UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(MARK ONE)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| |
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2009 | |
| |
OR | |
| |
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO .
COMMISSION FILE NO. 0-28218
AFFYMETRIX, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE |
| 77-0319159 |
(State or other jurisdiction of |
| (I.R.S. Employer |
incorporation or organization) |
| Identification Number) |
|
|
|
3420 CENTRAL EXPRESSWAY |
|
|
SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA |
| 95051 |
(Address of principal executive offices) |
| (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 731-5000
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x |
| Accelerated filer o |
|
|
|
Non-accelerated filer o |
| Smaller reporting company o |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
|
|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING ON MAY 4, 2009: 70,693,076
AFFYMETRIX, INC.
2
AFFYMETRIX, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
|
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| ||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
ASSETS: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents |
| $ | 66,014 |
| $ | 113,292 |
|
Restricted cash—short-term portion |
| 2,249 |
| 4,402 |
| ||
Available-for-sale securities—short-term portion |
| 232,999 |
| 250,970 |
| ||
Accounts receivable, net |
| 59,465 |
| 62,726 |
| ||
Inventories |
| 47,993 |
| 51,333 |
| ||
Deferred tax assets—current portion |
| 1,108 |
| 1,077 |
| ||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
| 12,972 |
| 15,725 |
| ||
Total current assets |
| 422,800 |
| 499,525 |
| ||
Available-for-sale securities—long-term portion |
| 84,625 |
| 26,900 |
| ||
Property and equipment, net |
| 82,416 |
| 89,345 |
| ||
Acquired technology rights, net |
| 59,018 |
| 62,569 |
| ||
Deferred tax assets—long-term portion |
| 4,678 |
| 4,764 |
| ||
Restricted cash—long-term portion |
| 2,425 |
| 2,175 |
| ||
Other assets |
| 27,755 |
| 28,032 |
| ||
Total assets |
| $ | 683,717 |
| $ | 713,310 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
| $ | 55,392 |
| $ | 62,559 |
|
Deferred revenue—current portion |
| 16,090 |
| 16,198 |
| ||
Total current liabilities |
| 71,482 |
| 78,757 |
| ||
Deferred revenue—long-term portion |
| 3,499 |
| 3,583 |
| ||
Other long-term liabilities |
| 10,745 |
| 10,972 |
| ||
Convertible notes |
| 316,341 |
| 316,341 |
| ||
Stockholders’ equity: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Common stock |
| 707 |
| 703 |
| ||
Additional paid-in capital |
| 723,619 |
| 721,641 |
| ||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
| (1,080 | ) | (2,296 | ) | ||
Accumulated deficit |
| (441,596 | ) | (416,391 | ) | ||
Total stockholders’ equity |
| 281,650 |
| 303,657 |
| ||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
| $ | 683,717 |
| $ | 713,310 |
|
Note 1: | The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2008 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. |
See accompanying notes.
3
AFFYMETRIX, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
REVENUE: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Product sales |
| $ | 64,870 |
| $ | 62,806 |
|
Services |
| 11,556 |
| 8,420 |
| ||
Royalties and other revenue |
| 2,135 |
| 98,349 |
| ||
Total revenue |
| 78,561 |
| 169,575 |
| ||
COSTS AND EXPENSES: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cost of product sales |
| 34,434 |
| 25,977 |
| ||
Cost of services and other |
| 7,590 |
| 5,678 |
| ||
Research and development |
| 21,283 |
| 18,768 |
| ||
Selling, general and administrative |
| 33,982 |
| 34,733 |
| ||
Acquired in-process technology |
| — |
| 800 |
| ||
Restructuring charges |
| 1,967 |
| 13,910 |
| ||
Total costs and expenses |
| 99,256 |
| 99,866 |
| ||
(Loss) income from operations |
| (20,695 | ) | 69,709 |
| ||
Interest income and other, net |
| (840 | ) | 6,872 |
| ||
Interest expense |
| (3,177 | ) | (3,589 | ) | ||
(Loss) income before income taxes |
| (24,712 | ) | 72,992 |
| ||
Income tax provision |
| (493 | ) | (26,740 | ) | ||
Net (loss) income |
| $ | (25,205 | ) | $ | 46,252 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Basic net (loss) income per common share |
| $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | 0.68 |
|
Diluted net (loss) income per common share |
| $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | 0.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Shares used in computing basic net (loss) income per common share |
| 68,617 |
| 68,504 |
| ||
Shares used in computing diluted net (loss) income per common share |
| 68,617 |
| 83,001 |
|
See accompanying notes.
4
AFFYMETRIX, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Net (loss) income |
| $ | (25,205 | ) | $ | 46,252 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Depreciation and amortization |
| 9,427 |
| 6,996 |
| ||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| 3,790 |
| 2,598 |
| ||
Charge for acquired in-process technology |
| — |
| 800 |
| ||
Amortization of investment premiums, net |
| 315 |
| 909 |
| ||
Stock-based compensation |
| 2,083 |
| 2,622 |
| ||
Realized loss (gain) on equity investments |
| 1,161 |
| (70 | ) | ||
Realized loss (gain) on the sales of investments |
| 45 |
| (36 | ) | ||
Deferred tax assets |
| 55 |
| 21,272 |
| ||
Amortization of debt offering costs |
| 363 |
| 526 |
| ||
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment |
| (613 | ) | 12,529 |
| ||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Restricted cash |
| 1,903 |
| (4,000 | ) | ||
Accounts receivable, net |
| 3,261 |
| 9,014 |
| ||
Inventories |
| 3,340 |
| (1,682 | ) | ||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
| 3,483 |
| 9,791 |
| ||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
| (7,167 | ) | (19,838 | ) | ||
Deferred revenue |
| (192 | ) | (5,144 | ) | ||
Other long-term liabilities |
| (227 | ) | (836 | ) | ||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |
| (4,178 | ) | 81,703 |
| ||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Capital expenditures |
| (3,823 | ) | (3,759 | ) | ||
Purchases of available-for-sale securities |
| (183,333 | ) | (133,682 | ) | ||
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities |
| 144,542 |
| 262,720 |
| ||
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired |
| — |
| (65,159 | ) | ||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
| (42,614 | ) | 60,120 |
| ||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Issuance of common stock, net |
| (101 | ) | 216 |
| ||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
| (101 | ) | 216 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
| (385 | ) | 473 |
| ||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
| (47,278 | ) | 142,512 |
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
| 113,292 |
| 288,644 |
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
| $ | 66,014 |
| $ | 431,156 |
|
See accompanying notes.
5
AFFYMETRIX, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2009
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Affymetrix, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (“Affymetrix” or the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring entries) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.
Results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for any future interim period or for the entire year. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Overview
The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. In instances where final acceptance of the product or system is required, revenue is deferred until all the acceptance criteria have been met.
The Company derives the majority of its revenue from product sales of GeneChip® probe arrays, reagents, and related instrumentation that may be sold individually or combined with any of the products, services or other sources of revenue listed below. When a sale combines multiple elements, the Company accounts for multiple element arrangements under Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables, (“EITF 00-21”)
EITF 00-21 provides guidance on accounting for arrangements that involve the delivery or performance of multiple products, services and/or rights to use assets. In accordance with EITF 00-21, the Company allocates revenue for transactions or collaborations that include multiple elements to each unit of accounting based on its relative fair value, and recognizes revenue for each unit of accounting when the revenue recognition criteria have been met. The price charged when the element is sold separately generally determines fair value. In the absence of fair value of a delivered element, the Company allocates revenue first to the fair value of the undelivered elements and the residual revenue to the delivered elements. The Company recognizes revenue for delivered elements when the delivered elements have standalone value and the Company has objective and reliable evidence of fair value for each undelivered element. If the fair value of any undelivered element included in a multiple element arrangement cannot be objectively determined, revenue is deferred until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, or until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements.
Product Sales
Product sales include sales of GeneChip® probe arrays, reagents and related instrumentation. Probe array, reagent and instrumentation revenues are recognized when earned, which is generally upon shipment and transfer of title to the customer and fulfillment of any significant post-delivery obligations. Accruals are provided for anticipated warranty expenses at the time the associated revenue is recognized.
6
Services
Services revenue includes equipment service revenue; scientific services revenue, which includes associated consumables; and revenue from custom probe array design fees.
Revenue related to extended warranty arrangements is deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable periods. Revenue from custom probe array design fees associated with the Company’s GeneChip® CustomExpress™ and CustomSeq™ products are recognized when the associated products are shipped.
Revenue from scientific and DNA analysis services are recognized upon shipment of the required data to the customer.
Royalties and Other Revenue
Royalties and other revenue include license revenue; royalties earned from third party license agreements; milestones and royalties earned from collaborative product development and supply agreements; subscription fees earned under GeneChip® array access programs; and research revenue which mainly consists of amounts earned under government grants; and non-recurring intellectual property payments.
License revenues are generally recognized upon execution of the agreement unless the Company has continuing performance obligations, in which case the license revenue is recognized ratably over the period of expected performance.
Royalty revenues are earned from the sale of products by third parties who have been licensed under the Company’s intellectual property portfolio. Revenue from minimum royalties is amortized over the term of the creditable royalty period. Any royalties received in excess of minimum royalty payments are recognized under the terms of the related agreement, generally upon notification of manufacture or shipment of a product by a licensee.
The Company enters into collaborative arrangements which generally include a research and product development phase and a manufacturing and product supply phase. These arrangements may include up-front nonrefundable license fees, milestones, the rights to royalties based on the sale of final product by the partner, product supply agreements and distribution arrangements.
