Exhibit 99.1
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
The selected consolidated financial data below is restated for the effects of FSP No. APB 14-1 and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 8-K. See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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In thousands, except per share amounts | | Year Ended December 31, | |
| 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
Statement of Operations Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net sales | | $ | 599,179 | | | $ | 592,510 | | | $ | 479,491 | | | $ | 420,097 | | | $ | 457,525 | |
Cost of sales(1) | | | 364,638 | | | | 346,090 | | | | 283,045 | | | | 274,903 | | | | 276,131 | |
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Gross profit | | | 234,541 | | | | 246,420 | | | | 196,446 | | | | 145,194 | | | | 181,394 | |
Total operating expenses(2) | | | 203,413 | | | | 191,707 | | | | 173,399 | | | | 191,752 | | | | 150,209 | |
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Operating income (loss) | | | 31,128 | | | | 54,713 | | | | 23,047 | | | | (46,558 | ) | | | 31,185 | |
Other income (expense), net(3) | | | (4,528 | ) | | | (486 | ) | | | (5,699 | ) | | | (19,662 | ) | | | (17,233 | ) |
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Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | | | 26,600 | | | | 54,227 | | | | 17,348 | | | | (66,220 | ) | | | 13,952 | |
Income tax expense(4) | | | 8,612 | | | | 8,077 | | | | 10,467 | | | | 22,071 | | | | 7,205 | |
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Income (loss) from continuing operations | | | 17,988 | | | | 46,150 | | | | 6,881 | | | | (88,291 | ) | | | 6,747 | |
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | (947 | ) | | | 302 | | | | 857 | |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax(5) | | | — | | | | 390 | | | | 3,335 | | | | — | | | | — | |
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Net income (loss) | | $ | 17,988 | | | $ | 46,540 | | | $ | 9,269 | | | $ | (87,989 | ) | | $ | 7,604 | |
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Basic income (loss) per share from continuing operations | | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 1.29 | | | $ | 0.20 | | | $ | (2.63 | ) | | $ | 0.20 | |
Basic income per share from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.07 | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.03 | |
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Basic net income (loss) per share | | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 1.30 | | | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | (2.62 | ) | | $ | 0.23 | |
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Diluted income (loss) per share from continuing operations | | $ | 0.48 | | | $ | 1.23 | | | $ | 0.20 | | | $ | (2.63 | ) | | $ | 0.20 | |
Diluted income per share from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.07 | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.02 | |
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Diluted net income (loss) per share | | $ | 0.48 | | | $ | 1.24 | | | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | (2.62 | ) | | $ | 0.22 | |
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Shares used in basic per share calculations | | | 36,766 | | | | 35,709 | | | | 33,818 | | | | 33,595 | | | | 33,253 | |
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Shares used in diluted per share calculations | | | 37,158 | | | | 40,725 | | | | 34,223 | | | | 33,595 | | | | 34,139 | |
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| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
Balance Sheet Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 146,521 | | | $ | 280,593 | | | $ | 110,656 | | | $ | 58,766 | | | $ | 112,162 | |
Working capital | | | 355,917 | | | | 434,558 | | | | 477,660 | | | | 327,789 | | | | 435,152 | |
Total assets | | | 832,172 | | | | 1,007,836 | | | | 837,561 | | | | 655,168 | | | | 839,837 | |
Current portion of convertible debt | | | — | | | | 189,395 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Convertible debt, net of current portion | | | 115,000 | | | | 115,000 | | | | 292,252 | | | | 195,253 | | | | 255,078 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 519,089 | | | | 493,708 | | | | 368,020 | | | | 321,326 | | | | 418,285 | |
(1) | Included in 2005 cost of sales was $14.2 million of inventory write-downs related to the closure of our Peabody, Massachusetts facility, the relocation and refocus of the product lines that were at that facility, a price adjustment on a product sale from that operation and capitalized software impairment charges related to certain semiconductor products. |
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(2) | Included in 2008 operating expenses was $4.3 million of restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance. |
Included in 2006 operating expenses were the following:
| • | | restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance charges of $12.6 million; |
| • | | merger costs of $0.5 million; |
| • | | asset impairment charges of $0.5 million; and |
| • | | a $1.5 million gain related to the sale of certain intellectual property rights to a privately-held company. |
Included in 2005 operating expenses were the following:
| • | | $25.4 million of asset impairment charges primarily related to semiconductor products and the write-off of all costs related to our ERP system as we determined that the future cost required to complete the ERP system did not justify the potential return; and |
| • | | $8.5 million of restructuring charges, primarily for severance, lease terminations and relocation expenses for the closure of our Peabody facility and consolidation of certain of our European facilities. |
Included in 2004 operating expenses was a $0.6 million charge for restructuring, reorganization and relocation.
(3) | Included in other income (expense), net in 2008 were the following: |
| • | | $18.4 million of unrealized losses on our auction rate securities (“ARS”) and a $17.9 million gain related to the fair value of the put right we received pursuant to an agreement we entered into with UBS Financial Services Inc. (“UBS”), the issuer of the ARS. The put right requires UBS to repurchase all of our ARS at par on or before June 30, 2010; |
| • | | a $1.3 million charge for ineffectiveness of certain of our cash flow hedges due to increased currency volatility; |
| • | | a $1.3 million gain related to the disposal of an insignificant sales subsidiary; and |
| • | | $6.3 million of non-cash interest expense related to our $150 million zero coupon convertible notes. |
Included in other income (expense), net in 2007 were the following:
| • | | a $0.5 million gain related to the disposal of one of our cost-method investments; |
| • | | a $0.5 million gain on the sale of a minority interest in a small technology company; and |
| • | | $11.8 million of non-cash interest expense related to our $150 million zero coupon convertible notes. |
Included in other income (expense), net in 2006 were the following:
| • | | interest expense of $0.5 million in the first half of 2006 related to the repurchase of $29.0 million face value of our 5.5% convertible notes; |
| • | | a $5.2 million gain related to the sale of our entire ownership interest in a privately-held company in the third quarter of 2006; |
| • | | a $3.9 million charge related to the write-off of our equity and debt investment in a privately-held company in the third quarter of 2006; and |
| • | | $10.8 million of non-cash interest expense related to our $150 million zero coupon convertible notes. |
Included in 2005 other income (expense), net was $6.4 million for realized losses on investments in privately-held companies and the write-down of certain of these investments for which we concluded an “other-than-temporary” impairment existed. It also included $9.8 million of non-cash interest expense related to our $150 million zero coupon convertible notes.
Included in 2004 other income (expense), net was $9.0 million of non-cash interest expense related to our $150 million zero coupon convertible notes.
(4) | Our 2008 tax provision reflected taxes on foreign earnings offset by a $1.5 million release of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as a result of the settlement of foreign tax audits and a tax benefit of $0.5 million related to the release of a valuation allowance recorded against net operating loss deferred tax assets utilized to offset income earned in the U.S. |
Our 2007 tax provision reflected taxes on foreign earnings offset by a $4.7 million release of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as a result of the settlement of foreign tax audits and a tax benefit of $5.3 million related to the release of a valuation allowance recorded against net operating loss deferred tax assets utilized to offset income earned in the U.S.
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Our 2006 tax provision consisted primarily of taxes accrued in foreign jurisdictions and reflects a benefit of $1.5 million related to the release of valuation allowances against a portion of U.S. deferred tax assets utilized during the period.
Our 2005 tax expense primarily consisted of $15.1 million in expense related to the establishment of valuation allowances against the U.S. deferred tax assets, which offset the benefit from U.S. net operating losses generated in 2005. Additionally, we had approximately $10.9 million of foreign tax expense, which was offset by a net current tax benefit of $4.1 million primarily related to tax audit settlements in the U.S.
(5) | Represents the gain on the sale of our Knights Technology assets. For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Discontinued Operations.” |
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
Cautionary Factors That May Affect Future Results
This Current Report on Form 8-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include any expectations of earnings, revenues, gross margins, non-operating expense, tax rates, net income or other financial items, as well as backlog, order levels and activity of our company as a whole or our particular markets; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, restructuring and outsourcing initiatives; factors that may affect our 2009 operating results; any statements concerning proposed new products, services, developments, changes to our restructuring reserves, our competitive position, hiring levels, sales and bookings or anticipated performance of products or services; any statements related to future capital expenditures; any statements related to the needs or expected growth of our target markets; any statement related to our ability to recognize value from the auction rate securities we hold; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; statements of belief; and any statement of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “appear” and other words and terms of similar meaning. From time to time, we also may provide oral or written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. The risks, uncertainties and assumptions referred to above include, but are not limited to, those discussed here and the risks discussed from time to time in our other public filings. All forward-looking statements included in this Current Report on Form 8-K are based on information available to us as of the date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Other factors also could adversely affect us.
Summary of Products and Segments
We are a leading supplier of instruments for nanoscale imaging, analysis and prototyping to enable research, development and manufacturing in a range of industrial, academic and research institutional applications. We report our revenue based on a market-focused organization: the Electronics market, the Research and Industry market, the Life Sciences market and the Service and Components market. During the first quarter of 2008, we renamed our markets, but did not reclassify any revenue categories between markets. Previously, the Electronics market was the NanoElectronics market; the Research and Industry market was the NanoResearch and Industry market; and the Life Sciences market was the NanoBiology market.
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Our products include focused ion beam systems, or FIBs; scanning electron microscopes, or SEMs; transmission electron microscopes, or TEMs; andDualBeam systems, which combine a FIB and SEM on a single platform.
OurDualBeam systems include models that have wafer handling capability and are purchased by semiconductor and data storage manufacturers (“wafer-levelDualBeamsystems”) and models that have small stages and are sold to customers in several markets (“small-stageDualBeamsystems”).
The Electronics market consists of customers in the semiconductor, data storage and related industries such as printers and microelectromechanical systems (“MEMs”). For the semiconductor market, our growth is driven by shrinking line widths and process nodes of 65 nanometers and smaller, the use of multiple layers of new materials such as copper and low-k dielectrics and increasing device complexity. Our products are used primarily in laboratories to speed new product development and increase yields by enabling 3D wafer metrology, defect analysis, root cause failure analysis and circuit edit for modifying device structures. In the data storage market, our products offer 3D metrology for thin film head processing and root cause failure analysis. Factors affecting our business include the transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording heads, rapidly increasing storage densities that require smaller recording heads, thinner geometries and materials that increase the complexity of device structures.
The Research and Industry market includes universities, public and private research laboratories and customers in a wide range of industries, including automobiles, aerospace, metals, mining and petrochemicals. Growth in these markets is driven by global corporate and government funding for research and development in materials science and by development of new products and processes based on innovations in materials at the nanoscale. Our solutions provide researchers and manufacturers with atomic-level resolution images and permit development, analysis and production of advanced products. Our products are also used in root cause failure analysis and quality control applications.
The Life Sciences market includes universities and research institutes engaged in biotech and life sciences applications, as well as pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device companies and hospitals. Our products’ ultra-high resolution imaging allows cell biologists and drug researchers to create detailed 3D reconstructions of complex biological structures. Our products are also used in particle analysis and a range of pathology and quality control applications.
Overview
Net sales increased to $599.2 million in 2008 compared to $592.5 million in 2007. Revenue increased in Research and Industry, Life Sciences and Service and Components and decreased in Electronics, as discussed in more detail below.
At December 31, 2008, our total backlog was $330.5 million compared to $310.8 million at December 31, 2007. Backlog consisted of product and service and components backlog of unfilled orders of $273.5 million and $57.0 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008 compared to $256.1 million and $54.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2007.
Outlook for 2009
In light of the difficult global economic environment, including unprecedented volatility in foreign exchange markets, forecasting for all of 2009 is particularly challenging. After achieving revenue growth of 23.6% in 2007 compared to 2006, and 1.1% in 2008 compared with 2007, it is likely that we will experience a decline in revenue in 2009. We expect Electronics revenue to continue to be depressed in 2009. The depressed Electronics revenue may not be offset by any potential growth in our other markets for 2009.
Our backlog of unfilled orders as we enter the year is at record levels, and historically we have not experienced significant volumes of order cancellations. As result, revenues in the first half of 2009 will likely be approximately equal to, or only somewhat below, 2008 levels. If global economic conditions continue to be poor and this affects total new orders in the first half of 2009, our revenues could decline more significantly in the second half of 2009.
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A significant portion of our revenue and expenses are denominated in euros. If the U.S. dollar continues to strengthen as it did in the second half of 2008, then our reported revenue would decline or grow more slowly. At the same time, our expenses would decline even more rapidly, improving operating income. Conversely, if the euro strengthens against the U.S. dollar, revenue would increase and expenses would increase more rapidly, reducing operating income. We are taking steps to create more naturally hedged positions, but, for 2009, the impact of currency movements are expected to generally be as described above.
Historically, our Research and Industry business has generally held up well in economic downturns, turning in flat revenue or even modest growth, as governments, institutions and corporations globally invest in research and product development. Depending on the severity of the current downturn or whether there are significant cuts in government spending, we could see a contraction in our Research and Industry business in general. In addition, the smaller Industrial portion of this segment could be negatively impacted by general economic weakness. Overall, we believe the global reach of our products and the multi-year budget cycles of many of our customers will provide a measure of downside protection. Presently, we expect continued growth in our Life Sciences business in 2009, although it will vary from quarter to quarter and we lack visibility into the second half of 2009. This is an emerging, research-oriented market for us, and we expect our revenue to continue to be positively affected by the introduction of the Titan Krios TEM in 2008. The Electronics segment, which includes semiconductor and data storage customers, is in the midst of a severe industry-wide downturn. Revenue for this segment is expected to decline in 2009. Despite the difficult environment, we believe we have the potential to demonstrate better performance than the semiconductor capital equipment industry as a whole, because of increased demand for our higher-resolution images as manufacturers move to smaller line widths and new processes, among other factors. Demand for service of our products is expected to grow modestly as our installed base of products grows. However, the current economic environment will most likely temper revenue growth in this segment.
We believe we hold leadership positions, both technologically and in the markets in which we compete, with our TEM andDualBeam products. In 2008, we introduced a SEM product that improves our relative competitive position significantly, although the difficult Electronics market has slowed its initial growth. Technology leadership is an important part of our strategy, and we believe it will help our performance relative to our competitors in 2009.
Our gross margins declined in 2008 after improvement in 2007 compared with 2006. Our goal is to generate margin improvement in 2009. We initiated a restructuring program during 2008 that includes elements related to lower costs from our suppliers, new outsourcing initiatives, more natural currency exposures, headcount reductions and improved systems. These programs are designed to help increase gross margins. In addition, many of our new products carry higher margins than older ones, and the higher-margin Electronics business has already declined as a portion of our business. Those two factors should help improve our product mix. Finally, a stronger U.S. dollar vs. the euro and the Czech koruna will also benefit gross margins. However, if revenues decline more rapidly than planned, it is unlikely that we will be able to improve gross margins due to fixed costs that cannot be significantly altered in the short term.
If the U.S. dollar continues at current exchange rates, or improves against the euro and Czech koruna in 2009, the growth in research and development and marketing spending will moderate because a large part of our research and development, marketing and management activities are located in Europe. In addition, we are severely restricting hiring as we enter 2009. Overall operating spending is expected to decline in 2009 compared with 2008.
Non-operating expense is expected to increase in 2009 due to significantly lower market interest rates and lower investable balances after the repayment of $196 million of outstanding debt in 2008. Increased volatility in foreign exchange markets also contributes to higher non-operating expense. Our annual tax rate of 32% in 2008 is expected to be approximately 26% in 2009.
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Our goal for 2009 is to increase net income over 2008 levels. However, the combination of potential revenue declines, a difficult economic environment and lower non-operating income may offset operating improvements, lower operating expenses and a more favorable exchange rate environment, potentially resulting in net income in 2009 that is below 2008 levels.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our statement of operations data as restated for the effects of the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1 as discussed in Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands):
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Net sales | | $ | 599,179 | | | $ | 592,510 | | | $ | 479,491 | |
Cost of sales | | | 364,638 | | | | 346,090 | | | | 283,045 | |
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Gross profit | | | 234,541 | | | | 246,420 | | | | 196,446 | |
Research and development | | | 70,378 | | | | 66,042 | | | | 57,528 | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 126,960 | | | | 124,160 | | | | 100,279 | |
Amortization of purchased technology | | | 1,808 | | | | 1,777 | | | | 2,034 | |
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs | | | 4,267 | | | | (272 | ) | | | 12,609 | |
Merger costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | 484 | |
Asset impairment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 465 | |
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Operating income | | | 31,128 | | | | 54,713 | | | | 23,047 | |
Other income (expense), net | | | (4,528 | ) | | | (486 | ) | | | (5,699 | ) |
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Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | 26,600 | | | | 54,227 | | | | 17,348 | |
Income tax expense | | | 8,612 | | | | 8,077 | | | | 10,467 | |
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Income from continuing operations | | | 17,988 | | | | 46,150 | | | | 6,881 | |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | (947 | ) |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | 390 | | | | 3,335 | |
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Net income | | $ | 17,988 | | | $ | 46,540 | | | $ | 9,269 | |
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The following table sets forth our statement of operations data as restated for the effects of the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1 as a percentage of net sales. See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
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| | Year Ended December 31,(1) | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Net sales | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
Cost of sales | | | 60.9 | | | | 58.4 | | | | 59.0 | |
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Gross profit | | | 39.1 | | | | 41.6 | | | | 41.0 | |
Research and development | | | 11.7 | | | | 11.1 | | | | 12.0 | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 21.2 | | | | 21.0 | | | | 20.9 | |
Amortization of purchased technology | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.4 | |
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs | | | 0.7 | | | | — | | | | 2.6 | |
Merger costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.1 | |
Asset impairment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.1 | |
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Operating income | | | 5.2 | | | | 9.2 | | | | 4.8 | |
Other income (expense), net | | | (0.8 | ) | | | (0.1 | ) | | | (1.2 | ) |
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Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | 4.4 | | | | 9.2 | | | | 3.6 | |
Income tax expense | | | 1.4 | | | | 1.4 | | | | 2.2 | |
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Income from continuing operations | | | 3.0 | | | | 7.8 | | | | 1.4 | |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | (0.2 | ) |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | 0.1 | | | | 0.7 | |
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Net income | | | 3.0 | % | | | 7.9 | % | | | 1.9 | % |
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(1) | Percentages may not add due to rounding. |
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Net sales increased $6.7 million, or 1.1%, to $599.2 million in 2008 compared to $592.5 million in 2007 and increased $113.0 million, or 23.6%, in 2007 compared to $479.5 million in 2006. The factors affecting net sales are discussed in more detail below.
Net Sales by Segment
Net sales by market segment (in thousands) and as a percentage of net sales were as follows:
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Electronics | | $ | 152,076 | | 25.4 | % | | $ | 198,663 | | 33.5 | % | | $ | 154,648 | | 32.3 | % |
Research and Industry | | | 238,615 | | 39.8 | % | | | 214,551 | | 36.2 | % | | | 165,067 | | 34.4 | % |
Life Sciences | | | 70,815 | | 11.8 | % | | | 51,874 | | 8.8 | % | | | 40,928 | | 8.5 | % |
Service and Components | | | 137,673 | | 23.0 | % | | | 127,422 | | 21.5 | % | | | 118,848 | | 24.8 | % |
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| | $ | 599,179 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 592,510 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 479,491 | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Electronics
The $46.6 million, or 23.5%, decrease in Electronics sales in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to global softness for semiconductor capital spending. The softness in the semiconductor industry resulted in fewer large wafer-levelDualBeam and high-end TEM shipments.
The $44.0 million, or 28.5%, increase in Electronics sales in 2007 compared to 2006 was due to increases in the number of TEM and small-stageDualBeam system units sold. We achieved increased penetration of TEM sales due to higher resolution image requirements from customers. The increase in small-stageDualBeam systems was due to continued adoption of new products. Sales in the Electronics segment moderated in the third and fourth quarters of 2007 as compared to the first two quarters of 2007 due to a cyclical decline in semiconductor capital spending.
Research and Industry
The $24.1 million, or 11.2%, increase in Research and Industry sales in 2008 compared to 2007 was due primarily to continued strength in shipments to global nanotechnology research centers and increased shipments of our TEM products.
The $49.5 million, or 30.0%, increase in Research and Industry sales in 2007 compared to 2006 was due primarily to increases in the number of SEM and small-stageDualBeam system units sold as nanotechnology research strengthened. In addition, we had strong customer demand in this market for our high-end TEMs, including theTitan, other new SEM products and small-stageDualBeam products introduced in the last two years.
