Exhibit 99.1
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Financial Statements and
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
December 31, 2004
(restated)
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2003 AND 2002
The New York State Insurance Department recognizes only statutory accounting practices for determining and reporting the financial condition and results of operations of an insurance company, for determining its solvency under the New York Insurance Law, and for determining whether its financial condition warrants the payment of a dividend to its stockholders. No consideration is given by the New York State Insurance Department to financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America in making such determinations.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To Board of Directors and Shareholder
of Financial Security Assurance Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholder’s equity, and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Financial Security Assurance Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2003 the Company changed its method of accounting for its interest in certain variable interest entities.
As discussed in Note 3, the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004 have been restated.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP | |
|
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
New York, New York |
March 23, 2005 (except for Note 3, |
which is as of November 21, 2005) |
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FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
| | December 31, 2004 | | December 31, 2003 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | |
ASSETS | | | | | |
Bonds at fair value (amortized cost of $3,636,790 and $3,254,503) | | $ | 3,888,586 | | $ | 3,487,380 | |
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $54,300) | | 54,300 | | — | |
Short-term investments | | 316,921 | | 222,390 | |
Variable interest entities’ bonds at fair value (amortized cost of $1,342,489 and $1,412,520) | | 1,346,355 | | 1,422,538 | |
Variable interest entities’ guaranteed investments contracts at fair value (amortized cost approximates fair value) | | 961,925 | | 955,883 | |
Variable interest entities’ short-term investment portfolio | | 1,194 | | 11,102 | |
Total investment portfolio | | 6,569,281 | | 6,099,293 | |
Assets acquired in refinancing transactions: | | | | | |
Bonds at fair value (amortized cost of $151,895) | | 157,036 | | — | |
Securitized loans | | 369,750 | | 433,948 | |
Other | | 222,150 | | 71,185 | |
Total assets acquired in refinancing transactions | | 748,936 | | 505,133 | |
Cash | | 10,005 | | 11,640 | |
Deferred acquisition costs | | 308,015 | | 273,646 | |
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | | 759,191 | | 695,398 | |
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate | | — | | 64,440 | |
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses | | 35,419 | | 59,235 | |
Other assets | | 1,125,619 | | 926,457 | |
TOTAL ASSETS | | $ | 9,556,466 | | $ | 8,635,242 | |
LIABILITIES AND MINORITY INTEREST AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY | | | | | |
Deferred premium revenue | | $ | 2,101,248 | | $ | 1,844,991 | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | 179,941 | | 233,408 | |
Variable interest entities’ debt | | 2,853,963 | | 2,844,834 | |
Deferred federal income taxes | | 253,772 | | 186,626 | |
Notes payable to affiliate | | 753,614 | | 504,743 | |
Surplus notes | | 108,850 | | 152,850 | |
Minority interest | | 48,550 | | 50,265 | |
Minority interest in variable interest entities | | 251,502 | | 144,140 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | 307, 791 | | 344,993 | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MINORITY INTEREST | | 6,859,231 | | 6,306,850 | |
Preferred stock (5,000.1 and 0 shares authorized; 0 shared issued and outstanding; par value of $1,000 per share) | | | | | |
Common stock (400 shares authorized; issued and outstanding; par value of $37,500 per share) | | 15,000 | | 15,000 | |
Additional paid-in capital—common | | 839,077 | | 819,918 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of deferred income taxes of $88,057 and $81,839) | | 170,620 | | 158,224 | |
Accumulated earnings | | 1,672,538 | | 1,335,250 | |
TOTAL SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY | | 2,697,235 | | 2,328,392 | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MINORITY INTEREST AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY | | $ | 9,556,466 | | $ | 8,635,242 | |
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands)
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | | (restated) | |
REVENUES: | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 602,903 | | $ | 621,824 | | $ | 535,956 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 410,439 | | $ | 363,913 | | $ | 318,089 | |
Net investment income | | 170,942 | | 153,071 | | 137,606 | |
Net realized gains (losses) | | (970 | ) | 5,195 | | 28,399 | |
Variable interest entities’ interest income | | 74,286 | | 31,076 | | — | |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments | | 304,843 | | 228,208 | | (87,396 | ) |
Income from assets acquired in refinancing transactions | | 31,634 | | 20,705 | | 5,294 | |
Other income | | 6,365 | | 1,235 | | 724 | |
TOTAL REVENUES | | 997,539 | | 803,403 | | 402,716 | |
EXPENSES: | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | 20,599 | | 34,486 | | 65,613 | |
Interest expense | | 31,499 | | 30,036 | | 12,174 | |
Variable interest entities’ interest expense | | 126,793 | | 58,595 | | — | |
Policy acquisition costs | | 62,201 | | 58,391 | | 54,093 | |
Variable interest entities’ foreign exchange loss | | 79,270 | | 118,269 | | — | |
Other operating expenses | | 69,835 | | 49,668 | | 39,613 | |
TOTAL EXPENSES | | 390,197 | | 349,445 | | 171,493 | |
Minority interest | | (6,947 | ) | (9,291 | ) | (6,684 | ) |
Minority interest in variable interest entities | | (113,450 | ) | (42, 862 | ) | — | |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | | 3,761 | | 19,077 | | 9,145 | |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING CHANGE | | 490,706 | | 420,882 | | 233,684 | |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes: | | | | | | | |
Current | | 62,489 | | 83,044 | | 68,033 | |
Deferred | | 60,929 | | 19,032 | | (21,522 | ) |
Total provision | | 123,418 | | 102,076 | | 46,511 | |
INCOME BEFORE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF ACCOUNTING CHANGE | | 367,288 | | 318,806 | | 187,173 | |
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net of income taxes of $2,598 | | — | | 4,800 | | — | |
NET INCOME | | 367,288 | | 323,606 | | 187,173 | |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX: | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gains arising during period [net of deferred income tax provision of $5,676, $12,329 and $49,196] | | 11,968 | | 18,929 | | 101,098 | |
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income [net of deferred income tax (benefit) provision of ($542), $1,389 and $7,641] | | (428 | ) | 3,965 | | 20,758 | |
Other comprehensive income | | 12,396 | | 14,964 | | 80,340 | |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | | $ | 379,684 | | $ | 338,570 | | $ | 267,513 | |
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands)
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital- Common | | Unrealized Gain on Investments | | Accumulated Earnings | | Total | |
| | | | | | (restated) | | (restated) | | (restated) | |
BALANCE, December 31, 2001 | | $ | 15,000 | | $ | 794,797 | | $ | 62,920 | | $ | 824,471 | | $ | 1,697,188 | |
Net income for the year | | | | | | | | 187,173 | | 187,173 | |
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (net of deferred income tax expense of $41,555) | | | | | | 80,340 | | | | 80,340 | |
Capital contribution from Parent | | | | 18,205 | | | | | | 18,205 | |
BALANCE, December 31, 2002 | | 15,000 | | 813,002 | | 143,260 | | 1,011,644 | | 1,982,906 | |
Net income for the year | | | | | | | | 323,606 | | 323,606 | |
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (net of deferred income tax expense of $10,940) | | | | | | 14,964 | | | | 14,964 | |
Capital contribution from Parent | | | | 10,521 | | | | | | 10,521 | |
Capital issuance costs | | | | (3,605 | ) | | | | | (3,605 | ) |
BALANCE, December 31, 2003 | | 15,000 | | 819,918 | | 158,224 | | 1,335,250 | | 2,328,392 | |
Net income for the year | | | | | | | | 367,288 | | 367,288 | |
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive income (net of deferred income tax expense of $6,218) | | | | | | 12,396 | | | | 12,396 | |
Dividends paid | | | | | | | | (30,000 | ) | (30,000 | ) |
Capital contribution from Parent | | | | 20,419 | | | | | | 20,419 | |
Capital issuance costs | | | | (1,260 | ) | | | | | (1,260 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
BALANCE, December 31, 2004 | | $ | 15,000 | | $ | 839,077 | | $ | 170,620 | | $ | 1,672,538 | | $ | 2,697,235 | |
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Premiums received, net | | $ | 588,341 | | $ | 599,000 | | $ | 575,889 | |
Policy acquisition and other operating expenses paid, net | | (134,067 | ) | (99,321 | ) | (101,215 | ) |
Termination fee on derivative | | — | | — | | (38,000 | ) |
Recoverable advances recovered (paid) | | 7,327 | | (959 | ) | 5,010 | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses paid | | (42,936 | ) | (5,972 | ) | (2,403 | ) |
Net investment income received | | 170,958 | | 143,615 | | 127,144 | |
Variable interest entities’ net investment income received | | 30,189 | | 13,964 | | — | |
Variable interest entities’ interest paid | | (3,216 | ) | (3,585 | ) | — | |
Variable interest entities’ net derivative payments | | (18,986 | ) | (8,808 | ) | — | |
Federal income taxes paid | | (61,863 | ) | (77,815 | ) | (76,099 | ) |
Interest paid | | (32,765 | ) | (29,380 | ) | (12,920 | ) |
Income received from refinanced assets | | 28,485 | | 25,617 | | 4,240 | |
Other, net | | 5,030 | | 17,257 | | (5,922 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | 536,497 | | 573,613 | | 475,724 | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from sales of bonds | | 752,644 | | 921,000 | | 747,470 | |
Purchases of bonds | | (1,140,762 | ) | (1,559,428 | ) | (1,111,856 | ) |
Purchases of property and equipment | | (5,130 | ) | (477 | ) | (5,591 | ) |
Net decrease (increase) in short-term investments | | (94,531 | ) | 142,831 | | (150,328 | ) |
Purchases of variable interest entities’ bonds | | (144,639 | ) | (146,239 | ) | — | |
Maturity of variable interest entities’ bonds | | 213,825 | | — | | — | |
Net decrease in variable interest entities’ short-term investments | | 9,908 | | 13,048 | | — | |
Assets acquired through refinancing transactions | | (215,185 | ) | (2,230 | ) | (431,360 | ) |
Other investments | | 14,305 | | 4,643 | | 6,080 | |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | (609,565 | ) | (626,852 | ) | (945,585 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | |
Surplus notes issued | | — | | — | | 96,850 | |
Distribution to minority shareholder | | (6,980 | ) | (3,290 | ) | (8,671 | ) |
Surplus notes repaid | | (44,000 | ) | (60,000 | ) | (28,000 | ) |
Proceeds from issuance of variable interest entities’ debt | | 102,139 | | 101,189 | | — | |
Issuance of notes payable | | 378,672 | | 53,625 | | 437,295 | |
Repayment of notes payable | | (130,157 | ) | (50,600 | ) | (5,935 | ) |
Capital issuance costs | | (1,260 | ) | (3,605 | ) | — | |
Dividends paid | | (30,000 | ) | — | | — | |
Repayment of variable interest entities’ preferred stock | | (6,300 | ) | — | | — | |
Repayment of variable interest entities’ debt | | (190,681 | ) | — | | — | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | 71,433 | | 37,319 | | 491,539 | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash | | (1,635 | ) | (15,920 | ) | 21,678 | |
Cash at beginning of year | | 11,640 | | 27,560 | | 5,882 | |
Cash at end of year | | $ | 10,005 | | $ | 11,640 | | $ | 27,560 | |
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS, CONTINUED
(Dollars in thousands)
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | | (restated) | |
Reconciliation of net income to net cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 367,288 | | $ | 323,606 | | $ | 187,173 | |
Increase in accrued investment income | | (4,281 | ) | (9,904 | ) | (3,464 | ) |
Increase in deferred premium revenue and related foreign exchange adjustment | | 192,464 | | 259,072 | | 216,258 | |
Increase in deferred acquisition costs | | (34,369 | ) | (19,869 | ) | (13,285 | ) |
(Decrease) Increase in current federal income taxes payable | | (3,113 | ) | 12,756 | | 97 | |
Increase (decrease) in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses | | (29,651 | ) | 28,736 | | 62,120 | |
Decrease in amounts withheld for others | | — | | (18 | ) | — | |
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes | | 60,929 | | 21,630 | | (21,522 | ) |
Net realized gains (losses) on investments | | 970 | | (5,195 | ) | (28,399 | ) |
Depreciation and accretion of discount | | 9,550 | | 3,899 | | (4,334 | ) |
Minority interest and equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | | 3,186 | | (9,786 | ) | (2,461 | ) |
Minority interest in variable interest entities | | 113,450 | | 42,862 | | — | |
Change in other assets and liabilities | | (139,926 | ) | (74,176 | ) | 83,541 | |
Cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 536,497 | | $ | 573,613 | | $ | 475,724 | |
On July 1, 2003, the Company consolidated $2.9 billion in assets and $2.9 billion in liabilities relating to variable interest entities with no corresponding cash movement.