Any up-front, nonrefundable payments from collaborative product development agreements are recognized ratably over the research and product development period, and at-risk substantive based milestones are recognized when earned. Any payments received which are not yet earned are included in deferred revenue.
Revenue from subscription fees earned under GeneChip® array access programs is recorded ratably over the related supply term.
Research revenues result primarily from research grants received from U.S. Government entities or from subcontracts with other life science research-based companies which receive their research grant funding from the U.S. Government. Revenues from research contracts are generated from the efforts of the Company’s technical staff and include the costs for material and subcontract efforts. The Company’s research grant contracts generally provide for the payment of negotiated fixed hourly rates for labor hours incurred plus reimbursement of other allowable costs. Research revenue is recorded in the period in which the associated costs are incurred, up to the limit of the prior approval funding amounts contained in each agreement. The costs associated with these grants are reported as research and development expense.
Transactions with Distributors
The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the seller’s price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company’s agreements with distributors do not include rights of return.
7
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period less the weighted-average shares subject to repurchase. Diluted income (loss) per share gives effect to the dilutive common stock subject to repurchase, stock options and warrants (calculated based on the treasury stock method), and convertible debt (calculated using an as-if-converted method).
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Net (loss) income - basic |
| $ | (25,205 | ) | $ | 46,252 |
|
Add effect of dilutive securities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Interest on convertible notes (inclusive of amortization of debt issuance costs) |
| — |
| 2,116 |
| ||
Net (loss) income - diluted |
| $ | (25,205 | ) | $ | 48,368 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Shares used in computing basic net (loss) income per common share |
| 68,617 |
| 68,504 |
| ||
Add effect of dilutive securities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Employee stock options |
| — |
| 89 |
| ||
Common stock subject to repurchase |
| — |
| 39 |
| ||
Convertible notes |
| — |
| 14,369 |
| ||
Shares used in computing diluted net (loss) income per common share |
| 68,617 |
| 83,001 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Basic net (loss) income per common share |
| $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | 0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Diluted net (loss) income per common share |
| $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | 0.58 |
|
The following securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) income per common share, on an actual outstanding basis, as they were anti-dilutive (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
|
Employee stock options |
| 6,598 |
| 4,833 |
|
Restricted stock subject to repurchase |
| 2,074 |
| — |
|
Convertible notes |
| 10,502 |
| — |
|
Total |
| 19,174 |
| 4,833 |
|
Restructuring
The Company has in recent years engaged in, and may continue to engage in, restructuring actions, which require management to utilize significant estimates related to expenses for severance and other employee separation costs, lease cancellation, realizable values of assets that may become duplicative or obsolete, and other exit costs. If the actual amounts differ from the Company’s estimates, the amount of the restructuring charges could be materially impacted. For a full description of the Company’s restructuring actions, see Note 4.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) Financial Accounting Standard (“FAS”) 141(R)-1, Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies (“FSP 141(R)-1”), which amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141(R)”). FSP 141(R)-1 applies to all assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies that would be within the scope of SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, if not acquired or assumed in a business combination, except for assets or liabilities arising from contingencies that are subject to specific guidance in SFAS 141(R). The provisions of FSP 141(R)-1 that amend SFAS 141(R) are effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company adopted FSP 141(R)-1 on January 1, 2009, and the impact of this guidance will depend upon the nature, terms, and size of the acquisitions the Company consummates.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments (“FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2”), which amends SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, and SFAS No. 124, Accounting for Certain Investments Held by Not-for-Profit Organizations. This FSP amends the other-than-temporary guidance in U.S. GAAP for debt securities to make the guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities. The provisions of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 that amend SFAS 115 and SFAS 124 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company’s implementation of this FSP is not expected to affect its consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
8
NOTE 2—FAIR VALUE
In accordance with SFAS 157, the following table represents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets (cash equivalents and investments) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2009 (in thousands):
|
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Total |
| |||
Non-U.S. equity securities |
| $ | 727 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 727 |
|
U.S. government obligations and agencies |
| — |
| 215,536 |
| 215,536 |
| |||
U.S. corporate debt |
| — |
| 101,361 |
| 101,361 |
| |||
Total |
| $ | 727 |
| $ | 316,897 |
| $ | 317,624 |
|
As of March 31, 2009, the Company had no financial assets or liabilities requiring Level 3 classification.
In accordance with SFAS 157, the following table represents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets (cash equivalents and investments) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):
|
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Total |
| |||
Non-U.S. equity securities |
| $ | 842 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 842 |
|
U.S. government obligations and agencies |
| — |
| 203,488 |
| 203,488 |
| |||
U.S. corporate debt |
| — |
| 93,916 |
| 93,916 |
| |||
Total |
| $ | 842 |
| $ | 297,404 |
| $ | 298,246 |
|
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had no financial assets or liabilities requiring Level 3 classification.
NOTE 3—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The Company has a stock-based compensation program that provides the Board of Directors broad discretion in creating equity incentives for employees, officers, directors and consultants. This program includes incentive and non-qualified stock options and non-vested stock awards (also known as restricted stock) granted under various stock plans. Stock options are generally time-based, vesting 25% on each annual anniversary of the grant date over four years and expire 7 to 10 years from the grant date. Non-vested stock awards are generally time-based, vesting 25% on each annual anniversary of the grant date over four years. As of March 31, 2009, the Company had approximately 2.4 million shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under its stock-based compensation plans. New shares are issued as a result of stock option exercises and non-vested restricted stock awards.
The Company allocated stock-based compensation expense under SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, as follows (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
Costs of product sales |
| $ | 405 |
| $ | 364 |
|
Research and development |
| 393 |
| 523 |
| ||
Selling, general and administrative |
| 1,285 |
| 1,735 |
| ||
Total stock-based compensation expense |
| $ | 2,083 |
| $ | 2,622 |
|
As of March 31, 2009, $31.9 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested awards is expected to be recognized over the respective vesting terms of each award through 2013. The weighted average term of the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense is 3.1 years.
9
Stock Options
The fair value of options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
|
Risk free interest rate |
| 1.4 | % | 2.5 | % |
Expected dividend yield |
| 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % |
Expected volatility |
| 70 | % | 42 | % |
Expected option term (in years) |
| 4.1 |
| 4.5 |
|
The risk free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the Company’s stock options is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected term is derived from an analysis of the Company’s historical exercise trends over ten years. The expected volatility is based on a blend of historical and market-based implied volatility. Using the assumptions above, the weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 was $1.62 and $7.37, respectively.
NOTE 4—RESTRUCTURING
Fiscal 2008 Restructuring Plan
In February 2008, the Company committed to a restructuring plan (the “2008 Plan”) designed primarily to optimize its production capacity and cost structure and improve its future gross margins. The plan involves the closure of its West Sacramento manufacturing facility after which all of the Company’s products will be manufactured at its Singapore and Ohio facilities, as well as by third parties. The Company expects the closure of the West Sacramento facility to be substantially complete by the end of the second quarter of 2009.
The Company estimates the total restructuring expenses to be incurred in connection with the 2008 Plan will be approximately $45.4 million. Of this total, approximately $8.2 million relates to employee severance and $37.2 million relates to non-cash charges associated with the abandonment and impairment of certain long-lived manufacturing assets. In accordance with SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (“SFAS 146”), the costs relating to employee severance are being recognized as expense over the remaining service periods of the employees.
The cash outlays to be incurred in connection with the 2008 Plan are estimated to be approximately $8.2 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2009, the Company recognized approximately $1.7 million of expense for employee termination benefits associated with the 2008 Plan. During the quarter ended March 31, 2008, the Company recognized $12.5 million of non-cash charges related to the abandonment and impairment of certain manufacturing assets and $1.4 million of expense for employee termination benefits. These expenses are presented as a component of “Restructuring charges” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In addition to the $45.4 million of restructuring costs noted above, the Company expects to incur a total of approximately $18.9 million of restructuring related costs through the second quarter of 2009 to be included as a component of “Cost of product sales” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Of this total, $12.4 million relates to accelerated depreciation charges associated with the continued use of certain long-lived manufacturing assets and $6.5 million relates to manufacturing transition and other costs.
Fiscal 2007 Restructuring Plan
In July 2007, the Company announced that it was consolidating an administrative facility located in Sunnyvale, California into its main campus in Santa Clara, California (the “2007 Plan”). Additionally, in August and December 2007, the Company terminated certain employees in the research and development and selling, general and administrative functions. The Sunnyvale, California facility was vacated during the fourth quarter of 2007. The estimated cash outlays to be incurred in connection with these restructuring activities are estimated to be approximately $4.6 million. During the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, the amount of expense recognized associated with the 2007 Plan was not material.
10
Fiscal 2006 Restructuring Plan
In 2006, the Company initiated a restructuring plan (the “2006 Plan”) to better align certain of its expenses with the Company’s business outlook. The Company’s primary focus of the 2006 Plan was in the general and administrative functions and included rationalizing its facilities. Cash outlays incurred in connection with these restructuring activities were estimated to be approximately $16.8 million. During the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, the amount of expense recognized associated with the 2006 Plan was not material.