Life Sciences
The $18.9 million, or 36.5%, increase in Life Sciences sales in 2008 compared to 2007 was due primarily to an increase in shipments of TEMs.
The $10.9 million, or 26.7%, increase in Life Sciences sales in 2007 compared to 2006 was due primarily to an increase in the number of TEM units sold as the adoption of TEM technology increased in life sciences research applications.
Service and Components
The $10.3 million, or 8.0%, increase in Service and Components sales in 2008 compared to 2007 was due primarily to a higher volume of service contracts as our installed base continues to grow. Component sales include sales of individual components as well as equipment refurbishment.
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The $8.6 million, or 7.2%, increase in Service and Component sales in 2007 compared to 2006 was due primarily to a larger installed base and the fact that the installed base had newer, higher-priced tools, which typically carry higher-priced service contracts. Component sales decreased $0.6 million, or 7.9%, in 2007 compared to 2006, primarily due to weakness in the Electronics market in the second half of 2007 and the timing of orders and shipments.
Net Sales by Geographic Region
A significant portion of our net sales has been derived from customers outside of the U.S., which we expect to continue. The following table shows our net sales by geographic location (dollars in thousands):
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| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
North America | | $ | 204,541 | | 34.1 | % | | $ | 230,413 | | 38.9 | % | | $ | 167,389 | | 34.9 | % |
Europe | | | 251,282 | | 42.0 | % | | | 218,091 | | 36.8 | % | | | 187,229 | | 39.0 | % |
Asia-Pacific Region | | | 143,356 | | 23.9 | % | | | 144,006 | | 24.3 | % | | | 124,873 | | 26.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 599,179 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 592,510 | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 479,491 | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
North America
The $25.9 million, or 11.2%, decrease in sales to North America in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to the decline in our Electronics market sales, which was related to the general slow-down in global semiconductor capital spending.
Sales in North America increased $63.0 million, or 37.7%, in 2007 compared to 2006. This increase was primarily due to strong bookings in 2006, which resulted in increased shipments in 2007, improved sales efforts in North America in 2007 following the reorganization of our sales management team in North America in 2005, as well as a generally strong market for our tools. In addition, 2007 sales were positively affected by the utilization of backlog during the year.
Europe
The $33.2 million, or 15.2%, increase in sales to Europe in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to strong sales of our high-end research tools, especially our TEMs. In addition, the change in the valuation of the European currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar during 2008 increased European sales in 2008 by approximately $16.1 million as compared to 2007.
Sales in Europe increased $30.9 million, or 16.5%, in 2007 compared to 2006. The development of several nanoresearch centers in the European region contributed to the increase. We also focused on increasing the number of indirect sales agents and distributors, which contributed to the increase in sales in both existing and emerging markets. The change in the valuation of the European currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar during 2007 increased European sales in 2007 by approximately $17.1 million as compared to 2006.
Asia-Pacific Region
The $0.7 million, or 0.5%, decrease in sales to the Asia-Pacific region in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to declines in Electronics sales being partially offset by increases in Research and Industry and Life Sciences sales. In addition, the change in the valuation of currencies within the Asia-Pacific region in relation to the U.S. dollar during 2008 increased Asia-Pacific sales in 2008 by approximately $7.3 million as compared to 2007.
Sales in the Asia-Pacific region increased $19.1 million, or 15.3%, in 2007 compared to 2006. This increase was primarily due to higher unit sales, primarily in Japan and China. We also realized initial benefits from our investment in additional sales and service resources in 2007 in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Cost of Sales and Gross Margin
Our gross margin (gross profit as a percentage of net sales) by segment was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Electronics | | 47.5 | % | | 51.8 | % | | 49.2 | % |
Research and Industry | | 40.7 | % | | 41.5 | % | | 42.5 | % |
Life Sciences | | 37.7 | % | | 39.8 | % | | 40.7 | % |
Service and Components | | 28.0 | % | | 26.6 | % | | 28.2 | % |
Overall | | 39.1 | % | | 41.6 | % | | 41.0 | % |
Cost of sales includes manufacturing costs, such as materials, labor (both direct and indirect) and factory overhead, as well as all of the costs of our customer service function such as labor, materials, travel and overhead. We see five primary drivers affecting gross margin: product mix (including the effect of price competition), volume, cost reduction efforts, competitive pricing pressure and currency fluctuations.
Cost of sales increased $18.5 million, or 5.4%, to $364.6 million in 2008 compared to $346.1 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to increased sales in 2008, the impact of higher costs of products produced in Europe due to the stronger euro for a majority of the year and a shift to a larger quantity of higher-cost TEMs and SEMs shipped in 2008 compared to 2007. The change in the valuation of European currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar during 2008 increased cost of sales by approximately $32.5 million in 2008 compared to 2007.
The net effect on our gross margin from the effect of the change in the valuation of currencies on our net sales and cost of sales in 2008 was a decrease to our gross margin percentage of approximately 3.2 percentage points.
Cost of sales increased $63.1 million, or 22.3%, to $346.1 million in 2007 compared to $283.0 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to the increase in revenue discussed above, although cost of sales as a percentage of revenue decreased slightly, partially offsetting these increases. In addition, the change in the valuation of European currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar during 2007 increased cost of sales by approximately $19.6 million in 2007.
The net effect on our gross margin from the effect of the change in valuation of currencies on our net sales and cost of sales in 2007 was an approximately $2.6 million decrease, which decreased our gross margin percentage by approximately 1.7 percentage points. Offsetting the negative currency effects were approximately $5.0 million of cash flow hedge gains recorded in cost of sales, which improved gross margins by approximately one percentage point.
Electronics
The decrease in Electronics gross margins in 2008 compared to 2007 was due primarily to the negative impact of the strengthening of the euro and Czech koruna on our costs of products produced in Europe and a shift in product mix to fewer semiconductor-related high-end TEM and wafer-levelDualBeam tools for the data storage market.
The increase in Electronics gross margins in 2007 compared to 2006 was due primarily to the sale of more high-end systems, such as the data storageCertus DualBeamproduct, high-end TEM units and new small-stageDualBeam products.
Research and Industry
The decrease in Research and Industry gross margin in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to the negative impact of the strengthening of the euro and Czech koruna during the first three quarters of 2008 on our costs of products produced in Europe. These factors were partially offset by a shift in product mix to more higher-end TEM tools.
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The decrease in the Research and Industry gross margin in 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to pricing pressure on our SEM and lower-end TEM systems and costs to ramp production of our newPhenom product, partially offset by a shift in product mix to more high-end TEMs and small-stageDualBeam units.
Life Sciences
The decrease in the Life Sciences gross margins in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to the negative impact of the strengthening of the euro and Czech koruna during the first three quarters of 2008 on our costs of products produced in Europe, as well as a shift in TEM product mix.
The decrease in the Life Sciences gross margin in 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to pricing pressures on our lower-end TEM and SEM systems. These factors were partially offset by the sale of more high-end TEM products, which have higher gross margins than other products within this segment.
Service and Components
The increase in the Service and Components gross margin in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to improvements in parts usage, partially offset by an increase in labor costs in Europe as we realigned our European operations to service higher-end units. In addition, we gained efficiencies as revenues grew.
The decrease in the Service and Components gross margin in 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to increased headcount and travel costs, partially offset by higher revenues from a larger installed base.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development (“R&D”) costs include labor, materials, overhead and payments to third parties for research and development of new products and new software or enhancements to existing products and software. These costs are presented net of subsidies received for such efforts. During the 2008 and 2007 periods, we received subsidies from European governments for technology developments specifically in the areas of semiconductor and life science equipment.
R&D costs were $70.4 million (11.7% of net sales) in 2008, $66.0 million (11.1% of net sales) in 2007 and $57.5 million (12.0% of net sales) in 2006.
R&D costs are reported net of subsidies and were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Gross spending | | $ | 74,238 | | | $ | 70,058 | | | $ | 61,420 | |
Less subsidies | | | (3,860 | ) | | | (4,016 | ) | | | (3,892 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net expense | | $ | 70,378 | | | $ | 66,042 | | | $ | 57,528 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The $4.4 million increase in R&D costs in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to a $3.2 million increase in labor and related costs due mainly to the currency impact of the weaker dollar during most of 2008.
The $8.5 million increase in R&D costs in 2007 compared to 2006 was due to a $1.2 million increase in project spending in North America and Europe, a $4.2 million increase in labor and related costs, including stock-based compensation, due to headcount additions, increased contractors, annual pay raises and increased bonus accruals and a $3.2 million increase related to currency fluctuations.
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We anticipate that we will continue to invest in R&D at a similar percentage of revenue for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, as revenues increase, we currently anticipate that R&D expenditures also will increase. Actual future spending, however, will depend on market conditions.
Selling, General and Administrative Costs
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) costs include labor, travel, outside services and overhead incurred in our sales, marketing, management and administrative support functions. SG&A costs also include sales commissions paid to our employees as well as to our agents.
SG&A costs were $127.0 million (21.2% of net sales) in 2008, $124.2 million (21.0% of net sales) in 2007 and $100.3 million (20.9% of net sales) in 2006.
The $2.8 million increase in SG&A costs in 2008 compared to 2007 was due primarily to a $3.0 million increase in overall labor and related costs as a result of increased sales force headcount and a $4.8 million increase due to the change in the valuation of foreign currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar during 2008, offset by a $4.5 million decrease related to variable incentive compensation expenses and lower consulting and corporate costs.
The $23.9 million increase in SG&A costs in 2007 compared to 2006 was due primarily to a $12.8 million increase in labor and related costs, which includes stock-based compensation expense, a $4.8 million increase in agent commissions and other selling costs and a $2.8 million increase in legal and accounting expenses. These increases were primarily due to increases in headcount, as we are adding to our global sales force, and higher sales in 2007 compared to 2006. SG&A in 2007 was also affected by a $3.5 million increase related to currency fluctuations.
Merger Costs
Merger costs of $0.5 million in 2006 related to legal expenses and Board of Directors’ costs incurred for activities related to a merger proposal. The discussions related to the proposed transaction were terminated in the first quarter of 2006.
Amortization of Purchased Technology
Amortization of purchased technology was $1.8 million in 2008, $1.8 million in 2007 and $2.0 million in 2006. Our purchased technology balance at December 31, 2008 was $1.3 million and current amortization of purchased technology is approximately $0.5 million per quarter, which could increase if we acquire additional technology.
Asset Impairment
We had no asset impairment charges in 2008 or 2007.
Asset impairment charges of $0.5 million in 2006 were primarily for the write-off of the remaining costs related to the abandonment of our ERP system, which were incurred during the first quarter of 2006.
Restructuring, Reorganization, Relocation and Severance
The $4.3 million of restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance expense in 2008 related to our April 2008 restructuring plan. We expect to incur approximately an additional $2.7 to $4.7 million related to the implementation of this plan in 2009, for total charges of between $7.0 million to $9.0 million. We expect some portion of these expenses will fall within SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” Some of the expenses, however, may not fall within the specific requirements of SFAS No. 146. We are undertaking the restructuring with the aim of improving the efficiency of our operations and improving the currency balance in our supply chain so that more of our
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costs are denominated in dollar or dollar-linked currencies. These actions are expected to reduce operating expenses, improve our factory utilization and help offset the effect of a weakened dollar on our cost of goods sold.
The net $0.3 million expense reversal of restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs in 2007 related to favorable buyouts of our Peabody lease, offset by changes in estimates incorporated into our restructuring accrual related to our ability to sublease certain abandoned facilities under lease.
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance in 2006 included a charge of $3.3 million for facilities and severance charges related to the closure of certain of our European field offices, closure of a research and development facility in Tempe, Arizona, as well as residual costs related to the Peabody, Massachusetts plant closure and the downsizing of the related semiconductor businesses.
Effective April 1, 2006, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) was terminated. Our CEO was a party to an existing Executive Severance Agreement dated February 1, 2002. In accordance with this agreement, in the first quarter of 2006, we recorded a charge of $9.3 million, of which $2.2 million related to the cash severance payments and $7.1 million related to the non-cash expense associated with the fair market value of modified stock options.
For information regarding the related accrued liability, see Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense) items include interest income, interest expense, foreign currency gains and losses and other miscellaneous items.
Interest income represents interest earned on cash and cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities. Interest income was $14.4 million in 2008, $22.4 million in 2007 and $13.2 million in 2006.
The decrease in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to a decrease in our invested balances, due to $45.9 million of payments in the first quarter of fiscal 2008 to repay the remaining balance on our 5.5% convertible notes and $149.4 million of payments, including premiums, in the second and third quarters of fiscal 2008 to repay principal on our $150.0 million zero coupon convertible notes and much lower interest rates.
The increase in 2007 compared to 2006 resulted from an increase in our invested balances, primarily due to cash generated by operations, as well as from the net proceeds from our sale of $115.0 million principal amount of 2.875% convertible debt in May 2006.
Interest expense in 2008, 2007 and 2006 included non-cash interest of $6.3 million, $11.8 million and $10.8 million, respectively, related to the effects of the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. See Note 24 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Form 8-K. Interest expense for 2008, 2007 and 2006 also included interest expense related to our $115.0 million principal amount of 2.875% convertible notes. Interest expense in 2007 and 2006 also included interest related to our 5.5% convertible notes issued in August 2001, which were repaid in full in January 2008. The amortization of capitalized note issuance costs related to our convertible note issuances is also included as a component of interest expense in all years.
Interest expense in 2008 included $0.2 million of premiums and commissions paid on the repurchase of the remaining $45.9 million of our 5.5% convertible notes as well as the write-off of $0.1 million of related deferred note issuance costs and $0.4 million of premiums and commissions paid on the repurchase of $148.9 million principal amount of our $150.0 million zero coupon convertible notes as well as the write-off of $0.2 million of related deferred note issuance costs.
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Interest expense in 2006 included premiums and commissions paid on the repurchase of a portion of our 5.5% convertible subordinated notes as well as the write-off of deferred note issuance costs totaling $0.5 million.
Assuming no additional note repurchases, amortization of our remaining convertible note issuance costs will total approximately $0.1 million per quarter through the second quarter of 2013.
Other, net primarily consists of foreign currency gains and losses on transactions and realized and unrealized gains and losses on the changes in fair value of derivative contracts entered into to hedge these transactions.
Other, net in 2008 included a loss of $1.3 million related to ineffectiveness of certain of our cash flow hedges due to increased currency volatility and a $1.3 million gain related to the disposal of an insignificant sales subsidiary. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we classified our auction rate securities (“ARS”) as trading securities and, therefore, recognized an $18.4 million unrealized loss due to a decline in the fair market value of the ARS. Offsetting this loss was a $17.9 million gain related to the fair value of a put right we received pursuant to an agreement we entered into with UBS Financial Services Inc. (“UBS”), the issuer of the ARS. This put right requires UBS to repurchase all of our ARS at par on or before June 30, 2010. See Liquidity and Capital Resources below for more info.
Other, net in 2007 included a $0.5 million gain related to the disposal of one of our cost-method investments and a $0.5 million gain for the final escrow payment on the sale of a minority interest in a small technology company.
Other, net included a charge of $3.9 million in 2006 related to impairment charges and realized losses of certain of our cost-method investments. Additionally, in 2006, we recorded a $5.2 million gain related to the sale of one of our cost-method investments.
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, we did not have any significant cost-method investments on our balance sheet.
Income Tax Expense
We recorded a tax provision of $8.6 million, $8.1 million and $10.5 million, respectively, in 2008, 2007 and 2006, which reflected an effective tax rate of 32.4%, 14.9% and 60.3%, respectively, and reflect the effects of the non-deductible, non-cash interest expense recorded upon adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements elsewhere in this Form 8-K for more information regarding the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1.
Our 2008 tax provision on income from continuing operations reflected taxes on foreign earnings offset by a $1.5 million release of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as a result of the settlement of foreign tax audits and a tax benefit of $0.5 million related to the release of a valuation allowance recorded against net operating losses used to offset income earned in the U.S. We continue to record a valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets, as we do not believe it is more likely than not that we will be able to utilize the deferred tax assets in future periods.
Our 2007 tax provision on income from continuing operations reflected taxes on foreign earnings offset by a $4.7 million release of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as a result of the settlement of foreign tax audits and a tax benefit of $5.3 million related to the release of valuation allowances recorded against net operating loss deferred tax assets utilized to offset income earned in the U.S.
Our 2006 tax provision consisted primarily of taxes accrued in foreign jurisdictions and reflects a benefit of $1.5 million related to the release of valuation allowances against a portion of U.S. deferred tax assets utilized during the period.
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As of December 31, 2008, unrecognized tax benefits were $18.4 million and related primarily to uncertainty surrounding intercompany pricing and permanent establishment. All unrecognized tax benefits would decrease the effective tax rate if recognized.
Our net deferred tax assets totaled $0.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008 and 2007. Valuation allowances on deferred tax assets totaled $42.8 million and $39.5 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Our effective tax rate may differ from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily as a result of the effects of state and foreign income taxes, research and experimentation tax credits earned in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, adjustments to our unrecognized tax benefits and our ability or inability to utilize various carry forward tax items. In addition, our effective income tax rate may be affected by changes in statutory tax rates and laws in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions and other factors.
Discontinued Operations
In the fourth quarter of 2006, we sold the assets and operations related to Knights Technology, which was a consolidated subsidiary, and recognized a gain on the disposal of the discontinued operations of $3.3 million and received cash proceeds of $7.8 million. In the first quarter of 2007, we recognized an additional $0.1 million gain related to post-closing adjustments for working capital items. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2007, we recognized an additional $0.3 million gain related to the release of certain acquisition contingency accruals, as well as to amounts that had been held in escrow and subsequently paid to us once all contingencies surrounding the transaction were resolved. All historical statement of operations data has been restated to reflect the discontinued operations.
Certain financial information related to discontinued operations was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, | | 2007 | | 2006 | |
Revenue | | $ | — | | $ | 5,245 | |
Pre-tax (loss) income | | | — | | | (905 | ) |
Income tax expense | | | — | | | 42 | |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | | | 390 | | | 3,335 | |
Amount of goodwill and other intangible assets disposed of | | | �� | | | 3,133 | |
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our sources of liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2008 consisted of $190.4 million of cash, cash equivalents, short-term restricted cash and short-term investments, $94.1 million in non-current investments, $34.8 million of long-term restricted cash, $100.0 million available under revolving credit facilities, as well as potential future cash flows from operations. Restricted cash relates to deposits to secure bank guarantees for customer prepayments that expire through 2013.
At December 31, 2008, we held ARS with a fair value of $91.7 million, which are included on our balance sheet at fair value as non-current investments in marketable securities. The par value of these securities was $110.1 million at December 31, 2008. The ARS held by us have long-term stated maturities for which the interest rates are reset through a Dutch auction, which generally occurs every 28 days. The auctions have historically provided a liquid market for these securities as investors could readily sell their investments at auction.
With the liquidity issues experienced in global credit and capital markets, the ARS held by us have experienced multiple failed auctions, beginning on February 19, 2008, as the amount of securities submitted for sale has exceeded the amount of purchase orders. We expect that the market for these securities will remain illiquid until the securities are either redeemed or mature. Accordingly, during the first quarter of 2008, we reclassified our ARS to non-current investments in marketable securities from short-term investments in marketable securities.
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All of the ARS held by us continue to carry AAA ratings, have not experienced any payment defaults and are backed by student loans, some of which are guaranteed under the Federal Family Education Loan Program of the U.S. Department of Education (“USDE”).
On November 6, 2008 (the “Acceptance Date”), we entered into a settlement agreement (the “Agreement”) with UBS, the issuer of the ARS, pursuant to which UBS would repurchase all of our ARS at par on or before June 30, 2010. By accepting the terms of the settlement, we (1) received the non-transferable right (“Put Right”) to sell our ARS at par value to UBS on or before June 30, 2010, and (2) gave UBS the right to purchase the ARS from us at any time after the Acceptance Date as long as we receive the par value.
We expect to sell the ARS under the Put Right. However, if the Put Right is not exercised on or before June 30, 2010, it will expire and UBS will have no further rights or obligation to buy the ARS. Furthermore, UBS’s obligations under the Put Right are not secured by its assets and do not require UBS to obtain any financing to support its performance obligations under the Put Right. UBS has disclaimed any assurance that it will have sufficient financial resources to satisfy its obligations under the Put Right.