In 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company received a tax benefit of $20.4 million, $10.5 million and $18.2 million, respectively, by utilizing its Parent’s losses. These amounts were recorded as a capital contribution.
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2003 AND 2002
1. ORGANIZATION AND OWNERSHIP
Financial Security Assurance Inc. (“FSA” or the “Company”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. (the “Parent”), is a New York insurance company. The Company is engaged in providing financial guaranty insurance on asset-backed and municipal obligations. The Company’s underwriting policy is to insure asset-backed and municipal obligations that it determines would be of investment-grade quality without the benefit of the Company’s insurance. The asset-backed obligations insured by the Company are generally issued in structured transactions and are backed by pools of assets, such as residential mortgage loans, consumer receivables, securities or other assets having an ascertainable cash flow or market value. The Company also insures synthetic asset-backed obligations that generally take the form of credit default swap (“CDS”) obligations or credit-linked notes that reference pools of securities or loans, with a defined deductible to cover credit risks associated with the referenced securities or loans. The municipal obligations insured by the Company consist primarily of general obligation bonds that are supported by the issuers’ taxing power and special revenue bonds and other special obligations of states and local governments that are supported by the issuers’ ability to impose and collect fees and charges for public services or specific projects. Municipal obligations include obligations backed by the cash flow from leases or other revenues from projects serving a substantial public purpose, including government office buildings, toll roads, healthcare facilities and utilities. Financial guaranty insurance written by the Company guarantees scheduled payments on an issuer’s obligation. In the case of a payment default on an insured obligation, the Company is generally required to pay the principal, interest or other amounts due in accordance with the obligation’s original payment schedule or, at its option, to pay such amounts on an accelerated basis. In addition, the Company insures guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”) issued by FSA Capital Management Services LLC (“FSACM”), FSA Capital Markets Services (Caymans) Ltd. and, prior to April 2003, FSA Capital Markets Services LLC (collectively, the “GIC Affiliates”), affiliates of the Company.
The Company expects to continue to emphasize a diversified insured portfolio characterized by insurance of both asset-backed and municipal obligations, with a broad geographic distribution and a variety of revenue sources and transaction structures. The Company’s insured portfolio consists primarily of asset-backed and municipal obligations originated in the United States of America, but the Company has also written and continues to pursue business in Europe and the Asia Pacific region.
The Company consolidates the results of certain variable interest entities (“VIEs”), including FSA Global Funding Limited (“FSA Global”), Premier International Funding Co. (“Premier”) and Canadian Global Funding Corporation (“Canadian Global”). The Company consolidated FSA Global and Canadian Global beginning in the third quarter of 2003 in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51” (“FIN 46”). The Company also began to consolidate Premier in the third quarter of 2003 as a result of obtaining control rights. The Company refinanced certain defaulted transactions by employing refinancing vehicles to raise funds for the refinancings. These refinancing vehicles are also consolidated.
FSA Global is a special purpose funding vehicle 29% owned by an affiliate of the Company. FSA Global issues FSA-insured medium term notes and invests the proceeds from the sale of its notes in FSA-insured obligations with a view towards realizing the yield difference between the notes issued and the obligations purchased with the note proceeds. The majority of Canadian Global’s assets were liquidated and its liabilities satisfied during the third quarter of 2004. Premier is principally engaged in debt defeasance for lease transactions.
The Company’s management believes that the assets held by FSA Global, Premier and the refinancing vehicles, including those that are eliminated in consolidation, are beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership.
On July 5, 2000, the Parent completed a merger in which the Parent became a direct subsidiary of Dexia Holdings, Inc. (“Dexia Holdings”) which, in turn, is owned 90% by Dexia Crédit Local and 10% by Dexia S.A. (“Dexia”),
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a Belgium corporation whose shares are traded on the Euronext Brussels and Euronext Paris markets as well as on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which differ in certain material respects from the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by insurance regulatory authorities (see Note 6). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2004 and 2003 and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002. Such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, losses and loss adjustment expenses, fair value of financial instruments and the deferral and amortization of policy acquisition costs. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Significant accounting policies under GAAP are as follows:
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, principally including FSA Insurance Company, Financial Security Assurance International Ltd. (“FSA International”), and Financial Security Assurance (U.K.) Limited (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”). The consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of certain VIE’s as described in Note 1. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior-year balances have been reclassified to conform to the 2004 presentation.
Investments
Investments in debt and equity securities designated as available for sale are carried at fair value. The unrealized gain or loss on the investments that are not hedged is reflected as a separate component of shareholder’s equity, net of applicable deferred income taxes. The unrealized gain or loss on the investments that qualify as fair-value hedges is recorded in income currently.
Bond discounts and premiums are amortized on the effective yield method over the remaining terms of the securities acquired. For mortgage-backed securities and any other holdings for which prepayment risk may be significant, assumptions regarding prepayments are evaluated periodically and revised as necessary. Any adjustments required due to the resulting change in effective yields are recognized in current income. Short-term investments, which are those investments with a maturity of less than one year at time of purchase, are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents are amounts deposited in money market funds and investments with a maturity at time of purchase of three months or less and are included in short-term investments. Realized gains or losses on sale of investments are determined on the basis of specific identification. Investment income is recorded as earned. Other-than-temporary impairments are reflected in earnings as a realized loss.
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are based on the equity method of accounting (see Note 17). The Company records its share of unrealized gains or losses, net of applicable deferred taxes, in other comprehensive income.
Derivatives
Derivative instruments are entered into to manage interest-rate and currency exchange-rate exposure on the VIE debt and VIE bond portfolio. The derivatives are recorded at fair value. These derivatives generally include interest-rate and currency swap agreements, which are primarily utilized to convert the Company’s fixed-rate obligations and investments on its VIE debt and VIE bond portfolio into U.S. dollar floating-rate obligations. The gains and losses relating to the fair-value of derivatives are included in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The Company has also insured a number of CDS agreements that it intends, in each case, to hold for the full term of the agreement. It considers these agreements to be a normal extension of its financial guaranty insurance business, although they are considered derivatives for accounting purposes. These agreements are recorded at fair value. The Company believes that the most meaningful presentation of the financial statement impact of these derivatives is to reflect
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premiums as installments are received, to record losses and loss adjustment expenses as incurred and to record changes in fair value as incurred. Changes in fair value are recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments and in other assets or other liabilities, as appropriate. The Company uses quoted market prices, when available, to determine fair value. If quoted prices are not available, management uses internally developed estimates of fair value. Due to a lack of a quoted market for the CDS obligations written by the Company, estimates generated from the Company’s valuation process may differ materially from values that may be realized in market transactions.
Premium Revenue Recognition
Gross and ceded premiums received in upfront payouts are earned in proportion to the amount of risk outstanding over the expected period of coverage. The amount of risk outstanding is equal to the sum of the par amount of debt insured over the expected period of coverage. Deferred premium revenue and prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the portion of premium that is applicable to coverage of risk to be provided in the future on policies in force. When an insured issue is retired or defeased prior to the end of the expected period of coverage, the remaining deferred premium revenue and prepaid reinsurance premium, less any amount credited to a refunding issue insured by the Company, are recognized. For premiums received on an installment basis, the Company earns the premium over each installment period, typically less than one year, throughout the period of coverage. When the Company, through its ongoing credit review process, identifies transactions where premiums are paid on an installment basis and certain triggers have been breached, the Company ceases to earn premiums.
Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
Background
Financial guaranty insurance provides an unconditional and irrevocable guaranty that protects the holder of a financial obligation against non-payment of principal and interest when due. Upon a payment default on an insured obligation, the Company is generally required to pay the principal, interest or other amounts due in accordance with the obligation’s original payment schedule or, at its option, to pay such amounts on an accelerated basis.
Financial guaranty as an industry has emerged over the past thirty years. Management believes that existing insurance accounting under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 60, “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises” (“SFAS 60”), does not specifically address financial guaranty insurance. Accordingly, the accounting for loss and loss adjustment expenses within the financial guaranty insurance industry has developed based on analogy to the most directly comparable elements of existing literature including sections of SFAS 60, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies” (“SFAS 5”) and Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 85-20, “Recognition of fees for guaranteeing a loan (“EITF 85-20”).
Company-specific policy
The Company establishes loss liabilities based on its estimate of specific and non-specific losses. The Company also establishes liabilities for loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”), consisting of the estimated cost of settling claims, including legal and other fees and expenses associated with administering the claims process.
The Company calculates a loss and LAE liability based upon identified risks inherent in its entire insured portfolio. If an individual policy risk has a probable loss as of the balance sheet date, a case reserve is established. For the remaining policy risks in the portfolio, a non-specific reserve is established to account for the inherent credit losses that can be statistically estimated.
Case reserves for financial guaranty insurance companies differ from those of traditional property and casualty insurance companies. The primary difference is that traditional property and casualty case reserves include only claims that have been incurred and reported to the insurance company. In a traditional property and casualty company, claims are incurred when defined events occur such as an auto accident, home fire or storm. Unlike traditional property and casualty claims, financial guaranty losses arise from the extension of credit protection and occur as the result of the credit deterioration of the issuer of the insured obligations over the lives of those insured obligations. Such deterioration and ultimate loss amounts can be projected based on historical experience in order to estimate probable loss, if any. Accordingly, specific loss events that require case reserves include (1) policies under which claim payments have been
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made and additional claim payments are expected, and (2) policies under which claim payments are probable and reasonably estimable, but have not yet been made.
The Company establishes a case reserve for the present value of the estimated loss, net of subrogation recoveries, when, in management’s opinion, the likelihood of a future loss on a particular insured obligation is probable and reasonably estimable at the balance sheet date. When an insured obligation has met the criteria for establishing a case reserve and that transaction pays a premium in installments, those premiums, if expected to be received prospectively, are considered a form of recovery and are no longer earned as premium revenue. A case reserve is determined using cash flow or similar models that represent the Company’s estimate of the net present value of the anticipated shortfall between (i) scheduled payments on the insured obligation plus anticipated loss adjustment expenses and (ii) anticipated cash flow from and proceeds to be received on sales of any collateral supporting the obligation and other anticipated recoveries. The estimated loss, net of recovery, on a transaction is discounted using the risk-free rate appropriate for the term of the insured obligation at the time the reserve is established and is not subsequently adjusted.
The Company records non-specific reserves to reflect the credit risks inherent in its portfolio. Non-specific reserves, in addition to case reserves, represent the Company’s estimate of total reserves. Generally, when an insured credit deteriorates to a point where claims are expected, a case reserve is established. The establishment of non-specific reserves for credits that have not yet defaulted is a common practice in the financial guaranty industry, although the Company acknowledges that there may be differences in the specific methodologies applied by other financial guarantors in establishing and measuring these reserves.
The Company establishes non-specific reserves on its entire portfolio of credits because the Company believes that a portfolio of insured obligations will deteriorate over its life and that the existence of inherent loss can be proven statistically by data such as rating agency publications. The establishment of these reserves is a systematic process that considers this quantitative, statistical information obtained primarily from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), together with qualitative factors such as overall credit quality trends resulting from economic and political conditions, recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio and changes in underwriting policies and procedures. The factors used to establish reserves are evaluated periodically by comparing the statistically computed loss amount to the incurred losses as represented by case reserve activity to develop an experience factor, which is updated and applied to future originations. The process results in management’s best estimate of inherent losses associated with providing credit protection at each balance sheet date.
The non-specific reserve amount established considers all levels of protection (e.g. reinsurance and overcollateralization). Net par outstanding for policies originated in the current period is multiplied by loss frequency and severity factors, with the resulting amounts discounted at the risk-free rates using the treasury yield curve (“statistical calculation”). The discount rate does not change and is used to accrete the loss for the life of each policy. The loss factors used for the calculation are the product of default frequency rates obtained from Moody’s and severity factors obtained from S&P. Moody’s is chosen due to its credibility, large population, statistical format and reliability of future update. In its publication of default rates from 1970-2003, Moody’s tracks bonds over a twenty year horizon by credit rating at time of issuance. For the purpose of establishing appropriate severity factors, the Company’s methodology segregates the portfolio into asset classes, including healthcare transactions, all other municipal transactions, pooled corporate transactions, commercial real estate, and all other asset-backed transactions. The severity factors are derived from capital charge assessments provided by S&P. S&P capital charges project loss levels by asset class and are incorporated into their capital adequacy stress scenario analysis.