The activity for the restructuring plans above for the year ended March 31, 2009 and estimated costs for the amounts expected to be recognized as “Restructuring charges” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| As of |
| |||||||||
|
| Balance as of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance as of |
| Total |
| Total |
| |||||||
|
| December 31, |
| 2009 |
| Cash |
| Non-Cash |
| March 31, |
| costs |
| expected |
| |||||||
|
| 2008 |
| Charges |
| Payments |
| Settlements |
| 2009 |
| to date |
| costs |
| |||||||
Fiscal 2008 Restructuring Plan: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Employee severance and relocation benefits |
| $ | 3,178 |
| $ | 1,747 |
| $ | (715 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 4,210 |
| $ | 7,540 |
| $ | 8,200 |
|
Abandonment and impairment of certain long-lived manufacturing assets |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 37,089 |
| 37,089 |
| |||||||
Fiscal 2007 Restructuring Plan: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Employee severance and relocation benefits |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2,888 |
| 2,888 |
| |||||||
Contract termination costs |
| 504 |
| 25 |
| (129 | ) | — |
| 400 |
| 1,694 |
| 1,700 |
| |||||||
Other restructuring costs |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 113 |
| 113 |
| |||||||
Fiscal 2006 Restructuring Plan: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Employee severance and relocation benefits |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 20,197 |
| 20,197 |
| |||||||
Contract termination costs |
| 1,222 |
| 8 |
| (50 | ) | — |
| 1,180 |
| 2,610 |
| 2,900 |
| |||||||
Other restructuring costs |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 2,194 |
| 2,194 |
| |||||||
Total |
| $ | 4,904 |
| $ | 1,780 |
| $ | (894 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | 5,790 |
| $ | 74,325 |
| $ | 75,281 |
|
NOTE 5—INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
|
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| ||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
Raw materials |
| $ | 21,123 |
| $ | 22,799 |
|
Work-in-process |
| 11,839 |
| 12,192 |
| ||
Finished goods |
| 15,031 |
| 16,342 |
| ||
Total |
| $ | 47,993 |
| $ | 51,333 |
|
NOTE 6—ACQUIRED TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS
Acquired technology rights are comprised of licenses to technology covered by patents to third parties and are amortized over the expected useful life of the underlying patents, which range from one to fifteen years. Accumulated amortization of these rights amounted to approximately $49.5 million and $52.4 million at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
11
The expected future annual amortization expense of the Company’s acquired technology rights and other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):
|
| Amortization |
| |
For the Year Ending December 31, |
| Expense |
| |
2009, remainder thereof |
| $ | 9,662 |
|
2010 |
| 12,212 |
| |
2011 |
| 12,031 |
| |
2012 |
| 10,257 |
| |
2013 |
| 7,749 |
| |
Thereafter |
| 7,107 |
| |
Total |
| $ | 59,018 |
|
NOTE 7—COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
The components of comprehensive (loss) income are as follows (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
Net (loss) income |
| $ | (25,205 | ) | $ | 46,252 |
|
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain adjustment |
| (385 | ) | 473 |
| ||
Unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities |
| 1,601 |
| (2,300 | ) | ||
Comprehensive (loss) income |
| $ | (23,989 | ) | $ | 44,425 |
|
NOTE 8—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Perlegen Sciences, Inc.
As of March 31, 2009, the Company, and certain of its affiliates, including certain members of the Board of Directors, held approximately 22% ownership interest in Perlegen Sciences, Inc. (“Perlegen”), a privately-held biotechnology company. In addition, two members of Perlegen’s Board of Directors are also members of the Company’s Board of Directors.
The Company accounts for its ownership interest in Perlegen using the equity method as the Company and its affiliates do not control the strategic, operating, investing and financing activities of Perlegen; however, the Company does have significant influence over Perlegen’s operating activities. Further, the Company has no obligations to provide funding to Perlegen nor does it guarantee or otherwise have any obligations related to the liabilities or results of operations of Perlegen or its investors. As of June 30, 2005, the Company had reduced the carrying value of its investment to zero through the recording of its proportionate share of Perlegen’s operating losses.
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51 as amended, the Company has concluded that Perlegen is a variable interest entity in which the Company holds a variable interest, and that the Company is not the primary beneficiary.
NOTE 9—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Proceedings
The Company has been in the past, and continues to be, a party to litigation which has consumed and may continue to consume substantial financial and managerial resources.
Illumina Lawsuit
On May 4, 2009, the Company was named as a defendant in a complaint filed by plaintiff Illumina, Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. In the complaint, plaintiff alleges that we are infringing Patent No. 7,510,841 by making and selling certain of our GeneChip® products. Plaintiff seeks a permanent injunction enjoining us from further infringement and unspecified monetary damages. The Company will vigorously defend against plaintiff’s claims.
12
E8 Pharmaceuticals LLC
On July 1, 2008, the Company was named as a defendant in a complaint filed by plaintiffs E8 Pharmaceuticals LLC and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States District Court of Massachusetts. In the complaint, the plaintiffs allege that the Company is infringing one patent owned by MIT and licensed to E8 Pharmaceuticals by making and selling the Company’s GeneChip® products to customers and teaching its customers how to use the products. The plaintiffs seek a permanent injunction enjoining the Company from further infringement, unspecified monetary damages, enhanced damages pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 284, costs, attorneys’ fees and other relief as the court deems just and proper. The Company will vigorously defend against plaintiff’s claims.
Shareholder Derivative Lawsuits
In 2006, three shareholders of the Company filed purported derivative lawsuits on behalf of the Company, which lawsuits names the Company (as nominal defendant) and several of the Company’s current and former officers and directors, and allege that these officers and directors breached their fiduciary duties and other laws by participating in backdating stock options grants. Two of these lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, one on August 30, 2006 and the other on September 13, 2006, and were subsequently consolidated. The third lawsuit was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California on October 20, 2006. The substance of the allegations in these cases is similar, and includes claims against the individual defendants for breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, and violations of federal securities laws, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, and certain state laws in each case in connection with the allegedly backdated options. On December 19, 2008, the parties executed a preliminary memorandum of understanding providing for the settlement of the shareholder derivative lawsuits. Under this memorandum, the parties tentatively agreed, among other things, to the adoption of certain corporate governance enhancements and the payment of $3.5 million to counsel for plaintiffs. The proposed settlement is subject to the negotiation and execution of a final memorandum of understanding and stipulation of settlement, and to court approval. The proposed settlement payment has been recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Enzo Litigation
On October 28, 2003, Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Enzo Biochem, Inc. (collectively “Enzo”) filed a complaint against the Company that is now pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York for breach of contract, injunctive relief and declaratory judgment. The Enzo complaint relates to a 1998 distributorship agreement with Enzo under which the Company served as a non-exclusive distributor of certain reagent labeling kits supplied by Enzo. In its complaint, Enzo seeks monetary damages and an injunction against the Company from using, manufacturing or selling Enzo products and from inducing collaborators and customers to use Enzo products in violation of the 1998 agreement. Enzo also seeks the transfer of certain Affymetrix patents to Enzo. In connection with its complaint, Enzo provided the Company with a notice of termination of the 1998 agreement effective on November 12, 2003.
On November 10, 2003, the Company filed a complaint against Enzo in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York for declaratory judgment, breach of contract and injunctive relief relating to the 1998 agreement. In its complaint, the Company alleges that Enzo has engaged in a pattern of wrongful conduct against it and other Enzo labeling reagent customers by, among other things, asserting improperly broad rights in its patent portfolio, improperly using the 1998 agreement and distributorship agreements with others in order to corner the market for non-radioactive labeling reagents, and improperly using the 1998 agreement to claim ownership rights to the Company’s proprietary technology. The Company seeks declarations that it has not breached the 1998 agreement and that nine Enzo patents that are identified in the 1998 agreement are invalid and/or not infringed by it. The Company also seeks damages and injunctive relief to redress Enzo’s alleged breaches of the 1998 agreement, its alleged tortious interference with the Company’s business relationships and prospective economic advantage, and Enzo’s alleged unfair competition. The Company filed a notice of related case stating that its complaint against Enzo is related to the complaints already pending in the Southern District of New York against eight other former Enzo distributors. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York has related the Company’s case. There is no trial date in the actions between Enzo and the Company.
The Company has filed the action in the Southern District of New York to protect its interests. However, the Company cannot be sure that it will prevail in these matters.
Administrative Litigation and Proceedings
The Company’s intellectual property is subject to a number of significant administrative and litigation actions. These proceedings could result in the Company’s patent protection being significantly modified or reduced, and the incurrence of significant costs and the consumption of substantial managerial resources.
13
NOTE 10—INCOME TAXES
The provision for income tax for the first quarter of 2009 was approximately $0.5 million. The provision for income tax results from foreign taxes in profitable locations.
Due to the Company’s history of cumulative operating losses, management concluded that, after considering all the available objective evidence, it is not more likely that not that all the Company’s net deferred tax assets will be realized. Accordingly, all of the U.S. deferred tax assets, net of FIN 48 reserves, continue to be subject to a valuation allowance as of March 31, 2009.
As of March 31, 2009, there have been no material changes to the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as of March 31, 2009 and for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 should be read in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
All statements in this quarterly report that are not historical are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act as amended, including statements regarding our “expectations,” “beliefs,” “hopes,” “intentions,” “strategies” or the like. Such statements are based on our current expectations and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Actual results or business conditions may differ materially from those projected or suggested in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, risks of our ability to achieve and sustain higher levels of revenue, improved gross margins, reduced operating expenses, market acceptance, personnel retention, global economic conditions, fluctuations in overall capital spending in the academic and biotechnology sectors, changes in government funding policies, unpredictable fluctuations in quarterly revenues, uncertainties related to cost and pricing of Affymetrix products, dependence on collaborative partners, uncertainties relating to sole source suppliers, uncertainties relating to FDA, and other regulatory approvals, risks relating to intellectual property of others and the uncertainties of patent protection and litigation.