The Agreement covers $110.1 million par value (fair value of $91.7 million) of the ARS held by us as of December 31, 2008. We consider the Put Right to be a freestanding financial instrument and we have accounted for it separately from the ARS. We believe the Put Right does not meet the definition of a derivative under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,”as the Put Right is non-transferrable and not considered by us to be readily convertible into cash. We also believe that, since the Put Right does not qualify as a derivative, it is not within the scope of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” We have elected the fair value option to account for the Put Right pursuant to SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,”and have recorded the instrument as an asset of approximately $17.9 million on our balance sheet in other long-term assets as of December 31, 2008 with a corresponding gain recorded in other income, net.
Simultaneously, we made an election under SFAS No. 115 to transfer our ARS from available-for-sale to trading securities. The transfer to trading securities reflects our intent to exercise the Put Right on June 30, 2010. Prior to entering into the Agreement, our intent was to hold the ARS until the market recovered. At the time of the transfer, the unrealized loss on the ARS for the first three quarters of 2008 of $11.7 million included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was immediately recognized in earnings, as a component of other income, net. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we recognized an additional decline in fair value of $6.7 million, included in other income, net for a total unrealized loss of $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
We estimated the fair value of our ARS using a discounted cash flow model where we compared the expected rate of interest received on the ARS to similar securities. We discounted the securities over a three to ten year term depending on the collateral underlying each ARS. The amounts derived through the discounted cash flow model were generally consistent with the quoted price indicated by the bank which holds our ARS at December 31, 2008.
We calculated the fair value of the Put Right based on the net present value of the difference between the par value and the fair market value of the ARS on December 31, 2008, using an eighteen month option period through the settlement date discounted by the credit default rate of UBS, the issuer. We will reassess the fair values in future reporting periods based on several factors, including continued failure of auctions, failure of investments to be redeemed, deterioration of credit ratings of investments, overall market risk, and other factors. Subsequent changes in fair value will be recorded as a component of other income, net.
We believe that we have sufficient cash resources and available credit lines, even if the ARS we hold remain illiquid until June 30, 2010, to meet our expected operational and capital needs for at least the next twelve months from December 31, 2008.
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In 2008, cash and cash equivalents and short-term restricted cash decreased $144.1 million to $157.5 million as of December 31, 2008 from $301.6 million as of December 31, 2007 primarily as a result of $45.9 million used for the repayment in full of our 5.5% convertible notes, $149.4 million used for the repayment of a majority of the principal amount of our $150.0 million zero coupon subordinated convertible notes, including premiums, $13.5 million used for the purchase of property, plant and equipment and a $6.2 million unfavorable effect of exchange rate changes. These factors were partially offset by $54.5 million provided by operations, the net redemption of $18.6 million of marketable securities and $14.1 million of proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options.
Accounts receivable decreased $17.4 million to $139.7 million as of December 31, 2008 from $157.1 million as of December 31, 2007, primarily due to improved collections. The December 31, 2008 balance also included a $3.9 million decrease related to changes in currency exchange rates. Our days sales outstanding, calculated on a quarterly basis, was 84 days at December 31, 2008 compared to 95 days at December 31, 2007.
Inventories increased $2.8 million to $141.6 million as of December 31, 2008 compared to $138.8 million as of December 31, 2007. The increase primarily was due to timing of shipments and product mix, partially offset by a decrease due to currency movements of approximately $5.0 million. Our annualized inventory turnover rate, calculated on a quarterly basis, was 2.5 times for the quarter ended December 31, 2008 and 2.6 times for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment of $13.5 million in 2008 primarily consisted of expenditures for machinery and equipment, including instruments used for demonstration as part of our marketing programs. We expect to continue to invest in capital equipment, demonstration systems and R&D equipment for applications development. We estimate our total capital expenditures in 2009 to be approximately $20 to $25 million, primarily for the development and introduction of new products, demonstration equipment and upgrades and incremental improvements to our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system.
Other assets, net of $33.2 million at December 31, 2008 included the value of a put right, which was $17.9 million at December 31, 2008. See “Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates” below.
Accounts payable increased $3.8 million to $35.0 million as of December 31, 2008 compared to $31.2 million as of December 31, 2007. The increase resulted primarily from the timing of payments related to inventory purchases.
Accrued payroll liabilities decreased $7.6 million to $19.2 million as of December 31, 2008 compared to $26.8 million as of December 31, 2007. The decrease resulted primarily from lower required accruals for profit sharing and variable compensation programs for management personnel at December 31, 2008 as compared to December 31, 2007.
Other liabilities increased $3.7 million to $42.3 million as of December 31, 2008 compared to $38.6 million as of December 31, 2007. The increase resulted primarily from a $1.5 million increase in deferred maintenance revenue as a result of more contracts in France and Germany, offset by amortization on existing contracts, and a $2.5 million increase in our non-current tax liability as a result of additional unrecognized tax benefits recorded during the period, partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in deferred compensation.
We have a $100.0 million secured revolving credit facility, including a $50.0 million subfacility for the issuance of letters of credit. We may, upon notice to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., request to increase the revolving loan commitments by an aggregate amount of up to $50 million with new or additional commitments subject only to the consent of the lender(s) providing the new or additional commitments, for a total secured credit facility of up to $150.0 million. We also have a 50.0 million yen unsecured and uncommitted bank borrowing facility in Japan and various limited facilities in select foreign countries. We
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mitigate credit risk by transacting with highly rated counterparties. We have evaluated the credit and non-performance risks associated with our lenders and believe them to be insignificant. No amounts were outstanding under any of these facilities as of December 31, 2008.
As part of our contracts with certain customers, we are required to provide letters of credit or bank guarantees which these customers can draw against in the event we do not perform in accordance with our contractual obligations. At December 31, 2008, we had $46.5 million of these guarantees and letters of credit outstanding, of which approximately $45.8 million were secured by restricted cash deposits. Restricted cash balances securing bank guarantees that expire within 12 months of the balance sheet date are recorded as a current asset on our consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash balances securing bank guarantees that expire beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date are recorded as long-term restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheet.
CONTRACTUAL PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
A summary of our contractual commitments and obligations as of December 31, 2008 was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments Due By Period |
Contractual Obligation | | Total | | 2009 | | 2010 and 2011 | | 2012 and 2013 | | 2014 and beyond |
Convertible Debt | | $ | 115,000 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 115,000 | | $ | — |
Convertible Debt Interest | | | 14,614 | | | 3,306 | | | 6,613 | | | 4,695 | | | — |
Letters of Credit and Bank Guarantees | | | 46,465 | | | 11,568 | | | 727 | | | 252 | | | 33,918 |
Purchase Order Commitments | | | 30,992 | | | 30,992 | | | — | | | — | | | — |
Pension Related Obligations | | | 1,543 | | | 25 | | | 107 | | | 129 | | | 1,282 |
Deferred Compensation Liability | | | 2,418 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,418 |
Capital Leases | | | 3,573 | | | 1,426 | | | 1,832 | | | 315 | | | — |
Operating Leases | | | 53,236 | | | 6,161 | | | 11,491 | | | 10,195 | | | 25,389 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 267,841 | | $ | 53,478 | | $ | 20,770 | | $ | 130,586 | | $ | 63,007 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
We also have other liabilities of $18.4 million relating to uncertain tax positions. However, as we are unable to reliably estimate the timing of future payments related to the uncertain tax positions, we have excluded this amount from the table above.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 8-K.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND THE USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
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Significant accounting policies and estimates underlying the accompanying consolidated financial statements include:
| • | | the timing of revenue recognition; |
| • | | the allowance for doubtful accounts; |
| • | | valuations of excess and obsolete inventory; |
| • | | valuation of investments in privately-held companies; |
| • | | the lives and recoverability of equipment and other long-lived assets such as goodwill and existing technology intangibles; |
| • | | restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs; |
| • | | accounting for income taxes; |
| • | | stock-based compensation; |
| • | | accounting for derivatives; |
| • | | valuation of investments in ARS; and |
| • | | valuation of UBS put right. |
It is reasonably possible that the estimates we make may change in the future.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of a contractual arrangement exits, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the seller’s price to buyer is fixed and determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured.
For products demonstrated to meet our published specifications, revenue is recognized when the title to the product and the risks and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. The portion of revenue related to installation and final acceptance, of which the estimated fair value is generally 4% of the total revenue of the transaction, is deferred until such installation and final customer acceptance are completed. For products produced according to a particular customer’s specifications, revenue is recognized when the product meets the customer’s specifications and when the title and the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer. In each case, the portion of revenue applicable to installation and customer acceptance is recognized upon meeting specifications at the installation site. For new applications of our products where performance cannot be assured prior to meeting specifications at the installation site, no revenue is recognized until such specifications are met.
For sales arrangements containing multiple elements (products or services), revenue relating to undelivered elements is deferred at the estimated fair value until delivery of the deferred elements. To be considered a separate element, the product or service in question must represent a separate unit under accounting rules and fulfill the following criteria: the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a standalone basis; there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item(s); and, if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If the arrangement does not meet all criteria above, the entire amount of the transaction is deferred until all elements are delivered.
We provide maintenance and support services under renewable, term maintenance agreements. Maintenance and support fee revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual term, which is generally 12 months, and commences from contract date.
Revenue from time and materials based service arrangements is recognized as the service is performed. Spare parts revenue is generally recognized upon shipment.
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Deferred revenue represents customer deposits on equipment orders, orders awaiting customer acceptance and prepaid service contract revenue. Deferred revenue is recognized in accordance with our revenue recognition policies described above.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on collection experience and known trends with current customers. The large number of entities comprising our customer base and their dispersion across many different industries and geographies somewhat mitigates our credit risk exposure and the magnitude of our allowance for doubtful accounts. Our estimates of the allowance for doubtful accounts are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. Changes to the reserve may occur based upon changes in revenue levels and associated balances in accounts receivable and estimated changes in individual customers’ credit quality. Historically, we have not incurred significant write-offs of accounts receivable, however, an individual loss could be significant due to the relative size of our sales transactions. Our bad debt expense totaled $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in 2008, 2007 and 2006. Our allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $3.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Valuation of Excess and Obsolete Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined by standard cost methods, which approximate the first-in, first-out method. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Inventory is reviewed for obsolescence and excess quantities on a quarterly basis, based on estimated future use of quantities on hand, which is determined based on past usage, planned changes to products and known trends in markets and technology. Changes in support plans or technology could have a significant impact on obsolescence. Because of the long-lived nature of many of our products, we maintain a substantial supply of parts for possible use in future repairs and customer field service. As these service parts become older, we apply a higher percentage of reserve against the recorded balance, recognizing that the older the part, the less likely it is ultimately to be used. Provision for inventory valuation adjustments totaled $1.7 million in 2008, $1.0 million in 2007 and were insignificant in 2006. Provision for service inventory valuation adjustments totaled $4.3 million, $4.0 million and $4.2 million, respectively, in 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Valuation of Investments in Privately-Held Companies
We made investments in several small, privately held technology companies in which we hold less than 20% of the capital stock or hold notes receivable. We account for these investments at their cost unless their value has been determined to be other than temporarily impaired, in which case, we write the investment down to its estimated fair value. We review these investments periodically for impairment and make appropriate reductions in carrying value when an “other-than-temporary” decline is evident; however, for non-marketable equity securities, the impairment analysis requires significant judgment. We evaluate the financial condition of the investee, market conditions and other factors providing an indication of the fair value of the investments. During 2006, we wrote off certain of our investments, incurring a charge of $3.9 million, and sold our remaining investments, resulting in a gain of $5.2 million. The carrying value of our investments in privately-held companies was insignificant on our balance sheet at both December 31, 2008 and 2007. See also Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Lives and Recoverability of Equipment and Other Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the remaining life and recoverability of equipment and other assets, including intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” If there is an indication of impairment, we prepare an estimate of future, undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, we adjust the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value.
19
For information on impairments recognized in 2006, see Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. No such adjustments were made in 2008 or 2007.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Pursuant to SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized, but, instead, a two-step impairment test is performed at least annually, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter. First, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. We have defined our reporting units to be our operating segments as disclosed under SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.” If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is performed. The second step is performed if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill must be determined based on, and compared to, the carrying value of the goodwill. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference will be recorded. No impairments were identified in the first step of our goodwill impairment analyses performed during 2008, 2007 or 2006.
Existing Technology Intangible Assets
Existing technology intangible assets purchased in business combinations, which represent the estimated value of products utilizing technology existing as of the combination date discounted to their net present value, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the technology. We currently are using amortization periods ranging from 5 to 12 years for these assets. Changes in technology could affect our estimates of the useful lives of such assets. We test our technology intangible assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable in accordance with SFAS No. 144. We evaluate recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to future net undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Such reviews assess the fair value of the assets based upon estimates of future cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. We review the estimated useful lives of the assets on an annual basis. We did not change estimated useful lives or recognize impairment charges related to our technology intangible assets during 2008, 2007 or 2006.
Restructuring, Reorganization, Relocation and Severance Costs
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs are recognized and recorded at fair value as incurred in accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” Such costs include severance and other costs related to employee terminations as well as facility costs related to future abandonment of various leased office and manufacturing sites. Changes in our estimates could occur, and have occurred, due to fluctuations in exchange rates, the sublease of unused space, unanticipated voluntary departures before severance was required and unanticipated redeployment of employees to vacant positions.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of the assets and liabilities. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” we record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to “more likely than not” be realized in our future tax returns.
20
During 2008, 2007 and 2006, we released approximately $0.5 million, $5.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in valuation allowance relating to U.S. deferred tax assets utilized to offset U.S. taxable income generated during the respective periods. Should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our remaining net deferred tax assets in the future, increases to the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets may be required. Conversely, if we determine that certain tax assets that have been reserved for may be realized in the future, we may reduce our valuation allowance in future periods. Our net deferred tax assets totaled $0.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and our valuation allowance totaled $42.8 million and $39.5 million, respectively.
We also follow the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement 109.” This statement clarifies the criteria that an individual tax position must satisfy for some or all of the benefits of that position to be recognized in a company’s financial statements. Interpretation No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those tax positions to be recognized in the financial statements.
In the ordinary course of business, there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate or effective settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. When applicable, associated interest and penalties have been recognized as a component of income tax expense.
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the liabilities related to total unrecognized tax benefits were $18.4 million and $15.7 million respectively, all of which would have an impact on the effective tax rate. Included in the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits were accruals for interest and penalties of $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits relate mainly to uncertainty surrounding intercompany pricing and permanent establishment. See Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Warranty Liabilities
Our products generally carry a one-year warranty. A reserve is established at the time of sale to cover estimated warranty costs and certain commitments for product upgrades. Our estimate of warranty cost is primarily based on our history of warranty repairs and maintenance, as applied to systems currently under warranty. For our new products without a history of known warranty costs, we estimate the expected costs based on our experience with similar product lines and technology. While most new products are extensions of existing technology, the estimate could change if new products require a significantly different level of repair and maintenance than similar products have required in the past. Our estimated warranty costs are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. Changes to the reserve occur as volume, product mix and warranty costs fluctuate. Our warranty reserve totaled $6.4 million and $6.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008 and 2007. Warranty expense totaled $10.6 million, $16.0 million and $11.7 million, respectively, during 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards granted to our employees and directors, including employee stock options, non-vested stock and stock purchases related to our employee share purchase plan based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We utilize the Black-Scholes valuation model for valuing our stock option awards.
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The use of the Black-Scholes valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards requires us to make judgments on assumptions regarding the risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield, expected term and expected volatility over the expected term of the award. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates at the time they are made, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of expense could be materially different in the future.
Compensation expense is only recognized on awards that ultimately vest. Therefore, we have reduced the compensation expense to be recognized over the vesting period for anticipated future forfeitures. Forfeiture estimates are based on historical forfeiture patterns. We update our forfeiture estimates quarterly and recognize any changes to accumulated compensation expense in the period of change. If actual forfeitures differ significantly from our estimates, our results of operations could be materially impacted.
Accounting for Derivatives
We use a combination of forward contracts, zero cost collar contracts, option contracts and other instruments to hedge certain anticipated foreign currency exchange transactions. When specific criteria required by SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” have been met, changes in fair values of hedge contracts relating to anticipated transactions are recorded in other comprehensive income rather than net income until the underlying hedged transaction affects net income. One of the criteria for this accounting treatment is that the forward exchange contract amount should not be in excess of specifically identified anticipated transactions. By their nature, our estimates of anticipated transactions may fluctuate over time and may ultimately vary from actual transactions. When anticipated transaction estimates or actual transaction amounts decrease below hedged levels, or when the timing of transactions changes significantly, we reclassify a portion of the cumulative changes in fair values of the related hedge contracts from other comprehensive income to other income (expense) during the quarter in which such changes occur.
We also use foreign forward exchange contracts to mitigate the foreign currency exchange impact of our cash, receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies. These derivatives do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting. Changes in fair value for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recognized in net income in the current period.
Valuation of Investments in Auction Rate Securities and Put Right
At December 31, 2008, we held ARS with a fair value of $91.7 million, which are included on our balance sheet at fair value as non-current investments in marketable securities. The par value of these securities was $110.1 million at December 31, 2008. The ARS held by us have long-term stated maturities for which the interest rates are reset through a Dutch auction, which generally occurs every 28 days. The auctions have historically provided a liquid market for these securities as investors could readily sell their investments at auction.
With the liquidity issues experienced in global credit and capital markets, the ARS held by us have experienced multiple failed auctions, beginning on February 19, 2008, as the amount of securities submitted for sale has exceeded the amount of purchase orders. We expect that the market for these securities will remain illiquid until the securities are either redeemed or mature. Accordingly, during the first quarter of 2008, we reclassified our ARS to non-current investments in marketable securities from short-term investments in marketable securities.
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All of the ARS held by us continue to carry AAA ratings, have not experienced any payment defaults and are backed by student loans, some of which are guaranteed under the Federal Family Education Loan Program of the U.S. Department of Education (“USDE”).
On November 6, 2008 (the “Acceptance Date”), we entered into a settlement agreement (the “Agreement”) with UBS Financial Services Inc. (“UBS”), the issuer of the ARS, pursuant to which UBS would repurchase all of our ARS at par on or before June 30, 2010. By accepting the terms of the settlement, we (1) received the non-transferable right (“Put Right”) to sell our ARS at par value to UBS on or before June 30, 2010, and (2) gave UBS the right to purchase the ARS from us at any time after the Acceptance Date as long as we receive the par value.
We expect to sell the ARS under the Put Right. However, if the Put Right is not exercised on or before June 30, 2010, it will expire and UBS will have no further rights or obligation to buy the ARS. Furthermore, UBS’s obligations under the Put Right are not secured by its assets and do not require UBS to obtain any financing to support its performance obligations under the Put Right. UBS has disclaimed any assurance that it will have sufficient financial resources to satisfy its obligations under the Put Right.
The Agreement covers $110.1 million par value (fair value of $91.7 million) of the ARS held by us as of December 31, 2008. We consider the Put Right to be a freestanding financial instrument and we have accounted for it separately from the ARS. We believe the Put Right does not meet the definition of a derivative under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,”as the underlying ARS are not considered by us to be readily convertible into cash. We also believe that, since the Put Right does not qualify as a derivative, it is not within the scope of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” Therefore, we have elected the fair value option to account for the Put Right pursuant to SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,”and have recorded the instrument as an asset of approximately $17.9 million on our balance sheet in other long-term assets as of December 31, 2008 with a corresponding gain recorded in other income, net.
Simultaneously, we made an election under SFAS No. 115 to transfer our ARS from available-for-sale to trading securities. The transfer to trading securities reflects our intent to exercise the Put Right on June 30, 2010. Prior to entering into the Agreement, our intent was to hold the ARS until the market recovered. At the time of the transfer, the unrealized loss on the ARS for the first three quarters of 2008 of $11.7 million included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was immediately recognized in earnings, as a component of other income, net. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we recognized an additional decline in fair value of $6.7 million, included in other income, net for a total unrealized loss of $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
We estimated the fair value of our ARS using a discounted cash flow model where we compared the expected rate of interest received on the ARS to similar securities. We discounted the securities over a three to ten year term depending on the collateral underlying each ARS. The amounts derived through the discounted cash flow model were generally consistent with the quoted price indicated by the bank which holds our ARS at December 31, 2008.
We calculated the fair value of the Put Right based on the net present value of the difference between the par value and the fair market value of the ARS on December 31, 2008, using an eighteen month option period through the settlement date discounted by the credit default rate of UBS, the issuer. We will reassess the fair values in future reporting periods based on several factors, including continued failure of auctions, failure of investments to be redeemed, deterioration of credit ratings of investments, overall market risk, and other factors. Subsequent changes in fair value will be recorded as a component of other income, net.
