Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited (FAXRF) 6-K Second Quarter Financial Results

INTERIM REPORT

For the six months ended

June 30, 2016

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

as at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015

(unaudited - US$ millions)

	Notes	June 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
Assets
Holding company cash and investments (including assets pledged for short sale and derivative obligations – $136.0; December 31, 2015 – $62.8)	5, 19		1,523.1		1,276.5
Insurance contract receivables			3,270.0		2,546.5
Portfolio investments
Subsidiary cash and short term investments	5, 19		5,182.9		6,641.6
Bonds (cost $13,628.4; December 31, 2015 – $11,258.9)	5		15,323.8		12,286.6
Preferred stocks (cost $276.9; December 31, 2015 – $220.5)	5		146.4		116.6
Common stocks (cost $4,922.8; December 31, 2015 – $6,004.2)	5		3,912.6		5,358.3
Investments in associates (fair value $2,551.5; December 31, 2015 – $2,185.9)	5, 6		2,156.1		1,730.2
Derivatives and other invested assets (cost $578.5; December 31, 2015 – $628.5)	5, 7		367.0		500.7
Assets pledged for short sale and derivative obligations (cost $303.7; December 31, 2015 – $322.9)	5, 7		340.9		351.1
Fairfax India cash and portfolio investments (cost $843.7; December 31, 2015 – $848.7)	5, 19		850.6		847.4
			28,280.3		27,832.5
Deferred premium acquisition costs			663.5		532.7
Recoverable from reinsurers (including recoverables on paid losses – $338.0; December 31, 2015 – $286.3)	8, 9		4,205.3		3,890.9
Deferred income taxes			472.5		463.9
Goodwill and intangible assets			3,302.0		3,214.9
Other assets			1,953.0		1,771.1
Total assets			43,669.7		41,529.0
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			2,756.6		2,555.9
Income taxes payable			25.2		85.8
Short sale and derivative obligations (including at the holding company – $44.9; December 31, 2015 – $0.6)	5, 7		289.3		92.9
Funds withheld payable to reinsurers			423.7		322.8
Insurance contract liabilities	8		23,821.9		23,101.2
Long term debt – holding company and insurance and reinsurance companies	10		3,446.5		3,067.5
Long term debt – non-insurance companies	10		347.3		284.0
Total liabilities			31,110.5		29,510.1
Equity	11
Common shareholders’ equity			9,419.1		8,952.5
Preferred stock			1,335.3		1,334.9
Shareholders’ equity attributable to shareholders of Fairfax			10,754.4		10,287.4
Non-controlling interests			1,804.8		1,731.5
Total equity			12,559.2		12,018.9
			43,669.7		41,529.0

See accompanying notes.

1

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

(unaudited - US$ millions except per share amounts)

		Second quarter						First six months
	Notes	2016			2015			2016			2015
Revenue
Gross premiums written	17	2,620.2			2,052.6			4,964.2			4,116.8
Net premiums written	17	2,138.2			1,754.3			4,168.5			3,586.4
Gross premiums earned		2,371.4			1,982.3			4,446.0			3,836.0
Premiums ceded to reinsurers		(369.7		)	(306.3		)	(667.9		)	(547.9		)
Net premiums earned	17	2,001.7			1,676.0			3,778.1			3,288.1
Interest and dividends		161.2			147.1			314.0			261.3
Share of profit of associates		15.2			116.9			25.1			147.7
Net gains (losses) on investments	5	229.2			(661.2		)	69.6			(484.7		)
Other revenue		499.7			490.2			906.7			944.5
		2,907.0			1,769.0			5,093.5			4,156.9
Expenses
Losses on claims, gross	8	1,605.9			1,153.8			2,830.5			2,314.1
Losses on claims ceded to reinsurers		(338.0		)	(165.0		)	(543.8		)	(326.5		)
Losses on claims, net	18	1,267.9			988.8			2,286.7			1,987.6
Operating expenses	18	379.1			346.8			767.5			667.8
Commissions, net	9	331.3			283.7			649.3			526.9
Interest expense		59.7			56.8			114.9			108.3
Other expenses	18	465.0			465.8			867.0			908.3
		2,503.0			2,141.9			4,685.4			4,198.9
Earnings (loss) before income taxes		404.0			(372.9		)	408.1			(42.0		)
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes	13	110.5			(194.3		)	131.3			(99.5		)
Net earnings (loss)		293.5			(178.6		)	276.8			57.5
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax		238.7			(185.7		)	187.7			39.5
Non-controlling interests		54.8			7.1			89.1			18.0
		293.5			(178.6		)	276.8			57.5
Net earnings (loss) per share	12	$	9.81		$	(8.87	)	$	7.24		$	0.73
Net earnings (loss) per diluted share	12	$	9.58		$	(8.87	)	$	7.07		$	0.71
Cash dividends paid per share		$	—		$	—		$	10.00		$	10.00
Shares outstanding (000) (weighted average)	12	23,191			22,265			22,861			21,889

See accompanying notes.

2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

(unaudited – US$ millions)

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Net earnings (loss)	293.5		(178.6	)	276.8		57.5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to net earnings
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) on foreign operations	(76.9	)	27.2		99.2		(161.8	)
Gains (losses) on hedge of net investment in Canadian subsidiaries	4.8		(17.4	)	(76.4	)	95.1
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates, excluding net gains on defined benefit plans	(9.9	)	15.2		(5.9	)	(20.4	)
	(82.0	)	25.0		16.9		(87.1	)
Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net earnings
Share of net gains on defined benefit plans of associates	3.1		3.2		4.6		1.0
Net losses on defined benefit plans	—		(3.9	)	—		(3.9	)
	3.1		(0.7	)	4.6		(2.9	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	(78.9	)	24.3		21.5		(90.0	)
Comprehensive income (loss)	214.6		(154.3	)	298.3		(32.5	)
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax	179.3		(150.2	)	200.7		(32.3	)
Non-controlling interests	35.3		(4.1	)	97.6		(0.2	)
	214.6		(154.3	)	298.3		(32.5	)

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Income tax expense (recovery) included in other comprehensive income (loss)
Income tax on items that may be subsequently reclassified to net earnings
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) on foreign operations	0.3		1.7		9.9		(9.3	)
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates, excluding net gains on defined benefit plans	1.3		(6.5	)	(2.5	)	6.8
	1.6		(4.8	)	7.4		(2.5	)
Income tax on items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net earnings
Share of net gains on defined benefit plans of associates	(1.3	)	(1.5	)	(3.0	)	(0.5	)
Net losses on defined benefit plans	—		2.4		—		2.4
	(1.3	)	0.9		(3.0	)	1.9
Total income tax expense (recovery)	0.3		(3.9	)	4.4		(0.6	)

See accompanying notes.

3

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

(unaudited - US$ millions)

	Subordinate voting shares		Multiple voting shares		Treasury shares at cost			Share-based payments and other reserves			Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Common shareholders’equity			Preferred shares			Equity attributable to shareholders of Fairfax			Non-controlling interests			Total equity
Balance as of January 1, 2016		4,229.8		3.8		(236.0	)		88.2		5,230.7			(364.0	)		8,952.5			1,334.9			10,287.4			1,731.5		12,018.9
Net earnings for the period		—		—		—			—		187.7			—			187.7			—			187.7			89.1		276.8
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains on foreign operations		—		—		—			—		—			91.0			91.0			—			91.0			8.2		99.2
Losses on hedge of net investment in Canadian subsidiaries		—		—		—			—		—			(76.4	)		(76.4	)		—			(76.4	)		—		(76.4	)
Share of other comprehensive loss of associates, excluding net gains on defined benefit plans		—		—		—			—		—			(6.1	)		(6.1	)		—			(6.1	)		0.2		(5.9	)
Share of net gains on defined benefit plans of associates		—		—		—			—		—			4.5			4.5			—			4.5			0.1		4.6
Issuance of shares		523.5		—		13.8			(15.9	)	—			—			521.4			—			521.4			—		521.4
Purchases and amortization		—		—		(28.9	)		21.5		—			—			(7.4	)		—			(7.4	)		1.3		(6.1	)
Common share dividends		—		—		—			—		(227.8	)		—			(227.8	)		—			(227.8	)		(31.0	)	(258.8	)
Preferred share dividends		—		—		—			—		(22.2	)		—			(22.2	)		—			(22.2	)		—		(22.2	)
Acquisitions of subsidiaries		—		—		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			2.4		2.4
Other net changes in capitalization		2.5		—		—			(4.2	)	3.6			—			1.9			0.4			2.3			3.0		5.3
Balance as of June 30, 2016		4,755.8		3.8		(251.1	)		89.6		5,172.0			(351.0	)		9,419.1			1,335.3			10,754.4			1,804.8		12,559.2
Balance as of January 1, 2015		3,642.8		3.8		(155.8	)		78.4		4,909.9			(118.1	)		8,361.0			1,164.7			9,525.7			218.1		9,743.8
Net earnings for the period		—		—		—			—		39.5			—			39.5			—			39.5			18.0		57.5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
Net unrealized foreign currency translation losses on foreign operations		—		—		—			—		—			(144.6	)		(144.6	)		—			(144.6	)		(17.2	)	(161.8	)
Gains on hedge of net investment in Canadian subsidiaries		—		—		—			—		—			95.1			95.1			—			95.1			—		95.1
Share of other comprehensive loss of associates, excluding net gains on defined benefit plans		—		—		—			—		—			(20.4	)		(20.4	)		—			(20.4	)		—		(20.4	)
Share of net gains on defined benefit plans of associates		—		—		—			—		—			1.0			1.0			—			1.0			—		1.0
Net losses on defined benefit plans		—		—		—			—		—			(2.9	)		(2.9	)		—			(2.9	)		(1.0	)	(3.9	)
Issuance of shares		587.0		—		8.8			(8.9	)	—			—			586.9			179.0			765.9			—		765.9
Purchases and amortization		—		—		(56.8	)		17.9		—			—			(38.9	)		(5.6	)		(44.5	)		—		(44.5	)
Excess of book value over consideration of preferred shares purchased for cancellation		—		—		—			—		2.2			—			2.2			—			2.2			—		2.2
Common share dividends		—		—		—			—		(216.1	)		—			(216.1	)		—			(216.1	)		—		(216.1	)
Preferred share dividends		—		—		—			—		(25.8	)		—			(25.8	)		—			(25.8	)		—		(25.8	)
Acquisitions of subsidiaries		—		—		—			—		—			—			—			—			—			830.1		830.1
Other net changes in capitalization		—		—		—			3.3		(17.3	)		5.9			(8.1	)		—			(8.1	)		427.3		419.2
Balance as of June 30, 2015		4,229.8		3.8		(203.8	)		90.7		4,692.4			(184.0	)		8,628.9			1,338.1			9,967.0			1,475.3		11,442.3