The product of the current year statistical calculation multiplied by the current-year experience factor represents the present value of loss amounts calculated for current-year originations. The experience factor is based on the Company’s inception-to-date historical losses (starting from 1993, when the Company established the non-specific reserve methodology). The experience factor is calculated by dividing cumulative inception-to-date actual losses incurred by the Company by the cumulative inception-to-date losses determined by the statistical calculation. The experience factor which applies to the whole portfolio is reviewed, and where appropriate updated periodically, but no less than annually.
The present value of loss amounts calculated for the current-year originations is established at inception of the policy and there is no subsequent change unless significant adverse or favorable loss experience is observed. In the event that the experience factor is either increased or decreased based on adverse or favorable loss experience, an analysis is performed of the non-specific reserve balance with particular emphasis on the asset class, if any, driving the experience factor adjustment. The objective of such analysis is to quantify the appropriate adjustment to the overall non-specific
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reserve balance for the change in experience. The adjustment that increases or decreases the non-specific reserve is charged or credited to loss expense.
The present value of loss amounts calculated for the current-year originations plus an amount representing the accretion of discount pertaining to prior year originations are charged to loss expense, and increase the non-specific loss reserve after adjustments that may be made to reflect observed favorable or adverse experience. The entire non-specific reserve is available to absorb probable losses inherent in the portfolio. As there are no specific losses provided in the non-specific reserve there is no identifiable reinsurance recoverable. At the time that a case reserve is identified, the gross loss liability is recognized along with the reinsurance recoverable, if any. The amount of reinsurance recoverable depends on the policy ceded and the reinsurance agreements covering such policy. Management cannot predict the specific policies that will emerge as case-basis losses from the portfolio and is not entitled to recovery from the reinsurer in advance of producing a case reserve.
Since the non-specific reserve contains the inherent losses of the portfolio, when a case reserve adjustment is deemed appropriate, whether the result of adverse or positive credit developments, accretion or the addition of a new case reserve, a full transfer is made between the non-specific reserve and the case reserve balances with no effect to income. The adequacy of the non-specific reserve balance is reviewed periodically and at least annually based on a review of the Company’s inception to date cumulative case basis losses divided by the total inception to date cumulative net par underwritten. This inception-to-date result is compared with the product of the non specific reserves divided by the net par outstanding as of the balance sheet date. In the event that such ratios are not in line, then further analysis is performed to quantify appropriate adjustments that may be either income statement charges or benefits on the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as occurred in 2002, 2003 and 2004 as described in Note 16.
The table below presents the significant assumptions inherent in the calculations of the case and non-specific reserves.
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | |
Case reserve discount rate | | 3.13%-5.90% | | 4.94%-6.10% | |
Non-specific reserve discount rate | | 1.20%-7.95% | | 1.2%-7.95% | |
Current experience factor | | 2.0 | | 2.4 | |
Reserving Methodology Industry Practice
The Company is aware that there are differences regarding the method of defining and measuring both case reserves and non-specific reserves among participants in the financial guaranty industry. Other financial guarantors may establish case reserves only after a default and use different techniques to estimate probable loss. Other financial guarantors may establish the equivalent of non-specific reserves, but refer to these reserves by various terms such as, but not limited to, “unallocated losses,” “active credit reserves” and “portfolio reserves,” or may use different statistical techniques from those the Company uses to determine loss at a given point in time.
Management believes that existing accounting literature does not address the unique attributes of financial guaranty insurance. As an insurance enterprise, the Company initially refers to the accounting and financial reporting guidance in SFAS 60. In establishing loss liabilities, the Company relies principally on SFAS 60, which prescribes differing treatment depending on whether a contract is a short-duration contract or a long-duration contract. Financial guaranty insurance does not fall clearly within the definition of either short-duration or long-duration contracts. Therefore, the Company does not believe that SFAS 60 alone provides sufficient guidance for financial guaranty claim liability recognition.
As a result, the Company also analogizes to SFAS 5, which requires the establishment of liabilities when a loss is both probable and estimable. The Company also relies by analogy on EITF 85-20, which provides general guidance on the recognition of losses related to guaranteeing a loan. In the absence of a comprehensive accounting model provided by SFAS 60, industry participants, including the Company, have looked to such other guidance referred to above to develop an accounting policy for the establishment and measurement of loss liabilities. The Company believes that its financial guaranty loss reserve policy is appropriate under the applicable accounting literature, and that it best reflects the fact that a portfolio of credit based insurance, comprising irrevocable contracts that cannot be unilaterally changed by the insurer and that match the maturity terms of the underlying insured obligation, contains probable and reasonably estimable losses.
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In January and February of 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) staff discussed with financial guaranty industry participants, differences in loss recognition practices among those participants. Based on discussions with the SEC staff, the Company understands that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) staff is considering whether additional guidance regarding financial guaranty insurance should be provided. When and if the FASB or SEC reach a conclusion on this issue, the Company and the rest of the financial guaranty industry may be required to change some aspects of their loss reserving policies, and the potential changes could extend to premium and expense recognition. The Company cannot predict how the FASB or SEC will resolve this issue and the resulting impact on its financial statements.
Until additional guidance is issued, the Company intends to continue applying its existing policy regarding the establishment of both specific and non-specific loss reserves.
Deferred Acquisition Costs
Deferred acquisition costs comprise those expenses related to the production of business, including commissions paid on reinsurance assumed, compensation and related costs of underwriting and marketing personnel, certain rating agency fees, premium taxes and certain other underwriting expenses, reduced by ceding commission income on premiums ceded to reinsurers. Deferred acquisition costs are amortized over the period in which the related premiums are earned. When an insured issue is retired or defeased prior to the end of the expected period of coverage, the remaining deferred acquisition cost is recognized. Recoverability of deferred acquisition costs is determined by considering deferred premium revenue and estimated installment premiums and the present value of anticipated losses and loss adjustment expenses.
VIE Debt
The debt is recorded at amortized cost. The Company may enter into associated transactions in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to fluctuations in interest and foreign currency rates and its related effect on the fair value of the debt. The change in the fair value of the hedged item in a qualifying hedge, attributable to the hedged risk, adjusts the carrying amount of the hedged item and is recognized in income currently. VIE debt may include hybrid debt instruments that contain embedded derivatives. Under certain conditions, embedded derivatives are required to be accounted for separately, at fair value through earnings.
Foreign Currency Translation
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the spot rate. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical rates. Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of deferred taxes, resulting from translating investments denominated in foreign currencies are recorded in shareholder’s equity. Gains and losses from transactions in foreign currencies are recorded in income.
Federal Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable and a provision for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between tax basis of assets and liabilities and the financial statement basis.
Non-interest bearing tax and loss bonds are purchased for the tax benefit resulting from deducting contingency reserves as provided under Internal Revenue Code Section 832(e). The Company records the purchase of tax and loss bonds as pre-payments of federal income taxes and includes them in other assets.
3. RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company has restated its financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 and the periods ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2004 and opening retained earnings at January 1, 2002. The restatement arises from the Company’s incorrect application of hedge accounting to certain transactions conducted through FSA Global.
FSA Global conducts its business on a matched funding basis, such that (1) fixed interest rate assets are
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matched with fixed interest rate liabilities and (2) floating interest rate assets are matched with floating interest rate liabilities using the same interest rate measure (e.g. LIBOR). The purpose of matching interest rates on assets with interest rates on liabilities is to “hedge” any risk associated with interest rate fluctuations. In the event that assets and liabilities do not match, FSA Global may enter into an interest rate swap to make such a match. FSA Global also holds foreign currency denominated debt which is remeasured at spot rates at each balance sheet date with gains and losses recorded in income.
In its accounting for these derivatives, the Company follows Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”). SFAS 133 requires that a company carry its derivatives on its balance sheet at fair value, reflecting periodic changes in their fair value in earnings.
In accordance with SFAS 133, if a hedging relationship meets certain specified criteria and appropriate contemporaneous documentation is established, it is eligible for “fair value” hedge accounting, and the offsetting changes in fair value of the hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged may be recorded in earnings. To the extent that these changes in value do not completely offset the changes in value of the related derivatives, there is a net impact on the income statement. The application of hedge accounting generally requires a company to evaluate the effectiveness of the hedging relationships on an ongoing basis and to calculate the changes in fair value of the derivatives and related hedged items independently. This is known as the “long-haul” method of hedge accounting. Transactions that meet more stringent criteria under SFAS 133 qualify for the “short-cut” method of hedge accounting, in which a company can make the assumption that the change in fair value of a hedged item attributable to changes in interest rate exactly offsets the change in fair value of the related derivative, rather than evaluating the actual change in fair value.
In the course of preparing its quarterly report for September 30, 2005, the Company determined that FSA Global’s accounting documentation for certain of its “short-cut” hedging relationships did not meet the requirements of SFAS 133. In addition, the Company determined that FSA Global had incorrectly applied the short-cut method of hedge accounting to certain other hedge relationships. Since FSA Global had incorrectly designated these hedges as qualifying for short-cut hedge accounting at the time of their inception, the Company did not periodically test the hedging relationships for effectiveness, as it would have done had they been designated as qualifying for long-haul hedge accounting. Although the hedging relationships would have qualified for long-haul hedge accounting treatment if they had been documented that way at their inception, the provisions of SFAS 133 do not allow the Company to apply the long-haul method retroactively. To correct these errors, the Company has reversed the periodic changes in fair value of the hedged items that it previously recognized in earnings and has reclassified the income statement impact of the derivatives from variable interest entities’ net interest income and variable interest entities’ net interest expense to net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments. Foreign exchange gains (losses) on variable interest entities’ debt has been reclassified from variable interest entities’ net interest expense to variable interest entities’ foreign exchange loss.
There is no net income impact of retroactively reversing hedge accounting as the Company does not retain an equity ownership in FSA Global.
In addition, the Company incorrectly treated as derivatives under SFAS 133 four financing agreements, which included commitments to provide future financing. The Company had previously accounted for these agreements as derivatives and applied the short-cut method of hedge accounting, whereby both the mark to market of the hedged and hedging items were included within income, with no effect on net income. To reverse the incorrect accounting for these agreements, the mark to market adjustments on both the agreements and the hedged items have been reversed in all applicable periods. There is no effect on net income. The restatement adjustments do not result in any changes to the Company’s liquidity or its overall financial condition.
During the restatement process, the Company noted a misallocation of tax expense between the Company and an affiliated company within the FSA Holdings consolidated group of companies. The Company has accordingly restated its 2004 and 2003 consolidated financial statements to reflect this adjustment. The Company also corrected insignificant errors in 2003 and 2002 relating to minority
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interest and foreign currency movements on deferred premium revenue and certain investments that were previously corrected in 2004.
The balance sheet effects of the restatement by line item are summarized in the table below:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2004 As filed | | 2004 Restated | | 2003 As filed | | 2003 Restated | |
| | (in millions) | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Other assets | | $ | 1,145.6 | | $ | 1,125.6 | | $ | 935.4 | | $ | 926.5 | |
Total Assets | | 9,576.5 | | 9,556.5 | | 8,644.2 | | 8,635.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Deferred premium revenue | | 2,101.2 | | 2,101.2 | | 1,862.0 | | 1,845.0 | |
Variable interest entities’ debt | | 3,123.1 | | 2,854.0 | | 3,006.9 | | 2,844.8 | |
Deferred federal income taxes | | 253.9 | | 253.8 | | 180.7 | | 186.6 | |
Minority interest | | — | | 48.6 | | — | | 50.3 | |
Minority interest in variable interest entities | | — | | 251.5 | | — | | 144.1 | |
Accrued expenses & other liabilities | | 356.1 | | 307.8 | | 396.0 | | 345.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities and Minority Interest | | 6,876.7 | | 6,859.2 | | 6,336.5 | | 6,306.9 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | 170.6 | | 170.6 | | 151.7 | | 158.2 | |
Accumulated earnings | | 1,675.1 | | 1,672.5 | | 1,321.0 | | 1,335.3 | |
Total Shareholder’s Equity | | $ | 2,699.8 | | $ | 2,697.2 | | $ | 2,307.6 | | $ | 2,328.4 | |
The impact of the restatement decreased opening retained earnings at January 1, 2002 by $1.5 million.