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Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
Unaudited quarterly financial data, restated for the effects of FSP No. APB 14-1 as discussed in Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, for each of the eight quarters in the two-year period ended December 31, 2008 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2008 (In thousands, except per share data) | | 1st Quarter | | | 2nd Quarter | | | 3rd Quarter | | | 4th Quarter | |
Net sales | | $ | 151,646 | | | $ | 154,039 | | | $ | 141,768 | | | $ | 151,726 | |
Cost of sales | | | 92,421 | | | | 95,419 | | | | 85,066 | | | | 91,732 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 59,225 | | | | 58,620 | | | | 56,702 | | | | 59,994 | |
Total operating expenses(1) | | | 50,419 | | | | 53,686 | | | | 50,484 | | | | 48,824 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 8,806 | | | | 4,934 | | | | 6,218 | | | | 11,170 | |
Other income (expense), net(2) | | | (1,220 | ) | | | (1,698 | ) | | | (591 | ) | | | (1,019 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | 7,586 | | | | 3,236 | | | | 5,627 | | | | 10,151 | |
Income tax expense(3) | | | 2,553 | | | | 1,578 | | | | 1,679 | | | | 2,802 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 5,033 | | | $ | 1,658 | | | $ | 3,948 | | | $ | 7,349 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic net income per share | | $ | 0.14 | | | $ | 0.05 | | | $ | 0.11 | | | $ | 0.20 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.14 | | | $ | 0.04 | | | $ | 0.11 | | | $ | 0.20 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Shares used in basic per share calculation | | | 36,435 | | | | 36,499 | | | | 36,780 | | | | 37,183 | |
Shares used in diluted per share calculation | | | 36,841 | | | | 36,895 | | | | 37,306 | | | | 37,446 | |
| | | | |
2007 (In thousands, except per share data) | | 1st Quarter | | | 2nd Quarter | | | 3rd Quarter | | | 4th Quarter | |
Net sales | | $ | 147,959 | | | $ | 148,555 | | | $ | 145,788 | | | $ | 150,208 | |
Cost of sales | | | 84,216 | | | | 86,798 | | | | 84,556 | | | | 90,520 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross profit | | | 63,743 | | | | 61,757 | | | | 61,232 | | | | 59,688 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 44,933 | | | | 46,761 | | | | 47,773 | | | | 52,240 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | | 18,810 | | | | 14,996 | | | | 13,459 | | | | 7,448 | |
Other income (expense), net(4) | | | (1,653 | ) | | | 215 | | | | 179 | | | | 773 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | 17,157 | | | | 15,211 | | | | 13,638 | | | | 8,221 | |
Income tax expense (benefit)(5) | | | 5,077 | | | | 4,095 | | | | 3,236 | | | | (4,331 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations | | | 12,080 | | | | 11,116 | | | | 10,402 | | | | 12,552 | |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax(6) | | | 127 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 263 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 12,207 | | | $ | 11,116 | | | $ | 10,402 | | | $ | 12,815 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic income per share from continuing operations | | $ | 0.35 | | | $ | 0.31 | | | $ | 0.29 | | | $ | 0.34 | |
Basic income per share from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.01 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic net income per share | | $ | 0.35 | | | $ | 0.31 | | | $ | 0.29 | | | $ | 0.35 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted income per share from continuing operations | | $ | 0.33 | | | $ | 0.29 | | | $ | 0.28 | | | $ | 0.33 | |
Diluted income per share from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.01 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.33 | | | $ | 0.29 | | | $ | 0.28 | | | $ | 0.34 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Shares used in basic per share calculations | | | 34,556 | | | | 35,742 | | | | 36,216 | | | | 36,323 | |
Shares used in diluted per share calculations | | | 39,778 | | | | 40,942 | | | | 40,890 | | | | 40,948 | |
(1) | Operating expenses in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2008 included $2.3 million, $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance expense. |
(2) | Included in other income (expense), net in 2008 were the following: |
| • | | $18.4 million of unrealized losses related to our auction rate securities (“ARS”) and a $17.9 million gain related to the fair value of the put right we received pursuant to an agreement we entered into with UBS Financial Services Inc. (“UBS”), the issuer of the ARS. This put right requires UBS to repurchase all of our ARS at par on or before June 30, 2010; |
| • | | a $1.3 million charge for ineffectiveness of certain of our cash flow hedges due to increased currency volatility; |
| • | | a $1.3 million gain related to the disposal of an insignificant sales subsidiary; and |
| • | | $6.3 million of non-cash interest expense related to our $150 million zero coupon convertible notes, of which, $3.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively, was incurred in the first and second quarters of 2008. |
(3) | Income tax expense in 2008 included the release of $0.5 million of valuation allowances recorded against net operating loss deferred tax assets utilized to offset income earned in the U.S., a portion of which was recorded each quarter. |
(4) | Other income, net in the second quarter of 2007 included a $0.5 million gain on the sale of a minority interest in a small technology company and the third quarter of 2007 included a $0.5 million gain related to the disposal of one of our cost-method investments. Other income, net also included $11.8 million of non-cash interest expense related to our $150 million zero coupon convertible notes, of which, $2.9 million, $2.9 million, $3.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, was incurred in the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2007. |
(5) | Our 2007 tax provision on income from continuing operations included a $4.7 million release of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as a result of the settlement of foreign tax audits in the fourth quarter of 2007 and a tax benefit of $5.3 million, a portion of which was recognized in each quarter of 2007, related to the release of valuation allowances recorded against net operating loss deferred tax assets utilized to offset income earned in the U.S. |
(6) | Represents the results of Knights Technology, which was classified as a discontinued operation in 2006 and sold in the fourth quarter of 2006. |
24
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
FEI Company
Hillsboro, Oregon
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of FEI Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of FEI Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, effective January 1, 2007.
As discussed in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2009 the Company changed its method of accounting for convertible debt to conform to FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. APB 14-1,Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) and, retrospectively, adjusted the 2008, 2007, and 2006 consolidated financial statements for the change.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established inInternal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 20, 2009 (not presented herein) expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
|
/s/ Deloitte & Touche, LLP |
|
Portland, Oregon |
February 20, 2009 |
(October 8, 2009 as to Note 24) |
25
FEI Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008(1) | | | 2007(1) | |
Assets | | | | | | | | |
Current Assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 146,521 | | | $ | 280,593 | |
Short-term investments in marketable securities | | | 32,901 | | | | 152,041 | |
Short-term restricted cash | | | 10,994 | | | | 20,984 | |
Receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $3,139 and $3,819 | | | 139,733 | | | | 157,120 | |
Inventories | | | 141,609 | | | | 138,762 | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 2,884 | | | | 4,788 | |
Other current assets | | | 32,926 | | | | 36,273 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Current Assets | | | 507,568 | | | | 790,561 | |
| | |
Non-current investments in marketable securities | | | 94,098 | | | | 12,758 | |
Long-term restricted cash | | | 34,833 | | | | 24,621 | |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $85,391 and $78,083 | | | 76,991 | | | | 74,700 | |
Purchased technology, net of accumulated amortization of $45,197 and $43,509 | | | 1,295 | | | | 2,862 | |
Goodwill | | | 40,964 | | | | 40,864 | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 2,188 | | | | 2,641 | |
Non-current inventories | | | 41,072 | | | | 42,168 | |
Other assets, net | | | 33,163 | | | | 16,661 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Assets | | $ | 832,172 | | | $ | 1,007,836 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | |
Current Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 34,964 | | | $ | 31,156 | |
Accrued payroll liabilities | | | 19,219 | | | | 26,833 | |
Accrued warranty reserves | | | 6,439 | | | | 6,585 | |
Accrued agent commissions | | | 9,882 | | | | 8,401 | |
Deferred revenue | | | 44,135 | | | | 60,681 | |
Income taxes payable | | | 3,040 | | | | 3,106 | |
Accrued restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance | | | 240 | | | | 580 | |
Current portion of convertible debt | | | — | | | | 189,395 | |
Other current liabilities | | | 33,732 | | | | 29,266 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Current Liabilities | | | 151,651 | | | | 356,003 | |
| | |
Convertible debt | | | 115,000 | | | | 115,000 | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | 4,164 | | | | 4,479 | |
Other liabilities | | | 42,268 | | | | 38,646 | |
| | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Shareholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock - 500 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock - 70,000 shares authorized; 37,286 and 36,405 shares issued and outstanding, no par value | | | 469,893 | | | | 447,772 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (1,168 | ) | | | (19,156 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 50,364 | | | | 65,092 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Shareholders’ Equity | | | 519,089 | | | | 493,708 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | | $ | 832,172 | | | $ | 1,007,836 | |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | As adjusted for the effects of FSP No APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion.” |
See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
26
FEI Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008(1) | | | 2007(1) | | | 2006(1) | |
Net Sales: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Products | | $ | 459,383 | | | $ | 464,191 | | | $ | 358,137 | |
Products - related party | | | 2,123 | | | | 897 | | | | 2,506 | |
Service and components | | | 137,314 | | | | 127,101 | | | | 116,702 | |
Service and components - related party | | | 359 | | | | 321 | | | | 2,146 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net sales | | | 599,179 | | | | 592,510 | | | | 479,491 | |
| | | |
Cost of Sales: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Products | | | 265,543 | | | | 252,546 | | | | 197,742 | |
Service and components | | | 99,095 | | | | 93,544 | | | | 85,303 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of sales | | | 364,638 | | | | 346,090 | | | | 283,045 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Gross Profit | | | 234,541 | | | | 246,420 | | | | 196,446 | |
| | | |
Operating Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | | 70,378 | | | | 66,042 | | | | 57,528 | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 126,960 | | | | 124,160 | | | | 100,279 | |
Amortization of purchased technology | | | 1,808 | | | | 1,777 | | | | 2,034 | |
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance | | | 4,267 | | | | (272 | ) | | | 12,609 | |
Merger costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | 484 | |
Asset impairment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 465 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses | | | 203,413 | | | | 191,707 | | | | 173,399 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Operating Income | | | 31,128 | | | | 54,713 | | | | 23,047 | |
| | | |
Other Income (Expense): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | 14,362 | | | | 22,372 | | | | 13,150 | |
Interest expense | | | (14,220 | ) | | | (20,533 | ) | | | (18,126 | ) |
Other, net | | | (4,670 | ) | | | (2,325 | ) | | | (723 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other income (expense), net | | | (4,528 | ) | | | (486 | ) | | | (5,699 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | 26,600 | | | | 54,227 | | | | 17,348 | |
Income tax expense | | | 8,612 | | | | 8,077 | | | | 10,467 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations | | | 17,988 | | | | 46,150 | | | | 6,881 | |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | (947 | ) |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | | | — | | | | 390 | | | | 3,335 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 17,988 | | | $ | 46,540 | | | $ | 9,269 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Basic income per share from continuing operations | | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 1.29 | | | $ | 0.20 | |
Basic income per share from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.07 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic net income per share | | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 1.30 | | | $ | 0.27 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Diluted income per share from continuing operations | | $ | 0.48 | | | $ | 1.23 | | | $ | 0.20 | |
Diluted income per share from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 0.01 | | | | 0.07 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.48 | | | $ | 1.24 | | | $ | 0.27 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shares used in per share calculations: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | 36,766 | | | | 35,709 | | | | 33,818 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted | | | 37,158 | | | | 40,725 | | | | 34,223 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | As adjusted for the effects of FSP No APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion.” |
See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
27
FEI Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008(1) | | | 2007(1) | | | 2006(1) | |
Net income | | $ | 17,988 | | | $ | 46,540 | | | $ | 9,269 | |
Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in cumulative translation adjustment, zero taxes provided | | | (11,169 | ) | | | 26,486 | | | | 18,313 | |
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities | | | (11,720 | ) | | | 415 | | | | 793 | |
Change in minimum pension liability, net of taxes | | | 498 | | | | 204 | | | | (603 | ) |
Reclassification of auction rate securities unrealized losses to other income, net | | | 11,686 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Changes due to cash flow hedging instruments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net gain on hedge instruments | | | 2,192 | | | | 5,494 | | | | 4,542 | |
Reclassification to net income of previously deferred gains related to hedge derivatives instruments | | | (6,215 | ) | | | (4,977 | ) | | | (1,974 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | | $ | 3,260 | | | $ | 74,162 | | | $ | 30,340 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | As adjusted for the effects of FSP No APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion.” |
See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
28
FEI Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
For The Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | Retained Earnings (Deficit) | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | | | Total Shareholders’ Equity | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005(1) | | 33,800 | | | $ | 383,993 | | | $ | (79,066 | ) | | $ | 16,399 | | | $ | 321,326 | |
| | | | | |
Net income | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,269 | | | | — | | | | 9,269 | |
Employee purchases of common stock through employee share purchase plan | | 187 | | | | 3,516 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,516 | |
Restricted shares issued and stock options exercised related to employee stock-based compensation plans | | 565 | | | | 9,631 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,631 | |
Shares repurchased | | (500 | ) | | | (11,075 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,075 | ) |
Stock-based compensation expense | | — | | | | 12,860 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,860 | |
Tax benefit of non-qualified stock options exercised | | — | | | | 1,422 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,422 | |
Translation adjustment | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18,313 | | | | 18,313 | |
Unrealized gain on available for sale securities | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 793 | | | | 793 | |
Minimum pension liability, net of taxes | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (603 | ) | | | (603 | ) |
Net adjustment for fair value of hedge derivatives | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,568 | | | | 2,568 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006(1) | | 34,052 | | | | 400,347 | | | | (69,797 | ) | | | 37,470 | | | | 368,020 | |
| | | | | |
Net income | | — | | | | — | | | | 46,540 | | | | — | | | | 46,540 | |
Employee purchases of common stock through employee share purchase plan | | 212 | | | | 4,412 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,412 | |
Restricted shares issued and stock options exercised related to employee stock-based compensation plans | | 2,141 | | | | 36,482 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 36,482 | |
Stock-based compensation expense | | — | | | | 7,351 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,351 | |
Taxes paid as part of the net share settlement of restricted stock units | | — | | | | 391 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 391 | |
Restricted stock unit taxes for net share settlement | | — | | | | (1,211 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,211 | ) |
Translation adjustment | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 26,486 | | | | 26,486 | |
Unrealized gain on available for sale securities | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 415 | | | | 415 | |
Minimum pension liability, net of taxes | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 204 | | | | 204 | |
Net adjustment for fair value of hedge derivatives | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 517 | | | | 517 | |
Implementation of FIN 48 | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,101 | | | | — | | | | 4,101 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2007(1) | | 36,405 | | | | 447,772 | | | | (19,156 | ) | | | 65,092 | | | | 493,708 | |
| | | | | |
Net income | | — | | | | — | | | | 17,988 | | | | — | | | | 17,988 | |
Employee purchases of common stock through employee share purchase plan | | 259 | | | | 4,804 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,804 | |
Restricted shares issued and stock options exercised related to employee stock-based compensation plans | | 585 | | | | 9,280 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 9,280 | |
Stock-based compensation expense | | — | | | | 8,153 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,153 | |
Zero coupon convertible note settlement | | 37 | | | | 1,013 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,013 | |
Reclassification of auction rate securities unrealized losses to other income, net | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11,686 | | | | 11,686 | |
Taxes paid as part of the net share settlement of restricted stock units | | — | | | | 329 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 329 | |
Restricted stock unit taxes for net share settlement | | — | | | | (1,458 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,458 | ) |
Translation adjustment | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,169 | ) | | | (11,169 | ) |
Unrealized gain on available for sale securities | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,720 | ) | | | (11,720 | ) |
Minimum pension liability, net of taxes | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 498 | | | | 498 | |
Net adjustment for fair value of hedge derivatives | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,023 | ) | | | (4,023 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2008(1) | | 37,286 | | | $ | 469,893 | | | $ | (1,168 | ) | | $ | 50,364 | | | $ | 519,089 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | As adjusted for the effects of FSP No APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion.” |
See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
29
FEI Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | For the Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008(1) | | | 2007(1) | | | 2006(1) | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 17,988 | | | $ | 46,540 | | | $ | 9,269 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation | | | 16,481 | | | | 13,690 | | | | 13,356 | |
Amortization | | | 10,589 | | | | 15,400 | | | | 15,552 | |
Stock-based compensation | | | 8,153 | | | | 7,351 | | | | 12,820 | |
Asset impairments and write-offs of property, plant and equipment and other assets | | | 528 | | | | — | | | | 4,311 | |
(Gain) loss on disposal of investments, property, plant and equipment and intangible assets | | | 274 | | | | (3 | ) | | | (6,726 | ) |
Other | | | 226 | | | | 391 | | | | 1,826 | |
Income taxes receivable (payable), net | | | 7,862 | | | | 3,824 | | | | 1,900 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 2,536 | | | | (1,498 | ) | | | 1,704 | |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations | | | — | | | | (390 | ) | | | (3,335 | ) |
(Increase) decrease in: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Receivables | | | 16,680 | | | | (1,911 | ) | | | (41,833 | ) |
Inventories | | | (15,439 | ) | | | (34,772 | ) | | | (9,831 | ) |
Other assets | | | (799 | ) | | | (1,817 | ) | | | (1,821 | ) |
Increase (decrease) in: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | | 4,000 | | | | (18,654 | ) | | | 13,317 | |
Accrued payroll liabilities | | | (6,421 | ) | | | 3,371 | | | | 10,466 | |
Accrued warranty reserves | | | (109 | ) | | | 556 | | | | 313 | |
Deferred revenue | | | (16,184 | ) | | | 16,664 | | | | 2,919 | |
Accrued restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs | | | (237 | ) | | | (1,927 | ) | | | (2,369 | ) |
Other liabilities | | | 8,407 | | | | 4,731 | | | | 1,453 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 54,535 | | | | 51,546 | | | | 23,291 | |
| | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in restricted cash | | | (1,537 | ) | | | (17,075 | ) | | | (4,965 | ) |
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | | | (13,482 | ) | | | (18,483 | ) | | | (6,514 | ) |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets | | | 1 | | | | 5 | | | | 1,532 | |
Proceeds from disposal of discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,750 | |
Purchase of investments in marketable securities | | | (93,857 | ) | | | (247,820 | ) | | | (298,216 | ) |
Redemption of investments in marketable securities | | | 112,449 | | | | 353,560 | | | | 230,707 | |
Proceeds from disposal of unconsolidated subsidiary | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,829 | |
Other | | | (3,286 | ) | | | (268 | ) | | | (259 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 288 | | | | 69,919 | | | | (65,136 | ) |
| | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Redemption of 5.5% convertible notes | | | (45,882 | ) | | | — | | | | (29,118 | ) |
Redemption of zero coupon convertible notes | | | (148,987 | ) | | | | | | | | |
Issuance of 2.875% convertible notes, net of offering costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | 111,868 | |
Credit facility fees | | | (820 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | — | | | | — | | | | (11,075 | ) |
Witholding taxes paid on issuance of vested restricted stock units | | | (1,456 | ) | | | (1,213 | ) | | | — | |
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements | | | 329 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases | | | 14,097 | | | | 40,894 | | | | 13,147 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (182,719 | ) | | | 39,681 | | | | 84,822 | |
| | | |
Effect of exchange rate changes | | | (6,176 | ) | | | 8,791 | | | | 8,913 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | (134,072 | ) | | | 169,937 | | | | 51,890 | |
| | | |
Cash and cash equivalents: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of year | | | 280,593 | | | | 110,656 | | | | 58,766 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
End of year | | $ | 146,521 | | | $ | 280,593 | | | $ | 110,656 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Refunds received) cash paid for income taxes, net | | $ | (2,780 | ) | | $ | (5,194 | ) | | $ | 5,387 | |
Cash paid for interest | | | 7,783 | | | | 7,061 | | | | 5,783 | |
Inventories transferred to fixed assets | | | 7,240 | | | | 7,313 | | | | 5,543 | |
Notes payable issued to acquire intangible assets | | | — | | | | 4,014 | | | | — | |
(1) | As adjusted for the effects of FSP No APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion.” |
See Note 24 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
30
FEI COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business
We are a leading supplier of instruments for nanoscale imaging, analysis and prototyping to enable research, development and manufacturing in a range of industrial, academic and research institutional applications. We report our revenue based on a market-focused organization: the Electronics market, the Research and Industry market, the Life Sciences market and the Service and Components market. During the first quarter of 2008, we renamed our markets, but did not reclassify any revenue or cost categories between markets. Previously, the Electronics market was the NanoElectronics market; the Research and Industry market was the NanoResearch and Industry market; and the Life Sciences market was the NanoBiology market.