See accompanying notes.

4

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

(unaudited - US$ millions)

		Second quarter				First six months
	Notes	2016		2015		2016		2015
Operating activities
Net earnings (loss)		293.5		(178.6	)	276.8		57.5
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges		63.0		31.7		101.1		57.9
Net bond (discount) premium amortization		7.3		(4.6	)	10.6		(7.7	)
Amortization of share-based payment awards		9.6		8.7		21.5		17.9
Share of profit of associates		(15.2	)	(116.9	)	(25.1	)	(147.7	)
Deferred income taxes	13	96.0		(212.8	)	(1.0	)	(169.2	)
Net (gains) losses on investments	5	(229.2	)	661.2		(69.6	)	484.7
Net (purchases) sales of investments classified as FVTPL	19	(279.5	)	578.3		(444.4	)	(254.5	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		(357.4	)	(315.4	)	(511.0	)	(392.0	)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(411.9	)	451.6		(641.1	)	(353.1	)
Investing activities
Sales of investments in associates	6	11.0		151.3		57.8		199.4
Purchases of investments in associates	6	(12.8	)	(22.1	)	(415.5	)	(24.2	)
Net purchases of premises and equipment and intangible assets		(85.9	)	(36.5	)	(128.2	)	(57.3	)
Purchases of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired		(5.8	)	(1,247.9	)	(11.1	)	(1,265.8	)
Sales of subsidiaries, net of cash divested	15	—		304.4		—		304.4
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash for purchase of subsidiary		—		1,023.9		6.5		(7.9	)
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(93.5	)	173.1		(490.5	)	(851.4	)
Financing activities
Long term debt - holding company and insurance and reinsurance companies:	10
Issuances, net of issuance costs		—		—		303.2		275.7
Repayments		(1.3	)	(127.0	)	(2.7	)	(128.2	)
Long term debt - non-insurance companies:
Issuances, net of issuance costs		0.5		—		5.8		—
Repayments		(8.1	)	(1.3	)	(9.0	)	(1.5	)
Net borrowings from revolving credit facilities		37.7		7.0		48.9		28.2
Subordinate voting shares:	11
Issuances, net of issuance costs		—		—		523.5		575.9
Purchases for treasury		(5.1	)	(5.9	)	(28.9	)	(56.8	)
Common share dividends		—		—		(227.8	)	(216.1	)
Preferred shares:	11
Issuances, net of issuance costs		—		—		—		179.0
Repurchases		—		(2.8	)	—		(3.4	)
Preferred share dividends		(11.1	)	(13.4	)	(22.2	)	(25.8	)
Subsidiary common shares:
Issuances to non-controlling interests, net of issuance costs		—		—		—		725.8
Issuance of Cara subscription receipts	15	101.3		—		101.3		—
Increase in restricted cash from issuance of Cara subscription receipts	15	(101.3	)	—		(101.3	)	—
Net sales to non-controlling interests		—		462.4		—		462.4
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests		(28.8	)	—		(31.0	)	—
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(16.2	)	319.0		559.8		1,815.2
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(521.6	)	943.7		(571.8	)	610.7
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period		3,133.5		2,566.5		3,125.6		3,018.7
Foreign currency translation		(22.0	)	25.1		36.1		(94.1	)
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period	19	2,589.9		3,535.3		2,589.9		3,535.3

See accompanying notes.

5

Index to Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

1	.	Business Operations	7
2	.	Basis of Presentation	7
3	.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	7
4	.	Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments	7
5	.	Cash and Investments	8
6	.	Investments in Associates	12
7	.	Short Sales and Derivatives	12
8	.	Insurance Contract Liabilities	14
9	.	Reinsurance	15
10	.	Long Term Debt and Credit Facilities	15
11	.	Total Equity	16
12	.	Earnings per Share	17
13	.	Income Taxes	17
14	.	Contingencies and Commitments	18
15	.	Acquisitions and Divestitures	19
16	.	Financial Risk Management	20
17	.	Segmented Information	24
18	.	Expenses	29
19	.	Supplementary Cash Flow Information	29

6

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

(unaudited – in US$ and $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

1. Business Operations

Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited (“the company” or “Fairfax”) is a holding company which, through its subsidiaries, is principally engaged in property and casualty insurance and reinsurance and the associated investment management. The holding company is federally incorporated and domiciled in Ontario, Canada.

2. Basis of Presentation

These interim consolidated financial statements of the company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) applicable to the preparation of interim financial statements, including International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB have been omitted or condensed. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the company’s annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for derivative financial instruments and fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”) financial assets and liabilities that have been measured at fair value.

These interim consolidated financial statements were approved for issue by the company’s Board of Directors on July 28, 2016.

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The principal accounting policies applied to the preparation of these interim consolidated financial statements are as set out in the company's annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015, prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. Those policies and methods of computation have been consistently applied to all periods presented except as described below.

New accounting pronouncements adopted in 2016

The company adopted the following amendments, effective January 1, 2016. These changes were adopted in accordance with the applicable transitional provisions of each amendment, and did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS Annual Improvements 2012-2014

In September 2014 the IASB issued a limited number of amendments to clarify the requirements of four IFRS standards.

Clarification of Acceptable Methods of Depreciation and Amortization (Amendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38)

In May 2014 the IASB issued amendments to IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment and IAS 38 Intangible Assets to clarify that revenue-based amortization methods cannot be used to amortize property, plant and equipment, and may be used to amortize intangible assets only in limited circumstances.

Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to IAS 1)

In December 2014 the IASB issued certain narrow-focus amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements to clarify existing presentation and disclosure requirements.

4. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

In the preparation of the company's interim consolidated financial statements, management has made a number of critical estimates and judgments in notes 5, 6, 8, 13 and 14 in a manner consistent with those described in the company's annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015.

7

5. Cash and Investments

Holding company cash and investments, portfolio investments and short sale and derivative obligations are classified as FVTPL, except for investments in associates and other invested assets which are classified as other, and are shown in the table below:

	June 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
Holding company:
Cash and cash equivalents (note 19)	98.9			222.4
Short term investments	414.8			241.7
Short term investments pledged for short sale and derivative obligations	56.5			49.9
Bonds	659.1			511.7
Bonds pledged for short sale and derivative obligations	79.5			12.9
Preferred stocks	28.2			0.3
Common stocks(1)	111.5			159.6
Derivatives (note 7)	74.6			78.0
	1,523.1			1,276.5
Short sale and derivative obligations (note 7)	(44.9	)		(0.6	)
	1,478.2			1,275.9
Portfolio investments:
Cash and cash equivalents (note 19)	2,951.1			3,227.7
Short term investments	2,231.8			3,413.9
Bonds	15,323.8			12,286.6
Preferred stocks	146.4			116.6
Common stocks(1)	3,912.6			5,358.3
Investments in associates (note 6)	2,156.1			1,730.2
Derivatives (note 7)	351.3			484.4
Other invested assets	15.7			16.3
	27,088.8			26,634.0
Assets pledged for short sale and derivative obligations:
Cash and cash equivalents (note 19)	—			7.7
Short term investments	38.8			129.1
Bonds	302.1			214.3
	340.9			351.1
Fairfax India cash and portfolio investments:
Cash and cash equivalents (note 19)	80.7			22.0
Short term investments	35.4			61.5
Bonds	466.2			512.8
Common stocks(1)	49.6			48.4
Investments in associates (note 6)	218.7			202.7
	850.6			847.4
	28,280.3			27,832.5
Short sale and derivative obligations (note 7)	(244.4	)		(92.3	)
	28,035.9			27,740.2

(1) Common stocks included investments in limited partnerships and other funds with carrying values of $1,200.7 and $76.1 respectively at June 30, 2016 (December 31, 2015 - $1,183.0 and $1,094.0). At December 31, 2015 other funds comprised a significant proportion of Brit's investment portfolio and were invested principally in fixed income securities. As a result of changes to investment management agreements related to other funds, the company commenced consolidating certain other funds on January 1, 2016 with the underlying securities categorized accordingly in the table above (primarily as bonds).