Overview
We are engaged in the development, manufacture, sale and service of consumables and systems for genetic analysis in the life sciences and clinical healthcare markets. There are a number of factors that influence the size and development of our industry, including: the availability of genomic sequence data for human and other organisms, technological innovation that increases throughput and lowers the cost of genomic and genetic analysis, the development of new computational techniques to handle and analyze large amounts of genomic data, the availability of government and private funding for basic and disease-related research, the amount of capital and ongoing expenditures allocated to research and development spending by biotechnology, pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies, the application of genomics to new areas including molecular diagnostics, agriculture, human identity and consumer goods, and the availability of genetic markers and signatures of diagnostic value.
We have established our GeneChip® system as the platform of choice for acquiring, analyzing and managing complex genetic information. Our integrated GeneChip® platform includes disposable DNA probe arrays (chips) consisting of gene sequences set out in an ordered, high density pattern; certain reagents for use with the probe arrays; a scanner and other instruments used to process the probe arrays; and software to analyze and manage genomic information obtained from the probe arrays. We currently sell our products directly to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, agrichemical, diagnostics and consumer products companies as well as academic research centers, government research laboratories, private foundation laboratories and clinical reference laboratories in North America and Europe. We also sell our products through life science supply specialists acting as authorized distributors in Latin America, India, the Middle East and Asia Pacific regions, including China. The following overview describes three of the key elements of our business strategy and our goals:
Expanding into new markets. We intend to generate top-line revenue growth through the successful commercialization of our technologies and expansion of our customer base, including leveraging our technologies and those we’ve recently acquired into new markets. We believe that the genotyping market will continue to be one of the most attractive growth opportunities in life sciences and that new content packaged in versatile formats will drive growth. These opportunities include emerging cytogenetic and copy number diagnostics and our Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters (DMET) product which we believe addresses a significant unmet need for our pharmaceutical partners. We see opportunities in applications that are downstream from genome-wide analysis, particularly in validation and routine testing.
14
Re-engineering our technology platform. This includes the combination of automated instrumentation, powerful new biological assays, and new array designs and content that will result in a significant expansion of our product line. The new GeneTitan System, our next generation mid-to-high end instrumentation platform enables significantly increased efficiency and through-put for researchers conducting array-based experiments. This fully-automated solution leads to higher data quality by removing or minimizing many of the sources of variation in laboratory. In addition to our cartridge based formats, we are transitioning many of our legacy products to the new “peg” array format. We intend to provide a complete menu of gene expression and genotyping applications.
Improving operating leverage. Starting in February 2008 we implemented a restructuring plan in order to optimize our production capacity and cost structure to enable us to decrease our cost of manufacturing and operating expenses. We intend to move by mid 2009 our probe array manufacturing to our Singapore facility, our reagent manufacturing to our Cleveland facility and outsource our instrument manufacturing operations.
Critical Accounting Policies & Estimates
General
The following section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our significant accounting policies are fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements. However, certain accounting policies are particularly important to the reporting of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management. An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements. Management believes the following critical accounting policies reflect its more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
We enter into contracts to sell our products and, while the majority of our sales agreements contain standard terms and conditions, there are agreements that contain multiple elements or non-standard terms and conditions. As a result, significant contract interpretation is sometimes required to determine the appropriate accounting, including whether the deliverables specified in a multiple element arrangement should be treated as separate units of accounting for revenue recognition purposes, and if so, how the value of the arrangement should be allocated among the deliverable elements, when and how to recognize revenue for each element, and the period over which revenue should be recognized. We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when the fair values of undelivered elements are known and customer acceptance, if required, has occurred. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered to undelivered elements might impact the timing of revenue recognition, but would not change the total revenue recognized on any arrangement.
Accounts Receivable
We evaluate the collectability of our trade receivables based on a combination of factors. We regularly analyze our significant customer accounts, and, when we become aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position, we record specific bad debt allowances to reduce the related receivable to the amount we reasonably believe is collectible. We also record allowances for bad debt on a small portion of all other customer balances based on a variety of factors, including the length of time the receivables are past due, the financial health of the customer, macroeconomic considerations and historical experience. If circumstances related to specific customers change, our estimates of the recoverability of receivables could be further adjusted.
Inventories
We enter into inventory purchases and commitments so that we can meet future shipment schedules based on forecasted demand for our products. The business environment in which we operate is subject to rapid changes in technology and customer demand. We perform a detailed assessment of inventory each period, which includes a review of, among other factors, demand requirements, product life cycle and development plans, component cost trends, product pricing, product expiration and quality issues. Based on this analysis, we record adjustments to inventory for potentially excess, obsolete or impaired goods, when appropriate, in order to report inventory at net realizable value. Revisions to our inventory adjustments may be required if actual demand, component costs, supplier arrangements, or product life cycles differ from our estimates.
15
Non-marketable Securities
As part of our strategic efforts to gain access to potential new products and technologies, we invest in equity securities of certain private biotechnology companies. Our non-marketable equity securities are carried at cost unless we determine that an impairment that is other than temporary has occurred, in which case we write the investment down to its impaired value. We periodically review our investments for impairment; however, the impairment analysis requires significant judgment in identifying events or circumstances that would likely have significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. The analysis may include assessment of the investee’s (i) revenue and earnings trend, (ii) business outlook for its products and technologies, (iii) liquidity position and the rate at which it is using its cash, and (iv) likelihood of obtaining subsequent rounds of financing. If an investee obtains additional funding at a valuation lower than our carrying value, we presume that the investment is other than temporarily impaired. We have experienced impairments in our portfolio due to the decline in the value of certain of our non-marketable investments over the past few years.
Acquired Technology Rights
Acquired technology rights are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and are comprised of licenses to technology covered by patents held by third parties or acquired by the Company. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful life of the underlying patents, which has historically ranged from one to thirteen years. SFAS 142 requires purchased intangible assets other than goodwill to be amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite.
The determination as to whether a write-down of intangible assets, including acquired technology rights, is necessary involves significant judgment based on short-term and long-term projections of our operations. The assumptions supporting the estimated future cash flows of the reporting unit, including profit margins, long-term forecasts of the amounts and timing of overall market growth and our percentage of that market, discount rates and terminal growth rates, reflect our best estimates.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense is based on pretax financial accounting income. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. We must assess the likelihood that the resulting deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent we believe that realization is not more likely than not, we establish a valuation allowance. Significant estimates are required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance to be recorded against our deferred tax assets. Some of these estimates are based on interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations. We believe that our estimates are reasonable and that our reserves for income tax related uncertainties are adequate. Various internal and external factors may have favorable or unfavorable effects on our future effective tax rate. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in tax laws, regulations and/or rates, changing interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, future levels of research and development spending, nondeductible expenses, changes in overall levels, character, geographical mix of pretax earnings, and ultimate outcomes of income tax audits.
Contingencies
We are subject to legal proceedings principally related to intellectual property matters. Based on the information available at the balance sheet dates, we assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters, as well as potential ranges of probable losses. If losses are probable and reasonably estimable, we will record a reserve in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. Any reserves recorded may change in the future due to new developments in each matter.
16
Accounting for Stock-based Compensation
We account for employee stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123R”). Under the provisions of SFAS 123R, we estimate the fair value of our employee stock awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of certain subjective assumptions. The most significant of these assumptions are our estimates of the expected term, volatility and forfeiture rates of the awards. The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined using a combination of historical and implied volatility of our common stock. We determined that blended volatility is more reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than historical volatility. The estimate of these key assumptions is based on historical information and judgment regarding market factors and trends. As required under the accounting rules, we review our valuation assumptions at each grant date and, as a result, we are likely to change our valuation assumptions used to value employee stock-based awards granted in future periods. We adopted SFAS 123R on a modified prospective basis. As of March 31, 2009, $31.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested employee stock awards not yet recognized is expected to be allocated to cost of products sales and operating expenses over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.
Restructuring
In recent years we engaged in, and may continue to engage in, restructuring actions, which require management to utilize significant estimates related to expenses for severance and other employee separation costs, lease cancellation, realizable values of assets that may become duplicative or obsolete, and other exit costs. If the actual amounts differ from our estimates, the amount of the restructuring charges could be materially impacted. Refer to Note 4, “Restructuring”, for further information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) Financial Accounting Standard (“FAS”) 141(R)-1, Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies (“FSP 141(R)-1”), which amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141(R)”). FSP 141(R)-1 applies to all assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies that would be within the scope of SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, if not acquired or assumed in a business combination, except for assets or liabilities arising from contingencies that are subject to specific guidance in SFAS 141(R). The provisions of FSP 141(R)-1 that amend SFAS 141(R) are effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We adopted FSP 141(R)-1 on January 1, 2009, and the impact of this guidance will depend upon the nature, terms, and size of the acquisitions we consummate.
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments (“FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2”), which amends SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, and SFAS No. 124, Accounting for Certain Investments Held by Not-for-Profit Organizations. This FSP amends the other-than-temporary guidance in U.S. GAAP for debt securities to make the guidance more operational and to improve the presentation and disclosure of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities. The provisions of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 that amend SFAS 115 and SFAS 124 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. Our implementation of this FSP is not expected to affect our consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Results of Operations
The following discussion compares the historical results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Product Sales
The components of product sales are as follows (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Consumables |
| $ | 59,662 |
| $ | 58,756 |
| $ | 906 |
| 2 | % |
Instruments |
| 5,208 |
| 4,050 |
| 1,158 |
| 29 |
| |||
Total product sales |
| $ | 64,870 |
| $ | 62,806 |
| $ | 2,064 |
| 3 |
|
Total product sales increased in the first quarter of 2009 as compared to 2008. Consumables, which include probe arrays and reagents, increased primarily due to an increase in the volume of sales of reagents associated with our acquisitions of USB Corporation and Panomics, Inc in 2008. This was partially offset by a decrease in unit sales of our probe arrays. Instrument sales increased primarily due to an increase in unit sales of our Probe Array systems and GeneChip® Scanners.