Our products include focused ion beam systems, or FIBs; scanning electron microscopes, or SEMs; transmission electron microscopes, or TEMs; andDualBeam systems, which combine a FIB and SEM on a single platform.
OurDualBeam systems include models that have wafer handling capability and are purchased by semiconductor and data storage manufacturers (“wafer-levelDualBeamsystems”) and models that have small stages and are sold to customers in several markets (“small-stageDualBeamsystems”).
We have research, development and manufacturing operations in Hillsboro, Oregon; Eindhoven, the Netherlands; and Brno, Czech Republic. Our sales and service operations are conducted in the U.S. and approximately 50 other countries around the world. We also sell our products through independent agents, distributors and representatives in additional countries.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FEI Company and our majority-controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates in Financial Reporting
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant accounting policies and estimates underlying the accompanying consolidated financial statements include:
| • | | the timing of revenue recognition; |
| • | | the allowance for doubtful accounts; |
| • | | valuations of excess and obsolete inventory; |
| • | | valuation of marketable securities; |
| • | | valuation of investments in privately-held companies; |
| • | | the lives and recoverability of equipment and other long-lived assets such as goodwill, existing technology intangibles; |
| • | | restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs; |
| • | | accounting for income taxes; |
| • | | stock-based compensation; |
| • | | accounting for derivatives; |
| • | | valuation of investments in auction rate securities (“ARS”); and |
| • | | valuation of put right. |
31
It is reasonably possible that the estimates we make may change in the future.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and receivables. Our investment policy limits investments with any one issuer to 10% or less of the total investment portfolio, with the exception of money market funds and securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies which may comprise up to 100% of the total investment portfolio. Our exposure to credit risk concentrations within our receivables balance is limited due to the large number of entities comprising our customer base and their dispersion across many different industries and geographies.
Dependence on Key Suppliers
Failure of critical suppliers of parts, components and manufacturing equipment to deliver sufficient quantities to us in a timely and cost-effective manner could negatively affect our business, including our ability to convert backlog into revenue. We currently use numerous vendors to supply parts, components and subassemblies for the manufacture and support of our products. Some key parts, however, may only be obtained from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. In particular, we rely on: VDL Enabling Technologies Group, or ETG, AP Tech, Frencken Mechatronics B.V. and AZD Praha STR for our supply of mechanical parts and subassemblies; Gatan, Inc. for critical accessory products; and Neways Electronics, N.V. for some of our electronic subassemblies. In addition, some of our suppliers rely on sole suppliers. As a result of this concentration of key suppliers, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected if we do not timely and cost-effectively receive a sufficient quantity of quality parts to meet our production requirements or if we are required to find alternative suppliers for these supplies. We may not be able to expand our supplier group or to reduce our dependence on single suppliers. If our suppliers are not able to meet our supply requirements, constraints may affect our ability to deliver products to customers in a timely manner, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, world wide restrictions governing the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (Restrictions on Hazardous Substances, or “RoHS,” regulations) may impact parts and component availability or our electronics suppliers’ ability to source parts and components in a timely and cost-effective manner. Overall, because we only have a few equipment suppliers, we may be more exposed to future cost increases for this equipment.
In addition, we rely on a limited number of equipment manufacturers to develop and supply the equipment we use to manufacture our products. The failure of these manufacturers to develop or deliver quality equipment on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, because we only have a few equipment suppliers, we may be more exposed to future cost increases for this equipment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash deposits in banks, money market funds and other highly liquid marketable securities with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition.
Restricted Cash
Our restricted cash balances are held in deposit accounts with banks that have issued guarantees and letters of credit to our customers for system sales transactions and customer advance deposits relating to prepayments for service contracts, mainly in Europe and Asia. This restricted cash can be drawn on by the bank if goods are not delivered or services are not properly performed. In addition, while the restricted cash is held in the bank it is earning interest. Given these deposit accounts require satisfaction of conditions other than a withdrawal demand for us to receive a return of principal, are interest bearing and are held for extended periods of time, we have concluded these balances are similar in nature to our other investments and that inclusion in investing activities on our statement of cash flows is appropriate and consistent with our treatment of other investments.
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Accounts Receivable
The roll-forward of our accounts receivable allowance was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2005 | | $ | 3,305 | |
Expense | | | 729 | |
Write-offs | | | (110 | ) |
Translation adjustments | | | 257 | |
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2006 | | | 4,181 | |
Expense | | | 939 | |
Write-offs | | | (1,549 | ) |
Translation adjustments | | | 248 | |
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2007 | | | 3,819 | |
Expense | | | 1,125 | |
Write-offs | | | (1,787 | ) |
Translation adjustments | | | (18 | ) |
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2008 | | $ | 3,139 | |
| | | | |
Write-offs include amounts written off for specifically identified bad debts.
Marketable Securities
We account for our investments in marketable securities in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” Our investments include marketable debt securities, corporate notes and bonds and government-backed securities with maturities greater than 90 days at the time of purchase. Our fixed maturity securities, other than our ARS, are classified as available-for-sale securities and, accordingly, are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices, with the unrealized gains or losses reported, net of tax, in shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Certain equity securities held in short-term and long-term investments related to the executive deferred compensation plan, as well as our ARS, are classified as trading securities. See Note 3. Investments designated as trading securities are carried at fair value on the balance sheet, with the unrealized gains or losses recorded in interest and other income in the period incurred.
Realized gains and losses on all investments are recorded on the specific identification method and are included in interest and other income in the period incurred. Investments with maturities greater than 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as non-current investments, unless they are expected to be liquidated within the next 12 months; in which case, the investment is classified as current.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined by standard cost methods, which approximate the first-in, first-out method. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Service inventories that exceed the estimated requirements for the next 12 months based on recent usage levels are reported as other long-term assets. Management has established inventory reserves based on estimates of excess and/or obsolete current and non-current inventory.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of the assets and liabilities. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” we record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to “more likely than not” be realized in our future tax returns. During 2008, 2007 and 2006, we released approximately $0.5 million, $5.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in valuation allowance relating to U.S. deferred tax assets utilized to offset U.S. taxable income generated during the respective periods. Should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our remaining net deferred tax assets in the future, increases to the valuation
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allowance for deferred tax assets may be required. Conversely, if we determine that certain tax assets that have been reserved for may be realized in the future, we may reduce our valuation allowance in future periods. Our net deferred tax assets totaled $0.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and our valuation allowance totaled $42.8 million and $39.5 million, respectively.
We also follow the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement 109.” This statement clarifies the criteria that an individual tax position must satisfy for some or all of the benefits of that position to be recognized in a company’s financial statements. Interpretation No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those tax positions to be recognized in the financial statements.
Significant income tax exposures include potential challenges to intercompany pricing and permanent establishment. In the ordinary course of business, there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate or effective settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. When applicable, associated interest and penalties have been recognized as a component of tax expense.
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the liabilities related to total unrecognized tax benefits were $18.4 million and $15.7 million respectively, all of which would have an impact on the effective tax rate. Included in the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits were accruals for interest and penalties of $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits relate mainly to uncertainty surrounding intercompany pricing and permanent establishment. See Note 13 for additional information.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Land is stated at cost. Buildings and improvements are stated at cost and depreciated over estimated useful lives of approximately 35 years using the straight-line method. Machinery and equipment, including systems used in research and development activities, production and in demonstration laboratories, are stated at cost and depreciated over estimated useful lives of approximately three to seven years using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their economic lives or the lease term. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. See Note 8 “Property, Plant and Equipment” for a discussion of property, plant and equipment impairment charges incurred in 2006.
Demonstration systems consist primarily of internally manufactured products and related accessories that we use for marketing purposes in our demonstration laboratories (“NanoPorts”) or for trade shows. These systems are not held for sale and accordingly are recorded as a component of property, plant and equipment and depreciated using the straight-line method over their expected useful lives of approximately three to seven years with the expense being reflected as a component of selling, general and administrative.
On occasion we loan systems to customers on a temporary basis while they wait for their tool to be manufactured or for evaluation. These systems are included in our finished goods inventories and the lending/evaluation periods are typically for a time period of less than one year. The sale of disposable products or services is not typically included in these arrangements. Any expense associated with these systems is recorded as a component of cost of sales.
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Additionally, we lease systems to customers as operating type leases as defined by SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases,” where we are the lessor. Under the operating method, rental revenue is recognized over the lease period. The leased asset is depreciated over the life of the lease. In addition to the depreciation charge, maintenance costs and the cost of any other services rendered under the provision of the lease that pertain to the current accounting period are charged to expense.
Purchased Technology
Purchased technology represents the estimated value of products utilizing technology existing as of the purchase date, discounted to its net present value. Purchased technology is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the technology, typically 5 to 12 years.
Long-Lived Asset Impairment
We evaluate, in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” the remaining life and recoverability of equipment and other assets that are to be held and used, including purchased technology and other intangible assets with definite useful lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If there is an indication of impairment, we prepare an estimate of future, undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, we adjust the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value. Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale are valued at the lower of book value or fair value less cost to sell. See Note 8 “Property, Plant and Equipment” for a discussion of long-lived asset impairment charges incurred in 2006.
Investments in Privately-Held Companies
We made investments in several small, privately held technology companies in which we hold less than 20% of the capital stock or hold notes receivable. We account for these investments at their cost unless their value has been determined to be other-than-temporarily impaired, in which case we write the investment down to its estimated fair value. We review these investments periodically for impairment and make appropriate reductions in carrying value when an “other-than-temporary” decline is evident. However, for non-marketable equity securities, the impairment analysis requires significant judgment. We evaluate the financial condition of the investee, market conditions and other factors providing an indication of the fair value of the investments. Based on these actions, in 2006, we concluded that certain of these investments had “other-than-temporary” impairments and, accordingly, we recorded impairment charges totaling $3.9 million as a component of other income (expense). During 2007, we recorded gains totaling $1.0 million on the disposal of two of our cost-method investments. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we did not have any significant cost-method investments on our balance sheet. See also Note 4 “Investments.”
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Pursuant to SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized, but, instead, a two-step impairment test is performed at least annually, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter. First, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. We have defined our reporting units to be our operating segments as disclosed under SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.” If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is performed. The second step is performed if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill must be determined and compared to the carrying value of the goodwill. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference will be recorded. No impairments were identified in step one of our annual analysis during the fourth quarter of 2008, 2007 or 2006 as a result of this test.
Segment Reporting
Based upon definitions contained within SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” we have determined that we operate in four reportable operating segments: Electronics, Research and Industry, Life Sciences and Service and Components. There are no differences between the accounting policies used for our business segments compared to those used on a consolidated basis.
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Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of a contractual arrangement exits, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the seller’s price to buyer is fixed and determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured.
For products demonstrated to meet our published specifications, revenue is recognized when the title to the product and the risks and rewards of ownership pass to the customer. The portion of revenue related to installation and final acceptance, of which the estimated fair value is generally 4% of the total revenue of the transaction, is deferred until such installation and final customer acceptance are completed. For products produced according to a particular customer’s specifications, revenue is recognized when the product meets the customer’s specifications and when the title and the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer. In each case, the portion of revenue applicable to installation and customer acceptance is recognized upon meeting specifications at the installation site. For new applications of our products where performance cannot be assured prior to meeting specifications at the installation site, no revenue is recognized until such specifications are met.
For sales arrangements containing multiple elements (products or services), revenue relating to undelivered elements is deferred at the estimated fair value until delivery of the deferred elements. To be considered a separate element, the product or service in question must represent a separate unit under Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables,” and fulfill the following criteria: the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a standalone basis; there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item(s); and, if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If the arrangement does not meet all criteria above, the entire amount of the transaction is deferred until all elements are delivered.
We provide maintenance and support services under renewable, term maintenance agreements. Maintenance and support fee revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual term, which is generally 12 months, and commences from contract date.
Revenue from time and materials based service arrangements is recognized as the service is performed. Spare parts revenue is generally recognized upon shipment.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents customer deposits on equipment orders, orders awaiting customer acceptance and prepaid service contract revenue. Deferred revenue is recognized in accordance with our revenue recognition policies described above.
Product Warranty Costs
Our products generally carry a one-year warranty. A reserve is established at the time of sale to cover estimated warranty costs as a component of cost of sales on our consolidated statements of operations. Our estimate of warranty cost is based on our history of warranty repairs and maintenance. While most new products are extensions of existing technology, the estimate could change if new products require a significantly different level of repair and maintenance than similar products have required in the past. Our estimated warranty costs are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. Historically, we have not made significant adjustments to our estimates.
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A roll-forward of our warranty liability for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2005 | | $ | 5,193 | |
Reductions for warranty costs incurred | | | (11,143 | ) |
Warranties issued | | | 11,686 | |
Translation adjustments | | | (20 | ) |
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2006 | | | 5,716 | |
Reductions for warranty costs incurred | | | (15,124 | ) |
Warranties issued | | | 15,950 | |
Translation adjustments | | | 43 | |
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2007 | | | 6,585 | |
Reductions for warranty costs incurred | | | (10,708 | ) |
Warranties issued | | | 10,622 | |
Translation adjustments | | | (60 | ) |
| | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2008 | | $ | 6,439 | |
| | | | |
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We periodically receive funds from various organizations to subsidize our research and development. These funds are reported as an offset to research and development expense. These subsidies totaled $3.9 million, $4.0 million and $3.9 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Subsidies have decreased as the projects available for subsidies, primarily in the Netherlands and the U.S., have decreased.
Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included as a component of selling, general and administrative costs on our consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expense totaled $3.7 million, $3.5 million and $2.9 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Computation of Per Share Amounts
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS are computed using the methods prescribed by SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” Following is a reconciliation of basic EPS and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008(1) | | | 2007(1) | |
| | Net Income | | Shares | | Per Share Amount | | | Net Income | | Shares | | Per Share Amount(1) | |
Basic EPS | | $ | 17,988 | | 36,766 | | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 46,540 | | 35,709 | | $ | 1.30 | |
Dilutive effect of 2.875% convertible subordinated notes | | | — | | — | | | — | | | | 3,756 | | 3,918 | | | (0.03 | ) |
Dilutive effect of stock options calculated using the treasury stock method | | | — | | 168 | | | (0.01 | ) | | | — | | 692 | | | (0.02 | ) |
Dilutive effect of restricted shares | | | — | | 39 | | | — | | | | — | | 221 | | | (0.01 | ) |
Dilutive effect of shares issuable to Philips | | | — | | 185 | | | — | | | | — | | 185 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted EPS | | $ | 17,988 | | 37,158 | | $ | 0.48 | | | $ | 50,296 | | 40,725 | | $ | 1.24 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Potential common shares excluded from diluted EPS since their effect would be antidilutive: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units | | | | | — | | | | | | | | | 492 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Convertible debt | | | | | 3,918 | | | | | | | | | 6,456 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2006(1) |
| | Net Income | | Shares | | Per Share Amount |
Basic EPS | | $ | 9,269 | | 33,818 | | $ | 0.27 |
Dilutive effect of stock options calculated using the treasury stock method | | | — | | 142 | | | — |
Dilutive effect of restricted shares | | | — | | 78 | | | — |
Dilutive effect of shares issuable to Philips | | | — | | 185 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | |
Diluted EPS | | $ | 9,269 | | 34,223 | | $ | 0.27 |
| | | | | | | | |
Potential common shares excluded from diluted EPS since their effect would be antidilutive: | | | | | | | | |
Stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units | | | | | — | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Convertible debt | | | | | 10,374 | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | Restated for the effects of FSP No. APB 14-1. See Note 24. |
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation pursuant to SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment.” SFAS No. 123R applies to all awards granted or modified after January 1, 2006, the date of adoption. In addition, the unrecognized expense of awards not yet vested at the date of adoption is recognized in net income in the periods after the date of adoption over the remainder the requisite service period. The cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle from Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” to SFAS No. 123R was not material.
Our stock-based compensation expense was included in our statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Cost of sales | | $ | 1,036 | | $ | 1,008 | | $ | 825 |
Research and development | | | 1,061 | | | 950 | | | 852 |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 6,056 | | | 5,393 | | | 4,053 |
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and CEO severance related | | | — | | | — | | | 7,090 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | 8,153 | | | 7,351 | | | 12,820 |
Stock-based compensation included as a component of discontinued operations | | | — | | | — | | | 40 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 8,153 | | $ | 7,351 | | $ | 12,860 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Compensation expense related to restricted shares and restricted stock units is based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant as if the shares were vested. Compensation expense related to options granted pursuant to our stock incentive plans and shares purchased pursuant to our employee share purchase plan was determined based on the estimated fair values using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the following weighted average assumptions:
| | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, | | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 |
Risk-free interest rate | | 0.5% - 3.2% | | | 3.4% - 5.0% | | | 2.8% - 5.1% |
Dividend yield | | 0.0% | | | 0.0% | | | 0.0% |
Expected lives: | | | | | | | | |
Option plans | | — | (1) | | — | (1) | | 4.8 years |
Employee share purchase plan | | 6 months | | | 6 months | | | 6 months |
Volatility | | 37% - 46% | | | 38% - 40% | | | 38% - 74% |
Discount for post vesting restrictions | | 0.0% | | | 0.0% | | | 0.0% |
(1) | No options granted during 2008 or 2007. |
The risk-free rate used is based on the U.S. Treasury yield over the estimated term of the options granted. Expected lives were estimated based on the average between the stock option awards’ vest date and their contractual life. The expected volatility is calculated based on the historical volatility of our common stock.
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We amortize stock-based compensation expense related to options granted prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R on a ratable basis and related to options granted after the adoption of SFAS No. 123R and restricted shares and restricted stock units on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the individual award with estimated forfeitures considered. Vesting periods are generally four years. Shares to be issued upon the exercise of stock options will come from newly issued shares. The exercise price of issued options equals the grant date fair value of the underlying shares and the options generally have a legal life of seven years. Stock-based compensation costs related to inventory or fixed assets were not significant in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 or 2006.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency, where the local currency is the functional currency, are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the respective balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of assets, liabilities and equity are included in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheet. Transactions representing revenues, costs and expenses are translated using an average rate of exchange for the period, and the related gains and losses are reported as other income (expense) on our consolidated statement of operations.
2. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
FSP No. APB 14-1
In May 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position (“FSP”) No. APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement),” which clarifies that convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement) are not addressed by paragraph 12 of APB Opinion No. 12, “Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants.” Additionally, this FSP specifies that such instruments should separately account for the liability and equity components in a manner that reflects the entity’s non-convertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Upon adoption on January 1, 2009, this FSP was retrospectively applied to our $150.0 million principal amount of zero coupon subordinated convertible notes. See Note 24 for the effects of the adoption of this FSP on our consolidated financial statements. Given these notes were repaid in 2008, there will be no impact of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements in 2009 or after.
SFAS No. 162
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,” which identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. SFAS No. 162 is effective 60 days following the Securities and Exchange Commission’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 4311, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” We believe that our accounting principles and practices are consistent with the guidance in SFAS No. 162, and, accordingly, we do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 162 to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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SFAS No. 161
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” which requires certain disclosures related to derivative instruments. SFAS No. 161 is effective prospectively for interim periods and fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. Given that SFAS No. 161 pertains primarily to footnote disclosures, we do not believe that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
SFAS No. 141R and SFAS No. 160
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combinations,” and SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.” SFAS Nos. 141R and 160 require most identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests and goodwill acquired in a business combination to be recorded at “full fair value” and require noncontrolling interests (previously referred to as minority interests) to be reported as a component of equity, which changes the accounting for transactions with noncontrolling interest holders. Both statements are effective for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and earlier adoption is prohibited. SFAS No. 141R will be applied to business combinations occurring after the effective date and SFAS No. 160 will be applied prospectively to all noncontrolling interests, including any that arose before the effective date. While we are still analyzing the effects of applying SFAS Nos. 141R and 160, we believe that the adoption of SFAS Nos. 141R and 160 will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
3. AUCTION RATE SECURITIES AND LIQUIDITY
At December 31, 2008, we held ARS with a fair value of $91.7 million, which are included on our balance sheet at fair value as non-current investments in marketable securities. The par value of these securities was $110.1 million at December 31, 2008. The ARS held by us have long-term stated maturities for which the interest rates are reset through a Dutch auction, which generally occurs every 28 days. The auctions have historically provided a liquid market for these securities as investors could readily sell their investments at auction.