Fixed Income Maturity Profile

Bonds are summarized by the earliest contractual maturity date in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from maturities shown below due to the existence of call and put features. At June 30, 2016 bonds containing call and put features represented approximately $5,279.6 and $46.7 respectively (December 31, 2015 - $6,339.1 and $179.4) of the total fair value of bonds in the table below.

	June 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
	Amortizedcost	Fairvalue	Amortized cost	Fair value
Due in 1 year or less	1,493.6	1,611.2	1,173.9	1,313.1
Due after 1 year through 5 years	3,289.6	3,588.9	4,649.9	5,160.3
Due after 5 years through 10 years	1,325.0	1,340.2	952.8	931.5
Due after 10 years	8,912.0	10,290.4	5,635.7	6,133.4
	15,020.2	16,830.7	12,412.3	13,538.3

8

Fair Value Disclosures

The company’s use of quoted market prices (Level 1), valuation models using observable market information as inputs (Level 2) and valuation models without observable market information as inputs (Level 3) in the valuation of securities and derivative contracts by type of issuer was as follows:

	June 30, 2016								December 31, 2015
	Total fair value asset (liability)		Quoted prices (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)		Total fair value asset (liability)		Quoted prices (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	3,130.7		3,130.7		—		—		3,479.8		3,479.8		—		—
Short term investments:
Canadian government	19.9		19.9		—		—		66.7		66.7		—		—
Canadian provincials	420.1		420.1		—		—		114.0		114.0		—		—
U.S. treasury	1,827.9		1,827.9		—		—		3,433.9		3,433.9		—		—
Other government	374.8		351.5		23.3		—		199.0		168.9		30.1		—
Corporate and other	134.6		—		134.6		—		82.5		—		82.5		—
	2,777.3		2,619.4		157.9		—		3,896.1		3,783.5		112.6		—
Bonds:
Canadian government	330.9		—		330.9		—		297.1		—		297.1		—
Canadian provincials	234.5		—		234.5		—		198.8		—		198.8		—
U.S. treasury	6,462.2		—		6,462.2		—		2,699.7		—		2,699.7		—
U.S. states and municipalities	5,655.8		—		5,655.8		—		6,646.2		—		6,646.2		—
Other government	1,761.2		—		1,761.2		—		1,625.2		—		1,625.2		—
Corporate and other	2,386.1		—		1,499.3		886.8		2,071.3		—		1,374.9		696.4
	16,830.7		—		15,943.9		886.8		13,538.3		—		12,841.9		696.4
Preferred stocks:
Canadian	21.9		—		14.0		7.9		16.3		—		8.9		7.4
U.S.	63.1		—		62.8		0.3		78.8		—		78.5		0.3
Other	89.6		—		8.9		80.7		21.8		—		21.8		—
	174.6		—		85.7		88.9		116.9		—		109.2		7.7
Common stocks:
Canadian	590.3		475.7		94.5		20.1		704.3		601.6		87.0		15.7
U.S.	1,094.8		513.2		32.5		549.1		1,059.7		531.5		33.9		494.3
Other funds(1)	76.1		—		76.1		—		1,094.0		—		1,094.0		—
Other	2,312.5		1,090.6		473.2		748.7		2,708.3		1,484.2		464.2		759.9
	4,073.7		2,079.5		676.3		1,317.9		5,566.3		2,617.3		1,679.1		1,269.9
Derivatives and other invested assets	441.6		—		201.3		240.3		578.7		—		293.3		285.4
Short sale and derivative obligations	(289.3	)	—		(285.1	)	(4.2	)	(92.9	)	—		(92.9	)	—
Holding company cash and investments and portfolio investments measured at fair value	27,139.3		7,829.6		16,780.0		2,529.7		27,083.2		9,880.6		14,943.2		2,259.4
	100.0	%	28.9	%	61.8	%	9.3	%	100.0	%	36.5	%	55.2	%	8.3	%
Investments in associates (note 6)(2)	2,810.8		1,007.7		36.6		1,766.5		2,406.6		1,034.9		37.0		1,334.7

(1) At December 31, 2015 other funds were invested principally in fixed income securities and excluded by the company when measuring its equity and equity-related exposure. As a result of changes to investment management agreements related to other funds, the company commenced consolidating certain other funds on January 1, 2016 with the underlying securities categorized accordingly in the table above (primarily as U.S. treasury bonds and corporate and other bonds).

(2) The carrying value of investments in associates is determined under the equity method of accounting and the related fair value is presented separately in the table above.

There were no significant changes to the valuation techniques used at June 30, 2016 compared to those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the company's annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Transfers between fair value hierarchy levels are considered effective from the beginning of the reporting period in which the transfer is identified. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 there were no significant transfers of financial instruments between Level 1 and Level 2 and there were no transfers of financial instruments in or out of Level 3 as a result of changes in the observability of valuation inputs.

9

A summary of changes in the fair values of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured at FVTPL for the six months ended June 30 follows:

	2016
	Private placement debt securities		Private company preferred shares			Limited partnerships and other			Private equity funds		Private company common shares			Derivatives and other invested assets			Total
Balance - January 1	696.4			7.7			960.9		171.0			138.0			285.4		2,259.4
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in the consolidated statement of earnings	(68.7	)		(0.3	)		41.8		(20.2	)		(5.0	)		(54.8	)	(107.2	)
Purchases	258.6			80.8			89.7		7.5			4.0			4.0		444.6
Sales	(4.4	)		—			(71.4	)	(7.8	)		—			—		(83.6	)
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains on foreign operations included in other comprehensive income	4.9			0.7			3.3		5.4			0.7			1.5		16.5
Balance - June 30	886.8			88.9			1,024.3		155.9			137.7			236.1		2,529.7

	2015
	Private placement debt securities		Private company preferred shares			Limited partnerships and other			Private equity funds		Private company common shares			Derivatives and other invested assets			Total
Balance - January 1	833.0			158.0			775.3		117.6			156.2			273.1		2,313.2
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in the consolidated statement of earnings	(43.9	)		14.2			22.4		9.5			19.7			196.8		218.7
Purchases	28.5			0.3			39.0		5.8			0.2			4.8		78.6
Acquisition of Brit	23.5			—			—		—			—			3.8		27.3
Transfer into category due to temporary closure of Athens Stock Exchange	—			—			—		—			314.1			—		314.1
Sales and exchanges	(86.7	)		(156.0	)		(17.2	)	(1.3	)		(4.8	)		(222.0	)	(488.0	)
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) on foreign operations included in other comprehensive income	(20.5	)		(9.7	)		(0.3	)	(6.4	)		6.9			(2.7	)	(32.7	)
Balance - June 30	733.9			6.8			819.2		125.2			492.3			253.8		2,431.2

Reasonably possible changes in the value of unobservable inputs for any of these individual investments would not significantly change the fair value of investments classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

10

Net gains (losses) on investments

		Second quarter
		2016										2015
	Net realized gains (losses)				Net change in unrealized gains (losses)			Net gains(losses) on investments			Net realized gains (losses)				Net change in unrealized gains (losses)				Net gains (losses) on investments
Bonds		303.0				302.4			605.4			21.4				(661.1	)			(639.7	)
Preferred stocks		(0.6	)			(6.0	)		(6.6	)		136.8		(3)		(144.1	)	(3)		(7.3	)
Common stocks		22.5				(191.0	)		(168.5	)		11.3				(184.0	)			(172.7	)
		324.9				105.4			430.3			169.5				(989.2	)			(819.7	)
Derivatives:
Common stock and equity index short positions		(676.5	)	(2)		475.0			(201.5	)		(211.8	)	(2)		203.0				(8.8	)
Common stock and equity index long positions		26.1		(2)		(23.8	)		2.3			9.9		(2)		(13.8	)			(3.9	)
Put options - equity index		—				(3.4	)		(3.4	)		—				—				—
Equity warrants and call options		—				(0.2	)		(0.2	)		209.1		(4)		(208.3	)	(4)		0.8
CPI-linked contracts		—				(2.1	)		(2.1	)		—				(52.3	)			(52.3	)
Other		(36.8	)			23.5			(13.3	)		(8.2	)			9.1				0.9
		(687.2	)			469.0			(218.2	)		(1.0	)			(62.3	)			(63.3	)
Foreign currency gains (losses) on:
Investing activities		(17.3	)			2.5			(14.8	)		(15.8	)			23.0				7.2
Underwriting activities		14.7				—			14.7			(18.7	)			—				(18.7	)
Foreign currency contracts		29.2				(14.3	)		14.9			38.5				(41.9	)			(3.4	)
		26.6				(11.8	)		14.8			4.0				(18.9	)			(14.9	)
Gain (loss) on disposition of associates and subsidiary		—				—			—			235.7		(5)		—				235.7
Other		0.7				1.6			2.3			1.5				(0.5	)			1.0
Net gains (losses) on investments		(335.0	)			564.2			229.2			409.7				(1,070.9	)			(661.2	)

