Partnerre (PREJF) 20-F 25 Mar 24 2023 FY Annual report (foreign) Financial data

Cover

Cover	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
Entity Listings [Line Items]
Document type	20-F
Amendment flag	false
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document period end date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Entity File Number	001-14536
Entity registrant name	PartnerRe Ltd.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	D0
Entity Address, Address Line One	90 Pitts Bay Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Pembroke
Entity Address, Country	BM
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	HM08
Title of 12(b) Security	4.875% Series J Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Shares, $1.00 par value
Trading Symbol	PRE-J
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity well known seasoned issuer	No
Entity voluntary filers	No
Entity current reporting status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity filer category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity emerging growth company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Document Accounting Standard	U.S. GAAP
Entity shell company	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current fiscal year end date	--12-31
Entity central index key	0000911421
Business Contact
Entity Listings [Line Items]
Contact Personnel Name	Abina Kealy
Entity Address, Address Line One	90 Pitts Bay Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Pembroke
Entity Address, Country	BM
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	HM 08
City Area Code	441
Local Phone Number	292-0888
Contact Personnel Email Address	abina.kealy@partnerre.com
Common shares
Entity Listings [Line Items]
Entity common stock shares outstanding	100,000,000
Common Class C
Entity Listings [Line Items]
Entity common stock shares outstanding	59,847

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltd.	PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltd.	Ernst & Young Ltd.
Auditor Location	Hamilton, Bermuda	Hamilton, Bermuda	Hamilton, Bermuda
Auditor Firm ID	1403	1403	1277

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $16,604,693; 2022 $14,925,319)		$ 15,090,056	$ 13,021,914
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $1,032,895; 2022, $536,139)		1,020,257	523,510
Equities, at fair value (cost: 2023, $532,484; 2022, $586,107)		917,170	929,886
Investments in real estate		56,188	57,984
Other invested assets		3,464,839	3,355,106
Total investments		20,548,510	17,888,400
Cash and cash equivalents (restricted: 2023, $97,620; 2022: $137,782)		1,097,423	1,251,596
Accrued investment income		122,107	103,752
Reinsurance balances receivable (1)	[1]	3,377,324	3,342,612
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses		1,921,231	1,947,786
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		215,611	247,276
Funds held by reinsured companies		450,454	471,570
Deferred acquisition costs		1,020,704	1,012,067
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value		144,636	131,186
Deposit assets		164,189	81,053
Net tax assets		563,368	160,634
Goodwill		456,380	456,380
Intangible assets		81,913	89,769
Other assets		324,639	203,119
Total assets		30,488,489	27,387,200
Liabilities
Non-life reserves (1)	[1]	13,151,309	12,725,631
Life and health reserves (1)	[1]	2,859,257	2,497,519
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value		5,062	9,170
Unearned premiums (1)	[1]	2,741,755	2,745,371
Other reinsurance balances payable (1)	[1]	655,240	632,336
Debt		1,883,585	1,848,003
Deposit liabilities		6,009	4,681
Net tax liabilities		57,584	38,576
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		704,267	488,594
Total liabilities		22,064,068	20,989,881
Shareholders’ Equity
Common shares (par value $0.00000001; issued and outstanding: 100,000,000 shares)		0	0
Preferred shares (par value $1.00; issued and outstanding: 8,000,000 shares; aggregate liquidation value: $200,000)		8,000	8,000
Additional paid-in capital		1,929,934	1,929,934
Accumulated other comprehensive income		7,527	70,879
Retained earnings		6,478,960	4,388,506
Total shareholders’ equity		8,424,421	6,397,319
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$ 30,488,489	$ 27,387,200
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Consolidated Balance Sheet (Par

Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Amortized cost of trading securities, debt	$ 16,604,693	$ 14,925,319
Short-term investments, amortized cost	1,032,895	536,139
Equities, at cost	532,484	586,107
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 97,620	$ 137,782
Common shares, par value	$ 0.00	$ 0.00
Common shares, shares issued	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred shares, par value per share	$ 1	$ 1
Preferred shares, shares issued	8,000,000	8,000,000
Preferred shares, shares outstanding	8,000,000	8,000,000
Aggregate liquidation value	$ 200,000	$ 200,000

Consolidated Statements of Oper

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues
Gross premiums written (1)	[1]	$ 9,102,358	$ 8,689,279	$ 8,203,925
Net premiums written (1)	[1]	7,928,912	7,544,195	7,134,018
Increase in unearned premiums (1)	[1]	(10,152)	(287,078)	(177,496)
Net premiums earned (1)	[1]	7,918,760	7,257,117	6,956,522
Net investment income		645,685	398,348	376,469
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)		517,426	(1,969,014)	37,797
Other income		40,965	40,492	28,748
Total revenues		9,122,836	5,726,943	7,399,536
Expenses
Losses and loss expenses (liability remeasurement loss (gain): 2023, $7,102; 2022,$(1,267); 2021, $98,937) (1)	[1]	4,990,208	4,725,872	4,851,040
Market risk benefit gains		(7,079)	(121,211)	(19,873)
Acquisition costs (1)	[1]	1,563,107	1,537,213	1,391,502
Other expenses		463,385	414,876	398,542
Interest expense		57,532	55,185	55,606
Amortization of intangible assets		7,906	8,912	8,861
Net foreign exchange losses		42,542	14,774	36,498
Total expenses		7,117,601	6,635,621	6,722,176
Income (loss) before taxes and interest in (losses) earnings of equity method investments		2,005,235	(908,678)	677,360
Income tax benefit (expense)		327,924	(41,895)	(39,967)
Interest in (losses) earnings of equity method investments		(15,040)	10,821	126,795
Net income (loss)		2,318,119	(939,752)	764,188
Preferred dividends		9,750	9,750	22,693
Loss on redemption of preferred shares		0	0	21,234
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholder		2,308,369	(949,502)	720,261
Comprehensive income (loss)
Net income (loss)		2,318,119	(939,752)	764,188
Change in currency translation adjustment		(3,180)	5,670	44,160
Change in net unrealized gains or losses on investments, net of tax		(26)	0	(128)
Change in unfunded pension obligation, net of tax		(15,005)	12,573	23,307
Change in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax		(49,984)	99,250	53,053
Change in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax		4,843	49,794	3,825
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(63,352)	167,287	124,217
Comprehensive income (loss)		$ 2,254,767	$ (772,465)	$ 888,405
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Consolidated Statements of Op_2

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (loss) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Remeasurement Gain (Loss)	$ 7,102	$ (1,267)	$ 98,937

Consolidated Statements of Shar

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Previously Reported	Common shares	Preferred shares	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Currency translation adjustment	Currency translation adjustment Previously Reported	Currency translation adjustment LDTI Impact	Unfunded pension obligation	Unrealized gain on investments	Discount rate for liability for future policy benefits	Discount rate for liability for future policy benefits Previously Reported	Discount rate for liability for future policy benefits LDTI Impact	Instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits	Instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits Previously Reported	Instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits LDTI Impact	Retained earnings	Retained earnings Previously Reported	Retained earnings LDTI Impact
Balance at beginning of year at Dec. 31, 2020		$ 7,326,997	$ 0	$ 25,490	$ 2,334,564	$ (96,005)		$ (65,788)	$ (739)	$ (30,371)	$ 154		$ 0	$ (66,966)		$ 0	$ (56,915)		$ 5,062,948	$ (160,640)
Issuance of preferred shares				8,000	185,887
Redemption of preferred shares				(25,490)	(590,517)
Change in currency translation adjustment	$ 44,160	43,120					$ 44,160
Change in unfunded pension obligation, net of tax	23,307									23,307
Change in net unrealized gains or losses on investments, net of tax	(128)										(128)
Change in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax	(53,053)	0										$ 53,053
Change in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax	3,825	0													$ 3,825
Net Income (Loss)	764,188	723,404																$ 764,188
Dividends on common shares																		(106,667)
Dividends on preferred shares	(22,693)																	(22,693)
Loss on redemption of preferred shares	(21,234)																	(21,234)
Balance at end of year at Dec. 31, 2021	7,357,428		0	8,000	1,929,934	(96,408)	(22,367)	(22,367)	0	(7,064)	26	(13,913)	(13,913)	0	(53,090)	(53,090)	0	5,515,902	5,515,902	0
Balance at end of period, tax impact at Dec. 31, 2021										1,840	0	8,999			6,117
Issuance of preferred shares				0	0
Redemption of preferred shares				0	0
Change in currency translation adjustment	5,670	9,464					5,670
Change in unfunded pension obligation, net of tax	12,573									12,573
Change in net unrealized gains or losses on investments, net of tax	0										0
Change in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax	(99,250)	0										99,250
Change in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax	49,794	0													49,794
Net Income (Loss)	(939,752)	(1,090,029)																(939,752)
Dividends on common shares																		(177,894)
Dividends on preferred shares	(9,750)																	(9,750)
Loss on redemption of preferred shares	0																	0
Balance at end of year at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 6,397,319	$ 6,288,350	0	8,000	1,929,934	70,879	(16,697)	$ (16,697)	$ 0	5,509	26	85,337	$ 85,337	$ 0	(3,296)	$ (3,296)	$ 0	4,388,506	$ 4,388,506	$ 0
Balance at end of period, tax impact at Dec. 31, 2022										1,230	0	(4,040)			380
Accounting Standards Update	Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
Issuance of preferred shares				0	0
Redemption of preferred shares				0	0
Change in currency translation adjustment	$ (3,180)						(3,180)
Change in unfunded pension obligation, net of tax	(15,005)									(15,005)
Change in net unrealized gains or losses on investments, net of tax	(26)										(26)
Change in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax	49,984											(49,984)
Change in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax	4,843														4,843
Net Income (Loss)	2,318,119																	2,318,119
Dividends on common shares																		(217,915)
Dividends on preferred shares	(9,750)																	(9,750)
Loss on redemption of preferred shares	0																	0
Balance at end of year at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 8,424,421		$ 0	$ 8,000	$ 1,929,934	$ 7,527	$ (19,877)			(9,496)	0	35,353			1,547			$ 6,478,960
Balance at end of period, tax impact at Dec. 31, 2023										$ (2,375)	$ 0	$ (5,998)			$ 245

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)		$ 2,318,119	$ (939,752)	$ 764,188
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of net premium on investments		2,878	78,162	57,900
Amortization of intangible assets		7,906	8,912	8,861
Market risk benefit gains		(7,079)	(121,211)	(19,873)
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses		(517,426)	1,969,014	(37,797)
Changes in:
Reinsurance balances, net		(8,986)	(381,838)	19,366
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable		39,753	(297,170)	(640,614)
Funds held by reinsured companies		(69,753)	53,335	113,626
Deferred acquisition costs		568	(134,704)	(118,069)
Net tax assets and liabilities		(381,549)	(61,891)	5,004
Non-life and life and health reserves		658,698	959,669	873,085
Unearned premiums, net of prepaid reinsurance premiums		10,152	287,078	177,496
Other net changes in operating assets and liabilities		182,400	48,805	29,417
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,235,681	1,468,409	1,232,590
Cash flows from investing activities
Sales of fixed maturities		723,372	623,929	3,693,365
Redemptions of fixed maturities		1,662,939	1,216,920	2,381,821
Purchases of fixed maturities		(4,038,399)	(2,940,597)	(8,141,246)
Sales of short-term investments		219,073	308,622	252,527
Redemptions of short-term investments		845,215	227,118	321,609
Purchases of short-term investments		(1,513,449)	(867,605)	(372,901)
Sales of equities		236,303	915,583	161,501
Purchases of equities		(54,507)	(78,425)	(144,537)
Sales and redemptions of other invested assets		728,857	545,411	1,106,211
Purchases of other invested assets		(902,693)	(627,460)	(1,555,569)
Other, net		(79,717)	11,679	(31,903)
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,173,006)	(664,825)	(2,329,122)
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to common and preferred shareholders		(227,665)	(187,644)	(129,360)
Redemption of Class B common shares	[1]	0	(6,346)	(581)
Issuance of preferred shares		0	0	193,887
Redemption of preferred shares		0	0	(637,241)
Redemption of debt		0	(560)	0
Net cash used in financing activities		(227,665)	(194,550)	(573,295)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash		10,817	(18,335)	(20,109)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(154,173)	590,699	(1,689,936)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year		1,251,596	660,897	2,350,833
Cash and cash equivalents—end of year		1,097,423	1,251,596	660,897
Supplemental cash flow information:
Taxes paid		221,368	216,467	100,222
Interest paid		$ 57,227	$ 54,867	$ 56,177
[1] Class B shares are liability-accounted on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 17 for further details.

Organization

Organization	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization	Organization PartnerRe Ltd. primarily provides reinsurance on a worldwide basis through its principal wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Partner Reinsurance Company Ltd. (PartnerRe Bermuda), Partner Reinsurance Europe SE (PartnerRe Europe), Partner Reinsurance Company of the U.S. (PartnerRe U.S.), Partner Reinsurance Asia Pte. Ltd. (PartnerRe Asia) and PartnerRe Life Reinsurance Company of Canada (PartnerRe Canada). Non-life risks reinsured include agriculture, aviation/space, casualty, catastrophe, energy, engineering, financial risks, marine, motor, multiline, property and U.S. health. Life and health risks include mortality, morbidity, longevity and financial reinsurance solutions. PartnerRe Ltd. and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to hereinafter as PartnerRe, the Company or the PartnerRe Group. The Company was incorporated in August 1993 under the laws of Bermuda. The Company commenced operations in November 1993 upon completion of the sale of common shares and warrants pursuant to subscription agreements and an initial public offering. The Company completed the acquisition of Societe Anonyme Francaise de Reassurances (SAFR) in 1997, the acquisition of Winterthur Re in 1998, the acquisition of PARIS RE Holdings Limited (Paris Re) in 2009, the acquisition of Presidio Reinsurance Group, Inc. (Presidio) in 2012 and the acquisition of Aurigen Capital Limited (Aurigen) in 2017. On March 18, 2016, the Company's publicly held common shares were acquired by Exor N.V. (subsequently renamed to EXOR Nederland N.V), whose ultimate parent is EXOR N.V. (Exor), which is listed on the Milan Stock Exchange. As a result of the acquisition, PartnerRe's publicly issued common shares were cancelled and are no longer publicly traded. On December 16, 2021, Exor announced that it had signed a definitive agreement with Covéa Coopérations S.A. (Covéa Coopérations), under which Covéa Coopérations would acquire PartnerRe's common shares. Preferred shares issued by PartnerRe were not included in the transaction. Consummation of this transaction occurred on July 12, 2022. The Company’s preferred shares continue to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	Significant Accounting Policies The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. While management believes that the amounts included in the Consolidated Financial Statements reflect its best estimates and assumptions, actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s principal estimates include: • Non-life reserves; • Life and health reserves; • Reinsurance recoverable for unpaid losses; • Gross and net premiums written and net premiums earned; • Valuation and recoverability of deferred tax assets; • Fair value measurements of certain financial instrument assets; and • Valuation of goodwill The following are the Company’s significant accounting policies: (a) Premiums Gross premiums written and earned are based upon reports received from ceding companies, supplemented by the Company’s own estimates of premiums written and earned for which ceding company reports have not been received. The determination of premium estimates requires a review of the Company’s experience with cedants, familiarity with each market, an understanding of the characteristics of each line of business and management’s assessment of the impact of various other factors on the volume of business written and ceded to the Company. Premium estimates are updated as new information is received from cedants and differences between such estimates and actual amounts are recorded in the period in which the estimates are changed or the actual amounts are determined. Net premiums written and earned are presented net of ceded premiums. Premiums related to non-life business are earned on a basis that is consistent with the risks covered under the terms of the reinsurance contracts, which is generally one to two years. Reinstatement premiums are recognized as written and earned at the time a loss event occurs, where coverage limits for the remaining life of the contract are reinstated under pre-defined contract terms. The accrual of reinstatement premiums is based on management’s estimate of losses and loss expenses associated with the loss event. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written which is applicable to the unexpired risks under contracts in force. Premiums related to traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts are recorded over the premium-paying period on the underlying policies. Premiums on contracts for which there is no significant mortality or critical illness risk are accounted for in a manner consistent with accounting for interest-bearing financial instruments and are not reported as revenues, but rather as direct deposits to the contract. Amounts assessed against annuity and universal life policyholders are recognized as revenue in the period assessed. Premiums related to life and health short-duration business are earned on a basis that is consistent with the risks covered under the terms of the reinsurance contracts, which is generally one to two years. (b) Losses and Loss Expenses Non-life reserves Reserves for non-life business include amounts determined from loss reports on individual treaties (case reserves), additional case reserves when the Company’s loss estimate is higher than reported by the cedants (ACRs) and amounts for losses incurred but not yet reported to the Company (IBNR). Such reserves are estimated by management based upon reports received from ceding companies, supplemented by the Company’s own actuarial estimates of reserves for which ceding company reports have not been received, and based on the Company’s own historical experience. To the extent that the Company’s own historical experience is inadequate for estimating reserves, such estimates may be determined based upon industry experience and management’s judgment. The estimates are regularly reviewed and the ultimate liability may be materially in excess of, or less than, the amounts provided. Any adjustments are reflected in the periods in which they are determined, which may affect the Company’s operating results in future periods. See Note 9 fo r further details. Life and Health Reserves Traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts For traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts, which includes long-term protection and longevity business, the Company accrues a liability for future policy benefits (LFPB) over time as revenue is recognized based on a net premium ratio. The net premium ratio is the proportion of present value of gross premiums required to provide for all benefits and certain expenses. The LFPB uses the Company's current best estimate assumption of future cash flows discounted at a rate that approximates a single A rated corporate bond yield. Contracts are generally grouped into cohorts by product type, issue year, geographical region, currency, and other factors. Each quarter, the Company reviews its estimate of cash flows expected over the entire life of a group of contracts using actual historical experience and current future best estimate assumptions, and if the cash flows change, the LFPB is updated using a net premium ratio. The revised net premium ratio is calculated as of contract inception. This revised net premium ratio will derive a remeasurement gain or loss that is presented as a component of Losses and loss expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the net premium ratio exceeds 100% for a given cohort, a corresponding adjustment is recognized immediately in net income. The calculated LFPB cannot be less than zero for a given cohort. The net premium ratio is not updated for changes in discount rate assumptions, as the impact of changes in quarterly discount rates are recorded in Comprehensive income or loss. The current discount rate assumption for all contracts is derived from a yield curve based on upper-medium grade fixed income securities (single A rated credit). For unobservable discount rates, the Company uses estimates consistent with fair value guidance, maximizing the use of relevant, observable market prices and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. The locked-in discount rate assumption is utilized for purposes of interest accretion recognized in Losses and loss expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and for updating the net premium ratio. The locked-in discount rate assumption is based on the weighted average upper-medium grade fixed income yields during the first calendar year of the contract. The most significant cash flow assumptions used are mortality, morbidity and persistency. The Company has elected to lock-in claims expense assumptions at contract inception and those assumptions are not subsequently reviewed or updated. See Note 10 for further information of the effects of changes in assumptions on the remeasurement of the LFPB. Other long-duration contracts Reserves for other long-duration contracts primarily include interest-sensitive life and investment-type contract liabilities, which are carried at the accumulated contract holder values. Life and health short-duration contracts Reserves for life and health short-duration contracts have been established based upon information reported by ceding companies, supplemented by the Company’s actuarial estimates, which include mortality, morbidity, critical illness, and persistency with appropriate provision to reflect uncertainty. See Note 10 for further details. (c) Market Risk Benefits Market risk benefits (MRBs) are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contract holder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. MRBs include certain contract features that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders, such as guaranteed minimum death benefits (GMDB). MRBs can be in either an asset or a liability position, and are presented separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as the criteria for right of offset is not met. MRBs are measured at fair value using an option-based valuation model based on current net amounts at risk, market data, Company experience, and other factors. Consistent with a fair value income approach, all contractual cash flows specified within the GMDB treaties and expense cash flows that are consistent with the expected expense levels, are projected on a prospective basis. Risk neutral scenarios are used to project and discount cash flows. Changes in fair value related to MRBs are recognized as Market risk benefit gains (losses) except for the portion of the change in fair value due to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is recognized in Other comprehensive income or loss, both within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). MRBs are derecognized in the financial statements upon contract termination. At that point, the Company records any amounts (i.e. instrument-specific credit risk changes in MRBs) previously recorded in OCI into net income. See Note 11 for further details. (d) Deferred Acquisition Costs Deferred acquisition costs are comprised of primarily incremental brokerage fees, commissions and excise taxes, which vary directly with, and are related to, the successful acquisition of reinsurance contracts. All other acquisition related costs, including indirect costs, are expensed as incurred. Acquisition costs are shown net of commissions earned on ceded reinsurance. Deferred acquisitions costs related to non-life contracts are amortized as the related premium is earned. The Company establishes a premium deficiency reserve to the extent the deferred acquisition costs are insufficient to cover the excess of expected losses and loss expenses, settlement costs and deferred acquisition costs over the related unearned premiums. Actual and anticipated losses and loss expenses, other costs, and investment income related to underlying premiums are considered in determining the recoverability of these deferred acquisition costs. Deferred acquisition costs related to traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts are amortized over the expected term of the underlying contracts, on a constant level basis, at the cohort level. Acquisition costs related to unexpected contract terminations are written off. Assumptions used to amortize these acquisition costs are consistent with the related liability for future policy benefits. These acquisition costs are not evaluated for recoverability and are not subject to impairment testing. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs is included in Acquisition costs within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (e) Reinsurance The Company purchases retrocessional contracts to reduce its exposure to risk of losses on reinsurance assumed. Ceded premiums, which represent the cost of retrocessional protection purchased by the Company, are expensed over the coverage period. Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the portion of premiums ceded applicable to the unexpired term of policies in force. Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses involves actuarial estimates consistent with those used to establish the associated liabilities for non-life and life and health reserves and are recorded net of a valuation allowance for estimated uncollectible recoveries. Retroactive reinsurance reimburses a ceding company for liabilities incurred as a result of past insurable events covered under contracts subject to the reinsurance. Premiums payable for retroactive reinsurance coverage meeting the conditions of reinsurance accounting are reported as reinsurance recoverables. To the extent that recorded liabilities on an underlying reinsurance contract exceed premiums payable for retroactive coverage, a deferred gain is recognized in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over estimated remaining settlement period of the underlying contract. Any such amortization is included in Losses and loss expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (f) Funds Held by Reinsured Companies The Company writes certain business on a funds held basis. Under such contractual arrangements, the cedant retains the premiums that would have otherwise been paid to the Company and the Company is credited with investment income on these funds. The Company generally earns investment income on the funds held balances based upon a predetermined interest rate, either fixed contractually at the inception of the contract or based upon a recognized index (e.g. SOFR). However, in certain circumstances, the Company may receive an investment return based upon either the result of a pool of assets held by the cedant, generally used to collateralize the funds held balance, or the investment return earned by the cedant on its entire investment portfolio. In these arrangements, investment returns are typically reflected in Net investment income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. In these arrangements, the Company is exposed, to a limited extent, to the underlying credit risk of the pool of assets inasmuch as the underlying policies may have guaranteed minimum returns. In such cases, an embedded derivative exists and its fair value is recorded by the Company as an increase or decrease to the funds held balance. (g) Deposit Assets and Liabilities In the normal course of its operations, the Company writes certain contracts that do not meet the risk transfer provisions of U.S. GAAP. While these contracts do not meet risk transfer provisions for accounting purposes, there is a remote possibility that the Company will suffer a loss. The Company accounts for these contracts using the deposit accounting method originally recording deposit assets or liabilities for an amount equivalent to the consideration paid or received, respectively. The difference between the consideration received and the estimated liability for unpaid losses is determined upon entering into the contract and, if a loss, recognized into income immediately, and if a gain, the gain is deferred and earned over the expected settlement period of the contract, with the unearned portion recorded as a component of deposit liabilities. Actuarial studies are used to estimate the liabilities under these contracts and the appropriate accretion rates to increase or decrease the liabilities over the term of the contracts. The change in the estimated liability for the period is recorded in Other income or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Under some of these contracts, cedants retain the assets on a funds-held basis. In those cases, the Company records those assets as deposit assets and records the related income in Net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Also included in Deposit assets are receivables included as an element of certain life reinsurance agreements that do not meet risk transfer. (h) Investments The Company elects the fair value option for Fixed maturities, Short-term investments and Equities with changes in fair value recorded in Net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Short-term investments comprise securities with a maturity greater than three months but less than one year from the date of purchase. Investments in real estate includes real estate that is directly held by the Company, which is recorded at cost less any write down for impairment, where applicable. Real estate assets held for investment are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company recognizes Other invested assets at fair value, except for those that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Other invested assets consist of equity investments in non-publicly traded companies such as limited liability companies and limited partnerships (or similar structures); privately placed corporate loans, notes and loans receivable and notes securitization; and derivative financial instruments. Non-publicly traded entities in which the Company has significant influence, including an ownership of more than 20% and less than 50% of the voting rights, and limited partnerships (or similar structures) in which the Company has more than a minor interest (typically more than 3% to 5%), are accounted for using either the equity method or the fair value option. Where the equity method is used, the Company's share of profits or losses of the investee are recorded in Interest in earnings or losses of equity method investees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has not elected the fair value option for these equity method investees as the carrying values already approximate fair value. Where the fair value option is elected, the investment is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in Net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 2(o) below for significant accounting policy for derivatives. The Company defines fair value as the price received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company measures the fair value of financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between the hierarchy levels at the beginning of the period. Refer to Note 4 for the valuation techniques used by the Company. The Company invests in various funds where the net asset value (NAV) is used as a basis for determining fair value. The Company applies the practical expedient relating to investments in certain entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) and therefore measure the fair value of these fund investments based on that NAV per share, or its equivalent. Refer to Note 4 for the valuation methods and assumptions used by the Company. Net investment income includes interest and dividend income, amortization of premiums and discounts on fixed maturities and short-term investments, and is net of investment expenses and withholding taxes. Investment income is recognized when earned and accrued to the balance sheet date. Realized gains or losses on the disposal of investments are determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Investment purchases and sales are recorded on a trade-date basis. (i) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents are carried at fair value and include fixed income securities that, from the date of purchase, have a maturity of three months or less. (j) Business Combinations The Company accounts for transactions in which it obtains control over one or more businesses using the acquisition method. The purchase price is allocated to identifiable assets and liabilities, including any intangible assets, based on their estimated fair value at the acquisition date. The estimates of fair values for assets and liabilities acquired are determined based on various market and income analyses and appraisals. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as Goodwill in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, while any excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the purchase price is recorded as a gain in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. All costs associated with an acquisition are expensed as incurred. (k) Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. The Company assesses the appropriateness of its valuation of goodwill on an annual basis (as of December 31) or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If, as a result of the assessment, the Company determines that the value of its goodwill is impaired, goodwill will be written down in the period in which the determination is made. (l) Intangible Assets Intangible assets represent the fair value adjustments related to renewal rights, and customer relationships; value of life business acquired; and U.S. licenses arising from acquisitions. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives and the Amortization of intangible assets is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not subject to amortization. The carrying values of indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for indicators of impairment on an annual basis (as of December 31) or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. Impairment is recognized if the carrying values of the intangible assets are not recoverable from their undiscounted cash flows and is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value. (m) Income Taxes Certain subsidiaries and branches of the Company operate in jurisdictions where they are subject to taxation. Current and deferred income taxes are charged or credited to Net income or loss or, in certain cases, to Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable in the relevant jurisdiction in the period in which the tax becomes accruable or realizable. Deferred income taxes are provided for all temporary differences between the bases of assets and liabilities used in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and those used in the various jurisdictional tax returns. When management’s assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded against the deferred tax assets. Where appropriate, the valuation allowance assessment considers tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes a tax benefit relating to uncertain tax positions only where the position is more likely than not to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. A liability is recognized for any tax benefit (along with any interest and penalty, if applicable) claimed in a tax return in excess of the amount recognized in the financial statements under U.S. GAAP. Any changes in amounts recognized are recorded in the period in which they are determined. In the event that there is a change in current tax law, the impact of such change is recorded in Income tax expense or benefit within the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period of enactment. (n) Foreign Exchange In recording foreign currency transactions, revenue and expense items in a currency other than the functional currency are converted into the functional currency at the average rates of exchange for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities originating in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. The resulting foreign exchange transaction gains or losses are included in Net foreign exchange gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are not subsequently remeasured. The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The national currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries and branches are generally their functional currencies, except for the Company’s Bermuda subsidiaries, its branches in Switzerland and the United Kingdom and its Singapore subsidiary and branches, whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar. In translating the financial statements of those subsidiaries or branches whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are converted into U.S. dollars using the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates, and revenues and expenses are converted using the average foreign exchange rates for the period. The effect of translation adjustments are reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Currency translation adjustment, a separate component of Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The change in currency translation adjustment is reflected in Other comprehensive income or loss. (o) Derivatives The Company’s investment strategy allows for the use of certain derivative instruments, subject to strict limitations. The Company may use derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, futures contracts, to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities (TBAs), total return swaps, interest rate swaps, insurance-linked securities, and credit default swaps for the purpose of managing overall currency risk, market exposures and portfolio duration, for hedging certain investments, or for enhancing investment performance that would be allowed under the Company’s investment policy if implemented in other ways. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, management determines whether or not the derivative is to be used and designated as a hedge of an identified underlying risk exposure (a designated hedge). The Company’s derivative instruments are recorded in Other invested assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value, with gains and losses associated with changes in fair value recognized in either Net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses or Net foreign exchange gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, or in Other comprehensive income or loss, depending on the nature and designation of the derivative instrument (see also Note 6). The Company formally documents all relationships between designated hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. In this documentation, the Company specifically identifies the asset or liability that has been designated as a hedged item and states how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the risks related to the hedged item. The Company formally measures effectiveness of its designated hedging relationships both at the hedge inception and on an ongoing basis. The Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively if it is determined that the derivative is no longer effective in hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to the risk it was meant to hedge; if the derivative instrument expires, is sold, or is otherwise terminated; or if the Company removes the designation of the hedge. To the extent that the Company discontinues hedge accounting because, based on management’s assessment, the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, or the Company otherwise de-designates the hedge, the derivative will continue to be carried in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at its fair value, with changes in its fair value recognized in in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, or in Other comprehensive income or loss, depending on the type of derivative held. (p) Pensions The Company recognizes an asset or a liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the funded status of its defined benefit plans that are overfunded or underfunded, respectively, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the pension obligation and recognizes changes in the funded status of defined benefit plans in the year in which the changes occur as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax. (q) Variable Interest Entities The Company is involved in the normal course of business with variable interest entities (VIEs). An assessment is performed as of the date the Company becomes initially involved in the VIE followed by a reassessment upon certain events related to its involvement in the VIE. The Company consolidates a VIE when it is the primary beneficiary having a controlling financial interest as a result of having the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses, or right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to the VIE. (r) Segment Reporting The Company monitors the performance of its operations in three segments: Property & Casualty (P&C), Specialty and Life and Health. Segments represent markets that are reasonably homogeneous in terms of client types, buying patterns, underlying risk patterns or approach to risk management. Since the Company does not manage its assets by segment, neither assets nor net investment income are allocated to the P&C and Specialty segments. However, because of the long-duration profile of some of the Company’s life products, allocated net investment income is considered in management’s assessment of the profitability of the Life and Health segment. The following items are not considered in evaluating the results of the P&C, Specialty and Life and Health segments: Net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses, MRB gains or losses, Interest expense, Loss on redemption of debt, Amortization of intangible assets, Net foreign exchange gains or losses, Income tax expense or benefit and Interest in earnings and losses of equity method investments. These items are included in the Corporate and Other component, which is comprised of the Company’s investment and corporate activities, including other expenses. (s) Share-Based Incentives The Company is authorized to issue Class C common shares and restricted share units to certain executives and directors. Prior to the adoption of the Class C common shares and related restricted share unit plan in 2021, the Company was authorized to issue restricted Class B common shares. The compensation cost for grants of Class B and C common shares and restricted share units is measured at fair value and expensed over the period for which the employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, up to three years from the date of grant. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur. Class B and C common shares and restricted share units are accounted for as liabilities and included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 17 for further details. (t) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently adopted In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) issued an accounting standard update with the objective of making targeted improvements to the existing recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts issued by an insurance entity. The Company adopted FASB targeted improvements to the accounting for long-duration contracts (LDTI) on January 1, 2023. The updated guidance has changed how the Company accounts for its long-duration insurance contracts. Refer to Note 3 for the impact of adoption. In accordance with the transition guidance, prior period consolidated financial statements and disclosures presented herein have been adjusted to reflect LDTI. Not yet adopted Reference Rate Reform In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to modification of contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. Along with the optional expedients, the amendments include a general principle that permits an entity to consider contract modifications due to reference reform to be an event that does not require contract re-measurement at the modification date or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In 2022, the sunset date of this guidance was deferred to December 31, 2024, and the guidance may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. Fair Val

Adoption of Accounting Pronounc

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement	Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement The Company adopted the LDTI guidance on January 1, 2023 for its long-duration contracts, using the modified retrospective method for all topics except for market risk benefits, which was adopted using the full retrospective method, with a transition date of January 1, 2021 (Transition Date). The guidance changes how insurers account for long-duration contracts, including recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements. The impact of adoption on the Transition Date was a decrease to Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) of $125 million, net of tax, due to the update in the discount rate used to measure the liability for future policy benefits and changes in fair value of the Company's market risk benefits related to GMDB products attributable to changes in the instrument-specific credit risk. Retained earnings decreased by $161 million, net of tax, as of the Transition Date, resulting from valuation impacts to the liability for future policy benefits related to cohorts with a net premium ratio greater than 100% at the Transition Date, partially offset by a favorable movement from the fair value accounting for GMDB products. Before the adoption of the LDTI guidance, VOBA was amortized consistent with DAC. At transition, the Company has retained its legacy amortization method for VOBA which is based on projected premiums and not adopt a method that amortizes VOBA on a constant level basis that approximates straight-line amortization, as allowed under the guidance. The Company continues to assess VOBA for annual impairment. Refer to Note 2(l) for additional information on intangible assets. Impact of Adoption The table below presents the effect of transition adjustments on shareholders’ equity as of January 1, 2021 due to adoption of the LDTI guidance (in thousands of U.S. dollars): January 1, 2021 Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total Life and health reserves (1) $ (171,047) $ (84,001) $ (255,048) Market risk benefits (1) 8,095 (63,474) (55,379) Tax impact of related LDTI adjustments 2,312 22,855 25,167 Total decrease to shareholders' equity $ (160,640) $ (124,620) $ (285,260) (1) GMDB reserves of $22 million were included within Life and health reserves on the Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to adoption of LDTI, and were subsequently reclassified to Market risk benefit assets and liabilities upon adoption of the new guidance. The table below summarizes the balance of and changes in the traditional and limited payment long-duration life and health reserves on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of the LDTI guidance (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Long-term Protection Longevity Balance, beginning of year, January 1, 2021 pre-adoption $ 1,243,251 $ 345,306 Change in discount rate assumptions 53,027 30,300 Change in cash flow assumptions and effect of net premiums exceeding gross premiums 178,110 (5,631) Adjusted balance, beginning of year, January 1, 2021 $ 1,474,388 $ 369,975 Less: Reinsurance recoverable (28,190) (6,222) Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance $ 1,446,198 $ 363,753 The table below summarizes the balance of and changes in the net liability position of market risk benefits on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of the LDTI guidance (in thousands of U.S. dollars): MRB, net liability position Balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021 pre-adoption (1) $ (22,211) Adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value, except for the difference due to instrument-specific credit risk 8,095 Adjustment for the cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk since issuance (63,474) Balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021 $ (77,590) (1) GMDB reserves were included within Life and health reserves on the Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to adoption of LDTI, and were subsequently reclassified to Market risk benefit assets and liabilities upon adoption of the new guidance. The following is a reconciliation of market risk benefit assets (liabilities) to the Consolidated Balance Sheet at January 1, 2021 (in thousands of US dollars): GMDB Market risk benefit assets at fair value $ 153,070 Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value (230,660) Market risk benefits, net, January 1, 2021 $ (77,590) The impact of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet effective as of January 1, 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Pre-adoption, January 1, 2021 LDTI Impact Post-adoption, January 1, 2021 Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses $ 901,063 $ 757 $ 901,820 Market risk benefit assets, at fair value — 153,070 153,070 Net tax assets 182,077 492 182,569 Total assets $ 26,898,575 $ 154,319 $ 27,052,894 Life and health reserves $ 2,704,229 $ 233,594 $ 2,937,823 Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value — 230,660 230,660 Net tax liabilities 131,621 (24,675) 106,946 Total liabilities 19,571,578 439,579 20,011,157 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (96,005) (124,620) (220,625) Retained earnings 5,062,948 (160,640) 4,902,308 Total shareholders’ equity 7,326,997 (285,260) 7,041,737 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 26,898,575 $ 154,319 $ 27,052,894 Impact to Previously Reported Amounts The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): As of December 31, 2022 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses $ 1,959,652 $ (11,866) $ 1,947,786 Deferred acquisition costs 1,012,850 (783) 1,012,067 Market risk benefit assets — 131,186 131,186 Net tax assets 164,384 (3,750) 160,634 Total assets $ 27,272,413 $ 114,787 $ 27,387,200 Life and health reserves $ 2,510,293 $ (12,774) $ 2,497,519 Market risk benefit liabilities — 9,170 9,170 Net tax liabilities 29,154 9,422 38,576 Total liabilities 20,984,063 5,818 20,989,881 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (7,669) 78,548 70,879 Retained earnings 4,358,085 30,421 4,388,506 Total shareholders’ equity 6,288,350 108,969 6,397,319 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 27,272,413 $ 114,787 $ 27,387,200 The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Expenses Losses and loss expenses $ 4,747,403 $ (21,531) $ 4,725,872 Market risk benefit gains — (121,211) (121,211) Acquisition costs 1,540,681 (3,468) 1,537,213 Net foreign exchange losses 29,402 (14,628) 14,774 Total expenses 6,796,459 (160,838) 6,635,621 (Loss) income before taxes and interest in earnings of equity method investments (1,069,516) 160,838 (908,678) Income tax expense (31,334) (10,561) (41,895) Net (loss) income (1,090,029) 150,277 (939,752) Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholder $ (1,099,779) $ 150,277 $ (949,502) Comprehensive (loss) income Net (loss) income $ (1,090,029) $ 150,277 $ (939,752) Change in currency translation adjustment 9,464 (3,794) 5,670 Changes in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax — 99,250 99,250 Changes in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax — 49,794 49,794 Comprehensive (loss) income $ (1,067,992) $ 295,527 $ (772,465) For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Expenses Losses and loss expenses $ 4,883,984 $ (32,944) $ 4,851,040 Market risk benefit gains — (19,873) (19,873) Acquisition costs 1,386,832 4,670 1,391,502 Net foreign exchange losses 30,883 5,615 36,498 Total expenses 6,764,708 (42,532) 6,722,176 Income before taxes and interest in earnings of equity method investments 634,828 42,532 677,360 Income tax expense (38,219) (1,748) (39,967) Net income 723,404 40,784 764,188 Net income attributable to common shareholder $ 679,477 $ 40,784 $ 720,261 Comprehensive income Net income $ 723,404 $ 40,784 $ 764,188 Change in currency translation adjustment 43,120 1,040 44,160 Changes in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax — 53,053 53,053 Changes in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax — 3,825 3,825 Comprehensive income $ 789,703 $ 98,702 $ 888,405 The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ (1,090,029) $ 150,277 $ (939,752) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Market risk benefit gains — (121,211) (121,211) Changes in: Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable (325,409) 28,239 (297,170) Deferred acquisition costs (131,236) (3,468) (134,704) Net tax assets and liabilities (72,452) 10,561 (61,891) Non-life and life and health reserves 1,009,439 (49,770) 959,669 Other net changes in operating assets and liabilities 63,433 (14,628) 48,805 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,468,409 $ — $ 1,468,409 For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 723,404 $ 40,784 $ 764,188 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Market risk benefit gains — (19,873) (19,873) Changes in: Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable (637,908) (2,706) (640,614) Deferred acquisition costs (122,739) 4,670 (118,069) Net tax assets and liabilities 3,256 1,748 5,004 Non-life and life and health reserves 903,324 (30,239) 873,085 Other net changes in operating assets and liabilities 23,801 5,616 29,417 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,232,590 $ — $ 1,232,590