With the liquidity issues experienced in global credit and capital markets, the ARS held by us have experienced multiple failed auctions, beginning on February 19, 2008, as the amount of securities submitted for sale has exceeded the amount of purchase orders. We expect that the market for these securities will remain illiquid until the securities are either redeemed or mature. Accordingly, during the first quarter of 2008, we reclassified our ARS to non-current investments in marketable securities from short-term investments in marketable securities.
All of the ARS held by us continue to carry AAA ratings, have not experienced any payment defaults and are backed by student loans, some of which are guaranteed under the Federal Family Education Loan Program of the U.S. Department of Education (“USDE”).
On November 6, 2008 (the “Acceptance Date”), we entered into a settlement agreement (the “Agreement”) with UBS Financial Services Inc. (“UBS”), the issuer of the ARS, pursuant to which UBS would repurchase all of our ARS at par on or before June 30, 2010. By accepting the terms of the settlement, we (1) received the non-transferable right (“Put Right”) to sell our ARS at par value to UBS on or before June 30, 2010, and (2) gave UBS the right to purchase the ARS from us at any time after the Acceptance Date as long as we receive the par value.
We expect to sell the ARS under the Put Right. However, if the Put Right is not exercised on or before June 30, 2010, it will expire and UBS will have no further rights or obligation to buy the ARS. Furthermore, UBS’s obligations under the Put Right are not secured by its assets and do not require UBS to obtain any financing to support its performance obligations under the Put Right. UBS has disclaimed any assurance that it will have sufficient financial resources to satisfy its obligations under the Put Right.
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The Agreement covers $110.1 million par value (fair value of $91.7 million) of the ARS held by us as of December 31, 2008. We consider the Put Right to be a freestanding financial instrument and we have accounted for it separately from the ARS. We believe the Put Right does not meet the definition of a derivative under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,”as the Put Right is non-transferrable and not considered by us to be readily convertible into cash. We also believe that, since the Put Right does not qualify as a derivative, it is not within the scope of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” We have elected the fair value option to account for the Put Right pursuant to SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,”and have recorded the instrument as an asset of approximately $17.9 million on our balance sheet in other long-term assets as of December 31, 2008 with a corresponding gain recorded in other income, net.
Simultaneously, we made an election under SFAS No. 115 to transfer our ARS from available-for-sale to trading securities. The transfer to trading securities reflects our intent to exercise the Put Right on June 30, 2010. Prior to entering into the Agreement, our intent was to hold the ARS until the market recovered. At the time of the transfer, the unrealized loss on the ARS for the first three quarters of 2008 of $11.7 million included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was immediately recognized in earnings, as a component of other income, net. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we recognized an additional decline in fair value of $6.7 million, included in other income, net for a total unrealized loss of $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
We estimated the fair value of our ARS using a discounted cash flow model where we compared the expected rate of interest received on the ARS to similar securities. We discounted the securities over a three to ten year term depending on the collateral underlying each ARS. The amounts derived through the discounted cash flow model were generally consistent with the quoted price indicated by the bank which holds our ARS at December 31, 2008.
We calculated the fair value of the Put Right based on the net present value of the difference between the par value and the fair market value of the ARS on December 31, 2008, using an eighteen month option period through the settlement date discounted by the credit default rate of UBS, the issuer. We will reassess the fair values in future reporting periods based on several factors, including continued failure of auctions, failure of investments to be redeemed, deterioration of credit ratings of investments, overall market risk, and other factors. Subsequent changes in fair value will be recorded as a component of other income, net.
4. INVESTMENTS
Investments held at December 31, 2008 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cost basis | | Unrealized gains | | Unrealized losses | | | Estimated fair value | | Short-term investments | | Long-term investments |
Fixed Maturities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate notes and bonds | | $ | 17,789 | | $ | 14 | | $ | (44 | ) | | $ | 17,759 | | $ | 17,759 | | $ | — |
Government-backed securities | | | 15,085 | | | 57 | | | — | | | | 15,142 | | | 15,142 | | | — |
Auction rate securities | | | 110,125 | | | — | | | (18,445 | )(1) | | | 91,680 | | | — | | | 91,680 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities | | | 142,999 | | | 71 | | | (18,489 | ) | | | 124,581 | | | 32,901 | | | 91,680 |
| | | | | | |
Equity Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other investments | | | 3,002 | | | — | | | (584 | ) | | | 2,418 | | | — | | | 2,418 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | 3,002 | | | — | | | (584 | ) | | | 2,418 | | | — | | | 2,418 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 146,001 | | $ | 71 | | $ | (19,073 | ) | | $ | 126,999 | | $ | 32,901 | | $ | 94,098 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Unrealized gains and losses on investments held as trading securities are included in other income, net. |
41
Investments held at December 31, 2007 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cost basis | | Unrealized gains | | Unrealized losses | | | Estimated fair value | | Short-term investments | | Long-term investments |
Fixed Maturities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Corporate notes and bonds | | $ | 32,965 | | $ | 33 | | $ | (17 | ) | | $ | 32,981 | | $ | 22,992 | | $ | 9,989 |
Government-backed securities | | | 10,925 | | | — | | | (1 | ) | | | 10,924 | | | 10,924 | | | — |
Auction rate securities | | | 118,125 | | | — | | | — | | | | 118,125 | | | 118,125 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities | | | 162,015 | | | 33 | | | (18 | ) | | | 162,030 | | | 152,041 | | | 9,989 |
| | | | | | |
Equity Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other investments | | | 2,877 | | | — | | | (108 | ) | | | 2,769 | | | — | | | 2,769 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity securities | | | 2,877 | | | — | | | (108 | ) | | | 2,769 | | | — | | | 2,769 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 164,892 | | $ | 33 | | $ | (126 | ) | | $ | 164,799 | | $ | 152,041 | | $ | 12,758 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities were insignificant in 2008, 2007 and 2006.
We review available for sale investments in debt and equity securities for other than temporary impairment whenever the fair value of an investment is less than amortized cost and evidence indicates that an investment’s carrying amount is not recoverable within a reasonable period of time. In the evaluation of whether an impairment is “other-than-temporary,” we consider our ability and intent to hold the investment until the market price recovers, the reasons for the impairment, compliance with our investment policy, the severity and duration of the impairment and expected future performance. Unrealized losses on our corporate notes and bonds and government-backed securities are mainly due to interest rate movements, and no unrealized losses of any significance existed for a period in excess of 12 months.
Our investments classified as trading securities, such as our ARS and assets related to our deferred compensation plan, are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. All unrealized gains or losses are recorded in other income, net in the period incurred. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we recognized an $18.4 million unrealized loss related to our ARS investments. See Note 3.
For investments in small privately-held companies, which are recorded at cost, it is often not practical to estimate fair value. In order to assess if impairments exist that are “other-than-temporary,” we reviewed recent interim financial statements and held discussions with these entities’ management about their current financial conditions and future economic outlooks. We also considered our willingness to support future funding requirements as well as our intention and/or ability to hold these investments long-term. Based on these actions, in 2006, we concluded that certain of these investments had “other-than-temporary” impairments and, accordingly, we recorded impairment charges totaling $3.9 million as a component of other income (expense).
During 2006, in addition to the $3.9 million impairment charge mentioned above, we sold one cost-method investment for a gain of $5.2 million. In 2007, we recorded an additional $0.5 million gain for the final escrow payment related to the disposal of this investment. We recorded an additional $0.5 million gain in 2007 related to the sale of another investment, which was previously written down in 2006. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, we did not have any significant cost-method investments on our balance sheet.
Contractual maturities or expected liquidation dates of long-term marketable securities at December 31, 2008 were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
| | 1 - 2 years | | 3 years | | Total |
Auction rate securities | | $ | 91,680 | | $ | — | | $ | 91,680 |
| | | | | | | | | |
42
5. INVESTMENT IN IMAGO SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
In April 2008, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Imago Scientific Instruments Corporation (“Imago”) through which we will provide up to $1.0 million in strategic marketing and product road mapping through the first quarter of 2009 in exchange for a minority equity interest in the company. Imago also had the right to require us to purchase up to an additional $3.0 million of its preferred shares until the end of 2008. Imago did not exercise this right and the right terminated. There was no significant activity with respect to our investment in Imago through December 31, 2008.
Additionally, in February 2009, we informed Imago that we are not electing to exercise an option that we held to acquire a controlling interest in the company.
6. FACTORING OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
In 2008 and 2007, we entered into agreements under which we sold a total of $3.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of our accounts receivable at a discount to unrelated third party financiers without recourse. The transfers qualified for sales treatment under SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.” Discounts related to the sale of the receivables, which were immaterial, were recorded on our statements of operations as other expense.
7. INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2008 | | 2007 |
Raw materials and assembled parts | | $ | 44,458 | | $ | 48,732 |
Service inventories, estimated current requirements | | | 18,588 | | | 18,358 |
Work-in-process | | | 56,777 | | | 51,438 |
Finished goods | | | 21,786 | | | 20,234 |
| | | | | | |
Total inventories | | $ | 141,609 | | $ | 138,762 |
| | | | | | |
| | |
Non-current inventories | | $ | 41,072 | | $ | 42,168 |
| | | | | | |
Non-service inventory valuation adjustments totaled $1.7 million in 2008, $1.0 million in 2007 and were insignificant in 2006. Provision for service inventory valuation adjustments totaled $4.3 million, $4.0 million and $4.2 million, respectively, in 2008, 2007 and 2006.
8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Land | | $ | 7,780 | | | $ | 7,780 | |
Buildings and improvements | | | 18,195 | | | | 18,000 | |
Leasehold improvements | | | 7,079 | | | | 7,336 | |
Machinery and equipment | | | 76,375 | | | | 70,539 | |
Demonstration systems | | | 27,780 | | | | 25,232 | |
Other fixed assets | | | 25,173 | | | | 23,896 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 162,382 | | | | 152,783 | |
Accumulated depreciation | | | (85,391 | ) | | | (78,083 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | | $ | 76,991 | | | $ | 74,700 | |
| | | | | | | | |
43
In 2006, we recorded a $0.5 million charge as asset impairments on our consolidated statements of operations related to the write-off of costs related to our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system abandonment. No impairment charges were recorded in 2008 or 2007.
9. GOODWILL, PURCHASED TECHNOLOGY AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The roll-forward of our goodwill was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | |
Balance, beginning of year | | $ | 40,864 | | $ | 40,900 | |
Adjustments to goodwill | | | 100 | | | (36 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Balance, end of year | | $ | 40,964 | | $ | 40,864 | |
| | | | | | | |
Adjustments to goodwill include translation adjustments resulting from a portion of our goodwill being recorded on the books of our foreign subsidiaries.
Purchased Technology and Other Intangible Assets
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, our other intangible assets included purchased technology, patents, trademarks and other and note issuance costs. The gross amount of our other intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amortization Period | | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007(1) | |
Purchased technology | | 5 to 12 years | | $ | 46,492 | | | $ | 46,371 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | | | (45,197 | ) | | | (43,509 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | $ | 1,295 | | | $ | 2,862 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Patents, trademarks and other | | 2 to 15 years | | $ | 7,569 | | | $ | 7,167 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | | | (3,612 | ) | | | (2,534 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 3,957 | | | | 4,633 | |
Note issuance costs | | 5 to 7 years | | | 3,159 | | | | 12,165 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | | | (1,165 | ) | | | (9,262 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 1,994 | | | | 2,903 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total intangible assets included in other long-term assets | | | | $ | 5,951 | | | $ | 7,536 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | Restated for the effects of the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. See Note 24. |
See Note 11 for a discussion of note issuance cost write-offs totaling $0.1 million in 2008 and $0.3 million in 2006 related to the convertible note redemptions.
Amortization expense, excluding note issuance cost write-offs, and including amortization of the debt discount under FSP APB 14-1 (see note 24), was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Purchased technology | | $ | 1,808 | | $ | 1,777 | | $ | 2,034 |
Capitalized software | | | — | | | — | | | 131 |
Patents, trademarks and other | | | 1,108 | | | 754 | | | 502 |
Note issuance costs | | | 767 | | | 1,295 | | | 1,145 |
Debt discount | | | 6,487 | | | 12,144 | | | 11,116 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 10,170 | | $ | 15,970 | | $ | 14,928 |
| | | | | | | | | |
44
Expected amortization, without consideration for foreign currency effects, is as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Purchased Technology | | Patents, Trademarks and Other | | Note Issuance Costs |
2009 | | $ | 694 | | $ | 796 | | $ | 452 |
2010 | | | 432 | | | 791 | | | 452 |
2011 | | | 57 | | | 729 | | | 452 |
2012 | | | 57 | | | 684 | | | 452 |
2013 | | | 55 | | | 626 | | | 186 |
Thereafter | | | — | | | 331 | | | — |
10. CREDIT FACILITIES AND RESTRICTED CASH
On June 4, 2008, we entered into a multibank credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a $100.0 million secured revolving credit facility, including a $50.0 million subfacility for the issuance of letters of credit. We may, upon notice to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (the “Agent”), request to increase the revolving loan commitments by an aggregate amount of up to $50.0 million with new or additional commitments subject only to the consent of the lender(s) providing the new or additional commitments, for a total secured credit facility of up to $150.0 million. In connection with this loan agreement, we incurred approximately $0.8 million of loan origination fees, which are being amortized over the five-year term of the loan.
The Credit Agreement contains quarterly commitment fees that vary based on borrowings outstanding.
The revolving loans under the Credit Agreement will generally bear interest, at our option, at either (i) the alternate base rate, which is defined as a rate per annum equal to the higher of (A) Agent’s prime rate as announced from time to time and (B) the average rate of the overnight federal funds plus a margin equal to 0.50%, plus a margin equal to between 0.00% and 0.50%, depending on our leverage ratio as of the fiscal quarter most recently ended, or (ii) a floating per annum rate based on LIBOR (based on one, two, three or six-month interest periods) plus a margin equal to between 1.00% and 2.00%, depending on our leverage ratio as of the fiscal quarter most recently ended. A default interest rate shall apply on all obligations during an event of default under the Credit Agreement, at a rate per annum equal to 2.00% above the applicable interest rate. Revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until June 4, 2013 and voluntarily prepaid at any time without premium or penalty.
The obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by our present and future material domestic subsidiaries. In addition, obligations outstanding under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets and the assets of our material domestic subsidiaries.
The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants for a credit facility of this size and type, that include, among others, covenants that limit our ability to incur indebtedness, create liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, make investments, enter into swap agreements, pay dividends or make distributions, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into restrictive agreements and enter into sale and leaseback transactions. The Credit Agreement provides for financial covenants that require us to maintain a minimum interest coverage ratio and minimum liquidity, and limit the maximum leverage that we can maintain at any one time.
The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default for a credit facility of this size and type that include, among others, non-payment defaults, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to certain other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, material judgments defaults, defaults for the occurrence of certain ERISA events and change of control defaults. The occurrence of an event of default could result in an acceleration of the obligations under the Credit Agreement.
45
As of December 31, 2008, there were no revolving loans or letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Agreement, we were in compliance with all covenants and we were not in default under the Credit Agreement.
We also have a 50.0 million yen unsecured and uncommitted bank borrowing facility in Japan and various limited facilities in select foreign countries. No amounts were outstanding under any of these facilities as of December 31, 2008.
As part of our contracts with certain customers, we are required to provide letters of credit or bank guarantees which these customers can draw against in the event we do not perform in accordance with our contractual obligations. At December 31, 2008, we had $46.5 million of these guarantees and letters of credit outstanding, of which approximately $45.8 million were secured by restricted cash deposits. Restricted cash balances securing bank guarantees that expire within 12 months of the balance sheet date are recorded as a current asset on our consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash balances securing bank guarantees that expire beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date are recorded as long-term restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheet.
11. CONVERTIBLE NOTES
2.875% Convertible Subordinated Notes
On May 19, 2006, we issued $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible subordinated notes. The interest rate on the notes is 2.875%, payable semi-annually. The notes are due on June 1, 2013, are subordinated to all previously existing and future senior indebtedness, and are effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. The cost of this transaction, including underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, totaled $3.1 million and is recorded on our balance sheet in other long-term assets and is being amortized over the life of the notes. The amortization of these costs totals $0.1 million per quarter and is reflected as additional interest expense in our statements of operations. The notes are convertible into 3,918,395 shares of our common stock, at the note holder’s option, at a price of $29.35 per share.
In February 2009, we repurchased $10.0 million principal amount of our 2.875% Convertible Subordinated Notes for approximately $8.7 million.
5.5% Convertible Subordinated Notes
On August 3, 2001, we issued $175.0 million of convertible subordinated notes, due August 15, 2008, through a private placement. The notes have been fully redeemed with the following transactions:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Date | | Amount Redeemed | | Redemption Price | | Redemption Premium | | Related Note Issuance Costs Written Off |
June 2003 | | $ | 30.0 million | | 102.75% | | $ | 0.8 million | | $ | 0.7 million |
May 2005 | | | 70.0 million | | 101.0% | | $ | 0.7 million | | | 1.1 million |
February 2006 | | | 24.9 million | | 100.375% | | $ | 0.1 million | | | 0.3 million |
June 2006 | | | 4.2 million | | 100.4% - 100.5% | | $ | 0.1 million | | | — |
January 2008 | | | 45.9 million | | 100.0% | | | — | | | 0.1 million |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | $175.0 million | | | | $ | 1.7 million | | $ | 2.2 million |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The redemption premium and write-off of related note issuance costs were included as a component of interest expense in the period of redemption. As of December 31, 2008, none of our 5.5% convertible subordinated notes remained outstanding.
Zero Coupon Convertible Subordinated Notes
On June 13, 2003, we issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of zero coupon convertible subordinated notes. The stated interest rate on the notes was zero. See Note 24 for interest expense recorded pursuant to the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. The notes were due on June 15, 2023 and were first puttable to us at the noteholder’s option (in whole or in part) for cash on June 15, 2008, at a price equal to 100.25% of the principal amount, and on June 15, 2013 and 2018, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount.
46
The noteholders of $148.9 million principal amount put their notes to us on June 15, 2008 at 100.25% of the principal amount. Accordingly, the $148.9 million principal amount, plus $0.4 million of premium, was paid to the noteholders in June 2008. The premium was reflected as additional interest expense in 2008. In addition, unamortized debt offering costs, which totaled $0.2 million, were also recognized as additional interest expense in 2008.
We called the remaining $1.1 million of outstanding notes on July 30, 2008. On August 14, $1.0 million of notes were converted to 37,335 shares of our common stock and $0.1 million was paid in cash to redeem the notes.
As of December 31, 2008, none of our zero coupon convertible subordinated notes remained outstanding.
12. LEASE OBLIGATIONS
We have operating leases for certain of our manufacturing and administrative facilities that extend through 2019. The lease agreements generally provide for payment of base rental amounts plus our share of property taxes and common area costs. The leases generally provide renewal options at current market rates.
Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rent expense was $7.6 million in 2008, $7.1 million in 2007 and $7.1 million in 2006.
The approximate future minimum rental payments due under these agreements as of December 31, 2008, were as follows (in thousands):
| | | |
Year Ending December 31, | | |
2009 | | $ | 6,161 |
2010 | | | 5,844 |
2011 | | | 5,647 |
2012 | | | 5,662 |
2013 | | | 4,533 |
Thereafter | | | 25,389 |
| | | |
Total | | $ | 53,236 |
| | | |
13. INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Current: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,724 | ) |
State | | | (63 | ) | | | (756 | ) | | | 211 | |
Foreign | | | 8,112 | | | | 11,720 | | | | 10,169 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 8,049 | | | | 10,964 | | | | 8,656 | |
Deferred (benefit) expense | | | 563 | | | | (2,887 | ) | | | 1,811 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total income tax expense | | $ | 8,612 | | | $ | 8,077 | | | $ | 10,467 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
47
The effective income tax rate applied to net income varied from the U.S. federal statutory rate due to the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Tax expense at statutory rates | | $ | 11,520 | | | $ | 23,108 | | | $ | 9,841 | |
Increase (decrease) resulting from: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | | | 520 | | | | 343 | | | | 211 | |
Foreign taxes | | | (1,343 | ) | | | (7,829 | ) | | | 1,265 | |
Research and experimentation benefit | | | (1,982 | ) | | | (1,268 | ) | | | (324 | ) |
Tax audit settlements | | | (1,483 | ) | | | (4,694 | ) | | | — | |
Non-deductible items | | | 1,527 | | | | 1,664 | | | | 915 | |
Change in valuation allowance | | | (464 | ) | | | (5,305 | ) | | | (1,506 | ) |
Other | | | 317 | | | | 2,058 | | | | 65 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 8,612 | | | $ | 8,077 | | | $ | 10,467 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our tax provision in 2008, 2007 and 2006 primarily reflected taxes on foreign earnings, offset by the release of valuation allowance recorded against net operating loss deferred tax assets utilized to offset income earned in the U.S. and reflects the effects of the non-deductible, non-cash interest expense recorded upon adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. See Note 24 for more information regarding the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. As detailed in the table above, the 2008 and 2007 provisions were also affected by releases of $1.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as a result of settlements with taxing authorities.