		First six months
		2016											2015
	Net realized gains (losses)				Net change in unrealized gains (losses)				Net gains(losses) on investments			Net realized gains (losses)				Net change in unrealized gains (losses)				Net gains (losses) on investments
Bonds		314.2				700.4				1,014.6			101.4				(683.2	)			(581.8	)
Preferred stocks		—				(11.3	)			(11.3	)		136.8		(3)		(125.2	)	(3)		11.6
Common stocks		(55.3	)	(1)		(431.6	)	(1)		(486.9	)		306.8				(487.1	)			(180.3	)
		258.9				257.5				516.4			545.0				(1,295.5	)			(750.5	)
Derivatives:
Common stock and equity index short positions		(34.5	)	(2)		(270.6	)			(305.1	)		(280.7	)	(2)		102.3				(178.4	)
Common stock and equity index long positions		3.6		(2)		10.9				14.5			(11.7	)	(2)		5.8				(5.9	)
Put options - equity index		—				(8.2	)			(8.2	)		—				—				—
Equity warrants and call options		—				(0.2	)			(0.2	)		209.1		(4)		(20.6	)	(4)		188.5
CPI-linked contracts		—				(56.7	)			(56.7	)		—				22.9				22.9
Other		(52.6	)			35.0				(17.6	)		5.9				(7.2	)			(1.3	)
		(83.5	)			(289.8	)			(373.3	)		(77.4	)			103.2				25.8
Foreign currency gains (losses) on:
Investing activities		(32.7	)			(7.6	)			(40.3	)		(95.4	)			8.3				(87.1	)
Underwriting activities		(34.0	)			—				(34.0	)		21.7				—				21.7
Foreign currency contracts		8.9				(9.5	)			(0.6	)		167.5				(101.0	)			66.5
		(57.8	)			(17.1	)			(74.9	)		93.8				(92.7	)			1.1
Gain on disposition of associates and subsidiary		—				—				—			235.7		(5)		—				235.7
Other		0.7				0.7				1.4			4.2				(1.0	)			3.2
Net gains (losses) on investments		118.3				(48.7	)			69.6			801.3				(1,286.0	)			(484.7	)

(1) During the first quarter of 2016 the company increased its ownership interest in APR Energy to 49.0% and commenced applying the equity method of accounting, resulting in unrealized losses of $68.1 on APR Energy being reclassified to realized losses with a net impact of nil on the consolidated statement of earnings. See note 6.

(2) Amounts recorded in net realized gains (losses) include net gains (losses) on total return swaps where the counterparties are required to cash-settle on a quarterly or monthly basis the market value movement since the previous reset date notwithstanding that the total return swap positions remain open subsequent to the cash settlement.

(3) During the second quarter of 2015 the company was required to convert a preferred stock investment into common shares of the issuer, resulting in a net realized gain on investment of $124.4 (the difference between the share price of the underlying common stock at the date of conversion and the exercise price of the preferred stock). Prior period unrealized gains on the preferred stock investment of $110.9 and $104.8 were reclassified to net realized gains in the second quarter and first six months of 2015.

11

(4) On April 10, 2015 the company exchanged its holdings of Cara warrants, class A and class B preferred shares and subordinated debentures for common shares of Cara. Prior period unrealized gains on the Cara warrants of $208.3 and $20.6 were reclassified to net realized gains in the second quarter and first six months of 2015.

(5) During the second quarter of 2015 the company sold its investment in Ridley and recognized a net realized gain of $236.4.

6. Investments in Associates

Investments in associates were comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
	Fair value	Carrying value	Fair value	Carrying value
Insurance and reinsurance associates(1)	1,344.7	763.6	1,126.0	526.4
Non-insurance associates(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)	1,466.1	1,611.2	1,280.6	1,406.5
	2,810.8	2,374.8	2,406.6	1,932.9
As presented on the consolidated balance sheet:
Investments in associates	2,551.5	2,156.1	2,185.9	1,730.2
Fairfax India cash and portfolio investments(2)(3)	259.3	218.7	220.7	202.7
	2,810.8	2,374.8	2,406.6	1,932.9

(1) On March 31, 2016 the company increased its ownership interest in ICICI Lombard to 34.6% by acquiring an additional 9.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of ICICI Lombard from ICICI Bank for $234.1 (15.5 billion Indian rupees). ICICI Lombard is the largest private sector general insurance company in India with gross premiums written of approximately $1 billion for its fiscal year ended March 31, 2015.

(2) On April 28, 2016 Fairfax India invested in Sanmar Chemicals Group ("Sanmar") through a combination of $1.0 in equity and $250.0 in debt securities resulting in a 30.0% ownership interest. If an additional investment in Sanmar debt securities of $50.0 is not funded on or before September 30, 2016 by Fairfax India, Fairfax or another investor, Fairfax India's equity ownership interest in Sanmar will be reduced to 25.0%. Sanmar is one of the largest suspension PVC manufacturers in India and is in the process of expanding its PVC capacity in Egypt.

(3) On February 8, 2016 Fairfax India acquired a 44.9% interest in Adi Finechem Limited ("Adi") for $19.5 (1.3 billion Indian rupees). Adi is a specialty chemical manufacturer in India that manufactures oleo chemicals used in the paints, inks and adhesives industries, as well as intermediate nutraceutical and health products.

(4) On January 5, 2016 the company, through its subsidiaries, participated with certain other investors in a transaction to privatize APR Energy plc (‘‘APR Energy’’) and to provide APR Energy with $200.0 of additional equity financing for it to retire outstanding debt and augment working capital. The company invested $230.2 in APR Energy as part of these transactions, comprised of $80.6 in preferred shares and $149.6 in common shares, thereby increasing its 18.3% pre-existing ownership to a 49.0% equity interest. The company consequently commenced applying the equity method of accounting to its investment in APR Energy common shares. APR Energy, serving developed and developing markets globally, provides mobile power generation solutions to utilities, countries and industries.

(5) At June 30, 2016 the carrying value of the company's investment in Resolute exceeded its fair value as determined by the market price of Resolute shares. The company performed a value-in-use analysis based on multi-year free cash flow projections with an assumed after-tax discount rate of 9.5% and a long term growth rate of 2%. Free cash flow projections are based on EBITDA projections from external reports that incorporate modest EBITDA growth in fiscal 2016 and 2017. The after-tax discount rate is representative of the cost of capital for Resolute's industry peers as the company believes that over the long term Resolute's risk profile and cost of capital will be comparable to its peers. A long term growth rate of 2% is considered reasonable given Resolute's recent entrance into the tissue market and the rebound of the lumber market driven by new housing demand in North America. Other assumptions included in the value-in-use analysis were annual capital expenditures reverting to lower historic levels, working capital requirements being comparable to industry peers and Resolute not having to pay any significant cash taxes in the next 5 years due to the utilization of tax losses. As the recoverable amount (higher of fair value and value-in-use) exceeded carrying value, the investment in Resolute was not considered to be impaired.

(6) During the first six months of 2016 the company received distributions and dividends of $63.1 (2015 - $188.6) from its non-insurance associates.

7. Short Sales and Derivatives

The following table summarizes the company’s derivative financial instruments:

	June 30, 2016					December 31, 2015
	Cost	Notionalamount	Fair value			Cost	Notional amount	Fair value
			Assets	Liabilities				Assets	Liabilities
Equity derivatives:
Equity index total return swaps – short positions	—	5,703.8	5.1		145.3	—	4,403.1	134.0		—
Equity total return swaps – short positions	—	1,617.3	83.8		17.4	—	1,491.7	69.6		9.3
Equity index put options	20.3	382.5	4.9		—	20.3	382.5	13.1		—
Equity total return swaps – long positions	—	164.3	2.7		0.4	—	149.4	0.9		9.5
Equity call options	0.4	4.5	0.4		—	0.4	4.2	0.4		—
Warrants	—	1.2	0.2		—	—	1.2	0.4		—
CPI-linked derivative contracts	668.2	112,423.8	227.3		—	655.8	109,449.1	272.6		—
Foreign exchange forward contracts	—		96.5		112.7	—	—	66.9		74.1
Other derivative contracts	—		5.0		13.5	—	—	4.5		—
Total			425.9		289.3			562.4		92.9

12

Derivative contracts entered into by the company, with limited exceptions, are considered economic hedges and are not designated as hedges for financial reporting.

Equity contracts

The company has economically hedged its equity and equity-related holdings (comprised of common stocks, convertible preferred stocks, convertible bonds, non-insurance investments in associates and equity-related derivatives) against a potential broad and systemic decline in equity markets by way of short positions effected through equity and equity index total return swaps (including short positions in certain equity indexes and individual equities) and equity index put options as set out in the table below. The company's equity hedges provide a return which is inverse to changes in the fair values of the equity indexes and certain individual equities. At June 30, 2016 equity hedges with a notional amount of $7,321.1 (December 31, 2015 - $5,894.8) represented 115.3% (December 31, 2015 - 88.1%) of the company's equity and equity-related holdings of $6,351.8 (December 31, 2015 - $6,687.4). The increase in the equity hedge ratio resulted principally from the net addition of $1,068.3 original notional amount to the company's short positions in equity and equity index total return swaps and unrealized losses on both the company's equity and equity-related holdings and equity hedges.

During the second quarter and first six months of 2016 the company paid net cash of $676.5 and $34.5 (2015 - paid net cash of $211.8 and $280.7) in connection with the reset provisions of its short equity and equity index total return swaps (excluding the impact of collateral requirements).

Refer to note 16 for a tabular analysis followed by a discussion of the company's hedges of equity price risk and the related basis risk.