Services (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Services |
| $ | 11,556 |
| $ | 8,420 |
| $ | 3,136 |
| 37 | % |
Total services revenue increased in the first quarter of 2009 as compared to 2008, primarily due to an increase of $3.3 million in our genotyping services business.
17
Royalties and Other Revenue (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Royalties and other revenue |
| $ | 2,135 |
| $ | 98,349 |
| $ | (96,214 | ) | (98 | )% |
Royalties and other revenue decreased in the first quarter of 2009 as compared to 2008 primarily due to the recognition of a non-recurring $90 million intellectual property payment received in January 2008. Exclusive of the non-recurring intellectual property payment, royalties and other revenue has been declining from historical levels and it is unknown if this trend will reverse in future periods.
Product and Services Gross Margins (in thousands, except percentage/point amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar/Point |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Total gross margin on product sales |
| $ | 30,436 |
| $ | 36,829 |
| $ | (6,393 | ) |
Total gross margin on services |
| 3,975 |
| 2,742 |
| 1,233 |
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Product gross margin as a percentage of products sales |
| 47 | % | 59 | % | (12 | ) | |||
Service gross margin as a percentage of services |
| 34 | % | 33 | % | 1 |
| |||
The decrease in product gross margin in the first quarter of 2009 as compared to 2008 is primarily due to $4.6 million of costs associated with closing our West Sacramento facility. The remaining margin differential was primarily driven by revenue mix shift to lower margin products and RNA consumables average selling price decline.
The increase in services gross margin in the first quarter of 2009 as compared to 2008 was primarily due to higher revenue and a more favorable mix of programs.
Research and Development Expenses (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Research and development |
| $ | 21,283 |
| $ | 18,768 |
| $ | 2,515 |
| 13 | % |
The increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to higher headcount related expenses and increased spending for supplies and outside services.
Our research and development costs have recently increased and we believe a substantial investment in research and development is essential to a long-term sustainable competitive advantage and is critical to expansion into additional markets.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Selling, general and administrative |
| $ | 33,982 |
| $ | 34,733 |
| $ | (751 | ) | (2 | )% |
The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a decrease in variable compensation plus lower stock option based expenses and a decrease in consulting and purchased services.
18
Acquired-in-process technology (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Acquired in-process technology |
| $ | — |
| $ | 800 |
| $ | (800 | ) | (100 | )% |
During the first quarter of 2008, we recorded a charge of approximately $0.8 million to acquired in-process technology upon the completion of our acquisition of USB Corp. on January 30, 2008. We determined the estimated fair value of certain research and development programs in-process at the acquisition date that had not yet reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use. These projects primarily included certain molecular biology projects. The fair values of these projects were determined using the Income Approach whereby we estimated each project’s related future net cash flows between 2008 and 2014 and discounted them to their present value using a risk adjusted discount rate of 21%. This discount rate is based on our estimated weighted average cost of capital adjusted upward for the risks associated with the projects acquired.
Restructuring charges (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Restructuring |
| $ | 1,967 |
| $ | 13,910 |
| $ | (11,943 | ) | (86 | )% |
Fiscal 2008 Restructuring Plan
In February 2008, we committed to a restructuring plan (the “2008 Plan”) designed primarily to optimize our production capacity and cost structure and improve our future gross margins. The plan involves the closure of our West Sacramento manufacturing facility after which all of our products will be manufactured at our Singapore and Ohio facilities, as well as by third parties. We expect the closure of the West Sacramento facility to be substantially complete by the end of the second quarter of 2009.
We estimate the total restructuring expenses to be incurred in connection with the 2008 Plan will be approximately $45.4 million. Of this total, approximately $8.2 million relates to employee severance and $37.2 million relates to non-cash charges associated with the abandonment and impairment of certain long-lived manufacturing assets. In accordance with SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (“SFAS 146”), the costs relating to employee severance and relocation are being recognized as expense over the remaining service periods of the employees.
The cash outlays to be incurred in connection with the 2008 Plan are estimated to be approximately $8.2 million. During the quarter ended March 31, 2009, we recognized approximately $1.8 million of expense for employee termination benefits associated with the 2008 Plan. During the quarter ended March 31, 2008 we recognized $12.5 million of non-cash charges related to the abandonment and impairment of certain manufacturing assets and $1.4 million of expense for employee termination benefits. These expenses are presented as a component of “Restructuring charges” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In addition to the $45.4 million of restructuring costs noted above, we expect to incur a total of approximately $18.9 million of restructuring related costs through the second quarter of 2009 to be included as a component of “Cost of product sales” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Of this total, $12.4 million relates to accelerated depreciation charges associated with the continued use of certain long-lived manufacturing assets and $6.5 million relates to manufacturing transition and other costs.
Interest Income and Other, Net
The components of interest income and other, net, are as follows (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Interest income |
| $ | 1,370 |
| $ | 4,861 |
| $ | (3,491 | ) | (72 | )% |
Realized (loss) gain on equity |
| (1,206 | ) | 1,763 |
| (2,969 | ) | (168 | ) | |||
Currency (loss) gain, net |
| (1,832 | ) | 260 |
| (2,092 | ) | (805 | ) | |||
Other |
| 828 |
| (12 | ) | 840 |
| 7,000 |
| |||
Total interest income and other, net |
| $ | (840 | ) | $ | 6,872 |
| $ | (7,712 | ) | (112 | ) |
19
Interest income and other, net decreased for the first quarter of 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008 primarily due to lower average cash balances, lower yields on marketable securities, a loss of $1.1 million on our non-marketable investment and $1.8 million in currency losses.
Interest Expense (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Interest expense |
| $ | (3,177 | ) | $ | (3,589 | ) | $ | (412 | ) | (11 | )% |
Interest expense decreased in first quarter of 2009 as compared to 2008 primarily due to the retirement of our $120 million 0.75% senior convertible notes in December 2008.
Income Tax (Provision) Benefit (in thousands, except percentage amounts):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Dollar |
| Percentage |
| |||||
|
| March 31, |
| change from |
| change from |
| |||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| 2008 |
| |||
Income tax provision |
| $ | (493 | ) | $ | (26,740 | ) | $ | (26,247 | ) | (98 | )% |
The provision for income tax decreased approximately $26.0 million in the first quarter of 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. The decrease was due to a decrease in profitability. In the first quarter of 2009, the provision for income tax results from foreign taxes in profitable locations.
Due to our history of cumulative operating losses, management concluded in the fourth quarter of 2008 that, after considering all the available objective evidence, it is not more likely that not that all our net deferred tax assets will be realized. Accordingly, all of our U.S. deferred tax assets, net of FIN 48 reserves, continue to be subject to a valuation allowance as of March 31, 2009.
As of March 31, 2009, there have been no material changes to our total amount of unrecognized tax benefits.
20
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cashflow (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| March 31, |
| ||||
|
| 2009 |
| 2008 |
| ||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |
| $ | (4,178 | ) | $ | 81,703 |
|
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
| (42,614 | ) | 60,120 |
| ||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
| (101 | ) | 216 |
| ||
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents |
| (385 | ) | 473 |
| ||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
| $ | (47,278 | ) | $ | 142,512 |
|
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities is net (loss) income adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Cash used in operating activities in the first quarter of 2009 was primarily comprised of a net loss of $25.2 million and non-cash charges that included depreciation and amortization of $13.2 million, stock-based compensation expense of $2.1 million and a loss on equity investments of $1.2 million. Significant changes in assets and liabilities are as follows:
Our total accounts receivable was $59.5 million at March 31, 2009, a decrease of $3.2 million from December 31, 2008. The decrease is primarily due to continued focus on collection efforts.
Our inventory balance was $48.0 million at March 31, 2009, a decrease of $3.3 million from December 31, 2008. The decrease is primarily due to the transition of manufacturing operations from West Sacramento to Singapore and Ohio.
Our accounts payable and accrued liabilities balance was $55.4 million at March 31, 2009, a decrease of $7.2 million from December 31, 2008. The decrease is primarily due to the payout of annual variable compensation, the payment of the semi-annual interest on our convertible debt and severance costs related to the closure of our West Sacramento facility.
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities
Our investing activities, other than purchases, sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities, primarily consist of capital expenditures.
Cash used for capital expenditures was $3.8 million for both the first quarter 2009 and 2008, respectively. Our capital expenditures in 2009 primarily related to the transition of manufacturing operations from West Sacramento to Singapore and Ohio as well as investments in the re-engineering of our technology platforms.
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
Our financing activities generally consist of stock option exercise activity under our employee stock plan. Cash used in the issuance of common stock was $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2009 as a result of the restricted stock awards withheld at the time of vesting to cover the taxes owed. Cash provided by the issuance of stock under our employee stock plan was $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2008.
Liquidity
We have financed our operations primarily through product sales, sales of equity and debt securities, collaborative agreements, interest income, and licensing of our technology. As of March 31, 2009, we had cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale securities of approximately $388.3 million. We anticipate that our existing capital resources along with the cash to be generated from operations will enable us to maintain currently planned operations, acquisitions and capital expenditures, for the foreseeable future. Capital expenditures are estimated to be approximately $15.0 to $17.0 million for the year ending December 31, 2009.
21
However, this expectation is based on our current operating and financing plans, which are subject to change, and therefore we could require additional funding. Factors that may cause us to require additional funding may include: future acquisitions; our ability to maintain existing collaborative and customer arrangements and establish and maintain new collaboration and customer arrangements; the progress of our research and development programs; initiation or expansion of research programs and collaborations; the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing intellectual property rights; the effectiveness of product commercialization activities and arrangements; the purchase of patent licenses; and other factors.