The income statement effects of the restatement by line item are summarized in the table below:
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 As filed | | 2004 Restated | | 2003 As filed | | 2003 Restated | | 2002 As filed | | 2002 Restated | |
| | (in millions) | |
Variable interest entities’ net interest income | | $ | 68.8 | | $ | 74.3 | | $ | 27.5 | | $ | 31.1 | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments | | 55.1 | | 304.8 | | 36.2 | | 228.2 | | (87.4 | ) | (87.4 | ) |
Total Revenues | | 742.3 | | 997.5 | | 607.8 | | 803.4 | | 402.7 | | 402.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable interest entities’ net interest expense | | 63.7 | | 126.8 | | 24.1 | | 58.6 | | — | | — | |
Variable interest entities’ foreign exchange loss | | — | | 79.3 | | — | | 118.3 | | — | | — | |
Operating expenses | | 62.9 | | 69.8 | | 54.6 | | 49.7 | | 46.4 | | 39.6 | |
Total Expenses | | 240.9 | | 390.2 | | 201.6 | | 349.4 | | 178.3 | | 171.5 | |
Minority interest | | (7.4 | ) | (6.9 | ) | (9.3 | ) | (9.3 | ) | (6.7 | ) | (6.7 | ) |
Minority interest in variable interest entities | | — | | (113.5 | ) | — | | (42.9 | ) | — | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current federal taxes | | 60.4 | | 62.5 | | 82.5 | | 83.0 | | 68.0 | | 68.0 | |
Deferred federal taxes | | 63.5 | | 60.9 | | 17.3 | | 19.0 | | (23.9 | ) | (21.5 | ) |
Total provision | | 123.9 | | 123.4 | | 99.8 | | 102.0 | | 44.1 | | 46.5 | |
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change | | 373.8 | | 367.3 | | 316.1 | | 318.8 | | 182.8 | | 187.2 | |
Net Income | | 373.8 | | 367.3 | | 320.9 | | 323.6 | | 182.8 | | 187.2 | |
Unrealized gains arising during period | | 18.5 | | 12.0 | | 12.4 | | 18.9 | | 101.1 | | 101.1 | |
Comprehensive Income | | $ | 392.7 | | $ | 379.7 | | $ | 329.4 | | $ | 338.6 | | $ | 263.1 | | $ | 267.5 | |
The schedule of payments due under VIE debt (Note 21) was adjusted to correct the exclusion of the mark to market of embedded derivative features of certain debt instruments for which the embedded derivatives had been bifurcated and accounted for separately at fair value.
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Relevant disclosures have been restated in the applicable notes.
4. INVESTMENTS
Bonds at amortized cost of $9.7 million and $8.9 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, were on deposit with state regulatory authorities as required by insurance regulations.
Consolidated net investment income, excluding income attributable to the variable interest entities’ bond and short term portfolio (the “VIE portfolio”), consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
Bonds | | $ | 171,058 | | $ | 152,977 | | $ | 136,352 | |
Equity investments | | — | | — | | 294 | |
Short-term investments | | 2,791 | | 2,986 | | 3,337 | |
Investment expenses | | (2,907 | ) | (2,892 | ) | (2,377 | ) |
Net investment income | | $ | 170,942 | | $ | 153,071 | | $ | 137,606 | |
The credit quality of bonds, excluding the VIE portfolio, at December 31, 2004 was as follows:
Rating(1) | | Percent of Bonds | |
AAA | | 75.7 | % |
AA | | 19.4 | |
A | | 4.8 | |
NR | | 0.1 | |
| | 100.0% | |
(1) Ratings are based on the lower of Moody’s or S&P ratings available at December 31, 2004.
Of the bonds included in the investment portfolio, excluding the VIE portfolio, 13.0% were AAA by virtue of insurance provided by the Company. Without giving effect to the Company’s guaranty, the weighted-average rating of the Company’s insured investments was in the A+ range, and all of the investments were investment grade.
The amortized cost and fair value of bonds, excluding the VIE portfolio, were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2004 | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | | $ | 143,916 | | $ | 4,984 | | $ | (347 | ) | $ | 148,553 | |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | | 2,857,641 | | 220,875 | | (1,987 | ) | 3,076,529 | |
Foreign | | 126,099 | | 19,895 | | (714 | ) | 145,280 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | 219,834 | | 3,619 | | (1,322 | ) | 222,131 | |
Corporate securities | | 232,457 | | 7,056 | | (504 | ) | 239,009 | |
Asset-backed securities | | 56,843 | | 312 | | (71 | ) | 57,084 | |
Short-term investments | | 316,921 | | — | | — | | 316,921 | |
Total | | $ | 3,953,711 | | $ | 256,741 | | $ | (4,945 | ) | $ | 4,205,507 | |
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December 31, 2003 | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | | $ | 121,301 | | $ | 4,110 | | $ | (355 | ) | $ | 125,056 | |
Foreign | | 108,249 | | 69 | | (2,368 | ) | 105,950 | |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | | 2,506,380 | | 218,929 | | (1,287 | ) | 2,724,022 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | 196,465 | | 3,834 | | (1,389 | ) | 198,910 | |
Corporate securities | | 240,463 | | 10,229 | | (589 | ) | 250,103 | |
Asset-backed securities | | 81,645 | | 1,720 | | (26 | ) | 83,339 | |
Short-term investments | | 222,390 | | — | | — | | 222,390 | |
Total | | $ | 3,476,893 | | $ | 238,891 | | $ | (6,014 | ) | $ | 3,709,770 | |
The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities, excluding the VIE portfolio, have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2004:
| | Less than 12 months | | 12 months or more | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | | $ | 50,812 | | $ | (183 | ) | $ | 4,189 | | $ | (164 | ) | $ | 55,001 | | $ | (347 | ) |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | | 214,194 | | (1,266 | ) | 67,095 | | (721 | ) | 281,289 | | (1,987 | ) |
Mortgage-backed securities | | 32,701 | | (304 | ) | 38,784 | | (1,018 | ) | 71,485 | | (1,322 | ) |
Corporate securities | | 26,725 | | (161 | ) | 17,859 | | (343 | ) | 44,584 | | (504 | ) |
Foreign | | 1,722 | | (39 | ) | 40,136 | | (675 | ) | 41,858 | | (714 | ) |
Asset-backed securities | | 16,279 | | (71 | ) | — | | — | | 16,279 | | (71 | ) |
Total | | $ | 342,433 | | $ | (2,024 | ) | $ | 168,063 | | $ | (2,921 | ) | $ | 510,496 | | $ | (4,945 | ) |
The Company periodically monitors its investment portfolio for individual investments in an unrealized loss position in order to assess whether any investment is considered other-than-temporarily impaired. In each case, the Company determines the nature and cause of the decline and whether the Company maintains the ability and intent to hold the security until the unrealized loss may reverse or until maturity. At December 31, 2004, there were 113 securities that were in an unrealized loss position for a continuous 12-month period or longer. None of the 113 securities had an unrealized loss that exceeded book value by 7% or greater at December 31, 2004. At December 31, 2004, the Company determined that no investments were considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
The amortized cost and fair value of bonds at December 31, 2004, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | |
Due in one year or less | | $ | 372,006 | | $ | 372,047 | |
Due after one year through five years | | 529,420 | | 535,299 | |
Due after five years through ten years | | 516,763 | | 554,621 | |
Due after ten years | | 2,258,845 | | 2,464,325 | |
Mortgage-backed securities (stated maturities of 1 to 40 years) | | 219,834 | | 222,131 | |
Asset-backed securities (stated maturities of 1 to 35 years) | | 56,843 | | 57,084 | |
Total | | $ | 3,953,711 | | $ | 4,205,507 | |
Proceeds from sales of bonds, excluding the VIE portfolio, during 2004, 2003 and 2002 were $738.9 million, $921.0 million and $733.9 million, respectively. Gross gains of $4.5 million, $11.5 million and $29.5 million and gross losses of $5.5 million, $6.3 million and $1.1 million were realized on sales in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
In 2002, the Company purchased foreign currency call options. These calls were marked to market through earnings and, for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, resulted in net unrealized gains of $0.9 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
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5. DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS
Acquisition costs deferred for amortization against future income and the related amortization charged to expenses are as follows (in thousands):
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 273,646 | | $ | 253,777 | | $ | 240,492 | |
Costs deferred during the period: | | | | | | | |
Ceding commission income, net | | (65,838 | ) | (73,943 | ) | (68,464 | ) |
Premium taxes | | 16,551 | | 16,773 | | 13,401 | |
Compensation and other acquisition costs | | 145,857 | | 135,430 | | 122,441 | |
Total | | 96,570 | | 78,260 | | 67,378 | |
Costs amortized during the period | | (62,201 | ) | (58,391 | ) | (54,093 | ) |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 308,015 | | $ | 273,646 | | $ | 253,777 | |
6. STATUTORY ACCOUNTING PRACTICES
GAAP differs in certain significant respects from accounting practices prescribed or permitted by insurance regulatory authorities, which are applicable to the Company’s insurance company subsidiaries. The principal differences result from the following statutory accounting practices:
• upfront premiums are recognized as earned when related principal and interest have expired rather than over the expected coverage period;
• acquisition costs are charged to operations as incurred rather than as related premiums are earned;
• a contingency reserve (rather than a non-specific reserve) is computed based on the following statutory requirements:
1) For all policies written prior to July 1, 1989, an amount equal to 50% of cumulative earned premiums less permitted reductions plus
2) For all policies written on or after July 1, 1989, an amount equal to the greater of 50% of premiums written for each category of insured obligation or a designated percentage of principal guaranteed for that category. These amounts are provided each quarter as either 1¤60th or 1¤80th of the total required for each category, less permitted reductions;
• certain assets designated as “non-admitted assets” are charged directly to statutory surplus but are reflected as assets under GAAP;
• deferred tax assets are generally admitted to the extent reversals of existing temporary differences in the subsequent year can be recovered through carryback;
• insured CDS are considered to be insurance contracts, not derivative contracts recorded at fair value;
• bonds are carried at amortized cost;
• VIEs are not consolidated under statutory accounting standards; and
• surplus notes are recognized as surplus rather than as a liability unless approved for repayment
Reconciliations of net income for the years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002 and shareholder’s equity at December 31, 2004 and 2003, reported by the Company on a GAAP basis, to the amounts reported by the insurance company subsidiaries on a statutory basis, is as follows (in thousands):
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Net Income: | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | | (restated) | |
GAAP BASIS | | $ | 367,288 | | $ | 323,606 | | $ | 187,173 | |
Premium revenue recognition | | (80,169 | ) | (27,867 | ) | (19,624 | ) |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred | | 3,889 | | 21,813 | | 20,585 | |
Deferred acquisition costs | | (34,370 | ) | (19,868 | ) | (13,285 | ) |
Deferred income tax provision | | 60,929 | | 19,032 | | (21,522 | ) |
Current income tax benefit | | (16,601 | ) | (17,505 | ) | (8,162 | ) |
Change in fair value of derivatives | | (306,679 | ) | (226,836 | ) | 48,788 | |
Income and expenses of VIEs’, net | | 164,747 | | 68,651 | | — | |
Foreign exchange transaction loss | | 86,240 | | 113,330 | | (6,760 | ) |
Other | | (3,193 | ) | 8,588 | | 7,895 | |
STATUTORY BASIS | | $ | 242,081 | | $ | 262,944 | | $ | 195,088 | |
| | December 31, | |
Shareholder’s Equity: | | 2004 | | 2003 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | |
GAAP BASIS | | $ | 2,697,235 | | $ | 2,328,392 | |
Premium revenue recognition | | (290,204 | ) | (189,823 | ) |
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves | | 96,380 | | 109,237 | |
Deferred acquisition costs | | (308,015 | ) | (273,646 | ) |
Contingency reserve | | (1,099,462 | ) | (936,761 | ) |
Unrealized gain on investments | | (258,677 | ) | (232,877 | ) |
Deferred income taxes | | 277,732 | | 205,285 | |
Surplus notes | | 74,756 | | 154,761 | |
Other | | (8,324 | ) | 2,929 | |
STATUTORY BASIS SURPLUS | | $ | 1,181,421 | | $ | 1,167,497 | |
SURPLUS PLUS CONTINGENCY RESERVE | | $ | 2,280,883 | | $ | 2,104,258 | |
7. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
Dexia Holdings, the Parent and the Company and its Subsidiaries, except FSA International, filed a consolidated federal income tax return.