	June 30, 2016						December 31, 2015
Short equity or equity index underlying total return swaps ("TRS") and put options	Units	Original notionalamount(1)		Weighted averageindex value or strike price		Index value at period end	Units	Original notional amount(1)		Weighted average index value		Index value at period end
Russell 2000 - TRS	44,837,919		3,206.9		715.22	1,151.92	37,424,319		2,477.2		661.92	1,135.89
S&P 500 - TRS	1,447,209		270.0		1,865.66	2,098.86	—		—		—	—
S&P/TSX 60 - TRS	13,044,000		206.1		641.12	817.65	13,044,000		206.1		641.12	764.54
Other equity indices - TRS	—		54.8		—	—	—		40.0		—	—
Individual equities - TRS	—		1,433.1		—	—	—		1,379.3		—	—
S&P 500 - put options(2)	225,643		382.5		1,695.15	2,098.86	225,643		382.5		1,695.15	2,043.94

(1) The aggregate notional amounts on the dates that the short positions or put options were first initiated.

(2) As the S&P 500 put options are currently out-of-the-money, the company does not consider the notional amount in its calculation of the equity hedge ratio.

As at June 30, 2016 the company had entered into long equity total return swaps on individual equities for investment purposes with an original notional amount of $243.9 (December 31, 2015 - $243.9). During the second quarter and first six months of 2016 the company received net cash of $26.1 and $3.6 (2015 - received net cash of $9.9 and paid net cash of $11.7) in connection with the reset provisions of its long equity total return swaps (excluding the impact of collateral requirements).

At June 30, 2016 the fair value of the collateral deposited for the benefit of derivative counterparties included in holding company cash and investments, or in assets pledged for short sale and derivative obligations, was $476.9 (December 31, 2015 - $413.9), comprised of collateral of $452.3(December 31, 2015 - $380.4) required to be deposited to enter into such derivative contracts (principally related to total return swaps) and $24.6 (December 31, 2015 - $33.5) securing amounts owed to counterparties to the company's derivative contracts arising in respect of changes in the fair values of those derivative contracts since the most recent reset date.

13

CPI-linked derivative contracts

The company has purchased derivative contracts referenced to consumer price indexes (“CPI”) in the geographic regions in which it operates that serve as an economic hedge against the potential adverse financial impact on the company of decreasing price levels. The CPI-linked derivative contracts are summarized as follows:

	June 30, 2016
	Floor rate(1)		Average life (in years)	Notional amount		Weighted average strike price(2)	Index value at period end	Cost	Cost(3) (in bps)	Market value	Market value(3) (in bps)	Unrealized gain (loss)
Underlying CPI index				Original currency	U.S. dollars
United States	0.0	%	6.2	46,725.0	46,725.0	231.39	241.04	287.2	61.5	80.5	17.2	(206.7	)
United States	0.5	%	8.3	12,600.0	12,600.0	238.30	241.04	39.7	31.5	82.6	65.6	42.9
European Union	0.0	%	5.4	40,675.0	45,187.9	95.73	100.63	297.4	65.8	56.3	12.5	(241.1	)
United Kingdom	0.0	%	6.4	3,300.0	4,411.4	243.82	263.10	23.2	52.6	1.8	4.1	(21.4	)
France	0.0	%	6.6	3,150.0	3,499.5	99.27	100.64	20.7	59.2	6.1	17.4	(14.6	)
			6.1		112,423.8			668.2		227.3		(440.9	)

	December 31, 2015
	Floor rate(1)		Average life (in years)	Notional amount		Weighted average strike price(2)	Index value at period end	Cost	Cost(3) (in bps)	Market value	Market value(3) (in bps)	Unrealized gain (loss)
Underlying CPI index				Original currency	U.S. dollars
United States	0.0	%	6.6	46,225.0	46,225.0	231.32	236.53	284.7	61.6	98.9	21.4	(185.8	)
United States	0.5	%	8.8	12,600.0	12,600.0	238.30	236.53	39.3	31.2	83.4	66.2	44.1
European Union	0.0	%	5.7	38,975.0	42,338.4	95.57	100.16	287.2	67.8	73.9	17.5	(213.3	)
United Kingdom	0.0	%	6.9	3,300.0	4,863.9	243.82	260.60	23.9	49.1	3.1	6.4	(20.8	)
France	0.0	%	7.1	3,150.0	3,421.8	99.27	100.04	20.7	60.5	13.3	38.9	(7.4	)
			6.6		109,449.1			655.8		272.6		(383.2	)

(1) Contracts with a floor rate of 0.0% provide a payout at maturity if there is cumulative deflation over the life of the contract. Contracts with a floor rate of 0.5% provide a payout at maturity based on a weighted average strike price of 250.49 if cumulative inflation averages less than 0.5% per year over the life of the contract.

(2) During the first quarter of 2016 the CPI indices for the European Union and France were rebased with 2015 as the new reference year. The weighted average strike prices for contracts related to those indices have been rebased accordingly.

(3) Expressed as a percentage of the notional amount.

During the second quarter and first six months of 2016 the company entered into CPI-linked derivative contracts with notional amounts of $1,910.0 and $2,410.0 at a cost of $6.4 and $8.2 (2015 - nil and nil). The company’s CPI-linked derivative contracts produced net unrealized losses of $2.1 and $56.7 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 (2015 - net unrealized losses of $52.3 and net unrealized gains of $22.9). Net unrealized gains (losses) on CPI-linked derivative contracts typically reflect the market's expectation of decreases (increases) in the values of the CPI indexes underlying those contracts at the contract's maturity during the periods presented (those contracts are structured to benefit the company during periods of decreasing CPI index values).

Foreign exchange forward contracts

Long and short foreign exchange forward contracts primarily denominated in the euro, the British pound sterling and the Canadian dollar are used to manage certain foreign currency exposures arising from foreign currency denominated transactions. The contracts have an average term to maturity of less than one year and may be renewed at market rates.

Counterparty risk

The company endeavours to limit counterparty risk through the terms of agreements negotiated with the counterparties to its derivative contracts. The fair value of the collateral deposited for the benefit of the company at June 30, 2016 consisted of cash of $69.1and government securities of $235.2 (December 31, 2015 - $28.7 and $264.6). The company has recognized the cash collateral within subsidiary cash and short term investments and recognized a corresponding liability within accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The company had not exercised its right to sell or repledge collateral at June 30, 2016. The company's exposure to counterparty risk and the manner in which it is managed are discussed further in note 16.

8. Insurance Contract Liabilities

	June 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
	Gross	Ceded	Net	Gross	Ceded	Net
Provision for unearned premiums	3,865.2	555.0	3,310.2	3,284.8	398.7	2,886.1
Provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses	19,956.7	3,312.3	16,644.4	19,816.4	3,205.9	16,610.5
Insurance contract liabilities	23,821.9	3,867.3	19,954.6	23,101.2	3,604.6	19,496.6

14

Provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses

Changes in the provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses for the six months ended June 30 were as follows:

	2016		2015
Provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses – January 1	19,816.4		17,749.1
Decrease in estimated losses and expenses for claims occurring in the prior years	(273.2	)	(170.3	)
Losses and expenses for claims occurring in the current year	3,105.0		2,482.5
Paid on claims occurring during:
the current year	(454.7	)	(572.3	)
the prior years	(2,392.0	)	(1,989.8	)
Acquisitions of subsidiaries	1.8		3,293.1
Foreign exchange effect and other	153.4		(362.8	)
Provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses – June 30	19,956.7		20,429.5

9. Reinsurance

Reinsurers’ share of insurance contract liabilities was comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Gross recoverable from reinsurers	Provision for uncollectible reinsurance		Recoverable from reinsurers	Gross recoverable from reinsurers	Provision for uncollectible reinsurance		Recoverable from reinsurers
Provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses	3,364.4	(52.1	)	3,312.3	3,259.8	(53.9	)	3,205.9
Reinsurers’ share of paid losses	469.2	(131.2	)	338.0	419.4	(133.1	)	286.3
Provision for unearned premiums	555.0	—		555.0	398.7	—		398.7
	4,388.6	(183.3	)	4,205.3	4,077.9	(187.0	)	3,890.9

Included in commissions, net in the consolidated statement of earnings for the second quarter and first six months of 2016 is commission income earned on premiums ceded to reinsurers of $66.9 and $118.5 (2015 - $66.5 and $116.9).

10. Long Term Debt and Credit Facilities

	June 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
	Principal	Carryingvalue(1)	Fair value(2)	Principal	Carrying value(1)	Fair value(2)
Holding company	3,013.2	2,996.3	3,270.4	2,614.1	2,599.0	2,839.4
Insurance and reinsurance companies	443.6	450.2	431.4	461.8	468.5	466.9
Non-insurance companies(3)	348.5	347.3	346.9	285.1	284.0	284.5
Long term debt	3,805.3	3,793.8	4,048.7	3,361.0	3,351.5	3,590.8

(1) Principal net of unamortized issue costs and discounts (premiums).

(2) Based principally on quoted market prices with the remainder based on discounted cash flow models using market observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2 respectively in the fair value hierarchy).

(3) These borrowings are non-recourse to the holding company.