As of December 31, 2008, we have no credit facility or other committed sources of capital. To the extent capital resources are insufficient to meet future capital requirements; we will have to raise additional funds to continue the development of our technologies. There can be no assurance that such funds will be available on favorable terms, or at all. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of such securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to curtail operations significantly or to obtain funds by entering into collaboration agreements on unattractive terms. Our inability to raise capital would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
From time to time, we may seek to retire, repurchase, or exchange our convertible securities in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions dependent on market conditions, liquidity, and contractual obligations and other factors.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
There have been no other significant changes in our off-balance sheet arrangements and aggregate contractual obligations as compared to the disclosures in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
22
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We derive a portion of our revenues in foreign currencies, predominantly in Europe and Japan. In addition, a portion of our assets are held in nonfunctional currencies of our subsidiaries. We use currency forward contracts to manage a portion of the currency exposures created from our activities denominated in foreign currencies. Our hedging program is designed to reduce, but does not entirely eliminate, the impact of currency exchange rate movements.
There have been no other significant changes in our market risk compared to the disclosures in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Disclosure controls and procedures.
Affymetrix’s management carried out an evaluation, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of our last fiscal quarter. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, such that the information relating to Affymetrix and its consolidated subsidiaries required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports filed with the SEC (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to Affymetrix’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting.
Affymetrix’s management carried out an evaluation, as required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of changes in Affymetrix’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Information pertaining to legal proceedings can be found in “Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies” to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements, and is incorporated by reference herein.
In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business could be harmed.
Risks Related to the Growth of Our Business
We must continually offer new products and technologies to be successful.
Our success depends in large part on continuous, timely development and introduction of new products that address evolving market requirements and are attractive to customers. The RNA/DNA probe array field is undergoing rapid technological changes. New technologies, techniques or products could emerge which might allow the packaging and analysis of genomic information at densities similar to or higher than our microarray technology. Other companies may begin to offer products that are directly competitive with, or are technologically superior, to our products. Standardization of tools and systems for genetic research is still ongoing and we cannot assure you that our products will emerge as the standard for genetic research. If we do not appropriately innovate and invest in new technologies, then our technologies will become dated and our customers could move to new technologies offered by our competitors.
23
As a result, we are continually looking to develop, license or acquire new technologies and products to further broaden and deepen our product line. Some of the factors affecting market acceptance of our products include:
· availability, quality and price as compared to competitive products;
· the functionality of new and existing products;
· the timing of introduction of our products as compared to competitive products;
· the existence of undetected product defects;
· scientists’ and customers’ opinions of the product’s utility and our ability to incorporate their feedback into future products;
· citation of the products in published research; and
· general trends in life sciences research and life science informatics software development.
As we introduce new or enhanced products, we must successfully manage the transition from older products to minimize disruption in customers’ ordering patterns, avoid excessive levels of older product inventories and provide sufficient supplies of new products to meet customer demands. Risks relating to product transitions include the inability to accurately forecast demand and difficulties in managing different sales and support requirements due to the type or complexity of the new products.
Failure to integrate acquired businesses into our operations successfully will adversely impact our results of operations.
As part of our strategy to develop and identify new products and technologies, we have made and continue to make acquisitions. Our integration of the operations of acquired businesses requires significant efforts, including the coordination of information technologies, research and development, sales and marketing, operations, manufacturing and finance. These efforts result in additional expenses and divert significant amounts of management’s time from other projects. Our failure to manage successfully and coordinate the growth of the combined company could also have an adverse impact on our business. In addition, there is no guarantee that some of the businesses we acquire will become profitable or remain so. If our acquisitions do not reach our initial expectations, we may record impairment charges.
Factors that will affect the success of our acquisitions include:
· our ability to retain key employees of the acquired company;
· the ability of the combined company to achieve synergies among its constituent companies, such as increasing sales of the combined company’s products, achieving expected cost savings and effectively combining technologies to develop new products; and
· disruption in order fulfillment due to integration processes and therefore loss of sales
· presence or absence of adequate internal controls and/or significant fraud in the financial systems of acquired companies; and
· any decrease in customer and distributor loyalty and product orders caused by dissatisfaction with the combined companies’ product lines and sales and marketing practices, including price increases;
Emerging market opportunities in molecular diagnostics may not develop as quickly as we expect and we depend on the efforts of our partners to be successful.
The clinical applications of GeneChip® technologies for diagnosing and enabling informed disease management options in the treatment of disease is an emerging market opportunity in molecular diagnostics. At this time, we cannot be certain that molecular diagnostic markets will develop as quickly as we expect. Although we believe that there will be clinical applications of our GeneChip® technologies that will be utilized for diagnosing and enabling informed disease management options in the treatment of disease, there can be no certainty of the technical or commercial success our technologies will achieve in such markets.
24
Our success in the molecular diagnostics market depends to a large extent on our collaborative relationships and the ability of our collaborative partners to (1) achieve regulatory approval for such products in the United States and in overseas markets; and (2) successfully market and sell products using our GeneChip® technologies.
Risks Related to Our Sales
We face significant competition.
The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in customer needs, emerging competition, new product introductions and strong price competition. We face significant competition as existing companies develop new or improved products and as new companies enter the market with new technologies.
For example, companies such as Illumina, Agilent Technologies and Life Technologies have products for genetic analysis which are directly competitive with our GeneChip® products. In addition, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have significant needs for genomic information and may choose to develop or acquire competing technologies to meet these needs.
Many of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. In addition, many current and potential competitors have greater name recognition, more extensive customer bases and access to proprietary genetic content.
In the molecular diagnostics field, competition will likely come from established diagnostic companies, companies developing and marketing DNA probe tests for genetic and other diseases and other companies conducting research on new technologies to ascertain and analyze genetic information. Further, in the event that we develop new technology and products that compete with existing technology and products of well established companies, there can be no guarantee that the marketplace will readily adopt any such new technology and products that we may introduce in the future.
The market for molecular diagnostics products is currently limited and highly competitive, with several large companies already having significant market share. Companies such as Beckman Coulter, Becton Dickinson, bioMérieux, Celera Diagnostics, Johnson & Johnson and Roche Diagnostics have made strategic commitments to diagnostics, have financial and other resources to invest in new technologies, and have substantial intellectual property portfolios, substantial experience in new product development, regulatory expertise, manufacturing capabilities and the distribution channels to deliver products to customers. Established diagnostic companies also have an installed base of instruments in several markets, including clinical and reference laboratories, which are not compatible with the GeneChip® system and could deter acceptance of our products. In addition, these companies have formed alliances with genomics companies which provide them access to genetic information that may be incorporated into their diagnostic tests.
Reduction in research and development budgets and government funding adversely impacts our sales.
We expect that our revenues in the foreseeable future will be derived primarily from products and services provided to a relatively small number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and academic, governmental and other research institutions. Our operating results may fluctuate substantially due to reductions and delays in research and development expenditures by these customers.
Factors that could affect the spending levels of our customers include:
· weakness in the global economy and changing market conditions that affect our customers;
· changes in the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry may use genetic information and genetic testing as a methodology for drug discovery and development;
· changes in government programs that provide funding to companies and research institutions;
· changes in the regulatory environment affecting life science companies and life science research;
· Impact of consolidation within the pharmaceutical industry; and
· market-driven pressures on companies to consolidate and reduce costs.
25
If we are unable to maintain our relationships with collaborative partners, we may have difficulty developing and selling our products and services.
We believe that our success in penetrating our target markets depends in part on our ability to develop and maintain collaborative relationships with key companies as well as with key academic researchers. Relying on our collaborative relationships is risky to our future success because:
· our partners may develop technologies or components competitive with our GeneChip® products;
· our existing collaborations may preclude us from entering into additional future arrangements;
· our partners may not obtain regulatory approvals necessary to continue the collaborations in a timely manner;
· some of our agreements may terminate prematurely due to disagreements between us and our partners;
· our partners may not devote sufficient resources to the development and sale of our products;
· our partners may be unable to provide the resources required for us to progress in the collaboration on a timely basis;
· our collaborations may be unsuccessful; or
· some of our agreements have expired and we may not be able to negotiate future collaborative arrangements on acceptable terms.
The size and structure of our current sales, marketing and technical support organizations may limit our ability to sell our products.
Although we have invested significant resources to expand our direct sales force and our technical and support staff, we may not be able to establish a global sales, marketing or technical support organization that is sufficient to sell, market or support our products globally. To assist our sales and support activities, we have entered into distribution agreements through certain distributors, principally in markets outside of North America and Europe. These and other third parties on whom we rely for sales, marketing and technical support may decide to develop and sell competitive products or otherwise become our competitors, which could harm our business.
Risks Related to the Manufacturing of Our Products
We depend on a limited number of suppliers and we will be unable to manufacture our products if shipments from these suppliers are delayed or interrupted.
We depend on our suppliers to provide components of our products in required volumes, at appropriate quality and reliability levels, and in compliance with regulatory requirements. Key parts of the GeneChip® product line, including components of our manufacturing equipment and certain raw materials used in the manufacture of our products are currently available only from a single source or limited sources. This risk is increased by the recent consolidation among our suppliers, including the acquisition of Applied Biosystems by Invitrogen.