The tax sharing agreement provides that each member’s tax benefit or expense is calculated on a separate return basis and that any credits or losses available to the Parent or Dexia Holdings be allocated to the members based on the member’s taxable income. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company and its Subsidiaries received benefits from utilizing the Parent’s credits and losses of $20.4 million and $10.5 million, respectively. These amounts have been recorded as capital contributions and reductions in amounts payable to the Parent in the financial statements.
Except as described below, federal income taxes have not been provided on all of the undistributed earnings of FSA International, since it has been the Company’s practice and intent to reinvest such earnings in the operations of this subsidiary. The cumulative amount of such untaxed earnings was $86.7 million and $57.1 million at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The American Job Creation Act of 2004 (the “Act”) was enacted on October 22, 2004, which added Section 965 to the Internal Revenue Code. Section 965 provides for the repatriation of dividends from a controlled foreign corporation to its U.S. shareholder at an effective tax rate of 5.25% provided that proceeds from the repatriation are utilized for qualified domestic investment activities. The U.S. Treasury Department issued Notice 2005-10, which provided guidance on acceptable investment activities. The Company believes it qualifies for the beneficial treatment under Section 965 and has accordingly accrued a deferred tax liability and expense of $5.3 million at December 31, 2004. This amount represents the tax effect on FSA International’s tax dividend distribution capability at December 31, 2004. To the extent FSA
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International generates additional tax earnings and profits in 2005, it is probable that the Company will distribute such amounts and, accordingly, provide taxes on such earnings as they accrue during 2005.
The Act provides special tax treatment only for tax dividends. Tax dividends can be made only to the extent of earnings and profits that have a different basis of calculation from that of GAAP earnings. At December 31, 2004, GAAP earnings exceeded tax earnings and profits by approximately $22.6 million. It is the Company’s intention to repatriate only earnings that qualify for the special tax treatment under the Act.
The cumulative balance sheet effects of deferred federal tax consequences are as follows (in thousands):
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | |
Deferred acquisition costs | | $ | 95,736 | | $ | 85,441 | |
Deferred premium revenue adjustments | | 37,826 | | 16,520 | |
Unrealized capital gains | | 88,902 | | 79,186 | |
Contingency reserves | | 113,507 | | 96,481 | |
Undistributed earnings | | — | | 3,484 | |
Fair value adjustments | | 137,949 | | 51,860 | |
Other, net | | 7,655 | | 2,802 | |
Total deferred federal income tax liabilities | | 481,575 | | 335,774 | |
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves | | (35,540 | ) | (34,304 | ) |
Deferred compensation | | (67,944 | ) | (64,499 | ) |
Fair value adjustments | | — | | — | |
Foreign currency transaction loss | | (69,139 | ) | (35,455 | ) |
Minority interest | | (54,424 | ) | (14,890 | ) |
Other, net | | (756 | ) | — | |
Total deferred federal income tax assets | | (227,803 | ) | (149,148 | ) |
Net deferred federal income tax liability | | $ | 253,772 | | $ | 186,626 | |
Management believes it is more likely than not that the tax benefit of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Accordingly, no valuation allowance was necessary at December 31, 2004 or 2003.
A reconciliation of the effective tax rate with the federal statutory rate follows:
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | | (restated) | |
Tax at statutory rate | | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % |
Tax-exempt interest | | (8.3 | ) | (8.5 | ) | (13.2 | ) |
Income of foreign subsidiary | | (1.3 | ) | (2.5 | ) | (2.3 | ) |
Other | | (0.2 | ) | 0.3 | | 0.4 | |
Provision for income taxes | | 25.2 | % | 24.3 | % | 19.9 | % |
8. DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
Under insurance laws of the State of New York, the Company may pay a dividend without the prior approval of the Superintendent of Insurance of the State of New York (the “New York Superintendent”) only from earned surplus subject to the maintenance of a minimum capital requirement. In addition, the dividend, together with all dividends declared or distributed by it during the preceding 12 months, may not exceed the lesser of 10% of its policyholders’ surplus shown on its last filed statement, or adjusted net investment income, as defined, for such 12-month period. In 2004, the Company paid $30.0 million in dividends and had an additional $84.5 million available for the payment of dividends over the next 12 months. No dividends were paid in 2003 or 2002.
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9. CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND ADDITIONAL CLAIMS-PAYING RESOURCES
FSA has a credit arrangement aggregating $150.0 million, which is provided by commercial banks and intended for general application to transactions insured by the Subsidiaries. If FSA is downgraded below Aa3 and AA-, the lenders may terminate the commitment and the commitment commission becomes due and payable. If FSA is downgraded below Baa3 and BBB-, any outstanding loans become due and payable. At December 31, 2004, there were no borrowings under this arrangement, which expires on April 22, 2005, if not extended.
FSA has a standby line of credit commitment in the amount of $325.0 million with a group of international banks to provide loans to FSA after it has incurred, during the term of the facility, cumulative municipal losses (net of any recoveries) in excess of the greater of $325.0 million or the average annual debt service of the covered portfolio multiplied by 5.00%, which amounted to $1,067.0 million at December 31, 2004. The obligation to repay loans made under this agreement is a limited recourse obligation payable solely from, and collateralized by, a pledge of recoveries realized on defaulted insured obligations in the covered portfolio, including certain installment premiums and other collateral. This commitment has a term expiring on April 30, 2011 and contains an annual renewal provision subject to approval by the banks. No amounts have been utilized under this commitment as of December 31, 2004.
In June 2003, $200.0 million of money market committed preferred trust securities (the “CPS Securities”) were issued by trusts created for the primary purpose of issuing the CPS Securities, investing the proceeds in high-quality commercial paper and providing FSA with put options for issuing to the trusts non-cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”) of FSA. If a put option were to be exercised by FSA, the applicable trust would use the portion of the proceeds attributable to principal received upon maturity of its assets, net of expenses, and transfer such proceeds to FSA in exchange for Preferred Stock of FSA. FSA pays a floating put premium to the trusts. The cost of the structure was $1.3 million and $3.6 million for 2004 and 2003 respectively, and was recorded in equity. The trusts are vehicles for providing FSA access to new capital at its sole discretion through the exercise of the put options. The Company does not consider itself to be the primary beneficiary of the trusts under FIN 46 because it does not retain the majority of the residual benefits or expected losses.
The Company had borrowed $108.9 million from its Parent in the form of Surplus Notes. These notes carry a simple interest rate of 5.0% per annum. Principal of and interest on the Surplus Notes may be paid at any time at the option of the Company, subject to prior approval of the New York Superintendent and compliance with the conditions to such payments as contained in the New York Insurance Laws. These notes have no stated maturity. The Company paid interest of $6.7 million, $9.3 million and $7.4 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. In 2004, 2003 and 2002 respectively, with the approval of the New York Superintendent, FSA repaid $44.0 million, $60.0 million and $28.0 million of principal on such notes.
10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company maintains both qualified and non-qualified non-contributory defined contribution pension plans for the benefit of eligible employees. The Company and its subsidiaries’ contributions are based on a fixed percentage of employee compensation. Pension expense, which is funded annually, amounted to $5.2 million, $4.3 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The Company has an employee retirement savings plan for the benefit of all eligible employees. The plan permits employees to contribute a percentage of their salaries up to limits prescribed by Internal Revenue Service Code, Section 401(k). The Company’s contributions are discretionary, and none have been made.
Performance shares are awarded under the Parent’s 1993 Equity Participation Plan. The 1993 Equity Participation Plan authorizes the discretionary grant of performance shares by the Human Resources Committee to key employees of the Company. The amount earned for each performance share depends upon the attainment by the Company of certain growth rates of adjusted book value (or, in the case of performance shares issued after January 1, 2001, growth rates of adjusted book value and book value) per outstanding share over a three-year period.
At the election of the participant at the time of award, growth rates may be determined including or excluding realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Parent’s consolidated investment portfolio. No payout occurs if the compound annual growth rate of the Parent’s consolidated adjusted book value (or in the case of performance shares issued after January 1, 2001, growth rates of adjusted book value and book value) per outstanding share is less than 7%, and a 200% payout occurs if the compound annual growth rate is 19% or greater. Payout percentages are interpolated for compound annual growth rates between 7% and 19%.
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Performance shares granted under the 1993 Equity Participation Plan were as follows:
| | Outstanding at Beginning of Year | | Granted During the Year | | Earned During the Year | | Forfeited During the Year | | Outstanding at End of Year | | Price per Share at Grant Date | |
2002 | | 1,437,231 | | 372,775 | | 380,279 | | 13,901 | | 1,415,826 | | $ | 85.63 | |
2003 | | 1,415,826 | | 342,845 | | 464,778 | | 13,261 | | 1,280,632 | | 92.72 | |
2004 | | 1,280,632 | | 349,506 | | 398,292 | | 20,038 | | 1,211,808 | | 109.71 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company applies APB Opinion 25 and related Interpretations in accounting for the Parent’s performance shares. The Company estimates the final cost of these performance shares and accrues for this expense over the performance period. The accrued expense for the performance shares was $67.0 million, $58.1 million and $55.8 million, for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
For obligations under the Parent’s Deferred Compensation Plan (“DCP”) and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”), the Parent generally purchases investments expected to perform similarly to the tracking investments chosen by the participants under the plans.
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Effective June 2004, the Company entered into a 20-year sublease agreement with Deutsche Bank AG for office space at 31 West 52nd Street, New York, New York to be used as the Company’s new headquarters. The Company anticipates moving from its current location at 350 Park Avenue, New York, New York to its new space in the second quarter of 2005. The lease contains scheduled rent increases every five years after a 19-month rent-free period, as well as lease incentives for initial construction costs of up to $6.0 million, as defined in the sublease. The lease contains provisions for rent increases related to increases in the building’s operating expenses. The lease also contains a renewal option for an additional ten-year period, and an option to rent additional office space at various points in the future, in each case at then-current market rents. In addition the Company and its subsidiaries lease additional office space under non-cancelable operating leases, which expire at various dates through 2013. Future minimum rental payments are as follows (in thousands):
Future minimum rental payments are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | | | |
2005 | | $ | 5,462.3 | |
2006 | | 7,579.7 | |
2007 | | 8,913.4 | |
2008 | | 8,156.1 | |
2009 | | 8,171.1 | |
Thereafter | | 114,367.5 | |
Total | | $ | 152,650.1 | |
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, was $6.9 million in 2004, $6.6 million in 2003 and $5.7 million in 2002.
During the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries have become parties to certain litigation. The company is not subject to any material pending legal proceedings.
12. REINSURANCE
The company obtains reinsurance to increase its policy-writing capacity on both an aggregate-risk and a single-risk basis; to meet rating agency, internal and state insurance regulatory limits; to diversify risk; to reduce the need for additional capital; and to strengthen financial ratios. The Company reinsures portions of their risks with affiliated (see Note 14) and unaffiliated reinsurers under quota share, first-loss and excess-of-loss treaties and on a facultative basis.
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In the event that any or all of the reinsuring companies were unable to meet their obligations to the Company, or contested such obligations, the Company would be liable for such defaulted amounts. Certain of the reinsuring companies have provided collateral to the subsidiaries to secure their reinsurance obligations.
Amounts of ceded and assumed business were as follows (in thousands):
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
Written premiums ceded | | $ | 244,211 | | $ | 281,542 | | $ | 270,954 | |
Written premiums assumed | | 11,567 | | 3,294 | | 2,443 | |
Earned premiums ceded | | 161,733 | | 159,350 | | 134,093 | |
Earned premiums assumed | | 6,608 | | 3,832 | | 4,079 | |
Losses and loss adjustment expense payments ceded | | 52,372 | | 16,993 | | (2,513 | ) |
Losses and loss adjustment expense payments assumed | | 16 | | — | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | |
Principal outstanding ceded | | $ | 116,687,760 | | $ | 96,571,216 | |
Principal outstanding assumed | | 2,134,427 | | 1,935,306 | |
Deferred premium revenue ceded | | 759,191 | | 695,398 | |
Deferred premium revenue assumed | | 17,823 | | 13,060 | |
Losses and loss adjustment expense reserves ceded | | 35,419 | | 59,235 | |
Losses and loss adjustment expense reserves assumed | | 553 | | 592 | |
| | | | | | | |
13. OUTSTANDING EXPOSURE AND COLLATERAL
The Company’s policies insure the scheduled payments of principal and interest on asset-backed (including insured CDS) and municipal obligations. The gross amount of financial guarantees in force (principal and interest) was $631.3 billion at December 31, 2004 and $563.9 billion at December 31, 2003. The net amount of financial guarantees in force (after giving effect to reinsurance) was $453.2 billion at December 31, 2004 and $408.8 billion at December 31, 2003.