We continue to record a valuation allowance against our remaining U.S. deferred tax assets as we do not believe it is more likely than not that the benefit of the deferred tax assets will be realized in future periods.
Current taxes payable were reduced for foreign tax benefits recorded to common stock and related to stock compensation of $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively, in 2008, 2007 and 2006. No tax benefits were recorded in the U.S. for excess tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation in 2008, 2007 or 2006 due to our current valuation allowance against net operating losses in the U.S.
Deferred Income Taxes
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities were included in the following consolidated balance sheet accounts:
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Deferred tax assets – current | | $ | 2,884 | | | $ | 4,788 | |
Deferred tax assets – non-current | | | 2,188 | | | | 2,641 | |
Other current liabilities | | | (274 | ) | | | (385 | ) |
Deferred tax liabilities – non-current | | | (4,164 | ) | | | (4,479 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 634 | | | $ | 2,565 | |
| | | | | | | | |
48
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | |
Accrued liabilities | | $ | 1,397 | | | $ | 945 | |
Warranty reserves | | | 1,236 | | | | 1,331 | |
Inventory reserves | | | 6,704 | | | | 5,168 | |
Allowance for bad debts | | | 256 | | | | 489 | |
Revenue recognition | | | 2,874 | | | | 5,538 | |
Loss carryforwards | | | 20,983 | | | | 21,771 | |
Tax credit carryforwards | | | 8,087 | | | | 5,384 | |
Fixed assets | | | 443 | | | | 624 | |
Intangible assets | | | 3,054 | | | | 2,507 | |
Unrealized investment | | | 1,588 | | | | 473 | |
Stock compensation | | | 614 | | | | 334 | |
Other assets | | | 657 | | | | 2,405 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Gross deferred tax assets | | | 47,893 | | | | 46,969 | |
Valuation allowance | | | (42,821 | ) | | | (39,540 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax assets | | | 5,072 | | | | 7,429 | |
| | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Fixed assets | | | (221 | ) | | | (229 | ) |
Other liabilities | | | (4,217 | ) | | | (4,635 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | | | (4,438 | ) | | | (4,864 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax asset | | $ | 634 | | | $ | 2,565 | |
| | | | | | | | |
At December 31, 2008, we had approximately $55.3 million of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards that can be used to offset future income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which expire through 2028, and approximately $36.3 million for Oregon income tax purposes, which expire through 2023. Approximately $0.5 million of the decrease in net operating loss carryforwards was due to excess tax benefits relating to share-based compensation and other equity related items in 2008. Additionally, deferred tax expense of $0.1 million, $0.8 million and $1.6 million was recorded in other comprehensive income in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Our valuation allowances on deferred tax assets totaled $42.8 million and $39.5 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” establishes a more likely than not standard. If it is determined that it is “more likely than not” that deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance must be established against the deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the associated temporary differences become deductible. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, historical operating performance, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Our “more likely than not” assessment was principally based upon our historical losses in the U.S. and our forecast of future profitability in certain tax jurisdictions, primarily the U.S.
Federal and state research and development tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2008 were $6.1 million and expire between 2009 and 2028. Federal foreign tax credits as of December 31, 2008 were $1.3 million and expire between 2010 and 2011. We also have $1.3 million of alternative minimum tax carryforwards, which do not expire.
As of December 31, 2008, U.S. income taxes have not been provided for approximately $172.5 million of cumulative undistributed earnings of several non-U.S. subsidiaries, as our current intention is to reinvest these earnings indefinitely outside the U.S. Foreign tax provisions have been provided for these cumulative undistributed earnings. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, we would be subject to both U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes payable to the various foreign countries. Similarly, we have not provided deferred taxes on the cumulative translation adjustment related to those non-U.S. subsidiaries.
49
Unrecognized Tax Benefits Under Interpretation No. 48 and Other Tax Contingencies
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. As of December 31, 2008, unrecognized tax benefits related mainly to uncertainty surrounding intercompany pricing and permanent establishment. A reconciliation of our unrecognized tax benefits and related deferred tax assets was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Unrecognized Tax Benefits | | | Deferred Tax Assets | |
Balance at January 1, 2007 | | $ | 17,602 | | | $ | 8,541 | |
Additions for tax positions taken in 2007 | | | 11,261 | | | | — | |
Additions for tax positions taken in prior periods | | | 380 | | | | — | |
Decreases for lapses in statutes of limitation | | | (261 | ) | | | — | |
Decreases for settlements with taxing authorities | | | (13,235 | ) | | | (8,541 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2007 | | | 15,747 | | | | — | |
Additions for tax positions taken in 2008 | | | 4,060 | | | | — | |
Increases for tax positions taken in prior periods | | | 375 | | | | — | |
Decreases for lapses in statutes of limitation | | | (332 | ) | | | — | |
Decreases for settlements with taxing authorities | | | (1,483 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2008 | | $ | 18,367 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Current and non-current liability components of unrecognized tax benefits were classified on the balance sheet as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2008 | | 2007 |
Other current liabilities | | $ | 445 | | $ | 332 |
Other liabilities | | | 17,922 | | | 15,415 |
| | | | | | |
Unrecognized tax benefits | | $ | 18,367 | | $ | 15,747 |
| | | | | | |
The entire balance of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would reduce our effective tax rate.
We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits included accruals for interest and penalties of $1.7 million and $1.4 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Tax expense included the following relating to interest and penalties (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
Benefit for lapse of statutes of limitations and settlement with taxing authorities | | $ | (684 | ) | | $ | (900 | ) |
Accruals for current and prior periods | | | 936 | | | | 805 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 252 | | | $ | (95 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
During 2007, we requested a bilateral Advance Pricing Agreement (“APA”) between the U.S. and Dutch tax authorities under the mutual agreement procedures of the tax treaty. The requested transfer pricing methodologies would result in a total of approximately $44.9 million of additional tax deductions in The Netherlands and $44.9 million of additional taxable income in the U.S. The additional income in the U.S. can be offset by net operating loss carryforwards. As the outcome of the requested APA is not considered more likely than not, we have not recognized the benefit resulting from the use of the net operating loss carryforwards. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of a possible agreement between the taxing authorities, we believe it is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits related to this matter could decrease in the range of zero to $12.8 million in the next 12 months.
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For the remainder of the unrecognized tax benefits, we believe it is reasonably possible they could decrease, in the next 12 months, between zero and $0.4 million due to lapses of statutes of limitations and between zero and $2.1 million as the result of settlements with taxing authorities.
For our major tax jurisdictions, the following years were open for examination by the tax authorities as of December 31, 2008:
| | |
Jurisdiction | | Open Tax Years |
U.S. | | 2004 and forward |
The Netherlands | | 2005 and forward |
Czech Republic | | 2005 and forward |
14. RESTRUCTURING, REORGANIZATION, RELOCATION AND SEVERANCE
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” Under SFAS No. 146, liabilities for costs associated with exit or disposal activities are recognized and measured at fair value in the period the liability is incurred.
In April 2008, we adopted a restructuring plan for which we incurred $4.3 million of costs in 2008 and we expect to incur between approximately $2.7 million and $4.7 million in 2009 related to the implementation of this plan. We expect some portion of these expenses will fall within SFAS No. 146. Some of the expenses, however, may not fall within the specific requirements of SFAS No. 146. We are undertaking the restructuring with the aim of improving the efficiency of our operations and improving the currency balance in our supply chain so that more of our costs are denominated in dollar or dollar-linked currencies. These actions are expected to reduce operating expenses, improve our factory utilization and help offset the effect of a weakened dollar on our cost of goods sold. The main activities, approximate range of associated costs and expected timing are described in the table below. Presently, all of the costs described are expected to result in cash expenditures and we currently expect the approximate total cost of the restructuring to range from $7.0 million to $9.0 million.
A summary of the anticipated restructuring expenses is as follows:
| | | | |
Type of Expense | | Approximate Range of Expected Costs | | Amount Incurred and Expected Timing for Remainder of Charges |
Severance costs related to work force reduction of 3% (approximately 60 employees) | | $3.0 million - $4.0 million | | $2.8 million incurred. Remainder in the first half of 2009. |
| | |
Transfer of manufacturing and other activities | | $2.0 million - $2.5 million | | $0.2 million incurred. Remainder in 2009. |
| | |
Shift of supply chain | | $2.0 million - $2.5 million | | $1.3 million incurred. Remainder in 2009. |
The $0.3 million net reversal of restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance costs in 2007 related to favorable buyouts of our Peabody lease, offset by changes in estimates incorporated into our restructuring accrual related to our ability to sublease certain other abandoned facilities under lease.
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance in 2006 included charges of $3.3 million for facilities and severance charges related to the closure of certain of our European field offices, closure of a research and development facility in Tempe, Arizona, as well as residual costs related to the Peabody plant closure and the downsizing of the related semiconductor businesses.
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Effective April 1, 2006, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) was terminated. Our CEO was a party to an existing Executive Severance Agreement, which resulted in a severance charge of $9.3 million, of which $2.2 million related to the cash severance payments and $7.1 million related to the non-cash expense associated with the fair market value of the modified stock options, which modified the original awards to (i) accelerate all unvested stock options; (ii) waive the cancellation clause upon termination of employment; and (iii) extend their legal lives.
The following tables summarize the charges, expenditures and write-offs and adjustments in 2008, 2007 and 2006 related to our restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance accruals (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2008 | | Beginning Accrued Liability | | Charged to Expense, Net | | | Expenditures | | | Write-Offs and Adjustments | | | Ending Accrued Liability |
Severance, outplacement and related benefits for terminated employees | | $ | — | | $ | 2,787 | | | $ | (2,456 | ) | | $ | (110 | ) | | $ | 221 |
Transfer of manufacturing and related activities and shift of supply chain | | | — | | | 1,620 | | | | (1,620 | ) | | | — | | | | — |
Abandoned leases, leasehold improvements and facilities | | | 580 | | | (140 | ) | | | (389 | ) | | | (32 | ) | | | 19 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 580 | | $ | 4,267 | | | $ | (4,465 | ) | | $ | (142 | ) | | $ | 240 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2007 | | Beginning Accrued Liability | | Charged (Credited) to Expense | | | Expenditures | | | Write-Offs and Adjustments | | | Ending Accrued Liability |
Severance, outplacement and related benefits for terminated employees | | $ | 178 | | $ | 8 | | | $ | (187 | ) | | $ | 1 | | | $ | — |
Abandoned leases, leasehold improvements and facilities | | | 2,261 | | | (280 | ) | | | (1,454 | ) | | | 53 | | | | 580 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,439 | | $ | (272 | ) | | $ | (1,641 | ) | | $ | 54 | | | $ | 580 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | Beginning Accrued Liability | | Charged to Expense | | | Expenditures | | | Write-Offs and Adjustments | | | Ending Accrued Liability |
Severance, outplacement and related benefits for terminated employees | | $ | 1,778 | | $ | 2,619 | | | $ | (4,343 | ) | | $ | 124 | | | $ | 178 |
Abandoned leases, leasehold improvements and facilities | | | 3,496 | | | 665 | | | | (1,906 | ) | | | 6 | | | | 2,261 |
CEO severance, excluding stock-based compensation | | | — | | | 2,235 | | | | (2,235 | ) | | | — | | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 5,274 | | $ | 5,519 | | | $ | (8,484 | ) | | $ | 130 | | | $ | 2,439 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Restructuring, reorganization, relocation and severance in 2006 also included the $7.1 million non-cash charge for stock-based compensation discussed above.
The accrual for abandoned leases is related to buildings we exited as part of our 2005 restructuring activities and is net of estimated sublease payments to be received and will be paid over the respective lease terms.
The restructuring charges are based on estimates that are subject to change. Workforce related charges could change because of shifts in timing, redeployment or changes in amounts of severance and outplacement benefits. Facilities charges could change due to changes in expected sublease income. Our ability to generate sublease income is dependent upon lease market conditions at the time we negotiate the sublease arrangements. Variances from these estimates could alter our ability to achieve anticipated expense reductions in the planned timeframe and modify our expected cash outflows and working capital.
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15. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock Rights Plan
On July 21, 2005, the Board of Directors adopted a Preferred Stock Rights Plan. Pursuant to the Preferred Stock Rights Plan, we distributed Rights as a dividend at the rate of one Right for each share of our common stock held by shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 12, 2005. The Rights expire on August 12, 2015, unless redeemed or exchanged.
The Rights are not exercisable until the earlier of: (1) 10 days (or such later date as may be determined by the Board of Directors) following an announcement that a person or group has acquired beneficial ownership of 20% of our common stock or (2) 10 days (or such later date as may be determined by the Board of Directors) following the announcement of a tender offer which would result in a person or group obtaining beneficial ownership of 20% or more of our outstanding common stock, subject to certain exceptions (the earlier of such dates being called the Distribution Date). The Rights are initially exercisable for one-thousandth of a share of our Series A Preferred Stock at a price of $120 per one-thousandth share, subject to adjustment. However, if: (1) after the Distribution Date we are acquired in certain types of transactions, or (2) any person or group (with limited exceptions) acquires beneficial ownership of 20% of our common stock, then holders of Rights (other than the 20% holder) will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the Right, common stock (or in case we are completely acquired, common stock of the acquirer) having a market value of two times the exercise price of the Right. Philips Business Electronics International B.V., or any of its affiliates, shall not be considered for the 20% calculation so long as it does not acquire 30% or more of our common shares.
We are entitled to redeem the Rights, for $0.001 per Right, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, until certain specified times. We may also require the exchange of Rights, at a rate of one share of common stock for each Right, under certain circumstances. We also have the ability to amend the Rights, subject to certain limitations.
PEO Combination
On February 21, 1997, we acquired substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the electron optics business of Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (the “PEO Combination”), in a transaction accounted for as a reverse acquisition. As part of the PEO Combination, we agreed to issue to Philips additional shares of our common stock whenever stock options that were outstanding on the date of the closing of the PEO Combination are exercised. Any such additional shares are issued at a rate of approximately 1.22 shares to Philips for each share issued on exercise of these options. We receive no additional consideration for these shares issued to Philips under this agreement. We did not issue any shares in 2008, 2007 or 2006 to Philips under this agreement. As of December 31, 2008, 185,000 shares of our common stock are potentially issuable and reserved for issuance as a result of this agreement.
Stock Incentive Plans
As of December 31, 2008, a total of 5,382,015 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to our stock incentive plans.
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16. STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-Based Compensation Information
Certain information regarding our stock-based compensation was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Weighted average grant-date fair value of share options granted | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 6,069 |
Weighted average grant-date fair value of restricted shares and restricted stock units | | | 11,013 | | | 8,538 | | | 7,458 |
Total intrinsic value of share options exercised | | | 3,064 | | | 34,083 | | | 3,711 |
Fair value of restricted shares and restricted stock units vested | | | 4,594 | | | 2,528 | | | 57 |
Cash received from options exercised and shares purchased under all share-based arrangements | | | 14,097 | | | 40,894 | | | 13,147 |
Tax benefit realized for stock options | | | 329 | | | 391 | | | 1,422 |
1995 Stock Incentive Plan and 1995 Supplemental Stock Incentive Plan
Our 1995 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “1995 Plan”) allows for the issuance of a maximum of 9,750,000 shares of our common stock and our 1995 Supplemental Stock Incentive Plan (the “1995 Supplemental Plan”) allows for the issuance of a maximum of 500,000 shares of our common stock.
We maintain stock incentive plans for selected directors, officers, employees and certain other parties that allow the Board of Directors to grant options (incentive and nonqualified), stock and cash bonuses, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and restricted shares. The Board of Directors’ ability to grant options under either the 1995 Plan or the 1995 Supplemental Plan will terminate, if the plans are not amended, when all shares reserved for issuance have been issued and all restrictions on such shares have lapsed, or earlier, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. At December 31, 2008, there were 2,555,273 shares available for grant under these plans and 5,382,015 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance. Activity under these plans was as follows (share amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | Shares Subject to Options | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Balances, December 31, 2007 | | 2,569 | | | $ | 23.25 |
Forfeited | | (6 | ) | | | 19.03 |
Expired | | (83 | ) | | | 27.49 |
Exercised | | (477 | ) | | | 19.52 |
| | | | | | |
Balances, December 31, 2008 | | 2,003 | | | | 23.99 |
| | | | | | |
| | |
| | Restricted Shares and Restricted Stock Units | | | Weighted Average Grant Date Per Share Fair Value |
Balances, December 31, 2007 | | 593 | | | $ | 28.60 |
Granted | | 452 | | | | 24.39 |
Forfeited | | (56 | ) | | | 29.57 |
Vested | | (164 | ) | | | 28.08 |
| | | | | | |
Balances, December 31, 2008 | | 825 | | | | 26.49 |
| | | | | | |
Included in the above activity tables are 100,000 options to purchase our common stock and 75,000 RSUs granted to our chief executive officer in the third quarter of 2006. These grants were made outside of our plans at an exercise price of $19.38 per share for the options and a $19.38 per share fair value at grant date for the RSUs. The stock options and 25,000 of the RSUs vest over four years and 50,000 of the RSUs vested over a one-year period. We reduced the number of shares available for grant under the 1995 Plan by a number equal to the option and RSU grants made outside the 1995 Plan.
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Summary
Certain information regarding all options outstanding as of December 31, 2008 was as follows (share amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | Options Outstanding | | Options Exercisable |
Number | | | 2,003 | | | 1,842 |
Weighted average exercise price | | $ | 23.99 | | $ | 24.39 |
Aggregate intrinsic value | | $ | 0.8 million | | $ | 0.8 million |
Weighted average remaining contractual term | | | 2.86 years | | | 2.71 years |
As of December 31, 2008, unrecognized stock-based compensation related to outstanding, but unvested stock options, restricted shares and RSUs was $20.5 million, which will be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 1.89 years.
Employee Share Purchase Plan
In 1998, we implemented an Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). A total of 2,700,000 shares of our common stock may be issued pursuant to the ESPP, as amended. Under the ESPP, employees may elect to have compensation withheld and placed in a designated stock subscription account for purchase of our common stock. Each ESPP offering period consists of one six-month purchase period. The purchase price in a purchase period is set at a 15% discount to the lower of the market price on either the first day of the applicable offering period or the purchase date. The ESPP allows a maximum purchase of 1,000 shares by each employee during any two consecutive offering periods. A total of 258,915 shares were purchased pursuant to the ESPP during 2008 at a weighted average purchase price of $18.55 per share, which represented a weighted average discount of $3.27 per share compared to the fair market value of our common stock on the dates of purchase. At December 31, 2008, 783,052 shares of our common stock remained available for purchase and were reserved for issuance under the ESPP.
Stock Option Acceleration of Vesting
The vesting of certain stock options and restricted stock was accelerated in 2006 upon the termination of our former Chief Executive Officer. See Note 14 above.
17. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Pension Plans
Employee retirement plans have been established in some foreign countries in accordance with the legal requirements and customs in the countries involved. The majority of employees in Europe, Asia and Canada are covered by defined benefit, multi-employer or defined contribution pension plans. The benefits provided by these plans are based primarily on years of service and employees’ compensation near retirement. Employees in the U.S. are covered by a profit sharing 401(k) plan, which is a defined contribution plan.
Employees in the Netherlands participate with other companies in making collectively-bargained payments to the Metal-Electro Industry pension fund. Pension costs relating to this multi-employer plan were $7.8 million in 2008, $6.7 million in 2007 and $6.3 million in 2006.
Outside the U.S. and the Netherlands, employees are covered under various defined contribution and defined benefit plans as required by local law.
Plan costs for our defined contribution plans outside the U.S. and the Netherlands totaled $1.3 million in 2008, $0.8 million in 2007 and $0.4 million in 2006.