Fair Value

Fair Value	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value	Fair Value (a) Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The level in the hierarchy within which a given fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement. The Company determines the appropriate level in the hierarchy for each asset and liability that it measures at fair value. In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches, including market, income and cost approaches. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows: • Level 1 inputs—Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. The Company’s assets and liabilities that it measures at fair value using Level 1 inputs generally include equities listed on a major exchange. • Level 2 inputs—Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets and significant directly or indirectly observable inputs, other than quoted prices, used in industry accepted models. The Company’s assets and liabilities that it measures at fair value using Level 2 inputs generally include: U.S. government issued bonds; U.S. government sponsored enterprises bonds; certain U.S. state, territory and municipal entities bonds; non-U.S. sovereign government, supranational and government related bonds; investment grade and high yield corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and certain asset-backed securities; short-term investments; certain preferred equities; certain privately placed corporate loans; and certain derivative assets and liabilities. • Level 3 inputs—Unobservable inputs. The Company’s assets and liabilities that it measures at fair value using Level 3 inputs generally include: inactively traded fixed maturities including U.S. state, territory and municipal bonds; special purpose financing asset-backed bonds; certain short-term investments; unlisted equity securities; certain privately placed corporate loans, notes and loans receivable and notes securitizations; certain real estate company investments; certain fund investments included in Other invested assets; certain other derivatives, including weather derivatives, longevity insurance-linked securities, options and warrants, and total return swaps included in Other invested assets; and market risk benefit assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value were classified between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 Quoted prices in Significant Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient Total Assets (liabilities) Fixed maturities U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises $ — $ 1,736,952 $ — $ — $ 1,736,952 U.S. states, territories and municipalities — 8,850 42,792 — 51,642 Non-U.S. sovereign government, supranational and government related — 1,780,318 — — 1,780,318 Corporate bonds — 6,777,767 — — 6,777,767 Asset-backed securities — — 15,022 — 15,022 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 4,728,355 — — 4,728,355 Fixed maturities $ — $ 15,032,242 $ 57,814 $ — $ 15,090,056 Short-term investments $ — $ 1,020,257 $ — $ — $ 1,020,257 Equities Real estate $ 39,015 $ — $ 2,844 $ — $ 41,859 Diversified — — 15,823 — 15,823 Consumer non-cyclical 653 — 8,574 — 9,227 Consumer cyclical 3,095 — 28 — 3,123 Energy 2 — 1,698 — 1,700 Insurance — 140 — — 140 Finance — — 125 — 125 Industrials 4 — 6 — 10 Fund investments — — — 845,163 845,163 Equities $ 42,769 $ 140 $ 29,098 $ 845,163 $ 917,170 Other invested assets Derivative assets Foreign exchange forward contracts — 31,565 — — 31,565 Insurance-linked securities — — 7,235 — 7,235 Options and warrants — — 4,390 — 4,390 Other Corporate loans (1) — 1,141,657 231,189 — 1,372,846 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization — — 1,664 — 1,664 Real estate company investment — — 471,156 — 471,156 Fund investments — — 43,198 1,347,876 1,391,074 Derivative liabilities Foreign exchange forward contracts — (27,669) — — (27,669) Interest rate swaps — (849) — — (849) Other invested assets $ — $ 1,144,704 $ 758,832 $ 1,347,876 $ 3,251,412 Total investments measured at fair value $ 42,769 $ 17,197,343 $ 845,744 $ 2,193,039 $ 20,278,895 Market risk benefits, net (3) $ — $ — $ 139,574 $ — $ 139,574 Net assets measured at fair value $ 42,769 $ 17,197,343 $ 985,318 $ 2,193,039 $ 20,418,469 (1) Corporate loans includes a portfolio of third-party, individually managed privately issued corporate loans that are managed under externally managed mandates with a fair value of $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The mandates primarily invest in U.S. floating rate, first lien, senior secured broadly syndicated loans with a focus on facility sizes greater than $300 million. Corporate loans also includes $0.3 billion and $0.3 billion of other privately issued corporate loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (2) The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for investments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs are presented in the succeeding tables. (3) Refer to Note 11 for details on the changes in the MRBs measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. December 31, 2022 Quoted prices in Significant Significant Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient Total Assets (liabilities) Fixed maturities U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises $ — $ 1,797,934 $ — $ — $ 1,797,934 U.S. states, territories and municipalities — 10,126 48,747 — 58,873 Non-U.S. sovereign government, supranational and government related — 1,654,532 — — 1,654,532 Corporate bonds — 5,759,149 — — 5,759,149 Asset-backed securities — 12,434 15,930 — 28,364 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 3,723,062 — — 3,723,062 Fixed maturities $ — $ 12,957,237 $ 64,677 $ — $ 13,021,914 Short-term investments $ — $ 516,603 $ 6,907 $ — $ 523,510 Equities Real estate $ 61,754 $ — $ 1,814 $ — $ 63,568 Consumer non-cyclical — — 10,081 — 10,081 Diversified — — 9,667 — 9,667 Consumer cyclical 4,449 — 28 — 4,477 Energy 3 — 1,514 — 1,517 Finance — — 120 — 120 Industrials 20 — 76 — 96 Insurance — 42 — — 42 Fund investments — — — 840,318 840,318 Equities $ 66,226 $ 42 $ 23,300 $ 840,318 $ 929,886 Other invested assets Derivative assets Foreign exchange forward contracts $ — $ 13,705 $ — $ — $ 13,705 Interest rate swaps — 258 — — 258 Insurance-linked securities — — 6,657 — 6,657 Options and warrants — — 8,691 — 8,691 TBAs — 578 — — 578 Other Corporate loans — 1,015,529 287,278 — 1,302,807 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization — — 3,166 — 3,166 Real estate company investment — — 491,602 — 491,602 Fund investments — — 36,274 1,271,612 1,307,886 Derivative liabilities Foreign exchange forward contracts — (17,336) — — (17,336) Interest rate swaps — (153) — — (153) Other invested assets $ — $ 1,012,581 $ 833,668 $ 1,271,612 $ 3,117,861 Total investments measured at fair value $ 66,226 $ 14,486,463 $ 928,552 $ 2,111,930 $ 17,593,171 Market risk benefits, net $ — $ — $ 122,016 $ — $ 122,016 Net assets measured at fair value $ 66,226 $ 14,486,463 $ 1,050,568 $ 2,111,930 $ 17,715,187 Other invested assets included in the fair value tables above at December 31, 2023 and 2022, exclude investments that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting of $213 million and $237 million, respectively (see Note 5(f) for further details). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of accrued investment income approximated fair value due to its short-term nature. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair values of financial instrument assets recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets not described above approximate their carrying values. The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for investments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): For the year ended December 31, 2023 Balance at (Losses) gains Purchases Settlements and (1) Net transfers out of Level 3 Balance Change in Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 48,747 $ (340) $ — $ (5,615) $ — $ 42,792 $ (1,730) Asset-backed securities 15,930 — — (908) — 15,022 — Fixed maturities $ 64,677 $ (340) $ — $ (6,523) $ — $ 57,814 $ (1,730) Short-term investments $ 6,907 $ — $ — $ (6,907) $ — $ — $ — Equities Energy $ 1,514 $ 184 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,698 $ 184 Consumer non-cyclical 10,081 (1,507) — — — 8,574 (1,507) Real estate 1,814 1,030 — — — 2,844 1,030 Consumer cyclical 28 — — — — 28 — Finance 120 5 — — — 125 5 Industrials 76 (41) — (29) — 6 (41) Diversified 9,667 323 5,835 (2) — 15,823 321 Equities $ 23,300 $ (6) $ 5,835 $ (31) $ — $ 29,098 $ (8) Other invested assets Derivatives, net $ 15,348 $ 577 $ — $ (4,300) $ — $ 11,625 $ — Corporate loans 287,278 9,546 2,630 (24,843) (43,422) 231,189 7,792 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization 3,166 90 — (1,592) — 1,664 49 Fund investments 36,274 8,257 — (1,333) — 43,198 8,257 Real estate company investment 491,602 (20,446) — — — 471,156 (20,446) Other invested assets $ 833,668 $ (1,976) $ 2,630 $ (32,068) $ (43,422) $ 758,832 $ (4,348) Total $ 928,552 $ (2,322) $ 8,465 $ (45,529) $ (43,422) $ 845,744 $ (6,086) (1) Included sales of Fixed maturities and Other invested assets of $6 million and $30 million, respectively. Sales of Fixed maturities were comprised of U.S. states, territories and municipalities. Sales of Other invested assets included sales of corporate loans of $25 million, sales of derivatives of $4 million, and sales of notes and loans receivable and notes securitization of $1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022 Balance at (Losses) gains Purchases Settlements and sales (1) Net transfers into Level 3 Balance Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 95,181 $ (13,862) $ — $ (32,572) $ — $ 48,747 $ (14,108) Asset-backed securities 16,764 — — (834) — 15,930 — Fixed maturities $ 111,945 $ (13,862) $ — $ (33,406) $ — $ 64,677 $ (14,108) Short-term investments $ — $ — $ 6,907 $ — $ — $ 6,907 $ — Equities Energy $ 2,368 $ (854) $ — $ — $ — $ 1,514 $ (854) Consumer non-cyclical 10,081 — — — — 10,081 — Real estate 2,097 (283) — — — 1,814 (283) Consumer cyclical 1,394 (1,366) — — — 28 (1,366) Finance 128 (8) — — — 120 (8) Industrials 220 13 — (157) — 76 (53) Diversified 7,468 (223) 2,759 (337) — 9,667 (344) Equities $ 23,756 $ (2,721) $ 2,759 $ (494) $ — $ 23,300 $ (2,908) Other invested assets Derivatives, net $ 7,796 $ 1,929 $ 5,631 $ (8) $ — $ 15,348 $ 996 Corporate loans 287,527 1,443 34,543 (42,589) 6,354 287,278 2,166 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization 6,575 (594) — (2,815) — 3,166 2,301 Fund investments 11,739 92 30,286 (5,843) — 36,274 322 Real estate company investment 560,687 (69,085) — — — 491,602 (69,085) Other invested assets $ 874,324 $ (66,215) $ 70,460 $ (51,255) $ 6,354 $ 833,668 $ (63,300) Total $ 1,010,025 $ (82,798) $ 80,126 $ (85,155) $ 6,354 $ 928,552 $ (80,316) (1) Included sales of Fixed maturities and Other invested assets of $32 million and $36 million, respectively. Sales of Fixed maturities were comprised of U.S. states, territories and municipalities. Sales of Other invested assets included sales of corporate loans of $33 million and sales of notes and loans receivable and notes securitization of $3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, fifteen corporate loans valued at $43 million were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 due to the availability of quoted prices for similar securities in active markets. During the year ended December 31, 2022, five corporate loans valued at $15 million were transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 due to the unavailability of quoted prices for similar securities in active markets, and five corporate loans valued at $9 million were transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 due to the availability of quoted prices for similar securities in active markets. The significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (fair value in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 Fair value Valuation techniques Unobservable inputs Range (Weighted average (1) ) Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 42,792 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.5% – 2.7% (2.6%) Other invested assets Insurance-linked securities – longevity swaps 7,235 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 6.0% (6.0%) Fund investments 4,529 Discounted cash flow Effective yield 0.7% (0.7%) Real estate company investment 471,156 Income capitalization Estimated rental value (per sq ft) $96 – $102 ($100) Net initial yield 3.6% – 5.4% (4.8%) Reversionary yield 5.0% – 6.4% (5.7%) Comparable method Sale value (per sq ft) $3,072 – $5,848 ($5,171) Market risk benefits, net 139,574 Option pricing techniques Mortality rates 0.02% – 100.0% (0.5%) Lapse rates 3.1% – 25.0% (5.0%) Equity implied long-term volatility 18.9% - 28.7% (22.5%) Swaption implied long-term volatility 54.6% - 77.7% (76.5%) December 31, 2022 Fair value Valuation techniques Unobservable inputs Range (Weighted average (1) ) Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 48,747 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.7% – 3.6% (3.4%) Short-term investments 6,907 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.5% (2.5%) Other invested assets Insurance-linked securities - longevity swaps 6,657 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 5.7% (5.7%) Fund investments 6,008 Discounted cash flow Effective yield 0.6% (0.6%) Note securitization 188 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.5% (2.5%) Real estate company investment 491,602 Income capitalization Estimated rental value (per sq ft) $84 – $90 ($87) Net initial yield 2.2% – 4.6% (3.9%) Reversionary yield 4.6% – 5.3% (4.9%) Comparable method Sale value (per sq ft) $1,617 – $5,459 ($4,836) Market risk benefits, net 122,016 Option pricing techniques Mortality rates 0.02% – 100.0% (0.5%) Lapse rates 3.2% – 25.7% (8.5%) Equity implied long-term volatility 21.6% - 29.7% (24.6%) Swaption implied long-term volatility 60.0% - 85.5% (82.8%) (1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value. The tables above do not include assets and liabilities that are measured using unobservable inputs (Level 3) where the unobservable inputs were obtained from external sources and used without adjustment. These include asset-backed securities (included in Fixed maturities); equities (included within Equities), certain notes and loans receivables and certain fund investments (included within Other invested assets), certain privately placed corporate loans (included within Other invested assets) and certain derivatives. Changes in the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities subject to the fair value option during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Fixed maturities and short-term investments $ 390,712 $ (1,807,048) $ (558,466) Equities 43,420 (505,072) 198,780 Other invested assets (29,064) (136,580) 184,209 Total included in net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 405,068 $ (2,448,700) $ (175,477) The change in the fair value of Other invested assets subject to the fair value option does not include certain derivatives. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of each class of assets and liabilities recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There have been no material changes in the Company’s valuation techniques during the periods presented. Fixed maturities • U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises —consists primarily of bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and debt securities issued by government sponsored enterprises and federally owned or established corporations. These securities are generally priced by independent pricing services. The independent pricing services may use actual transaction prices for securities that have been actively traded. For securities that have not been actively traded, each pricing source has its own proprietary method to determine the fair value, which may incorporate option adjusted spreads (OAS), interest rate data and market news. The Company generally classifies these securities in Level 2. • U.S. states, territories and municipalities —consists primarily of bonds issued by U.S. states, territories and municipalities and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Certain of the bonds that are issued by municipal housing authorities and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation are not actively traded and are priced based on internal models using unobservable inputs (credit spreads). Accordingly, the Company classifies these securities in Level 3. A significant increase (decrease) in credit spreads in isolation could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The remaining securities are generally priced by independent pricing services using the techniques described for U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises above. The Company generally classifies these securities in Level 2. • Non-U.S. sovereign government, supranational and government related —consists primarily of bonds issued by non-U.S. national governments and their agencies, non-U.S. regional governments and supranational organizations. These securities are generally priced by independent pricing services using the techniques described for U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises above. The Company generally classifies these securities in Level 2. • Corporate —consists primarily of bonds issued by U.S. and foreign corporations covering a variety of industries and issuing countries. Corporate securities also include real estate investment trusts, catastrophe bonds, longevity and mortality bonds and government guaranteed corporate debt. These securities are generally priced by independent pricing services and brokers. The pricing provider incorporates information including credit spreads, interest rate data and market news into the valuation of each security. The Company generally classifies these securities in Level 2. When a corporate security is inactively traded or the valuation model uses unobservable inputs, the Company classifies the security in Level 3. • Asset-backed securities —consists of special purpose financing securities. With the exception of special purpose financing, these asset-backed securities are generally priced by independent pricing services and brokers. The pricing provider applies dealer quotes and other available trade information, prepayment speeds, yield curves and credit spreads to the valuation. The Company generally classifies these securities in Level 2. Special purpose financing securities are generally inactively traded and are priced based on valuation models using unobservable inputs (credit spreads). The Company generally classifies these securities in Level 3. A significant increase (decrease) in credit spreads in isolation could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. • Residential mortgage-backed securities —primarily consists of bonds issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, as well as private, non-agency issuers. These residential mortgage-backed securities are generally priced by independent pricing services and brokers. When current market trades are not available, the pricing provider or the Company will employ proprietary models with observable inputs including other trade information, prepayment speeds, yield curves and credit spreads. The Company generally classifies these securities in Level 2. In general, the methods employed by the independent pricing services to determine the fair value of the securities that have not been actively traded primarily involve the use of “matrix pricing” in which the independent pricing source applies the credit spread for a comparable security that has traded recently to the current yield curve to determine a reasonable fair value. The Company generally uses one pricing source per security and uses a pricing service ranking to consistently select the most appropriate pricing service in instances where it receives multiple quotes on the same security. When fair values are unavailable from these independent pricing sources, quotes are obtained directly from broker-dealers who are active in the corresponding markets. Most of the Company’s fixed maturities are priced from the pricing services or dealer quotes. The Company will typically not make adjustments to prices received from pricing services or dealer quotes; however, in instances where the quoted external price for a security uses significant unobservable inputs, the Company will classify that security as Level 3. The methods used to develop and substantiate the unobservable inputs used are based on the Company’s valuation policy and are dependent upon the facts and circumstances surrounding the individual investments which are generally transaction specific. The Company’s inactively traded fixed maturities are classified as Level 3. For all fixed maturity investments, the bid price is used for estimating fair value. Short-term investments Short-term investments are valued in a manner similar to the Company’s fixed maturity investments and are generally classified in Level 2 or 3 depending on the inputs used in the valuation of the asset. Equities Equity securities include U.S. and foreign common and preferred stocks, real estate investment trusts and certain fund investments. Publicly traded equities are generally classified in Level 1 as the Company uses prices received from independent pricing sources based on quoted prices in active markets. Equities classified as Level 2 are preferred equities. Equities classified as Level 3 are generally inactively traded common stocks. For these investments, the Company utilizes prices from third-party sources without adjustment. Fund investments are valued using net asset valuations as a practical expedient as discussed in further detail below. Other invested assets The Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps, TBAs and certain privately placed corporate loans are generally classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and are priced by independent pricing services. Included in the Company’s Level 3 classification, in general, are certain derivatives, such as weather derivative insurance-linked securities; certain privately placed corporate loans; notes and loans receivable and note securitizations; certain fund investments; and a real estate company investment. For Level 3 instruments, the Company will generally (i) receive a price based on a manager’s or trustee’s valuation for the asset; (ii) develop an internal discounted cash flow model to measure fair value; (iii) use market return information, adjusted if necessary and weighted using management’s judgment, from comparable selected publicly traded equity funds in a similar region and of a similar size, or (iv) receive the valuation information and techniques used by real estate company investments. Where the Company receives prices from the manager or trustee, these prices are based on the manager’s or trustee’s estimate of fair value for the assets and are generally audited on an annual basis. Where the Company develops its own discounted cash flow models, the inputs will be specific to the asset in question, based on appropriate historical information, adjusted as necessary, and using appropriate discount rates. When the Company utilizes significant unobservable inputs including market return information, information is weighted using managements' judgement, obtained from comparable selected publicly traded companies in the same industry, in a similar region and of similar size and effective yields. Significant increases (decreases) in these inputs in isolation could result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement for an asset. When the Company uses the valuation information and techniques used by real estate company investments, it independently evaluates the valuation techniques being utilized by the entity to ensure techniques are consistent with U.S. GAAP. Valuation techniques include the income capitalization technique or the comparable method and are based on the properties' highest and best use, with typical market based assumptions, such as estimated rental values, net initial yield, reversionary yield and sales values. A significant increase (decrease) in estimated rental values, reversionary yield and/or sales values could result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement for an asset, while a significant increase (decrease) in net initial yield could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement for an asset. Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Other invested assets classified as Level 3 also include credit spreads. Significant increases (decreases) in this input in isolation could result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Fund investments included in Other invested assets are generally valued using net asset valuations as a practical expedient as discussed in further detail below. As part of the Company’s modeling to determine the fair value of an investment, other than for those measured using net asset valuations as a practical expedient, the Company also uses credit risk as an input to models, however, the majority of the Company’s counterparties are investment grade rated institutions and the failure of any one counterparty would not have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Market risk benefit assets and liabilities MRBs are classified as Level 3 fair value measurements as the fair value is measured using an option-based valuation model based on certain unobservable inputs. The most significant unobservable inputs underlying the valuation of MRBs includes long-term implied volatility, mortality rates and lapse rates. Unobservable inputs for mortality rates are base mortality and mortality improvements assumptions. Base mortality assumptions differ by treaty and are derived from experience. Improvement mortality assumptions are based on the CMI Mortality Projections Model which is a publicly available tool from the UK Institute and Faculty of Actuaries. The net MRB asset increases as base mortality decreases and improvement mortality increases. Unobservable inputs for lapse rates refer to the assumptions reflecting the ability of the policyholders to actively manage their savings by withdrawing deposits on an in-force contract, either fully or partially. These assumptions are defined at treaty, age and policy duration level. These rates are derived from treaty experience of the policyholders' behaviors and updated on an annual basis. Increases in lapse rates will have a volume effect on the net MRB reserve, generally reducing the net asset (increasing the net liability). Unobservable inputs for equity long-term implied volatilities refer to the value towards which the equity implied volatilities converge beyond the last liquid point. An increase in long-term equity implied volatility means higher long-term projected equity risk and a higher probability of triggering the guaranteed minimum death benefit. This will generally lead to a decrease of the net MRB asset. Unobservable inputs for swaption long-term implied volatilities refer to the value towards which the swaption implied volatilities converge beyond the last liquid point. An increase in long-term swaption implied volatility means higher long-term projected interest rates risk and a higher probability of triggering the guaranteed minimum death benefit. This will generally lead to a decrease of the net MRB asset. Measuring the Fair Value of Investments Using Net Asset Valuations as the Practical Expedient The table below reflects the Company's portfolio of investments measured using net asset valuations as the practical expedient at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands of US dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Value (1) Remaining Unfunded Commitment Carrying Value (1) Remaining Unfunded Commitment Redemption Frequency Redemption Notice Period Public equity funds $ 648,080 $ — $ 629,125 $ — See below See below Private equity funds 452,387 106,060 389,736 150,458 See below See below Private credit funds 430,788 228,451 404,065 67,815 See below See below Multi-strategy funds 661,784 110,396 689,004 147,409 See below See below Total fund investments $ 2,193,039 $ 444,907 $ 2,111,930 $ 365,682 (1) The table above only reflects the Company's investments valued at fair value based on the NAV practical expedient, which includes fund investments of $845 million included in Equities and $1,348 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2023 and fund investments of $840 million included in Equities and $1,272 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2022. Investment Strategies and redemption terms and conditions of the various funds included in the above table are as follows: Public Equity Funds — The Company's investments in public equity funds include long/short funds and also funds invested in geographically diverse regions such as Asia, seeking higher risk-adjusted returns, that primarily invest in public equities. The Company generally has the right to redeem these funds during a quarterly redemption period with 30 - 60 days' prior notice, some of which are subject to redemption thresholds and redemption fees. During 2022, the Company agreed it would not sell certain investments for a three year period. The carrying value of these investments amount to $575 million and $422 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Private Equity Funds — The Company's investments in private equity funds include limited partnerships or similar interests that invest in private equity assets. The Company generally has no right to redeem its interest in any of these private equity funds in advance of dissolution of the applicable limited partnerships. Instead, distributions are received by the Company in connection with the exit from the underlying private equity investments of the fund. It is estimated that the majority of the underlying assets of the limited partnerships would liquidate over 5 to 10 years from inception of the limited partnership. Private Credit Funds — The Company's investments in private credit funds include funds and limited partnerships or similar interests that invest in private credit instruments, including senior secured bank loan funds, secondaries, and mezzanine investments. The Company generally has no right to redeem its interest in any of these private credit funds in advance of dissolution of the applicable limited partnerships. Instead, distributions are received by the Company in connection with the liquidation or maturity of the underlying private credit assets of the fund. It is estimated that the majority of the underlying assets of the limited partnerships would liquidate over 5 to 10 years from inception of the limited partnership. Multi-Strategy Funds — The Company's investments in multi-strategy funds include limited partnerships or similar interests that invest across diverse asset classes, including equities, bonds, credit markets, and real estate. For one multi-strategy fund with a carrying value of $235 million and $314 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, the Company does have quarterly redemption rights subject to a 60 day notice period, gate policy and 36 month lock-up period which e

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments [Abstract]
Investments	Investments (a) Net Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) The components of the net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Net realized investment (losses) gains on fixed maturities and short-term investments $ (4,041) $ 859 $ 19,893 Net realized investment gains on equities 121,378 461,041 78,501 Net realized investment (losses) gains on other invested assets (6,188) 9,781 103,011 Net realized investment gains $ 111,149 $ 471,681 $ 201,405 Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturities and short-term investments $ 390,712 $ (1,807,048) $ (558,466) Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) on equities 43,420 (505,072) 198,780 Change in net unrealized investment (losses) gains on other invested assets (20,975) (123,694) 196,926 Net other realized and unrealized investment losses (1,761) (2,672) (848) Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 411,396 $ (2,438,486) $ (163,608) Impairment loss on investments in real estate $ (5,119) $ (2,209) $ — Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 517,426 $ (1,969,014) $ 37,797 (b) Net Investment Income The components of net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Fixed maturities $ 424,205 $ 310,152 $ 301,391 Short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents 75,467 17,477 4,860 Other invested assets 176,065 99,375 90,442 Equities 19,693 11,118 12,686 Funds held and other (1) 6,950 10,801 17,871 Investment expenses (56,695) (50,575) (50,781) Net investment income $ 645,685 $ 398,348 $ 376,469 (1) The Company generally earns investment income on funds held by reinsured companies based upon a predetermined interest rate, either fixed contractually at the inception of the contract or based upon a recognized index. Interest rates ranged from 0.2% to 10.5%, 0.1% to 10.9% and 0.1% to 7.3% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. (c) Pledged and Restricted Assets At December 31, 2023 and 2022, approximately $98 million and $138 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $6,341 million and $5,258 million, respectively, of securities were deposited, pledged or held in escrow accounts in favor of ceding companies, intercompany agreements, and other counterparties or government authorities to comply with reinsurance contract provisions and insurance laws. (d) Receivables for Securities Sold and Payables for Securities Purchased At December 31, 2023 and 2022, receivables for securities sold of $187 million and $52 million, respectively, were recorded within Other assets. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, payables for securities purchased of $221 million and $149 million, respectively, were recorded within Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. (e) Variable Interest Entities The Company holds variable interests in VIEs including certain limited liability companies or partnerships, trusts, fixed maturity investments and asset-backed securities. The holdings in these VIEs are reported within Fixed maturities and Other invested assets in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s involvement in these entities is, for the most part, passive in nature. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to these investments is limited to the amounts invested in and advanced to the VIEs and any unfunded commitments (see Note 19(c)). As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have material consolidated VIEs. (f) Other Invested Assets At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had carrying values of $1,883 million and $1,856 million respectively, of investments that were either accounted for under the equity method of accounting or would have been accounted for under the equity method if the Company had not chosen to apply the fair value option. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company held a 36% shareholding in the privately held United Kingdom real estate investment and development group, Almacantar Group Limited (Almacantar). The total carrying value of this investment was $471 million and $492 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This investment is accounted for under the fair value option and included within Other invested assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Derivatives

Derivatives	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivatives	Derivatives The Company’s objectives for holding or issuing derivatives are as follows: Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts —The Company utilizes foreign exchange forward contracts as part of its overall currency risk management and investment strategies. Insurance-linked Securities —The Company enters into various derivatives for which the underlying risks reference parametric weather risks, pandemic outbreaks and mortality, in addition to longevity total return swaps for which the underlying risks reference longevity risks. Total Return and Interest Rate Swaps —The Company enters into total return swaps referencing certain investments in Other invested assets. The Company enters into interest rate swaps to mitigate the interest rate risk on certain of the total return swaps and certain fixed maturity investments. To-Be-Announced Mortgage-Backed Securities (TBAs), Options and Warrants —The Company utilizes TBAs, options and warrants as part of its overall investment strategy and to enhance investment performance. There were no derivatives designated as hedges for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The net fair values of derivatives included in Other invested assets within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related net notional exposures at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Asset Liability Net derivatives December 31, 2023 Fair value Net notional Derivatives not designated as hedges Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 31,565 $ (27,669) $ 3,896 $ 4,205,417 Insurance-linked securities (1) 7,235 — 7,235 9,700 Interest rate swaps (2) — (849) (849) — Options and warrants 4,390 — 4,390 8,898 Total derivatives not designated as hedges $ 43,190 $ (28,518) $ 14,672 Asset Liability Net derivatives December 31, 2022 Fair value Net notional Derivatives not designated as hedges Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 13,705 $ (17,336) $ (3,631) $ 4,277,894 Insurance-linked securities (1) 6,657 — 6,657 16,937 Interest rate swaps (2) 258 (153) 105 — TBAs 578 — 578 — Options and warrants 8,691 — 8,691 8,815 Total derivatives not designated as hedges $ 29,889 $ (17,489) $ 12,400 (1) Insurance-linked securities include longevity swaps for which the notional amounts are not reflective of the overall potential exposure of the swaps. The net notional exposure above includes the Company's best estimate of the present value of future expected claims. (2) The Company enters into interest rate swaps to mitigate notional exposures on certain total return swaps and certain fixed maturities. The net notional exposure for interest rate swaps above relates to fixed maturities. The gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivatives not designated as hedges for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange forward contracts $ (38,858) $ (34,902) $ (16,788) Total included in Net foreign exchange losses $ (38,858) $ (34,902) $ (16,788) Insurance-linked securities $ (1,754) $ 2,049 $ 4,807 Total return swaps (5) 934 1,430 Interest rate swaps (951) 10,594 7,020 TBAs 448 (23) (56) Other — — (298) Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains $ (2,262) $ 13,554 $ 12,903 Total derivatives not designated as hedges $ (41,120) $ (21,348) $ (3,885) Offsetting of Derivatives The gross and net fair values of derivatives that are subject to offsetting in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Gross Net amounts of Gross amounts not offset December 31, 2023 Gross amounts recognized (1) Financial Cash collateral Net amount Total derivative assets $ 43,190 $ — $ 43,190 $ — $ (41,747) $ 1,443 Total derivative liabilities $ (28,518) $ — $ (28,518) $ — $ 16,220 $ (12,298) December 31, 2022 Total derivative assets $ 29,889 $ — $ 29,889 $ (258) $ (37,262) $ (7,631) Total derivative liabilities $ (17,489) $ — $ (17,489) $ 258 $ 15,978 $ (1,253) (1) Amounts include all derivative instruments, irrespective of whether there is a legally enforceable master netting arrangement in place.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill And Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company’s goodwill related to the acquisitions of PartnerRe SA, Winterthur Re, Paris Re and Presidio and intangible assets related to the acquisitions of Paris Re, Presidio, Aurigen and Claims Analytics at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Goodwill Definite- Indefinite- Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 456,380 $ 98,114 $ 9,555 $ 107,669 Foreign currency translation — 10 — 10 Intangible assets amortization n/a (8,861) n/a (8,861) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 456,380 $ 89,263 $ 9,555 $ 98,818 Foreign currency translation — (137) — (137) Intangible assets amortization n/a (8,912) n/a (8,912) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 456,380 $ 80,214 $ 9,555 $ 89,769 Foreign currency translation — 50 — 50 Intangible assets amortization n/a (7,906) n/a (7,906) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 456,380 $ 72,358 $ 9,555 $ 81,913 n/a: Not applicable The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization of intangible assets included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Gross carrying Accumulated Net carrying value Gross carrying Accumulated Net carrying value Definite-lived intangible assets: Renewal rights $ 48,163 $ (44,985) $ 3,178 $ 48,163 $ (43,032) $ 5,131 Customer relationships 67,661 (60,532) 7,129 67,611 (56,850) 10,761 Life VOBA 75,583 (13,532) 62,051 75,583 (11,261) 64,322 Total definite-lived intangible assets $ 191,407 $ (119,049) $ 72,358 $ 191,357 $ (111,143) $ 80,214 Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Insurance licenses 9,555 n/a 9,555 9,555 n/a 9,555 Total intangible assets $ 200,962 $ (119,049) $ 81,913 $ 200,912 $ (111,143) $ 89,769 n/a: Not applicable Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over a period of 10-13 years for renewal rights and customer relationships, and 100 years for life VOBA. The allocation of goodwill to the Company’s segments at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 P&C segment $ 242,376 $ 242,376 Specialty segment 196,047 196,047 Life and Health segment 17,957 17,957 Total $ 456,380 $ 456,380 The estimated future amortization expense related to the Company’s definite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Year VOBA Other definite- Total definite- 2024 $ 2,296 $ 4,960 $ 7,256 2025 2,070 4,367 6,437 2026 1,892 402 2,294 2027 2,238 402 2,640 2028 2,247 176 2,423 Thereafter 51,308 — 51,308 Total $ 62,051 $ 10,307 $ 72,358

Deferred Acquisition Costs

Deferred Acquisition Costs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Disclosures [Abstract]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	Deferred Acquisition Costs Deferred acquisition costs comprises capitalized costs of $700 million and $701 million related to Non-life business and $321 million and $311 million related to Life and health business at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of deferred acquisition costs for the Company's traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts within the Life and health business for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Long-term protection Balance at beginning of year $ 311,362 $ 298,783 $ 270,170 Capitalizations 38,056 67,432 69,548 Amortization expense (32,012) (31,467) (29,696) Foreign exchange effect 3,200 (23,386) (11,239) Balance at end of year $ 320,606 $ 311,362 $ 298,783

Non-life Reserves

Non-life Reserves	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Liability for Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]
Non-life Reserves	Non-life Reserves Non-life reserves are categorized into three types of reserves: case reserves, ACRs and IBNR reserves. Case reserves represent unpaid losses reported by the Company’s cedants and recorded by the Company. ACRs are established for particular circumstances where, on the basis of individual loss reports, the Company estimates that the particular loss or collection of losses covered by a treaty may be greater than those advised by the cedant. IBNR reserves represent a provision for claims that have been incurred but not yet reported to the Company, as well as future loss development on losses already reported, in excess of the case reserves and ACRs. See also Note 2(b). The Company’s gross liability for non-life reserves at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Case reserves $ 5,148,325 $ 5,110,575 ACRs 190,071 159,821 IBNR reserves 7,812,913 7,455,235 Non-life reserves $ 13,151,309 $ 12,725,631 The reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross and net liability for non-life reserves for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Gross liability at beginning of year $ 12,725,631 $ 12,047,792 $ 11,395,321 Reinsurance recoverable at beginning of year 1,851,811 1,532,666 782,330 Net liability at beginning of year 10,873,820 10,515,126 10,612,991 Net incurred losses related to: Current year 3,229,633 3,533,087 3,637,671 Prior years (47,293) (219,853) (194,426) 3,182,340 3,313,234 3,443,245 Net paid losses related to: Current year (416,151) (419,633) (437,938) Prior years (2,316,451) (2,238,503) (2,535,057) (2,732,602) (2,658,136) (2,972,995) Retroactive reinsurance recoverable adjustment (93,378) (35,695) (357,864) Effects of foreign exchange rate changes and other 155,882 (260,709) (210,251) Net liability at end of year 11,386,062 10,873,820 10,515,126 Reinsurance recoverable at end of year 1,765,247 1,851,811 1,532,666 Gross liability at end of year $ 13,151,309 $ 12,725,631 $ 12,047,792 Prior Years' Reserve Development For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reported net favorable loss development for prior accident years resulting from favorable loss emergence in both the P&C and Specialty segments. The favorable loss emergence within the P&C segment was across multiple accident years, mainly driven by the catastrophe and U.S. health business, partially offset by adverse loss emergence in the casualty business. The favorable loss emergence within the Specialty segment was across multiple accident years, predominantly from the financial risks, agriculture, and multiline business, which was partially offset by adverse loss emergence in the aviation and marine business. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company reported net favorable loss development for prior accident years resulting from favorable loss emergence in both the P&C and Specialty segments and a reduction in unallocated loss adjustment expenses. The favorable loss emergence within the P&C segment was across multiple accident years, mainly driven by the motor, catastrophe, and casualty business. The favorable loss emergence within the Specialty segment was across multiple accident years, predominantly from the financial risks, engineering, marine, and property business, which was partially offset by adverse loss emergence in the aviation business. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company reported net favorable loss development for prior accident years resulting from favorable loss emergence in both the P&C and Specialty segments. The favorable loss emergence within the Specialty segment was across multiple accident years, predominantly from financial risks lines. The favorable loss emergence within the P&C segment was primarily from a refinement of loss estimates for certain large catastrophic events from accident years 2017 - 2019. Retroactive Reinsurance Recoverable During the second quarter of 2021, the Company entered into a loss portfolio transfer and adverse development cover agreement related to prior underwriting years on the Company's U.S. casualty and auto business within the P&C segment. Premium paid for the loss portfolio transfer and adverse development cover agreement resulted in a cash transfer for the premium at inception of the agreement, and a reinsurance recoverable of $485 million at December 31, 2023 and $394 million at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, as a result of adverse prior years reserve development ceded under this agreement, a deferred gain of $99 million and $47 million, respectively, was recorded in Accounts payable, accrued expense and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This transaction is presented retrospectively in the net loss and loss expenses incurred development table for the casualty business below. Reinsurance recoveries under this transaction are attributed to calendar year and accident year based on the underlying distribution of losses subject to the agreement. Asbestos and Environmental Claims The Company’s net non-life reserves at December 31, 2023 and 2022 included $40 million and $42 million, respectively, related to asbestos and environmental claims. The gross liability for such claims at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $47 million and $49 million, respectively. Ultimate loss estimates for such claims cannot be estimated using traditional reserving techniques and there are significant uncertainties in estimating the Company’s potential losses for these claims. In view of the legal and tort environment that affect the development of such claims, the uncertainties inherent in estimating asbestos and environmental claims are not likely to be resolved in the near future. There can be no assurance that the reserves established by the Company will not be adversely affected by development of other latent exposures, and further, there can be no assurance that the reserves established by the Company will be adequate. The Company does, however, actively evaluate potential exposure to asbestos and environmental claims and establishes additional reserves as appropriate. The Company believes that it has made a reasonable provision for these exposures and is unaware of any specific issues that would materially affect its unpaid losses and loss expense reserves related to this exposure. Non-life reserving methods The reserving methods commonly employed by the Company are summarized as follows: Chain Ladder (CL) Development Methods (Reported or Paid) These methods use the underlying assumption that losses reported (paid) for each underwriting year at a particular development stage follow a stable pattern. The CL development method assumes that on average, every underwriting year will display the same percentage of ultimate liabilities reported by the Company’s cedants at 24 months after the inception of the underwriting year. The percentages reported (paid) are established for each development stage after examining historical averages from the loss development data. These are sometimes supplemented by external benchmark information. Ultimate liabilities are estimated by multiplying the actual reported (paid) losses by the reciprocal of the assumed reported (paid) percentage. Reserves are then calculated by subtracting paid claims from the estimated ultimate liabilities. Expected Loss Ratio (ELR) Method This method estimates ultimate losses for an underwriting year by applying an estimated loss ratio to the earned premium for that underwriting year. Although the method is insensitive to actual reported or paid losses, it can often be useful at the early stages of development when very few losses have been reported or paid, and the principal sources of information available to the Company consist of information obtained during pricing and qualitative information supplied by the cedant. However, the lack of sensitivity to reported or paid losses means that the method is usually inappropriate at later stages of development. Bornhuetter-Ferguson (B-F) Methods (Reported or Paid) These methods aim to address the variability at early stages of development and incorporates external information such as pricing. The B-F methods are more sensitive to reported and paid losses than the ELR method, and can be seen as a blend of the ELR and CL development methods. Unreported (unpaid) claims are calculated using an expected reporting (payment) pattern and an externally determined estimate of ultimate liabilities (usually determined by multiplying an a priori loss ratio with estimates of premium volume). The accuracy of the a priori loss ratio is a critical assumption in this method. Usually a priori loss ratios are initially determined on the basis of pricing information, but may also be adjusted to reflect other information that subsequently emerges about underlying loss experience. Loss Event Specific Method The ultimate losses estimated under this method are derived from estimates of specific events based on reported claims, client and broker discussions, review of potential exposures, market loss estimates, modeled analysis and other event specific criteria. Method Weights In determining the loss reserves, the Company often relies on a blend of the results from two or more methods (e.g., weighted averages). The judgment as to which of the above method(s) is most appropriate for a particular underwriting year and reserving cell could change over time as new information emerges regarding underlying loss activity and other data issues. Furthermore, as each line is typically composed of several reserving cells, it is likely that the reserves for the line will be dependent on several reserving methods. This is because reserves for a line are the result of aggregating the reserves for each constituent reserving cell and that a different method could be selected for each reserving cell. The principal reserving methods used for each of the Specialty segment and P&C segment were ELR, Reported/Paid B-F, and Reported/Paid CL, with the exception of catastrophe risks within the P&C segment where the principal reserving methods used were ELR based on exposure analysis and loss event specific methods. Non-life net incurred and paid losses and loss expense development The net incurred and paid losses and loss expenses development by accident year for each of the years ended December 31, 2014 through 2023, and the total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims included within the net incurred claims amounts, as at each of the years ended December 31, 2014 through 2023, are presented in the tables below (in thousands of U.S. dollars). The tables below reflect losses incurred and paid losses translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date whereas the Losses and loss expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect losses incurred at the average exchange rate for the period. The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development information below to the Non-life reserves in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 Total outstanding liability for unpaid claims Property $ 1,908,065 Casualty 6,176,122 Specialty 3,011,789 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 11,095,976 Unallocated loss expenses 130,717 U.S. health net reserves (1) 156,570 Other 2,799 Total other liabilities $ 290,086 Net liability at end of year $ 11,386,062 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims Property $ 763,028 Casualty 698,223 Specialty 303,996 Reinsurance recoverable at end of year $ 1,765,247 Gross liability at end of year $ 13,151,309 (1) U.S. health business is not meaningful to include in the development tables as the estimated average duration of the health reserves is less than one year and substantially all claims are expected to be paid within two years, based on historical payout patterns. NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - NON-LIFE For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 2,481,720 $ 2,514,200 $ 2,368,967 $ 2,349,869 $ 2,353,759 $ 2,315,021 $ 2,277,135 $ 2,262,546 $ 2,232,454 $ 2,233,339 $ 50,959 2015 2,502,854 2,611,184 2,527,784 2,550,830 2,520,182 2,475,960 2,451,141 2,432,324 2,435,356 87,537 2016 2,451,204 2,559,851 2,516,126 2,486,199 2,467,920 2,484,069 2,476,383 2,472,778 95,112 2017 2,549,737 2,801,179 2,698,916 2,651,730 2,663,904 2,658,571 2,660,319 159,021 2018 2,596,552 2,974,243 2,969,810 2,972,766 3,009,359 3,015,217 334,532 2019 2,931,280 3,519,556 3,510,991 3,523,443 3,531,407 637,205 2020 4,186,395 3,586,462 3,499,097 3,480,994 859,604 2021 2,880,141 2,829,876 2,836,450 1,435,501 2022 3,410,844 3,374,321 1,723,904 2023 3,115,830 967,607 Total $ 29,156,011 $ 6,350,982 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - NON-LIFE For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 336,270 $ 1,291,273 $ 1,594,146 $ 1,810,171 $ 1,946,054 $ 2,044,804 $ 2,118,939 $ 2,164,676 $ 2,196,720 $ 2,243,258 2015 306,562 1,159,655 1,564,173 1,798,537 1,959,722 2,067,935 2,142,234 2,198,481 2,240,255 2016 321,351 1,272,443 1,627,697 1,893,694 2,030,728 2,123,169 2,211,977 2,302,984 2017 394,394 1,421,140 1,804,959 2,072,838 2,195,236 2,314,529 2,436,391 2018 271,827 1,276,542 1,811,055 2,093,543 2,283,931 2,490,887 2019 462,939 1,438,793 1,961,928 2,341,116 2,640,483 2020 480,122 1,277,034 1,805,063 2,106,017 2021 373,191 1,088,143 1,531,660 2022 394,598 914,038 2023 397,510 Total $ 19,303,483 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 9,852,528 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 1,243,448 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 11,095,976 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - NON-LIFE (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non-life 13% 29% 15% 10% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 2% NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - PROPERTY For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 469,568 $ 488,446 $ 463,409 $ 458,609 $ 452,907 $ 450,487 $ 447,816 $ 447,894 $ 444,808 $ 445,152 $ 298 2015 537,193 565,816 537,792 528,106 524,147 519,568 525,203 523,475 524,453 3,605 2016 663,490 681,050 644,349 625,873 622,562 624,375 623,593 620,491 8,045 2017 971,607 1,022,186 952,613 923,025 915,166 910,105 909,849 12,314 2018 805,960 820,675 799,735 778,867 766,591 766,684 16,456 2019 703,097 782,453 720,079 711,928 714,189 32,277 2020 1,252,575 1,070,935 1,061,772 1,056,274 132,920 2021 919,517 918,629 914,749 253,718 2022 944,920 859,807 457,178 2023 415,801 334,152 Total $ 7,227,449 $ 1,250,963 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - PROPERTY For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 95,013 $ 323,309 $ 395,102 $ 423,339 $ 432,567 $ 438,152 $ 442,581 $ 444,798 $ 445,375 $ 448,276 2015 85,015 330,876 435,539 469,036 481,879 489,195 498,557 501,524 503,399 2016 132,914 446,804 538,988 579,381 595,159 604,980 609,257 613,854 2017 214,026 694,240 805,627 853,945 862,942 870,638 882,726 2018 81,830 494,608 628,458 666,919 687,439 709,211 2019 78,527 426,566 545,163 586,587 627,924 2020 115,165 515,030 681,851 772,952 2021 121,453 491,546 639,577 2022 103,876 279,970 2023 91,499 Total $ 5,569,388 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 1,658,061 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 250,004 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 1,908,065 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - PROPERTY (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Property 15% 41% 16% 6% 3% 2% 1% 1% —% 1% NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - CASUALTY For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 804,571 $ 848,698 $ 814,622 $ 810,349 $ 826,000 $ 791,768 $ 766,415 $ 753,383 $ 739,605 $ 740,555 $ 34,090 2015 699,327 783,275 761,091 803,497 770,242 751,652 726,451 714,608 717,382 57,407 2016 670,767 756,954 767,366 747,814 740,047 750,268 747,402 747,434 61,476 2017 621,095 743,114 720,966 709,881 716,862 720,732 724,138 94,614 2018 767,559 905,491 895,978 903,353 920,169 927,658 236,104 2019 999,955 1,226,210 1,272,980 1,273,687 1,282,398 494,696 2020 1,344,430 1,115,751 1,094,890 1,086,082 601,415 2021 1,013,896 967,726 987,435 886,905 2022 1,495,131 1,561,575 888,080 2023 1,698,981 326,606 Total $ 10,473,638 $ 3,681,393 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - CASUALTY For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 69,119 $ 189,458 $ 292,152 $ 387,182 $ 470,964 $ 536,883 $ 594,035 $ 631,367 $ 654,893 $ 692,148 2015 73,252 184,520 303,213 398,790 505,067 577,907 627,964 667,748 702,472 2016 28,304 140,081 244,560 369,651 455,982 520,069 586,050 667,058 2017 55,617 157,792 246,615 334,296 411,806 488,164 596,996 2018 59,105 201,190 323,510 425,887 532,717 699,190 2019 100,639 274,821 430,192 580,304 731,677 2020 112,281 176,740 304,592 410,337 2021 80,434 225,846 329,578 2022 120,660 173,769 2023 171,996 Total $ 5,175,221 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 5,298,417 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 877,705 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 6,176,122 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - CASUALTY (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Casualty 9% 12% 13% 12% 12% 11% 10% 7% 4% 5% NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - SPECIALTY For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 1,207,581 $ 1,177,056 $ 1,090,936 $ 1,080,911 $ 1,074,852 $ 1,072,766 $ 1,062,904 $ 1,061,269 $ 1,048,041 $ 1,047,632 $ 16,571 2015 1,266,334 1,262,093 1,228,901 1,219,227 1,225,793 1,204,740 1,199,487 1,194,241 1,193,521 26,525 2016 1,116,947 1,121,847 1,104,411 1,112,512 1,105,311 1,109,426 1,105,388 1,104,853 25,591 2017 957,035 1,035,879 1,025,337 1,018,824 1,031,876 1,027,734 1,026,332 52,093 2018 1,023,033 1,248,077 1,274,097 1,290,546 1,322,599 1,320,875 81,972 2019 1,228,228 1,510,893 1,517,932 1,537,828 1,534,820 110,232 2020 1,589,390 1,399,776 1,342,435 1,338,638 125,269 2021 946,728 943,521 934,266 294,878 2022 970,793 952,939 378,646 2023 1,001,048 306,849 Total $ 11,454,924 $ 1,418,626 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - SPECIALTY For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 172,138 $ 778,506 $ 906,892 $ 999,650 $ 1,042,523 $ 1,069,769 $ 1,082,323 $ 1,088,511 $ 1,096,452 $ 1,102,834 2015 148,295 644,259 825,421 930,711 972,776 1,000,833 1,015,713 1,029,209 1,034,384 2016 160,133 685,558 844,149 944,662 979,587 998,120 1,016,670 1,022,072 2017 124,751 569,108 752,717 884,597 920,488 955,727 956,669 2018 130,892 580,744 859,087 1,000,737 1,063,775 1,082,486 2019 283,773 737,406 986,573 1,174,225 1,280,882 2020 252,676 585,264 818,620 922,728 2021 171,304 370,751 562,505 2022 170,062 460,299 2023 134,015 Total $ 8,558,874 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 2,896,050 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 115,739 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 3,011,789 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - SPECIALTY (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Specialty 15% 36% 17% 10% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% The Company is predominantly a reinsurer of primary insurers and does not have access to claim frequency information held by its cedants due to the majority of the Company’s business being written on a proportional basis. As such, the Company considers it impracticable to disclose information on the frequency of claims.