If supplies from these vendors were delayed or interrupted for any reason, we would not be able to get manufacturing equipment, produce probe arrays, or sell scanners or other components for our GeneChip® products in a timely fashion or in sufficient quantities. Furthermore, our business is dependent on our ability to forecast the needs for components and products in the GeneChip® product line and our suppliers’ ability to deliver such components and products in time to meet critical manufacturing and product release schedules. Our business could be adversely affected, for example, if suppliers fail to meet product release schedules, if we experience supply constraints, if we fail to negotiate favorable pricing or if we experience any other interruption or delay in the supply chain which interferes with our ability to manufacture our products or manage our inventory levels. For example, the supply of Acetonitrile (ACN), a highly pure solvent we use in the synthesis process is being allocated to customers due to world-wide shortages. These shortages began with Hurricane Ike last year, and were exacerbated by two plants being taken off line in China due to the Olympics. Recently, the supply has been further reduced by the impact that the economic downturn has had on demand for plastic parts used by the automotive industry, which has reduced the availability of a byproduct used to make ACN. We have two qualified suppliers today who have estimated that supplies of ACN will continue to be tight through 2010.
26
We may need to adjust our manufacturing capacity based on business requirements or improvements made to our technological capabilities and there are risks associated with such adjustment.
If demand for our products is reduced or if we implement technologies that increase the density or yields of our wafers, our manufacturing capacity could be under-utilized, and some of our long-lived assets including facilities and equipment may be impaired, which would increase our expenses. In addition, factory planning decisions may shorten the useful lives of long-lived assets including facilities and equipment, and cause us to accelerate depreciation. These changes in demand for our products, and changes in our customers’ product needs, could have a variety of negative effects on our competitive position and our financial results, and, in certain cases, may reduce our revenue, increase our costs, lower our gross margin percentage or require us to recognize impairments of our assets. In addition, if demand for our products is reduced or we fail to accurately forecast demand, we could be required to write down inventory, which would have a negative impact on our gross margin.
We have in the past, and may in the future, adjust our capacity based on business requirements, which may include the rationalization of our facilities, including the abandonment of long-lived manufacturing assets and additional charges related to a reduction in capacity. In 2008, we implemented a restructuring plan in order to optimize our production capacity and cost structure to enable us to increase our gross margins. Our restructuring plan includes the closure of our West Sacramento, California facility and the consolidation of our manufacturing to three locations. Manufacturing and product quality issues may arise as we implement this transition process and increase our production rates and launch new products in our Singapore and Ohio facilities. We may lose customers if we are unable to manufacture products or if we experience delays in the manufacture of our products as a result of this transition.
We may lose customers or experience lost sales if we are unable to manufacture or experience delays in the manufacture of our products, or if we are unable to ensure their proper performance and quality.
We produce our GeneChip® products in an innovative and complicated manufacturing process which has the potential for significant variability in manufacturing yields. We have encountered and may in the future encounter difficulties in manufacturing our products and, due to the complexity of our products and our manufacturing process, we may experience delays in the manufacture of our products or fail to ensure their proper performance or quality.
We base our manufacturing capabilities on our forecasted product mix for the quarter. If the actual product mix varies significantly from our forecast, we may not be able to fill some orders during that quarter, which could adversely impact our financial results. Difficulties in meeting customer, collaborator and internal demand could also cause us to lose customers or require us to delay new product introductions, which could in turn result in reduced demand for our products.
We rely on internal quality control procedures to verify our manufacturing processes. Due to the complexity of our products and manufacturing process, however, it is possible that probe arrays that do not meet all of our performance specifications may not be identified before they are shipped. If our products do not consistently meet our customers’ performance expectations, demand for our products will decline. In addition, we do not maintain any backup manufacturing capabilities for the production of our products. Any interruption in our ability to continue operations at our existing manufacturing facilities could delay our ability to develop or sell our products, which could result in lost revenue and seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to deliver acceptable products to our customers due to the rapidly evolving nature of genetic sequence information upon which our products are based.
The genetic sequence information upon which we rely to develop and manufacture our products is contained in a variety of public databases throughout the world. These databases are rapidly expanding and evolving. In addition, the accuracy of such databases and resulting genetic research is dependent on various scientific interpretations and it is not expected that global genetic research efforts will result in standardized genetic sequence databases for particular genomes in the near future.
Although we have implemented ongoing internal quality control efforts to help ensure the quality and accuracy of our products, the fundamental nature of our products requires us to rely on genetic sequence databases and scientific interpretations which are continuously evolving. As a result, these variables may cause us to develop and manufacture products that incorporate sequence errors or ambiguities. The magnitude and importance of these errors depends on multiple and complex factors that would be considered in determining the appropriate actions required to remedy any inaccuracies. Our inability to timely deliver acceptable products as a result of these factors would likely adversely affect our relationship with customers, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
27
Risks Related to Our Operations
We may not achieve sustained profitability.
Although we were profitable for the year ended December 31, 2007, we incurred losses each year from our inception through the year ended December 31, 2002 and also for the years ended December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2008. As a result, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $441.6 million on March 31, 2009. We expect to continue experiencing fluctuations in our operating results and cannot assure sustained profitability.
If our revenues grow more slowly than we anticipate, or if our operating expenses increase more than we expect or cannot be reduced in the event of lower revenues, our business will be materially and adversely affected.
If we do not attract and retain key employees, our business could be impaired.
To be successful, we must attract and retain qualified scientific, engineering, manufacturing, sales, marketing and management personnel. To expand our research, product development and sales efforts we need additional people skilled in areas such as bioinformatics, organic chemistry, information services, regulatory affairs, manufacturing, sales, marketing and technical support. Competition for these people is intense. If we are unable to hire, train and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees, we will not be able to expand our business or our business could be adversely affected.
We also rely on our scientific advisors and consultants to assist us in formulating our research, development and commercialization strategy. All of these individuals are engaged by other employers and have commitments to other entities that may limit their availability to us.
We may not realize the expected benefits of our initiatives to reduce costs across our operations.
We are pursuing and may continue to pursue a number of initiatives to reduce costs across our operations. These initiatives include workforce reductions in certain areas and the rationalization of our facilities. In 2008, we implemented a restructuring plan in order to optimize our production capacity and cost structure to enable us to increase our gross margins, which includes the closure of our West Sacramento, California facility. We expect the closure of our West Sacramento facility to be substantially complete by the end of the second quarter of 2009. We anticipate that we will incur some level of restructuring charges into 2009 as we continue to implement these initiatives.
We may not realize the expected benefits of our current and future initiatives to reduce costs. As a result of these initiatives, we expect to incur restructuring or other charges and we may experience disruptions in our operations, a loss of key personnel and difficulties in delivering products in a timely manner.
The recent financial crisis could negatively affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The recent financial crisis affecting the banking system and financial markets and the going concern threats to investment banks and other financial institutions have resulted in a tightening in the credit markets, a low level of liquidity in many financial markets, and extreme volatility in fixed income, credit and equity markets. Continued market turbulence may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and that of our customers. If these market conditions persist, they may limit our ability, and the ability of our customers, to obtain short-term financing or to access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs and invest in new technologies. In addition, there could be a number of follow-on effects from the credit crisis on our business, including insolvency of key suppliers resulting in product delays; inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products and/or customer insolvencies; counterparty failures negatively impacting our treasury operations; increased expense or inability to obtain short-term financing of our operations from the issuance of commercial paper; and increased impairments from the inability of investee companies to obtain financing.
Due to the international nature of our business, political or economic changes or other factors could harm our business.
A significant amount of our revenue is currently generated from sales outside the United States. Though such transactions are primarily denominated in both U.S. dollars and foreign currencies, our future revenue, gross margin, expenses and financial condition are still affected by such factors as changes in foreign currency exchange rates; unexpected changes in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements, including export and trade barriers and taxes; longer payment cycles and greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection. We are also subject to general geopolitical risks in connection with international operations, such as political, social and economic instability, potential hostilities and changes in diplomatic and trade relationships. We cannot assure investors that one or more of the foregoing factors will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results or require us to modify our current business practices.
28
Our effective tax rate may vary significantly.
Our operations are subject to income and transaction taxes in the United States and in multiple foreign jurisdictions. Significant estimates and judgments are required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. Some of these estimates are based on interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations. The ultimate amount of tax liability may be uncertain as a result.
Certain jurisdictions have lower tax rates, and the amount of earnings in these jurisdictions may fluctuate. If we do not have profitable operations in these jurisdictions, we would not be able to take advantage of these lower tax rates, and our overall tax rate could be adversely impacted. Changes in tax laws and regulatory requirements in the countries in which we operate could have a material impact on our tax provision. To the extent that we are unable to continue to reinvest a substantial portion of our profits in our foreign operations, we may be subject to additional effective income tax rate increases in the future. Tax authorities may challenge the allocation of profits between our subsidiaries and we may not prevail in any such challenge. If we were not to prevail, we could be subject to higher tax rates or double tax.
We rely on our ability to project future taxable income to assess the likelihood that our net deferred tax asset will be realized. To the extent we do not believe that realization is more likely than not, we may need to establish a valuation allowance. Significant estimates are required in determining any valuation allowance to be recorded against our net deferred tax assets. Changes in the amount of valuation allowance required may adversely impact our financial results of operations. For example, in 2008, we recorded an increase of $75.1 million to our valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.
Other factors that could affect our effective tax rate include levels of research and development spending and nondeductible expenses such as stock based compensation or merger related expenditures, and ultimate outcomes of income tax audits. In addition, U.S. Government officials have recently expressed interest in revising the tax code to end tax breaks for U.S. based multinational companies. While it is unclear when or how the code might be revised, if at all in this area, it is possible that in the future, we may experience a lower long-term benefit from our current tax strategy than we expected.
Risks Related to Our Investments
Our strategic equity investments may result in losses.
We periodically make strategic equity investments in various publicly traded and non-publicly traded companies with businesses or technologies that may complement our business. The market values of these strategic equity investments may fluctuate due to market conditions and other conditions over which we have no control. Other-than-temporary declines in the market price and valuations of the securities that we hold in other companies would require us to record losses relative to our ownership interest. This could result in future charges on our earnings and as a result, it is uncertain whether or not we will realize any long-term benefits associated with these strategic investments.