The maturities below are based on estimates made by the issuers of the insured obligations. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The net par outstanding (in millions) as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 and the terms to maturity are as follows:
| | December 31, 2004 | | December 31, 2003 | |
Terms to Maturity | | Asset-Backed(1) | | Municipal | | Asset-Backed(1) | | Municipal | |
0 to 5 Years | | $ | 46,800 | | $ | 39,448 | | $ | 58,500 | | $ | 34,274 | |
5 to 10 Years | | 29,155 | | 43,165 | | 32,998 | | 38,401 | |
10 to 15 Years | | 10,772 | | 37,174 | | 6,644 | | 32,895 | |
15 to 20 Years | | 1,084 | | 30,857 | | 1,450 | | 27,133 | |
20 Years and Above | | 41,682 | | 44,748 | | 23,144 | | 38,235 | |
Total | | $ | 129,493 | | $ | 195,392 | | $ | 122,736 | | $ | 170,938 | |
(1) Includes related party insurance of $7,143 million and $4,474 million, in 2004 and 2003, respectively relating to FSA-insured GICs issued by the GIC Affiliates.
The par amount ceded as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 and the terms to maturity are as follows (in millions):
Terms to | | December 31, 2004 | | December 31, 2003 | |
Maturity | | Asset-Backed | | Municipal | | Asset-Backed | | Municipal | |
0 to 5 Years | | $ | 21,662 | | $ | 11,443 | | $ | 9,372 | | $ | 9,952 | |
5 to 10 Years | | 6,909 | | 14,707 | | 7,567 | | 13,355 | |
10 to 15 Years | | 2,228 | | 14,630 | | 2,454 | | 12,662 | |
15 to 20 Years | | 1,373 | | 12,870 | | 1,971 | | 12,223 | |
20 Years and Above | | 4,862 | | 26,004 | | 3,583 | | 23,432 | |
Total | | $ | 37,034 | | $ | 79,654 | | $ | 24,947 | | $ | 71,624 | |
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The Company limits its exposure to losses from writing financial guarantees by underwriting investment-grade obligations, diversifying its portfolio and maintaining rigorous collateral requirements on asset-backed obligations, as well as through reinsurance. The net par outstanding of insured obligations in the asset-backed insured portfolio are backed by the following types of collateral (in millions):
Types of | | Net of Amounts Ceded(1) as of December 31, | | Ceded as of December 31, | |
Collateral | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2003 | |
Residential mortgages | | $ | 35,641 | | $ | 20,643 | | $ | 4,997 | | $ | 4,024 | |
Consumer receivables | | 9,540 | | 14,039 | | 2,241 | | 5,033 | |
Pooled corporate obligations | | 68,340 | | 77,921 | | 26,223 | | 11,690 | |
Other asset-backed obligations | | 15,972 | | 10,133 | | 3,573 | | 4,200 | |
Total asset-backed obligations | | $ | 129,493 | | $ | 122,736 | | $ | 37,034 | | $ | 24,947 | |
(1) Includes related party insurance of $7,143 million and $4,474 million, in 2004 and 2003, respectively, relating to FSA-insured GICs issued by the GIC Affiliates.
The net par outstanding of insured obligations in the municipal insured portfolio includes the following types of issues (in millions):
| | Net of Amounts Ceded as of December 31, | | Ceded as of December 31, | |
Types of Issues | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2003 | |
General obligation bonds | | $ | 77,865 | | $ | 67,212 | | $ | 24,278 | | $ | 20,184 | |
Housing revenue bonds | | 7,628 | | 7,597 | | 2,224 | | 2,074 | |
Municipal utility revenue bonds | | 33,544 | | 30,024 | | 13,761 | | 14,270 | |
Health care revenue bonds | | 9,261 | | 7,051 | | 7,784 | | 6,971 | |
Tax-supported bonds (non-general obligation) | | 36,631 | | 33,835 | | 14,564 | | 13,526 | |
Transportation revenue bonds | | 12,834 | | 10,744 | | 7,584 | | 7,376 | |
Other municipal bonds | | 17,629 | | 14,475 | | 9,459 | | 7,223 | |
Total municipal obligations | | $ | 195,392 | | $ | 170,938 | | $ | 79,654 | | $ | 71,624 | |
In its asset-backed business, the Company considers geographic concentration as a factor in underwriting insurance covering securitizations of pools of such assets as residential mortgages or consumer receivables. However, after the initial issuance of an insurance policy relating to such securitizations, the geographic concentration of the underlying assets may not remain fixed over the life of the policy. In addition, in writing insurance for other types of asset-backed obligations, such as securities primarily backed by government or corporate debt, geographic concentration is not deemed by the Company to be significant, given other more relevant measures of diversification, such as issuer or industry diversification.
The Company seeks to maintain a diversified portfolio of insured municipal obligations designed to spread its risk across a number of geographic areas. The following table sets forth those states in which municipalities located therein issued an aggregate of 2% or more of the Company’s net par amount outstanding (in millions) of insured municipal securities as of December 31, 2004:
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State | | Number of Issues | | Net Par Amount Outstanding | | Percent of Total Municipal Net Par Amount Outstanding | | Ceded Par Amount Outstanding | |
California | | 934 | | $ | 26,501 | | 13.6 | % | $ | 8,897 | |
New York | | 622 | | 17,917 | | 9.2 | | 9,362 | |
Texas | | 701 | | 13,297 | | 6.8 | | 4,815 | |
Pennsylvania | | 704 | | 12,276 | | 6.3 | | 3,418 | |
Florida | | 274 | | 10,881 | | 5.6 | | 3,820 | |
Illinois | | 633 | | 9,337 | | 4.8 | | 3,699 | |
New Jersey | | 548 | | 9,053 | | 4.6 | | 4,176 | |
Washington | | 297 | | 7,272 | | 3.7 | | 2,867 | |
Michigan | | 399 | | 5,896 | | 3.0 | | 2,096 | |
Massachusetts | | 194 | | 4,933 | | 2.5 | | 2,639 | |
Wisconsin | | 425 | | 4,713 | | 2.4 | | 1,299 | |
Ohio | | 265 | | 4,412 | | 2.3 | | 2,199 | |
Georgia | | 106 | | 4,288 | | 2.2 | | 1,417 | |
All other U.S. jurisdictions | | 2,747 | | 56,283 | | 28.7 | | 21,740 | |
International | | 85 | | 8,333 | | 4.3 | | 7,210 | |
Total | | $ | 8,934 | | $ | 195,392 | | 100.0 | % | $ | 79,654 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Allocable expenses are shared by the Company and its Parent on a basis determined principally by estimates of respective usage as stated in an expense sharing agreement. The agreement is subject to the provisions of the New York Insurance Law. Amounts included in other assets at December 31, 2004 and 2003 are $11.2 million and $31.5 million respectively, for unsettled expense allocations due from the Parent.
The Company ceded premiums of $35.2 million, $48.8 million and $23.4 million to subsidiaries of XL Capital Ltd (“XL”), which owns an interest in FSA International, for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The amounts included in prepaid reinsurance premiums at December 31, 2004 and 2003 for reinsurance ceded to subsidiaries of XL were $84.6 million and $60.8 million, respectively. Reinsurance recoverable for unpaid losses at December 31, 2004 and 2003 for reinsurance ceded to subsidiaries of XL were $8.2 million and $10.9 million, respectively.
The Company had premiums earned of $2.5 million and $5.0 million in the first half of 2003 and the year ended 2002, respectively, relating to the guarantees of debt issued or assets purchased by the VIEs. Intercompany premiums earned relating to the VIEs have been eliminated in consolidation for periods subsequent to July 1, 2003.
The VIE portfolio contains $961.9 million at December 31, 2004 and $955.9 million at December 31, 2003 of GICs issued by the GIC Affiliates. The Company recognized $20.7 million and $7.4 million in VIE net interest income during 2004 and 2003 respectively, related to these investments.
The Company had premiums earned of $28.0 million, $20.5 million and $17.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, relating to business with affiliates of Dexia. Deferred premium revenue relating to those transactions was $17.0 million and $6.9 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Gross par outstanding relating to those transactions was $24.0 billion and $16.8 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company, via its interest in VIE holdings, recorded pre-tax income of $89.8 million and $57.4 million relating to swaps where Dexia was the counterparty. The Company recorded other assets of $319.7 million at December 31, 2004 and $222.6 million at December 31, 2003, primarily relating to swaps where Dexia was the counterparty. In addition, at December 31, 2004 and 2003 the Company had $163.0 million and $154.3 million in VIE debt relating to debt issued to Dexia. During 2004 and 2003, the Company recorded $8.8 million and $3.3 million in VIE net interest expense relating to such debt.
The Company had premiums earned of $15.4 million, $7.5 million and $3.3 million at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, relating to the guaranty of GICs issued by the GIC Affiliates.
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15. DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company determines fair values using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is necessary to interpret the data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amount the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair-value amounts.
For bonds, equity securities and VIE bond portfolio, the carrying amount represents fair value. The fair value is based on quoted market price or redemption value for the Company’s investment in XLFA.
For short-term investments, including the VIE short-term investments, the carrying amount is cost, which approximates fair market value due to the short maturity of the instruments.
For cash, receivable for investments sold and payable for investments purchased, the carrying amount is cost, which approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
For assets acquired under refinancing transactions, the fair value is either the present value of the expected cash flows or quoted market prices as of the reporting date.
For deferred premium revenue, net of prepaid reinsurance premiums, the carrying amount represents the Company’s future premium revenue, net of reinsurance, on policies where the premium was received at the inception of the insurance policy. The fair value of deferred premium revenue, net of prepaid reinsurance premiums, is an estimate of the premiums that would be paid under a reinsurance agreement with a third party to transfer the Company’s financial guaranty risk, net of that portion of the premiums retained by the Company to compensate it for originating and servicing the insurance contract.
For notes payable to affiliate, the fair value is the present value of expected future cash flows as of the reporting date.
For installment premiums, consistent with industry practice, there is no carrying amount since the Company will receive premiums on an installment basis over the term of the insurance contract. Similar to the treatment of deferred premium revenue, the fair value of installment premiums is the estimated present value of the future contractual premium revenues that would be received under a reinsurance agreement with a third party to transfer the Company’s financial guaranty risk, net of that portion of the premium retained by the Company to compensate it for originating and servicing the insurance contract.
For VIE debt, the fair value is the present value of the expected cash flows as of the reporting date.
For losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses, the carrying amount is net present value of the expected cash flows for specifically identified claims and inherent losses in the Company’s insured portfolio, which management believes is a reasonable proxy for fair value.
For fair-value adjustments on derivatives, the carrying amount represents fair value. The Company uses quoted market prices when available, but if quoted market prices are not available, management uses internally developed estimates.