Life and Health Reserves

Life and Health Reserves	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Liability for Future Policy Benefits Activity [Abstract]
Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Disclosure	Life and Health Reserves The Company's gross and net liability for life and health reserves at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Long-term protection $ 1,432,088 $ 1,249,661 $ 1,454,838 Longevity 466,037 304,318 323,489 Total traditional and limited payment long-duration life and health reserves $ 1,898,125 $ 1,553,979 $ 1,778,327 Other long-duration life and health reserves 116,918 127,752 122,532 Short-term life and health reserves 816,626 795,978 860,997 Total life and health reserves, net $ 2,831,669 $ 2,477,709 $ 2,761,856 Reinsurance recoverable 27,588 19,810 23,526 Life and health reserves, gross $ 2,859,257 $ 2,497,519 $ 2,785,382 Traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts The reconciliation of the beginning and ending net liability for the Company's life and health reserves for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Long-term Protection Longevity Long-term Protection Longevity Long-term Protection Longevity Present Value of Expected Net Premiums Balance, beginning of year $ 7,181,905 $ 6,859,347 $ 8,265,658 $ 9,450,775 $ 7,722,807 $ 8,710,380 Beginning balance at original discount rate 9,912,178 9,468,464 8,929,616 10,101,622 7,832,595 8,417,277 Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (46,073) 1,341 124,380 — 132,056 (12,857) Effect of actual variances from expected experience 129,081 (100,539) 495,356 49,882 138,504 (46,910) Foreign exchange and other 7,693 (77,951) 61,698 (1,485) 12,107 702 Adjusted beginning of year balance 10,002,879 9,291,315 9,611,050 10,150,019 8,115,262 8,358,212 Issuances 907,176 3,106,448 1,100,371 813,865 1,271,419 2,249,974 Interest accrual 249,381 303,087 215,148 189,144 183,835 152,388 Net premiums collected (564,741) (1,012,723) (519,987) (668,228) (497,615) (601,195) Foreign exchange and other 157,390 632,042 (494,404) (1,016,336) (143,285) (57,757) Ending balance at original discount rate 10,752,085 12,320,169 9,912,178 9,468,464 8,929,616 10,101,622 Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions (2,238,887) (1,914,504) (2,730,273) (2,609,117) (663,958) (650,847) Balance, end of year $ 8,513,198 $ 10,405,665 $ 7,181,905 $ 6,859,347 $ 8,265,658 $ 9,450,775 Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits Balance, beginning of year $ 8,444,212 $ 7,167,340 $ 9,735,516 $ 9,778,306 $ 9,197,194 $ 9,080,355 Beginning balance at original discount rate 11,279,091 9,735,709 10,405,240 10,400,475 9,253,956 8,758,460 Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (29,989) 1,671 100,464 — 175,808 (17,855) Effect of actual variances from expected experience 124,864 (113,205) 520,942 47,215 198,217 (46,809) Foreign exchange and other 24,331 (89,722) 67,193 (2,935) 11,525 770 Adjusted beginning of year balance 11,398,297 9,534,453 11,093,839 10,444,755 9,639,506 8,694,566 Issuances 910,154 3,111,518 1,095,566 814,178 1,250,111 2,249,787 Interest accrual 269,802 308,484 235,775 194,485 207,736 160,408 Benefit payments (521,918) (885,792) (542,353) (666,887) (503,727) (643,565) Foreign exchange and other 201,607 656,619 (603,736) (1,050,822) (188,386) (60,721) Ending balance at original discount rate 12,257,942 12,725,282 11,279,091 9,735,709 10,405,240 10,400,475 Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions (2,309,437) (1,851,883) (2,834,879) (2,568,369) (669,724) (622,169) Balance, end of year $ 9,948,505 $ 10,873,399 $ 8,444,212 $ 7,167,340 $ 9,735,516 $ 9,778,306 Cumulative impact of flooring $ 4,037 $ 1,828 $ 2,367 $ — $ 194 $ 819 Liability for future policy benefits, after flooring adjustment $ 1,439,344 $ 469,562 $ 1,264,674 $ 307,993 $ 1,470,052 $ 328,350 Less: reinsurance recoverable 7,256 3,525 15,013 3,675 15,214 4,861 Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable $ 1,432,088 $ 466,037 $ 1,249,661 $ 304,318 $ 1,454,838 $ 323,489 The amount of undiscounted and discounted expected future gross premiums and expected future benefit payments for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Long-term Protection Undiscounted expected future gross premiums $ 22,577,821 $ 19,982,118 $ 17,229,187 Undiscounted expected future benefit payments $ 19,981,172 $ 17,642,176 $ 15,441,167 Discounted expected future gross premiums $ 10,835,854 $ 9,162,867 $ 10,592,914 Discounted expected future benefit payments $ 9,948,505 $ 8,444,212 $ 9,735,516 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Longevity Undiscounted expected future gross premiums $ 17,998,514 $ 13,032,711 $ 13,647,768 Undiscounted expected future benefit payments $ 16,929,038 $ 12,199,575 $ 12,752,333 Discounted expected future gross premiums $ 11,284,884 $ 7,485,087 $ 10,331,411 Discounted expected future benefit payments $ 10,873,399 $ 7,167,340 $ 9,778,306 The total gross premiums and interest expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Gross Premiums Interest Expense 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Long-term protection $ 744,428 $ 684,990 $ 662,496 $ 20,421 $ 20,627 $ 23,901 Longevity 1,094,934 742,542 692,000 5,397 5,341 8,020 Total $ 1,839,362 $ 1,427,532 $ 1,354,496 $ 25,818 $ 25,968 $ 31,921 The weighted-average interest rates for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Long-term Protection: Interest accretion rate 2.63 % 2.43 % 2.28 % Current discount rate 4.48 % 4.93 % 2.87 % 2023 2022 2021 Longevity: Interest accretion rate 2.95 % 2.06 % 1.94 % Current discount rate 4.83 % 5.48 % 2.48 % The weighted-average duration of reserves for long-term protection was 4.2 years, 4.4 years and 5.3 years for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted average duration of reserves for Longevity has been split into the fixed premium leg and the floating claims leg, with the fixed premium leg having a duration of 7.6 years, 7.8 years and 9.8 years and the floating claims leg having a duration of 7.5 years, 7.7 years and 9.5 years, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Long-term protection Significant assumptions used to calculate the LFPB for long-term protection include mortality, morbidity, and persistency, and both locked-in and current discount rates. In 2023, the Company undertook a review of significant assumptions and primarily made changes to mortality and morbidity. Mortality assumption updates primarily reflected mixed future mortality improvements and claims experience on certain treaties that largely offset. Morbidity assumption updates primarily reflected adverse claims experience on a specific treaty. Current discount rates were updated from 2022 resulting in a slight increase to the LFPB. In 2022, the Company undertook a review of significant assumptions and primarily made changes to mortality and morbidity. Mortality assumption updates largely reflected unfavorable claims experience on certain treaties. Morbidity assumption updates largely reflected adverse claims experience on a specific treaty. Current discount rates were updated from 2021 resulting in a significant decrease to the LFPB. In 2021, the Company undertook a review of significant assumptions and primarily made changes to mortality and morbidity. Mortality assumption updates primarily reflected unfavorable claims experience on certain treaties. Morbidity assumption updates primarily reflected adverse claims experience on specific treaties. Current discount rates were updated from 2020 resulting in a significant decrease to the LFPB. Impacts to expected net premiums and expected future policy benefits due to assumption changes in 2023, 2022 and 2021 can be observed in the LFPB rollforward tables at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Longevity Significant assumptions used to calculate the LFPB for Longevity include mortality, and both locked-in and current discount rates. In 2023, the Company undertook a review of significant assumptions and updated mortality improvement assumptions to reflect favorable developments prior to COVID-19. Current discount rates were updated from 2022, resulting in a slight decrease to the LFPB. In 2022, the Company reviewed actual experience but did not make any assumption updates. Current discount rates were updated from 2021, resulting in a slight increase to the LFPB. In 2021, the Company undertook a review of significant assumptions and made revisions to mortality improvement assumption model parameters to reflect industry trends. Current discount rates were updated from 2020, resulting in a slight decrease to the LFPB. Impacts to expected net premiums and expected future policy benefits due to assumption changes in 2023, 2022 and 2021 can be observed in the LFPB rollforward tables at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Life and health short-duration reserves The reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross and net liability of the life and health reserves for short-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Gross liability at beginning of year $ 797,100 $ 864,448 $ 960,198 Reinsurance recoverable at beginning of year 1,122 3,451 6,397 Net liability at beginning of year 795,978 860,997 953,801 Net incurred losses 187,078 157,572 184,872 Net losses paid (190,082) (172,043) (234,501) Effects of foreign exchange rate changes and other 23,652 (50,548) (43,175) Net liability at end of year 816,626 795,978 860,997 Reinsurance recoverable at end of year 16,807 1,122 3,451 Gross liability at end of year $ 833,433 $ 797,100 $ 864,448

Market Risk Benefits

Market Risk Benefits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Market Risk Benefit [Abstract]
Market Risk Benefits	Market Risk Benefits MRBs, which relate to our GMDB business, are measured at fair value using an option-based valuation model based on current net amounts at risk, market data, Company experience and other factors. Declines in the equity markets, increased volatility, and a low interest rate environment increase the Company's exposure to liabilities under the guaranteed features. The net amount at risk for GMDB is defined as the current guaranteed benefit amount in excess of the current contract value. The reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of market risk benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 GMDB Balance, beginning of year $ 122,016 $ (53,011) $ (77,590) Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk 3,676 59,207 63,474 Balance, beginning of year, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk 125,692 6,196 (14,116) Issuances 5,625 1,312 (14,931) Interest accrual 6,081 (1,819) (2,623) Attributed fees collected (29,273) (29,417) (34,371) Benefit payments 3,799 (897) 1,597 Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behaviors (8,415) 5,126 (14,565) Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior (12,111) (3,819) 10,776 Effect of changes in other future assumptions 5,844 4,318 (51,743) Effect of changes in interest rates (12,722) 197,277 82,422 Effect of changes in equity index volatility 11,716 (24,728) (4,634) Effect of changes in equity markets 14,550 (58,497) 31,222 Foreign exchange impact 5,501 (1,715) 439 Other 21,985 32,355 16,723 Balance, end of year, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk $ 138,272 $ 125,692 $ 6,196 Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk 1,302 (3,676) (59,207) Balance, end of year $ 139,574 $ 122,016 $ (53,011) Net amount at risk $ 251,293 $ 603,656 $ 52,320 Weighted-average attained age of contract holders 61 years 61 years 61 years The reconciliation of market risk benefit asset (liability) to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Asset Liability Net Asset Liability Net Market risk benefits $ 144,636 $ 5,062 $ 139,574 $ 131,186 $ 9,170 $ 122,016 In 2023, the Company recognized market risk benefit gains primarily due to an increase in equity markets and a decrease in equity index volatility, both of which reduce the chance of GMDB being at risk and increases the net MRB asset. The Company also recognized the impacts of new business and actual and future expected policyholder activity. For 2022, the Company recognized market risk benefit gains primarily due to a steep increase in interest rates in the year which reduces the chance of GMDB being at risk and increases the net MRB asset, partially offset by a decrease in equity markets and an increase in equity index volatility which decreased the MRB net asset. For 2021, the Company recognized market risk benefit gains due to increases in interest rates and improvements in equity markets which reduced the chance of the GMDB being at risk and increased the net MRB asset, partially offset by the impact of changes in other future assumptions. See Note 4 for additional information related to the fair value measurement of MRBs.

Reinsurance

Reinsurance	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Reinsurance	Reinsurance (a) Reinsurance Recoverable on Paid and Unpaid Losses The Company uses retrocessional agreements to reduce its exposure to risk of loss on reinsurance assumed. These agreements provide for recovery from retrocessionaires of a portion of losses and loss expenses. The Company remains liable to its cedants to the extent that the retrocessionaires do not meet their obligations under these agreements, and therefore the Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentration of credit risk on an ongoing basis. The Company actively manages its reinsurance exposures by generally selecting either collateralized retrocessionaires or counterparties that have a credit rating of A- or higher. The Company established Lorenz Re Ltd. (“Lorenz Re”), a special purpose insurer registered as a segregated accounts company in Bermuda, as part of its third party capital platform to provide third party investors with access to portfolios of risk in the global reinsurance markets. Lorenz Re operates by providing fully collateralized reinsurance capacity to certain of the Company's operating subsidiaries in respect of multiple lines of business. Lorenz Re raises capital primarily from third party investors seeking exposure to the global reinsurance markets by issuing non-voting redeemable preferred shares in its individual segregated accounts. The proceeds from issuance of these preferred shares are deposited into trust accounts collateralizing varying portfolios of potential reinsurance recoverables, which have established investment guidelines that generally require assets to be held as either cash and cash equivalents or in U.S. government issued securities of high credit quality. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company ceded premium written to Lorenz Re’s segregated cells of $529 million, $664 million and $634 million, respectively, and recorded a Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses from the segregated cells of $767 million and $921 million as at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In assessing an allowance for reinsurance recoverable balances, the Company considers historical information, financial strength and credit ratings of reinsurers, collateralization amounts and the remaining expected life of reinsurance recoverable balances to determine the appropriateness of the allowance. Historically, the Company has not experienced material credit losses from retrocessional agreements. In assessing future default for reinsurance recoverable balances, the Company evaluates the valuation allowance under the probability of default and loss given default method and utilizes counterparty credit ratings from major rating agencies, as well as assesses the current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the likelihood of default. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's allowance for credit losses on its reinsurance recoverable balance was $3 million. (b) Ceded Reinsurance Net premiums written, net premiums earned and losses and loss expenses are reported net of reinsurance in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Direct, assumed, ceded and net amounts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 Premiums Premiums Losses and Loss Non-life $ 347,351 $ 372,230 $ 188,912 Life and Health — — — Direct $ 347,351 $ 372,230 $ 188,912 Non-life $ 6,646,273 $ 6,643,101 $ 3,346,078 Life and Health 2,108,734 2,108,711 1,838,714 Assumed $ 8,755,007 $ 8,751,812 $ 5,184,792 Non-life $ 1,145,301 $ 1,176,865 $ 352,650 Life and Health 28,145 28,417 30,846 Ceded $ 1,173,446 $ 1,205,282 $ 383,496 Non-life $ 5,848,323 $ 5,838,466 $ 3,182,340 Life and Health 2,080,589 2,080,294 1,807,868 Net $ 7,928,912 $ 7,918,760 $ 4,990,208 2022 Premiums Premiums Losses and Loss Expenses Non-life $ 393,186 $ 377,380 $ 207,301 Life and Health — — — Direct $ 393,186 $ 377,380 $ 207,301 Non-life $ 6,622,236 $ 6,319,389 $ 3,817,630 Life and Health 1,673,857 1,674,091 1,426,584 Assumed $ 8,296,093 $ 7,993,480 $ 5,244,214 Non-life $ 1,116,672 $ 1,085,317 $ 711,697 Life and Health 28,412 28,426 13,946 Ceded $ 1,145,084 $ 1,113,743 $ 725,643 Non-life $ 5,898,750 $ 5,611,452 $ 3,313,234 Life and Health 1,645,445 1,645,665 1,412,638 Net $ 7,544,195 $ 7,257,117 $ 4,725,872 2021 Premiums Premiums Losses and Loss Expenses Non-life $ 421,756 $ 318,058 $ 221,173 Life and Health — — — Direct $ 421,756 $ 318,058 $ 221,173 Non-life $ 6,135,299 $ 5,956,360 $ 3,991,292 Life and Health 1,646,870 1,651,485 1,423,826 Assumed $ 7,782,169 $ 7,607,845 $ 5,415,118 Non-life $ 1,046,227 $ 944,862 $ 769,220 Life and Health 23,680 24,519 16,031 Ceded $ 1,069,907 $ 969,381 $ 785,251 Non-life $ 5,510,828 $ 5,329,556 $ 3,443,245 Life and Health 1,623,190 1,626,966 1,407,795 Net $ 7,134,018 $ 6,956,522 $ 4,851,040

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt The debt outstanding and the carrying value recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was comprised as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commitment Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Senior notes due 2029 $ 500,000 $ 497,525 $ 484,790 $ 497,073 $ 462,521 Senior notes due 2026 € 750,000 829,304 790,081 794,368 721,807 Junior subordinated notes due 2050 $ 500,000 494,832 432,685 494,638 428,250 Capital efficient notes due 2066 $ 61,924 61,924 55,237 61,924 54,247 Debt $ 1,883,585 $ 1,762,793 $ 1,848,003 $ 1,666,825 Senior notes due 2029 In June 2019, PartnerRe Finance B LLC, an indirect wholly-owned financing subsidiary of the Company, issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.700% senior notes at a price of 99.783% of the principal amount. The net proceeds of the issuance, after consideration of the offering discount and underwriting expenses and commissions, totaled $496 million. These senior notes may be redeemed at the option of the issuer, in whole or in part, at any time, with early redemption requiring the payment of a make-whole premium. Commencing on January 2, 2020, interest on these notes is payable semi-annually at an annual fixed rate of 3.700%. Unless previously redeemed, the notes mature on July 2, 2029. These senior notes are ranked as senior unsecured obligations of PartnerRe Finance B LLC and PartnerRe Ltd. has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Finance B LLC related to these senior notes. PartnerRe Ltd.’s obligations under this guarantee are senior and unsecured and rank equally with all other senior unsecured indebtedness. Senior notes due 2026 In September 2016, PartnerRe Ireland Finance DAC, an indirect wholly-owned financing subsidiary of the Company, issued €750 million aggregate principal amount of 1.250% senior notes at a price of 99.144% of the principal amount, which are listed in the main securities market of the Irish Stock Exchange. Interest is payable annually commencing on September 15, 2017. These senior notes may be redeemed at the option of the issuer, in whole or in part, at any time. Unless previously redeemed, the notes mature on September 15, 2026. These senior notes are ranked as senior unsecured obligations of PartnerRe Ireland Finance DAC. PartnerRe Ltd. has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Ireland Finance DAC under these senior notes. PartnerRe Ltd.’s obligations under this guarantee are senior and unsecured and rank equally with all other senior unsecured indebtedness. Junior subordinated notes due 2050 In September 2020, PartnerRe Finance B LLC issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.500% fixed-rate reset junior subordinated notes at par. The net proceeds of the issuance, after consideration of the underwriting expenses, commissions and other expenses, totaled $494 million. Commencing on April 1, 2021, interest on these notes is payable semi-annually at an annual fixed rate of 4.500% until the first reset date on October 1, 2030. From the first reset date, and resetting every five years thereafter, the notes will bear interest at an annual rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 3.815%. These junior subordinated notes may be redeemed at the option of the issuer, in whole or in part, at any time, with early redemption outside of a par call period requiring the payment of a make-whole premium. Par call periods occur between April 1 and October 1 in each year in which the interest rate resets. Early redemption prior to October 1, 2025 is subject to the Bermuda Monetary Authority's approval. Unless previously redeemed, the notes mature on October 1, 2050. These notes are ranked as unsecured junior subordinated obligations, and will rank junior in right of payment to all outstanding and future senior indebtedness of PartnerRe Finance B LLC. PartnerRe Ltd. has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Finance B LLC related to these junior subordinated notes. PartnerRe Ltd.’s obligations under this guarantee are unsecured junior subordinated obligations and rank junior in right of payment to all its outstanding and future senior indebtedness, and equally in right of payment with all outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness that is by its terms equal in right of payment to the junior subordinated notes. Capital efficient notes due 2066 In November 2006, PartnerRe Finance II Inc., an indirect wholly-owned financing subsidiary of the Company, issued Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Capital Efficient Notes (CENts) with a principal amount of $250 million. In March 2009, $187 million of the principal amount was extinguished, with an additional $900 thousand of the principal amount extinguished in June 2019 and $560 thousand in December 2022. As a result, the remaining aggregate principal amount of the CENts as at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $62 million. Interest on the CENts is payable quarterly at an annual rate of 3-month SOFR plus a margin equal to 2.325%, and an additional spread adjustment of 0.26161% (due to the transition of the benchmark from LIBOR), reset quarterly. Since December 1, 2016, PartnerRe Finance II Inc. has had the right to defer one or more interest payments for up to ten years to December 1, 2026. The CENts are currently redeemable at the option of the issuer, in whole or in part, and are ranked as junior subordinated unsecured obligations of PartnerRe Finance II Inc. PartnerRe Ltd. has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Finance II Inc. related to these junior subordinated notes. PartnerRe Ltd.’s obligations under this guarantee are unsecured junior subordinated obligations and rank junior in right of payment to all its outstanding and future senior indebtedness, and equally in right of payment with all outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness that is by its terms equal in right of payment to the junior subordinated notes. Debt repurchases We or our affiliates may, at any time and from time to time, seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt, in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Shareholders' Equity	Shareholders’ Equity Authorized Shares At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total authorized share capital (common and preferred) of the Company was $200 million. Common Shares At December 31, 2022 and 2023, 100 million authorized and issued Class A common shares of $0.00000001 par value each were owned by Covéa Coopérations. See Note 17 for discussion of Class C common shares. Redeemable Preferred Shares On March 15, 2021, the Company issued 8,000,000 4.875% Series J fixed rate non-cumulative redeemable preferred shares at a par value of $1.00 per share and a redemption price of $200 million. The Company incurred issuance costs directly attributable to the new preferred shares of $6 million. The Series J preferred shares will remain outstanding into perpetuity, unless and until the Company decides to redeem them. The shares are not callable by the Company until March 15, 2026. On and after March 15, 2026, the Series J Preferred Shares will be redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price equal to $25 per Series J Preferred Share, plus declared and unpaid dividends. Dividends on the Series J preferred shares are non-cumulative and are payable quarterly in arrears. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the Series J preferred shares rank senior to the common shares, and the holders of the preferred shares would receive a distribution of $25 per share plus any declared but unpaid dividends. The Series J preferred shares were the only preferred shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022. On May 3, 2021, the Company redeemed all outstanding Series G, Series H and Series I preferred shares at $25 per share for an aggregate liquidation value of $637 million. In addition, unpaid preferred dividends accrued to the redemption date totaling $7 million were paid. In connection with the redemption, the Company recognized a loss of $21 million related to the deferred issuance costs paid upon issuance which were included in Additional paid-in capital related to the Series G, H and I preferred shares. There was no additional gain or loss on redemption to recognize as the redemption price and the initial consideration received on the issue of preferred shares were both $25 per share. The loss of $21 million was recognized as a deemed preferred dividend in retained earnings and in determining the Net income available to common shareholder.

Dividend Restrictions and Statu

Dividend Restrictions and Statutory Requirements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure - Dividend Restrictions and Statutory Requirements [Abstract]
Dividend Restrictions and Statutory Requirements	Dividend Restrictions and Statutory Requirements The Company’s ability to pay common and preferred shareholders’ dividends and its corporate expenses is dependent mainly on cash dividends from PartnerRe Bermuda, PartnerRe Europe, PartnerRe U.S., PartnerRe Asia and PartnerRe Canada (collectively, the reinsurance subsidiaries), which are the Company’s most significant subsidiaries. The payment of such dividends by the reinsurance subsidiaries to the Company is limited under Bermuda, Irish, Canadian and Singapore laws and certain statutes of various U.S. states in which PartnerRe U.S. is domiciled. The restrictions are generally based on net income and/or certain levels of surplus as determined in accordance with the relevant statutory accounting practices. The Company’s dividend policy is to declare and pay a dividend on its common shares at consistent levels each quarter. On December 16, 2021, Exor signed a definitive agreement with Covéa Coopérations, under which Covéa Coopérations agreed to purchase all of the common shares of PartnerRe Ltd. from Exor. Consummation of this transaction occurred on July 12, 2022. During 2023, the Company declared and paid common share dividends totaling $200 million. In addition, a deemed dividend of $18 million was paid to Covéa Coopérations during 2023. At December 31, 2023, given the Company complied with its Bermuda solvency requirements, there were no other restrictions on the Company’s ability to pay common and preferred shareholders’ dividends from its retained earnings, except for the reinsurance subsidiaries’ dividend restrictions described below. The reinsurance subsidiaries are required to file annual statements with insurance regulatory authorities prepared on an accounting basis prescribed or permitted by such authorities (statutory basis), maintain minimum levels of solvency and liquidity and comply with risk-based capital requirements and licensing rules. At December 31, 2023, the reinsurance subsidiaries’ solvency, liquidity and risk-based capital amounts were in excess of the minimum levels required. The typical adjustments to insurance statutory basis amounts to convert to U.S. GAAP include the elimination of certain statutory reserves, deferral of certain acquisition costs, recognition of goodwill, intangible assets and deferred income taxes that are limited on a statutory basis, valuation of bonds at fair value, the deferral of gains on retroactive reinsurance on non-life business and presentation of ceded reinsurance balances gross of assumed balances. PartnerRe Bermuda may declare dividends subject to it continuing to meet its minimum solvency and minimum liquidity ratios, which are to hold statutory capital and surplus equal to or exceeding the Target Capital Level, which is equivalent to 120% of the Enhanced Capital Requirement (ECR) and to maintain a minimum general business liquidity ratio equal to the value of its relevant assets at not less than 75% of the amount of its relevant liabilities. The ECR is calculated with reference to the Bermuda Solvency Capital Requirement model, which is a risk-based capital model. During 2023, the maximum dividend that PartnerRe Bermuda can pay without prior regulatory approval is approximately $1,120 million. The reporting deadline for the annual submission is April 30, 2024. PartnerRe Europe is subject to the Solvency II European Directive (Solvency II Regulations). The Solvency II Regulations relate to the solvency standards applicable to insurers and reinsurers and lay down, at the level of PartnerRe Europe, the minimum amounts of financial resources required in order to cover the risks to which it is exposed and the principles that should guide its overall risk management and reporting. PartnerRe Europe may declare dividends subject to it continuing to meet its Solvency II requirements, which are to hold available capital, calculated on a Solvency II balance sheet basis, in excess of the solvency capital requirement (SCR). The maximum dividend is limited to “profits available for distribution”, which consist of accumulated realized profits less accumulated realized losses. The reporting deadline for the annual Solvency II submission is April 7, 2024. PartnerRe U.S. may declare dividends subject to it continuing to meet its minimum solvency and capital requirements and is generally limited to paying dividends from earned surplus. In connection with the acquisition by Covéa Coopérations, it was agreed that PartnerRe US would not take action to declare or distribute any dividend for the two year period from July 12, 2022 to July 12, 2024 without the prior approval of the New York State Department of Financial Services. The maximum dividend that can be declared and paid without prior approval is limited, to the lesser of adjusted net investment income or 10% of its total statutory capital and surplus as of the most recently filed annual statement. The reporting deadline for the annual filing is March 1, 2024. PartnerRe Asia may declare dividends from unappropriated profits subject to meeting the capital requirements, as laid out by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. As a licensed reinsurer, PartnerRe Asia is required to maintain minimum capital of SGD25 million. In addition, PartnerRe Asia is required to establish and maintain separate insurance funds for each class of business that it writes, for both Singapore and offshore policies. The solvency requirement in respect of each insurance fund shall at all times be not less than the total risk requirement of the fund (determined by reference to three components being insurance risks, asset portfolio risks and asset concentration risks) and above 120% of the total risk requirement on a Company basis. The declaration of a dividend by PartnerRe Asia is subject to conditions and requirements being met as specified under the Companies Act and the Insurance Act and its associated regulations. The filing date for the annual submission is March 31, 2024. PartnerRe Canada may declare dividends subject to it continuing to meet its capital requirements and maintaining adequate and appropriate forms of liquidity in addition to complying with related regulations. Dividends and capital distributions are subject to regulations under the Insurance Companies Act (Canada) and the requirements of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI). The reporting deadline for the annual filing is February 29, 2024. The statutory financial statements and returns of the Company’s reinsurance subsidiaries as at, and for the year ended, December 31, 2023 are due to be submitted to the relevant regulatory authorities later in 2023, with different filing dates in each jurisdiction. In certain jurisdictions, the statutory financial statements and returns are subject to the review and final approval of the relevant regulatory authorities. As a result, the comparative figures in the tables below reflect final figures submitted to regulatory authorities for 2022 and 2021. The statutory net income (loss) of PartnerRe Bermuda, PartnerRe Europe, PartnerRe U.S., PartnerRe Asia and PartnerRe Canada for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in millions of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 PartnerRe Bermuda $ 1,138 $ (139) $ 900 PartnerRe Europe $ 383 $ (329) $ 28 PartnerRe U.S. $ 220 $ 242 $ 68 PartnerRe Asia $ 48 $ (35) $ (6) PartnerRe Canada $ 13 $ (14) $ (12) The required and actual statutory capital and surplus of PartnerRe Bermuda, PartnerRe Europe, PartnerRe U.S., PartnerRe Asia and PartnerRe Canada at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in millions of U.S. dollars): PartnerRe Bermuda (1) PartnerRe Europe PartnerRe U.S. PartnerRe Asia PartnerRe Canada 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 Required statutory capital and surplus $ 2,824 $ 2,727 $ 1,564 $ 1,537 $ 1,472 $ 1,356 $ 56 $ 47 $ 1,221 $ 1,144 Actual statutory capital and surplus $ 7,108 $ 5,816 $ 2,971 $ 2,672 $ 2,182 $ 1,928 $ 265 $ 212 $ 1,606 $ 1,392 (1) Required statutory capital and surplus is calculated at the Target Capital Level In addition to the required statutory capital and surplus requirements for the reinsurance subsidiaries in the table above, the Company is required to assess its solvency capital needs both at a PartnerRe Group and subsidiary level. The Company’s capital requirements determine the amount of capital available to be declared as dividends to its shareholders. As Group Supervisor of the Company, the Bermuda Monetary Authority is tasked with assessing the financial condition of the PartnerRe Group and coordinates the dissemination of information to other relevant authorities for the purpose of assisting in their regulatory functions and the enforcement of regulatory action against the Company or any of its subsidiaries, including the power to impose restrictions on the ability of the relevant subsidiaries to declare dividends to the Company, and the ability of the Company to pay dividends to shareholders. In addition, the Company is required to maintain the Group ECR imposed by the BMA under Bermuda law. The Company is currently completing the 2023 PartnerRe Group BSCR, which must be filed with the BMA on or before May 31, 2024, and at this time, we expect we will exceed the ECR.

Taxation

Taxation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Taxation	Taxation The Company and its Bermuda domiciled subsidiaries are not subject to Bermuda income or profit tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax or capital transfer tax in Bermuda, under current Bermuda law. However, on December 27, 2023, Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023 (the “CIT Act”). Entities subject to tax under the CIT Act are the Bermuda constituent entities of multi-national groups. A multi-national group is defined under the CIT Act as a group with entities in more than one jurisdiction with consolidated revenues of at least €750 million for two of the four previous fiscal years. If Bermuda constituent entities of a multi-national group are subject to tax under the CIT Act, such tax is charged at a rate of 15 percent of the net income of such constituent entities (as determined in accordance with the CIT Act, including after adjusting for any relevant foreign tax credits applicable to the Bermuda constituent entities). No tax is chargeable under the CIT Act until tax years starting on or after January 1, 2025. The CIT Act also includes a provision referred to as the economic transition adjustment, which is intended to provide a fair and equitable transition into the tax regime, and results in a deferred tax benefit for the Company. Pursuant to this legislation, the Company has estimated as of December 31, 2023, a $487 million deferred tax asset in relation to the economic transition adjustment and a $55 million deferred tax liability in relation to the future tax impact of temporary differences between book and tax value. Most of the net $432 million deferred tax asset is expected to be utilized predominantly over a 10-year period. The Company has subsidiaries and branches that operate in various other jurisdictions around the world that are subject to tax in the jurisdictions in which they operate. The significant jurisdictions in which the Company’s subsidiaries and branches are subject to tax are Canada, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the U.S. Income tax returns are open for examination for the tax years 2018-2023 in the U.S. and Hong Kong; 2019-2023 in Canada, Ireland, United Kingdom and Singapore; 2021-2023 in France and Switzerland. As a global organization, the Company may be subject to a variety of transfer pricing or permanent establishment challenges by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions. While management believes that adequate provision has been made in the Consolidated Financial Statements for any potential assessments that may result from tax examinations for all open tax years, the completion of tax examinations for open years may result in changes to the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Current income tax expense U.S. $ 40,840 $ 93,906 $ 31,216 Non U.S. 11,621 20,622 18,293 Total current income tax expense $ 52,461 $ 114,528 $ 49,509 Deferred income tax (benefit) expense U.S. $ 8,048 $ (14,428) $ (9,404) Non U.S. (390,065) (60,138) 61 Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense $ (382,017) $ (74,566) $ (9,343) Unrecognized tax expense (benefit) U.S. $ — $ — $ — Non U.S. 1,632 1,933 (199) Total unrecognized tax expense (benefit) $ 1,632 $ 1,933 $ (199) Total income tax (benefit) expense U.S. $ 48,888 $ 79,478 $ 21,812 Non U.S. (376,812) (37,583) 18,155 Total income tax (benefit) expense $ (327,924) $ 41,895 $ 39,967 Income (loss) before taxes attributable to the Company’s domestic and foreign operations and a reconciliation of the actual income tax rate to the amount computed by applying the effective tax rate of 0% under Bermuda (the Company’s domicile) law to income (loss) before taxes was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Domestic (Bermuda) $ 772,926 $ (95,063) $ 631,852 Foreign 1,217,269 (802,794) 172,303 Income (loss) before taxes $ 1,990,195 $ (897,857) $ 804,155 Reconciliation of effective tax rate (% of income (loss) before taxes) Expected tax rate 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Foreign taxes at local expected tax rates 12.4 15.3 6.7 Impact of foreign exchange gains or losses (1.1) (0.3) (0.1) Unrecognized tax expense (benefit) 0.1 (0.2) — Tax-exempt income and expenses not deductible (3.8) 0.2 (0.3) Foreign branch tax 2.0 4.1 0.1 Valuation allowance (4.3) (20.8) 0.6 Tax legislation change (21.9) — (0.3) Other 0.1 (3.0) (1.7) Actual tax rate (16.5) % (4.7) % 5.0 % Following the enactment in 2023 of the CIT Act, a net $432 million deferred tax asset was recorded as described in further detail above. This had a 21.9 point reduction on the effective tax rate in 2023 and is included within the Tax legislation change line in the table above. The components of net tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Net tax assets $ 563,368 $ 160,634 Net tax liabilities (57,584) (38,576) Net tax assets $ 505,784 $ 122,058 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Net current tax assets $ 109,538 $ 108,836 Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) 408,884 23,931 Net unrecognized tax benefit (12,638) (10,709) Net tax assets $ 505,784 $ 122,058 Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax impact of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes. Significant components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Deferred tax assets Foreign tax credit carryforwards $ 176,904 $ 211,023 Tax loss carryforwards 104,546 123,597 Unearned premiums 44,878 46,029 Coinsurance funds held 6,237 — Unrealized depreciation and timing differences on investments 96,108 170,720 Bermuda economic transition adjustment 487,265 — Other deferred tax assets 45,019 37,424 $ 960,957 $ 588,793 Valuation allowance (325,150) (386,525) Deferred tax assets $ 635,807 $ 202,268 Deferred tax liabilities Deferred acquisition costs $ 94,144 $ 92,459 Goodwill and other intangibles 55,067 55,882 Coinsurance reserves 16,065 — Discounting of loss reserves and adjustment to life policy reserves 44,406 7,928 Equalization reserves 13,732 8,235 Other deferred tax liabilities 3,509 13,833 Deferred tax liabilities $ 226,923 $ 178,337 Net deferred tax assets $ 408,884 $ 23,931 Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income in future periods. Although realization is not assured, management believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The valuation allowance recorded at December 31, 2023 relates to a foreign tax credit carryforward of $177 million in Ireland, a net unrealized investment loss position in the United States generating a deferred tax asset of $114 million, and net deferred tax assets of $32 million in the United States. The valuation allowance recorded at December 31, 2022 relates to a foreign tax credit carryforward of $211 million in Ireland, a net unrealized investment loss position in the United States generating a deferred tax asset of $148 million, and net deferred tax assets of $12 million in the United States, $11 million in the United Kingdom and $5 million in Canada. At December 31, 2023, the deferred tax assets included $27 million in aggregate tax loss carryforwards (after valuation allowance) including: $15 million in Singapore, $6 million in the United Kingdom, $3 million in Switzerland and $3 million in the United States. At December 31, 2022, the deferred tax assets included $76 million in aggregate tax loss carryforwards (after valuation allowance) including: $26 million in Switzerland, $20 million in Singapore, $10 million in the United States, $2 million in Hong Kong, $2 million in United Kingdom and $1 million in Canada. The loss carryforwards at both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 can be carried forward for an unlimited period of time except Canada which is limited to twenty years and Switzerland which is limited to seven years. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 10,709 $ 9,276 $ 10,272 Changes in tax positions taken during a prior year 4,773 1,933 (200) Settlements (2,547) — — Impact of the change in foreign currency exchange rates (297) (500) (796) Balance at December 31 $ 12,638 $ 10,709 $ 9,276 For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no new uncertain tax positions taken. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would create a temporary difference between the reported amount of an item in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and its tax basis. The Company recognizes interest and penalties as Income tax expense (benefit) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. At December 31, 2023, $5 million of unrecognized tax benefits are expected to reverse within twelve months.

Share-Based Incentives

Share-Based Incentives	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Share-Based Incentives	Share-Based Incentives The Company is authorized to issue Class C common shares (Class C shares) and restricted share units to certain executives and directors of the Company. Prior to the adoption of the Class C shares and related restricted share unit plan in 2021, the Company was authorized to issue restricted Class B common shares (Class B shares) which ranked pari passu with Class C shares in all respects. Class C Shares and Restricted Share Unit Plan During 2021, the Company designated a new class of voting Class C shares and also adopted a related restricted share unit plan and French sub-plan (collectively the “RSU Plan”). The RSU Plan provides for the award of restricted share units to certain executives of the Company (each a “Participant”). Effective January 1, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors approved the Second Amended and Restated 2021 Restricted Share Unit Plan. Grants under the RSU Plan are split evenly between restricted share units and performance share units (collectively referred to as RSUs) which are adjusted for personal performance (range of 75% to 125% of target) and Company performance (range of 50% to 150% of target), respectively, after one year following the date of grant. RSUs are generally granted on March 1 of a given year, and the target number of RSUs initially granted is determined based on a long-term incentive (“LTI”) target award amount divided by the latest U.S. GAAP book value (or common shareholder’s equity) per share published as of December 31. The RSUs are granted at $nil consideration and cliff vest after a three year vesting period from the date of grant, in accordance with the terms set out in the RSU Agreement and the RSU Plan provided to the Participant. An acceleration of the vesting period will occur under certain circumstances, including death or permanent disability of the Participant or change of control for the Company. Notwithstanding these provisions, the Company's Board of Directors has authority to accelerate the vesting period at its own discretion. The RSUs are eligible for imputed dividends which are subject to the same forfeiture provisions as the related RSUs. RSUs do not entitle the holder to any voting rights for the Company. RSUs are settled in unrestricted Class C shares following the vesting date. Class C shares can also be purchased by or granted to certain executives or non-executive directors of the Company, provided requisite approvals have been granted, at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors. Purchases of Class C shares are based on the latest U.S. GAAP book value as of the applicable valuation date. Unrestricted Class C shares can be sold back to the Company at a redemption price based on the Company’s U.S. GAAP book value per share as of the applicable valuation date, at the discretion of the Company as further defined in the RSU Agreement and RSU Plan. The RSU Plan requires that the Participant can only sell Class C shares back to the Company provided that the Participant at a minimum holds cumulative Class C shares and RSUs in the lesser amount of (i) two times their gross annual LTI target value or (ii) $1,000,000, unless otherwise agreed (the “Minimum Holding Requirement”). Class B Shares During 2017, the Company designated a class of voting Class B shares. Prior to the approval of the Class C shares and related RSU Plan in 2021, Class B shares could either be purchased by or granted to certain executives or non-executive directors of the Company at the discretion of the Company in line with the provisions set out in the Class B Certificate of Designation, or any sub-plan or addendum thereto. Effective 2021, the Company no longer grants Class B shares or authorizes new purchases of Class B shares. All Class B shares were extinguished in 2022 and there were no longer any Class B shares issued or outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Summary of Activity Restricted Class B shares, Class C shares and RSUs granted are recognized at fair value over the requisite service period. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur rather than estimating service-based forfeitures over the requisite service period. In July 2022, Covéa Coopérations completed the acquisition of PartnerRe Ltd. from Exor. Upon the change of control, all Class B shares, Class C shares and RSUs vested and were repurchased by the Company, with the exception of Class C shares and RSUs issued in 2022. The repurchase price for all Class B shares, Class C shares and RSUs was based on a valuation utilizing the Covéa Coopérations acquisition purchase price per share of the Company. The Company's total settlement amount paid upon change of control was $43 million, net of $3 million of tax withholding, which included $40 million paid for granted shares and RSUs and $3 million for certain shares that were previously purchased by executives and directors of the Company. Included in Accounts payable, accrued expense and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was a liability of $27 million for Class C Shares and RSUs at December 31, 2023, and a liability of $7 million for Class C shares and RSUs at December 31, 2022. The compensation expense related to Class B shares, Class C shares and RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $21 million, $29 million and $13 million, respectively, included in Other expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. The 2022 expense included the impact of accelerated vesting of Class B shares, Class C shares and RSUs due to the change of control. As of December 31, 2023, there was $16 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs, which will be recognized on a weighted average basis during the next 1.5 years. The following tables provide activity summaries of the Company's Class B shares, Class C shares, and RSUs outstanding: RSUs (1) Outstanding December 31, 2020 — Granted 263,214 Outstanding December 31, 2021 263,214 Forfeitures (2,964) Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control (260,250) Granted 265,805 Outstanding December 31, 2022 265,805 Forfeitures (29,044) Vested (42,838) Granted 222,093 Outstanding December 31, 2023 416,016 (1) For RSUs, the number of grants in the table are shown at the maximum number that can be attained if the performance conditions are fully met for personal and Company performance. Forfeitures represent adjustments to grants falling below the maximum attainable as a result of not fully meeting the performance conditions. Restricted Class C shares Unrestricted Class C shares Total Class C shares Outstanding December 31, 2020 — — — Granted 7,373 — 7,373 Purchased — 2,072 2,072 Outstanding December 31, 2021 7,373 2,072 9,445 Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control (7,373) (5,819) (13,192) Granted 7,666 3,747 11,413 Outstanding December 31, 2022 7,666 — 7,666 Granted 7,722 — 7,722 RSUs and imputed dividends settled in Class C shares — 44,459 44,459 Outstanding December 31, 2023 15,388 44,459 59,847 Restricted Class B shares Unrestricted Class B shares Total Class B shares Outstanding December 31, 2020 189,166 85,498 274,664 Repurchased (29,048) (22,957) (52,005) Expiration of restricted period (20,298) 20,298 — Outstanding December 31, 2021 139,820 82,839 222,659 Expiration of restricted period (32,168) 32,168 — Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control (107,652) (115,007) (222,659) Outstanding December 31, 2022 — — — Outstanding December 31, 2023 — — —

Retirement Benefit Arrangements

Retirement Benefit Arrangements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Retirement Benefit Arrangements	Retirement Benefit Arrangements For employee retirement benefits, the Company maintains certain defined contribution plans and other active and frozen defined benefit plans. Defined Contribution Plans Contributions are made by the Company, and in some locations, these contributions are supplemented by the local plan participants. Contributions are based on a percentage of the participant’s base salary depending upon competitive local market practice and vesting provisions meeting legal compliance standards and market trends. The accumulated benefits for the majority of these plans vest immediately or over a period of up to four years. As required by law, certain retirement plans also provide for death and disability benefits and lump sum indemnities to employees upon retirement. The Company incurred expenses for these defined contribution arrangements of $14 million, $13 million, and $13 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, included within Other expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Active Defined Benefit Plan The majority of the defined benefit obligation at December 31, 2023 relates to a hybrid plan accounted for as a defined benefit plan under U.S. GAAP for the Company’s Zurich office employees (the Zurich Plan). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the funded status of the Zurich Plan was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 Underfunded pension obligation at beginning of year $ 9,538 $ 32,636 Change in pension obligation Service cost $ 7,300 $ 8,746 Interest cost 3,707 373 Plan participants’ contributions 4,194 3,792 Actuarial losses (gains) 18,002 (37,992) Plan amendments (2,606) — Benefits paid 1,775 (4,576) Foreign currency adjustments 18,500 (3,736) Settlements (13,064) — Change in pension obligation $ 37,808 $ (33,393) Change in fair value of plan assets Actual return on plan assets $ 5,590 $ (14,936) Employer contributions 8,396 7,658 Plan participants’ contributions 4,194 3,792 Benefits paid 1,775 (4,576) Foreign currency adjustments 16,658 (2,233) Settlements (13,064) — Change in fair value of plan assets $ 23,549 $ (10,295) Underfunded pension obligation at end of year $ 23,797 $ 9,538 Additional information: Projected benefit obligation at end of year (1) $ 207,336 $ 169,527 Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 183,539 $ 159,989 Underfunded pension obligation at end of year $ 23,797 $ 9,538 Accumulated pension obligation at end of year (2) $ 200,462 $ 167,560 (1) Represents the actuarial present value of all benefits attributed to employee service rendered to December 31, measured using assumptions as to future compensation levels (2) Represents the actuarial present value of benefits (whether vested or non-vested) attributed to employee service rendered and compensation to December 31, with no assumption about future compensation levels At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the underfunded pension obligation of $24 million and $10 million, respectively, was included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amounts included in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were cumulative losses of $8 million (net of $2 million of taxes) and cumulative gains of $6 million (net of $1 million of taxes), respectively. The net periodic benefit cost reported in Other expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $3 million, $1 million and $8 million, respectively. The projected benefit obligation increased by $38 million during 2023, due primarily to an update of actuarial assumptions of $18 million to reflect a decline in discount rates, and foreign currency adjustments of $19 million due to the strengthening in the value of the Swiss Franc versus the U.S. dollar during the year, partially offset by $13 million of settlements. This was offset by increases of the fair value of plan assets of $24 million, driven by $17 million in foreign currency adjustments and $8 million in employer contributions, partially offset by $13 million of settlements. In 2022, the decrease in the projected benefit obligation was driven by an update of actuarial assumptions primarily to reflect an increase in discount rates during the year. This was offset by decreases to the fair value of plan assets of $10 million, due primarily to the actual return on plan assets during the year, partially offset by $8 million in employer contributions. The investment strategy for the plan is to achieve a consistent long-term return, which will provide sufficient funding for future pension obligations while limiting risk. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on the expected asset allocation and assumptions concerning long-term interest rates, inflation rates and risk premiums for equities above the risk-free rates of return. These assumptions take into consideration historical long-term rates of return for the relevant asset categories. The investment strategy is reviewed regularly. The Zurich Plan is a partially insured scheme participating in a single investment pool under the pension provider. As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the coverage ratio was 103% and 101%, respectively, based on the performance of the assets. The fair value of the Zurich Plan’s assets, comprised of an investment pool of funds and including cash, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $184 million and $160 million, respectively. The partially insured funds comprise the accumulated pension plan contributions and investment returns thereon. These funds meet the definition of Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy as defined in Note 4(a). The actual return on plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was a gain of $6 million, loss of $15 million, and gain of $7 million, respectively. The assumptions used to determine the Zurich Plan’s pension obligation and net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Pension Net periodic Pension Net periodic Pension Net periodic Discount rate 1.30 % 2.20 % 2.20 % 0.20 % 0.20 % 0.10 % Interest crediting rate 1.30 % 2.20 % 2.20 % 1.00 % 1.00 % 1.00 % Expected long-term return on plan assets — 5.00 % — 4.25 % — 3.50 % Rate of compensation increase 2.25 % 2.25 % 2.25 % 2.00 % 2.00 % 2.00 % At December 31, 2023, estimated employer contributions to be paid in 2024 related to the Zurich Plan were $8 million and future benefit payments were estimated to be paid as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Year Amount 2024 $ 13,455 2025 $ 11,660 2026 $ 12,846 2027 $ 11,225 2028 $ 10,689 2029 to 2033 $ 57,052

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies (a) Concentration of Credit Risk Fixed maturities The Company’s investment portfolio is managed following prudent standards of diversification and a prudent investment philosophy. The Company is not exposed to any significant credit concentration risk on its investments, except for debt securities issued by the U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises and other highly rated non-U.S. sovereign governments’ securities. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, other than the U.S. government and U.S. government sponsored enterprises, the Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio did not contain exposure to any non-U.S. sovereign government or any other issuer that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s shareholders’ equity. The Company keeps cash and cash equivalents in several banks and ensures that there are no significant concentrations of credit risk in any one bank. Derivatives The Company’s investment strategy allows for the use of derivative instruments, subject to strict limitations. Derivative instruments may be used to replicate investment positions and for the purpose of managing overall currency risk, market exposures and portfolio duration, for hedging certain investments, or for enhancing investment performance that would be allowed under the Company’s investment policy if implemented in other ways. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to the Company’s derivative contracts. However, the Company diversifies the counterparties to its derivative contracts to reduce credit risk, and because the counterparties to these contracts are high credit quality international banks, the Company does not anticipate non-performance. These contracts are generally of short duration and settle on a net basis. The difference between the contract amounts and the related market value represents the Company’s maximum credit exposure. Underwriting operations The Company is also exposed to credit risk in its underwriting operations, most notably in the credit/surety line. Loss experience in these lines of business is cyclical and is affected by the state of the general economic environment. The Company provides its clients in these lines of business with reinsurance protection against credit deterioration, defaults or other types of financial non-performance of or by the underlying credits that are the subject of the reinsurance provided and, accordingly, the Company is exposed to the credit risk of those credits. The Company mitigates the risks associated with these credit-sensitive lines of business through the use of risk management techniques such as risk diversification, careful monitoring of risk aggregations and accumulations and, at times, through the use of retrocessional reinsurance protection and the purchase of credit default, total return and interest rate swaps. The Company has exposure to credit risk as it relates to its business written through brokers, if any of the Company’s brokers is unable to fulfill their contractual obligations with respect to payments to the Company. In addition, in some jurisdictions, if the broker fails to make payments to the insured under the Company’s policy, the Company might remain liable to the insured for the deficiency. The Company’s exposure to such credit risk is somewhat mitigated in certain jurisdictions by contractual terms. The Company has exposure to credit risk related to reinsurance balances receivable, reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, funds held by reinsured companies and deposit assets. The credit risk exposure related to these balances is mitigated by several factors, including but not limited to, credit checks performed as part of the underwriting process, monitoring of aged receivable balances and, in certain cases, the contractual right to offset amounts payable by the Company to the counterparty against amounts due to the Company from the counterparty. In assessing future default for reinsurance balances receivable, the Company evaluates the valuation allowance under the loss rate method and utilizes historic loss activity, adjusted for its assessment of current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts on loss rates. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's allowance for credit losses for its reinsurance balances receivable was $11 million and $12 million, respectively. In assessing an allowance for funds held by reinsured companies and deposit assets, the Company considers historical information and the financial strength and credit ratings of counterparties to determine the appropriateness of the allowance. In assessing future default for these balances, the Company evaluates the valuation allowance under the probability of default and loss given default method and utilizes counterparty credit ratings from major rating agencies, as well as assessing the current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the likelihood of default. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's allowance for credit losses was $4 million for funds held by reinsured companies and $1 million for deposit assets, respectively. See Note 12 for discussion of credit risk related to reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses. (b) Lease Arrangements The Company leases office space under operating leases expiring in various years through 2038. At the lease commencement, the Company determines the classification of each lease as either a finance lease or an operating lease. The Company currently only has leases classified as operating and the lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Variable lease payments are excluded from these lease payments to the extent they are not based on consumer price index or a market index and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Many of the Company's lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease at the discretion of the Company, and are reflected in the lease measurement only if the Company is reasonably certain of exercising those options. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, such as common-area maintenance costs. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for lease components together with non-lease components as a single lease component for all real estate leases. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The following table summarizes the balances related to the Company's total lease expense and provides supplemental other information related to operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 Operating lease costs $ 13,478 $ 12,437 Variable lease costs 1,660 1,292 Sublease income (140) — Total lease costs $ 14,998 $ 13,729 Other information: Operating lease right-of-use assets (1) $ 68,400 $ 71,174 Operating lease liabilities (2) $ 78,881 $ 79,925 Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, non-cash $ 6,517 $ 4,016 Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 13,834 $ 13,545 Weighted-average remaining lease term on operating leases (3) 7.4 Yrs 7.8 Yrs Weighted-average discount rate on operating leases (4) 2.5 % 2.3 % (1) Included in Other assets (2) Included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other (3) Weighted-average remaining lease term is calculated on the basis of the remaining lease term and the lease liability balance for each lease as of the reporting date (4) Weighted-average discount rate is calculated on the basis of the discount rate for the lease that was used to calculate the lease liability balance for each lease as of the reporting date and the remaining balance of the lease payments for each lease as of the reporting date The following table shows the contractual maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Year Expected cash flows 2024 $ 14,806 2025 14,364 2026 14,203 2027 13,025 2028 8,796 2029 to 2038 20,499 Discount (6,812) Total discounted operating lease liabilities $ 78,881 (c) Other Agreements The Company has entered into maintenance agreements and service agreements that provide for business and information technology support and computer equipment. Future payments under these contracts amount to $34 million, with $23 million and $5 million to be paid during 2024 and 2025, respectively, and the remainder to be paid through to 2029. The Company has entered into certain investments, including investments in VIEs (see Note 5(e)), with unfunded capital commitments. As of December 31, 2023, the Company expects to fund capital commitments totaling $522 million with $230 million, $105 million, $66 million, $43 million, and $39 million expected to be paid during 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively. In exchange for a fee, the Company has committed to provide statutory reserve support to a third party by funding loans if certain events occur. At December 31, 2023, the Company does not believe that it will be required to provide any funding under this commitment, as the occurrence of the defined events is considered remote. (d) Legal Proceedings Litigation The Company’s reinsurance subsidiaries, and the insurance and reinsurance industry in general, are subject to litigation and arbitration in the normal course of their business operations. In addition to claims litigation and disputes, the Company and its subsidiaries may be subject to lawsuits and regulatory actions in the normal course of business that do not arise from or directly relate to claims on reinsurance contracts. While the outcome of any such litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company will dispute all allegations against the Company and/or its subsidiaries that management believes are without merit. In March 2019, a cedant (“the Cedant”) brought a motion for a declaratory judgment against the Company seeking a declaration that the Cedant had properly exercised its right, pursuant to an agreement between the parties, to recapture certain portfolios of life reinsurance contracts that the Cedant had retroceded to the Company. In February 2021, the Company reached a settlement with the Cedant.