On March 22, 2016 the company completed an underwritten public offering of Cdn$400.0 principal amount of 4.50% unsecured senior notes due March 22, 2023 at an issue price of 99.431 for net proceeds after discount, commissions and expenses of $303.2 (Cdn$395.7). Commissions and expenses of $1.5 (Cdn$2.0) were included as part of the carrying value of the debt. The notes are redeemable at the company's option, in whole or in part, at any time at the greater of (i) a specified redemption price based upon the then current yield of a Government of Canada bond with an equal term to maturity or (ii) par.

Credit Facility

There were no amounts drawn on the company's credit facility as at June 30, 2016.

15

11. Total Equity

Equity attributable to shareholders of Fairfax

Common stock

The number of shares outstanding was as follows:

	2016		2015
Subordinate voting shares – January 1	21,465,089		20,427,398
Issuances of shares	1,000,000		1,169,294
Treasury shares acquired	(54,582	)	(104,368	)
Treasury shares reissued	36,203		25,077
Subordinate voting shares – June 30	22,446,710		21,517,401
Multiple voting shares – beginning and end of period	1,548,000		1,548,000
Interest in shares held through ownership interest in shareholder – beginning and end of period	(799,230	)	(799,230	)
Common stock effectively outstanding – June 30	23,195,480		22,266,171

On March 2, 2016 the company completed an underwritten public offering of 1.0 million subordinate voting shares at a price of Cdn$735.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $523.5 (Cdn$705.1, after commissions and expenses of $22.2 (Cdn$29.9)) to finance the purchase of an additional 9% ownership interest in ICICI Lombard and the investment in Eurolife as described in note 15.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 the company did not repurchase for cancellation any subordinate voting shares under the terms of its normal course issuer bids. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 the company repurchased for treasury 9,799 and 54,582 subordinate voting shares at a cost of $5.1 and $28.9 (2015 - 5,741 and 104,368 subordinate voting shares at a cost of $3.1 and $56.8) for use in its share-based payment awards.

Preferred stock

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, under the terms of its normal course issuer bid, the company repurchased for cancellation 198,153 and 245,655 Series E preferred shares with a carrying value of $4.5 and $5.6 for a net cost of $2.8 and $3.4 respectively. There were no repurchases of preferred shares during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Non-controlling interests

								Net earnings (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
		June 30, 2016			December 31, 2015			Second quarter ended June 30			Six months ended June 30
Subsidiary	Domicile	Minority voting percentage		Carrying value	Minority voting percentage		Carrying value	2016	2015		2016	2015
Fairfax India	Canada	4.9	%	715.3	4.9	%	716.4	13.2	(1.6	)	11.0	1.3
Brit	U.K.	29.9	%	536.3	29.9	%	505.1	28.5	(0.9	)	59.6	(0.9	)
Cara	Canada	43.1	%	386.6	43.1	%	351.2	8.2	8.0		14.5	8.0
Thomas Cook India	India	32.3	%	104.7	32.2	%	106.3	3.3	2.1		0.1	2.5
The Keg	Canada	49.0	%	19.8	49.0	%	17.2	0.2	(0.9	)	1.7	3.8
All other(1)	—	—		42.1	—		35.3	1.4	0.4		2.2	3.3
				1,804.8			1,731.5	54.8	7.1		89.1	18.0

(1) On June 18, 2015 the company sold its 73.6% interest in Ridley.

Non-controlling interest voting percentages were consistent with economic ownership for each subsidiary at June 30, 2016 except for Fairfax India and Cara whose non-controlling interest economic ownership percentages were 71.9% and 59.5% respectively.

16

12. Earnings per Share

Net earnings (loss) per common share is calculated in the following table based upon the weighted average common shares outstanding: 

	Second quarter						First six months
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders of Fairfax	238.7			(185.7		)	187.7			39.5
Preferred share dividends	(11.1		)	(13.4		)	(22.2		)	(25.8		)
Excess of book value over consideration of preferred shares purchased for cancellation	—			1.7			—			2.2
Net earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders – basic and diluted	227.6			(197.4		)	165.5			15.9
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic	23,191,133			22,265,059			22,860,563			21,888,667
Share-based payment awards	576,740			—			562,141			487,549
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted	23,767,873			22,265,059			23,422,704			22,376,216
Net earnings (loss) per common share – basic	$	9.81		$	(8.87	)	$	7.24		$	0.73
Net earnings (loss) per common share – diluted	$	9.58		$	(8.87	)	$	7.07		$	0.71

Share-based payment awards of 507,245 were not included in the calculation of net loss per diluted common share for the three months ended June 30, 2015 as inclusion of the awards would be anti-dilutive.

13. Income Taxes

The company’s provision for (recovery of) income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30 is summarized in the following table:

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Current income tax
Current year expense (recovery)	(1.4	)	20.8		116.6		70.9
Adjustments to prior years’ income taxes	15.9		(2.3	)	15.7		(1.2	)
	14.5		18.5		132.3		69.7
Deferred income tax
Origination and reversal of temporary differences	100.7		(211.4	)	4.8		(168.4	)
Adjustments to prior years' deferred income taxes	2.1		(0.8	)	1.6		(0.5	)
Other	(6.8	)	(0.6	)	(7.4	)	(0.3	)
	96.0		(212.8	)	(1.0	)	(169.2	)
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes	110.5		(194.3	)	131.3		(99.5	)

A significant portion of the company's earnings (loss) before income taxes may be earned or incurred outside of Canada. The statutory income tax rates for jurisdictions outside of Canada generally differ from the Canadian statutory income tax rate (and may be significantly higher or lower). The company’s earnings (loss) before income taxes by jurisdiction and the associated provision for (recovery of) income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30 are summarized in the following tables:

	Second quarter
	2016						2015
	Canada		U.S.(1)	U.K.(2)	Other	Total	Canada	U.S.(1)		U.K.(2)		Other		Total
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	(34.2	)	257.5	112.0	68.7	404.0	200.3	(469.9	)	(88.0	)	(15.3	)	(372.9	)
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes	29.6		67.6	0.9	12.4	110.5	—	(184.9	)	(17.7	)	8.3		(194.3	)
Net earnings (loss)	(63.8	)	189.9	111.1	56.3	293.5	200.3	(285.0	)	(70.3	)	(23.6	)	(178.6	)

	First six months
	2016						2015
	Canada		U.S.(1)	U.K.(2)	Other	Total	Canada	U.S.(1)		U.K.(2)		Other	Total
Earnings (loss) before income taxes	(225.5	)	383.3	203.2	47.1	408.1	279.7	(310.4	)	(63.1	)	51.8	(42.0	)
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes	25.3		84.1	8.9	13.0	131.3	30.9	(127.5	)	(12.5	)	9.6	(99.5	)
Net earnings (loss)	(250.8	)	299.2	194.3	34.1	276.8	248.8	(182.9	)	(50.6	)	42.2	57.5

(1) Principally comprised of Crum & Forster, Zenith National, OdysseyRe (notwithstanding that certain operations of OdysseyRe conduct business outside of the U.S.), U.S. Runoff and other associated holding company results.

(2) Principally comprised of Brit, Riverstone UK, Advent and other associated holding company results.

17

The decrease in pre-tax profitability in Canada in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2015 primarily reflected increased net losses on investments in 2016 and net gains on the Cara acquisition and sale of Ridley in 2015. The increase in pre-tax profitability in the U.S. and U.K. in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2015 primarily reflected net investment gains.

Reconciliations of the provision for income taxes calculated at the Canadian statutory income tax rate to the provision for income taxes at the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements for the second quarter and first six months ended June 30 are summarized in the following table:

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Canadian statutory income tax rate	26.5	%	26.5	%	26.5	%	26.5	%
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes at the Canadian statutory income tax rate	107.1		(98.8	)	108.2		(11.1	)
Non-taxable investment income	(20.0	)	(110.5	)	(40.2	)	(147.1	)
Tax rate differential on income and losses incurred outside Canada	(0.3	)	(17.0	)	(12.1	)	9.0
Provision (recovery) relating to prior years	18.0		(3.4	)	17.3		(2.0	)
Change in unrecorded tax benefit of losses and temporary differences	12.9		19.5		62.1		25.2
Foreign exchange effect	(3.9	)	9.5		2.2		21.3
Change in tax rate for deferred income taxes	(11.8	)	0.1		(12.0	)	0.1
Other including permanent differences	8.5		6.3		5.8		5.1
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes	110.5		(194.3	)	131.3		(99.5	)

Non-taxable investment income is principally comprised of dividend income, non-taxable interest income and the 50% of net capital gains which are not taxable in Canada. During the second quarter and first six months of 2015 non-taxable investment income of $110.5 and $147.1 primarily related to the gains on the sale of Ridley and the Cara acquisition. The Ridley gain was incurred in Canada and therefore only 50% taxable, while the Cara gain was largely non-taxable as the Cara acquisition resulted in a rollover of tax basis for the majority of the instruments exchanged.

The tax rate differential on income and losses incurred outside Canada of $0.3 and $12.1 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally reflected underwriting profits and investment income in the U.K., which is taxed at lower rates than the Canadian statutory rate, partially offset by underwriting profits and investment income in the U.S. which is taxed at higher rates. The tax rate differential on income and losses incurred outside Canada of $17.0 in the second quarter of 2015 principally reflected unrealized investment losses in the U.S., where the statutory income tax rate is significantly higher than the Canadian statutory income tax rate. The tax rate differential on income and losses incurred outside Canada of $9.0 in the first six months of 2015 principally reflected income earned outside Canada in jurisdictions where the statutory income tax rate is significantly higher than the Canadian statutory income tax rate.