The table below shows the carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial instruments (in thousands):
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| | December 31, 2004 (restated) | | December 31, 2003 (restated) | |
| | Carrying Amount | | Fair Value | | Carrying Amount | | Fair Value | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
Bonds | | $ | 3,888,586 | | $ | 3,888,586 | | $ | 3,487,380 | | $ | 3,487,380 | |
Equity securities | | 54,300 | | 54,300 | | — | | — | |
Variable interest entities’ bonds | | 1,346,355 | | 1,346,355 | | 1,422,538 | | 1,422,538 | |
Variable interest entities’ GICs | | 961,925 | | 961,925 | | 955,883 | | 955,883 | |
Short-term investments | | 316,921 | | 316,921 | | 222,390 | | 222,390 | |
VIE short-term investments | | 1,194 | | 1,194 | | 11,102 | | 11,102 | |
Cash | | 10,005 | | 10,005 | | 11,640 | | 11,640 | |
Assets acquired in refinancing transactions | | 748,936 | | 745,360 | | 505,133 | | 503,848 | |
Fair value adjustments on derivatives | | 617,395 | | 617,395 | | 389,446 | | 389,446 | |
Receivable for securities sold | | 161 | | 161 | | 389 | | 389 | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred premium revenue, net of prepaid reinsurance premiums | | 1,342,057 | | 1,154,461 | | 1,149,593 | | 949,469 | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses | | 144,522 | | 144,522 | | 174,173 | | 174,173 | |
Notes payable to affiliate | | 753,614 | | 754,463 | | 504,743 | | 507,453 | |
VIE debt | | 2,853,963 | | 3,103,090 | | 2,844,834 | | 2,988,588 | |
Surplus notes | | 108,850 | | N/A | | 152,850 | | N/A | |
Payable for investments purchased | | 16,533 | | 16,533 | | 6,828 | | 6,828 | |
Fair value adjustments on derivatives | | — | | — | | 9,464 | | 9,464 | |
Off-balance-sheet instruments: | | | | | | | | | |
Installment premiums | | — | | 509,138 | | — | | 424,964 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
16. LIABILITY FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
Activity in the liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses, which consists of the case and non-specific reserves, is summarized as follows (in millions):
| | Case Reserve Activity for the Year Ended | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
| | (dollars in millions) | |
Gross balance at January 1 | | $ | 121.9 | | $ | 134.0 | | $ | 45.4 | |
Less Reinsurance recoverable | | 59.2 | | 76.0 | | 28.9 | |
Net balance at January 1 | | 62.7 | | 58.0 | | 16.5 | |
Transfer from non-specific reserve | | 30.7 | | 12.7 | | 45.0 | |
Restructured transactions | | (13.9 | ) | (2.2 | ) | — | |
Paid (net of recoveries) related to: | | | | | | | |
Current year | | — | | — | | — | |
Prior year | | (34.3 | ) | (5.8 | ) | (3.5 | ) |
Total paid | | (34.3 | ) | (5.8 | ) | (3.5 | ) |
Net balance at December 31 | | 45.2 | | 62.7 | | 58.0 | |
Plus reinsurance recoverable | | 35.4 | | 59.2 | | 76.0 | |
Gross balance at December 31 | | $ | 80.6 | | $ | 121.9 | | $ | 134.0 | |
| | Non-Specific Reserve Activity For the Year Ended | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
| | (dollars in millions) | |
Balance at January 1 | | $ | 111.5 | | $ | 89.7 | | $ | 69.1 | |
Provision for losses | | | | | | | |
Current year | | 20.4 | | 22.4 | | 21.1 | |
Prior year | | 0.2 | | 12.1 | | 44.5 | |
Transfers to case reserves | | (30.7 | ) | (12.7 | ) | (45.0 | ) |
Restructured transactions | | (2.1 | ) | — | | — | |
Balance at December 31 | | 99.3 | | 111.5 | | 89.7 | |
Total case and non-specific reserves | | $ | 179.9 | | $ | 233.4 | | $ | 223.7 | |
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The gross and net par outstanding on transactions with case reserves were $791.4 million and $682.6 million at December 31, 2004. The net case reserve consisted primarily of six CDO transactions and one municipal transaction, which collectively accounted for approximately 95% of the total net case reserve. The remaining 11 exposures were in various sectors.
During 2004, the Company charged $20.6 million to loss expense, comprised of $25.0 million for originations of new business and $3.2 million related to reassumptions of previously ceded business, offset by reserve releases primarily related to a large refinancing transaction in 2004. The non-specific reserve decreased $12.2 million in 2004, primarily due to transfers from the non-specific reserve to the case reserves of $30.7 million offset by loss expense of $20.6 million. Case reserves decreased $17.5 million due to (1) a large, voluntarily accelerated transaction that had a $34.3 million payment and (2) reclassifications from reserves to asset valuation accounts for refinanced transactions of $13.9 million offset by transfers from the non-specific reserve of $30.7 million. (See Note 19).
In September 2004, FSA exercised its rights to have the collateral of a defaulted collateralized bond obligation liquidated at a public sale, in which the Company offered the highest bid. The Company acquired the collateral to gain control of the portfolio in order to mitigate future losses. The previously established case reserve was drawn down to reflect the excess of the purchase amount over the fair value of the collateral. The remaining $9.5 million balance in the case reserves related to this transaction was returned to the non-specific reserve. After reevaluating its requirements for the CDO portion of the non-specific reserve, the Company then reduced the non-specific reserve by $9.5 million, which was partially offset by normal reserve additions. The net amount transferred from the case reserves to the non-specific reserve was $1.4 million, which also included a transfer from the non-specific to the case reserves for a municipal utility transaction. The CDO portfolio continues to perform within the expectations reflected in previously recorded provisions for CDOs.
During 2003, the Company charged $34.5 million to loss expense, comprising $9.2 million related to the CDO portfolio discussed below, $22.4 million for origination of new business and $2.9 million for the accretion of the discount on prior years’ reserves. The non-specific reserve increased by $21.8 million in 2003, consisting of the loss expense, a transfer to the non-specific reserve of $1.4 million representing recoveries received on prior-year transactions and a transfer of $14.1 million from the non-specific reserve to case reserves. In addition, the Company reclassified $2.2 million of case reserves relating to a restructured transaction to securitized loans on the balance sheet (see Note 23).
In the second quarter of 2002, as part of the Company’s ongoing credit review process, management identified certain transactions not performing as expected in its portfolio of insured CDOs. As a result, management undertook a quantitative analysis of all CDO transactions in its insured portfolio that breached senior overcollateralization triggers, which were included in such transactions as one measure of adverse performance. A present value “deterministic” approach was utilized to estimate the loss inherent in this portfolio. The deterministic model takes the average cumulative default rate produced by a Monte Carlo simulation and applies those defaults to a cash flow model using (1) a timing sequence dependent on the portfolio’s rating and maturity composition, (2) an estimate of collateral recovery values for severity and (3) the LIBOR forward curve as a predictor of interest rates. Management assumed that current default rates on CDO collateral would improve in a manner consistent with an economic recovery following a period of significant credit deterioration similar to that experienced in 1991 and 1992 and, as a result, management utilized the Moody’s idealized default curve, adjusted by a factor consistent with the relationship between the 1992 cohort experience and the Moody’s 30-year average default rate. The per-period default rate was calculated based on the Moody’s weighted-average rating factor for each piece of surviving collateral. Recovery rates were judgmentally established by the Company. In considering the recovery rates to be utilized, management adjusted Moody’s average recovery rates (observed since 1982) downward to reflect more recent adverse observations.
At June 30, 2002, this analysis produced a present value of expected losses of $51.5 million, net of reinsurance recoveries and net of unearned premiums and future ceding commissions. Management addressed this net present value of expected loss ($51.5 million) through (1) an increase in the Company’s non-specific reserve ($31.0 million) and (2) amounts already existing in its non-specific reserve ($20.5 million), including non-specific reserve amounts reallocated to case reserves ($11.3 million). The $31.0 million increase in the Company’s non-specific reserve resulted in a corresponding increase to losses and loss adjustment expenses in the statement of operations of $31.0 million. An additional adjustment of $10.1 million was made in the fourth quarter of 2002 as a result of further deterioration of the CDO portfolio. Management established a methodology of recording case reserves on CDO transactions based on the extent to which the overcollateralization ratio (non-defaulted collateral at par value divided by the debt insured) has fallen below 100%, since management believes that claims on such transactions are probable and that the amount of the
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undercollateralization is a reasonable estimate of such claims. Such transactions may benefit from excess cash flow attributable in part to higher interest rates on the underlying collateral than on the insured securities. In addition, such transactions generally require insured payments of principal only at the ultimate maturity of such transactions. Application of this methodology resulted in recording $68.8 million in gross case reserves and $29.8 million in reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses, resulting in a $39.0 million increase in net case reserves in 2002. Management, beginning in the second quarter of 2002, has refined the loss factor it applies to its net par underwritten when calculating the non-specific reserve in order to reflect its recent adverse experience. As a result, the non-specific reserve accrual for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $65.6 million, rather than approximately $14.9 million that would have been accrued using the prior assumptions.
During 2002, the Company increased its non-specific reserve by $65.6 million, of which $41.1 million related to the CDO portfolio discussed above, $21.1 million was for origination of new business and $3.4 million was for accretion of the discount on prior years’ reserves. Also during 2002, the Company transferred to the non-specific reserve $0.8 million representing recoveries received on prior-year transactions and transferred $45.8 million from the non-specific reserve to case reserves.
The cumulative amount of net discount taken was approximately $59.5 million, $65.9 million and $44.7 million at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Since case and non-specific reserves are based on estimates, there can be no assurance that the ultimate liability will not differ from such estimates. The Company will continue, on an ongoing basis, to monitor these reserves and may periodically adjust such reserves, upward or downward, based on the Company’s actual loss experience, its future mix of business and future economic conditions.
17. EQUITY INVESTMENTS
FSA’s 13% investment in preferred shares of XL Financial Assurance Co. (“XLFA”), a financial guaranty insurance subsidiary of XL, is redeemable by XLFA at a price equal to the fair market value of the preferred shares, subject to a cap defined as the internal rate of return of 19% per annum from the date of the investment through the date of redemption, plus accrued dividends as if 100% of current year earnings were distributed. Based on this formula, the Company recently adopted a policy of carrying this investment at the lesser of the current calculated redemption value or the redemption value as of the next January first, which would exclude its share of accrued current year earnings to the extent the cap had been otherwise met. Consistent with this policy, in the third quarter of 2004, the Company charged $11.7 million to equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates and reduced its carrying value in this investment to $56.4 million. In the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company recorded a return of capital of $2.1 million.
Until the fourth quarter of 2004 this investment was accounted for using the equity method of accounting because the Company has significant influence over XLFA’s operations. In the second quarter of 2004, the Emerging Issues Task Force reached a consensus that under EITF Issue 02-14, “Whether an Investor Should Apply the Equity of Method of Accounting to Investments Other Than Common Stock” (“EITF 02-14”), an investor should only apply the equity method of accounting when it has investments in either common stock or in-substance common stock of a corporation, provided that the investor has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The EITF 02-14 consensus is applicable to reporting periods beginning after September 15, 2004. In accordance with this consensus, the Company will no longer accrue undistributed earnings related to its investment in XLFA. Amounts recorded by the Company in connection with XLFA as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 are as follows (in thousands):
| | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | |
Equity securities | | $ | 54,300 | | — | | — | |
Investment in XLFA | | — | | 64,440 | | 52,206 | |
Equity in earnings from XLFA | | 3,761 | | 19,077 | | 9,145 | |
Dividends received from XLFA | | 12,003 | | 6,640 | | 6,665 | |
| | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2003, the Company’s retained earnings included $25.7 million of accumulated undistributed earnings of XLFA.
18. MINORITY INTEREST IN SUBSIDIARY
In November 1998, FSA International, a Bermuda-based financial guaranty subsidiary of the Company, sold to XL $20.0 million of preferred shares representing a minority interest in FSA International. In December 1999, FSA International sold to XL an additional $10.0 million of preferred shares to enable XL to maintain its minority ownership percentage. The preferred shares are Cumulative Participating Voting Preferred Shares, that in total have a minimum fixed dividend of $1.5 million per annum. In 2004 and 2003, FSA International paid preferred dividends of $4.9 million and $3.3 million respectively, to XL. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company recognized minority interest of $6.9 million, $9.3 million and $6.7 million, respectively.
19. REFINANCED TRANSACTIONS AND NOTES PAYABLE TO AFFILIATES
The Company generally has rights under its financial guaranty insurance policies and indentures that allow it to accelerate the insured notes and pay claims under its insurance policies upon the occurrence of predefined events of default. To mitigate future losses, the Company may elect to purchase the outstanding insured obligation or its underlying collateral. Generally, refinancing vehicles reimburse FSA in whole for its claims payments in exchange for assignments of certain of FSA’s rights against the trusts. The refinancing vehicles obtain their funds from the proceeds of FSA-insured GICs issued in the ordinary course of business by the GIC Affiliates. FSA maintains its reinsurance on these transactions.
At December 31, 2004, FSA has reclassified all of the assets acquired in refinancing transactions into one balance sheet caption, “Assets acquired in refinancing transactions” and the related revenues from those assets into one revenue caption, “Income from assets acquired in refinancing transactions.”
