Loans and Leases | Note 5. Loans and Leases The following table sets forth the composition of the loan and lease portfolio at the dates indicated: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percent of Loans Held for Investment Amount Percent of Loans Held for Investment Loans and Leases Held for Investment: Mortgage Loans: Multi-family $ 29,932,829 73.92 % $ 29,883,919 74.46 % Commercial real estate 7,079,241 17.49 6,998,834 17.44 One-to-four family 435,686 1.08 446,094 1.11 Acquisition, development, and construction 326,634 0.81 407,870 1.02 Total mortgage loans held for investment 37,774,390 93.30 $ 37,736,717 94.03 Other Loans: Commercial and industrial 1,764,169 4.36 1,705,308 4.25 Lease financing, net of unearned income of $ 74,451 53,891 (1) 940,895 2.32 683,112 1.70 Total commercial and industrial loans (2) 2,705,064 6.68 2,388,420 5.95 Other 7,976 0.02 8,724 0.02 Total other loans held for investment 2,713,040 6.70 2,397,144 5.97 Total loans and leases held for investment $ 40,487,430 100.00 % $ 40,133,861 100.00 % Net deferred loan origination costs 38,589 32,047 Allowance for losses (156,636 ) (159,820 ) Total loans and leases, net $ 40,369,383 $ 40,006,088 (1) The payments on these leases are generally received ratably over future years. Approximately 41 (2) Includes specialty finance loans and leases of $ 2.2 1.9 477.5 469.9 Loans and Leases Loans and Leases Held for Investment The majority of the loans the Company originates for investment are multi-family loans, most of which are collateralized by non-luxury apartment buildings in New York City with rent-regulated units and below-market rents. In addition, the Company originates CRE loans, most of which are collateralized by income-producing properties such as office buildings, retail centers, mixed-use buildings, and multi-tenanted light industrial properties that are located in New York City and on Long Island. To a lesser extent, the Company also originates ADC loans for investment. One-to-four family loans held for investment were originated through the Company’s former mortgage banking operation and primarily consisted of jumbo prime adjustable rate mortgages made to borrowers with a solid credit history. ADC loans are primarily originated for multi-family and residential tract projects in New York City and on Long Island. C&I loans consist of asset-based loans, equipment loans and leases, and dealer floor-plan loans (together, specialty finance loans and leases) that generally are made to large corporate obligors, many of which are publicly traded, carry investment grade or near-investment grade ratings, and participate in stable industries nationwide; and other C&I loans that primarily are made to small and mid-size businesses in Metro New York. Other C&I loans are typically made for working capital, business expansion, and the purchase of machinery and equipment. The repayment of multi-family and CRE loans generally depends on the income produced by the underlying properties which, in turn, depends on their successful operation and management. To mitigate the potential for credit losses, the Company underwrites its loans in accordance with credit standards it considers to be prudent, looking first at the consistency of the cash flows being produced by the underlying property. In addition, multi-family buildings, CRE properties, and ADC projects are inspected as a prerequisite to approval, and independent appraisers, whose appraisals are carefully reviewed by the Company’s in-house appraisers, perform appraisals on the collateral properties. In many cases, a second independent appraisal review is performed. To further manage its credit risk, the Company’s lending policies limit the amount of credit granted to any one borrower and typically require conservative debt service coverage ratios and loan-to-value ratios. Nonetheless, the ability of the Company’s borrowers to repay these loans may be impacted by adverse conditions in the local real estate market and the local economy. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that its underwriting policies will protect the Company from credit-related losses or delinquencies. ADC loans typically involve a higher degree of credit risk than loans secured by improved or owner-occupied real estate. Accordingly, borrowers are required to provide a guarantee of repayment and completion, and loan proceeds are disbursed as construction progresses, as certified by in-house inspectors or third-party engineers. The Company seeks to minimize the credit risk on ADC loans by maintaining conservative lending policies and rigorous underwriting standards. However, if the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, the cost of completion is greater than expected, or the length of time to complete and/or sell or lease the collateral property is greater than anticipated, the property could have a value upon completion that is insufficient to assure full repayment of the loan. This could