The provision (recovery) relating to prior years of $18.0 and $17.3 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 was primarily related to refinements of the computations associated with internal reorganizations.

The change in unrecorded tax benefit of losses and temporary differences in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 and 2015 was primarily due to increases in unrecorded deferred tax assets in Canada of $16.8 and $60.0 in 2016 and $18.4 and $23.8 in 2015.

Change in tax rate for deferred income taxes of $11.8 and $12.0 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 was primarily due to a gradual reduction in substantively enacted corporate tax rates in the U.K. from 20% to 18% by 2020.

14. Contingencies and Commitments

Lawsuit

On July 26, 2006 Fairfax filed a lawsuit seeking $6 billion in damages from a number of defendants who, the complaint (as subsequently amended) alleges, participated in a stock market manipulation scheme involving Fairfax shares. The complaint, filed in Superior Court, Morris County, New Jersey, alleges violations of various state laws, including the New Jersey Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, pursuant to which treble damages may be available. On September 12, 2012, before trial, and consequently without having heard or made any determination on the facts, the Court dismissed the lawsuit on legal grounds. In October 2012 Fairfax filed an appeal of this dismissal, as it believes that the legal basis for the dismissal is incorrect. By the end of 2013, the briefs of all parties in connection with this appeal had been filed. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain. The financial effects, if any, of this lawsuit cannot be practicably determined at this time, and the company's interim consolidated financial statements include no anticipated recovery from the lawsuit.

18

Other

The Autorité des marchés financiers (the “AMF”), the securities regulatory authority in the Province of Quebec, is conducting an investigation of Fairfax, its CEO, Prem Watsa, and its President, Paul Rivett. The investigation concerns the possibility of illegal insider trading and/or tipping (not involving any personal trading by the individuals) in connection with the December 15, 2011 takeover offer by Resolute Forest Products Inc. for shares of Fibrek Inc. Except as set out below, further details concerning the investigation are, by law, not permitted to be disclosed.

The AMF has authorized Fairfax to make the above-mentioned disclosure. Fairfax and its management are solely responsible for the content of the disclosure set out in the three following paragraphs; the AMF has not in any way endorsed that content.

Resolute’s above-mentioned takeover offer was made to all Fibrek shareholders, including Fairfax. Fairfax agreed in that transaction to a hard lock-up agreement with Resolute whereby Fairfax agreed to tender its shares of Fibrek, representing approximately 26% of Fibrek's outstanding shares, to the Resolute takeover offer at the same price as all other Fibrek shareholders. At the time of the Resolute takeover offer for Fibrek, Fairfax's position in Fibrek was valued at approximately Cdn$32, representing less than 1/6 of 1% of Fairfax's total invested assets at that time.

Fibrek actively opposed the Resolute takeover offer. ln 2012, the Fibrek transaction was the subject of numerous regulatory hearings in Quebec and court proceedings relating to Fibrek's anti-takeover tactics and the hard lock-ups given by various selling shareholders, including Fairfax. Allegations were made in those hearings concerning the possibility of non-compliance with the takeover bid rules. Resolute’s takeover offer was allowed to proceed and resulted in Resolute acquiring Fibrek.

Fairfax believes it has an unblemished record for honesty and integrity and is fully cooperating with the AMF’s investigation. Fairfax continues to be confident that in connection with the Resolute takeover offer, it had no material non-public information, that it did not engage in illegal insider trading or tipping, and that there is no reasonable basis for any proceedings in this connection. To the best of Fairfax's knowledge, the AMF investigation is still ongoing. If the AMF commences legal proceedings, which could be administrative or penal, no assurance can be given at this time by Fairfax as to the outcome.

15. Acquisitions and Divestitures

Subsequent to June 30, 2016

Investment in Privi Organics Limited

On July 12, 2016 Fairfax India agreed to acquire a 51% ownership interest in Privi Organics Limited ("Privi Organics") for approximately $55 (3.7 billion Indian rupees) through the purchase of newly issued shares and shares acquired from existing shareholders. Subsequent to the closing of this acquisition, Privi Organics will be merged with Adi Finechem Limited ("Adi"). Fairfax India had acquired a 44.9% interest in Adi in the first quarter of 2016. After the merger is effective, Fairfax India will own approximately 49% of the merged business. Closing of the acquisition and the merger is expected to occur in the third quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2017 respectively subject to customary regulatory approvals. Privi is a supplier of aroma chemicals to fragrance companies.

Acquisition of Zurich Insurance Company South Africa Limited

On July 6, 2016 the company entered into an agreement with Zurich Insurance Company Ltd to acquire 100% of Zurich Insurance Company South Africa Limited (“ZICSA”) for approximately $118 (1.8 billion South African rand). Closing of the transaction is subject to various regulatory approvals and is expected to occur in the fourth quarter of 2016. ZICSA is an established property and casualty insurer in South Africa and Botswana with gross written premiums of approximately $315 during 2015.

Acquisition of PT Asuransi Multi Artha Guna Tbk

On June 27, 2016 the company entered into an agreement with PT Paninvest Tbk and its affiliates to acquire an 80% interest in PT Asuransi Multi Artha Guna Tbk ("AMAG") for approximately $163 (2.16 trillion Indonesian rupiah). Closing of the transaction is subject to various regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions, and is expected to occur in the fourth quarter of 2016. On closing, AMAG will integrate with PT Fairfax Insurance Indonesia and also enter into a long-term general insurance bancassurance partnership with PT Bank Pan Indonesia Tbk. AMAG is an established general insurer in Indonesia with gross written premiums of approximately $65 during 2015.

Acquisition of Groupe St-Hubert Inc.

On March 31, 2016 Cara entered into an agreement to acquire a 100% interest in Groupe St-Hubert Inc. ("St-Hubert") for approximately $415 (Cdn$537). Closing of the transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions, and is expected to occur by the end of the third quarter of 2016. St-Hubert is the province of Quebec's leading full-service restaurant operator as well as a fully integrated food manufacturer.

On April 15, 2016 Cara completed a private placement offering of 7,863,280 subscription receipts at a price of Cdn$29.25 per subscription receipt for gross proceeds of $179.2 (Cdn$230.0) that will form part of the financing for its acquisition of St-Hubert. Each subscription receipt entitles the holder to receive one Cara subordinate voting share upon closing of the St-Hubert acquisition. Fairfax and its subsidiaries purchased 3,418,804 of the offered subscription receipts for $77.9 (Cdn$100.0) to maintain Fairfax's equity interest and voting interest in Cara.

19

Investment in Bangalore International Airport Limited

On March 28, 2016 the company agreed to acquire a 33% equity interest in Bangalore International Airport Limited (“BIAL”) from Bangalore Airport & Infrastructure Developers Private Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GVK Power and Infrastructure Limited, for approximately $318 (21.5 billion Indian rupees). Fairfax India, given its current investment restrictions, will invest $250, and Fairfax will invest the remainder. The transaction is expected to close in the latter part of 2016. BIAL owns and operates the Kempegowda International Airport in Bangalore, India through a public-private partnership.

Acquisition of Eurolife ERB Insurance Group Holdings S.A.

On December 22, 2015 the company entered into an agreement with Eurobank Ergasias S.A. ("Eurobank") to acquire an 80% interest in Eurolife ERB Insurance Group Holdings S.A. ("Eurolife") for approximately $360 (€316). Closing of the transaction is subject to governmental and regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions, and is expected to occur in the third quarter of 2016. Eurolife, which distributes its life and non-life insurance products and services through Eurobank's network, is the third largest insurer in Greece, with gross written premiums of approximately €306 during 2015.

On March 22, 2016 Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System ("OMERS"), the pension plan manager for government employees in the province of Ontario, agreed to acquire a 40% indirect interest in Eurolife from Fairfax for a purchase price of approximately $180 (€158) concurrent with the closing of the acquisition described above. The company will have the ability to repurchase the shares owned by OMERS over time.

Six months ended June 30, 2016

Acquisition of Eastern European Insurers

On December 16, 2014 the company entered into an agreement with QBE Insurance (Europe) Limited ("QBE") to acquire QBE's insurance operations in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia (the "QBE insurance operations"). A new Luxembourg insurer, Colonnade Insurance S.A. (“Colonnade”), was licensed in July 2015 and branches of Colonnade were established in each of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia during the fourth quarter of 2015. The business and renewal rights of QBE's Hungarian, Czech and Slovakian insurance operations were transferred to Colonnade on February 1, 2016, April 1, 2016 and May 2, 2016 respectively. In 2015 the QBE insurance operations generated approximately $78 in gross premiums written across a range of general insurance classes, including property, travel, general liability and product protection.

16. Financial Risk Management

Overview

There were no significant changes in the types of the company's risk exposures or the processes used by the company for managing those risk exposures at June 30, 2016 compared to those identified at December 31, 2015, and disclosed in the company's annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015, except as discussed below.

