Stock Based Compensation | 9. Stock Based Compensation The Company adopted the A. O. Smith Combined Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) effective January 1, 2007. The Plan was reapproved by stockholders on April 16, 2012. The Plan is a continuation of the A. O. Smith Combined Executive Incentive Compensation Plan which was originally approved by stockholders in 2002. The number of shares available for granting of options or share units at September 30, 2018 was 2,488,996. Upon stock option exercise or share unit vesting, shares are issued from treasury stock. Total stock based compensation expense recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Total stock based compensation recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $9.7 million and $8.5 million, respectively. Stock Options The stock options granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have three year pro rata vesting from the date of grant. Stock options are issued at exercise prices equal to the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant. For active employees, all options granted in 2018 and 2017 expire ten years after the date of grant. The Company’s stock options are expensed ratably over the three year vesting period; however, included in stock option expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was expense associated with the accelerated vesting of stock option awards for certain employees who either are retirement eligible or become retirement eligible during the vesting period. Stock based compensation expense attributable to stock options in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Stock based compensation expense attributable to stock options in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $4.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively. Changes in option shares, all of which relate to the Company’s Common Stock, were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018: Weighted- Number of Average Aggregate Outstanding at January 1, 2018 $ 27.73 2,263,126 Granted 61.62 373,220 Exercised 24.22 (162,102 ) Forfeited 47.94 (26,622 ) Outstanding at September 30, 2018 32.91 2,447,622 7 years $ 53.1 Exercisable at September 30, 2018 24.39 1,680,117 6 years $ 48.7 The weighted-average fair value per option at the date of grant during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was $14.80 and $13.04, respectively. Assumptions were as follows: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 Expected life (years) 5.7 5.7 Risk-free interest rate 2.9 % 2.4 % Dividend yield 1.0 % 1.0 % Expected volatility 22.1 % 26.5 % The expected lives of options for purposes of these models are based on historical exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rates for purposes of these models are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of grant for the respective expected lives of the option. The expected dividend yields for purposes of these models are based on the dividends paid in the preceding four quarters divided by the grant date market value of the Common Stock. The expected volatility for purposes of these models are based on the historical volatility of the Common Stock. Stock Appreciations Rights (SARs) Certain non-U.S.-based Restricted Stock and Share Units Participants may also be awarded shares of restricted stock or share units under the Plan. The Company granted 106,581 and 107,755 share units under the plan in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The share units were valued at $6.6 million and $5.4 million at the date of issuance in 2018 and 2017, respectively, based on the price of the Company’s Common Stock at the date of grant. The share units are recognized as compensation expense ratably over the three-year vesting period; however, included in share unit expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was expense associated with accelerated vesting of share unit awards for certain employees who either are retirement eligible or will become retirement eligible during the vesting period. Stock based compensation expense attributable to share units of $1.0 million and $0.7 million was recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Stock based compensation expense attributable to share units of $5.1 million and $4.5 million was recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Certain non-U.S.-based A summary of share unit activity under the plan is as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018: Number of Weighted-Average Issued and unvested at January 1, 2018 433,290 $ 34.96 Granted 106,581 61.70 Vested (145,105 ) 30.79 Forfeited (13,500 ) 43.13 Issued and unvested at September 30, 2018 381,266 42.94 |