Global credit and financial market conditions could negatively impact the value of our current portfolio of cash equivalents or short-term investments and our ability to meet our financing objectives.
Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained in highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase. Our short-term investments consist primarily of readily marketable debt securities with remaining maturities of more than 90 days at the time of purchase. While as of the date of this filing, we are not aware of any downgrades, material losses, or other significant deterioration in the fair value of our cash equivalents or short-term investments since December 31, 2008, we cannot assure you that further deterioration in conditions of the global credit and financial markets would not negatively impact our current portfolio of cash equivalents or short-term investments or our ability to meet our financing objectives. Other-than-temporary declines in the market price and valuation of any of our short-term investments would require us to adjust the carrying value of the investment through an impairment charge.
Risks Related to Government Regulation and Litigation
We may not successfully obtain or retain regulatory approval of any diagnostic or other product or service that we or our collaborative partners develop.
The FDA must approve certain in-vitro diagnostic products before they can be marketed in the U.S. Certain in-vitro diagnostic products must also be approved by the regulatory agencies of foreign governments or jurisdictions before the product can be sold outside the U.S. Commercialization of our and our collaborative partners’ in-vitro diagnostic products outside of the research environment that may depend upon successful completion of clinical trials. Clinical development is a long, expensive and uncertain process and we do not know whether we, or any of our collaborative partners, will be permitted to undertake clinical trials of any
29
potential in-vitro diagnostic products. It may take us or our collaborative partners many years to complete any such testing, and failure can occur at any stage. Delays or rejections of potential products may be encountered based on changes in regulatory policy for product approval during the period of product development and regulatory agency review. Moreover, if and when our projects reach clinical trials, we or our collaborative partners may decide to discontinue development of any or all of these projects at any time for commercial, scientific or other reasons. Any of the foregoing matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Even where a product is exempted from FDA clearance or approval, the FDA may impose restrictions as to the types of customers to which we can market and sell our products. Such restrictions may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Medical device laws and regulations are also in effect in many countries, ranging from comprehensive device approval requirements to requests for product data or certifications. The number and scope of these requirements are increasing. We may not be able to obtain regulatory approvals in such countries or may incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining our foreign regulatory approvals. In addition, the export by us of certain of our products which have not yet been cleared for domestic commercial distribution may be subject to FDA or other export restrictions.
Healthcare reform and restrictions on reimbursements may limit our returns on molecular diagnostic products that we may develop with our collaborators.
We are currently collaborating with our partners to develop diagnostic and therapeutic products. The ability of our collaborators to commercialize such products may depend, in part, on the extent to which reimbursement for the cost of these products will be available under U.S. and foreign regulations that govern reimbursement for clinical testing services by government authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. In the U.S., third-party payer price resistance, the trend towards managed health care and legislative proposals to reform health care or reduce government insurance programs could reduce prices for health care products and services, adversely affect the profits of our customers and collaborative partners and reduce our future royalties.
Risks related to handling of hazardous materials and other regulations governing environmental safety
Our operations are subject to complex and stringent environmental, health, safety and other governmental laws and regulations that both public officials and private individuals may seek to enforce. Our activities that are subject to these regulations include, among other things, our use of hazardous and radioactive materials and the generation, transportation and storage of waste. We could discover that we or an acquired business is not in material compliance. Existing laws and regulations may also be revised or reinterpreted, or new laws and regulations may become applicable to us, whether retroactively or prospectively, that may have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. It is also impossible to eliminate completely the risk of accidental environmental contamination or injury to individuals. In such an event, we could be liable for any damages that result, which could adversely affect our business.
We may be exposed to liability due to product defects.
The risk of product liability claims is inherent in the testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of human diagnostic and therapeutic products. We may seek to acquire additional insurance for clinical liability risks. We may not be able to obtain such insurance or general product liability insurance on acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts. A product liability claim or recall could have a serious adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Ethical, legal and social concerns surrounding the use of genetic information could reduce demand for our products.
Genetic testing has raised ethical issues regarding privacy and the appropriate uses of the resulting information. For these reasons, governmental authorities may call for limits on or regulation of the use of genetic testing or prohibit testing for genetic predisposition to certain conditions, particularly for those that have no known cure. Similarly, such concerns may lead individuals to refuse to use genetics tests even if permissible. Any of these scenarios could reduce the potential markets for our molecular diagnostic products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The matters relating to our internal review of our historical stock option granting practices and the restatement of our consolidated financial statements may have a material adverse effect on us.
We have been, and may in the future be, subject to litigation or other proceedings or actions arising in relation to our historical stock option granting practices and the restatement of our prior period financial statements. For example, three purported derivative lawsuits were filed against us and several of our current and former officers and directors alleging that the defendants breached their fiduciary duty by backdating stock option grants. For additional information our shareholders’ derivative lawsuits, refer to Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1, Commitments and Contingencies of this Form 10-Q for further information.
30
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
Our success will require that we establish a strong intellectual property position and that we can defend ourselves against intellectual property claims from others.
Maintaining a strong patent position is critical to our business. Litigation on these matters has been prevalent in our industry and we expect that this will continue. Patent law relating to the scope of claims in the technology fields in which we operate is still evolving and the extent of future protection is highly uncertain, so we cannot assure you that the patent rights that we have or may obtain will be valuable. Others have filed, and in the future are likely to file, patent applications that are similar or identical to ours or those of our licensors. To determine the priority of inventions, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the United States Patent and Trademark Office that could result in substantial costs in legal fees and could substantially affect the scope of our patent protection. We cannot assure you that our patent applications will have priority over those filed by others. Also, our intellectual property may be subject to significant administrative and litigation proceedings such as opposition proceedings against our patents in Europe, Japan and other jurisdictions. Because of the size and breadth of our patent portfolio we may or may not choose to pursue litigation or interferences against those that have infringed on our patents, or used them without authorization, due to the associated expense and time commitment of monitoring these activities.
If we fail to protect or to enforce our intellectual property rights successfully, our competitive position could suffer, which could harm our results of operations. Legal actions to enforce our patent rights can be expensive and may involve the diversion of significant management time. In addition, these legal actions could be unsuccessful and could also result in the invalidation of our patents or a finding that they are unenforceable. For example, we currently are engaged in litigation regarding intellectual property rights with third parties. For additional information concerning intellectual property litigation and administrative proceedings, refer to Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Commitments and Contingencies of the December 31, 2008 Form 10-K for further information.
In addition to patent protection, we also rely upon copyright and trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information. Such measures may not provide adequate protection for our copyrights, trade secrets or other proprietary information. In addition, we cannot be certain that trade secrets and other proprietary information will not be disclosed, or that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to or disclose our trade secrets and other proprietary information. There can also be no assurance that we will be able to effectively protect our copyrights, trade secrets or other proprietary information. If we cannot obtain, maintain or enforce intellectual property rights, our competitors may be able to offer probe array systems similar to our GeneChip® technology.
Our success also depends in part on us neither infringing patents or other proprietary rights of third parties nor breaching any licenses that may relate to our technologies and products. We are aware of third-party patents that may relate to our technology. We routinely receive notices claiming infringement from third parties as well as invitations to take licenses under third party patents.
There can be no assurance that we will not infringe on these patents or other patents or proprietary rights or that we would be able to obtain a license to such patents or proprietary rights on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The market price of our common stock has been volatile.
The market price of our common stock is volatile. During the twelve-month period ending March 31, 2009, the daily volume of our common stock fluctuated from 209,700 to 25,474,600 shares. Moreover, during that period, our common stock traded as low as $1.78 per share and as high as $18.03 per share.
Furthermore, volatility in the stock price of other companies has often led to securities class action litigation against those companies. Any future securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our quarterly results have historically fluctuated significantly and may continue to do so. Failure to meet financial expectations may disappoint securities analysts or investors and result in a decline in our stock price.
Our revenues and operating results may fluctuate significantly due in part to factors that are beyond our control and which we cannot predict. The timing of our customers’ orders may fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Historically, we have experienced customer ordering patterns for GeneChip® instrumentation and GeneChip® arrays where the majority of the shipments occur in the last month of the quarter. These ordering patterns may limit management’s ability to accurately forecast our future revenues or product mix. Additionally, license revenue may also be unpredictable and may fluctuate due to the timing of payments of non-recurring licensing fees. Because our expenses are largely fixed in the short to medium term, any material shortfall in revenues will materially reduce our profitability and may cause us to experience losses.
31
Because of this difficulty in predicting future performance, our operating results may fall below our own expectations and the expectations of securities analysts or investors in some future quarter or quarters. Our failure in the past to meet these expectations has adversely affected the market price of our common stock and may continue to do so.
In addition to factors that affect the spending levels of our customers described above, additional factors could cause our operating results to fluctuate, including:
· competition
· our inability to produce products in sufficient quantities and with appropriate quality;
· the frequency of experiments conducted by our customers;
· our customers’ inventory of GeneChip® products;
· the receipt of relatively large orders with short lead times; and
· our customers’ expectations as to how long it takes us to fill future orders.
None.
Exhibit |
| Description of Document |
|
|
|
31.1 |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
31.2 |
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.1 |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
By: | /s/ JOHN C. BATTY | |
| Name: | John C. Batty |
| Title: | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
|
May 8, 2009 |
|
|
33
AFFYMETRIX, INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX
MARCH 31, 2009
Exhibit |
| Description of Document |
|
|
|
31.1 |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
31.2 |
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.1 |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
34