Plan costs for our defined benefit pension plans were insignificant in 2008, $0.9 million in 2007 and $0.3 million in 2006. Obligations under the defined benefit pension plans are not funded. A liability for the projected benefit obligations of these plans of $1.5 million and $2.5 million was included in other non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Unrealized gains (losses) recorded in
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other comprehensive income related to the additional minimum pension liability for these plans totaled $0.5 million in 2008, $0.2 million in 2007 and $(0.6) million in 2006. Due to the immateriality of these defined benefit pension plan costs, we have not included all disclosures required by SFAS No. 87, “Employers Accounting for Pensions,” and SFAS No. 132 (Revised 2003), “Employer’s Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits.”
Profit Share and Variable Compensation Programs
We maintain an Employee Profit Share Plan and a Management Variable Compensation Plan for management-level employees to reward achievement of corporate and individual objectives. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors generally determines the structure of the overall incentive program at the beginning of each year. In setting the structure and the amount of the overall target incentive pool, the Compensation Committee considers potential size of the pool in relation to our earnings and other financial estimates, the achievability of the corporate targets under the plan, historical payouts under the plan and other factors. The total cost of these plans was $4.2 million in 2008, $9.2 million in 2007 and $9.3 million in 2006.
Profit Sharing 401(k) Plan
We maintain a profit sharing 401(k) plan that covers substantially all U.S. employees. Employees may elect to defer a portion of their compensation, and we may contribute an amount approved by the Board of Directors. We match 100% of employee contributions to the 401(k) plan up to 3% of each employee’s eligible compensation. Employees must meet certain requirements to be eligible for the matching contribution. We contributed $1.3 million in 2008, $1.4 million in 2007 and $1.1 million in 2006 to this plan. Our 401(k) plan does not allow for the investment in shares of our common stock.
Deferred Compensation Plan
We maintain a deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”) which permits certain employees to defer payment of a portion of their annual compensation. We do not match deferrals or make any additional contributions to the Plan. Distributions from the Plan are generally payable as a lump sum payment or in multi-year installments as directed by the participant according to the Plan provisions. Undistributed amounts under the Plan are subject to the claims of our creditors. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the invested amounts under the Plan totaled $2.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively, and were recorded on our balance sheets as non-current investments in marketable securities and as a long-term liability to recognize undistributed amounts due to employees.
18. RELATED-PARTY ACTIVITY
Philips
Until December 2006, Philips Business Electronics International B.V. (“Philips”), a subsidiary of Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V., owned approximately 25% of our common stock. As of December 31, 2006, Philips did not own any of our common stock. In addition, during 2006, one of our directors, Mr. Jan C. Lobbezoo served as the Executive Vice President of Philips International B.V. with responsibility for financial oversight of several minority shareholdings of Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. For sales to Philips prior to the divesture date, see “Other Transactions” below. We continue to purchase certain subassemblies, as well as research and development services, from Philips-related entities.
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Other Transactions
We have sold products and services to LSI Corporation, Applied Materials, Inc., Nanosys, Inc. and Cascade Microtech, Inc. A director of Applied Materials, the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of LSI and the former Executive Chairman of Nanosys are all members of our Board of Directors. In addition, our Chief Financial Officer is currently on the board of directors of Cascade Microtech, Inc.
Sales to Philips (while they were a related party in 2006), Applied Materials, LSI (while they were a related party prior to 2007), Nanosys and Cascade Microtech, Inc. were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Product sales: | | | | | | | | | |
Applied Materials | | $ | 2,123 | | $ | 897 | | $ | 1,353 |
Philips | | | — | | | — | | | 842 |
Cascade Microtech | | | — | | | — | | | 311 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total product sales | | | 2,123 | | | 897 | | | 2,506 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Service sales: | | | | | | | | | |
Applied Materials | | | 332 | | | 306 | | | 266 |
Cascade Microtech | | | 27 | | | 15 | | | — |
LSI Logic | | | — | | | — | | | 172 |
Nanosys | | | — | | | — | | | 23 |
Philips | | | — | | | — | | | 1,685 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total service sales | | | 359 | | | 321 | | | 2,146 |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total sales | | $ | 2,482 | | $ | 1,218 | | $ | 4,652 |
| | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2008, Applied Materials did not owe us any amounts related to its purchases.
During 2008, we purchased $17,000 worth of goods from Cascade Microtech, Inc. and, as of December 31, 2008, we owed Cascade Microtech, Inc. $11,000 for these purchases.
During 2008 we purchased $2.5 million of goods from Schneeberger, Inc. One of the members of our Board of Directors also serves on the Board of Directors of Schneeberger, Inc. As of December 31, 2008, we owed Schneeberger, Inc. $0.5 million for these purchases.
During 2008, we purchased services totaling $92,000 from Fidelity Investments. FMR LLC, the parent company of Fidelity Investments, is a greater than 5% shareholder. At December 31, 2008 we did not owe Fidelity Investments any amounts related to these purchases.
During 2008, we purchased goods totaling $439,000 from TMC BV. One of the members of our Board of Directors also serves on the Supervisory Board of TMC BV. At December 31, 2008 we did not owe TMC BV any amounts related to these purchases.
During 2008 and 2007, we purchased services totaling $150,000 and $157,000, respectively, from EasyStreet Online Services. One of the members of our Board of Directors also serves on the Board of Directors of EasyStreet Online Services. As of December 31, 2008, we owed EasyStreet Online Services $5,000 for these purchased services.
19. RISK MANAGEMENT AND DERIVATIVES
We are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We use derivatives to manage financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. We do not hold or issue derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives either to assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet or to forecasted transactions. Derivatives entered into by us that are linked to forecasted transactions have been designated as cash flow hedges commencing April 5, 2004.
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All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. Unrealized gain positions are recorded as other current assets, and unrealized loss positions are recorded as other current liabilities as all maturity dates are less than one year. Changes in fair values of outstanding derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges and are highly effective are recorded in other comprehensive income until net income is affected by the variability of cash flows of the hedged transaction. Changes in the fair value of derivatives either not designated or effective as hedging instruments are recognized in earnings in the current period and primarily relate to derivatives linked to specific non-functional currency denominated assets and liabilities on the balance sheet.
Cash Flow Hedges
The purpose of our foreign currency hedging activities is to protect us from the risk that the eventual cash flows resulting from transactions in foreign currencies will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates. It is our policy to utilize derivatives to reduce foreign exchange risks where internal netting strategies cannot be effectively employed.
Derivatives used by us to hedge foreign currency exchange risks are zero cost collar contracts and option contracts. These instruments protect against the risk that the eventual net cash inflows from foreign currency denominated transactions will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates beyond a range specified at the inception of the hedging relationship. We hedge up to 90% of anticipated U.S. dollar denominated sales of our foreign subsidiaries for a rolling 12-month period.
All zero cost collar contracts entered into by us to hedge forecasted transactions qualify for, and are designated as, foreign-currency cash flow hedges. Changes in fair values of outstanding cash flow hedge derivatives that are highly effective are recorded in other comprehensive income until net income is affected by the variability of the cash flows of the hedged transaction. In most cases, amounts recorded in other comprehensive income will be released to net income in the quarter that the related derivative matures. Results of hedges are recorded as cost of sales when the underlying hedged transaction affects net income.
Actual amounts ultimately reclassified to net income are dependent on the exchange rates in effect when derivative contracts that are currently outstanding mature. As of December 31, 2008, the maximum term over which we are hedging exposures to the variability of cash flows for all forecasted and recorded transactions was 12 months. We continually monitor our hedge positions and forecasted transactions and, in the event changes to our forecast occur, we may have dedesignations of our cash flow hedges in the future. Additionally, given the volatility in the global currency markets, the effectiveness attributed to these hedges may decrease or, in some instances, may result in dedesignation as a cash flow hedge, which would require us to record a charge in other income (expense) in the period of ineffectiveness or dedesignation. No significant charges were recorded in other income (expense) related to hedge dedesignations in 2008, 2007 or 2006, or for ineffectiveness in 2007 or 2006. However, we recorded a $1.3 million charge for hedge ineffectiveness as a component of other, net in 2008 as a result of currency volatility.
We prospectively discontinue hedge accounting when (i) we determine that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of a hedged item (including hedged items such as firm commitments or forecasted transactions); (ii) it is no longer probable that the forecasted transaction will occur; or (iii) management determines that designating the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate. If we discontinue hedge accounting, the gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) will be recognized immediately in net income. In all situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative remains outstanding, we will carry the derivative at its fair value on the balance sheet, recognizing future changes in the fair value in current-period net income (loss). Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in current-period net income.
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Net realized gains (losses) related to cash flow hedges recorded in cost of sales were $6.0 million in 2008, $5.0 million in 2007 and $2.0 million in 2006. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, $(1.8) million and $2.2 million, respectively, of deferred net unrealized (losses) gains on outstanding derivatives were recorded as other comprehensive income. The 2008 deferred unrealized losses are expected to be reclassified to net income during the next 12 months as a result of underlying hedged transactions also being recorded in net income.
Cash Flow Hedge Termination
In the first quarter of 2008, we terminated $44.5 million of outstanding forward extra cash flow hedges that were expiring after the first quarter of 2008. We recorded the $3.4 million realized gain from settlement of these contracts in other comprehensive income. These cash flow hedge gains were reclassified to cost of goods sold in the second through fourth quarters of 2008 as the underlying hedged transaction affected net income.
Other Derivatives
Changes in the fair value of foreign forward exchange contracts entered into to mitigate the foreign exchange risks related to non-functionally denominated cash, receivables and payables are recorded in other income (expense) currently together with the transaction gain or loss from the hedged balance sheet position. Excluding zero cost collar contracts and option losses, foreign exchange losses, net of the balance sheet hedge benefits, were $4.9 million in 2008, $3.1 million in 2007 and $1.9 million in 2006.
20. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
From time to time, we may be a party to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Currently, we are not a party to any litigation that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We have commitments under non-cancelable purchase orders, primarily relating to inventory, totaling $31.0 million at December 31, 2008. These commitments expire at various times through the fourth quarter of 2009.
21. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer.
We report our segments based on a market-focused organization. Our segments are: Electronics, Research and Industry, Life Sciences and Service and Components. During the first quarter of 2008, we renamed our markets, but did not reclassify revenue or cost categories between markets. Previously, the Electronics market was the NanoElectronics market; the Research and Industry market was the NanoResearch and Industry market; and the Life Sciences market was the NanoBiology market.
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The following table summarizes various financial amounts for each of our business segments (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2008 | | Electronics | | Research and Industry | | Life Sciences | | Service and Components | | Corporate and Eliminations | | Total |
Sales to external customers | | $ | 152,076 | | $ | 238,615 | | $ | 70,815 | | $ | 137,673 | | $ | — | | $ | 599,179 |
Gross profit | | | 72,258 | | | 97,023 | | | 26,683 | | | 38,577 | | | — | | | 234,541 |
| | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales to external customers | | $ | 198,663 | | $ | 214,551 | | $ | 51,874 | | $ | 127,422 | | $ | — | | $ | 592,510 |
Gross profit | | | 102,940 | | | 88,964 | | | 20,638 | | | 33,878 | | | — | | | 246,420 |
| | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales to external customers | | $ | 154,648 | | $ | 165,067 | | $ | 40,928 | | $ | 118,848 | | $ | — | | $ | 479,491 |
Gross profit | | | 76,030 | | | 70,207 | | | 16,664 | | | 33,545 | | | — | | | 196,446 |
| | | | | | |
December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 90,100 | | $ | 142,390 | | $ | 35,560 | | $ | 137,186 | | $ | 426,936 | | $ | 832,172 |
| | | | | | |
December 31, 2007(1) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 88,142 | | $ | 150,857 | | $ | 41,405 | | $ | 137,570 | | $ | 589,862 | | $ | 1,007,836 |
(1) | Restated for the effects of the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. See Note 24. |
Market segment disclosures are presented to the gross profit level as this is the primary performance measure for which the segment general managers are responsible. Selling, general and administrative, research and development and other operating expenses are managed and reported at the corporate level and, given allocation to the market segments would be arbitrary, have not been allocated to the market segments. See our Consolidated Statements of Operations for reconciliations from gross profit to income before income taxes. These reconciling items are not included in the measure of profit and loss for each reportable segment.
Our long-lived assets were geographically located as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
December 31, | | 2008 | | 2007(1) |
United States | | $ | 53,544 | | $ | 50,689 |
The Netherlands | | | 17,114 | | | 20,202 |
Other | | | 13,155 | | | 12,702 |
| | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 83,813 | | $ | 83,593 |
| | | | | | |
(1) Restated for the effects of the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1. See Note 24. |
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The following table summarizes sales by geographic region (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | North America | | Europe | | Asia- Pacific | | Total |
2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Product sales | | $ | 138,872 | | $ | 205,101 | | $ | 117,533 | | $ | 461,506 |
Service and component sales | | | 65,669 | | | 46,181 | | | 25,823 | | | 137,673 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total sales | | $ | 204,541 | | $ | 251,282 | | $ | 143,356 | | $ | 599,179 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
2007 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Product sales | | $ | 164,757 | | $ | 179,304 | | $ | 121,027 | | $ | 465,088 |
Service and component sales | | | 65,656 | | | 38,787 | | | 22,979 | | | 127,422 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total sales | | $ | 230,413 | | $ | 218,091 | | $ | 144,006 | | $ | 592,510 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Product sales | | $ | 104,879 | | $ | 150,933 | | $ | 104,831 | | $ | 360,643 |
Service and component sales | | | 62,510 | | | 36,296 | | | 20,042 | | | 118,848 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total sales | | $ | 167,389 | | $ | 187,229 | | $ | 124,873 | | $ | 479,491 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
None of our customers represented 10% or more of our total sales in 2008, 2007 or 2006.
Sales to countries which totaled 10% or more of our total sales were as follows (dollars in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | Dollar Amount | | % of Total Sales | |
2008 | | | | | | |
United States | | $ | 194,740 | | 32.5 | % |
| | |
2007 | | | | | | |
United States | | $ | 228,576 | | 38.6 | % |
| | |
2006 | | | | | | |
United States | | $ | 165,130 | | 34.4 | % |
Germany | | $ | 49,743 | | 10.4 | % |
22. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In the fourth quarter of 2006, we sold the assets and operations related to Knights Technology that was included as part of our NanoElectronics operating segment. We recognized a gain on the disposal of the discontinued operations of $3.3 million and received cash proceeds of $7.8 million. In the first quarter of 2007, we recognized an additional $0.1 million gain related to post-closing adjustments for working capital items. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2007, we recognized an additional $0.3 million gain related to the release of certain acquisition contingency accruals, as well as to amounts that had been held in escrow and subsequently paid to us once all contingencies surrounding the transaction were resolved. All historical statement of operations data has been restated to reflect the discontinued operations.
Certain financial information related to discontinued operations was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, | | 2007 | | 2006 | |
Revenue | | $ | — | | $ | 5,245 | |
Pre-tax (loss) income | | | — | | | (905 | ) |
Income tax expense | | | — | | | 42 | |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | | | 390 | | | 3,335 | |
Amount of goodwill and other intangible assets disposed of | | | — | | | 3,133 | |
No impairment charge was recorded related to the assets of the discontinued operations.
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23. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” for our financial assets and liabilities. The adoption of this portion of SFAS No. 157 did not have any effect on our financial position or results of operations and we do not expect the adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 157 related to non-financial assets and liabilities to have an effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Also effective January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. As of December 31, 2008, we elected to value a put right received from UBS at fair value pursuant to the provisions of SFAS No. 159. See Note 3.
As required by SFAS No. 157, financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.
The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
| • | | Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities as of the reporting date; |
| • | | Level 2 – other significant directly or indirectly observable inputs, including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds and credit risk; and |
| • | | Level 3 – significant inputs that are generally less observable than objective sources, including our own assumptions in determining fair value. |
The factors or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.
Following are the disclosures related to our financial assets and liabilities pursuant to SFAS No. 157 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
Assets | | | | | | | | | |
Auction rate marketable securities | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 91,680 |
Put right | | | — | | | — | | | 17,917 |
Available for sale marketable securities | | | 35,319 | | | — | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 35,319 | | $ | — | | $ | 109,597 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative contracts | | $ | — | | $ | 5,852 | | $ | — |
| | | | | | | | | |
A roll-forward of our Level 3 securities was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | |
| | Auction Rate Securities | | | Put Right |
Balance, December 31, 2007 | | $ | — | | | $ | — |
Fair value transferred in from Level 1 securities | | | 110,125 | | | | — |
Impairment charge reflected as a component of other income, net | | | (18,445 | ) | | | — |
Fair value of put right | | | — | | | | 17,917 |
| | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2008 | | $ | 91,680 | | | $ | 17,917 |
| | | | | | | |
See Note 3 for a discussion of the valuation techniques used for determining the fair values of the ARS and the put right. See Note 4 for a discussion of the valuation techniques used for determining the fair value of our investments in marketable securities.
We use an income approach to value the assets and liabilities for outstanding derivative contracts using current market information as of the reporting date, such as spot rates, interest rate differentials and implied volatility. We mitigate derivative credit risk by transacting with highly rated counterparties. We have evaluated the credit and non-performance risks associated with our derivative counterparties and believe them to be insignificant and not warranting a credit adjustment at December 31, 2008.
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We believe the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and other current liabilities are a reasonable approximation of the fair value of those financial instruments because of the nature of the underlying transactions and the short-term maturities involved.
The fair value and cost of our convertible notes was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, | | 2008 | | 2007 |
| Fair Value | | Cost | | Fair Value | | Cost |
Convertible notes | | $ | 90,419 | | $ | 115,000 | | $ | 328,810 | | $ | 304,395 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
24. ADOPTION OF FSP NO. APB 14-1
Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. APB 14-1, “Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement).” This FSP specifies that such instruments should separately account for the liability and equity components in a manner that reflects the entity’s non-convertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. Upon adoption, this FSP was retrospectively applied to our $150.0 million principal amount of zero coupon subordinated convertible notes. In accordance with the FSP, we recognized both the liability and equity component of our notes at fair value. The liability component is recognized as the fair value of a similar instrument that does not have a conversion feature at issuance. The equity component, which is the conversion feature at issuance, is recognized as the difference between the proceeds from the issuance of the notes and the fair value of the liability component. We recognize an effective interest rate of 8.874% on the carrying value of the debt.
The effect of adoption of this FSP increased interest expense and reduced net income and earnings per share in 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 as indicated in the following tables (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2008 | |
| | Interest Expense | | Net Income | | | Basic Net Income Per Share | | | Diluted Net Income Per Share | |
Reported | | $ | 7,906 | | $ | 24,302 | | | $ | 0.66 | | | $ | 0.61 | |
Adjustment | | | 6,314 | | | (6,314 | ) | | | (0.17 | ) | | | (0.13 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revised | | $ | 14,220 | | $ | 17,988 | | | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 0.48 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2007 | |
| | Interest Expense | | Net Income | | | Basic Net Income Per Share | | | Diluted Net Income Per Share | |
Reported | | $ | 8,735 | | $ | 58,338 | | | $ | 1.63 | | | $ | 1.36 | |
Adjustment | | | 11,798 | | | (11,798 | ) | | | (0.33 | ) | | | (0.12 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revised | | $ | 20,533 | | $ | 46,540 | | | $ | 1.30 | | | $ | 1.24 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2006 | |
| | Interest Expense | | Net Income | | | Basic Net Income Per Share | | | Diluted Net Income Per Share | |
Reported | | $ | 7,355 | | $ | 20,040 | | | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | 0.53 | |
Adjustment | | | 10,771 | | | (10,771 | ) | | | (0.32 | ) | | | (0.26 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revised | | $ | 18,126 | | $ | 9,269 | | | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | 0.27 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The effect of the adoption of FSP No. APB 14-1 on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2008 | |
| | Common stock | | Retained earnings (deficit) | |
Reported | | $ | 418,025 | | $ | 50,700 | |
Adjustment | | | 51,868 | | | (51,868 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Revised | | $ | 469,893 | | $ | (1,168 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2007 | |
| | Other assets, net | | | Current portion of convertible debt | | | Common stock | | Retained earnings (deficit) | |
Reported | | $ | 16,834 | | | $ | 195,882 | | | $ | 395,904 | | $ | 26,398 | |
Adjustment | | | (173 | ) | | | (6,487 | ) | | | 51,868 | | | (45,554 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revised | | $ | 16,661 | | | $ | 189,395 | | | $ | 447,772 | | $ | (19,156 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of the debt discount during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $6.5 million, $12.1 million and $11.1 million, respectively. The carrying value of the equity component was $0 and $6.5 million at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The principal amount of the liability component was $0 and $150.0 million at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The unamortized discount was $0 and $6.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Given that these notes were repaid in 2008, there will be no impact of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements in 2009 or future years.
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