Credit Agreements

Credit Agreements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Line of Credit Facility [Abstract]
Credit Agreements	Credit Agreements In the normal course of its operations, the Company enters into agreements with financial institutions to obtain unsecured and secured letter of credit facilities. At December 31, 2023, the total amount of such credit facilities available to the Company was approximately $1,027 million, with the significant facilities as follows: • $400 million combined credit facility, with the first $100 million being unsecured and any further utilization secured. This credit facility matures each year on October 23, and automatically extends for a further year, unless canceled by either counterparty. • $250 million secured credit facility, that reduces to $150 million on and after March 31, 2024 and matures on December 31, 2024. • $200 million secured credit facility, that matures each year on December 21, and automatically extends for a further year unless canceled by either counterparty. • $175 million unsecured credit facility (of which $50 million is committed and $125 million is uncommitted), that matures on December 19, 2026. Under the terms of certain reinsurance agreements, irrevocable letters of credit were issued for a total of $130 million on an unsecured basis and $480 million on a secured basis at December 31, 2023 in respect of losses and unearned premium reserves. The committed secured credit facilities maintained by the Company are used for the issuance of letters of credit which must be fully secured with either cash, government bonds and/or investment grade bonds. The agreements include default covenants, which could require the Company to fully secure the outstanding letters of credit to the extent that the facility is not already fully secured and/or result in the Company not being allowed to issue any new letters of credit. At December 31, 2023, no conditions of default existed under these facilities.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions The transactions between related parties discussed below were entered into at arm's-length. (a) Transactions with Covéa Group Covéa Coopérations is part of the Covéa Group, which meets the definition of a related party. In this context, the Covéa Group covers Covéa (the parent company of the Covéa Group, whose legal form is "SGAM" i.e. a mutual insurance group company), its affiliated mutual companies, Covéa Coopérations, and their subsidiaries and affiliates included in their consolidated financial statements. During 2023, the Company declared and paid to the Covéa Coopérations common share dividends totaling $200 million. During 2022, no common share dividends were declared and paid to Covéa Coopérations. In addition to the common share dividends, a deemed dividend was paid to Covéa Coopérations during 2023 of $18 million related to the Company acquiring renewal rights associated with an identified set of reinsurance treaties written by Covéa Coopérations. The Company is providing run-off services to Covéa Coopérations for the related in-force business until the natural expiry of those policies. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company earned $3 million related to services provided which was recognized as a receivable at the year end. In the normal course of its underwriting activities, the Company entered into assumed reinsurance agreements with certain affiliates of the Covéa Group. Included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 were the following transactions related to the Covéa Group (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 Gross premiums written $ 10,759 Net premiums written $ 10,759 Decrease in unearned premiums $ 305 Net premiums earned $ 11,064 Losses and loss expenses $ 21,697 Acquisition costs $ 33 Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were the following balances related to the Covéa Group (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 Reinsurance balances receivable $ 3,781 $ 3,169 Non-life reserves $ 107,736 $ 95,013 Life and health reserves $ 5,798 $ 1,175 Unearned premiums $ 335 $ 571 Other reinsurance balances payable $ 206 $ 106 Upon close of the acquisition of the Company's common shares by Covéa Coopérations in 2022, the Covéa Group sold its interest in the Company's third-party capital vehicles. (b) Transactions with EXOR Prior to the acquisition of the Company's common shares by Covéa Coopérations in 2022, EXOR was a related party to PartnerRe. The following transactions occurred during EXOR's ownership of the Company. During 2022 and 2021, the Company declared and paid to EXOR Nederland N.V. common share dividends totaling $178 million and $107 million, respectively. In the normal course of its investment operations, the Company bought or held securities of companies affiliated with the Company, including the following: • In 2021, the Company invested in two Exor managed funds. Net unrealized losses related to these funds of $72 million were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 (including $34 million pre-acquisition), compared to net unrealized gains of $115 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. • In 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Exor to invest in a newly formed limited partnership, Exor Seeds L.P. During 2021, the Company sold its interest in Exor Seeds L.P. to Exor S.A. at a transaction price of $51 million. • In 2017, the Company invested $500 million in two Exor managed public equity funds. In conjunction with the acquisition of the Company by Covéa Coopérations in 2022, the Company sold a portion of these funds to EXOR for total consideration of $772 million, resulting in a realized gain of $450 million, the majority of which was included in unrealized gains in prior periods. Net realized and unrealized investment gains related to these funds of $40 million (including $24 million of losses pre-acquisition) and $115 million were recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company was a party to various agreements with Exor whereby Exor provided services in exchange for fees as follows: • advisory services related to certain real estate investments where the Company paid approximately $265 thousand and $433 thousand for services rendered in 2022 and 2021, respectively. This agreement is terminated effective June 30, 2024. • investment advisory services and use of certain office space, where the Company paid $175 thousand related to services provided in 2021. This agreement was terminated in 2021. • certain advisory services for a fee of $184 thousand for 2022 and $350 thousand for 2021. This agreement terminated in 2022 in conjunction with the acquisition of the Company by Covéa Coopérations. • consulting services related to certain investments such as alternative fixed income, real estate, public equity and private equity funds as well as co-invest opportunities. The related consulting service agreement was effective April 1, 2021 and the Company paid $3.9 million and $2.6 million related to services provided in 2022 and 2021, respectively. This agreement was terminated effective March 31, 2023. Following the acquisition of the Company's common shares by Covéa Coopérations in 2022, EXOR is no longer a related party to PartnerRe. (c) Other

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	Segment Information The Company monitors the performance of its operations in three segments: Property and Casualty (P&C), Specialty and Life and Health. The business in the P&C and Specialty segments is collectively referred to as Non-life business. P&C, Specialty and Life and Health each separately represent markets that are reasonably homogeneous in terms of client types, buying patterns, underlying risk patterns and approach to risk management. The P&C segment is comprised of property and casualty business underwritten, including property catastrophe, facultative and U.S. health risks. The Specialty segment is comprised of specialty business underwritten, including treaty and facultative contracts. The Life and Health segment is comprised of mortality, morbidity, longevity and financial reinsurance solutions businesses. Management measures results for the P&C and Specialty segments on the basis of the loss ratio, acquisition ratio, technical ratio, other expense ratio and combined ratio (all defined below). Management measures results for the Life and Health segment on the basis of the allocated underwriting result, which includes underwriting result and net investment income allocated to life business. The segment results for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are presented below (in millions of U.S. dollars, except ratios). Segment Information For the year ended December 31, 2023 P&C Specialty Total Life Corporate Total Gross premiums written $ 4,771 $ 2,223 $ 6,994 $ 2,108 $ — $ 9,102 Net premiums written $ 3,909 $ 1,939 $ 5,848 $ 2,081 $ — $ 7,929 Decrease (increase) in unearned premiums 37 (47) (10) — — (10) Net premiums earned $ 3,946 $ 1,892 $ 5,838 $ 2,081 $ — $ 7,919 Losses and loss expenses (2,196) (986) (3,182) (1,808) — (4,990) Acquisition costs (960) (494) (1,454) (109) — (1,563) Technical result $ 790 $ 412 $ 1,202 $ 164 $ — $ 1,366 Other income — — — 40 1 41 Other expenses (92) (39) (131) (118) (214) (463) Underwriting result $ 698 $ 373 $ 1,071 $ 86 n/a $ 944 Net investment income 73 573 646 Allocated underwriting result $ 159 n/a n/a Market risk benefit gains 7 7 Net realized and unrealized investment gains 517 517 Interest expense (58) (58) Amortization of intangible assets (8) (8) Net foreign exchange losses (43) (43) Income tax benefit 328 328 Interest in losses of equity method investments (15) (15) Net income n/a $ 2,318 Loss ratio (1) 55.7 % 52.1 % 54.5 % Acquisition ratio (2) 24.3 26.1 24.9 Technical ratio (3) 80.0 % 78.2 % 79.4 % Other expense ratio (4) 2.3 2.1 2.2 Combined ratio (5) 82.3 % 80.3 % 81.6 % (1) Loss ratio is obtained by dividing losses and loss expenses by net premiums earned. (2) Acquisition ratio is obtained by dividing acquisition costs by net premiums earned. (3) Technical ratio is defined as the sum of the loss ratio and the acquisition ratio. (4) Other expense ratio is obtained by dividing other expenses by net premiums earned. (5) Combined ratio is defined as the sum of the technical ratio and the other expense ratio. Segment Information For the year ended December 31, 2022 P&C Specialty Total Life Corporate Total Gross premiums written $ 5,025 $ 1,990 $ 7,015 $ 1,674 $ — $ 8,689 Net premiums written $ 4,234 $ 1,665 $ 5,899 $ 1,645 $ — $ 7,544 (Increase) decrease in unearned premiums (293) 5 (288) 1 — (287) Net premiums earned $ 3,941 $ 1,670 $ 5,611 $ 1,646 $ — $ 7,257 Losses and loss expenses (2,410) (903) (3,313) (1,413) — (4,726) Acquisition costs (995) (435) (1,430) (107) — (1,537) Technical result $ 536 $ 332 $ 868 $ 126 $ — $ 994 Other income — — — 39 1 40 Other expenses (84) (35) (119) (93) (203) (415) Underwriting result $ 452 $ 297 $ 749 $ 72 n/a $ 619 Net investment income 74 324 398 Allocated underwriting result $ 146 n/a n/a Market risk benefit gains 121 121 Net realized and unrealized investment losses (1,969) (1,969) Interest expense (55) (55) Amortization of intangible assets (9) (9) Net foreign exchange losses (14) (14) Income tax expense (42) (42) Interest in earnings of equity method investments 11 11 Net loss n/a $ (940) Loss ratio 61.2 % 54.1 % 59.0 % Acquisition ratio 25.2 26.0 25.5 Technical ratio 86.4 % 80.1 % 84.5 % Other expense ratio 2.1 2.1 2.1 Combined ratio 88.5 % 82.2 % 86.6 % Segment Information For the year ended December 31, 2021 P&C Specialty Total Life Corporate Total Gross premiums written $ 4,541 $ 2,016 $ 6,557 $ 1,647 $ — $ 8,204 Net premiums written 3,722 1,789 5,511 1,623 — 7,134 (Increase) decrease in unearned premiums (194) 13 (181) 4 — (177) Net premiums earned $ 3,528 $ 1,802 $ 5,330 $ 1,627 $ — $ 6,957 Losses and loss expenses (2,391) (1,052) (3,443) (1,408) — (4,851) Acquisition costs (864) (415) (1,279) (113) — (1,392) Technical result $ 273 $ 335 $ 608 $ 106 $ — $ 714 Other income — — — 26 3 29 Other expenses (71) (30) (101) (88) (210) (399) Underwriting result $ 202 $ 305 $ 507 $ 44 n/a $ 344 Net investment income 81 295 376 Allocated underwriting result $ 125 n/a n/a Market risk benefit gains 20 20 Net realized and unrealized investment gains 38 38 Interest expense (56) (56) Amortization of intangible assets (9) (9) Net foreign exchange losses (36) (36) Income tax expense (40) (40) Interest in earnings of equity method investments 127 127 Net income n/a $ 764 Loss ratio 67.8 % 58.4 % 64.6 % Acquisition ratio 24.5 23.0 24.0 Technical ratio 92.3 % 81.4 % 88.6 % Other expense ratio 2.0 1.7 1.9 Combined ratio 94.3 % 83.1 % 90.5 % The following table provides the geographic distribution of gross premiums written by region for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages): 2023 2022 2021 North America $ 5,089 56 % $ 5,040 58 % $ 4,649 57 % Europe 2,916 32 2,592 30 2,410 29 Asia, Australia and New Zealand 744 8 720 8 814 10 Latin America and the Caribbean 249 3 223 3 189 2 Middle East, Africa, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 104 1 114 1 142 2 Total $ 9,102 100 % $ 8,689 100 % $ 8,204 100 % The following table provides the gross premiums written by segment and line of business for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages): 2023 2022 2021 P&C Casualty $ 2,391 $ 2,777 $ 2,145 Catastrophe 1,077 933 924 Property 783 764 809 U.S. health 355 355 351 Multiline and other 105 119 183 Motor 60 77 129 Total P&C $ 4,771 $ 5,025 $ 4,541 Specialty Financial risks $ 693 $ 634 $ 510 Property 449 240 277 Energy 406 346 314 Aviation and space 360 362 416 Marine 203 223 174 Agriculture 47 101 205 Engineering 34 39 100 Multiline and other 31 45 20 Total Specialty $ 2,223 $ 1,990 $ 2,016 Life and Health $ 2,108 $ 1,674 $ 1,647 Total $ 9,102 $ 8,689 $ 8,204 The Company produces its business both through brokers and through direct relationships with insurance company clients. None of the Company’s cedants individually accounted for more than 10% of total gross premiums written during each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company has two brokers that individually accounted for 10% or more of its gross premiums written during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Aon PLC 26 % 26 % 24 % Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc 25 % 30 % 28 % The following table summarizes the percentage of gross premiums written through these two brokers by segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: 2023 2022 2021 P&C 65 % 67 % 63 % Specialty 65 % 70 % 66 % Life and Health 5 % 6 % 6 %

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On February 15, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a dividend for the period December 15, 2023 – March 14, 2024 of $0.3046875 per share on the Company’s 4.875% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares, Series J. The dividend was payable on March 15, 2024 to shareholders of record on February 29, 2024.

SCHEDULE I - Consolidated Summa

SCHEDULE I - Consolidated Summary of Investments Other Than Investments in Related Parties	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Abstract]
Consolidated Summary of Investments Other Than Investments in Related Parties	PartnerRe Ltd. Consolidated Summary of Investments Other Than Investments in Related Parties at December 31, 2023 (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) Type of investment Cost (1) Fair Value Amount at which shown in Fixed maturities U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises $ 1,972,264 $ 1,736,952 $ 1,736,952 U.S. states, territories and municipalities 51,350 51,642 51,642 Non-U.S. sovereign government, supranational and government related 1,909,275 1,780,318 1,780,318 Corporate bonds 7,309,854 6,777,767 6,777,767 Asset-backed securities 15,022 15,022 15,022 Residential mortgage-backed securities 5,346,928 4,728,355 4,728,355 Fixed maturities $ 16,604,693 $ 15,090,056 $ 15,090,056 Equities Common stocks Banks, trust and insurance companies $ 93,942 $ 39,141 $ 39,141 Industrial, miscellaneous and all other 423,149 860,189 860,189 Nonredeemable preferred stocks 15,393 17,840 17,840 Equities $ 532,484 $ 917,170 $ 917,170 Short-term investments $ 1,032,895 $ 1,020,257 $ 1,020,257 Other invested assets (2) $ 3,251,412 $ 3,464,839 Investments in real estate (3) $ — $ 56,188 Total $ 20,278,895 $ 20,548,510 (1) Original cost of fixed maturities reduced by repayments and adjusted for amortization of premiums or accrual of discounts. Original cost of equity securities. (2) Other invested assets shown in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Item 18 also includes the Company’s investments accounted for using the equity method of accounting of $213 million. (3) Investments in real estate are carried at original cost less any impairments.

SCHEDULE II - Condensed Financi

SCHEDULE II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only	SCHEDULE II PartnerRe Ltd. Condensed Financial Information of Registrant Condensed Balance Sheets—Parent Company Only (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except parenthetical share and per share data) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assets Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $95,252; 2022, $90,171) $ 80,936 $ 73,642 Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $2,487; 2022, $nil) 2,487 — Cash and cash equivalents 3,052 3,814 Investments in subsidiaries 10,388,510 8,749,966 Intercompany loans and balances receivable 22,504 18,546 Other 18,873 21,042 Total assets $ 10,516,362 $ 8,867,010 Liabilities Intercompany loans and balances payable (1) $ 2,034,176 $ 2,423,951 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other 57,765 45,740 Total liabilities 2,091,941 2,469,691 Shareholders’ Equity Common shares (par value $0.00000001; issued and outstanding: 100,000,000 shares) — — Preferred shares (par value $1.00; issued and outstanding: 8,000,000 shares; aggregate liquidation value: $200,000) 8,000 8,000 Additional paid-in capital 1,929,934 1,929,934 Accumulated other comprehensive income 7,527 70,879 Retained earnings 6,478,960 4,388,506 Total shareholders’ equity 8,424,421 6,397,319 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 10,516,362 $ 8,867,010 (1) The parent has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Finance B LLC and PartnerRe Finance Ireland DAC, a direct 100% owned subsidiary of the parent, related to the issuance of the 3.700% senior notes and 1.250% senior notes, respectively. The parent’s obligations under these guarantees are senior and unsecured and rank equally with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of the parent. The parent has also fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Finance II Inc. and PartnerRe Finance B LLC, both indirect 100% owned finance subsidiaries of the parent, related to the remaining $62 million aggregate principal amount of Fixed-to-Floating Rate junior subordinated CENts, with an annual rate of 3-month SOFR plus a margin equal to 2.325% and an additional spread adjustment of 0.26161% (due to the transition of the benchmark from LIBOR), and $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.500% Fixed-Rate Reset junior subordinated notes, respectively. The parent’s obligations under these guarantees are unsecured junior subordinated obligations and rank junior in right of payment to all of the parent's outstanding and future senior indebtedness, and equally in right of payment with all outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness that is by its terms equal in right of payment to the junior subordinated notes. SCHEDULE II PartnerRe Ltd. Condensed Financial Information of Registrant - Continued Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) —Parent Company Only (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) For the year ended December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Revenues Net investment income $ 2,612 $ 1,851 $ 2,496 Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) 1,713 (15,406) (16,730) Other income 108 106 148 Total revenues 4,433 (13,449) (14,086) Expenses Other expenses 51,302 73,046 55,996 Interest expense on intercompany loans 46,993 33,408 35,204 Net foreign exchange losses (gains) 53,800 (65,165) (79,696) Total expenses 152,095 41,289 11,504 Loss before equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries (147,662) (54,738) (25,590) Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries 2,465,781 (885,014) 789,778 Net income (loss) 2,318,119 (939,752) 764,188 Preferred dividends 9,750 9,750 22,693 Loss on redemption of preferred shares — — 21,234 Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholder $ 2,308,369 $ (949,502) $ 720,261 Comprehensive income (loss) Net income (loss) $ 2,318,119 $ (939,752) $ 764,188 Other comprehensive (loss) income (63,352) 167,287 124,217 Comprehensive income (loss) $ 2,254,767 $ (772,465) $ 888,405 SCHEDULE II PartnerRe Ltd. Condensed Financial Information of Registrant - Continued Condensed Statements of Cash Flows—Parent Company Only (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) For the year ended December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) $ 2,318,119 $ (939,752) $ 764,188 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: Equity in net (income) loss of subsidiaries (2,465,781) 885,014 (789,778) Other, net 101,969 41,810 (51,783) Net cash used in operating activities (45,693) (12,928) (77,373) Cash flows from investing activities Advances to/from subsidiaries, net (1) 52,631 22,213 100,426 Sales and redemptions of fixed maturities 6,483 11,290 481,015 Sales and redemptions of short-term investments 940 5,173 — Purchases of fixed maturities (11,613) (15,984) (62,239) Purchases of short-term investments (3,868) (5,173) — Other, net (2,078) (3,341) (8,465) Net cash provided by investing activities 42,495 14,178 510,737 Cash flows from financing activities (1) Issuance of preferred shares (2) — — 193,887 Redemption of preferred shares (2) — — (637,241) Net cash used in financing activities — — (443,354) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 2,436 576 1,958 Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (762) 1,826 (8,032) Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year 3,814 1,988 10,020 Cash and cash equivalents—end of year $ 3,052 $ 3,814 $ 1,988 (1) The following non-cash transactions were excluded from the Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only: a. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, dividends paid to common and preferred shareholders of $228 million, $188 million and $129 million, respectively, were paid by a Bermuda subsidiary on behalf of the parent, with a corresponding increase to intercompany balances payable. b. During 2023, the parent recorded non-cash dividends received from subsidiaries of $850 million, non-cash capital contributions to subsidiaries of $103 million, and a corresponding decrease in intercompany loan payable of $747 million. c. During 2022, the parent recorded a non-cash exchange of certain intercompany balances payable for an intercompany loan payable of $744 million. d. During 2022, the parent recorded non-cash dividends received from subsidiaries of $630 million, non-cash capital contributions to subsidiaries of $527 million and a corresponding decrease in intercompany balances payable of $103 million. e. During 2021, the parent recorded a non-cash dividend received from a subsidiary of $350 million, with a corresponding change to intercompany balances payable. (2) During 2021, the parent issued 8 million 4.875% Series J fixed rate non-cumulative redeemable preferred shares at a par value of $1.00 per share and a redemption price of $200 million, and incurred preferred share issuance costs of $6 million. The parent also redeemed all outstanding Series G, H and I preferred shares at $25 per share for an aggregate liquidation value of $637 million during 2021.

SCHEDULE III - Supplementary In

SCHEDULE III - Supplementary Insurance Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Abstract]
Supplementary Insurance Information	PartnerRe Ltd. Supplementary Insurance Information As of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Non-life Reserves Unearned Premiums Life and Health Reserves Premium Revenue Net Investment Income (1) Losses Incurred Acquisition Costs Other Expenses (2) Net Premiums Written 2023 Non-life $ 700,090 $ 13,151,309 $ 2,739,585 $ — $ 5,838,466 $ N/A $ 3,182,340 $ 1,454,373 $ 130,733 $ 5,848,323 Life and Health 320,614 — 2,170 2,859,257 2,080,294 73,091 1,807,868 108,734 118,404 2,080,589 Corporate and Other — — — — — 572,594 — — 214,248 — Total $ 1,020,704 $ 13,151,309 $ 2,741,755 $ 2,859,257 $ 7,918,760 $ 645,685 $ 4,990,208 $ 1,563,107 $ 463,385 $ 7,928,912 2022 Non-life $ 700,694 $ 12,725,631 $ 2,743,406 $ — $ 5,611,452 $ N/A $ 3,313,234 $ 1,430,121 $ 119,274 $ 5,898,750 Life and Health 311,373 — 1,965 2,497,519 1,645,665 73,656 1,412,638 107,092 92,919 1,645,445 Corporate and Other — — — — — 324,692 — — 202,683 — Total $ 1,012,067 $ 12,725,631 $ 2,745,371 $ 2,497,519 $ 7,257,117 $ 398,348 $ 4,725,872 $ 1,537,213 $ 414,876 $ 7,544,195 2021 Non-life $ 617,537 $ 12,047,792 $ 2,498,426 $ — $ 5,329,556 $ N/A $ 3,443,245 $ 1,279,039 $ 100,635 $ 5,510,828 Life and Health 298,787 — 2,735 2,785,382 1,626,966 81,226 1,407,795 112,463 88,069 1,623,190 Corporate and Other — — — — — 295,243 — — 209,838 — Total $ 916,324 $ 12,047,792 $ 2,501,161 $ 2,785,382 $ 6,956,522 $ 376,469 $ 4,851,040 $ 1,391,502 $ 398,542 $ 7,134,018 (1) Because the Company does not manage its assets by segment, net investment income is not allocated to the Non-life business of the reinsurance operations. However, because of the interest-sensitive nature of some of the Company’s Life products, net investment income is considered in management’s assessment of the profitability of the Life and Health segment. (2)

SCHEDULE IV - Reinsurance

SCHEDULE IV - Reinsurance	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-17, Insurance Companies, Reinsurance [Abstract]
Reinsurance	PartnerRe Ltd. Reinsurance For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) Gross amount Ceded to other companies Assumed from other companies Net amount Percentage of amount assumed to net 2023 Life reinsurance in force (1) $ — $ 26,041,527 $ 648,495,550 $ 622,454,023 104 % Premiums earned Life $ — $ 28,417 $ 2,075,330 $ 2,046,913 101 % Accident and health — — 33,381 33,381 100 % P&C (2) 372,230 1,176,865 6,643,101 5,838,466 114 % Total premiums $ 372,230 $ 1,205,282 $ 8,751,812 $ 7,918,760 111 % 2022 Life reinsurance in force (1) $ — $ 20,301,849 $ 529,438,861 $ 509,137,012 104 % Premiums earned Life $ — $ 28,426 $ 1,648,455 $ 1,620,029 102 % Accident and health — — 25,636 25,636 100 % P&C (2) 377,380 1,085,317 6,319,389 5,611,452 113 % Total premiums $ 377,380 $ 1,113,743 $ 7,993,480 $ 7,257,117 110 % 2021 Life reinsurance in force (1) $ — $ 19,383,794 $ 453,373,378 $ 433,989,584 104 % Premiums earned Life $ — $ 24,519 $ 1,620,130 $ 1,595,611 102 % Accident and health — — 31,355 31,355 100 % P&C (2) 318,058 944,862 5,956,360 5,329,556 112 % Total premiums $ 318,058 $ 969,381 $ 7,607,845 $ 6,956,522 109 % (1) Life reinsurance in force excludes products that do not pass risk transfer. (2) P&C includes Specialty and U.S. health premiums.

SCHEDULE VI - Supplemental Info

SCHEDULE VI - Supplemental Information Concerning Property-Casualty Insurance Operations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-18, Supplemental Information, Property-Casualty Insurance Underwriters [Abstract]
Supplemental Information Concerning Property-Casualty Insurance Operations	PartnerRe Ltd. Supplemental Information Concerning Property-Casualty Insurance Operations (1) For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) Losses and Loss Expenses Incurred Related to Affiliation with Registrant Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Expenses Unearned Premiums Premiums Earned Current year Prior year Acquisition Costs Paid Losses and Loss Expenses Premiums Written Consolidated subsidiaries 2023 $ 700,090 $ 13,151,309 $ 2,739,585 $ 5,838,466 $ 3,229,633 $ (47,293) $ 1,454,373 $ 2,732,602 $ 5,848,323 2022 $ 700,694 $ 12,725,631 $ 2,743,406 $ 5,611,452 $ 3,533,087 $ (219,853) $ 1,430,121 $ 2,658,136 $ 5,898,750 2021 $ 617,537 $ 12,047,792 $ 2,498,426 $ 5,329,556 $ 3,637,671 $ (194,426) $ 1,279,039 $ 2,972,995 $ 5,510,828 (1) Includes the Company's P&C and Specialty segments.

Significant Accounting Polici_2

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting	The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation.
Use Of Estimates	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. While management believes that the amounts included in the Consolidated Financial Statements reflect its best estimates and assumptions, actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s principal estimates include: • Non-life reserves; • Life and health reserves; • Reinsurance recoverable for unpaid losses; • Gross and net premiums written and net premiums earned; • Valuation and recoverability of deferred tax assets; • Fair value measurements of certain financial instrument assets; and •
Premiums	Gross premiums written and earned are based upon reports received from ceding companies, supplemented by the Company’s own estimates of premiums written and earned for which ceding company reports have not been received. The determination of premium estimates requires a review of the Company’s experience with cedants, familiarity with each market, an understanding of the characteristics of each line of business and management’s assessment of the impact of various other factors on the volume of business written and ceded to the Company. Premium estimates are updated as new information is received from cedants and differences between such estimates and actual amounts are recorded in the period in which the estimates are changed or the actual amounts are determined. Net premiums written and earned are presented net of ceded premiums. Premiums related to non-life business are earned on a basis that is consistent with the risks covered under the terms of the reinsurance contracts, which is generally one to two years. Reinstatement premiums are recognized as written and earned at the time a loss event occurs, where coverage limits for the remaining life of the contract are reinstated under pre-defined contract terms. The accrual of reinstatement premiums is based on management’s estimate of losses and loss expenses associated with the loss event. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written which is applicable to the unexpired risks under contracts in force. Premiums related to traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts are recorded over the premium-paying period on the underlying policies. Premiums on contracts for which there is no significant mortality or critical illness risk are accounted for in a manner consistent with accounting for interest-bearing financial instruments and are not reported as revenues, but rather as direct deposits to the contract. Amounts assessed against annuity and universal life policyholders are recognized as revenue in the period assessed. Premiums related to life and health short-duration business are earned on a basis that is consistent with the risks covered under the terms of the reinsurance contracts, which is generally one to two years.
Losses and Loss Expenses - Non-life reserves	Reserves for non-life business include amounts determined from loss reports on individual treaties (case reserves), additional case reserves when the Company’s loss estimate is higher than reported by the cedants (ACRs) and amounts for losses incurred but not yet reported to the Company (IBNR). Such reserves are estimated by management based upon reports received from ceding companies, supplemented by the Company’s own actuarial estimates of reserves for which ceding company reports have not been received, and based on the Company’s own historical experience. To the extent that the Company’s own historical experience is inadequate for estimating reserves, such estimates may be determined based upon industry experience and management’s judgment. The estimates are regularly reviewed and the ultimate liability may be materially in excess of, or less than, the amounts provided. Any adjustments are reflected in the periods in which they are determined, which may affect the Company’s operating results in future periods. See Note 9 fo r further details.
Losses and Loss Expenses - Life and Health Reserves	Traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts For traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts, which includes long-term protection and longevity business, the Company accrues a liability for future policy benefits (LFPB) over time as revenue is recognized based on a net premium ratio. The net premium ratio is the proportion of present value of gross premiums required to provide for all benefits and certain expenses. The LFPB uses the Company's current best estimate assumption of future cash flows discounted at a rate that approximates a single A rated corporate bond yield. Contracts are generally grouped into cohorts by product type, issue year, geographical region, currency, and other factors. Each quarter, the Company reviews its estimate of cash flows expected over the entire life of a group of contracts using actual historical experience and current future best estimate assumptions, and if the cash flows change, the LFPB is updated using a net premium ratio. The revised net premium ratio is calculated as of contract inception. This revised net premium ratio will derive a remeasurement gain or loss that is presented as a component of Losses and loss expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the net premium ratio exceeds 100% for a given cohort, a corresponding adjustment is recognized immediately in net income. The calculated LFPB cannot be less than zero for a given cohort. The net premium ratio is not updated for changes in discount rate assumptions, as the impact of changes in quarterly discount rates are recorded in Comprehensive income or loss. The current discount rate assumption for all contracts is derived from a yield curve based on upper-medium grade fixed income securities (single A rated credit). For unobservable discount rates, the Company uses estimates consistent with fair value guidance, maximizing the use of relevant, observable market prices and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs. The locked-in discount rate assumption is utilized for purposes of interest accretion recognized in Losses and loss expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and for updating the net premium ratio. The locked-in discount rate assumption is based on the weighted average upper-medium grade fixed income yields during the first calendar year of the contract. The most significant cash flow assumptions used are mortality, morbidity and persistency. The Company has elected to lock-in claims expense assumptions at contract inception and those assumptions are not subsequently reviewed or updated. See Note 10 for further information of the effects of changes in assumptions on the remeasurement of the LFPB. Other long-duration contracts Reserves for other long-duration contracts primarily include interest-sensitive life and investment-type contract liabilities, which are carried at the accumulated contract holder values. Life and health short-duration contracts Reserves for life and health short-duration contracts have been established based upon information reported by ceding companies, supplemented by the Company’s actuarial estimates, which include mortality, morbidity, critical illness, and persistency with appropriate provision to reflect uncertainty. See Note 10 for further details.
Market Risk Benefits	Market risk benefits (MRBs) are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contract holder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. MRBs include certain contract features that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders, such as guaranteed minimum death benefits (GMDB). MRBs can be in either an asset or a liability position, and are presented separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as the criteria for right of offset is not met. MRBs are measured at fair value using an option-based valuation model based on current net amounts at risk, market data, Company experience, and other factors. Consistent with a fair value income approach, all contractual cash flows specified within the GMDB treaties and expense cash flows that are consistent with the expected expense levels, are projected on a prospective basis. Risk neutral scenarios are used to project and discount cash flows. Changes in fair value related to MRBs are recognized as Market risk benefit gains (losses) except for the portion of the change in fair value due to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is recognized in Other comprehensive income or loss, both within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). MRBs are derecognized in the financial statements upon contract termination. At that point, the Company records any amounts (i.e. instrument-specific credit risk changes in MRBs) previously recorded in OCI into net income. See Note 11 for further details.
Deferred Acquisition Costs	Deferred acquisition costs are comprised of primarily incremental brokerage fees, commissions and excise taxes, which vary directly with, and are related to, the successful acquisition of reinsurance contracts. All other acquisition related costs, including indirect costs, are expensed as incurred. Acquisition costs are shown net of commissions earned on ceded reinsurance. Deferred acquisitions costs related to non-life contracts are amortized as the related premium is earned. The Company establishes a premium deficiency reserve to the extent the deferred acquisition costs are insufficient to cover the excess of expected losses and loss expenses, settlement costs and deferred acquisition costs over the related unearned premiums. Actual and anticipated losses and loss expenses, other costs, and investment income related to underlying premiums are considered in determining the recoverability of these deferred acquisition costs. Deferred acquisition costs related to traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts are amortized over the expected term of the underlying contracts, on a constant level basis, at the cohort level. Acquisition costs related to unexpected contract terminations are written off. Assumptions used to amortize these acquisition costs are consistent with the related liability for future policy benefits. These acquisition costs are not evaluated for recoverability and are not subject to impairment testing. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs is included in Acquisition costs within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Reinsurance	The Company purchases retrocessional contracts to reduce its exposure to risk of losses on reinsurance assumed. Ceded premiums, which represent the cost of retrocessional protection purchased by the Company, are expensed over the coverage period. Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the portion of premiums ceded applicable to the unexpired term of policies in force. Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses involves actuarial estimates consistent with those used to establish the associated liabilities for non-life and life and health reserves and are recorded net of a valuation allowance for estimated uncollectible recoveries. Retroactive reinsurance reimburses a ceding company for liabilities incurred as a result of past insurable events covered under contracts subject to the reinsurance. Premiums payable for retroactive reinsurance coverage meeting the conditions of reinsurance accounting are reported as reinsurance recoverables. To the extent that recorded liabilities on an underlying reinsurance contract exceed premiums payable for retroactive coverage, a deferred gain is recognized in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over estimated remaining settlement period of the underlying contract. Any such amortization is included in Losses and loss expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Funds Held by Reinsured Companies	The Company writes certain business on a funds held basis. Under such contractual arrangements, the cedant retains the premiums that would have otherwise been paid to the Company and the Company is credited with investment income on these funds. The Company generally earns investment income on the funds held balances based upon a predetermined interest rate, either fixed contractually at the inception of the contract or based upon a recognized index (e.g. SOFR). However, in certain circumstances, the Company may receive an investment return based upon either the result of a pool of assets held by the cedant, generally used to collateralize the funds held balance, or the investment return earned by the cedant on its entire investment portfolio. In these arrangements, investment returns are typically reflected in Net investment income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. In these arrangements, the Company is exposed, to a limited extent, to the underlying credit risk of the pool of assets inasmuch as the underlying policies may have guaranteed minimum returns. In such cases, an embedded derivative exists and its fair value is recorded by the Company as an increase or decrease to the funds held balance.
Deposit Assets and Liabilities	In the normal course of its operations, the Company writes certain contracts that do not meet the risk transfer provisions of U.S. GAAP. While these contracts do not meet risk transfer provisions for accounting purposes, there is a remote possibility that the Company will suffer a loss. The Company accounts for these contracts using the deposit accounting method originally recording deposit assets or liabilities for an amount equivalent to the consideration paid or received, respectively. The difference between the consideration received and the estimated liability for unpaid losses is determined upon entering into the contract and, if a loss, recognized into income immediately, and if a gain, the gain is deferred and earned over the expected settlement period of the contract, with the unearned portion recorded as a component of deposit liabilities. Actuarial studies are used to estimate the liabilities under these contracts and the appropriate accretion rates to increase or decrease the liabilities over the term of the contracts. The change in the estimated liability for the period is recorded in Other income or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Under some of these contracts, cedants retain the assets on a funds-held basis. In those cases, the Company records those assets as deposit assets and records the related income in Net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Also included in Deposit assets are receivables included as an element of certain life reinsurance agreements that do not meet risk transfer.
Investments	The Company elects the fair value option for Fixed maturities, Short-term investments and Equities with changes in fair value recorded in Net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Short-term investments comprise securities with a maturity greater than three months but less than one year from the date of purchase. Investments in real estate includes real estate that is directly held by the Company, which is recorded at cost less any write down for impairment, where applicable. Real estate assets held for investment are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company recognizes Other invested assets at fair value, except for those that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Other invested assets consist of equity investments in non-publicly traded companies such as limited liability companies and limited partnerships (or similar structures); privately placed corporate loans, notes and loans receivable and notes securitization; and derivative financial instruments. Non-publicly traded entities in which the Company has significant influence, including an ownership of more than 20% and less than 50% of the voting rights, and limited partnerships (or similar structures) in which the Company has more than a minor interest (typically more than 3% to 5%), are accounted for using either the equity method or the fair value option. Where the equity method is used, the Company's share of profits or losses of the investee are recorded in Interest in earnings or losses of equity method investees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has not elected the fair value option for these equity method investees as the carrying values already approximate fair value. Where the fair value option is elected, the investment is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in Net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 2(o) below for significant accounting policy for derivatives. The Company defines fair value as the price received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company measures the fair value of financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between the hierarchy levels at the beginning of the period. Refer to Note 4 for the valuation techniques used by the Company. The Company invests in various funds where the net asset value (NAV) is used as a basis for determining fair value. The Company applies the practical expedient relating to investments in certain entities that calculate NAV per share (or its equivalent) and therefore measure the fair value of these fund investments based on that NAV per share, or its equivalent. Refer to Note 4 for the valuation methods and assumptions used by the Company. Net investment income includes interest and dividend income, amortization of premiums and discounts on fixed maturities and short-term investments, and is net of investment expenses and withholding taxes. Investment income is recognized when earned and accrued to the balance sheet date. Realized gains or losses on the disposal of investments are determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Investment purchases and sales are recorded on a trade-date basis.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash equivalents are carried at fair value and include fixed income securities that, from the date of purchase, have a maturity of three months or less.
Business Combinations	The Company accounts for transactions in which it obtains control over one or more businesses using the acquisition method. The purchase price is allocated to identifiable assets and liabilities, including any intangible assets, based on their estimated fair value at the acquisition date. The estimates of fair values for assets and liabilities acquired are determined based on various market and income analyses and appraisals. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as Goodwill in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, while any excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the purchase price is recorded as a gain in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. All costs associated with an acquisition are expensed as incurred.
Goodwill	Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. The Company assesses the appropriateness of its valuation of goodwill on an annual basis (as of December 31) or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If, as a result of the assessment, the Company determines that the value of its goodwill is impaired, goodwill will be written down in the period in which the determination is made.
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets Intangible assets represent the fair value adjustments related to renewal rights, and customer relationships; value of life business acquired; and U.S. licenses arising from acquisitions. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives and the Amortization of intangible assets is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not subject to amortization. The carrying values of indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for indicators of impairment on an annual basis (as of December 31) or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. Impairment is recognized if the carrying values of the intangible assets are not recoverable from their undiscounted cash flows and is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value.
Income Taxes	Certain subsidiaries and branches of the Company operate in jurisdictions where they are subject to taxation. Current and deferred income taxes are charged or credited to Net income or loss or, in certain cases, to Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable in the relevant jurisdiction in the period in which the tax becomes accruable or realizable. Deferred income taxes are provided for all temporary differences between the bases of assets and liabilities used in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and those used in the various jurisdictional tax returns. When management’s assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded against the deferred tax assets. Where appropriate, the valuation allowance assessment considers tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes a tax benefit relating to uncertain tax positions only where the position is more likely than not to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. A liability is recognized for any tax benefit (along with any interest and penalty, if applicable) claimed in a tax return in excess of the amount recognized in the financial statements under U.S. GAAP. Any changes in amounts recognized are recorded in the period in which they are determined.
Foreign Exchange	In recording foreign currency transactions, revenue and expense items in a currency other than the functional currency are converted into the functional currency at the average rates of exchange for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities originating in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. The resulting foreign exchange transaction gains or losses are included in Net foreign exchange gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are not subsequently remeasured.
Derivatives	The Company’s investment strategy allows for the use of certain derivative instruments, subject to strict limitations. The Company may use derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, futures contracts, to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities (TBAs), total return swaps, interest rate swaps, insurance-linked securities, and credit default swaps for the purpose of managing overall currency risk, market exposures and portfolio duration, for hedging certain investments, or for enhancing investment performance that would be allowed under the Company’s investment policy if implemented in other ways. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, management determines whether or not the derivative is to be used and designated as a hedge of an identified underlying risk exposure (a designated hedge). The Company’s derivative instruments are recorded in Other invested assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value, with gains and losses associated with changes in fair value recognized in either Net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses or Net foreign exchange gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, or in Other comprehensive income or loss, depending on the nature and designation of the derivative instrument (see also Note 6). The Company formally documents all relationships between designated hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. In this documentation, the Company specifically identifies the asset or liability that has been designated as a hedged item and states how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the risks related to the hedged item. The Company formally measures effectiveness of its designated hedging relationships both at the hedge inception and on an ongoing basis. The Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively if it is determined that the derivative is no longer effective in hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to the risk it was meant to hedge; if the derivative instrument expires, is sold, or is otherwise terminated; or if the Company removes the designation of the hedge. To the extent that the Company discontinues hedge accounting because, based on management’s assessment, the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, or the Company otherwise de-designates the hedge, the derivative will continue to be carried in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at its fair value, with changes in its fair value recognized in in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, or in Other comprehensive income or loss, depending on the type of derivative held.
Pensions	The Company recognizes an asset or a liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the funded status of its defined benefit plans that are overfunded or underfunded, respectively, measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the pension obligation and recognizes changes in the funded status of defined benefit plans in the year in which the changes occur as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax.
Variable Interest Entities	The Company is involved in the normal course of business with variable interest entities (VIEs). An assessment is performed as of the date the Company becomes initially involved in the VIE followed by a reassessment upon certain events related to its involvement in the VIE. The Company consolidates a VIE when it is the primary beneficiary having a controlling financial interest as a result of having the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses, or right to receive benefits, that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Segment Reporting	The Company monitors the performance of its operations in three segments: Property & Casualty (P&C), Specialty and Life and Health. Segments represent markets that are reasonably homogeneous in terms of client types, buying patterns, underlying risk patterns or approach to risk management.
Share-based Incentives	The Company is authorized to issue Class C common shares and restricted share units to certain executives and directors. Prior to the adoption of the Class C common shares and related restricted share unit plan in 2021, the Company was authorized to issue restricted Class B common shares. The compensation cost for grants of Class B and C common shares and restricted share units is measured at fair value and expensed over the period for which the employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, up to three years from the date of grant. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur. Class B and C common shares and restricted share units are accounted for as liabilities and included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 17 for further details.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recently adopted In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) issued an accounting standard update with the objective of making targeted improvements to the existing recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts issued by an insurance entity. The Company adopted FASB targeted improvements to the accounting for long-duration contracts (LDTI) on January 1, 2023. The updated guidance has changed how the Company accounts for its long-duration insurance contracts. Refer to Note 3 for the impact of adoption. In accordance with the transition guidance, prior period consolidated financial statements and disclosures presented herein have been adjusted to reflect LDTI. Not yet adopted Reference Rate Reform In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to modification of contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. Along with the optional expedients, the amendments include a general principle that permits an entity to consider contract modifications due to reference reform to be an event that does not require contract re-measurement at the modification date or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In 2022, the sunset date of this guidance was deferred to December 31, 2024, and the guidance may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. Fair Value Measurement In June 2022, the FASB issued updated guidance to address diversity in practice by clarifying that a contractual sale restriction should not be considered in the measurement of the fair value of an equity security. It also requires entities with investments in equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions to disclose certain qualitative and quantitative information about such securities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The update applies prospectively, with any adjustments resulting from adoption recognized in earnings on the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. Segment Disclosures In November 2023, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to address improvements to reportable segment disclosures. Improvements primarily include the following annual disclosures: i) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, and ii) other segment items and description of its composition. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and applies retrospectively unless impracticable, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statement disclosures. Income Tax Disclosures In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance to improve income tax disclosures. The standard requires disaggregated information about a company’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with the option to apply the standard retrospectively, and early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statement disclosures.