have a material adverse effect on the quality of the ADC loan portfolio, and could result in losses or delinquencies. In addition, the Company utilizes the same stringent appraisal process for ADC loans as it does for its multi-family and CRE loans. To minimize the risk involved in specialty finance lending and leasing, the Company participates in syndicated loans that are brought to it, and equipment loans and leases that are assigned to it, by a select group of nationally recognized sources who have had long-term relationships with its experienced lending officers. Each of these credits is secured with a perfected first security interest or outright ownership in the underlying collateral, and structured as senior debt or as a non-cancelable lease. To further minimize the risk involved in specialty finance lending and leasing, each transaction is re-underwritten. In addition, outside counsel is retained to conduct a further review of the underlying documentation. To minimize the risks involved in other C&I lending, the Company underwrites such loans on the basis of the cash flows produced by the business; requires that such loans be collateralized by various business assets, including inventory, equipment, and accounts receivable, among others; and typically requires personal guarantees. However, the capacity of a borrower to repay such a C&I loan is substantially dependent on the degree to which the business is successful. In addition, the collateral underlying such loans may depreciate over time, may not be conducive to appraisal, or may fluctuate in value, based upon the results of operations of the business. Included in loans held for investment at March 31, 2019 were loans of $35.0 million to officers, direc tors, and their related interests and parties. There were no loans to principal shareholders at that date. Lease Financing The Company is a lessor in the equipment finance business where it has executed direct financing leases. The Company uses the interest rate implicit in the lease to determine the present value of its lease financing receivables. The Company recognized $7.3 million of interest income on its leases during the three months ended March 31, 2019. On all of its lease financings, the Company obtains residual value insurance from third parties and/or the lessee to manage the risk associated with the residual value of the leased assets. Asset Quality The following table presents information regarding the quality of the Company’s loans held for investment at March 31, 2019: (in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Non- Accrual Loans Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Still Accruing Interest Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Receivable Multi-family $ 2,359 $ 4,070 $ — $ 6,429 $ 29,926,400 $ 29,932,829 Commercial real estate 3,278 3,007 — 6,285 7,072,956 7,079,241 One-to-four family 9 1,637 — 1,646 434,040 435,686 Acquisition, development, and construction 6,608 — — 6,608 320,026 326,634 Commercial and industrial (1) (2) 231 49,851 — 50,082 2,654,982 2,705,064 Other 45 9 — 54 7,922 7,976 Total $ 12,530 $ 58,574 $ — $ 71,104 $ 40,416,326 $ 40,487,430 (1) Includes $ 33.8 (2) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were current. The following table presents information regarding the quality of the Company’s loans held for investment at December 31, 2018: (in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Non- Accrual Loans Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Still Accruing Interest Total Past Due Loans Current Loans Total Loans Receivable Multi-family $ — $ 4,220 $ — $ 4,220 $ 29,879,699 $ 29,883,919 Commercial real estate — 3,021 — 3,021 6,995,813 6,998,834 One-to-four family 9 1,651 — 1,660 444,434 446,094 Acquisition, development, and construction — — — — 407,870 407,870 Commercial and industrial (1) (2) 530 36,608 — 37,138 2,351,282 2,388,420 Other 25 6 — 31 8,693 8,724 Total $ 564 $ 45,506 $ — $ 46,070 $ 40,087,791 $ 40,133,861 (1) Includes $ 530,000 35.5 (2) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were current. The following table summarizes the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator at March 31, 2019: Mortgage Loans Other Loans (in thousands) Multi- Family Commercial Real Estate One-to- Four Family Acquisition, Development, and Construction Total Mortgage Loans Commercial and Industrial (1) Other Total Other Loans Credit Quality Indicator: Pass $ 29,671,752 $ 6,944,249 $ 432,380 $ 276,666 $ 37,325,047 $ 2,628,058 $ 7,717 $ 2,635,775 Special mention 232,295 63,529 1,669 36,825 334,318 3,722 — 3,722 Substandard 28,782 71,463 1,637 13,143 115,025 73,284 259 73,543 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 29,932,829 $ 7,079,241 $ 435,686 $ 326,634 $ 37,774,390 $ 2,705,064 $ 7,976 $ 2,713,040 (1) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were classified as Pass. The following table summarizes the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator at December 31, 2018: Mortgage Loans Other Loans (in thousands) Multi- Family Commercial Real Estate One-to- Four Family Acquisition, Development, and Construction Total Mortgage Loans Commercial and Industrial (1) Other Total Other Loans Credit Quality Indicator: Pass $ 29,548,242 $ 6,880,105 $ 444,443 $ 319,001 $ 37,191,791 $ 2,306,563 $ 8,469 $ 2,315,032 Special mention 312,025 90,653 — 73,964 476,642 19,751 — 19,751 Substandard 23,652 28,076 1,651 14,905 68,284 62,106 255 62,361 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 29,883,919 $ 6,998,834 $ 446,094 $ 407,870 $ 37,736,717 $ 2,388,420 $ 8,724 $ 2,397,144 (1) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were classified as Pass. The preceding classifications are the most current ones available and generally have been updated within the last twelve months. In addition, they follow regulatory guidelines and can generally be described as follows: pass loans are of satisfactory quality; special mention loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention; substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged (these loans have a well-defined weakness and there is a possibility that the Company will sustain some loss); and doubtful loans, based on existing circumstances, have weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. In addition, one-to-four family loans are classified based on the duration of the delinquency. Troubled Debt Restructurings The Company is required to account for certain loan modifications and restructurings as TDRs. In general, a modification or restructuring of a loan constitutes a TDR if the Company grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. A loan modified as a TDR generally is placed on non-accrual status until the Company determines that future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which requires, among other things, that the borrower demonstrate performance according to the restructured terms for a period of at least six consecutive months. In an effort to proactively manage delinquent loans, the Company has selectively extended to certain borrowers concessions such as rate reductions, extension of maturity dates, and forbearance agreements. As of March 31, 2019, loans on which concessions were made with respect to rate reductions and/or extension of maturity dates amounted to $34.6 million; loans on which forbearance agreements were reached amounted to $37,000. The following table presents information regarding the Company’s TDRs as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Accruing Non-Accrual Total Accruing Non-Accrual Total Loan Category: Multi-family $ — $ 4,070 $ 4,070 $ — $ 4,220 $ 4,220 Commercial real estate — — — — — — One-to-four family — 1,012 1,012 — 1,022 1,022 Acquisition, development, and construction 6,535 — 6,535 8,297 — 8,297 Commercial and industrial 865 22,117 22,982 865 20,477 21,342 Total $ 7,400 $ 27,199 34,599 $ 9,162 $ 25,719 $ 34,881 The eligibility of a borrower for work-out concessions of any nature depends upon the facts and circumstances of each loan, which may change from period to period, and involves judgment by Company personnel regarding the likelihood that the concession will result in the maximum recovery for the Company. The financial effects of the Company’s TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows: For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Interest Rate Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Investment Post-Modification Recorded Investment Pre- Modification Post- Modification Charge-off Amount Capitalized Interest Loan Category: Commercial and industrial 15 $ 4.194 $ 3,088 3.26 % 2.98 % $ 1,106 $ — For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Interest Rate Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Investment Post-Modification Recorded Investment Pre- Modification Post- Modification Charge-off Amount Capitalized Interest Loan Category: Acquisition, development, and construction 1 $ 900 $ 900 4.50 % 4.50 % $ — $ — Commercial and industrial 6 3,166 1,754 3.28 3.21 1,318 — Total 7 $ 4,066 $ 2,654 $ 1,318 $ — At March 31, 2019, three C&I loans, in the amount of $566,000 that had been modified as a TDR during the twelve months ended at that date and were in payment default. At March 31, 2018, 11 C&I loans in the amount of $2.9 The Company does not consider a payment to be in default when the loan is in forbearance, or otherwise granted a delay of payment, when the agreement to forebear or allow a delay of payment is part of a modification. Subsequent to the modification, the loan is not considered to be in default until payment is contractually past due in accordance with the modified terms. However, the Company does consider a loan with multiple modifications or forbearance periods to be in default, and would also consider a loan to be in default if the borrower were in bankruptcy or if the loan were partially charged off subsequent to modification. |