Loans and Leases | NOTE 5: LOANS AND LEASE S The following table sets forth the composition of the loan and lease portfolio at the dates indicated: December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percent of Amount Percent of Investment Loans and Leases Held for Investment: Mortgage Loans: Multi-family $ 31,158,672 74.46 % $ 29,883,919 74.46 % Commercial real estate 7,081,910 16.93 6,998,834 17.44 One-to-four 380,361 0.91 446,094 1.11 Acquisition, development, and construction 200,596 0.48 407,870 1.02 Total mortgage loans held for investment 38,821,539 92.78 37,736,717 94.03 Other Loans: Commercial and industrial 1,742,380 4.16 1,705,308 4.25 Lease financing, net of unearned income of $104,826 and $53,891, respectively 1,271,998 3.04 683,112 1.70 Total commercial and industrial loans (1) 3,014,378 7.20 2,388,420 5.95 Other 8,102 0.02 8,724 0.02 Total other loans held for investment 3,022,480 7.22 2,397,144 5.97 Total loans and leases held for investment $ 41,844,019 100.00 % $ 40,133,861 100.00 % Net deferred loan origination costs 50,136 32,047 Allowance for loan (147,638 ) (159,820 ) Total loans and leases, net $ 41,746,517 $ 40,006,088 (1) Includes specialty finance loans and leases of $2.6 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively, at December 31 31 Loans and Leases Loans and Leases Held for Investment The majority of the loans the Company originates for investment are multi-family loans, most of which are collateralized by non-luxury mixed-use To a lesser extent, the Company also originates ADC loans for investment. One-to-four ADC loans are primarily originated for multi-family and residential tract projects in New York City and on Long Island. C&I loans consist of asset-based loans, equipment loans and leases, and dealer floor-plan loans (together, specialty finance loans and leases) that generally are made to large corporate obligors, many of which are publicly traded, carry investment grade or near-investment grade ratings, and participate in stable industries nationwide; and other C&I loans that primarily are made to small and mid-size The repayment of multi-family and CRE loans generally depends on the income produced by the underlying properties which, in turn, depends on their successful operation and management. To mitigate the potential for credit losses, the Company underwrites its loans in accordance with credit standards it considers to be prudent, looking first at the consistency of the cash flows being produced by the underlying property. In addition, multi-family buildings, CRE properties, and ADC projects are inspected as a prerequisite to approval, and independent appraisers, whose appraisals are carefully reviewed by the Company’s in-house performed. To further manage its credit risk, the Company’s lending policies limit the amount of credit granted to any one borrower and typically require conservative debt service coverage ratios and loan-to-value . ADC loans typically involve a higher degree of credit risk than loans secured by improved or owner-occupied real estate. Accordingly, borrowers are required to provide a guarantee of repayment and completion, and loan proceeds are disbursed as construction progresses, as certified by in-house To minimize the risk involved in specialty finance lending and leasing, the Company participates in syndicated loans that are brought to it, and equipment loans and leases that are assigned to it, by a select group of nationally recognized sources who have had long-term relationships with its experienced lending officers. Each of these credits is secured with a perfected first security interest or outright ownership in the underlying collateral, and structured as senior debt or as a non-cancelable re-underwritten. To minimize the risks involved in other C&I lending, the Company underwrites such loans on the basis of the cash flows produced by the business; requires that such loans be collateralized by various business assets, including inventory, equipment, and accounts receivable, among others; and typically requires personal guarantees. However, the capacity of a borrower to repay such a C&I loan is substantially dependent on the degree to which the business is successful. In addition, the collateral underlying such loans may depreciate over time, may not be conducive to appraisal, or may fluctuate in value, based upon the results of operations of the business. Included in loans held for investment at December 1 Asset Quality The following table presents information regarding the quality of the Company’s loans held for investment at December 31, 2019: (in thousands) Loans 30-89 Non- Loans 90 Days or More Total Past Due Current Total Loans Multi-family $ 1,131 $ 5,407 $ — $ 6,538 $ 31,152,134 $ 31,158,672 Commercial real estate 2,545 14,830 — 17,375 7,064,535 7,081,910 One-to-four — 1,730 — 1,730 378,631 380,361 Acquisition, development, and construction — — — — 200,596 200,596 Commercial and industrial (1) (2) — 39,024 — 39,024 2,975,354 3,014,378 Other 44 252 — 296 7,806 8,102 Total $ 3,720 $ 61,243 $ — $ 64,963 $ 41,779,056 $ 41,844,019 (1) Includes $30.4 million of taxi medallion-related loans that were 90 days or more past due . There wer e no taxi medallion -related (2) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were current. The following table presents information regarding the quality of the Company’s loans held for investment at December 31, 2018: (in thousands) Loans 30-89 Non- Loans 90 Days or More Total Past Due Current Total Loans Multi-family $ — $ 4,220 $ — $ 4,220 $ 29,879,699 $ 29,883,919 Commercial real estate — 3,021 — 3,021 6,995,813 6,998,834 One-to-four 9 1,651 — 1,660 444,434 446,094 Acquisition, development, and construction — — — — 407,870 407,870 Commercial and industrial (1) (2) 530 36,608 — 37,138 2,351,282 2,388,420 Other 25 6 — 31 8,693 8,724 Total $ 564 $ 45,506 $ — $ 46,070 $ 40,087,791 $ 40,133,861 (1) Includes $530,000 and $35.5 million of taxi medallion-related loans that were 30 to 89 days past due and 90 days or more past due, respectively. (2) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were current. The following table summarizes the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator at December 31, 2019: Mortgage Loans Other Loans (in thousands) Multi-Family Commercial One-to-Four Acquisition, Total Commercial (1) Other Total Other Credit Quality Indicator: Pass $ 30,903,657 $ 6,902,218 $ 377,883 $ 158,751 $ 38,342,509 $ 2,960,557 $ 7,850 $ 2,968,407 Special mention 239,664 104,648 748 41,456 386,516 1,588 — 1,588 Substandard 15,351 75,044 1,730 389 92,514 52,233 252 52,485 Doubtful — — — — — — — Total $ 31,158,672 $ 7,081,910 $ 380,361 $ 200,596 $ 38,821,539 $ 3,014,378 $ 8,102 $ 3,022,480 (1) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were classified as Pass. The following table summarizes the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator at December 31, 2018: Mortgage Loans Other Loans (in thousands) Multi-Family Commercial One-to-Four Acquisition, Total Commercial (1) Other Total Other Credit Quality Indicator: Pass $ 29,548,242 $ 6,880,105 $ 444,443 $ 319,001 $ 37,191,791 $ 2,306,563 $ 8,469 $ 2,315,032 Special mention 312,025 90,653 — 73,964 476,642 19,751 — 19,751 Substandard 23,652 28,076 1,651 14,905 68,284 62,106 255 62,361 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 29,883,919 $ 6,998,834 $ 446,094 $ 407,870 $ 37,736,717 $ 2,388,420 $ 8,724 $ 2,397,144 (1) Includes lease financing receivables, all of which were classified as Pass. The preceding classifications are the most current ones available and generally have been updated within the last twelve months. In addition, they follow regulatory guidelines and can generally be described as follows: pass loans are of satisfactory quality; special mention loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention; substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged (these loans have a well-defined weakness and there is a possibility that the Company will sustain some loss); and doubtful loans, based on existing circumstances, have weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. In addition, one-to-four delinquency. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had no residential mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure . The interest income that would have been recorded under the original terms of non-accrual December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 2017 Interest income that would have been recorded $ 5,599 $ 4,145 $ 4,974 Interest income actually recorded (3,409 ) (3,480 ) (2,904 ) Interest income foregone $ 2,190 $ 665 $ 2,070 Troubled Debt Restructurings The Company is required to account for certain loan modifications and restructurings as TDRs. In general, a modification or restructuring of a loan constitutes a TDR if the Company grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. A loan modified as a TDR generally is placed on non-accrual In an effort to proactively manage delinquent loans, the Company has selectively extended to certain borrowers concessions such as rate reductions, extension of maturity dates, and forbearance agreements. As of December 31 The following table presents information regarding the Company’s TDRs as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Accruing Non-Accrual Total Accruing Non-Accrual Total Loan Category: Multi-family $ — $ 3,577 $ 3,577 $ — $ 4,220 $ 4,220 Commercial real estate — — — — — — One-to-four — 584 584 — 1,022 1,022 Acquisition, development, and construction 389 — 389 8,297 — 8,297 Commercial and industrial (1) 865 35,084 35,949 865 20,477 21,342 Total $ 1,254 $ 39,245 $ 40,499 $ 9,162 $ 25,719 $ 34,881 (1) Includes $27.3 million and $20.4 million of taxi medallion-related loans at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The eligibility of a borrower for work-out The financial effects of the Company’s TDRs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows: For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Interest Rate Number of Loans Pre- Modification Post- Modification Pre- Modification Post- Charge-off Capitalized Interest Loan Category: One-to-four family 1 $ 131 $ 131 5.50 % 5.50 % $ — $ 3 Commercial and industrial 72 35,156 30,685 4.31 4.37 4,471 — Total 73 $ 35,287 $ 30,816 $ 4,471 $ 3 For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) Weighted Average Interest Rate Number of Loans Pre- Modification Post- Modification Pre- Modification Post- Charge-off Capitalized Interest Loan Category: Acquisition, development, and construction 1 $ 900 $ 900 4.50 % 4.50 % $ — $ — Commercial and industrial 21 7,763 5,455 3.25 3.13 2,308 — Total 22 $ 8,663 $ 6,355 $ 2,308 $ — For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands Weighted Average Interest Rate Number of Pre- Modification Post- Modification Pre- Modification Post- Charge-off Capitalized Interest Loan Category: One-to-four 4 $ 810 $ 986 5.93 % 2.21 % $ — $ 12 Acquisition, development, and construction 2 8,652 8,652 5.50 5.50 — — Commercial and industrial 65 52,179 26,409 3.36 3.29 14,273 — Total 71 $ 61,641 $ 36,047 $ 14,273 $ 12 At December 31 one-to-four million The Company does not consider a payment to be in default when the loan is in forbearance, or otherwise granted a delay of payment, when the agreement to forebear or allow a delay of payment is part of a modification. Subsequent to the modification, the loan is not considered to be in default until payment is contractually past due in accordance with the modified terms. However, the Company does consider a loan with multiple modifications or forbearance periods to be in default, and would also consider a loan to be in default if the borrower were in bankruptcy or if the loan were partially charged off subsequent to modification. |