Adoption of Accounting Pronou_2

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Impact of adoption on financial statements	The table below presents the effect of transition adjustments on shareholders’ equity as of January 1, 2021 due to adoption of the LDTI guidance (in thousands of U.S. dollars): January 1, 2021 Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total Life and health reserves (1) $ (171,047) $ (84,001) $ (255,048) Market risk benefits (1) 8,095 (63,474) (55,379) Tax impact of related LDTI adjustments 2,312 22,855 25,167 Total decrease to shareholders' equity $ (160,640) $ (124,620) $ (285,260) (1) GMDB reserves of $22 million were included within Life and health reserves on the Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to adoption of LDTI, and were subsequently reclassified to Market risk benefit assets and liabilities upon adoption of the new guidance. The table below summarizes the balance of and changes in the traditional and limited payment long-duration life and health reserves on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of the LDTI guidance (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Long-term Protection Longevity Balance, beginning of year, January 1, 2021 pre-adoption $ 1,243,251 $ 345,306 Change in discount rate assumptions 53,027 30,300 Change in cash flow assumptions and effect of net premiums exceeding gross premiums 178,110 (5,631) Adjusted balance, beginning of year, January 1, 2021 $ 1,474,388 $ 369,975 Less: Reinsurance recoverable (28,190) (6,222) Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance $ 1,446,198 $ 363,753 The table below summarizes the balance of and changes in the net liability position of market risk benefits on January 1, 2021 due to adoption of the LDTI guidance (in thousands of U.S. dollars): MRB, net liability position Balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021 pre-adoption (1) $ (22,211) Adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value, except for the difference due to instrument-specific credit risk 8,095 Adjustment for the cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk since issuance (63,474) Balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021 $ (77,590) (1) GMDB reserves were included within Life and health reserves on the Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to adoption of LDTI, and were subsequently reclassified to Market risk benefit assets and liabilities upon adoption of the new guidance. The following is a reconciliation of market risk benefit assets (liabilities) to the Consolidated Balance Sheet at January 1, 2021 (in thousands of US dollars): GMDB Market risk benefit assets at fair value $ 153,070 Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value (230,660) Market risk benefits, net, January 1, 2021 $ (77,590) The impact of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet effective as of January 1, 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Pre-adoption, January 1, 2021 LDTI Impact Post-adoption, January 1, 2021 Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses $ 901,063 $ 757 $ 901,820 Market risk benefit assets, at fair value — 153,070 153,070 Net tax assets 182,077 492 182,569 Total assets $ 26,898,575 $ 154,319 $ 27,052,894 Life and health reserves $ 2,704,229 $ 233,594 $ 2,937,823 Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value — 230,660 230,660 Net tax liabilities 131,621 (24,675) 106,946 Total liabilities 19,571,578 439,579 20,011,157 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (96,005) (124,620) (220,625) Retained earnings 5,062,948 (160,640) 4,902,308 Total shareholders’ equity 7,326,997 (285,260) 7,041,737 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 26,898,575 $ 154,319 $ 27,052,894 Impact to Previously Reported Amounts The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): As of December 31, 2022 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses $ 1,959,652 $ (11,866) $ 1,947,786 Deferred acquisition costs 1,012,850 (783) 1,012,067 Market risk benefit assets — 131,186 131,186 Net tax assets 164,384 (3,750) 160,634 Total assets $ 27,272,413 $ 114,787 $ 27,387,200 Life and health reserves $ 2,510,293 $ (12,774) $ 2,497,519 Market risk benefit liabilities — 9,170 9,170 Net tax liabilities 29,154 9,422 38,576 Total liabilities 20,984,063 5,818 20,989,881 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (7,669) 78,548 70,879 Retained earnings 4,358,085 30,421 4,388,506 Total shareholders’ equity 6,288,350 108,969 6,397,319 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 27,272,413 $ 114,787 $ 27,387,200 The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Expenses Losses and loss expenses $ 4,747,403 $ (21,531) $ 4,725,872 Market risk benefit gains — (121,211) (121,211) Acquisition costs 1,540,681 (3,468) 1,537,213 Net foreign exchange losses 29,402 (14,628) 14,774 Total expenses 6,796,459 (160,838) 6,635,621 (Loss) income before taxes and interest in earnings of equity method investments (1,069,516) 160,838 (908,678) Income tax expense (31,334) (10,561) (41,895) Net (loss) income (1,090,029) 150,277 (939,752) Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholder $ (1,099,779) $ 150,277 $ (949,502) Comprehensive (loss) income Net (loss) income $ (1,090,029) $ 150,277 $ (939,752) Change in currency translation adjustment 9,464 (3,794) 5,670 Changes in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax — 99,250 99,250 Changes in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax — 49,794 49,794 Comprehensive (loss) income $ (1,067,992) $ 295,527 $ (772,465) For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Expenses Losses and loss expenses $ 4,883,984 $ (32,944) $ 4,851,040 Market risk benefit gains — (19,873) (19,873) Acquisition costs 1,386,832 4,670 1,391,502 Net foreign exchange losses 30,883 5,615 36,498 Total expenses 6,764,708 (42,532) 6,722,176 Income before taxes and interest in earnings of equity method investments 634,828 42,532 677,360 Income tax expense (38,219) (1,748) (39,967) Net income 723,404 40,784 764,188 Net income attributable to common shareholder $ 679,477 $ 40,784 $ 720,261 Comprehensive income Net income $ 723,404 $ 40,784 $ 764,188 Change in currency translation adjustment 43,120 1,040 44,160 Changes in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax — 53,053 53,053 Changes in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax — 3,825 3,825 Comprehensive income $ 789,703 $ 98,702 $ 888,405 The following represents the effects of LDTI adoption on the applicable financial statement lines of the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ (1,090,029) $ 150,277 $ (939,752) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Market risk benefit gains — (121,211) (121,211) Changes in: Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable (325,409) 28,239 (297,170) Deferred acquisition costs (131,236) (3,468) (134,704) Net tax assets and liabilities (72,452) 10,561 (61,891) Non-life and life and health reserves 1,009,439 (49,770) 959,669 Other net changes in operating assets and liabilities 63,433 (14,628) 48,805 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,468,409 $ — $ 1,468,409 For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 As Previously Reported LDTI Impact As Adjusted for LDTI Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 723,404 $ 40,784 $ 764,188 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Market risk benefit gains — (19,873) (19,873) Changes in: Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable (637,908) (2,706) (640,614) Deferred acquisition costs (122,739) 4,670 (118,069) Net tax assets and liabilities 3,256 1,748 5,004 Non-life and life and health reserves 903,324 (30,239) 873,085 Other net changes in operating assets and liabilities 23,801 5,616 29,417 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 1,232,590 $ — $ 1,232,590

Fair Value (Tables)

Fair Value (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Financial instruments measured at fair value and categorized between Levels 1, 2 and 3	At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value were classified between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 Quoted prices in Significant Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient Total Assets (liabilities) Fixed maturities U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises $ — $ 1,736,952 $ — $ — $ 1,736,952 U.S. states, territories and municipalities — 8,850 42,792 — 51,642 Non-U.S. sovereign government, supranational and government related — 1,780,318 — — 1,780,318 Corporate bonds — 6,777,767 — — 6,777,767 Asset-backed securities — — 15,022 — 15,022 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 4,728,355 — — 4,728,355 Fixed maturities $ — $ 15,032,242 $ 57,814 $ — $ 15,090,056 Short-term investments $ — $ 1,020,257 $ — $ — $ 1,020,257 Equities Real estate $ 39,015 $ — $ 2,844 $ — $ 41,859 Diversified — — 15,823 — 15,823 Consumer non-cyclical 653 — 8,574 — 9,227 Consumer cyclical 3,095 — 28 — 3,123 Energy 2 — 1,698 — 1,700 Insurance — 140 — — 140 Finance — — 125 — 125 Industrials 4 — 6 — 10 Fund investments — — — 845,163 845,163 Equities $ 42,769 $ 140 $ 29,098 $ 845,163 $ 917,170 Other invested assets Derivative assets Foreign exchange forward contracts — 31,565 — — 31,565 Insurance-linked securities — — 7,235 — 7,235 Options and warrants — — 4,390 — 4,390 Other Corporate loans (1) — 1,141,657 231,189 — 1,372,846 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization — — 1,664 — 1,664 Real estate company investment — — 471,156 — 471,156 Fund investments — — 43,198 1,347,876 1,391,074 Derivative liabilities Foreign exchange forward contracts — (27,669) — — (27,669) Interest rate swaps — (849) — — (849) Other invested assets $ — $ 1,144,704 $ 758,832 $ 1,347,876 $ 3,251,412 Total investments measured at fair value $ 42,769 $ 17,197,343 $ 845,744 $ 2,193,039 $ 20,278,895 Market risk benefits, net (3) $ — $ — $ 139,574 $ — $ 139,574 Net assets measured at fair value $ 42,769 $ 17,197,343 $ 985,318 $ 2,193,039 $ 20,418,469 (1) Corporate loans includes a portfolio of third-party, individually managed privately issued corporate loans that are managed under externally managed mandates with a fair value of $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The mandates primarily invest in U.S. floating rate, first lien, senior secured broadly syndicated loans with a focus on facility sizes greater than $300 million. Corporate loans also includes $0.3 billion and $0.3 billion of other privately issued corporate loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (2) The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for investments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs are presented in the succeeding tables. (3) Refer to Note 11 for details on the changes in the MRBs measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. December 31, 2022 Quoted prices in Significant Significant Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient Total Assets (liabilities) Fixed maturities U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises $ — $ 1,797,934 $ — $ — $ 1,797,934 U.S. states, territories and municipalities — 10,126 48,747 — 58,873 Non-U.S. sovereign government, supranational and government related — 1,654,532 — — 1,654,532 Corporate bonds — 5,759,149 — — 5,759,149 Asset-backed securities — 12,434 15,930 — 28,364 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 3,723,062 — — 3,723,062 Fixed maturities $ — $ 12,957,237 $ 64,677 $ — $ 13,021,914 Short-term investments $ — $ 516,603 $ 6,907 $ — $ 523,510 Equities Real estate $ 61,754 $ — $ 1,814 $ — $ 63,568 Consumer non-cyclical — — 10,081 — 10,081 Diversified — — 9,667 — 9,667 Consumer cyclical 4,449 — 28 — 4,477 Energy 3 — 1,514 — 1,517 Finance — — 120 — 120 Industrials 20 — 76 — 96 Insurance — 42 — — 42 Fund investments — — — 840,318 840,318 Equities $ 66,226 $ 42 $ 23,300 $ 840,318 $ 929,886 Other invested assets Derivative assets Foreign exchange forward contracts $ — $ 13,705 $ — $ — $ 13,705 Interest rate swaps — 258 — — 258 Insurance-linked securities — — 6,657 — 6,657 Options and warrants — — 8,691 — 8,691 TBAs — 578 — — 578 Other Corporate loans — 1,015,529 287,278 — 1,302,807 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization — — 3,166 — 3,166 Real estate company investment — — 491,602 — 491,602 Fund investments — — 36,274 1,271,612 1,307,886 Derivative liabilities Foreign exchange forward contracts — (17,336) — — (17,336) Interest rate swaps — (153) — — (153) Other invested assets $ — $ 1,012,581 $ 833,668 $ 1,271,612 $ 3,117,861 Total investments measured at fair value $ 66,226 $ 14,486,463 $ 928,552 $ 2,111,930 $ 17,593,171 Market risk benefits, net $ — $ — $ 122,016 $ — $ 122,016 Net assets measured at fair value $ 66,226 $ 14,486,463 $ 1,050,568 $ 2,111,930 $ 17,715,187
Reconciliation of beginning and ending balances for all financial instruments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs	The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for investments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): For the year ended December 31, 2023 Balance at (Losses) gains Purchases Settlements and (1) Net transfers out of Level 3 Balance Change in Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 48,747 $ (340) $ — $ (5,615) $ — $ 42,792 $ (1,730) Asset-backed securities 15,930 — — (908) — 15,022 — Fixed maturities $ 64,677 $ (340) $ — $ (6,523) $ — $ 57,814 $ (1,730) Short-term investments $ 6,907 $ — $ — $ (6,907) $ — $ — $ — Equities Energy $ 1,514 $ 184 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,698 $ 184 Consumer non-cyclical 10,081 (1,507) — — — 8,574 (1,507) Real estate 1,814 1,030 — — — 2,844 1,030 Consumer cyclical 28 — — — — 28 — Finance 120 5 — — — 125 5 Industrials 76 (41) — (29) — 6 (41) Diversified 9,667 323 5,835 (2) — 15,823 321 Equities $ 23,300 $ (6) $ 5,835 $ (31) $ — $ 29,098 $ (8) Other invested assets Derivatives, net $ 15,348 $ 577 $ — $ (4,300) $ — $ 11,625 $ — Corporate loans 287,278 9,546 2,630 (24,843) (43,422) 231,189 7,792 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization 3,166 90 — (1,592) — 1,664 49 Fund investments 36,274 8,257 — (1,333) — 43,198 8,257 Real estate company investment 491,602 (20,446) — — — 471,156 (20,446) Other invested assets $ 833,668 $ (1,976) $ 2,630 $ (32,068) $ (43,422) $ 758,832 $ (4,348) Total $ 928,552 $ (2,322) $ 8,465 $ (45,529) $ (43,422) $ 845,744 $ (6,086) (1) Included sales of Fixed maturities and Other invested assets of $6 million and $30 million, respectively. Sales of Fixed maturities were comprised of U.S. states, territories and municipalities. Sales of Other invested assets included sales of corporate loans of $25 million, sales of derivatives of $4 million, and sales of notes and loans receivable and notes securitization of $1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022 Balance at (Losses) gains Purchases Settlements and sales (1) Net transfers into Level 3 Balance Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 95,181 $ (13,862) $ — $ (32,572) $ — $ 48,747 $ (14,108) Asset-backed securities 16,764 — — (834) — 15,930 — Fixed maturities $ 111,945 $ (13,862) $ — $ (33,406) $ — $ 64,677 $ (14,108) Short-term investments $ — $ — $ 6,907 $ — $ — $ 6,907 $ — Equities Energy $ 2,368 $ (854) $ — $ — $ — $ 1,514 $ (854) Consumer non-cyclical 10,081 — — — — 10,081 — Real estate 2,097 (283) — — — 1,814 (283) Consumer cyclical 1,394 (1,366) — — — 28 (1,366) Finance 128 (8) — — — 120 (8) Industrials 220 13 — (157) — 76 (53) Diversified 7,468 (223) 2,759 (337) — 9,667 (344) Equities $ 23,756 $ (2,721) $ 2,759 $ (494) $ — $ 23,300 $ (2,908) Other invested assets Derivatives, net $ 7,796 $ 1,929 $ 5,631 $ (8) $ — $ 15,348 $ 996 Corporate loans 287,527 1,443 34,543 (42,589) 6,354 287,278 2,166 Notes and loans receivable and notes securitization 6,575 (594) — (2,815) — 3,166 2,301 Fund investments 11,739 92 30,286 (5,843) — 36,274 322 Real estate company investment 560,687 (69,085) — — — 491,602 (69,085) Other invested assets $ 874,324 $ (66,215) $ 70,460 $ (51,255) $ 6,354 $ 833,668 $ (63,300) Total $ 1,010,025 $ (82,798) $ 80,126 $ (85,155) $ 6,354 $ 928,552 $ (80,316) (1) Included sales of Fixed maturities and Other invested assets of $32 million and $36 million, respectively. Sales of Fixed maturities were comprised of U.S. states, territories and municipalities. Sales of Other invested assets included sales of corporate loans of $33 million and sales of notes and loans receivable and notes securitization of $3 million.
Summary of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of financial instruments	The significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (fair value in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 Fair value Valuation techniques Unobservable inputs Range (Weighted average (1) ) Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 42,792 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.5% – 2.7% (2.6%) Other invested assets Insurance-linked securities – longevity swaps 7,235 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 6.0% (6.0%) Fund investments 4,529 Discounted cash flow Effective yield 0.7% (0.7%) Real estate company investment 471,156 Income capitalization Estimated rental value (per sq ft) $96 – $102 ($100) Net initial yield 3.6% – 5.4% (4.8%) Reversionary yield 5.0% – 6.4% (5.7%) Comparable method Sale value (per sq ft) $3,072 – $5,848 ($5,171) Market risk benefits, net 139,574 Option pricing techniques Mortality rates 0.02% – 100.0% (0.5%) Lapse rates 3.1% – 25.0% (5.0%) Equity implied long-term volatility 18.9% - 28.7% (22.5%) Swaption implied long-term volatility 54.6% - 77.7% (76.5%) December 31, 2022 Fair value Valuation techniques Unobservable inputs Range (Weighted average (1) ) Fixed maturities U.S. states, territories and municipalities $ 48,747 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.7% – 3.6% (3.4%) Short-term investments 6,907 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.5% (2.5%) Other invested assets Insurance-linked securities - longevity swaps 6,657 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 5.7% (5.7%) Fund investments 6,008 Discounted cash flow Effective yield 0.6% (0.6%) Note securitization 188 Discounted cash flow Credit spreads 2.5% (2.5%) Real estate company investment 491,602 Income capitalization Estimated rental value (per sq ft) $84 – $90 ($87) Net initial yield 2.2% – 4.6% (3.9%) Reversionary yield 4.6% – 5.3% (4.9%) Comparable method Sale value (per sq ft) $1,617 – $5,459 ($4,836) Market risk benefits, net 122,016 Option pricing techniques Mortality rates 0.02% – 100.0% (0.5%) Lapse rates 3.2% – 25.7% (8.5%) Equity implied long-term volatility 21.6% - 29.7% (24.6%) Swaption implied long-term volatility 60.0% - 85.5% (82.8%) (1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value.
Change in fair value of financial instruments subject to fair value option	Changes in the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities subject to the fair value option during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Fixed maturities and short-term investments $ 390,712 $ (1,807,048) $ (558,466) Equities 43,420 (505,072) 198,780 Other invested assets (29,064) (136,580) 184,209 Total included in net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 405,068 $ (2,448,700) $ (175,477)
Details of portfolio of investments using NAV as a practical expedient	The table below reflects the Company's portfolio of investments measured using net asset valuations as the practical expedient at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands of US dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Value (1) Remaining Unfunded Commitment Carrying Value (1) Remaining Unfunded Commitment Redemption Frequency Redemption Notice Period Public equity funds $ 648,080 $ — $ 629,125 $ — See below See below Private equity funds 452,387 106,060 389,736 150,458 See below See below Private credit funds 430,788 228,451 404,065 67,815 See below See below Multi-strategy funds 661,784 110,396 689,004 147,409 See below See below Total fund investments $ 2,193,039 $ 444,907 $ 2,111,930 $ 365,682 (1) The table above only reflects the Company's investments valued at fair value based on the NAV practical expedient, which includes fund investments of $845 million included in Equities and $1,348 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2023 and fund investments of $840 million included in Equities and $1,272 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2022.

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments [Abstract]
Net Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)	The components of the net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Net realized investment (losses) gains on fixed maturities and short-term investments $ (4,041) $ 859 $ 19,893 Net realized investment gains on equities 121,378 461,041 78,501 Net realized investment (losses) gains on other invested assets (6,188) 9,781 103,011 Net realized investment gains $ 111,149 $ 471,681 $ 201,405 Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturities and short-term investments $ 390,712 $ (1,807,048) $ (558,466) Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) on equities 43,420 (505,072) 198,780 Change in net unrealized investment (losses) gains on other invested assets (20,975) (123,694) 196,926 Net other realized and unrealized investment losses (1,761) (2,672) (848) Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 411,396 $ (2,438,486) $ (163,608) Impairment loss on investments in real estate $ (5,119) $ (2,209) $ — Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 517,426 $ (1,969,014) $ 37,797
Net investment income	The components of net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Fixed maturities $ 424,205 $ 310,152 $ 301,391 Short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents 75,467 17,477 4,860 Other invested assets 176,065 99,375 90,442 Equities 19,693 11,118 12,686 Funds held and other (1) 6,950 10,801 17,871 Investment expenses (56,695) (50,575) (50,781) Net investment income $ 645,685 $ 398,348 $ 376,469 (1) The Company generally earns investment income on funds held by reinsured companies based upon a predetermined interest rate, either fixed contractually at the inception of the contract or based upon a recognized index. Interest rates ranged from 0.2% to 10.5%, 0.1% to 10.9% and 0.1% to 7.3% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Derivatives (Tables)

Derivatives (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair values and notional values of derivatives	The net fair values of derivatives included in Other invested assets within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related net notional exposures at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Asset Liability Net derivatives December 31, 2023 Fair value Net notional Derivatives not designated as hedges Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 31,565 $ (27,669) $ 3,896 $ 4,205,417 Insurance-linked securities (1) 7,235 — 7,235 9,700 Interest rate swaps (2) — (849) (849) — Options and warrants 4,390 — 4,390 8,898 Total derivatives not designated as hedges $ 43,190 $ (28,518) $ 14,672 Asset Liability Net derivatives December 31, 2022 Fair value Net notional Derivatives not designated as hedges Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 13,705 $ (17,336) $ (3,631) $ 4,277,894 Insurance-linked securities (1) 6,657 — 6,657 16,937 Interest rate swaps (2) 258 (153) 105 — TBAs 578 — 578 — Options and warrants 8,691 — 8,691 8,815 Total derivatives not designated as hedges $ 29,889 $ (17,489) $ 12,400 (1) Insurance-linked securities include longevity swaps for which the notional amounts are not reflective of the overall potential exposure of the swaps. The net notional exposure above includes the Company's best estimate of the present value of future expected claims. (2) The Company enters into interest rate swaps to mitigate notional exposures on certain total return swaps and certain fixed maturities. The net notional exposure for interest rate swaps above relates to fixed maturities.
Gains and losses for derivatives not designated as hedges	The gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivatives not designated as hedges for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange forward contracts $ (38,858) $ (34,902) $ (16,788) Total included in Net foreign exchange losses $ (38,858) $ (34,902) $ (16,788) Insurance-linked securities $ (1,754) $ 2,049 $ 4,807 Total return swaps (5) 934 1,430 Interest rate swaps (951) 10,594 7,020 TBAs 448 (23) (56) Other — — (298) Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains $ (2,262) $ 13,554 $ 12,903 Total derivatives not designated as hedges $ (41,120) $ (21,348) $ (3,885)
Gross and net fair values of derivatives subject to offsetting	The gross and net fair values of derivatives that are subject to offsetting in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Gross Net amounts of Gross amounts not offset December 31, 2023 Gross amounts recognized (1) Financial Cash collateral Net amount Total derivative assets $ 43,190 $ — $ 43,190 $ — $ (41,747) $ 1,443 Total derivative liabilities $ (28,518) $ — $ (28,518) $ — $ 16,220 $ (12,298) December 31, 2022 Total derivative assets $ 29,889 $ — $ 29,889 $ (258) $ (37,262) $ (7,631) Total derivative liabilities $ (17,489) $ — $ (17,489) $ 258 $ 15,978 $ (1,253) (1) Amounts include all derivative instruments, irrespective of whether there is a legally enforceable master netting arrangement in place.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill	The Company’s goodwill related to the acquisitions of PartnerRe SA, Winterthur Re, Paris Re and Presidio and intangible assets related to the acquisitions of Paris Re, Presidio, Aurigen and Claims Analytics at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Goodwill Definite- Indefinite- Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 456,380 $ 98,114 $ 9,555 $ 107,669 Foreign currency translation — 10 — 10 Intangible assets amortization n/a (8,861) n/a (8,861) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 456,380 $ 89,263 $ 9,555 $ 98,818 Foreign currency translation — (137) — (137) Intangible assets amortization n/a (8,912) n/a (8,912) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 456,380 $ 80,214 $ 9,555 $ 89,769 Foreign currency translation — 50 — 50 Intangible assets amortization n/a (7,906) n/a (7,906) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 456,380 $ 72,358 $ 9,555 $ 81,913 n/a: Not applicable
Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination	The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization of intangible assets included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Gross carrying Accumulated Net carrying value Gross carrying Accumulated Net carrying value Definite-lived intangible assets: Renewal rights $ 48,163 $ (44,985) $ 3,178 $ 48,163 $ (43,032) $ 5,131 Customer relationships 67,661 (60,532) 7,129 67,611 (56,850) 10,761 Life VOBA 75,583 (13,532) 62,051 75,583 (11,261) 64,322 Total definite-lived intangible assets $ 191,407 $ (119,049) $ 72,358 $ 191,357 $ (111,143) $ 80,214 Indefinite-lived intangible assets: Insurance licenses 9,555 n/a 9,555 9,555 n/a 9,555 Total intangible assets $ 200,962 $ (119,049) $ 81,913 $ 200,912 $ (111,143) $ 89,769 n/a: Not applicable
Allocation of goodwill by segment	The allocation of goodwill to the Company’s segments at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 P&C segment $ 242,376 $ 242,376 Specialty segment 196,047 196,047 Life and Health segment 17,957 17,957 Total $ 456,380 $ 456,380
Estimated future amortization expense	The estimated future amortization expense related to the Company’s definite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Year VOBA Other definite- Total definite- 2024 $ 2,296 $ 4,960 $ 7,256 2025 2,070 4,367 6,437 2026 1,892 402 2,294 2027 2,238 402 2,640 2028 2,247 176 2,423 Thereafter 51,308 — 51,308 Total $ 62,051 $ 10,307 $ 72,358

Deferred Acquisition Costs (Tab

Deferred Acquisition Costs (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Disclosures [Abstract]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs [Table Text Block]	The reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of deferred acquisition costs for the Company's traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts within the Life and health business for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Long-term protection Balance at beginning of year $ 311,362 $ 298,783 $ 270,170 Capitalizations 38,056 67,432 69,548 Amortization expense (32,012) (31,467) (29,696) Foreign exchange effect 3,200 (23,386) (11,239) Balance at end of year $ 320,606 $ 311,362 $ 298,783

Non-life Reserves (Tables)

Non-life Reserves (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Liability for Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]
Components of non-life reserves	The Company’s gross liability for non-life reserves at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Case reserves $ 5,148,325 $ 5,110,575 ACRs 190,071 159,821 IBNR reserves 7,812,913 7,455,235 Non-life reserves $ 13,151,309 $ 12,725,631
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross and net liability for non-life reserves	The reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross and net liability for non-life reserves for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Gross liability at beginning of year $ 12,725,631 $ 12,047,792 $ 11,395,321 Reinsurance recoverable at beginning of year 1,851,811 1,532,666 782,330 Net liability at beginning of year 10,873,820 10,515,126 10,612,991 Net incurred losses related to: Current year 3,229,633 3,533,087 3,637,671 Prior years (47,293) (219,853) (194,426) 3,182,340 3,313,234 3,443,245 Net paid losses related to: Current year (416,151) (419,633) (437,938) Prior years (2,316,451) (2,238,503) (2,535,057) (2,732,602) (2,658,136) (2,972,995) Retroactive reinsurance recoverable adjustment (93,378) (35,695) (357,864) Effects of foreign exchange rate changes and other 155,882 (260,709) (210,251) Net liability at end of year 11,386,062 10,873,820 10,515,126 Reinsurance recoverable at end of year 1,765,247 1,851,811 1,532,666 Gross liability at end of year $ 13,151,309 $ 12,725,631 $ 12,047,792
Reconciliation of net incurred and paid claims development to Non-life reserves	The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development information below to the Non-life reserves in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 Total outstanding liability for unpaid claims Property $ 1,908,065 Casualty 6,176,122 Specialty 3,011,789 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 11,095,976 Unallocated loss expenses 130,717 U.S. health net reserves (1) 156,570 Other 2,799 Total other liabilities $ 290,086 Net liability at end of year $ 11,386,062 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims Property $ 763,028 Casualty 698,223 Specialty 303,996 Reinsurance recoverable at end of year $ 1,765,247 Gross liability at end of year $ 13,151,309 (1) U.S. health business is not meaningful to include in the development tables as the estimated average duration of the health reserves is less than one year and substantially all claims are expected to be paid within two years, based on historical payout patterns.
Incurred and paid claims development and average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance	NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - NON-LIFE For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 2,481,720 $ 2,514,200 $ 2,368,967 $ 2,349,869 $ 2,353,759 $ 2,315,021 $ 2,277,135 $ 2,262,546 $ 2,232,454 $ 2,233,339 $ 50,959 2015 2,502,854 2,611,184 2,527,784 2,550,830 2,520,182 2,475,960 2,451,141 2,432,324 2,435,356 87,537 2016 2,451,204 2,559,851 2,516,126 2,486,199 2,467,920 2,484,069 2,476,383 2,472,778 95,112 2017 2,549,737 2,801,179 2,698,916 2,651,730 2,663,904 2,658,571 2,660,319 159,021 2018 2,596,552 2,974,243 2,969,810 2,972,766 3,009,359 3,015,217 334,532 2019 2,931,280 3,519,556 3,510,991 3,523,443 3,531,407 637,205 2020 4,186,395 3,586,462 3,499,097 3,480,994 859,604 2021 2,880,141 2,829,876 2,836,450 1,435,501 2022 3,410,844 3,374,321 1,723,904 2023 3,115,830 967,607 Total $ 29,156,011 $ 6,350,982 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - NON-LIFE For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 336,270 $ 1,291,273 $ 1,594,146 $ 1,810,171 $ 1,946,054 $ 2,044,804 $ 2,118,939 $ 2,164,676 $ 2,196,720 $ 2,243,258 2015 306,562 1,159,655 1,564,173 1,798,537 1,959,722 2,067,935 2,142,234 2,198,481 2,240,255 2016 321,351 1,272,443 1,627,697 1,893,694 2,030,728 2,123,169 2,211,977 2,302,984 2017 394,394 1,421,140 1,804,959 2,072,838 2,195,236 2,314,529 2,436,391 2018 271,827 1,276,542 1,811,055 2,093,543 2,283,931 2,490,887 2019 462,939 1,438,793 1,961,928 2,341,116 2,640,483 2020 480,122 1,277,034 1,805,063 2,106,017 2021 373,191 1,088,143 1,531,660 2022 394,598 914,038 2023 397,510 Total $ 19,303,483 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 9,852,528 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 1,243,448 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 11,095,976 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - NON-LIFE (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non-life 13% 29% 15% 10% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 2% NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - PROPERTY For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 469,568 $ 488,446 $ 463,409 $ 458,609 $ 452,907 $ 450,487 $ 447,816 $ 447,894 $ 444,808 $ 445,152 $ 298 2015 537,193 565,816 537,792 528,106 524,147 519,568 525,203 523,475 524,453 3,605 2016 663,490 681,050 644,349 625,873 622,562 624,375 623,593 620,491 8,045 2017 971,607 1,022,186 952,613 923,025 915,166 910,105 909,849 12,314 2018 805,960 820,675 799,735 778,867 766,591 766,684 16,456 2019 703,097 782,453 720,079 711,928 714,189 32,277 2020 1,252,575 1,070,935 1,061,772 1,056,274 132,920 2021 919,517 918,629 914,749 253,718 2022 944,920 859,807 457,178 2023 415,801 334,152 Total $ 7,227,449 $ 1,250,963 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - PROPERTY For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 95,013 $ 323,309 $ 395,102 $ 423,339 $ 432,567 $ 438,152 $ 442,581 $ 444,798 $ 445,375 $ 448,276 2015 85,015 330,876 435,539 469,036 481,879 489,195 498,557 501,524 503,399 2016 132,914 446,804 538,988 579,381 595,159 604,980 609,257 613,854 2017 214,026 694,240 805,627 853,945 862,942 870,638 882,726 2018 81,830 494,608 628,458 666,919 687,439 709,211 2019 78,527 426,566 545,163 586,587 627,924 2020 115,165 515,030 681,851 772,952 2021 121,453 491,546 639,577 2022 103,876 279,970 2023 91,499 Total $ 5,569,388 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 1,658,061 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 250,004 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 1,908,065 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - PROPERTY (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Property 15% 41% 16% 6% 3% 2% 1% 1% —% 1% NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - CASUALTY For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 804,571 $ 848,698 $ 814,622 $ 810,349 $ 826,000 $ 791,768 $ 766,415 $ 753,383 $ 739,605 $ 740,555 $ 34,090 2015 699,327 783,275 761,091 803,497 770,242 751,652 726,451 714,608 717,382 57,407 2016 670,767 756,954 767,366 747,814 740,047 750,268 747,402 747,434 61,476 2017 621,095 743,114 720,966 709,881 716,862 720,732 724,138 94,614 2018 767,559 905,491 895,978 903,353 920,169 927,658 236,104 2019 999,955 1,226,210 1,272,980 1,273,687 1,282,398 494,696 2020 1,344,430 1,115,751 1,094,890 1,086,082 601,415 2021 1,013,896 967,726 987,435 886,905 2022 1,495,131 1,561,575 888,080 2023 1,698,981 326,606 Total $ 10,473,638 $ 3,681,393 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - CASUALTY For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 69,119 $ 189,458 $ 292,152 $ 387,182 $ 470,964 $ 536,883 $ 594,035 $ 631,367 $ 654,893 $ 692,148 2015 73,252 184,520 303,213 398,790 505,067 577,907 627,964 667,748 702,472 2016 28,304 140,081 244,560 369,651 455,982 520,069 586,050 667,058 2017 55,617 157,792 246,615 334,296 411,806 488,164 596,996 2018 59,105 201,190 323,510 425,887 532,717 699,190 2019 100,639 274,821 430,192 580,304 731,677 2020 112,281 176,740 304,592 410,337 2021 80,434 225,846 329,578 2022 120,660 173,769 2023 171,996 Total $ 5,175,221 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 5,298,417 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 877,705 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 6,176,122 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - CASUALTY (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Casualty 9% 12% 13% 12% 12% 11% 10% 7% 4% 5% NET INCURRED LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - SPECIALTY For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2023 Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 1,207,581 $ 1,177,056 $ 1,090,936 $ 1,080,911 $ 1,074,852 $ 1,072,766 $ 1,062,904 $ 1,061,269 $ 1,048,041 $ 1,047,632 $ 16,571 2015 1,266,334 1,262,093 1,228,901 1,219,227 1,225,793 1,204,740 1,199,487 1,194,241 1,193,521 26,525 2016 1,116,947 1,121,847 1,104,411 1,112,512 1,105,311 1,109,426 1,105,388 1,104,853 25,591 2017 957,035 1,035,879 1,025,337 1,018,824 1,031,876 1,027,734 1,026,332 52,093 2018 1,023,033 1,248,077 1,274,097 1,290,546 1,322,599 1,320,875 81,972 2019 1,228,228 1,510,893 1,517,932 1,537,828 1,534,820 110,232 2020 1,589,390 1,399,776 1,342,435 1,338,638 125,269 2021 946,728 943,521 934,266 294,878 2022 970,793 952,939 378,646 2023 1,001,048 306,849 Total $ 11,454,924 $ 1,418,626 NET PAID LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT TABLE - SPECIALTY For the year ended December 31, Accident year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited) 2014 $ 172,138 $ 778,506 $ 906,892 $ 999,650 $ 1,042,523 $ 1,069,769 $ 1,082,323 $ 1,088,511 $ 1,096,452 $ 1,102,834 2015 148,295 644,259 825,421 930,711 972,776 1,000,833 1,015,713 1,029,209 1,034,384 2016 160,133 685,558 844,149 944,662 979,587 998,120 1,016,670 1,022,072 2017 124,751 569,108 752,717 884,597 920,488 955,727 956,669 2018 130,892 580,744 859,087 1,000,737 1,063,775 1,082,486 2019 283,773 737,406 986,573 1,174,225 1,280,882 2020 252,676 585,264 818,620 922,728 2021 171,304 370,751 562,505 2022 170,062 460,299 2023 134,015 Total $ 8,558,874 Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles $ 2,896,050 All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance 115,739 Total outstanding liabilities for unpaid claims $ 3,011,789 AVERAGE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE PAYOUT OF INCURRED CLAIMS BY AGE, NET OF REINSURANCE - SPECIALTY (unaudited) Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Specialty 15% 36% 17% 10% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Life and Health Reserves (Table

Life and Health Reserves (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Liability for Future Policy Benefits Activity [Abstract]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity	The Company's gross and net liability for life and health reserves at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Long-term protection $ 1,432,088 $ 1,249,661 $ 1,454,838 Longevity 466,037 304,318 323,489 Total traditional and limited payment long-duration life and health reserves $ 1,898,125 $ 1,553,979 $ 1,778,327 Other long-duration life and health reserves 116,918 127,752 122,532 Short-term life and health reserves 816,626 795,978 860,997 Total life and health reserves, net $ 2,831,669 $ 2,477,709 $ 2,761,856 Reinsurance recoverable 27,588 19,810 23,526 Life and health reserves, gross $ 2,859,257 $ 2,497,519 $ 2,785,382 Traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts The reconciliation of the beginning and ending net liability for the Company's life and health reserves for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Long-term Protection Longevity Long-term Protection Longevity Long-term Protection Longevity Present Value of Expected Net Premiums Balance, beginning of year $ 7,181,905 $ 6,859,347 $ 8,265,658 $ 9,450,775 $ 7,722,807 $ 8,710,380 Beginning balance at original discount rate 9,912,178 9,468,464 8,929,616 10,101,622 7,832,595 8,417,277 Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (46,073) 1,341 124,380 — 132,056 (12,857) Effect of actual variances from expected experience 129,081 (100,539) 495,356 49,882 138,504 (46,910) Foreign exchange and other 7,693 (77,951) 61,698 (1,485) 12,107 702 Adjusted beginning of year balance 10,002,879 9,291,315 9,611,050 10,150,019 8,115,262 8,358,212 Issuances 907,176 3,106,448 1,100,371 813,865 1,271,419 2,249,974 Interest accrual 249,381 303,087 215,148 189,144 183,835 152,388 Net premiums collected (564,741) (1,012,723) (519,987) (668,228) (497,615) (601,195) Foreign exchange and other 157,390 632,042 (494,404) (1,016,336) (143,285) (57,757) Ending balance at original discount rate 10,752,085 12,320,169 9,912,178 9,468,464 8,929,616 10,101,622 Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions (2,238,887) (1,914,504) (2,730,273) (2,609,117) (663,958) (650,847) Balance, end of year $ 8,513,198 $ 10,405,665 $ 7,181,905 $ 6,859,347 $ 8,265,658 $ 9,450,775 Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits Balance, beginning of year $ 8,444,212 $ 7,167,340 $ 9,735,516 $ 9,778,306 $ 9,197,194 $ 9,080,355 Beginning balance at original discount rate 11,279,091 9,735,709 10,405,240 10,400,475 9,253,956 8,758,460 Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (29,989) 1,671 100,464 — 175,808 (17,855) Effect of actual variances from expected experience 124,864 (113,205) 520,942 47,215 198,217 (46,809) Foreign exchange and other 24,331 (89,722) 67,193 (2,935) 11,525 770 Adjusted beginning of year balance 11,398,297 9,534,453 11,093,839 10,444,755 9,639,506 8,694,566 Issuances 910,154 3,111,518 1,095,566 814,178 1,250,111 2,249,787 Interest accrual 269,802 308,484 235,775 194,485 207,736 160,408 Benefit payments (521,918) (885,792) (542,353) (666,887) (503,727) (643,565) Foreign exchange and other 201,607 656,619 (603,736) (1,050,822) (188,386) (60,721) Ending balance at original discount rate 12,257,942 12,725,282 11,279,091 9,735,709 10,405,240 10,400,475 Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions (2,309,437) (1,851,883) (2,834,879) (2,568,369) (669,724) (622,169) Balance, end of year $ 9,948,505 $ 10,873,399 $ 8,444,212 $ 7,167,340 $ 9,735,516 $ 9,778,306 Cumulative impact of flooring $ 4,037 $ 1,828 $ 2,367 $ — $ 194 $ 819 Liability for future policy benefits, after flooring adjustment $ 1,439,344 $ 469,562 $ 1,264,674 $ 307,993 $ 1,470,052 $ 328,350 Less: reinsurance recoverable 7,256 3,525 15,013 3,675 15,214 4,861 Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable $ 1,432,088 $ 466,037 $ 1,249,661 $ 304,318 $ 1,454,838 $ 323,489
Undiscounted Expected Gross Premiums And Expected Future Policy Benefit Payments	The amount of undiscounted and discounted expected future gross premiums and expected future benefit payments for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Long-term Protection Undiscounted expected future gross premiums $ 22,577,821 $ 19,982,118 $ 17,229,187 Undiscounted expected future benefit payments $ 19,981,172 $ 17,642,176 $ 15,441,167 Discounted expected future gross premiums $ 10,835,854 $ 9,162,867 $ 10,592,914 Discounted expected future benefit payments $ 9,948,505 $ 8,444,212 $ 9,735,516 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Longevity Undiscounted expected future gross premiums $ 17,998,514 $ 13,032,711 $ 13,647,768 Undiscounted expected future benefit payments $ 16,929,038 $ 12,199,575 $ 12,752,333 Discounted expected future gross premiums $ 11,284,884 $ 7,485,087 $ 10,331,411 Discounted expected future benefit payments $ 10,873,399 $ 7,167,340 $ 9,778,306
Gross Premiums And Interest Accretion Recognized In Statement Of Operations	The total gross premiums and interest expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Gross Premiums Interest Expense 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Long-term protection $ 744,428 $ 684,990 $ 662,496 $ 20,421 $ 20,627 $ 23,901 Longevity 1,094,934 742,542 692,000 5,397 5,341 8,020 Total $ 1,839,362 $ 1,427,532 $ 1,354,496 $ 25,818 $ 25,968 $ 31,921
Weighted Average Interest Rates	The weighted-average interest rates for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Long-term Protection: Interest accretion rate 2.63 % 2.43 % 2.28 % Current discount rate 4.48 % 4.93 % 2.87 % 2023 2022 2021 Longevity: Interest accretion rate 2.95 % 2.06 % 1.94 % Current discount rate 4.83 % 5.48 % 2.48 %
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross and net liability for life and health reserves	The reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross and net liability of the life and health reserves for short-duration contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Gross liability at beginning of year $ 797,100 $ 864,448 $ 960,198 Reinsurance recoverable at beginning of year 1,122 3,451 6,397 Net liability at beginning of year 795,978 860,997 953,801 Net incurred losses 187,078 157,572 184,872 Net losses paid (190,082) (172,043) (234,501) Effects of foreign exchange rate changes and other 23,652 (50,548) (43,175) Net liability at end of year 816,626 795,978 860,997 Reinsurance recoverable at end of year 16,807 1,122 3,451 Gross liability at end of year $ 833,433 $ 797,100 $ 864,448

Market Risk Benefits (Tables)

Market Risk Benefits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Market Risk Benefit [Abstract]
Market Risk Benefit, Activity	The reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of market risk benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 GMDB Balance, beginning of year $ 122,016 $ (53,011) $ (77,590) Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk 3,676 59,207 63,474 Balance, beginning of year, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk 125,692 6,196 (14,116) Issuances 5,625 1,312 (14,931) Interest accrual 6,081 (1,819) (2,623) Attributed fees collected (29,273) (29,417) (34,371) Benefit payments 3,799 (897) 1,597 Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behaviors (8,415) 5,126 (14,565) Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior (12,111) (3,819) 10,776 Effect of changes in other future assumptions 5,844 4,318 (51,743) Effect of changes in interest rates (12,722) 197,277 82,422 Effect of changes in equity index volatility 11,716 (24,728) (4,634) Effect of changes in equity markets 14,550 (58,497) 31,222 Foreign exchange impact 5,501 (1,715) 439 Other 21,985 32,355 16,723 Balance, end of year, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk $ 138,272 $ 125,692 $ 6,196 Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk 1,302 (3,676) (59,207) Balance, end of year $ 139,574 $ 122,016 $ (53,011) Net amount at risk $ 251,293 $ 603,656 $ 52,320 Weighted-average attained age of contract holders 61 years 61 years 61 years The reconciliation of market risk benefit asset (liability) to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Asset Liability Net Asset Liability Net Market risk benefits $ 144,636 $ 5,062 $ 139,574 $ 131,186 $ 9,170 $ 122,016

Reinsurance (Tables)