The following table presents the components of the assets acquired in refinancing transactions:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2004 | | 2003 | |
Assets acquired in refinancing transactions (in thousands) | | | | | |
Securitized loans | | $ | 369,750 | | $ | 433,948 | |
Bonds | | 157,036 | | — | |
Asset-backed senior notes | | 89,913 | | 70,273 | |
Equity securities | | 15,659 | | — | |
Mortgage loans | | 77,462 | | — | |
Short term investments | | 27,749 | | — | |
Other | | 11,367 | | 912 | |
Total | | $ | 748,936 | | $ | 505,133 | |
Securitized loans are carried at cost, net of losses at the date of purchase. Income is recorded based on the effective yield method. The cash flows on the securitized loans, net of reinsurance, are monitored and the effective yield modified to reflect any change in the cash flow estimate on a prospective basis (see Note 23). Since the notes represent 100% of the debt capitalization of the trusts and since FSA maintains all the risk of further asset decline (except as provided by reinsurance) and maintains control over key decisions regarding the trusts (such as removal of the servicer, sale of the assets and liquidation of the entity), the trusts were consolidated with FSA for accounting purposes. FSA also consolidated the refinancing vehicles.
Asset-backed senior notes represent the Company’s purchase of less than 50% of a certain refinanced transaction. Asset-backed senior notes are carried at cost, with any reduction in carrying value recognized as an adjustment to yield.
Bonds and equity securities and mortgage loans represent liquidations of previously insured obligations and subsequent purchase of the underlying collateral. Bonds and equity securities are available for sale and carried at fair value. Mortgage loans are carried at net realizable value. Investment income is recorded as earned. Other-than-temporary impairments are reflected in earnings as a realized loss. At December 31, 2004, there were no securities in an unrealized loss position for a continuous 12-month period or longer. At December 31, 2004, the Company determined that no investments were considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
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Other assets consist primarily of real estate, prepaid assets and accrued interest.
The Company has recorded $753.6 million of notes payable to an affiliate at December 31, 2004 and $504.7 million at December 31, 2003. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 the Company recorded $24.8 million, $24.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively, of interest expense on the notes payable.
Principal payments due under these notes for each of the next four years ending December 31 and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
Expected Withdrawal Date | | Principal Amount | |
2005 | | $ | 73,732 | |
2006 | | 90,645 | |
2007 | | 115,813 | |
2008 | | 137,325 | |
2009 | | 68,488 | |
Thereafter | | 267,611 | |
Total | | $ | 753,614 | |
20. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Credit Default Swaps
The Company has insured a number of CDS with the expectation that these transactions will not be subject to a market value termination for which the Company would be liable. It considers these agreements to be a normal extension of its financial guaranty insurance business, although they are considered derivatives for accounting purposes. These agreements are recorded at fair value. The Company believes that the most meaningful presentation of the financial statement impact of these derivatives is to reflect premiums as installments are received, to record losses and loss adjustment expenses as incurred and to record changes in fair value as incurred. The Company recorded $69.1 million, $57.7 million and $35.0 million of net earned premium under these agreements for the years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002 respectively.
Changes in the fair value of CDS, which were gains of $56.4 million and $34.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 respectively, and losses of $50.2 million in 2002, were recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The Company included net par outstanding of $66.0 billion and $63.8 billion relating to these CDS transactions at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively, in the asset-backed balances in Note 13. The gains or losses recognized by recording these contracts at fair value are determined each quarter based on quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available then the determination of fair value is based on internally developed estimates. Management applies judgment when developing these estimates and considers factors such as current prices charged for similar agreements, performance of underlying assets, changes in internal shadow ratings, the level at which the deductible has been set and the Company’s ability to obtain reinsurance for its insured obligations. The Company does not believe that the fair value adjustments are an indication of potential claims under FSA’s guarantees. The average life of these contracts is 2.9 years. The inception to date gain (loss) on the CDS portfolio was $46.6 million at December 31, 2004 and $(9.8) million at December 31, 2003, and was recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities as applicable.
In August 2002, the single-corporate-name CDS program was terminated in exchange for paying termination costs of $43.0 million, $38.0 million of which was related to the Company’s exposure. The charge was included in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The Company enters into derivative contracts to manage interest-rate and foreign currency exposure in its VIE debt and VIE bond portfolio. The derivative contracts are recorded at fair value. These derivatives generally include interest-rate and currency swap agreements, which are primarily utilized to convert fixed-rate debt and investments into U.S. dollar floating-rate debt and investments. The gains and losses related to the fair value of derivatives are included in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments. The inception-to-date net unrealized gain on the
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outstanding derivatives held by the VIE’s was $570.8 million and $398.8 million at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively, was recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities as applicable.
21. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company adopted FIN 46 and consolidated for financial reporting purposes, effective July 1, 2003, FSA Global and Canadian Global. In addition, as a result of the Company obtaining control rights of another VIE, Premier, on July 1, 2003, the Company consolidated Premier beginning July 1, 2003. FIN 46R requires that, upon consolidation, the Company initially measure the VIE’s assets, liabilities and minority interest at their carrying amounts under existing GAAP as if the entity had been consolidated from the time the Company was considered its primary beneficiary (or parent). The increase in total assets and total liabilities related to the consolidation of these entities was $2.9 billion. Any differences upon consolidation were reflected as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle. The cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle for Canadian Global resulted in additional income of $4.8 million, net of income tax. There were no cumulative income statement effects from consolidating FSA Global and Premier.
FSA Global is managed as a “matched funding vehicle,” in which the proceeds from the issuance of FSA-guaranteed notes are invested in obligations having cash flows substantially matched to those of, and maturing prior to, such notes. In certain cases, investments of FSA Global consist of GICs issued by the GIC Affiliates. Similarly, Canadian Global and Premier have GICs issued by the GIC Affiliates in their investment portfolios. At December 31, 2004, $961.9 million was eliminated as a result of such consolidation. The Company’s management believes that the assets held by the VIEs, including those that are eliminated in consolidation, are beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership. All intercompany insured amounts between FSA and FSA Global and Canadian Global previously included in the Company’s outstanding exposure are excluded from the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for December 31, 2004 and 2003. During the third quarter of 2004, the majority of the assets and liabilities of Canadian Global were satisfied.
| | Twelve months ended December 31, 2004 | | Six months ended December 31, 2003 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | |
VIE net interest income | | $ | 74,286 | | $ | 31,076 | |
FSA’s net premiums earned on VIE’ bonds and debt | | (5,351 | ) | (2,690 | ) |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives | | 249,752 | | 192,040 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 318,687 | | $ | 220,426 | |
VIE net interest expense | | $ | 126,793 | | $ | 58,915 | |
Other operating expenses | | (825 | ) | 381 | |
Foreign exchange Loss | | 79,270 | | 118,269 | |
Total expenses | | $ | 205,238 | | $ | 177,565 | |
VIE Investments
All bonds in the VIE Portfolio are insured by FSA. The credit quality of the VIE Portfolio, without the benefit of FSA’s insurance, at December 31, 2004 was as follows:
Rating(1) | | Percent of Bonds | |
AAA | | 2.6 | % |
AA | | 5.3 | |
A | | 71.6 | |
BBB | | 20.5 | |
| | 100.0 | % |
(1) Ratings are based on the lower of Moody’s or S&P ratings available at December 31, 2004. Excludes VIE GICs. All VIE GICs are FSA-insured.
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The amortized cost and fair value of bonds in the VIE Portfolio were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2004 | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | |
| | (restated) | | | |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | | $ | 16,007 | | $ | 16,007 | |
Corporate securities | | 156,030 | | 157,990 | |
Foreign | | 56,077 | | 57,983 | |
Asset-backed securities(1) | | 1,114,375 | | 1,114,375 | |
Short-term investments | | 1,194 | | 1,194 | |
Total | | $ | 1,343,683 | | $ | 1,347,549 | |
December 31, 2003 | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | |
| | (restated) | | | |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | | $ | 16,200 | | $ | 16,200 | |
Corporate securities | | 175,118 | | 180,380 | |
Foreign | | 56,451 | | 61,207 | |
Asset-backed securities(1) | | 1,164,751 | | 1,164,751 | |
Short-term investments | | 11,102 | | 11,102 | |
Total | | $ | 1,423,622 | | $ | 1,433,640 | |
(1) Asset-backed securities consist of floating rate assets, which are valued using readily available quoted market prices or at amortized cost if there is no readily available valuation. Management believes that amortized cost closely approximates fair value for these securities.
The Company periodically monitors its investment portfolio for individual investments in an unrealized loss position in order to assess whether that investment is considered other-than-temporarily impaired. In each case, the Company determines the nature and cause of the decline and whether the Company maintains the ability and intent to hold the security until the unrealized loss may reverse or until maturity. At December 31, 2004, there were no securities in an unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2004, the Company determined that no investments were considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
The amortized cost and fair value of bonds in the VIE Portfolio at December 31, 2004, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | |
| | (restated) | | | |
Due in one year or less | | $ | 184,365 | | $ | 186,182 | |
Due after one year through five years | | 28,936 | | 30,985 | |
Due after five years through ten years | | — | | — | |
Due after ten years | | 16,007 | | 16,007 | |
Asset-backed securities (stated maturities of 1 to 18 years) | | 1,114,375 | | 1,114,375 | |
Total | | $ | 1,343,683 | | $ | 1,347,549 | |
At December 31, 2004, the interest rates on VIE Debt were between 1.12% and 7.75% per annum.
The amortized cost and fair value of GICs held within the VIE guaranteed investment portfolio were as follows (in thousands):
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| | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | |
Due in one year or less | | $ | 71,000 | | $ | 71,000 | |
Due after one year through five years | | 570,668 | | 570,668 | |
Due after five years through ten years | | 27,744 | | 27,744 | |
Due after ten years | | 292,513 | | 292,513 | |
Total | | $ | 961,925 | | $ | 961,925 | |
Payments due under the VIE Debt (including $1,331.0 million of interest accretion on zero coupon obligations) in each of the next five years ending December 31 and thereafter, are as follows (in thousands):
Year | | Principal Amount | |
| | (restated) | |
2005 | | $ | 206.4 | |
2006 | | 87.2 | |
2007 | | 565.3 | |
2008 | | 144.2 | |
2009 | | 20.2 | |
Thereafter | | 3,161.7 | |
Total | | $ | 4,185.0 | |
22. OTHER ASSETS
The detailed balances that comprise other assets at December 31, 2004 and 2003 are as follows (in thousands):
Other Assets: | | 2004 | | 2003 | |
| | (restated) | | (restated) | |
Fair value of VIE derivatives | | $ | 570,764 | | $ | 398,804 | |
VIE other invested assets | | 156,540 | | 150,410 | |
Tax and loss bonds | | 102,193 | | 85,512 | |
Accrued interest on VIE derivatives | | 99,794 | | 76,295 | |
Accrued interest income | | 50,632 | | 46,351 | |
Other assets | | 145,696 | | 169,085 | |
Total other assets | | $ | 1,125,619 | | $ | 926,457 | |
23. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In December 2003, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position 03-3: “Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer” (“SOP 03-3”). SOP 03-3 addresses accounting for differences between contractual cash flows and cash flows expected to be collected from an investor’s initial investment in loans or debt securities (loans) acquired in a transfer if those differences are attributable, at least in part, to credit quality. SOP 03-3 supersedes Practice Bulletin 6 for transactions entered into after the initial application of SOP 03-3. For loans acquired in fiscal years prior to the effective date of SOP 03-3 and within the scope of Practice Bulletin 6 (such as certain assets acquired via refinancing transactions, see Note 19), SOP 03-3 amends the application of Practice Bulletin 6 with regard to accounting for decreases in cash flows expected to be collected.
SOP 03-3 requires that the investor recognize the excess of all cash flows expected at acquisition over the investor’s initial investment in the loan as interest income on a level-yield basis over the life of the loan. SOP 03-3 prohibits investors from displaying differences from expected cash flows in the balance sheet. Subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected generally should be recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loan’s yield over its remaining life. Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected should be recognized as impairments.
SOP 03-3 is effective for loans acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2004. For loans acquired in fiscal years beginning on or before December 15, 2004 and that fall within the scope of Practice Bulletin 6 as it applies to
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decreases in cash flows expected to be collected, SOP 03-3 should be applied prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2004. Management believes that the implementation of SOP 03-3 will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123-R, “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123-R”). This Statement is a revision of SFAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and its related implementation guidance. SFAS 123-R requires entities to recognize compensation cost for all equity-classified awards after the effective date using the fair-value measurement method. SFAS 123-R is effective for interim or annual periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of SFAS 123-R is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
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