including equity loss in joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) of $7.7 million, depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangibles totaling $2.6 million and compensation expense associated with stock-based compensation plans totaling $1.7 million, and a net $2.2 million change in operating assets and liabilities. The change in operating assets and liabilities includes a $1.8 million decrease in deferred revenue, a reimbursement due from the joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) totaling $692,000, which is our costs incurred on the DX-88 for HAE program during the 2006 Period that have not been reimbursed as of September 30, 2006, an amount due to the joint venture (Dyax-Genzyme LLC) totaling $1.9 million, which is our contribution payable to the LLC to fund a portion of its costs incurred in the 2006 Period, increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $2.4 million, a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.1 million, and a $1.6 million decrease in prepaid research and development and other assets.
Our investing activities provided cash of $36.8 million in the 2007 Period and used cash of $40.9 million in the 2006 Period. Our investing activities for the 2007 Period are related to the $17.0 million of cash received in connection with the purchase of the joint venture, the release of $7.2 million from restricted cash in association with paying off the Genzyme note, and the timing of the maturity of our short-term investments. Our investing activities for the 2006 Period consist primarily of the timing of the maturity of our short-term investments, as well as the posting of collateral for our $7.2 million stand-by letter of credit for our amended and restated senior secured promissory note to Genzyme. Our investing activities for the 2007 and 2006 Periods also include contributions to Dyax-Genzyme LLC of $3.8 million and $7.2 million, respectively.
Our financing activities provided cash of $30.6 million in the 2007 Period, compared with $58.2 million in the 2006 Period. Our financing activities for the 2007 Period primarily consist of the net proceeds of $41.3 from our July underwritten public offering, offset by the repayment of long-term obligations of $11.6 million, which includes $7.2 million to pay off the Genzyme note, and payments to Paul Royalty. Our financing activities for the 2006 Period included net proceeds of $30.1 million from our March underwritten public offering, and $29.5 million received from Paul Royalty under our Royalty Interest Assignment Agreement, partially offset by the repayment of long-term obligations of $2.0 million.
We have financed fixed asset acquisitions through capital leases. These obligations are collateralized by the assets under lease.
We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, the proceeds from the July underwritten offering plus anticipated cash flow from product development, license fees and collaborations will be sufficient to support our current operating plans into 2009. We expect to use approximately $45 million of cash during 2007 in support of our operating activities. For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to fund any deficit from our operations through the sale of additional equity or debt securities. The sale of any equity or debt securities may result in additional dilution to our stockholders, and we cannot be certain that additional financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain any required additional financing, we may be required to reduce the scope of our planned research, development and commercialization activities, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
In July 2007, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 12,075,000 shares of its common stock in an underwritten public offering at a price of $3.67 per share, including 1,575,000 shares issued when the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option at the public offering price. The aggregate net proceeds to the Company were approximately $41.3 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The proceeds from this offering will be used for research and development, including clinical development of DX-88 in the HAE and on-pump CTS indications and preclinical development and discovery research with respect to our product candidates in our pipeline.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements with the exception of operating leases.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 under the heading “Contractual Obligations,” we outlined our commitments and contingencies. For the quarter ended September 30, 2007, there have been no material changes in our commitments and contingencies.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, our most critical accounting policies and estimates upon which our financial status depends upon were identified as those relating to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, royalty interest obligations, share-based compensation and valuation of long-lived and intangible assets. We reviewed our policies and determined that those policies remain our most critical accounting policies for the quarter ended September 30, 2007. In the third quarter of 2007, there have been no changes to our critical accounting policies.
IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE OPERATIONS AND RESULTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our results of operations, financial resources, research and development programs, pre-clinical studies, clinical trials and collaborations. Statements that are not historical facts are based on our current expectations, beliefs, assumptions, estimates, forecasts and projections for our business and the industry and markets in which we compete. The statements contained in this report are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in such forward-looking statements. Important factors which may affect future operating results, research and development programs, pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and collaborations include, without limitation, those set forth in Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. You should carefully review the risks described herein and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Item 3 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our exposure to market risk consists primarily of our cash and cash equivalents and short term investments. We place our investments in high-quality financial instruments, primarily U.S. Treasury notes and bills, and obligations of U.S. government agencies, which we believe are subject to limited credit risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. As of September 30, 2007, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $73.6 million. Our short-term investments will decline by an immaterial amount if market interest rates increase, and therefore, our exposure to interest rate changes is immaterial. Declines of interest rates over time will, however, reduce our interest income from our short-term investments.
As of September 30, 2007, we had $37.1 million outstanding under long-term obligations. Interest rates on $3.6 million of these obligations are fixed and therefore are not subject to interest rate fluctuations. The assumed interest rate on the $33.5 million outstanding to Paul Royalty under our Royalty Interest Assignment Agreement is calculated using the effective interest method based upon estimated future royalty interest obligation payments and therefore is not subject to interest rate fluctuations. Therefore our exposure to interest rate changes is immaterial.
Most of our transactions are conducted in U.S. dollars. We have collaboration and technology license agreements with parties located outside of the United States. We also have a research facility located in Europe. Transactions under certain of the agreements between us and parties located outside of the United States, as well as transactions conducted by our foreign facility, are conducted in local foreign currencies. If exchange rates undergo a change of up to 10%, we do not believe that it would have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.
Item 4 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation of our internal control that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 6 – EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT NO. | | DESCRIPTION |
| | |
3.1 | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24537) for the quarter ended June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| | |
3.2 | | Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company. Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24537) for the quarter ended September 30, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| | |
3.3 | | Certificate of Designations Designating the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Company. Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-24537) filed with the Commission on June 27, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| | |
10.1[†] | | Amended and Restated License Agreement between Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited and the Company dated as of July 30, 2007. Filed herewith. |
| | |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to §240.13a-14 or §240.15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Filed herewith. |
| | |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to §240.13a-14 or §240.15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Filed herewith. |
| | |
32 | | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. Filed herewith. |
| † | This Exhibit has been filed separately with the Commission pursuant to an application for confidential treatment. The confidential portions of this Exhibit have been omitted and are marked by an asterisk. |
DYAX CORP.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| DYAX CORP. |
| |
Date: November 1, 2007 | |
| /s/ Stephen S. Galliker | |
| Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
DYAX CORP.
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT NO. | | DESCRIPTION |
| | |
3.1 | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24537) for the quarter ended June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| | |
3.2 | | Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company. Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24537) for the quarter ended September 30, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| | |
3.3 | | Certificate of Designations Designating the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Company. Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-24537) filed with the Commission on June 27, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference. |
| | |
10.1[†] | | Amended and Restated License Agreement between Cambridge Antibody Technology Limited and the Company dated as of July 30, 2007. Filed herewith. |
| | |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to §240.13a-14 or §240.15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Filed herewith. |
| | |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to §240.13a-14 or §240.15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Filed herewith. |
| | |
32 | | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. Filed herewith. |
| † | This Exhibit has been filed separately with the Commission pursuant to an application for confidential treatment. The confidential portions of this Exhibit have been omitted and are marked by an asterisk. |
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