Reinsurance (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Ceded reinsurance	Direct, assumed, ceded and net amounts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 Premiums Premiums Losses and Loss Non-life $ 347,351 $ 372,230 $ 188,912 Life and Health — — — Direct $ 347,351 $ 372,230 $ 188,912 Non-life $ 6,646,273 $ 6,643,101 $ 3,346,078 Life and Health 2,108,734 2,108,711 1,838,714 Assumed $ 8,755,007 $ 8,751,812 $ 5,184,792 Non-life $ 1,145,301 $ 1,176,865 $ 352,650 Life and Health 28,145 28,417 30,846 Ceded $ 1,173,446 $ 1,205,282 $ 383,496 Non-life $ 5,848,323 $ 5,838,466 $ 3,182,340 Life and Health 2,080,589 2,080,294 1,807,868 Net $ 7,928,912 $ 7,918,760 $ 4,990,208 2022 Premiums Premiums Losses and Loss Expenses Non-life $ 393,186 $ 377,380 $ 207,301 Life and Health — — — Direct $ 393,186 $ 377,380 $ 207,301 Non-life $ 6,622,236 $ 6,319,389 $ 3,817,630 Life and Health 1,673,857 1,674,091 1,426,584 Assumed $ 8,296,093 $ 7,993,480 $ 5,244,214 Non-life $ 1,116,672 $ 1,085,317 $ 711,697 Life and Health 28,412 28,426 13,946 Ceded $ 1,145,084 $ 1,113,743 $ 725,643 Non-life $ 5,898,750 $ 5,611,452 $ 3,313,234 Life and Health 1,645,445 1,645,665 1,412,638 Net $ 7,544,195 $ 7,257,117 $ 4,725,872 2021 Premiums Premiums Losses and Loss Expenses Non-life $ 421,756 $ 318,058 $ 221,173 Life and Health — — — Direct $ 421,756 $ 318,058 $ 221,173 Non-life $ 6,135,299 $ 5,956,360 $ 3,991,292 Life and Health 1,646,870 1,651,485 1,423,826 Assumed $ 7,782,169 $ 7,607,845 $ 5,415,118 Non-life $ 1,046,227 $ 944,862 $ 769,220 Life and Health 23,680 24,519 16,031 Ceded $ 1,069,907 $ 969,381 $ 785,251 Non-life $ 5,510,828 $ 5,329,556 $ 3,443,245 Life and Health 1,623,190 1,626,966 1,407,795 Net $ 7,134,018 $ 6,956,522 $ 4,851,040

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of debt outstanding	The debt outstanding and the carrying value recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was comprised as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commitment Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Senior notes due 2029 $ 500,000 $ 497,525 $ 484,790 $ 497,073 $ 462,521 Senior notes due 2026 € 750,000 829,304 790,081 794,368 721,807 Junior subordinated notes due 2050 $ 500,000 494,832 432,685 494,638 428,250 Capital efficient notes due 2066 $ 61,924 61,924 55,237 61,924 54,247 Debt $ 1,883,585 $ 1,762,793 $ 1,848,003 $ 1,666,825

Dividend Restrictions and Sta_2

Dividend Restrictions and Statutory Requirements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure - Dividend Restrictions and Statutory Requirements [Abstract]
Statutory measurements	The statutory net income (loss) of PartnerRe Bermuda, PartnerRe Europe, PartnerRe U.S., PartnerRe Asia and PartnerRe Canada for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in millions of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 PartnerRe Bermuda $ 1,138 $ (139) $ 900 PartnerRe Europe $ 383 $ (329) $ 28 PartnerRe U.S. $ 220 $ 242 $ 68 PartnerRe Asia $ 48 $ (35) $ (6) PartnerRe Canada $ 13 $ (14) $ (12) The required and actual statutory capital and surplus of PartnerRe Bermuda, PartnerRe Europe, PartnerRe U.S., PartnerRe Asia and PartnerRe Canada at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in millions of U.S. dollars): PartnerRe Bermuda (1) PartnerRe Europe PartnerRe U.S. PartnerRe Asia PartnerRe Canada 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 Required statutory capital and surplus $ 2,824 $ 2,727 $ 1,564 $ 1,537 $ 1,472 $ 1,356 $ 56 $ 47 $ 1,221 $ 1,144 Actual statutory capital and surplus $ 7,108 $ 5,816 $ 2,971 $ 2,672 $ 2,182 $ 1,928 $ 265 $ 212 $ 1,606 $ 1,392 (1) Required statutory capital and surplus is calculated at the Target Capital Level

Taxation (Tables)

Taxation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of income tax expense	Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Current income tax expense U.S. $ 40,840 $ 93,906 $ 31,216 Non U.S. 11,621 20,622 18,293 Total current income tax expense $ 52,461 $ 114,528 $ 49,509 Deferred income tax (benefit) expense U.S. $ 8,048 $ (14,428) $ (9,404) Non U.S. (390,065) (60,138) 61 Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense $ (382,017) $ (74,566) $ (9,343) Unrecognized tax expense (benefit) U.S. $ — $ — $ — Non U.S. 1,632 1,933 (199) Total unrecognized tax expense (benefit) $ 1,632 $ 1,933 $ (199) Total income tax (benefit) expense U.S. $ 48,888 $ 79,478 $ 21,812 Non U.S. (376,812) (37,583) 18,155 Total income tax (benefit) expense $ (327,924) $ 41,895 $ 39,967
Income before taxes attributable to domestic and foreign operations	Income (loss) before taxes attributable to the Company’s domestic and foreign operations and a reconciliation of the actual income tax rate to the amount computed by applying the effective tax rate of 0% under Bermuda (the Company’s domicile) law to income (loss) before taxes was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Domestic (Bermuda) $ 772,926 $ (95,063) $ 631,852 Foreign 1,217,269 (802,794) 172,303 Income (loss) before taxes $ 1,990,195 $ (897,857) $ 804,155
Reconciliation of effective tax rate	Reconciliation of effective tax rate (% of income (loss) before taxes) Expected tax rate 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % Foreign taxes at local expected tax rates 12.4 15.3 6.7 Impact of foreign exchange gains or losses (1.1) (0.3) (0.1) Unrecognized tax expense (benefit) 0.1 (0.2) — Tax-exempt income and expenses not deductible (3.8) 0.2 (0.3) Foreign branch tax 2.0 4.1 0.1 Valuation allowance (4.3) (20.8) 0.6 Tax legislation change (21.9) — (0.3) Other 0.1 (3.0) (1.7) Actual tax rate (16.5) % (4.7) % 5.0 %
Components of net tax assets and liabilities	The components of net tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Net tax assets $ 563,368 $ 160,634 Net tax liabilities (57,584) (38,576) Net tax assets $ 505,784 $ 122,058 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Net current tax assets $ 109,538 $ 108,836 Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) 408,884 23,931 Net unrecognized tax benefit (12,638) (10,709) Net tax assets $ 505,784 $ 122,058
Significant components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities	Significant components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Deferred tax assets Foreign tax credit carryforwards $ 176,904 $ 211,023 Tax loss carryforwards 104,546 123,597 Unearned premiums 44,878 46,029 Coinsurance funds held 6,237 — Unrealized depreciation and timing differences on investments 96,108 170,720 Bermuda economic transition adjustment 487,265 — Other deferred tax assets 45,019 37,424 $ 960,957 $ 588,793 Valuation allowance (325,150) (386,525) Deferred tax assets $ 635,807 $ 202,268 Deferred tax liabilities Deferred acquisition costs $ 94,144 $ 92,459 Goodwill and other intangibles 55,067 55,882 Coinsurance reserves 16,065 — Discounting of loss reserves and adjustment to life policy reserves 44,406 7,928 Equalization reserves 13,732 8,235 Other deferred tax liabilities 3,509 13,833 Deferred tax liabilities $ 226,923 $ 178,337 Net deferred tax assets $ 408,884 $ 23,931
Total amount of unrecognized tax benefits	The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 10,709 $ 9,276 $ 10,272 Changes in tax positions taken during a prior year 4,773 1,933 (200) Settlements (2,547) — — Impact of the change in foreign currency exchange rates (297) (500) (796) Balance at December 31 $ 12,638 $ 10,709 $ 9,276

Share-Based Incentives (Tables)

Share-Based Incentives (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Activity summary of share-based incentives	The following tables provide activity summaries of the Company's Class B shares, Class C shares, and RSUs outstanding: RSUs (1) Outstanding December 31, 2020 — Granted 263,214 Outstanding December 31, 2021 263,214 Forfeitures (2,964) Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control (260,250) Granted 265,805 Outstanding December 31, 2022 265,805 Forfeitures (29,044) Vested (42,838) Granted 222,093 Outstanding December 31, 2023 416,016 (1) For RSUs, the number of grants in the table are shown at the maximum number that can be attained if the performance conditions are fully met for personal and Company performance. Forfeitures represent adjustments to grants falling below the maximum attainable as a result of not fully meeting the performance conditions. Restricted Class C shares Unrestricted Class C shares Total Class C shares Outstanding December 31, 2020 — — — Granted 7,373 — 7,373 Purchased — 2,072 2,072 Outstanding December 31, 2021 7,373 2,072 9,445 Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control (7,373) (5,819) (13,192) Granted 7,666 3,747 11,413 Outstanding December 31, 2022 7,666 — 7,666 Granted 7,722 — 7,722 RSUs and imputed dividends settled in Class C shares — 44,459 44,459 Outstanding December 31, 2023 15,388 44,459 59,847 Restricted Class B shares Unrestricted Class B shares Total Class B shares Outstanding December 31, 2020 189,166 85,498 274,664 Repurchased (29,048) (22,957) (52,005) Expiration of restricted period (20,298) 20,298 — Outstanding December 31, 2021 139,820 82,839 222,659 Expiration of restricted period (32,168) 32,168 — Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control (107,652) (115,007) (222,659) Outstanding December 31, 2022 — — — Outstanding December 31, 2023 — — —

Retirement Benefit Arrangemen_2

Retirement Benefit Arrangements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Funded status	At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the funded status of the Zurich Plan was as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 Underfunded pension obligation at beginning of year $ 9,538 $ 32,636 Change in pension obligation Service cost $ 7,300 $ 8,746 Interest cost 3,707 373 Plan participants’ contributions 4,194 3,792 Actuarial losses (gains) 18,002 (37,992) Plan amendments (2,606) — Benefits paid 1,775 (4,576) Foreign currency adjustments 18,500 (3,736) Settlements (13,064) — Change in pension obligation $ 37,808 $ (33,393) Change in fair value of plan assets Actual return on plan assets $ 5,590 $ (14,936) Employer contributions 8,396 7,658 Plan participants’ contributions 4,194 3,792 Benefits paid 1,775 (4,576) Foreign currency adjustments 16,658 (2,233) Settlements (13,064) — Change in fair value of plan assets $ 23,549 $ (10,295) Underfunded pension obligation at end of year $ 23,797 $ 9,538 Additional information: Projected benefit obligation at end of year (1) $ 207,336 $ 169,527 Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 183,539 $ 159,989 Underfunded pension obligation at end of year $ 23,797 $ 9,538 Accumulated pension obligation at end of year (2) $ 200,462 $ 167,560 (1) Represents the actuarial present value of all benefits attributed to employee service rendered to December 31, measured using assumptions as to future compensation levels (2) Represents the actuarial present value of benefits (whether vested or non-vested) attributed to employee service rendered and compensation to December 31, with no assumption about future compensation levels
Assumptions used	The assumptions used to determine the Zurich Plan’s pension obligation and net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Pension Net periodic Pension Net periodic Pension Net periodic Discount rate 1.30 % 2.20 % 2.20 % 0.20 % 0.20 % 0.10 % Interest crediting rate 1.30 % 2.20 % 2.20 % 1.00 % 1.00 % 1.00 % Expected long-term return on plan assets — 5.00 % — 4.25 % — 3.50 % Rate of compensation increase 2.25 % 2.25 % 2.25 % 2.00 % 2.00 % 2.00 %
Expected future benefit payments	At December 31, 2023, estimated employer contributions to be paid in 2024 related to the Zurich Plan were $8 million and future benefit payments were estimated to be paid as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Year Amount 2024 $ 13,455 2025 $ 11,660 2026 $ 12,846 2027 $ 11,225 2028 $ 10,689 2029 to 2033 $ 57,052

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Additional information related to operating leases	The following table summarizes the balances related to the Company's total lease expense and provides supplemental other information related to operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 Operating lease costs $ 13,478 $ 12,437 Variable lease costs 1,660 1,292 Sublease income (140) — Total lease costs $ 14,998 $ 13,729 Other information: Operating lease right-of-use assets (1) $ 68,400 $ 71,174 Operating lease liabilities (2) $ 78,881 $ 79,925 Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, non-cash $ 6,517 $ 4,016 Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 13,834 $ 13,545 Weighted-average remaining lease term on operating leases (3) 7.4 Yrs 7.8 Yrs Weighted-average discount rate on operating leases (4) 2.5 % 2.3 % (1) Included in Other assets (2) Included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other (3) Weighted-average remaining lease term is calculated on the basis of the remaining lease term and the lease liability balance for each lease as of the reporting date (4) Weighted-average discount rate is calculated on the basis of the discount rate for the lease that was used to calculate the lease liability balance for each lease as of the reporting date and the remaining balance of the lease payments for each lease as of the reporting date
Contractual maturities of operating lease liabilities	The following table shows the contractual maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands of U.S. dollars): Year Expected cash flows 2024 $ 14,806 2025 14,364 2026 14,203 2027 13,025 2028 8,796 2029 to 2038 20,499 Discount (6,812) Total discounted operating lease liabilities $ 78,881

Related Party Transactions (Tab

Related Party Transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Schedule of Related Party Transactions	Included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 were the following transactions related to the Covéa Group (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 Gross premiums written $ 10,759 Net premiums written $ 10,759 Decrease in unearned premiums $ 305 Net premiums earned $ 11,064 Losses and loss expenses $ 21,697 Acquisition costs $ 33 Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were the following balances related to the Covéa Group (in thousands of U.S. dollars): 2023 2022 Reinsurance balances receivable $ 3,781 $ 3,169 Non-life reserves $ 107,736 $ 95,013 Life and health reserves $ 5,798 $ 1,175 Unearned premiums $ 335 $ 571 Other reinsurance balances payable $ 206 $ 106

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment reporting table	The segment results for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are presented below (in millions of U.S. dollars, except ratios). Segment Information For the year ended December 31, 2023 P&C Specialty Total Life Corporate Total Gross premiums written $ 4,771 $ 2,223 $ 6,994 $ 2,108 $ — $ 9,102 Net premiums written $ 3,909 $ 1,939 $ 5,848 $ 2,081 $ — $ 7,929 Decrease (increase) in unearned premiums 37 (47) (10) — — (10) Net premiums earned $ 3,946 $ 1,892 $ 5,838 $ 2,081 $ — $ 7,919 Losses and loss expenses (2,196) (986) (3,182) (1,808) — (4,990) Acquisition costs (960) (494) (1,454) (109) — (1,563) Technical result $ 790 $ 412 $ 1,202 $ 164 $ — $ 1,366 Other income — — — 40 1 41 Other expenses (92) (39) (131) (118) (214) (463) Underwriting result $ 698 $ 373 $ 1,071 $ 86 n/a $ 944 Net investment income 73 573 646 Allocated underwriting result $ 159 n/a n/a Market risk benefit gains 7 7 Net realized and unrealized investment gains 517 517 Interest expense (58) (58) Amortization of intangible assets (8) (8) Net foreign exchange losses (43) (43) Income tax benefit 328 328 Interest in losses of equity method investments (15) (15) Net income n/a $ 2,318 Loss ratio (1) 55.7 % 52.1 % 54.5 % Acquisition ratio (2) 24.3 26.1 24.9 Technical ratio (3) 80.0 % 78.2 % 79.4 % Other expense ratio (4) 2.3 2.1 2.2 Combined ratio (5) 82.3 % 80.3 % 81.6 % (1) Loss ratio is obtained by dividing losses and loss expenses by net premiums earned. (2) Acquisition ratio is obtained by dividing acquisition costs by net premiums earned. (3) Technical ratio is defined as the sum of the loss ratio and the acquisition ratio. (4) Other expense ratio is obtained by dividing other expenses by net premiums earned. (5) Combined ratio is defined as the sum of the technical ratio and the other expense ratio. Segment Information For the year ended December 31, 2022 P&C Specialty Total Life Corporate Total Gross premiums written $ 5,025 $ 1,990 $ 7,015 $ 1,674 $ — $ 8,689 Net premiums written $ 4,234 $ 1,665 $ 5,899 $ 1,645 $ — $ 7,544 (Increase) decrease in unearned premiums (293) 5 (288) 1 — (287) Net premiums earned $ 3,941 $ 1,670 $ 5,611 $ 1,646 $ — $ 7,257 Losses and loss expenses (2,410) (903) (3,313) (1,413) — (4,726) Acquisition costs (995) (435) (1,430) (107) — (1,537) Technical result $ 536 $ 332 $ 868 $ 126 $ — $ 994 Other income — — — 39 1 40 Other expenses (84) (35) (119) (93) (203) (415) Underwriting result $ 452 $ 297 $ 749 $ 72 n/a $ 619 Net investment income 74 324 398 Allocated underwriting result $ 146 n/a n/a Market risk benefit gains 121 121 Net realized and unrealized investment losses (1,969) (1,969) Interest expense (55) (55) Amortization of intangible assets (9) (9) Net foreign exchange losses (14) (14) Income tax expense (42) (42) Interest in earnings of equity method investments 11 11 Net loss n/a $ (940) Loss ratio 61.2 % 54.1 % 59.0 % Acquisition ratio 25.2 26.0 25.5 Technical ratio 86.4 % 80.1 % 84.5 % Other expense ratio 2.1 2.1 2.1 Combined ratio 88.5 % 82.2 % 86.6 % Segment Information For the year ended December 31, 2021 P&C Specialty Total Life Corporate Total Gross premiums written $ 4,541 $ 2,016 $ 6,557 $ 1,647 $ — $ 8,204 Net premiums written 3,722 1,789 5,511 1,623 — 7,134 (Increase) decrease in unearned premiums (194) 13 (181) 4 — (177) Net premiums earned $ 3,528 $ 1,802 $ 5,330 $ 1,627 $ — $ 6,957 Losses and loss expenses (2,391) (1,052) (3,443) (1,408) — (4,851) Acquisition costs (864) (415) (1,279) (113) — (1,392) Technical result $ 273 $ 335 $ 608 $ 106 $ — $ 714 Other income — — — 26 3 29 Other expenses (71) (30) (101) (88) (210) (399) Underwriting result $ 202 $ 305 $ 507 $ 44 n/a $ 344 Net investment income 81 295 376 Allocated underwriting result $ 125 n/a n/a Market risk benefit gains 20 20 Net realized and unrealized investment gains 38 38 Interest expense (56) (56) Amortization of intangible assets (9) (9) Net foreign exchange losses (36) (36) Income tax expense (40) (40) Interest in earnings of equity method investments 127 127 Net income n/a $ 764 Loss ratio 67.8 % 58.4 % 64.6 % Acquisition ratio 24.5 23.0 24.0 Technical ratio 92.3 % 81.4 % 88.6 % Other expense ratio 2.0 1.7 1.9 Combined ratio 94.3 % 83.1 % 90.5 %
Segment geographic distribution of premiums table	The following table provides the geographic distribution of gross premiums written by region for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages): 2023 2022 2021 North America $ 5,089 56 % $ 5,040 58 % $ 4,649 57 % Europe 2,916 32 2,592 30 2,410 29 Asia, Australia and New Zealand 744 8 720 8 814 10 Latin America and the Caribbean 249 3 223 3 189 2 Middle East, Africa, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 104 1 114 1 142 2 Total $ 9,102 100 % $ 8,689 100 % $ 8,204 100 %
Premiums by segment and line of business	The following table provides the gross premiums written by segment and line of business for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages): 2023 2022 2021 P&C Casualty $ 2,391 $ 2,777 $ 2,145 Catastrophe 1,077 933 924 Property 783 764 809 U.S. health 355 355 351 Multiline and other 105 119 183 Motor 60 77 129 Total P&C $ 4,771 $ 5,025 $ 4,541 Specialty Financial risks $ 693 $ 634 $ 510 Property 449 240 277 Energy 406 346 314 Aviation and space 360 362 416 Marine 203 223 174 Agriculture 47 101 205 Engineering 34 39 100 Multiline and other 31 45 20 Total Specialty $ 2,223 $ 1,990 $ 2,016 Life and Health $ 2,108 $ 1,674 $ 1,647 Total $ 9,102 $ 8,689 $ 8,204
Percentage of premiums through brokers	The Company has two brokers that individually accounted for 10% or more of its gross premiums written during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, as follows: 2023 2022 2021 Aon PLC 26 % 26 % 24 % Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc 25 % 30 % 28 % The following table summarizes the percentage of gross premiums written through these two brokers by segment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: 2023 2022 2021 P&C 65 % 67 % 63 % Specialty 65 % 70 % 66 % Life and Health 5 % 6 % 6 %

Organization (Details)

Organization (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Common shares, shares issued	100,000,000	100,000,000

Significant Accounting Polici_3

Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 Segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of segments	3
Requisite service period	3 years

Adoption of Accounting Pronou_3

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement - Effect of transition adjustment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity		$ 8,424,421		$ 6,397,319		$ 7,357,428	$ 7,041,737
Life and health reserves, gross		2,859,257	[1]	2,497,519	[1]		2,937,823
Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross								$ 22,000
Retained earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity		6,478,960		4,388,506		5,515,902
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity		$ 7,527		70,879		(96,408)		(96,005)
LDTI Impact | Retained earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity				0		$ 0		$ (160,640)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity				108,969			(285,260)
Life and health reserves, gross				$ (12,774)			233,594
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Life and health reserves
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity	[2]						(255,048)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Market risk benefits
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity	[2]						(55,379)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Tax impact of related LDTI adjustments
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity							25,167
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Retained earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity							(160,640)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Retained earnings | Life and health reserves
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity	[2]						(171,047)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Retained earnings | Market risk benefits
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity	[2]						8,095
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Retained earnings | Tax impact of related LDTI adjustments
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity							2,312
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Accumulated other comprehensive loss
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity							(124,620)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Life and health reserves
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity	[2]						(84,001)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Market risk benefits
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity	[2]						(63,474)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Tax impact of related LDTI adjustments
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total increase (decrease) to shareholders' equity							$ 22,855
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Adoption of Accounting Pronou_4

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement - Impact of adoption on life and health reserves (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross	$ 2,859,257	[1]	$ 2,497,519	[1]		$ 2,937,823
Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross			2,510,293				$ 2,704,229
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross			(12,774)			233,594
Life and Health
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross	2,859,257		2,497,519		$ 2,785,382
Less: reinsurance recoverable	(27,588)		(19,810)		(23,526)
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance	2,831,669		2,477,709		2,761,856
Life and Health | Long-term protection
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross	1,439,344		1,264,674		1,470,052	1,474,388
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(2,309,437)		(2,834,879)		(669,724)
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			(46,073)		124,380		132,056
Less: reinsurance recoverable	(7,256)		(15,013)		(15,214)	(28,190)
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance	1,432,088		1,249,661		1,454,838	1,446,198
Life and Health | Long-term protection | Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross							1,243,251
Life and Health | Long-term protection | LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						53,027
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions						178,110
Life and Health | Longevity
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross	469,562		307,993		328,350	369,975
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(1,851,883)		(2,568,369)		(622,169)
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			1,341		0		(12,857)
Less: reinsurance recoverable	(3,525)		(3,675)		(4,861)	(6,222)
Adjusted balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance	$ 466,037		$ 304,318		$ 323,489	363,753
Life and Health | Longevity | Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross							$ 345,306
Life and Health | Longevity | LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions						30,300
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions						$ (5,631)
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Adoption of Accounting Pronou_5

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement - Effect of transition adjustment, MRB (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
		Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Balance, end of year December 31, 2020			$ 122,016
Adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value, except for the difference due to instrument-specific credit risk			7,079		$ 121,211	$ 19,873
Balance, beginning of year January 1, 2021		$ (77,590)	139,574	[1]	122,016
Reconciliation to balance sheet
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value		153,070	144,636		131,186
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value		(230,660)	(5,062)		(9,170)
Net		(77,590)	$ 139,574	[1]	122,016
Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value, except for the difference due to instrument-specific credit risk					0	0
Reconciliation to balance sheet
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value					0		$ 0
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value					0		0
Previously Reported | Liability for Future Policy Benefits Member
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Balance, end of year December 31, 2020	[2]	(22,211)				(22,211)
Reconciliation to balance sheet
Net	[2]						$ (22,211)
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value, except for the difference due to instrument-specific credit risk		8,095			121,211	$ 19,873
Adjustment for the cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk since issuance		(63,474)
Reconciliation to balance sheet
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value		153,070			131,186
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value		$ (230,660)			$ (9,170)
[1] Refer to Note 11 for details on the changes in the MRBs measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Adoption of Accounting Pronou_6

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement - Effect of adoption on previously reported amounts - Balance sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses	$ 1,921,231		$ 1,947,786			$ 901,820
Deferred acquisition costs	1,020,704		1,012,067
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value	144,636		131,186			153,070
Net tax assets	563,368		160,634			182,569
Assets	30,488,489		27,387,200			27,052,894
Life and health reserves, gross	2,859,257	[1]	2,497,519	[1]		2,937,823
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value	5,062		9,170			230,660
Net tax liabilities	57,584		38,576			106,946
Liabilities	22,064,068		20,989,881			20,011,157
Accumulated other comprehensive income	7,527		70,879			(220,625)
Retained earnings	6,478,960		4,388,506			4,902,308
Total shareholders’ equity	8,424,421		6,397,319		$ 7,357,428	7,041,737
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 30,488,489		27,387,200			27,052,894
Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses			1,959,652				$ 901,063
Deferred acquisition costs			1,012,850
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value			0				0
Net tax assets			164,384				182,077
Assets			27,272,413				26,898,575
Life and health reserves, gross			2,510,293				2,704,229
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value			0				0
Net tax liabilities			29,154				131,621
Liabilities			20,984,063				19,571,578
Accumulated other comprehensive income			(7,669)				(96,005)
Retained earnings			4,358,085				5,062,948
Total shareholders’ equity			6,288,350				7,326,997
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity			27,272,413				$ 26,898,575
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses			(11,866)			757
Deferred acquisition costs			(783)
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value			131,186			153,070
Net tax assets			(3,750)			492
Assets			114,787			154,319
Life and health reserves, gross			(12,774)			233,594
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value			9,170			230,660
Net tax liabilities			9,422			(24,675)
Liabilities			5,818			439,579
Accumulated other comprehensive income			78,548			(124,620)
Retained earnings			30,421			(160,640)
Total shareholders’ equity			108,969			(285,260)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity			$ 114,787			$ 154,319
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Adoption of Accounting Pronou_7

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement - Effect of adoption on previously reported amounts - Income statement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
		Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net losses and loss expenses	[1]		$ 4,990,208	$ 4,725,872	$ 4,851,040
Market risk benefit gains			(7,079)	(121,211)	(19,873)
Acquisition costs (1)	[1]		1,563,107	1,537,213	1,391,502
Net foreign exchange losses			42,542	14,774	36,498
Total expenses			7,117,601	6,635,621	6,722,176
(Loss) income before taxes and interest in earnings of equity method investments			2,005,235	(908,678)	677,360
Income tax benefit (expense)			327,924	(41,895)	(39,967)
Net income (loss)			2,318,119	(939,752)	764,188
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholder			2,308,369	(949,502)	720,261
Change in currency translation adjustment			(3,180)	5,670	44,160
Change in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax			(49,984)	99,250	53,053
Change in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax			4,843	49,794	3,825
Comprehensive income (loss)			$ 2,254,767	(772,465)	888,405
Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net losses and loss expenses				4,747,403	4,883,984
Market risk benefit gains				0	0
Acquisition costs (1)				1,540,681	1,386,832
Net foreign exchange losses				29,402	30,883
Total expenses				6,796,459	6,764,708
(Loss) income before taxes and interest in earnings of equity method investments				(1,069,516)	634,828
Income tax benefit (expense)				(31,334)	(38,219)
Net income (loss)				(1,090,029)	723,404
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholder				(1,099,779)	679,477
Change in currency translation adjustment				9,464	43,120
Change in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax				0	0
Change in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax				0	0
Comprehensive income (loss)				(1,067,992)	789,703
Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 | LDTI Impact
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net losses and loss expenses				(21,531)	(32,944)
Market risk benefit gains		$ (8,095)		(121,211)	(19,873)
Acquisition costs (1)				(3,468)	4,670
Net foreign exchange losses				(14,628)	5,615
Total expenses				(160,838)	(42,532)
(Loss) income before taxes and interest in earnings of equity method investments				160,838	42,532
Income tax benefit (expense)				(10,561)	(1,748)
Net income (loss)				150,277	40,784
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholder				150,277	40,784
Change in currency translation adjustment				(3,794)	1,040
Change in discount rate for liability for future policy benefits, net of tax				99,250	53,053
Change in instrument-specific credit risk for market risk benefits, net of tax				49,794	3,825
Comprehensive income (loss)				$ 295,527	$ 98,702
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Adoption of Accounting Pronou_8

Adoption of Accounting Pronouncement - Effect of adoption on previously reported amounts - Cash flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net income (loss)		$ 2,318,119	$ (939,752)	$ 764,188
Market risk benefit gains		(7,079)	(121,211)	(19,873)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable		39,753	(297,170)	(640,614)
Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs		568	(134,704)	(118,069)
Net tax assets and liabilities		(381,549)	(61,891)	5,004
Non-life and life and health reserves		658,698	959,669	873,085
Other, net		182,400	48,805	29,417
Net cash provided by operating activities		$ 2,235,681	1,468,409	1,232,590
Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net income (loss)			(1,090,029)	723,404
Market risk benefit gains			0	0
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable			(325,409)	(637,908)
Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs			(131,236)	(122,739)
Net tax assets and liabilities			(72,452)	3,256
Non-life and life and health reserves			1,009,439	903,324
Other, net			63,433	23,801
Net cash provided by operating activities			1,468,409	1,232,590
LDTI Impact | Accounting Standards Update 2018-12
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net income (loss)			150,277	40,784
Market risk benefit gains	$ (8,095)		(121,211)	(19,873)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses, net of ceded premiums payable			28,239	(2,706)
Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs			(3,468)	4,670
Net tax assets and liabilities			10,561	1,748
Non-life and life and health reserves			(49,770)	(30,239)
Other, net			(14,628)	5,616
Net cash provided by operating activities			$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value - Hierarchy table (D

Fair Value - Hierarchy table (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 01, 2021
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	$ 15,090,056		$ 13,021,914
Short-term investments	1,020,257		523,510
Equities	917,170		929,886
Other invested assets	3,251,412		3,117,861
Total	20,278,895		17,593,171
Market risk benefits, net	139,574	[1]	122,016	$ (77,590)
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	20,418,469		17,715,187
Real estate
Assets
Equities	41,859		63,568
Diversified
Assets
Equities	15,823		9,667
Consumer noncyclical
Assets
Equities	9,227		10,081
Consumer cyclical
Assets
Equities	3,123		4,477
Energy
Assets
Equities	1,700		1,517
Insurance
Assets
Equities	140		42
Finance
Assets
Equities	125		120
Industrials
Assets
Equities	10		96
Fund investments
Assets
Equities	845,163		840,318
Other invested assets	1,391,074		1,307,886
U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	1,736,952		1,797,934
U.S. states, territories and municipalities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	51,642		58,873
Non US sovereign government supranational and government related
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	1,780,318		1,654,532
Corporate bonds
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	6,777,767		5,759,149
Asset-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	15,022		28,364
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	4,728,355		3,723,062
Derivative assets | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	31,565		13,705
Derivative assets | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets			258
Derivative assets | Insurance-linked securities
Assets
Other invested assets	7,235		6,657
Derivative assets | Options and warrants
Assets
Other invested assets	4,390		8,691
Derivative assets | TBAs
Assets
Other invested assets			578
Real estate company investment
Assets
Other invested assets	471,156		491,602
Corporate loans
Assets
Other invested assets	1,372,846	[2]	1,302,807
Notes and loan receivables and notes securitization
Assets
Other invested assets	1,664		3,166
Derivative liabilities | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	(27,669)		(17,336)
Derivative liabilities | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets	(849)		(153)
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Short-term investments	0		0
Equities	42,769		66,226
Other invested assets	0		0
Total	42,769		66,226
Market risk benefits, net	0	[1]	0
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	42,769		66,226
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Real estate
Assets
Equities	39,015		61,754
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Diversified
Assets
Equities	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Consumer noncyclical
Assets
Equities	653		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Consumer cyclical
Assets
Equities	3,095		4,449
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Energy
Assets
Equities	2		3
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Insurance
Assets
Equities	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Finance
Assets
Equities	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Industrials
Assets
Equities	4		20
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Fund investments
Assets
Equities	0		0
Other invested assets	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | U.S. states, territories and municipalities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Non US sovereign government supranational and government related
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Corporate bonds
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Asset-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative assets | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative assets | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets			0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative assets | Insurance-linked securities
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative assets | Options and warrants
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative assets | TBAs
Assets
Other invested assets			0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Real estate company investment
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Corporate loans
Assets
Other invested assets	0	[2]	0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Notes and loan receivables and notes securitization
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative liabilities | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative liabilities | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	15,032,242		12,957,237
Short-term investments	1,020,257		516,603
Equities	140		42
Other invested assets	1,144,704		1,012,581
Total	17,197,343		14,486,463
Market risk benefits, net	0	[1]	0
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	17,197,343		14,486,463
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Real estate
Assets
Equities	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Diversified
Assets
Equities	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Consumer noncyclical
Assets
Equities	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Consumer cyclical
Assets
Equities	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Energy
Assets
Equities	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Insurance
Assets
Equities	140		42
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Finance
Assets
Equities	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Industrials
Assets
Equities	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Fund investments
Assets
Equities	0		0
Other invested assets	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	1,736,952		1,797,934
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | U.S. states, territories and municipalities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	8,850		10,126
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Non US sovereign government supranational and government related
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	1,780,318		1,654,532
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Corporate bonds
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	6,777,767		5,759,149
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Asset-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		12,434
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	4,728,355		3,723,062
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative assets | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	31,565		13,705
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative assets | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets			258
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative assets | Insurance-linked securities
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative assets | Options and warrants
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative assets | TBAs
Assets
Other invested assets			578
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Real estate company investment
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Corporate loans
Assets
Other invested assets	1,141,657	[2]	1,015,529
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Notes and loan receivables and notes securitization
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative liabilities | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	(27,669)		(17,336)
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative liabilities | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets	(849)		(153)
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	57,814	[3]	64,677
Short-term investments	0	[3]	6,907
Equities	29,098	[3]	23,300
Other invested assets	758,832	[3]	833,668
Total	845,744	[3]	928,552
Market risk benefits, net	139,574	[1],[3]	122,016
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	985,318	[3]	1,050,568
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Real estate
Assets
Equities	2,844	[3]	1,814
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Diversified
Assets
Equities	15,823	[3]	9,667
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Consumer noncyclical
Assets
Equities	8,574	[3]	10,081
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Consumer cyclical
Assets
Equities	28	[3]	28
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Energy
Assets
Equities	1,698	[3]	1,514
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Insurance
Assets
Equities	0	[3]	0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Finance
Assets
Equities	125	[3]	120
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Industrials
Assets
Equities	6	[3]	76
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Fund investments
Assets
Equities	0	[3]	0
Other invested assets	43,198	[3]	36,274
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0	[3]	0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | U.S. states, territories and municipalities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	42,792	[3]	48,747
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Non US sovereign government supranational and government related
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0	[3]	0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Corporate bonds
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0	[3]	0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Asset-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	15,022	[3]	15,930
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0	[3]	0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Derivative assets | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	0	[3]	0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Derivative assets | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets			0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Derivative assets | Insurance-linked securities
Assets
Other invested assets	7,235	[3]	6,657
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Derivative assets | Options and warrants
Assets
Other invested assets	4,390	[3]	8,691
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Derivative assets | TBAs
Assets
Other invested assets			0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Real estate company investment
Assets
Other invested assets	471,156	[3]	491,602
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Corporate loans
Assets
Other invested assets	231,189	[2],[3]	287,278
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Notes and loan receivables and notes securitization
Assets
Other invested assets	1,664	[3]	3,166
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Derivative liabilities | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	0	[3]	0
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Derivative liabilities | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets	0	[3]	0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Short-term investments	0		0
Equities	845,163		840,318
Other invested assets	1,347,876		1,271,612
Total	2,193,039		2,111,930
Market risk benefits, net	0	[1]	0
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	2,193,039		2,111,930
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Real estate
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Diversified
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Consumer noncyclical
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Consumer cyclical
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Energy
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Insurance
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Finance
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Industrials
Assets
Equities	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Fund investments
Assets
Equities	845,163		840,318
Other invested assets	1,347,876		1,271,612
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | U.S. states, territories and municipalities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Non US sovereign government supranational and government related
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Corporate bonds
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Asset-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Residential mortgage-backed securities
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Derivative assets | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Derivative assets | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets			0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Derivative assets | Insurance-linked securities
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Derivative assets | Options and warrants
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Derivative assets | TBAs
Assets
Other invested assets			0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Real estate company investment
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Corporate loans
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Notes and loan receivables and notes securitization
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Derivative liabilities | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Assets
Other invested assets	0		0
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient | Derivative liabilities | Interest rate swaps
Assets
Other invested assets	$ 0		$ 0
[1] Refer to Note 11 for details on the changes in the MRBs measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Corporate loans includes a portfolio of third-party, individually managed privately issued corporate loans that are managed under externally managed mandates with a fair value of $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The mandates primarily invest in U.S. floating rate, first lien, senior secured broadly syndicated loans with a focus on facility sizes greater than $300 million. Corporate loans also includes $0.3 billion and $0.3 billion of other privately issued corporate loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for investments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs are presented in the succeeding tables.

Fair Value - Level 3 rollforwar

Fair Value - Level 3 rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 928,552		$ 1,010,025
(Losses) gains included in net income	(2,322)		(82,798)
Purchases	8,465		80,126
Settlements and sales	(45,529)	[1]	(85,155)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	(43,422)		6,354
Balance, end of year	845,744		928,552
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	$ (6,086)		$ (80,316)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Net income (loss)		Net income (loss)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)		Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)
Fixed maturities
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 64,677		$ 111,945
(Losses) gains included in net income	(340)		(13,862)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	(6,523)	[1]	(33,406)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	57,814		64,677
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	(1,730)		(14,108)
Sales	6,000		32,000
Fixed maturities | U.S. states, territories and municipalities
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	48,747		95,181
(Losses) gains included in net income	(340)		(13,862)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	(5,615)	[1]	(32,572)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	42,792		48,747
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	(1,730)		(14,108)
Fixed maturities | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	15,930		16,764
(Losses) gains included in net income	0		0
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	(908)	[1]	(834)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	15,022		15,930
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	0		0
Short-term investments
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	6,907		0
(Losses) gains included in net income	0		0
Purchases	0		6,907
Settlements and sales	(6,907)	[1]	0	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	0		6,907
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	0		0
Equities
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	23,300		23,756
(Losses) gains included in net income	(6)		(2,721)
Purchases	5,835		2,759
Settlements and sales	(31)	[1]	(494)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	29,098		23,300
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	(8)		(2,908)
Equities | Energy
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	1,514		2,368
(Losses) gains included in net income	184		(854)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	0	[1]	0	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	1,698		1,514
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	184		(854)
Equities | Consumer noncyclical
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	10,081		10,081
(Losses) gains included in net income	(1,507)		0
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	0	[1]	0	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	8,574		10,081
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	(1,507)		0
Equities | Real estate
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	1,814		2,097
(Losses) gains included in net income	1,030		(283)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	0	[1]	0	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	2,844		1,814
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	1,030		(283)
Equities | Consumer cyclical
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	28		1,394
(Losses) gains included in net income	0		(1,366)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	0	[1]	0	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	28		28
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	0		(1,366)
Equities | Finance
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	120		128
(Losses) gains included in net income	5		(8)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	0	[1]	0	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	125		120
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	5		(8)
Equities | Industrials
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	76		220
(Losses) gains included in net income	(41)		13
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	(29)	[1]	(157)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	6		76
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	(41)		(53)
Equities | Diversified
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	9,667		7,468
(Losses) gains included in net income	323		(223)
Purchases	5,835		2,759
Settlements and sales	(2)	[1]	(337)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	15,823		9,667
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	321		(344)
Other invested assets
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	833,668		874,324
(Losses) gains included in net income	(1,976)		(66,215)
Purchases	2,630		70,460
Settlements and sales	(32,068)	[1]	(51,255)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	(43,422)		6,354
Balance, end of year	758,832		833,668
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	(4,348)		(63,300)
Sales	30,000		36,000
Other invested assets | Derivatives, net
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	15,348		7,796
(Losses) gains included in net income	577		1,929
Purchases	0		5,631
Settlements and sales	(4,300)	[1]	(8)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	11,625		15,348
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	0		996
Sales	4,000
Other invested assets | Corporate loans
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	287,278		287,527
(Losses) gains included in net income	9,546		1,443
Purchases	2,630		34,543
Settlements and sales	(24,843)	[1]	(42,589)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	(43,422)		6,354
Balance, end of year	231,189		287,278
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	7,792		2,166
Sales	25,000		33,000
Other invested assets | Notes and loan receivables and notes securitization
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	3,166		6,575
(Losses) gains included in net income	90		(594)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	(1,592)	[1]	(2,815)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	1,664		3,166
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	49		2,301
Sales	1,000		3,000
Other invested assets | Fund investments
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	36,274		11,739
(Losses) gains included in net income	8,257		92
Purchases	0		30,286
Settlements and sales	(1,333)	[1]	(5,843)	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	43,198		36,274
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	8,257		322
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment
Fair Value Assets Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	491,602		560,687
(Losses) gains included in net income	(20,446)		(69,085)
Purchases	0		0
Settlements and sales	0	[1]	0	[2]
Level 3 transfers, Net	0		0
Balance, end of year	471,156		491,602
Change in unrealized (losses) gains relating to assets held at end of year	$ (20,446)		$ (69,085)
[1] Included sales of Fixed maturities and Other invested assets of $6 million and $30 million, respectively. Sales of Fixed maturities were comprised of U.S. states, territories and municipalities. Sales of Other invested assets included sales of corporate loans of $25 million, sales of derivatives of $4 million, and sales of notes and loans receivable and notes securitization of $1 million. Included sales of Fixed maturities and Other invested assets of $32 million and $36 million, respectively. Sales of Fixed maturities were comprised of U.S. states, territories and municipalities. Sales of Other invested assets included sales of corporate loans of $33 million and sales of notes and loans receivable and notes securitization of $3 million.

Fair Value - Valuation Techniqu

Fair Value - Valuation Technique and Inputs (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / ft²		Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / sqft $ / ft²	Jan. 01, 2021 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, at fair value	$ 15,090,056		$ 13,021,914
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $2,487; 2022, $nil)	1,020,257		523,510
Other invested assets carried at fair value	3,251,412		3,117,861
Market risk benefits, net	139,574	[1]	122,016	$ (77,590)
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, at fair value	57,814	[2]	64,677
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $2,487; 2022, $nil)	0	[2]	6,907
Other invested assets carried at fair value	758,832	[2]	833,668
Market risk benefits, net	$ 139,574	[1],[2]	$ 122,016
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Mortality rates | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	0.0002		0.0002
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Mortality rates | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	1		1
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Mortality rates | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	0.005		0.005
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Lapse rates | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	0.031		0.032
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Lapse rates | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	0.250		0.257
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Lapse rates | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	0.050		0.085
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Measurement Input, Equity implied long-term volatility | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	18.9		21.6
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Measurement Input, Equity implied long-term volatility | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	28.7		29.7
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | Measurement Input, Equity implied long-term volatility | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	22.5		24.6
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | measurement Input, Swaption implied long-term volatility | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	54.6		60
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | measurement Input, Swaption implied long-term volatility | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	77.7		85.5
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Proprietary option model | measurement Input, Swaption implied long-term volatility | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Market Risk Benefit, Measurement Input	76.5		82.8
U.S. states, territories and municipalities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, at fair value	$ 51,642		$ 58,873
U.S. states, territories and municipalities | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, at fair value	42,792	[2]	48,747
Real estate company investment
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value	471,156		491,602
Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value	471,156	[2]	491,602
Fixed maturities | U.S. states, territories and municipalities | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, at fair value	$ 42,792		$ 48,747
Fixed maturities | U.S. states, territories and municipalities | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, measurement input	0.025		0.027
Fixed maturities | U.S. states, territories and municipalities | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, measurement input	0.027		0.036
Fixed maturities | U.S. states, territories and municipalities | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed maturities, measurement input	0.026		0.034
Short-term investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $2,487; 2022, $nil)			$ 6,907
Short-term investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Short-Term Investments Measurement Input			0.025
Short-term investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Short-Term Investments Measurement Input			0.025
Short-term investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Short-Term Investments Measurement Input			0.025
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value	$ 471,156		$ 491,602
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Estimated rental value | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input | $ / ft²	96		84
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Estimated rental value | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input | $ / ft²	102		90
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Estimated rental value | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input | $ / ft²	100		87
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Reversionary yield | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.050		0.046
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Reversionary yield | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.064		0.053
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Reversionary yield | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.057		0.049
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Net initial yield | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.036		0.022
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Net initial yield | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.054		0.046
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation, Income Approach | Net initial yield | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.048		0.039
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation Technique Comparable Method | Sale value (per sq ft) | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	3,072		1,617
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation Technique Comparable Method | Sale value (per sq ft) | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	5,848		5,459
Other invested assets | Real estate company investment | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Valuation Technique Comparable Method | Sale value (per sq ft) | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	5,171		4,836
Other invested assets | Fund investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value	$ 4,529		$ 6,008
Other invested assets | Fund investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Effective yield | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.007		0.006
Other invested assets | Fund investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Effective yield | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.007		0.006
Other invested assets | Fund investments | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Effective yield | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input	0.007		0.006
Other invested assets | Note securitization | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value			$ 188
Other invested assets | Note securitization | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input			0.025
Other invested assets | Note securitization | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input			0.025
Other invested assets | Note securitization | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets, measurement input			0.025
Other invested assets | Insurance-linked securities longevity swaps | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value	$ 7,235		$ 6,657
Other invested assets | Insurance-linked securities longevity swaps | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	0.060		0.057
Other invested assets | Insurance-linked securities longevity swaps | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	0.060		0.057
Other invested assets | Insurance-linked securities longevity swaps | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (2) | Discounted cash flow | Credit spreads | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	0.060		0.057
[1] Refer to Note 11 for details on the changes in the MRBs measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for investments measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs are presented in the succeeding tables.

Fair Value - Change in fair val

Fair Value - Change in fair value option table (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain/loss	$ 405,068	$ (2,448,700)	$ (175,477)
Fixed maturities and short term investments
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain/loss	390,712	(1,807,048)	(558,466)
Equities
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain/loss	43,420	(505,072)	198,780
Other invested assets
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Change in unrealized gain/loss	$ (29,064)	$ (136,580)	$ 184,209

Fair Value - Investments measur

Fair Value - Investments measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Total fund investments	[1]	$ 2,193,039	$ 2,111,930
Remaining unfunded commitment		444,907	365,682
Equities		917,170	929,886
Other invested assets		3,251,412	3,117,861
Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Equities		845,163	840,318
Other invested assets		1,347,876	1,271,612
Fund investments
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Equities		845,163	840,318
Other invested assets		1,391,074	1,307,886
Fund investments | Fair value based on NAV as practical expedient
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Equities		845,163	840,318
Other invested assets		1,347,876	1,271,612
Public equity funds
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Total fund investments	[1]	648,080	629,125
Remaining unfunded commitment		0	0
Public equity funds | Three years
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Total fund investments		$ 575,000	422,000
Public equity funds | Minimum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Notice period		30 days
Public equity funds | Maximum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Notice period		60 days
Private equity funds
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Total fund investments	[1]	$ 452,387	389,736
Remaining unfunded commitment		$ 106,060	150,458
Private equity funds | Minimum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Liquidating investment, period		5 years
Private equity funds | Maximum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Liquidating investment, period		10 years
Private credit funds
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Total fund investments	[1]	$ 430,788	404,065
Remaining unfunded commitment		$ 228,451	67,815
Private credit funds | Minimum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Liquidating investment, period		5 years
Private credit funds | Maximum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Liquidating investment, period		10 years
Multi-strategy funds
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Total fund investments	[1]	$ 661,784	689,004
Remaining unfunded commitment		110,396	147,409
Multi-strategy funds | Quarterly Redemption Rights
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Total fund investments		$ 235,000	$ 314,000
Notice period		60 days
Redemption restriction period		36 months
Multi-strategy funds | Minimum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Liquidating investment, period		5 years
Multi-strategy funds | Maximum
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share [Line Items]
Liquidating investment, period		10 years
[1] The table above only reflects the Company's investments valued at fair value based on the NAV practical expedient, which includes fund investments of $845 million included in Equities and $1,348 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2023 and fund investments of $840 million included in Equities and $1,272 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2022.

Fair Value - Narrative items (D

Fair Value - Narrative items (Details) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) securities		Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) securities
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value		$ 3,251,412		$ 3,117,861
Total fund investments	[1]	2,193,039		2,111,930
Corporate loans
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value		1,372,846	[2]	1,302,807
Individually managed private issue corporate loans
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value		1,100,000		1,000,000
Minimum threshold for inclusion in managed loan portfolio		300,000		300,000
Other private issue corporate loans
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Other invested assets carried at fair value		300,000		300,000
Public equity funds
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Total fund investments	[1]	648,080		629,125
Public equity funds | Three years
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Total fund investments		575,000		422,000
Multi-strategy funds
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Total fund investments	[1]	661,784		689,004
Multi-strategy funds | Quarterly Redemption Rights
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Total fund investments		235,000		$ 314,000
Other invested assets
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Equity method investments		$ 213,000
Other invested assets | Corporate loans
Fair Value - Other Details [Line Items]
Number of securities transferred into level 3 | securities				5
Transfers into level 3				$ 15,000
Number of securities transferred out of level 3 | securities		15		5
Transfers out of level 3		$ 43,000		$ 9,000
[1] The table above only reflects the Company's investments valued at fair value based on the NAV practical expedient, which includes fund investments of $845 million included in Equities and $1,348 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2023 and fund investments of $840 million included in Equities and $1,272 million included in Other invested assets at December 31, 2022. Corporate loans includes a portfolio of third-party, individually managed privately issued corporate loans that are managed under externally managed mandates with a fair value of $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The mandates primarily invest in U.S. floating rate, first lien, senior secured broadly syndicated loans with a focus on facility sizes greater than $300 million. Corporate loans also includes $0.3 billion and $0.3 billion of other privately issued corporate loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Investments - Net Realized and

Investments - Net Realized and Unrealized Investment (Losses) Gains (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments [Abstract]
Net realized investment (losses) gains on fixed maturities and short-term investments	$ (4,041)	$ 859	$ 19,893
Net realized investment gains on equities	121,378	461,041	78,501
Net realized investment (losses) gains on other invested assets	(6,188)	9,781	103,011
Net realized investment gains	111,149	471,681	201,405
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturities and short-term investments	390,712	(1,807,048)	(558,466)
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) on equities	43,420	(505,072)	198,780
Change in net unrealized investment (losses) gains on other invested assets	(20,975)	(123,694)	196,926
Net other realized and unrealized investment losses	(1,761)	(2,672)	(848)
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses)	411,396	(2,438,486)	(163,608)
Impairment loss on investments in real estate	(5,119)	(2,209)	0
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	$ 517,426	$ (1,969,014)	$ 37,797

Investments - Investment Income

Investments - Investment Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Net investment income		$ 645,685	$ 398,348	$ 376,469
Funds held interest rate, low end of range		0.20%	0.10%	0.10%
Funds held interest rate, high end of range		10.50%	10.90%	7.30%
Fixed maturities
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Net investment income		$ 424,205	$ 310,152	$ 301,391
Short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Net investment income		75,467	17,477	4,860
Other invested assets
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Net investment income		176,065	99,375	90,442
Equities
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Net investment income		19,693	11,118	12,686
Funds held and other (1)
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Net investment income	[1]	6,950	10,801	17,871
Investment Expenses
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Net investment income		$ (56,695)	$ (50,575)	$ (50,781)
[1] The Company generally earns investment income on funds held by reinsured companies based upon a predetermined interest rate, either fixed contractually at the inception of the contract or based upon a recognized index. Interest rates ranged from 0.2% to 10.5%, 0.1% to 10.9% and 0.1% to 7.3% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Investments - Pledged assets an

Investments - Pledged assets and net payable receivable for securities purchased sold (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pledged assets and net payable for securities purchased [Line Items]
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 97,620	$ 137,782
Restricted securities	6,341,000	5,258,000
Other assets
Pledged assets and net payable for securities purchased [Line Items]
Receivable for securities sold	187,000	52,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other
Pledged assets and net payable for securities purchased [Line Items]
Payable for securities purchased	$ 221,000	$ 149,000

Investments - Equity Method Inv

Investments - Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method And Other Shareholdings, Carrying Value	$ 1,883,000	$ 1,856,000
Other invested assets	3,251,412	3,117,861
Proceeds from Equity Method Investment, Distribution	3,000	2,000
Real estate company investment
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other invested assets	471,156	491,602
Almacantar Group S.A. | Real estate company investment
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other invested assets	471,000	492,000
Other invested assets
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investments	$ 213,000	$ 237,000
Other invested assets | Almacantar Group S.A.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	36%	36%

Derivatives - Balance Sheet (De

Derivatives - Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset derivatives at fair value	[1]	$ 43,190,000	$ 29,889,000
Liability derivatives at fair value	[1]	(28,518,000)	(17,489,000)
Derivatives designated as hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Net notional exposure		0	0
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset derivatives at fair value		43,190,000	29,889,000
Liability derivatives at fair value		(28,518,000)	(17,489,000)
Fair value		14,672,000	12,400,000
Derivatives not designated as hedges | Foreign exchange forward contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset derivatives at fair value		31,565,000	13,705,000
Liability derivatives at fair value		(27,669,000)	(17,336,000)
Fair value		3,896,000	(3,631,000)
Net notional exposure		4,205,417,000	4,277,894,000
Derivatives not designated as hedges | Insurance-linked securities
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset derivatives at fair value	[2]	7,235,000	6,657,000
Liability derivatives at fair value	[2]	0	0
Fair value	[2]	7,235,000	6,657,000
Net notional exposure	[2]	9,700,000	16,937,000
Derivatives not designated as hedges | Interest rate swaps
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset derivatives at fair value	[3]	0	258,000
Liability derivatives at fair value	[3]	(849,000)	(153,000)
Fair value	[3]	(849,000)	105,000
Net notional exposure	[3]	0	0
Derivatives not designated as hedges | TBAs
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset derivatives at fair value			578,000
Liability derivatives at fair value			0
Fair value			578,000
Net notional exposure			0
Derivatives not designated as hedges | Options and warrants
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset derivatives at fair value		4,390,000	8,691,000
Liability derivatives at fair value		0	0
Fair value		4,390,000	8,691,000
Net notional exposure		$ 8,898,000	$ 8,815,000
[1] Amounts include all derivative instruments, irrespective of whether there is a legally enforceable master netting arrangement in place. Insurance-linked securities include longevity swaps for which the notional amounts are not reflective of the overall potential exposure of the swaps. The net notional exposure above includes the Company's best estimate of the present value of future expected claims. The Company enters into interest rate swaps to mitigate notional exposures on certain total return swaps and certain fixed maturities. The net notional exposure for interest rate swaps above relates to fixed maturities.

Derivatives - Income Statement

Derivatives - Income Statement (Details) - Derivatives not designated as hedges - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total included in Net foreign exchange losses	$ (38,858)	$ (34,902)	$ (16,788)
Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains	(2,262)	13,554	12,903
Total derivatives not designated as hedges	(41,120)	(21,348)	(3,885)
Foreign exchange forward contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total included in Net foreign exchange losses	(38,858)	(34,902)	(16,788)
Insurance-linked securities
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains	(1,754)	2,049	4,807
Total return swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains	(5)	934	1,430
Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains	(951)	10,594	7,020
TBAs
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains	448	(23)	(56)
Other
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total included in Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains	$ 0	$ 0	$ (298)

Derivatives - Offsetting (Detai

Derivatives - Offsetting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross amounts of recognized, asset	[1]	$ 43,190	$ 29,889
Gross amount offset in the balance sheet		0	0
Net amounts of asset/ liabilities presented in the balance sheet, asset		43,190	29,889
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet, financial instruments, asset		0	(258)
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet, cash collateral received/ pledged		(41,747)	(37,262)
Net amount, asset		1,443	(7,631)
Gross amounts of recognized, liability	[1]	(28,518)	(17,489)
Gross amount offset in the balance sheet		0	0
Net amounts presented in the balance sheet, liability		(28,518)	(17,489)
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet, financial instruments, liability		0	258
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet, cash collateral received		16,220	15,978
Net amount, liability		$ (12,298)	$ (1,253)
[1] Amounts include all derivative instruments, irrespective of whether there is a legally enforceable master netting arrangement in place.

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 456,380	$ 456,380	$ 456,380
Foreign currency translation	0	0	0
Balance at end of year	456,380	456,380	456,380
Balance at beginning of year	89,769	98,818	107,669
Total foreign currency translation	50	(137)	10
Amortization of intangible assets	(7,906)	(8,912)	(8,861)
Balance at end of year	81,913	89,769	98,818
Definite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	80,214	89,263	98,114
Foreign currency translation	50	(137)	10
Amortization of intangible assets	(7,906)	(8,912)	(8,861)
Balance at end of year	72,358	80,214	89,263
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	9,555	9,555	9,555
Foreign currency translation	0	0	0
Balance at end of year	$ 9,555	$ 9,555	$ 9,555

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_3

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Gross Values And Amortization Of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets excluding goodwill	$ 200,962	$ 200,912
Accumulated amortization	(119,049)	(111,143)
Intangible assets	81,913	89,769	$ 98,818	$ 107,669
Definite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets excluding goodwill	191,407	191,357
Accumulated amortization	(119,049)	(111,143)
Intangible assets	72,358	80,214	89,263	98,114
Definite-lived intangible assets | Renewal rights
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets excluding goodwill	48,163	48,163
Accumulated amortization	(44,985)	(43,032)
Intangible assets	3,178	5,131
Definite-lived intangible assets | Customer relationships
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets excluding goodwill	67,661	67,611
Accumulated amortization	(60,532)	(56,850)
Intangible assets	7,129	10,761
Definite-lived intangible assets | Life VOBA
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets excluding goodwill	75,583	75,583
Accumulated amortization	(13,532)	(11,261)
Intangible assets	$ 62,051	64,322
Estimated useful life of intangible assets	100 years
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 9,555	9,555	$ 9,555	$ 9,555
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | Licensing Agreements
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets excluding goodwill	9,555	9,555
Intangible assets	$ 9,555	$ 9,555
Minimum | Definite-lived intangible assets | Renewal rights
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of intangible assets	10 years
Minimum | Definite-lived intangible assets | Customer relationships
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of intangible assets	10 years
Maximum | Definite-lived intangible assets | Renewal rights
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of intangible assets	13 years
Maximum | Definite-lived intangible assets | Customer relationships
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of intangible assets	13 years

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_4

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Allocation to Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill allocation to segments
Goodwill	$ 456,380	$ 456,380	$ 456,380	$ 456,380
P&C
Goodwill allocation to segments
Goodwill	242,376	242,376
Specialty
Goodwill allocation to segments
Goodwill	196,047	196,047
Life and Health
Goodwill allocation to segments
Goodwill	$ 17,957	$ 17,957

Goodwill and Intangible Asset_5

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Future Amortization of Finite Intangibles (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Estimated amortization expense
2024	$ 7,256
2025	6,437
2026	2,294
2027	2,640
2028	2,423
Thereafter	51,308
Total	72,358
VOBA
Estimated amortization expense
2024	2,296
2025	2,070
2026	1,892
2027	2,238
2028	2,247
Thereafter	51,308
Total	62,051
Other definite- lived intangible assets
Estimated amortization expense
2024	4,960
2025	4,367
2026	402
2027	402
2028	176
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 10,307

Deferred Acquisition Costs (Det

Deferred Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Beginning Balance		$ 1,012,067
Acquisition costs	[1]	(1,563,107)	$ (1,537,213)	$ (1,391,502)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Ending Balance		1,020,704	1,012,067
Life and Health
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Beginning Balance		311,000
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Ending Balance		321,000	311,000
Life and Health | Long-term protection
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Beginning Balance		311,362	298,783	270,170
Capitalizations		38,056	67,432	69,548
Acquisition costs		(32,012)	(31,467)	(29,696)
Foreign exchange effect		3,200	(23,386)	(11,239)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Ending Balance		320,606	311,362	$ 298,783
Non Life
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Beginning Balance		701,000
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Ending Balance		$ 700,000	$ 701,000
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Non-life Reserves - Components

Non-life Reserves - Components of Non-life reserves (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Components of non-life reserves [Line Items]
Non-life reserves	[1]	$ 13,151,309	$ 12,725,631
Non Life
Components of non-life reserves [Line Items]
Case reserves		5,148,325	5,110,575
ACRs		190,071	159,821
IBNR reserves		7,812,913	7,455,235
Non-life reserves		$ 13,151,309	$ 12,725,631	$ 12,047,792	$ 11,395,321
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Non-life Reserves - Non Life lo

Non-life Reserves - Non Life loss and loss expenses rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Roll Forward]
Gross liability at beginning of year	[1]	$ 12,725,631
Reinsurance recoverable at beginning of year		1,947,786
Net paid losses related to:
Reinsurance recoverable at end of year		1,921,231	$ 1,947,786
Gross liability at end of year	[1]	13,151,309	12,725,631
Non Life
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Roll Forward]
Gross liability at beginning of year		12,725,631	12,047,792	$ 11,395,321
Reinsurance recoverable at beginning of year		1,851,811	1,532,666	782,330
Net liability at beginning of year		10,873,820	10,515,126	10,612,991
Net incurred losses related to:
Current year		3,229,633	3,533,087	3,637,671
Prior years		(47,293)	(219,853)	(194,426)
Net incurred losses		3,182,340	3,313,234	3,443,245
Net paid losses related to:
Current year		(416,151)	(419,633)	(437,938)
Prior years		(2,316,451)	(2,238,503)	(2,535,057)
Total Non-life Claims Paid		(2,732,602)	(2,658,136)	(2,972,995)
Retroactive reinsurance recoverable		(93,378)	(35,695)	(357,864)
Effects of foreign exchange rate changes and other		155,882	(260,709)	(210,251)
Net liability at end of year		11,386,062	10,873,820	10,515,126
Reinsurance recoverable at end of year		1,765,247	1,851,811	1,532,666
Gross liability at end of year		13,151,309	12,725,631	$ 12,047,792
Loss portfolio transfer, reinsurance recoverable, amount		485,000	394,000
Loss portfolio transfer and adverse development cover agreement deferred gain		$ 99,000	$ 47,000
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Non-life Reserves - Asbestos, a

Non-life Reserves - Asbestos, and environmental claims (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Liability for Future Policy Benefits and Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]
Net non-life reserves related to asbestos and environmental claims	$ 40	$ 42
Gross non-life reserves related to asbestos and environmental claims	$ 47	$ 49

Non-life Reserves - Reconciliat

Non-life Reserves - Reconciliation of claims development to liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses		$ 1,921,231	$ 1,947,786		$ 901,820
Gross liability at end of year	[1]	13,151,309	12,725,631
Non Life
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Total outstanding liability for unpaid claims		11,095,976
Other liabilities		290,086
Net liability at end of year		11,386,062	10,873,820	$ 10,515,126		$ 10,612,991
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses		1,765,247	1,851,811	1,532,666		782,330
Gross liability at end of year		13,151,309	$ 12,725,631	$ 12,047,792		$ 11,395,321
Non Life | Unallocated loss expenses
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Other liabilities		130,717
Non Life | US Health net reserves
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Other liabilities	[2]	156,570
Non Life | Other
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Other liabilities		2,799
Non Life | Property
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Total outstanding liability for unpaid claims		1,908,065
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses		763,028
Non Life | Casualty
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Total outstanding liability for unpaid claims		6,176,122
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses		698,223
Non Life | Specialty
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Total outstanding liability for unpaid claims		3,011,789
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses		$ 303,996
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Non-life Reserves - Claims deve

Non-life Reserves - Claims development (Details) - Non Life - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	$ 29,156,011
Net paid losses and loss expenses	19,303,483
Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles	9,852,528
All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance	1,243,448
Net liability at end of year	11,095,976
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	$ 6,350,982
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age:
Year One	13%
Year Two	29%
Year Three	15%
Year Four	10%
Year Five	6%
Year Six	5%
Year Seven	4%
Year Eight	3%
Year Nine	2%
Year Ten	2%
2014
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	$ 2,233,339	$ 2,232,454	$ 2,262,546	$ 2,277,135	$ 2,315,021	$ 2,353,759	$ 2,349,869	$ 2,368,967	$ 2,514,200	$ 2,481,720
Net paid losses and loss expenses	2,243,258	2,196,720	2,164,676	2,118,939	2,044,804	1,946,054	1,810,171	1,594,146	1,291,273	336,270
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	50,959
2015
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	2,435,356	2,432,324	2,451,141	2,475,960	2,520,182	2,550,830	2,527,784	2,611,184	2,502,854
Net paid losses and loss expenses	2,240,255	2,198,481	2,142,234	2,067,935	1,959,722	1,798,537	1,564,173	1,159,655	306,562
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	87,537
2016
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	2,472,778	2,476,383	2,484,069	2,467,920	2,486,199	2,516,126	2,559,851	2,451,204
Net paid losses and loss expenses	2,302,984	2,211,977	2,123,169	2,030,728	1,893,694	1,627,697	1,272,443	321,351
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	95,112
2017
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	2,660,319	2,658,571	2,663,904	2,651,730	2,698,916	2,801,179	2,549,737
Net paid losses and loss expenses	2,436,391	2,314,529	2,195,236	2,072,838	1,804,959	1,421,140	394,394
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	159,021
2018
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	3,015,217	3,009,359	2,972,766	2,969,810	2,974,243	2,596,552
Net paid losses and loss expenses	2,490,887	2,283,931	2,093,543	1,811,055	1,276,542	271,827
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	334,532
2019
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	3,531,407	3,523,443	3,510,991	3,519,556	2,931,280
Net paid losses and loss expenses	2,640,483	2,341,116	1,961,928	1,438,793	462,939
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	637,205
2020
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	3,480,994	3,499,097	3,586,462	4,186,395
Net paid losses and loss expenses	2,106,017	1,805,063	1,277,034	480,122
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	859,604
2021
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	2,836,450	2,829,876	2,880,141
Net paid losses and loss expenses	1,531,660	1,088,143	373,191
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	1,435,501
2022
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	3,374,321	3,410,844
Net paid losses and loss expenses	914,038	394,598
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	1,723,904
2023
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	3,115,830
Net paid losses and loss expenses	397,510
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	967,607
Property
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	7,227,449
Net paid losses and loss expenses	5,569,388
Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles	1,658,061
All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance	250,004
Net liability at end of year	1,908,065
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	$ 1,250,963
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age:
Year One	15%
Year Two	41%
Year Three	16%
Year Four	6%
Year Five	3%
Year Six	2%
Year Seven	1%
Year Eight	1%
Year Nine	0%
Year Ten	1%
Property | 2014
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	$ 445,152	444,808	447,894	447,816	450,487	452,907	458,609	463,409	488,446	469,568
Net paid losses and loss expenses	448,276	445,375	444,798	442,581	438,152	432,567	423,339	395,102	323,309	95,013
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	298
Property | 2015
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	524,453	523,475	525,203	519,568	524,147	528,106	537,792	565,816	537,193
Net paid losses and loss expenses	503,399	501,524	498,557	489,195	481,879	469,036	435,539	330,876	85,015
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	3,605
Property | 2016
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	620,491	623,593	624,375	622,562	625,873	644,349	681,050	663,490
Net paid losses and loss expenses	613,854	609,257	604,980	595,159	579,381	538,988	446,804	132,914
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	8,045
Property | 2017
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	909,849	910,105	915,166	923,025	952,613	1,022,186	971,607
Net paid losses and loss expenses	882,726	870,638	862,942	853,945	805,627	694,240	214,026
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	12,314
Property | 2018
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	766,684	766,591	778,867	799,735	820,675	805,960
Net paid losses and loss expenses	709,211	687,439	666,919	628,458	494,608	81,830
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	16,456
Property | 2019
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	714,189	711,928	720,079	782,453	703,097
Net paid losses and loss expenses	627,924	586,587	545,163	426,566	78,527
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	32,277
Property | 2020
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,056,274	1,061,772	1,070,935	1,252,575
Net paid losses and loss expenses	772,952	681,851	515,030	115,165
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	132,920
Property | 2021
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	914,749	918,629	919,517
Net paid losses and loss expenses	639,577	491,546	121,453
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	253,718
Property | 2022
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	859,807	944,920
Net paid losses and loss expenses	279,970	103,876
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	457,178
Property | 2023
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	415,801
Net paid losses and loss expenses	91,499
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	334,152
Casualty
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	10,473,638
Net paid losses and loss expenses	5,175,221
Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles	5,298,417
All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance	877,705
Net liability at end of year	6,176,122
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	$ 3,681,393
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age:
Year One	9%
Year Two	12%
Year Three	13%
Year Four	12%
Year Five	12%
Year Six	11%
Year Seven	10%
Year Eight	7%
Year Nine	4%
Year Ten	5%
Casualty | 2014
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	$ 740,555	739,605	753,383	766,415	791,768	826,000	810,349	814,622	848,698	804,571
Net paid losses and loss expenses	692,148	654,893	631,367	594,035	536,883	470,964	387,182	292,152	189,458	69,119
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	34,090
Casualty | 2015
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	717,382	714,608	726,451	751,652	770,242	803,497	761,091	783,275	699,327
Net paid losses and loss expenses	702,472	667,748	627,964	577,907	505,067	398,790	303,213	184,520	73,252
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	57,407
Casualty | 2016
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	747,434	747,402	750,268	740,047	747,814	767,366	756,954	670,767
Net paid losses and loss expenses	667,058	586,050	520,069	455,982	369,651	244,560	140,081	28,304
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	61,476
Casualty | 2017
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	724,138	720,732	716,862	709,881	720,966	743,114	621,095
Net paid losses and loss expenses	596,996	488,164	411,806	334,296	246,615	157,792	55,617
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	94,614
Casualty | 2018
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	927,658	920,169	903,353	895,978	905,491	767,559
Net paid losses and loss expenses	699,190	532,717	425,887	323,510	201,190	59,105
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	236,104
Casualty | 2019
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,282,398	1,273,687	1,272,980	1,226,210	999,955
Net paid losses and loss expenses	731,677	580,304	430,192	274,821	100,639
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	494,696
Casualty | 2020
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,086,082	1,094,890	1,115,751	1,344,430
Net paid losses and loss expenses	410,337	304,592	176,740	112,281
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	601,415
Casualty | 2021
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	987,435	967,726	1,013,896
Net paid losses and loss expenses	329,578	225,846	80,434
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	886,905
Casualty | 2022
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,561,575	1,495,131
Net paid losses and loss expenses	173,769	120,660
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	888,080
Casualty | 2023
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,698,981
Net paid losses and loss expenses	171,996
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	326,606
Specialty
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	11,454,924
Net paid losses and loss expenses	8,558,874
Net reserves for accident years and exposures included in the triangles	2,896,050
All outstanding liabilities before accident year 2014, net of reinsurance	115,739
Net liability at end of year	3,011,789
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	$ 1,418,626
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age:
Year One	15%
Year Two	36%
Year Three	17%
Year Four	10%
Year Five	4%
Year Six	2%
Year Seven	1%
Year Eight	1%
Year Nine	1%
Year Ten	1%
Specialty | 2014
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	$ 1,047,632	1,048,041	1,061,269	1,062,904	1,072,766	1,074,852	1,080,911	1,090,936	1,177,056	1,207,581
Net paid losses and loss expenses	1,102,834	1,096,452	1,088,511	1,082,323	1,069,769	1,042,523	999,650	906,892	778,506	$ 172,138
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	16,571
Specialty | 2015
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,193,521	1,194,241	1,199,487	1,204,740	1,225,793	1,219,227	1,228,901	1,262,093	1,266,334
Net paid losses and loss expenses	1,034,384	1,029,209	1,015,713	1,000,833	972,776	930,711	825,421	644,259	$ 148,295
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	26,525
Specialty | 2016
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,104,853	1,105,388	1,109,426	1,105,311	1,112,512	1,104,411	1,121,847	1,116,947
Net paid losses and loss expenses	1,022,072	1,016,670	998,120	979,587	944,662	844,149	685,558	$ 160,133
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	25,591
Specialty | 2017
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,026,332	1,027,734	1,031,876	1,018,824	1,025,337	1,035,879	957,035
Net paid losses and loss expenses	956,669	955,727	920,488	884,597	752,717	569,108	$ 124,751
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	52,093
Specialty | 2018
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,320,875	1,322,599	1,290,546	1,274,097	1,248,077	1,023,033
Net paid losses and loss expenses	1,082,486	1,063,775	1,000,737	859,087	580,744	$ 130,892
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	81,972
Specialty | 2019
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,534,820	1,537,828	1,517,932	1,510,893	1,228,228
Net paid losses and loss expenses	1,280,882	1,174,225	986,573	737,406	$ 283,773
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	110,232
Specialty | 2020
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,338,638	1,342,435	1,399,776	1,589,390
Net paid losses and loss expenses	922,728	818,620	585,264	$ 252,676
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	125,269
Specialty | 2021
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	934,266	943,521	946,728
Net paid losses and loss expenses	562,505	370,751	$ 171,304
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	294,878
Specialty | 2022
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	952,939	970,793
Net paid losses and loss expenses	460,299	$ 170,062
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	378,646
Specialty | 2023
Claims Development [Line Items]
Net incurred losses and loss expenses	1,001,048
Net paid losses and loss expenses	134,015
Total of IBNR plus expected development on reported claims	$ 306,849

Life and Health Reserves - Gros

Life and Health Reserves - Gross and net liability for life and health reserves (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Life and health reserves, gross	$ 2,859,257	[1]	$ 2,497,519	[1]		$ 2,937,823
Life and Health
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Total life and health reserves, net	2,831,669		2,477,709		$ 2,761,856
Reinsurance recoverable	27,588		19,810		23,526
Life and health reserves, gross	2,859,257		2,497,519		2,785,382
Life and Health | Traditional and limited payment long duration contracts
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Total life and health reserves, net	1,898,125		1,553,979		1,778,327
Life and Health | Long-term protection
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Total life and health reserves, net	1,432,088		1,249,661		1,454,838	1,446,198
Reinsurance recoverable	7,256		15,013		15,214	28,190
Life and health reserves, gross	1,439,344		1,264,674		1,470,052	1,474,388
Life and Health | Longevity
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Total life and health reserves, net	466,037		304,318		323,489	363,753
Reinsurance recoverable	3,525		3,675		4,861	6,222
Life and health reserves, gross	469,562		307,993		328,350	$ 369,975
Life and Health | Other long-duration life and health reserves
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Total life and health reserves, net	116,918		127,752		122,532
Life and Health | Short-duration life and heath contracts
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Total life and health reserves, net	816,626		795,978		860,997		$ 953,801
Reinsurance recoverable	16,807		1,122		3,451		6,397
Life and health reserves, gross	$ 833,433		$ 797,100		$ 864,448		$ 960,198
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Life and Health Reserves - Reco

Life and Health Reserves - Reconciliation of beginning and ending net liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Liability for future policy benefits, after flooring adjustment	$ 2,859,257	[1]	$ 2,497,519	[1]		$ 2,937,823
Life and Health
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Liability for future policy benefits, after flooring adjustment	2,859,257		2,497,519		$ 2,785,382
Less: reinsurance recoverable	27,588		19,810		23,526
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	2,831,669		2,477,709		2,761,856
Life and Health | Traditional and limited payment long duration contracts
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	1,898,125		1,553,979		1,778,327
Life and Health | Long-term protection
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	7,181,905		8,265,658		7,722,807
Beginning balance at original discount rate	9,912,178		8,929,616		7,832,595
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(46,073)		124,380		132,056
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	129,081		495,356		138,504
Foreign exchange and other	7,693		61,698		12,107
Adjusted beginning of year balance	10,002,879		9,611,050		8,115,262
Issuances	907,176		1,100,371		1,271,419
Interest accrual	249,381		215,148		183,835
Net premiums collected	(564,741)		(519,987)		(497,615)
Foreign exchange effect	157,390		(494,404)		(143,285)
Ending balance at original discount rate	10,752,085		9,912,178		8,929,616
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(2,238,887)		(2,730,273)		(663,958)
Balance, end of year	8,513,198		7,181,905		8,265,658
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	8,444,212		9,735,516		9,197,194
Beginning balance at original discount rate	11,279,091		10,405,240		9,253,956
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(29,989)		100,464		175,808
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	124,864		520,942		198,217
Foreign exchange and other	24,331		67,193		11,525
Adjusted beginning of year balance	11,398,297		11,093,839		9,639,506
Issuances	910,154		1,095,566		1,250,111
Interest accrual	269,802		235,775		207,736
Benefit payments	(521,918)		(542,353)		(503,727)
Foreign exchange effect	201,607		(603,736)		(188,386)
Ending balance at original discount rate	12,257,942		11,279,091		10,405,240
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(2,309,437)		(2,834,879)		(669,724)
Balance, end of year	9,948,505		8,444,212		9,735,516
Cumulative impact of flooring	4,037		2,367		194
Liability for future policy benefits, after flooring adjustment	1,439,344		1,264,674		1,470,052	1,474,388
Less: reinsurance recoverable	7,256		15,013		15,214	28,190
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	1,432,088		1,249,661		1,454,838	1,446,198
Life and Health | Longevity
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	6,859,347		9,450,775		8,710,380
Beginning balance at original discount rate	9,468,464		10,101,622		8,417,277
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,341		0		(12,857)
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(100,539)		49,882		(46,910)
Foreign exchange and other	(77,951)		(1,485)		702
Adjusted beginning of year balance	9,291,315		10,150,019		8,358,212
Issuances	3,106,448		813,865		2,249,974
Interest accrual	303,087		189,144		152,388
Net premiums collected	(1,012,723)		(668,228)		(601,195)
Foreign exchange effect	632,042		(1,016,336)		(57,757)
Ending balance at original discount rate	12,320,169		9,468,464		10,101,622
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(1,914,504)		(2,609,117)		(650,847)
Balance, end of year	10,405,665		6,859,347		9,450,775
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	7,167,340		9,778,306		9,080,355
Beginning balance at original discount rate	9,735,709		10,400,475		8,758,460
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,671		0		(17,855)
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(113,205)		47,215		(46,809)
Foreign exchange and other	(89,722)		(2,935)		770
Adjusted beginning of year balance	9,534,453		10,444,755		8,694,566
Issuances	3,111,518		814,178		2,249,787
Interest accrual	308,484		194,485		160,408
Benefit payments	(885,792)		(666,887)		(643,565)
Foreign exchange effect	656,619		(1,050,822)		(60,721)
Ending balance at original discount rate	12,725,282		9,735,709		10,400,475
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(1,851,883)		(2,568,369)		(622,169)
Balance, end of year	10,873,399		7,167,340		9,778,306
Cumulative impact of flooring	1,828		0		819
Liability for future policy benefits, after flooring adjustment	469,562		307,993		328,350	369,975
Less: reinsurance recoverable	3,525		3,675		4,861	6,222
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$ 466,037		$ 304,318		$ 323,489	$ 363,753
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Life and Health Reserves - Expe

Life and Health Reserves - Expected future gross premiums and future benefit payments (Details) - Life and Health - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term protection
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Undiscounted expected future gross premiums	$ 22,577,821	$ 19,982,118	$ 17,229,187
Undiscounted expected future benefit payments	19,981,172	17,642,176	15,441,167
Longevity
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Undiscounted expected future gross premiums	17,998,514	13,032,711	13,647,768
Undiscounted expected future benefit payments	$ 16,929,038	$ 12,199,575	$ 12,752,333

Life and Health Reserves - Gr_2

Life and Health Reserves - Gross premiums and interest accretion (Details) - Life and Health - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Traditional and limited payment long duration contracts
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income	$ 1,839,362	$ 1,427,532	$ 1,354,496
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense	25,818	25,968	31,921
Long-term protection
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income	744,428	684,990	662,496
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense	20,421	20,627	23,901
Longevity
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income	1,094,934	742,542	692,000
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense	$ 5,397	$ 5,341	$ 8,020

Life and Health Reserves - Weig

Life and Health Reserves - Weighted-average interest rates (Details) - Life and Health - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Long-term protection
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Interest accretion rate	2.63%	2.43%	2.28%
Current discount rate	4.48%	4.93%	2.87%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change	$ 9,948,505	$ 8,444,212	$ 9,735,516	$ 9,197,194
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance	$ 10,835,854	$ 9,162,867	$ 10,592,914
Longevity
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Interest accretion rate	2.95%	2.06%	1.94%
Current discount rate	4.83%	5.48%	2.48%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change	$ 10,873,399	$ 7,167,340	$ 9,778,306	$ 9,080,355
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance	$ 11,284,884	$ 7,485,087	$ 10,331,411

Life and Health Reserves - Shor

Life and Health Reserves - Short duration rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Loss and Loss Expenses Including Life Policy Benefits [Line Items]
Gross liability at beginning of period	[1]	$ 2,497,519
Gross liability at end of period	[1]	2,859,257	$ 2,497,519
Life and Health
Reconciliation of Loss and Loss Expenses Including Life Policy Benefits [Line Items]
Gross liability at beginning of period		2,497,519	2,785,382
Net liability at beginning of year		2,477,709	2,761,856
Net liability at end of year		2,831,669	2,477,709	$ 2,761,856
Gross liability at end of period		2,859,257	2,497,519	2,785,382
Less: reinsurance recoverable		27,588	19,810	23,526
Life and Health | Short-duration life and heath contracts
Reconciliation of Loss and Loss Expenses Including Life Policy Benefits [Line Items]
Gross liability at beginning of period		797,100	864,448	960,198
Net liability at beginning of year		795,978	860,997	953,801
Net incurred losses		187,078	157,572	184,872
Net losses paid		(190,082)	(172,043)	(234,501)
Effects of foreign exchange rate changes and other		23,652	(50,548)	(43,175)
Net liability at end of year		816,626	795,978	860,997
Gross liability at end of period		833,433	797,100	864,448
Less: reinsurance recoverable		$ 16,807	$ 1,122	$ 3,451	$ 6,397
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Life and Health Reserves - Narr

Life and Health Reserves - Narrative (Details) - Life and Health	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Long-term protection
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration	4 years 2 months 12 days	4 years 4 months 24 days	5 years 3 months 18 days
Longevity - Fixed premium leg
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration	7 years 7 months 6 days	7 years 9 months 18 days	9 years 9 months 18 days
Longevity - Floating claims leg
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration	7 years 6 months	7 years 8 months 12 days	9 years 6 months

Market Risk Benefits - Reconcil

Market Risk Benefits - Reconciliation of beginning and ending balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Market Risk Benefit [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	$ (122,016)
Balance, end of year	(139,574)	[1]	$ (122,016)
Life and Health | Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit
Market Risk Benefit [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of year	122,016		(53,011)	$ (77,590)
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk	3,676		59,207	63,474
Balance, beginning of year, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk	125,692		6,196	(14,116)
Issuances	5,625		1,312	(14,931)
Market Risk Benefit, Interest Expense	6,081		(1,819)	(2,623)
Attributed fees collected	(29,273)		(29,417)	(34,371)
Benefit payments	3,799		(897)	1,597
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behaviors	(8,415)		5,126	(14,565)
Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior	(12,111)		(3,819)	10,776
Effect of changes in other future assumptions	5,844		4,318	(51,743)
Effect of changes in interest rates	(12,722)		197,277	82,422
Effect of changes in equity index volatility	11,716		(24,728)	(4,634)
Effect of changes in equity markets	14,550		(58,497)	31,222
Foreign exchange impact	5,501		(1,715)	439
Other	21,985		32,355	16,723
Balance, end of year, before effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk	138,272		125,692	6,196
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk	1,302		(3,676)	(59,207)
Balance, end of year	139,574		122,016	(53,011)
Net amount at risk	$ 251,293		$ 603,656	$ 52,320
Weighted-average attained age of contract holders	61 years		61 years	61 years
[1] Refer to Note 11 for details on the changes in the MRBs measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Market Risk Benefits - Reconc_2

Market Risk Benefits - Reconciliation to Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 01, 2021
Market Risk Benefit [Abstract]
Market risk benefit assets, at fair value	$ 144,636		$ 131,186	$ 153,070
Market risk benefit liabilities, at fair value	5,062		9,170	230,660
Net	$ 139,574	[1]	$ 122,016	$ (77,590)
[1] Refer to Note 11 for details on the changes in the MRBs measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Reinsurance (Narrative) (Detail

Reinsurance (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021
Effects of Reinsurance [Line Items]
Ceded premiums written	$ 1,173,446	$ 1,145,084	$ 1,069,907
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses	1,921,231	1,947,786		$ 901,820
Allowance for credit loss on reinsurance recoverable	3,000	3,000
Affiliated Entity | Lorenz Re
Effects of Reinsurance [Line Items]
Ceded premiums written	529,000	664,000	$ 634,000
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses	$ 767,000	$ 921,000

Reinsurance (Details)

Reinsurance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Premiums Written
Direct premiums written		$ 347,351	$ 393,186	$ 421,756
Assumed premiums written		8,755,007	8,296,093	7,782,169
Ceded premiums written		1,173,446	1,145,084	1,069,907
Net premiums written	[1]	7,928,912	7,544,195	7,134,018
Premiums Earned
Direct premiums earned		372,230	377,380	318,058
Assumed premiums earned		8,751,812	7,993,480	7,607,845
Ceded premiums earned		1,205,282	1,113,743	969,381
Net premiums earned (1)	[1]	7,918,760	7,257,117	6,956,522
Losses and Loss Expenses
Direct losses and loss expenses		188,912	207,301	221,173
Assumed losses and loss expenses		5,184,792	5,244,214	5,415,118
Ceded losses and loss expenses		383,496	725,643	785,251
Net losses and loss expenses	[1]	4,990,208	4,725,872	4,851,040
Non Life
Premiums Written
Direct premiums written		347,351	393,186	421,756
Assumed premiums written		6,646,273	6,622,236	6,135,299
Ceded premiums written		1,145,301	1,116,672	1,046,227
Net premiums written		5,848,323	5,898,750	5,510,828
Premiums Earned
Direct premiums earned		372,230	377,380	318,058
Assumed premiums earned		6,643,101	6,319,389	5,956,360
Ceded premiums earned		1,176,865	1,085,317	944,862
Net premiums earned (1)		5,838,466	5,611,452	5,329,556
Losses and Loss Expenses
Direct losses and loss expenses		188,912	207,301	221,173
Assumed losses and loss expenses		3,346,078	3,817,630	3,991,292
Ceded losses and loss expenses		352,650	711,697	769,220
Net losses and loss expenses		3,182,340	3,313,234	3,443,245
Life and Health
Premiums Written
Direct premiums written		0	0	0
Assumed premiums written		2,108,734	1,673,857	1,646,870
Ceded premiums written		28,145	28,412	23,680
Net premiums written		2,080,589	1,645,445	1,623,190
Premiums Earned
Direct premiums earned		0	0	0
Assumed premiums earned		2,108,711	1,674,091	1,651,485
Ceded premiums earned		28,417	28,426	24,519
Net premiums earned (1)		2,080,294	1,645,665	1,626,966
Losses and Loss Expenses
Direct losses and loss expenses		0	0	0
Assumed losses and loss expenses		1,838,714	1,426,584	1,423,826
Ceded losses and loss expenses		30,846	13,946	16,031
Net losses and loss expenses		$ 1,807,868	$ 1,412,638	$ 1,407,795
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Debt - Summary of debt outstand

Debt - Summary of debt outstanding (Details) € in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016 EUR (€)	Nov. 30, 2006 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	$ 1,883,585	$ 1,848,003
Fair Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,762,793	1,666,825
Carrying Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,883,585	1,848,003
Senior Notes | 3.7% notes maturing 2029 Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment				$ 500,000
Senior Notes | 3.7% notes maturing 2029 Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC | Fair Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related to senior notes	484,790	462,521
Senior Notes | 3.7% notes maturing 2029 Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC | Carrying Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related to senior notes	497,525	497,073
2016 Euro Senior Notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Ireland Finance DAC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment | €					€ 750,000
2016 Euro Senior Notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Ireland Finance DAC | Fair Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related to senior notes	790,081	721,807
2016 Euro Senior Notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Ireland Finance DAC | Carrying Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt related to senior notes	829,304	794,368
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment			$ 500,000
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC | Fair Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Junior Subordinated Notes	432,685	428,250
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC | Carrying Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Junior Subordinated Notes	494,832	494,638
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment	61,924	62,000				$ 250,000
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc | Fair Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Junior Subordinated Notes	55,237	54,247
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc | Carrying Value
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Junior Subordinated Notes	$ 61,924	$ 61,924

Debt - Narrative (Details)

Debt - Narrative (Details) € in Thousands, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 01, 2016	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2009 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016 EUR (€)	Nov. 30, 2006 USD ($)
Senior Notes | 3.7% notes maturing 2029 Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment				$ 500,000
Stated interest rate of debt instrument				3.70%		3.70%
Debt issuance percentage of fair value				99.783%
Issuance of senior notes				$ 496,000
Maturity date						Jul. 02, 2029
Payment frequency						semi-annually
Date of first required interest payment						Jan. 02, 2020
2016 Euro Senior Notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Ireland Finance DAC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment | €							€ 750,000
Stated interest rate of debt instrument							1.25%
Debt issuance percentage of fair value							99.144%
Maturity date						Sep. 15, 2026
Payment frequency						annually
Date of first required interest payment						Sep. 15, 2017
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment			$ 500,000
Stated interest rate of debt instrument			4.50%
Maturity date						Oct. 01, 2050
Payment frequency						semi-annually
Date of first required interest payment						Apr. 01, 2021
Maturity date range start						Oct. 01, 2030
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt			$ 494,000
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC | October 1, 2030 To October 1, 2050
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Reference rate for variable rate interest payments						five-year treasury rate
Spread on variable rate (as a percent)						3.815%
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC | April 1, 2021 - October 1, 2030 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate of debt instrument						4.50%
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment		$ 62,000				$ 61,924		$ 250,000
Amount of debt extinguished		$ 560		$ 900	$ 187,000
Interest payment deferral period	10 years
Junior Subordinated Debt [Member] | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc | December 1, 2016 - December 1, 2066
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment frequency						quarterly
Reference rate for variable rate interest payments						3-month SOFR
Spread on variable rate (as a percent)						2.325%
Spread on variable rate, adjustment factor (as a percent)						0.26161%

Shareholders' Equity - Authoriz

Shareholders' Equity - Authorized share capital and common shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares issued	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common shares, par value	$ 0.00	$ 0.00
Authorized Shares
Authorized Share Capital Value	$ 200	$ 200
Class A shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common shares, shares issued	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common shares, par value	$ 0.00	$ 0.00

Shareholders' Equity - Redeemab

Shareholders' Equity - Redeemable preferred shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	May 03, 2021	Mar. 15, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred shares, par value per share			$ 1	$ 1
Underwriting discounts and commissions	$ 21,000
Aggregate liquidation preference	637,000		$ 200,000	$ 200,000
Accrued dividends at redemption	$ 7,000
Series J Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued during the period (in shares)		8,000,000
Annual dividend rate		4.875%
Preferred shares, par value per share		$ 1
Underwriting discounts and commissions		$ 6,000
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 25
Aggregate liquidation preference		$ 200,000
Liquidation preference per share		$ 25
Preferred Stock, Call or Exercise Features		March 15, 2026
Series G 6.5% cumulative
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 25
Preferred shares, redemption date	May 03, 2021
Series H 7.25% cumulative
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 25
Preferred shares, redemption date	May 03, 2021
Series I 5.875% non-cumulative
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 25
Preferred shares, redemption date	May 03, 2021

Dividend Restrictions and Sta_3

Dividend Restrictions and Statutory Requirements (Details) $ in Millions, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)
PartnerRe Bermuda
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Percentage of statutory capital and surplus requirement for payment of dividends		120%			120%
Minimum required liquidity ratio (as a percent)		75%			75%
Amount available for dividends without regulatory approval		$ 1,120
Statutory net income (loss)		1,138	$ (139)	$ 900
Required statutory capital and surplus	[1]	2,824	2,727
Actual statutory capital and surplus		7,108	5,816
PartnerRe Europe
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Statutory net income (loss)		383	(329)	28
Required statutory capital and surplus		1,564	1,537
Actual statutory capital and surplus		$ 2,971	2,672
PartnerRe U.S.
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Percentage of statutory capital and surplus requirement for payment of dividends		10%			10%
Restrictions on payment of dividends		two year
Statutory net income (loss)		$ 220	242	68
Required statutory capital and surplus		1,472	1,356
Actual statutory capital and surplus		$ 2,182	1,928
PartnerRe Asia
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Percentage of basic capital requirement for payment of dividends		120%			120%
Statutory net income (loss)		$ 48	(35)	(6)
Required statutory capital and surplus		56	47
Actual statutory capital and surplus		265	212
PartnerRe Asia | Minimum
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Required statutory capital and surplus					$ 25
PartnerRe Canada
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Statutory net income (loss)		13	(14)	$ (12)
Required statutory capital and surplus		1,221	1,144
Actual statutory capital and surplus		1,606	1,392
Majority Shareholder | Covea | Retained earnings
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Dividends on common shares		200	$ 0
Deemed Dividend		$ 18
[1] Required statutory capital and surplus is calculated at the Target Capital Level

Taxation - Components of income

Taxation - Components of income tax expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current income tax expense
Current income tax expense	$ 52,461	$ 114,528	$ 49,509
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(382,017)	(74,566)	(9,343)
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)	1,632	1,933	(199)
Total income tax expense
Income tax benefit (expense)	(327,924)	41,895	39,967
Income before taxes by jurisdiction
Domestic (Bermuda)	772,926	(95,063)	631,852
Foreign	1,217,269	(802,794)	172,303
Income (loss) before taxes	1,990,195	(897,857)	804,155
US
Current income tax expense
Current income tax expense	40,840	93,906	31,216
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	8,048	(14,428)	(9,404)
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)	0	0	0
Total income tax expense
Income tax benefit (expense)	48,888	79,478	21,812
Non-US
Current income tax expense
Current income tax expense	11,621	20,622	18,293
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	(390,065)	(60,138)	61
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)	1,632	1,933	(199)
Total income tax expense
Income tax benefit (expense)	$ (376,812)	$ (37,583)	$ 18,155

Taxation - Reconciliation of ef

Taxation - Reconciliation of effective tax rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of effective tax rate (% of income before taxes)
Expected tax rate	0%	0%	0%
Foreign taxes at local expected tax rates	12.40%	15.30%	6.70%
Impact of foreign exchange gains or losses	(1.10%)	(0.30%)	(0.10%)
Unrecognized tax expense (benefit)	0.10%	(0.20%)	0%
Tax-exempt income and expenses not deductible	(3.80%)	0.20%	(0.30%)
Foreign branch tax	2%	4.10%	0.10%
Valuation allowance	(4.30%)	(20.80%)	0.60%
Tax legislation change	(21.90%)	0%	(0.30%)
Other	0.10%	(3.00%)	(1.70%)
Actual tax rate	(16.50%)	(4.70%)	5%

Taxation - Components of net ta

Taxation - Components of net tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Components Of Net Tax Assets And Liabilities [Abstract]
Net tax assets	$ 563,368	$ 160,634		$ 182,569
Net tax liabilities	(57,584)	(38,576)		$ (106,946)
Net tax assets	505,784	122,058
Net Tax Liabilities By Type [Abstract]
Net current tax assets	109,538	108,836
Net deferred tax assets	408,884	23,931
Net unrecognized tax benefit	(12,638)	(10,709)	$ (9,276)		$ (10,272)
Net tax assets	$ 505,784	$ 122,058

Taxation - Components of net de

Taxation - Components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets
Foreign tax credit carryforwards	$ 176,904	$ 211,023
Tax loss carryforwards	104,546	123,597
Unearned premiums	44,878	46,029
Coinsurance funds held	6,237	0
Unrealized depreciation and timing differences on investments	96,108	170,720
Bermuda economic transition adjustment	487,265	0
Other deferred tax assets	45,019	37,424
Deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	960,957	588,793
Valuation allowance	(325,150)	(386,525)
Deferred tax assets	635,807	202,268
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred acquisition costs	94,144	92,459
Goodwill and other intangibles	55,067	55,882
Coinsurance reserves	16,065	0
Discounting of loss reserves and adjustment to life policy reserves	44,406	7,928
Equalization reserves	13,732	8,235
Other deferred tax liabilities	3,509	13,833
Deferred tax liabilities	226,923	178,337
Net deferred tax assets	$ 408,884	$ 23,931

Taxation - Income tax uncertain

Taxation - Income tax uncertainties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Unrecognized tax benefits, rollforward
Balance at January 1	$ 10,709	$ 9,276	$ 10,272
Changes in tax positions taken during a prior period - increase	4,773	1,933
Changes in tax positions taken during a prior period - decrease			(200)
Settlements	(2,547)	0	0
Impact of change in foreign currency exchange rates - Decrease	(297)	(500)	(796)
Balance at December 31	12,638	10,709	9,276
Unrecognized tax benefits impacting effective tax rate	0	$ 0	$ 0
Amount of unrecognized tax benefit expected to reverse within 12 months	$ 5,000

Taxation - Narrative (Details)

Taxation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets	$ 325,150	$ 386,525
Deferred tax asset on tax loss carryforwards	27,000	76,000
Unrealized depreciation and timing differences on investments	96,108	170,720
Deferred tax liabilities	226,923	178,337
Net deferred tax assets	408,884	23,931
Bermuda economic transition adjustment	487,265	0
Ireland
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Valuation allowance of foreign tax credit carryforwards	177,000	211,000
Hong Kong
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Deferred tax asset on tax loss carryforwards		2,000
Singapore
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Deferred tax asset on tax loss carryforwards	15,000	20,000
US
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets	32,000	12,000
Deferred tax asset on tax loss carryforwards	3,000	10,000
Unrealized depreciation and timing differences on investments	$ 114,000	148,000
Canada
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets		5,000
Deferred tax asset on tax loss carryforwards		1,000
Tax Loss Carryforward, Maximum Carryforward Period	20 years
United Kingdom
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets		11,000
Deferred tax asset on tax loss carryforwards	$ 6,000	2,000
Switzerland
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Deferred tax asset on tax loss carryforwards	$ 3,000	$ 26,000
Tax Loss Carryforward, Maximum Carryforward Period	7 years
BERMUDA
Taxation - Other Details [Line Items]
Deferred Tax Asset, Utilization Period	10 years
Deferred tax liabilities	$ 55,000
Net deferred tax assets	432,000
Bermuda economic transition adjustment	$ 487,000

Share-Based Incentives - Rollfo

Share-Based Incentives - Rollforward (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Class B and Class C Shares
Shares outstanding, beginning of year	100,000,000
Shares outstanding, end of year	100,000,000		100,000,000
Class B Shares
RSUs
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(222,659)
Class B and Class C Shares
Shares outstanding, beginning of year	0		222,659	274,664
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(222,659)
Repurchased				(52,005)
Net expirations and exercises			0	0
Shares outstanding, end of year	0		0	222,659
Class B Shares | Restricted Shares
RSUs
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(107,652)
Class B and Class C Shares
Shares outstanding, beginning of year	0		139,820	189,166
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(107,652)
Repurchased				(29,048)
Expiration of restricted period			(32,168)	(20,298)
Shares outstanding, end of year	0		0	139,820
Class B Shares | Unrestricted shares
RSUs
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(115,007)
Class B and Class C Shares
Shares outstanding, beginning of year	0		82,839	85,498
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(115,007)
Repurchased				(22,957)
Exercised			32,168	20,298
Shares outstanding, end of year	0		0	82,839
Common Class C
RSUs
Vested	(44,459)
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(13,192)
Class B and Class C Shares
Shares outstanding, beginning of year	7,666		9,445	0
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(13,192)
Granted	7,722		11,413	7,373
Purchased				2,072
RSUs and imputed dividends settled in Class C shares	44,459
Shares outstanding, end of year	59,847		7,666	9,445
Common Class C | Restricted Shares
RSUs
Vested	0
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(7,373)
Class B and Class C Shares
Shares outstanding, beginning of year	7,666		7,373	0
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(7,373)
Granted	7,722		7,666	7,373
Purchased				0
RSUs and imputed dividends settled in Class C shares	0
Shares outstanding, end of year	15,388		7,666	7,373
Common Class C | Unrestricted shares
RSUs
Vested	(44,459)
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(5,819)
Class B and Class C Shares
Shares outstanding, beginning of year	0		2,072	0
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(5,819)
Granted	0		3,747	0
Purchased				2,072
RSUs and imputed dividends settled in Class C shares	44,459
Shares outstanding, end of year	44,459		0	2,072
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
RSUs
RSUs outstanding at beginning of period	265,805		263,214	0
Forfeitures	(29,044)		(2,964)
Vested	(42,838)
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(260,250)
Granted	222,093	[1]	265,805	263,214
RSUs outstanding at end of period	416,016		265,805	263,214
Class B and Class C Shares
Accelerated vesting and repurchase upon change of control			(260,250)
RSUs and imputed dividends settled in Class C shares	42,838
[1] For RSUs, the number of grants in the table are shown at the maximum number that can be attained if the performance conditions are fully met for personal and Company performance. Forfeitures represent adjustments to grants falling below the maximum attainable as a result of not fully meeting the performance conditions.

Share-Based Incentives - Narrat

Share-Based Incentives - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Requisite service period		3 years
Share-based compensation, settlement amount		$ 43,000
Share-based compensation settlement, tax withholding		3,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		704,267	$ 488,594
Redemption of unrestricted Class B common shares (1)	[1]	$ 0	6,346	$ 581
Class C shares and RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Minimum target multiplier, as a percent		200%
Minimum target multiplier, dollar value		$ 1,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		27,000	7,000
Share based compensation expense		$ 21,000	$ 29,000	$ 13,000
Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance period		1 year
Exercise price of share based awards		$ 0
Requisite service period		3 years
Share-based compensation, settlement amount		$ 40,000
Share-based payments, unrecognized compensation cost		$ 16,000
Share-based payments, weighted average period for recognition		1 year 6 months
Restricted Shares | Minimum | Personal Performance
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance target percentage		75%
Restricted Shares | Minimum | Company performance
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance target percentage		50%
Restricted Shares | Maximum | Personal Performance
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance target percentage		125%
Restricted Shares | Maximum | Company performance
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance target percentage		150%
Unrestricted shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation, settlement amount		$ 3,000
[1] Class B shares are liability-accounted on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 17 for further details.

Retirement Benefit Arrangemen_3

Retirement Benefit Arrangements - Active Defined Benefit Plan (Details) - Zurich Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Funded status:
Unfunded pension obligation at beginning of year		$ 9,538	$ 32,636
Change in pension obligation:
Service cost		7,300	8,746
Interest cost		3,707	373
Plan participants’ contributions		4,194	3,792
Actuarial losses (gains)		18,002	(37,992)
Plan amendments		(2,606)	0
Benefits paid		1,775	(4,576)
Foreign currency adjustments		18,500	(3,736)
Settlements		(13,064)	0
Change in pension obligation		37,808	(33,393)
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Actual return on plan assets		5,590	(14,936)	$ 7,000
Employer contributions		8,396	7,658
Plan participants’ contributions		4,194	3,792
Benefits paid		1,775	(4,576)
Foreign currency adjustments		16,658	(2,233)
Settlements		(13,064)	0
Change in fair value of plan assets		23,549	(10,295)
Funded status:
Unfunded pension obligation at end of year		23,797	9,538	$ 32,636
Additional information:
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	[1]	207,336	169,527
Accumulated pension obligation at end of year	[2]	$ 200,462	$ 167,560
Pension obligation - assumptions used
Discount rate		1.30%	2.20%	0.20%
Interest crediting rate		1.30%	2.20%	1%
Rate of compensation increase		2.25%	2.25%	2%
Net periodic benefit cost - assumptions used
Discount rate		2.20%	0.20%	0.10%
Interest crediting rate		2.20%	1%	1%
Expected return on plan assets		5%	4.25%	3.50%
Rate of compensation increase		2.25%	2%	2%
Defined Benefit Plan Estimated Future Benefit Payments Abstract
2024		$ 13,455
2025		11,660
2026		12,846
2027		11,225
2028		10,689
2029 to 2033		57,052
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Insured funds
Additional information:
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		$ 183,539	$ 159,989
[1] Represents the actuarial present value of all benefits attributed to employee service rendered to December 31, measured using assumptions as to future compensation levels Represents the actuarial present value of benefits (whether vested or non-vested) attributed to employee service rendered and compensation to December 31, with no assumption about future compensation levels

Retirement Benefit Arrangemen_4

Retirement Benefit Arrangements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Incurred expense for defined contribution arrangements	$ 14,000	$ 13,000	$ 13,000
Maximum
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Contribution Plans, Accumulated Benefits, Vesting Period	4 years
Zurich Plan
Additional information:
Unfunded pension obligation	$ (23,797)	(9,538)	(32,636)
Amounts recognized in AOCI, gain (loss)	(8,000)	6,000
Unfunded pension obligation, tax impact	2,000	1,000
Net periodic benefit cost	3,000	1,000	8,000
Projected benefit obligation, increase (decrease) during the period	37,808	(33,393)
Actuarial losses (gains), PBO	18,002	(37,992)
Foreign currency adjustments, PBO	18,500	(3,736)
Settlements, PBO	13,064	0
Change in fair value of plan assets	23,549	(10,295)
Foreign currency adjustments, plan assets	16,658	(2,233)
Employer contributions during the period	8,396	7,658
Settlements, plan assets	$ 13,064	$ 0
Coverage ratio on partially insured pension scheme	103%	101%
Actual return on plan assets	$ 5,590	$ (14,936)	$ 7,000
Expected employer contributions in 2023	8,000
Zurich Plan | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Insured funds
Additional information:
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$ 183,539	$ 159,989

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Provision for uncollectible premiums receivable	$ 11	$ 12
Funds held, allowance for credit loss	4	4
Deposit contracts, allowance for credit loss	$ 1	$ 1

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Arrangements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 13,478		$ 12,437
Variable lease costs	1,660		1,292
Sublease Income	(140)		0
Total lease costs	14,998		13,729
Operating lease right-of-use assets	68,400	[1]	71,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, non-cash	6,517		4,016
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$ 13,834		$ 13,545
Weighted-average remaining lease term on operating leases	7 years 4 months 24 days	[2]	7 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate on operating leases	2.50%	[3]	2.30%
Right-of-use asset, balance sheet location	Other assets		Other assets
Operating lease liability, balance sheet location	Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2024	$ 14,806
2025	14,364
2026	14,203
2027	13,025
2028	8,796
2029 to 2038	20,499
Discount	(6,812)
Total discounted operating lease liabilities	$ 78,881	[4]	$ 79,925
[1] Included in Other assets Weighted-average remaining lease term is calculated on the basis of the remaining lease term and the lease liability balance for each lease as of the reporting date Weighted-average discount rate is calculated on the basis of the discount rate for the lease that was used to calculate the lease liability balance for each lease as of the reporting date and the remaining balance of the lease payments for each lease as of the reporting date Included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Other Agreements (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Investment commitments
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
2024	$ 230
2025	105
2026	66
2027	43
2028	39
Total	522
Technology support and equipment
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation [Line Items]
2024	23
2025	5
Total	$ 34

Credit Agreements (Details)

Credit Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available		$ 1,027
Combined Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available		400
Amount of unsecured borrowing capacity		100
Committed Secured Letter Of Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available		250
Committed Secured Letter Of Credit Facility | Forecast
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available	$ 150
Committed Secured Letter Of Credit Facility B
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available		200
Unsecured Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available		175
Unsecured, Committed
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available		50
Unsecured, Uncommitted
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Total amount of credit facilities available		125
Outstanding Unsecured Letter Of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding amount		130
Outstanding Secured Letter Of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding amount		$ 480

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2017	Jan. 01, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)	[1]		$ 9,102,358		$ 8,689,279		$ 8,203,925
Net premiums written	[1]		7,928,912		7,544,195		7,134,018
Increase in unearned premiums (1)	[1]		(10,152)		(287,078)		(177,496)
Net premiums earned	[1]		7,918,760		7,257,117		6,956,522
Losses and loss expenses (liability remeasurement loss (gain): 2023, $7,102; 2022,$(1,267); 2021, $98,937) (1)	[1]		4,990,208		4,725,872		4,851,040
Acquisition costs (1)	[1]		1,563,107		1,537,213		1,391,502
Reinsurance balances receivable (1)	[1]		3,377,324		3,342,612
Non-life reserves (1)	[1]		13,151,309		12,725,631
Life and health reserves (1)			2,859,257	[1]	2,497,519	[1]			$ 2,937,823
Unearned premiums (1)	[1]		2,741,755		2,745,371
Other reinsurance balances payable (1)	[1]		655,240		632,336
Majority Shareholder | Exor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Advisory services agreement					184		350
Majority Shareholder | Covea
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related Party Services Agreement			3,000
Majority Shareholder | Real estate services | Exor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Consulting and advisory services agreement					265		433
Majority Shareholder | Investment advisory services | Exor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Advisory services agreement							175
Consulting and advisory services agreement					3,900		2,600
Majority Shareholder | Underwriting Activities | Covea
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)			10,759
Net premiums written			10,759
Increase in unearned premiums (1)			305
Net premiums earned			11,064
Losses and loss expenses (liability remeasurement loss (gain): 2023, $7,102; 2022,$(1,267); 2021, $98,937) (1)			21,697
Acquisition costs (1)			33
Reinsurance balances receivable (1)			3,781		3,169
Non-life reserves (1)			107,736		95,013
Life and health reserves (1)			5,798		1,175
Unearned premiums (1)			335		571
Other reinsurance balances payable (1)			206		106
Majority Shareholder | Private equity funds | Exor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on related party investment		$ (34,000)			(72,000)		115,000
Majority Shareholder | Other invested assets | Exor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Transaction amount							51,000
Majority Shareholder | Public equity funds | Exor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on related party investment		(24,000)			40,000		115,000
Transaction amount		772,000
Payments to acquire investments								$ 500,000
Realized gain (loss) on related party investment		$ 450,000
Retained earnings | Majority Shareholder | Exor
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Dividends on common shares					178,000		$ 107,000
Retained earnings | Majority Shareholder | Covea
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Dividends on common shares			200,000		$ 0
Deemed Dividend			$ 18,000
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Segment Information (Narrative)

Segment Information (Narrative) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 Segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of worldwide business segments	3

Segment Information (Results by

Segment Information (Results by Segment) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)	[1]	$ 9,102,358	$ 8,689,279	$ 8,203,925
Net premiums written	[1]	7,928,912	7,544,195	7,134,018
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums	[1]	(10,152)	(287,078)	(177,496)
Net premiums earned	[1]	7,918,760	7,257,117	6,956,522
Losses and loss expenses		(4,990,000)	(4,726,000)	(4,851,000)
Acquisition costs	[1]	(1,563,107)	(1,537,213)	(1,391,502)
Technical result		1,366,000	994,000	714,000
Other income		40,965	40,492	28,748
Other expenses		(463,385)	(414,876)	(398,542)
Underwriting result		944,000	619,000	344,000
Net investment income		645,685	398,348	376,469
Market risk benefit gains		7,079	121,211	19,873
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)		517,426	(1,969,014)	37,797
Interest expense		(57,532)	(55,185)	(55,606)
Amortization of intangible assets		(7,906)	(8,912)	(8,861)
Net foreign exchange losses		(42,542)	(14,774)	(36,498)
Income tax benefit (expense)		327,924	(41,895)	(39,967)
Interest in (losses) earnings of equity method investments		(15,040)	10,821	126,795
Net income (loss)		2,318,119	(939,752)	764,188
Corporate, Non-Segment
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		0	0	0
Net premiums written		0	0	0
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums		0	0	0
Net premiums earned		0	0	0
Losses and loss expenses		0	0	0
Acquisition costs		0	0	0
Technical result		0	0	0
Other income		1,000	1,000	3,000
Other expenses		(214,000)	(203,000)	(210,000)
Net investment income		573,000	324,000	295,000
Market risk benefit gains		7,000	121,000	20,000
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)		517,000	(1,969,000)	38,000
Interest expense		(58,000)	(55,000)	(56,000)
Amortization of intangible assets		(8,000)	(9,000)	(9,000)
Net foreign exchange losses		(43,000)	(14,000)	(36,000)
Income tax benefit (expense)		328,000	(42,000)	(40,000)
Interest in (losses) earnings of equity method investments		(15,000)	11,000	127,000
Non Life
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Net premiums written		5,848,323	5,898,750	5,510,828
Net premiums earned		5,838,466	5,611,452	5,329,556
Non Life | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		6,994,000	7,015,000	6,557,000
Net premiums written		5,848,000	5,899,000	5,511,000
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums		(10,000)	(288,000)	(181,000)
Net premiums earned		5,838,000	5,611,000	5,330,000
Losses and loss expenses		(3,182,000)	(3,313,000)	(3,443,000)
Acquisition costs		(1,454,000)	(1,430,000)	(1,279,000)
Technical result		1,202,000	868,000	608,000
Other income		0	0	0
Other expenses		(131,000)	(119,000)	(101,000)
Underwriting result		$ 1,071,000	$ 749,000	$ 507,000
Reinsurance Ratios [Abstract]
Loss ratio	[2]	54.50%	59%	64.60%
Acquisition ratio	[3]	24.90%	25.50%	24%
Technical ratio	[4]	79.40%	84.50%	88.60%
Other expense ratio	[5]	2.20%	2.10%	1.90%
Combined Ratio	[6]	81.60%	86.60%	90.50%
Non Life | P&C | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 4,771,000	$ 5,025,000	$ 4,541,000
Net premiums written		3,909,000	4,234,000	3,722,000
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums		37,000	(293,000)	(194,000)
Net premiums earned		3,946,000	3,941,000	3,528,000
Losses and loss expenses		(2,196,000)	(2,410,000)	(2,391,000)
Acquisition costs		(960,000)	(995,000)	(864,000)
Technical result		790,000	536,000	273,000
Other income		0	0	0
Other expenses		(92,000)	(84,000)	(71,000)
Underwriting result		$ 698,000	$ 452,000	$ 202,000
Reinsurance Ratios [Abstract]
Loss ratio	[2]	55.70%	61.20%	67.80%
Acquisition ratio	[3]	24.30%	25.20%	24.50%
Technical ratio	[4]	80%	86.40%	92.30%
Other expense ratio	[5]	2.30%	2.10%	2%
Combined Ratio	[6]	82.30%	88.50%	94.30%
Non Life | Specialty | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 2,223,000	$ 1,990,000	$ 2,016,000
Net premiums written		1,939,000	1,665,000	1,789,000
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums		(47,000)	5,000	13,000
Net premiums earned		1,892,000	1,670,000	1,802,000
Losses and loss expenses		(986,000)	(903,000)	(1,052,000)
Acquisition costs		(494,000)	(435,000)	(415,000)
Technical result		412,000	332,000	335,000
Other income		0	0	0
Other expenses		(39,000)	(35,000)	(30,000)
Underwriting result		$ 373,000	$ 297,000	$ 305,000
Reinsurance Ratios [Abstract]
Loss ratio	[2]	52.10%	54.10%	58.40%
Acquisition ratio	[3]	26.10%	26%	23%
Technical ratio	[4]	78.20%	80.10%	81.40%
Other expense ratio	[5]	2.10%	2.10%	1.70%
Combined Ratio	[6]	80.30%	82.20%	83.10%
Life and Health
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Net premiums written		$ 2,080,589	$ 1,645,445	$ 1,623,190
Net premiums earned		2,080,294	1,645,665	1,626,966
Life and Health | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		2,108,000	1,674,000	1,647,000
Net premiums written		2,081,000	1,645,000	1,623,000
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums		0	1,000	4,000
Net premiums earned		2,081,000	1,646,000	1,627,000
Losses and loss expenses		(1,808,000)	(1,413,000)	(1,408,000)
Acquisition costs		(109,000)	(107,000)	(113,000)
Technical result		164,000	126,000	106,000
Other income		40,000	39,000	26,000
Other expenses		(118,000)	(93,000)	(88,000)
Underwriting result		86,000	72,000	44,000
Net investment income		73,000	74,000	81,000
Allocated underwriting result		$ 159,000	$ 146,000	$ 125,000
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Segment Information (Distributi

Segment Information (Distribution of gross and net written premium) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)	[1]	$ 9,102,358	$ 8,689,279	$ 8,203,925
Percentage Distribution of gross premiums written		100%	100%	100%
North America
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 5,089,000	$ 5,040,000	$ 4,649,000
Percentage Distribution of gross premiums written		56%	58%	57%
Europe
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 2,916,000	$ 2,592,000	$ 2,410,000
Percentage Distribution of gross premiums written		32%	30%	29%
Asia, Australia and New Zealand
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 744,000	$ 720,000	$ 814,000
Percentage Distribution of gross premiums written		8%	8%	10%
Latin America and the Caribbean
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 249,000	$ 223,000	$ 189,000
Percentage Distribution of gross premiums written		3%	3%	2%
Middle East, Africa, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 104,000	$ 114,000	$ 142,000
Percentage Distribution of gross premiums written		1%	1%	2%
P&C | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 4,771,000	$ 5,025,000	$ 4,541,000
P&C | Casualty | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		2,391,000	2,777,000	2,145,000
P&C | Catastrophe | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		1,077,000	933,000	924,000
P&C | Property | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		783,000	764,000	809,000
P&C | US Health | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		355,000	355,000	351,000
P&C | Multiline & Other | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		105,000	119,000	183,000
P&C | Motor | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		60,000	77,000	129,000
Specialty | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		2,223,000	1,990,000	2,016,000
Specialty | Financial Risks | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		693,000	634,000	510,000
Specialty | Property | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		449,000	240,000	277,000
Specialty | Energy Reinsurance | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		406,000	346,000	314,000
Specialty | Aviation & space | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		360,000	362,000	416,000
Specialty | Marine | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		203,000	223,000	174,000
Specialty | Agriculture | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		47,000	101,000	205,000
Specialty | Engineering | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		34,000	39,000	100,000
Specialty | Multiline & Other | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		31,000	45,000	20,000
Life and Health | Operating Segments
Distribution Of Gross Premiums Written [Line Items]
Gross premiums written (1)		$ 2,108,000	$ 1,674,000	$ 1,647,000
[1] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

Segment Information (Broker det

Segment Information (Broker details) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Economic Dependence [Line Items]
Cedant Percentage Of Gross Written Premium	10%	10%	10%
Gross Premiums Written | Customer Concentration Risk | Aon PLC
Economic Dependence [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	26%	26%	24%
Gross Premiums Written | Customer Concentration Risk | Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc
Economic Dependence [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	25%	30%	28%
Gross Premiums Written | Customer Concentration Risk | Non Life | P&C | Two Significant Brokers
Economic Dependence [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	65%	67%	63%
Gross Premiums Written | Customer Concentration Risk | Non Life | Specialty | Two Significant Brokers
Economic Dependence [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	65%	70%	66%
Gross Premiums Written | Customer Concentration Risk | Life and Health | Two Significant Brokers
Economic Dependence [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	5%	6%	6%

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) - Series J Preferred Stock - $ / shares	Feb. 15, 2024	Mar. 15, 2021
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Preferred shares, dividend rate		4.875%
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividends declared (per share)	$ 0.3046875
Preferred shares, dividend rate	4.875%

SCHEDULE I - Consolidated Sum_2

SCHEDULE I - Consolidated Summary of Investments Other Than Investments in Related Parties (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 20,278,895
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	20,548,510
Fixed maturities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	16,604,693
Fair Value	15,090,056
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	15,090,056
U.S. government and government sponsored enterprises
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	1,972,264	[1]
Fair Value	1,736,952
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	1,736,952
U.S. states, territories and municipalities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	51,350	[1]
Fair Value	51,642
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	51,642
Non US sovereign government supranational and government related
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	1,909,275	[1]
Fair Value	1,780,318
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	1,780,318
Corporate bonds
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	7,309,854	[1]
Fair Value	6,777,767
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	6,777,767
Asset-backed securities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	15,022	[1]
Fair Value	15,022
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	15,022
Residential mortgage-backed securities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	5,346,928	[1]
Fair Value	4,728,355
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	4,728,355
Equities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	532,484	[1]
Fair Value	917,170
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	917,170
Banks, trust and insurance companies
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	93,942	[1]
Fair Value	39,141
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	39,141
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	423,149	[1]
Fair Value	860,189
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	860,189
Nonredeemable preferred stocks
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	15,393	[1]
Fair Value	17,840
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	17,840
Short-term investments
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost	1,032,895	[1]
Fair Value	1,020,257
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	1,020,257
Other invested assets
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Fair Value	3,251,412	[2]
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	3,464,839
Equity method investments	213,000
Investments in real estate
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	[3]
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet	$ 56,188	[3]
[1] Original cost of fixed maturities reduced by repayments and adjusted for amortization of premiums or accrual of discounts. Original cost of equity securities. Other invested assets shown in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Item 18 also includes the Company’s investments accounted for using the equity method of accounting of $213 million. Investments in real estate are carried at original cost less any impairments.

SCHEDULE II - Condensed Balance

SCHEDULE II - Condensed Balance Sheets - Parent Company Only (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	May 03, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Nov. 30, 2006
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $95,252; 2022, $90,171)		$ 15,090,056	$ 13,021,914
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $2,487; 2022, $nil)		1,020,257	523,510
Other assets		324,639	203,119
Total assets		30,488,489	27,387,200			$ 27,052,894
Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		704,267	488,594
Total liabilities		22,064,068	20,989,881			20,011,157
Liabilities and Equity
Common shares (par value $0.00000001; issued and outstanding: 100,000,000 shares)		0	0
Preferred shares (par value $1.00; issued and outstanding: 8,000,000 shares; aggregate liquidation value: $200,000)		8,000	8,000
Additional paid-in capital		1,929,934	1,929,934
Accumulated other comprehensive income		7,527	70,879			(220,625)
Retained earnings		6,478,960	4,388,506			4,902,308
Total shareholders’ equity		8,424,421	6,397,319	$ 7,357,428		7,041,737
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		30,488,489	27,387,200			$ 27,052,894
Other information
Amortized cost of trading securities, debt		16,604,693	14,925,319
Short-term investments, amortized cost		$ 1,032,895	$ 536,139
Common shares, par value		$ 0.00	$ 0.00
Common shares, shares issued		100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding		100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred shares, par value per share		$ 1	$ 1
Preferred shares, shares issued		8,000,000	8,000,000
Preferred shares, shares outstanding		8,000,000	8,000,000
Aggregate liquidation preference		$ 200,000	$ 200,000		$ 637,000
Junior subordinated notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc
Other information
Commitment		$ 61,924	62,000						$ 250,000
Junior subordinated notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc | December 1, 2016 - December 1, 2066
Other information
Spread on variable rate (as a percent)		2.325%
Spread on variable rate, adjustment factor (as a percent)		0.26161%
Junior subordinated notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Other information
Stated interest rate of debt instrument								4.50%
Commitment								$ 500,000
Parent Company
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $95,252; 2022, $90,171)		$ 80,936	73,642
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $2,487; 2022, $nil)		2,487	0
Cash and cash equivalents		3,052	3,814	$ 1,988			$ 10,020
Investment in subsidiaries		10,388,510	8,749,966
Intercompany loans and balances receivable		22,504	18,546
Other assets		18,873	21,042
Total assets		10,516,362	8,867,010
Liabilities
Intercompany loans and balances payable	[1]	2,034,176	2,423,951
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		57,765	45,740
Total liabilities		2,091,941	2,469,691
Liabilities and Equity
Common shares (par value $0.00000001; issued and outstanding: 100,000,000 shares)		0	0
Preferred shares (par value $1.00; issued and outstanding: 8,000,000 shares; aggregate liquidation value: $200,000)		8,000	8,000
Additional paid-in capital		1,929,934	1,929,934
Accumulated other comprehensive income		7,527	70,879
Retained earnings		6,478,960	4,388,506
Total shareholders’ equity		8,424,421	6,397,319
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		10,516,362	8,867,010
Other information
Amortized cost of trading securities, debt		95,252	90,171
Short-term investments, amortized cost		$ 2,487	$ 0
Common shares, par value		$ 0.00	$ 0.00
Common shares, shares issued		100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding		100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred shares, par value per share		$ 1	$ 1
Preferred shares, shares issued		8,000,000	8,000,000
Preferred shares, shares outstanding		8,000,000	8,000,000
Aggregate liquidation preference		$ 200,000	$ 200,000
Subsidiary Issuer | Junior subordinated notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc
Other information
Aggregate principal amount of guarantee obligations		$ 62,000
Subsidiary Issuer | Junior subordinated notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance II Inc | December 1, 2016 - December 1, 2066
Other information
Spread on variable rate (as a percent)		2.325%
Spread on variable rate, adjustment factor (as a percent)		0.26161%
Subsidiary Issuer | Junior subordinated notes | Notes Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Other information
Stated interest rate of debt instrument		4.50%
Commitment		$ 500,000
Subsidiary Issuer | PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Other information
Percentage ownership		100%
Subsidiary Issuer | PartnerRe Finance B LLC | Senior Notes | 3.7% notes maturing 2029 Issued By PartnerRe Finance B LLC
Other information
Stated interest rate of debt instrument		3.70%
Subsidiary Issuer | PartnerRe Finance Ireland DAC
Other information
Percentage ownership		100%
Subsidiary Issuer | PartnerRe Finance Ireland DAC | Senior Notes | 2016 Euro Senior Notes
Other information
Stated interest rate of debt instrument		1.25%
Subsidiary Issuer | PartnerRe Finance II Inc
Other information
Percentage ownership		100%
[1] The parent has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Finance B LLC and PartnerRe Finance Ireland DAC, a direct 100% owned subsidiary of the parent, related to the issuance of the 3.700% senior notes and 1.250% senior notes, respectively. The parent’s obligations under these guarantees are senior and unsecured and rank equally with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of the parent. The parent has also fully and unconditionally guaranteed all obligations of PartnerRe Finance II Inc. and PartnerRe Finance B LLC, both indirect 100% owned finance subsidiaries of the parent, related to the remaining $62 million aggregate principal amount of Fixed-to-Floating Rate junior subordinated CENts, with an annual rate of 3-month SOFR plus a margin equal to 2.325% and an additional spread adjustment of 0.26161% (due to the transition of the benchmark from LIBOR), and $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.500% Fixed-Rate Reset junior subordinated notes, respectively. The parent’s obligations under these guarantees are unsecured junior subordinated obligations and rank junior in right of payment to all of the parent's outstanding and future senior indebtedness, and equally in right of payment with all outstanding and future unsecured indebtedness that is by its terms equal in right of payment to the junior subordinated notes.

SCHEDULE II - Condensed Stateme

SCHEDULE II - Condensed Statements of Operations - Parent Company Only (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Income Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Net investment income	$ 645,685	$ 398,348	$ 376,469
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	517,426	(1,969,014)	37,797
Other income	40,965	40,492	28,748
Total revenues	9,122,836	5,726,943	7,399,536
Other expenses	463,385	414,876	398,542
Interest expense	57,532	55,185	55,606
Net foreign exchange losses	42,542	14,774	36,498
Net income (loss)	2,318,119	(939,752)	764,188
Preferred dividends	9,750	9,750	22,693
Loss on redemption of preferred shares	0	0	21,234
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholder	2,308,369	(949,502)	720,261
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(63,352)	167,287	124,217
Comprehensive income (loss)	2,254,767	(772,465)	888,405
Parent Company
Condensed Income Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Net investment income	2,612	1,851	2,496
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	1,713	(15,406)	(16,730)
Other income	108	106	148
Total revenues	4,433	(13,449)	(14,086)
Other expenses	51,302	73,046	55,996
Interest expense	46,993	33,408	35,204
Net foreign exchange losses	53,800	(65,165)	(79,696)
Total expenses	152,095	41,289	11,504
Loss before equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries	(147,662)	(54,738)	(25,590)
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries	2,465,781	(885,014)	789,778
Net income (loss)	2,318,119	(939,752)	764,188
Preferred dividends	9,750	9,750	22,693
Loss on redemption of preferred shares	0	0	21,234
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholder	2,308,369	(949,502)	720,261
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(63,352)	167,287	124,217
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 2,254,767	$ (772,465)	$ 888,405

SCHEDULE II - Condensed State_2

SCHEDULE II - Condensed Statements of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
		Mar. 15, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021		May 03, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)			$ 2,318,119	$ (939,752)	$ 764,188
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Other, net			182,400	48,805	29,417
Net cash provided by operating activities			2,235,681	1,468,409	1,232,590
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of fixed maturities			(4,038,399)	(2,940,597)	(8,141,246)
Purchases of short-term investments			(1,513,449)	(867,605)	(372,901)
Other, net			(79,717)	11,679	(31,903)
Net cash used in investing activities			(2,173,006)	(664,825)	(2,329,122)
Cash flows from financing activities
Redemption of Class B common shares	[1]		0	(6,346)	(581)
Issuance of preferred shares			0	0	193,887
Redemption of preferred shares			0	0	(637,241)
Net cash used in financing activities			(227,665)	(194,550)	(573,295)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash			10,817	(18,335)	(20,109)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents			(154,173)	590,699	(1,689,936)
Non-cash transactions excluded from Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only:
Non-cash exchange of intercompany balances				103,000
Non-cash exchange intercompany loan			$ 747,000	$ 744,000
Preferred shares, par value per share			$ 1	$ 1
Aggregate liquidation preference			$ 200,000	$ 200,000			$ 637,000
Underwriting discounts and commissions							$ 21,000
Series J Preferred Stock
Non-cash transactions excluded from Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only:
Shares issued during the period (in shares)		8,000,000
Annual dividend rate		4.875%
Preferred shares, par value per share		$ 1
Aggregate liquidation preference		$ 200,000
Underwriting discounts and commissions		$ 6,000
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 25
Series G 6.5% cumulative
Non-cash transactions excluded from Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only:
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)							$ 25
Series I 5.875% non-cumulative
Non-cash transactions excluded from Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only:
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)							25
Series H 7.25% cumulative
Non-cash transactions excluded from Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only:
Preferred shares, redemption price per share (in dollars per share)							$ 25
Parent Company
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)			2,318,119	(939,752)	764,188
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Equity in net (income) loss of subsidiaries			(2,465,781)	885,014	(789,778)
Other, net			101,969	41,810	(51,783)
Net cash provided by operating activities			(45,693)	(12,928)	(77,373)
Cash flows from investing activities
Advances to/from subsidiaries, net (1)	[2]		52,631	22,213	100,426
Sales and redemptions of fixed maturities			6,483	11,290	481,015
Sales and redemptions of short-term investments			940	5,173	0
Purchases of fixed maturities			(11,613)	(15,984)	(62,239)
Purchases of short-term investments			(3,868)	(5,173)	0
Other, net			(2,078)	(3,341)	(8,465)
Net cash used in investing activities			42,495	14,178	510,737
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of preferred shares			0	0	193,887	[3]
Redemption of preferred shares			0	0	(637,241)	[3]
Net cash used in financing activities			0	0	(443,354)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash			2,436	576	1,958
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents			(762)	1,826	(8,032)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year			3,814	1,988	10,020
Cash and cash equivalents—end of year			$ 3,052	$ 3,814	1,988
Non-cash transactions excluded from Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only:
Preferred shares, par value per share			$ 1	$ 1
Aggregate liquidation preference			$ 200,000	$ 200,000
Subsidiaries
Non-cash transactions excluded from Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only:
Payment of dividends by subsidiary on behalf of parent			228,000	188,000	129,000
Non-cash dividends received from subsidiaries			850,000	630,000	$ 350,000
Non-cash capital contributions to subsidiaries			$ 103,000	$ 527,000
[1] Class B shares are liability-accounted on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 17 for further details. The following non-cash transactions were excluded from the Condensed Statement of Cash Flows - Parent Company Only: a. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, dividends paid to common and preferred shareholders of $228 million, $188 million and $129 million, respectively, were paid by a Bermuda subsidiary on behalf of the parent, with a corresponding increase to intercompany balances payable. b. During 2023, the parent recorded non-cash dividends received from subsidiaries of $850 million, non-cash capital contributions to subsidiaries of $103 million, and a corresponding decrease in intercompany loan payable of $747 million. c. During 2022, the parent recorded a non-cash exchange of certain intercompany balances payable for an intercompany loan payable of $744 million. d. During 2022, the parent recorded non-cash dividends received from subsidiaries of $630 million, non-cash capital contributions to subsidiaries of $527 million and a corresponding decrease in intercompany balances payable of $103 million. e. During 2021, the parent recorded a non-cash dividend received from a subsidiary of $350 million, with a corresponding change to intercompany balances payable. During 2021, the parent issued 8 million 4.875% Series J fixed rate non-cumulative redeemable preferred shares at a par value of $1.00 per share and a redemption price of $200 million, and incurred preferred share issuance costs of $6 million. The parent also redeemed all outstanding Series G, H and I preferred shares at $25 per share for an aggregate liquidation value of $637 million during 2021.

SCHEDULE III - Supplementary _2

SCHEDULE III - Supplementary Insurance Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs		$ 1,020,704	$ 1,012,067	$ 916,324
Non-life Reserves		13,151,309	12,725,631	12,047,792
Unearned Premiums		2,741,755	2,745,371	2,501,161
Life and Health Reserves		2,859,257	2,497,519	2,785,382
Premium Revenue		7,918,760	7,257,117	6,956,522
Net Investment Income (1)	[1]	645,685	398,348	376,469
Losses Incurred		4,990,208	4,725,872	4,851,040
Acquisition Costs		1,563,107	1,537,213	1,391,502
Other Expenses (2)	[2]	463,385	414,876	398,542
Net Premiums Written		7,928,912	7,544,195	7,134,018
Non Life
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs		700,090	700,694	617,537
Non-life Reserves		13,151,309	12,725,631	12,047,792
Unearned Premiums		2,739,585	2,743,406	2,498,426
Life and Health Reserves		0	0	0
Premium Revenue		5,838,466	5,611,452	5,329,556
Losses Incurred		3,182,340	3,313,234	3,443,245
Acquisition Costs		1,454,373	1,430,121	1,279,039
Other Expenses (2)	[2]	130,733	119,274	100,635
Net Premiums Written		5,848,323	5,898,750	5,510,828
Life and Health
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs		320,614	311,373	298,787
Non-life Reserves		0	0	0
Unearned Premiums		2,170	1,965	2,735
Life and Health Reserves		2,859,257	2,497,519	2,785,382
Premium Revenue		2,080,294	1,645,665	1,626,966
Net Investment Income (1)	[1]	73,091	73,656	81,226
Losses Incurred		1,807,868	1,412,638	1,407,795
Acquisition Costs		108,734	107,092	112,463
Other Expenses (2)	[2]	118,404	92,919	88,069
Net Premiums Written		2,080,589	1,645,445	1,623,190
Corporate and Other
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs		0	0	0
Non-life Reserves		0	0	0
Unearned Premiums		0	0	0
Life and Health Reserves		0	0	0
Premium Revenue		0	0	0
Net Investment Income (1)	[1]	572,594	324,692	295,243
Losses Incurred		0	0	0
Acquisition Costs		0	0	0
Other Expenses (2)	[2]	214,248	202,683	209,838
Net Premiums Written		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
[1] Because the Company does not manage its assets by segment, net investment income is not allocated to the Non-life business of the reinsurance operations. However, because of the interest-sensitive nature of some of the Company’s Life products, net investment income is considered in management’s assessment of the profitability of the Life and Health segment.

SCHEDULE IV - Reinsurance (Deta

SCHEDULE IV - Reinsurance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Life reinsurance in force
Gross amount	[1]	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Ceded to other companies	[1]	26,041,527	20,301,849	19,383,794
Assumed from other companies	[1]	648,495,550	529,438,861	453,373,378
Net amount	[1]	$ 622,454,023	$ 509,137,012	$ 433,989,584
Percentage of amount assumed to net	[1]	104%	104%	104%
Reinsurance Premiums For Insurance Companies By Product Segment Net Amount [Abstract]
Gross amount		$ 372,230	$ 377,380	$ 318,058
Ceded to other companies		1,205,282	1,113,743	969,381
Assumed from other companies		8,751,812	7,993,480	7,607,845
Net premiums earned	[2]	$ 7,918,760	$ 7,257,117	$ 6,956,522
Percentage of amount assumed to net		111%	110%	109%
Life
Reinsurance Premiums For Insurance Companies By Product Segment Net Amount [Abstract]
Gross amount		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Ceded to other companies		28,417	28,426	24,519
Assumed from other companies		2,075,330	1,648,455	1,620,130
Net premiums earned		$ 2,046,913	$ 1,620,029	$ 1,595,611
Percentage of amount assumed to net		101%	102%	102%
Accident and health
Reinsurance Premiums For Insurance Companies By Product Segment Net Amount [Abstract]
Gross amount		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Ceded to other companies		0	0	0
Assumed from other companies		33,381	25,636	31,355
Net premiums earned		$ 33,381	$ 25,636	$ 31,355
Percentage of amount assumed to net		100%	100%	100%
Property and casualty
Reinsurance Premiums For Insurance Companies By Product Segment Net Amount [Abstract]
Gross amount	[3]	$ 372,230	$ 377,380	$ 318,058
Ceded to other companies	[3]	1,176,865	1,085,317	944,862
Assumed from other companies	[3]	6,643,101	6,319,389	5,956,360
Net premiums earned	[3]	$ 5,838,466	$ 5,611,452	$ 5,329,556
Percentage of amount assumed to net	[3]	114%	113%	112%
[1]Life reinsurance in force excludes products that do not pass risk transfer.[2] See Note 21 for additional information regarding related party transactions.

SCHEDULE VI - Supplemental In_2

SCHEDULE VI - Supplemental Information Concerning Property-Casualty Insurance Operations (Details) - Consolidated subsidiaries - Non Life - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplemental Information Concerning Property-Casualty Insurance Operations [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	[1]	$ 700,090	$ 700,694	$ 617,537
Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Expenses	[1]	13,151,309	12,725,631	12,047,792
Unearned Premiums	[1]	2,739,585	2,743,406	2,498,426
Premiums Earned	[1]	5,838,466	5,611,452	5,329,556
Losses and Loss Expenses Incurred Related to - Current year	[1]	3,229,633	3,533,087	3,637,671
Losses and Loss Expenses Incurred Related to - Prior year	[1]	(47,293)	(219,853)	(194,426)
Acquisition Costs	[1]	1,454,373	1,430,121	1,279,039
Paid Losses and Loss Expenses	[1]	2,732,602	2,658,136	2,972,995
Premiums Written	[1]	$ 5,848,323	$ 5,898,750	$ 5,510,828
[1] (1) Includes the Company's P&C and Specialty segments.