Underwriting Risk

Underwriting risk is the risk that the total cost of claims, claims adjustment expenses and premium acquisition expenses will exceed premiums received and can arise as a result of numerous factors, including pricing risk, reserving risk and catastrophe risk. There were no significant changes to the company's exposure to underwriting risk or the framework used to monitor, evaluate and manage underwriting risk at June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss resulting from the failure of a counterparty to honour its financial obligations to the company. Credit risk arises predominantly with respect to cash and short term investments, investments in debt instruments, insurance contract receivables, recoverable from reinsurers and receivables from counterparties to derivative contracts (primarily total return swaps and CPI-linked derivatives). Notwithstanding net purchases of long dated U.S. treasury bonds ($2.6 billion) and net sales of certain U.S. state and municipal bonds (net proceeds received of $1.1 billion) during the first six months of 2016, there were no significant changes to the company's exposure to credit risk or the framework used to monitor, evaluate and manage credit risk at June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

	June 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
Issuer Credit Rating	Amortized Cost	Carrying value	%	Amortized Cost	Carrying value	%
AAA/Aaa	6,643.4	7,306.6	43.4	3,562.5	3,587.9	26.5
AA/Aa	4,234.6	5,203.9	30.9	5,100.6	6,125.8	45.3
A/A	679.2	848.9	5.0	566.4	647.6	4.8
BBB/Baa	1,244.0	1,373.6	8.2	1,288.6	1,368.9	10.1
BB/Ba	100.5	116.8	0.7	318.0	272.5	2.0
B/B	560.9	523.2	3.1	26.9	26.3	0.2
Lower than B/B and unrated	1,557.5	1,457.7	8.7	1,549.3	1,509.3	11.1
Total	15,020.1	16,830.7	100.0	12,412.3	13,538.3	100.0

20

Counterparties to Derivative Contracts

Counterparty risk refers to the risk that a counterparty to the company's derivative contracts may not fulfill its obligations under the contract. Agreements negotiated with counterparties provide for a single net settlement of all financial instruments covered by the agreement in the event of default by the counterparty, thereby permitting obligations owed by the company to a counterparty to be offset to the extent of the aggregate amount receivable by the company from that counterparty (the “net settlement arrangements”). The following table sets out the company's exposure to counterparty risk assuming all derivative contract counterparties are simultaneously in default:

	June 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
Total derivative assets(1)	425.3			561.6
Impact of net settlement arrangements	(149.8	)		(61.1	)
Fair value of collateral deposited for the benefit of the company(2)	(164.1	)		(285.2	)
Excess collateral pledged by the company in favour of counterparties	22.2			39.3
Initial margin not held in segregated third party custodian accounts	67.3			59.8
Net derivative counterparty exposure after net settlement and collateral arrangements	200.9			314.4

(1) Excludes equity warrants and equity call options which are not subject to counterparty risk.

(2) Excludes $140.2 (December 31, 2015 - $8.1) of excess collateral pledged by counterparties.

The fair value of the collateral deposited for the benefit of the company at June 30, 2016consisted of cash of$69.1and government securities of $235.2 (December 31, 2015 - $28.7 and $264.6). The company had not exercised its right to sell or repledge collateral at June 30, 2016.

Recoverable from Reinsurers

Credit exposure on the company's recoverable from reinsurers balance existed at June 30, 2016 to the extent that any reinsurer may be unable or unwilling to reimburse the company under the terms of the relevant reinsurance arrangements. The provision for uncollectible reinsurance is disclosed in note 9.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the potential for loss if the company is unable to meet financial commitments in a timely manner at reasonable costs as they fall due. There were no significant changes to the company's exposure to liquidity risk or the framework used to monitor, evaluate and manage liquidity risk at June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

The holding company's remaining known significant commitments for 2016 consist of payments of interest and corporate overhead expenses, preferred share dividends, income taxes and the investments in Eurolife, AMAG and ZICSA, and potential cash outflows related to derivative contracts (described below).

During the second quarter and first six months of 2016 the holding company paid net cash of $81.2 and $19.6 (2015 -paid net cash of $20.9 and $57.1) and the insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries paid net cash of $569.2 and $11.3 (2015 - paid net cash of $181.0 and $235.3) in connection with long and short equity and equity index total return swap derivative contracts (excluding the impact of collateral requirements).

Market Risk

Market risk, comprised of foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk, is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. The company is exposed to market risk principally in its investing activities but also in its underwriting activities to the extent that those activities expose the company to foreign currency risk. The company's investment portfolios are managed with a long term, value-oriented investment philosophy emphasizing downside protection. The company has policies to limit and monitor its individual issuer exposures and aggregate equity exposure. Exposure to single issuers and total equity positions are monitored at the subsidiary level and in aggregate at the company level.

21

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The company's exposure to interest rate risk increased during the first six months of 2016 due largely to net purchases of long dated U.S. treasury bonds ($2.6 billion), partially offset by net sales of certain U.S. state and municipal bonds (net proceeds received of $1.1 billion). There were no significant changes to the company's framework used to monitor, evaluate and manage interest rate risk at June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

		June 30, 2016								December 31, 2015
	Fair value offixed incomeportfolio		Hypothetical$ change effecton net earnings			Hypothetical% changein fair value			Fair value of fixed income portfolio		Hypothetical $ change effect on net earnings			Hypothetical % change in fair value
Change in Interest Rates
200 basis point increase		13,533.8		(2,351.5	)		(19.6	)		11,560.9		(1,380.2	)		(14.6	)
100 basis point increase		15,008.5		(1,299.5	)		(10.8	)		12,467.2		(747.8	)		(7.9	)
No change		16,830.7		—			—			13,538.3		—			—
100 basis point decrease		19,115.2		1,628.5			13.6			14,867.4		927.7			9.8
200 basis point decrease		21,982.5		3,672.0			30.6			16,480.6		2,053.3			21.7

Market Price Fluctuations

Market price fluctuation is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices (other than those arising from interest rate risk or foreign currency risk), whether those changes are caused by factors specific to the individual financial instrument or its issuer, or other factors affecting all similar financial instruments in the market. Changes to the company's exposure to equity price risk through its equity and equity-related holdings at June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015 are described below.

The company has economically hedged its equity and equity-related holdings (comprised of common stocks, convertible preferred stocks, convertible bonds, non-insurance investments in associates and equity-related derivatives) against a potential broad and systemic decline in equity markets by way of short positions effected through equity and equity index total return swaps (including short positions in certain equity indexes (Russell 2000 index, S&P 500, S&P/TSX 60 index and other equity indexes, collectively the "indexes"), and individual equities) and equity index put options (S&P 500). The company's equity hedges provide a return which is inverse to changes in the fair values of the equity indexes and certain individual equities.

At June 30, 2016 equity hedges with a notional amount of $7,321.1 (December 31, 2015 - $5,894.8) represented 115.3% (December 31, 2015 - 88.1%) of the company's equity and equity-related holdings of $6,351.8 (December 31, 2015 - $6,687.4). The increase in the equity hedge ratio resulted principally from the net addition of $1,068.3 original notional amount to the company's short positions in equity and equity index total return swaps and unrealized losses on both the company's equity and equity-related holdings and equity hedges.

One risk of a hedging strategy (sometimes referred to as basis risk) is the risk that the fair value or cash flows of derivative instruments applied as economic hedges will not experience changes in exactly the opposite directions from those of the underlying hedged exposure. This imperfect correlation between the derivative instrument and underlying hedged exposure creates the potential for excess gains or losses in a hedging strategy. In the context of the company's equity hedges, the company expects that there may be periods when the notional amount of the equity hedges may exceed or be deficient relative to the company's equity price risk exposure as a result of the timing of opportunities to exit and enter hedges at attractive prices, decisions by the company to hedge an amount less than the company's full equity exposure or, as a result of any non-correlated performance of the equity hedges relative to the equity and equity-related holdings (basis risk).

22

The following table summarizes the effect of the equity hedges and the equity and equity-related holdings on the company's financial position as at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and results of operations for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

	June 30, 2016				December 31, 2015				Quarter ended June 30, 2016			Quarter ended June 30, 2015			Six months ended June 30, 2016			Six months ended June 30, 2015
	Exposure/Notional amount		Carrying value		Exposure/Notional amount		Carrying value		Pre-tax earnings (loss)			Pre-tax earnings (loss)			Pre-tax earnings (loss)			Pre-tax earnings (loss)
Equity exposures:
Common stocks(1)	3,997.6		3,997.6		4,472.3		4,472.3			(169.1	)		(147.4	)		(489.4	)		(155.0	)
Preferred stocks – convertible	71.9		71.9		82.8		82.8			(6.8	)		(6.6	)		(10.8	)		(2.0	)
Bonds – convertible	651.3		651.3		701.5		701.5			(34.5	)		17.5			(58.0	)		(65.7	)
Investments in associates(2)(3)	1,466.1		1,611.2		1,280.6		1,406.5			—			235.7			—			235.7
Derivatives and other invested assets:
Equity total return swaps – long positions	164.3		2.3		149.4		(8.6	)		2.3			(3.9	)		14.5			(5.9	)
Equity warrants and call options	0.6		0.6		0.8		0.8			(0.2	)		0.8			(0.2	)		188.5
Total equity and equity related holdings	6,351.8		6,334.9		6,687.4		6,655.3			(208.3	)		96.1			(543.9	)		195.6
Hedging instruments:
Derivatives and other invested assets:
Equity total return swaps – short positions	(1,617.3	)	66.4		(1,491.7	)	60.3			10.4			7.3			(23.7	)		2.5
Equity index total return swaps – short positions	(5,703.8	)	(140.2	)	(4,403.1	)	134.0			(211.9	)		(16.1	)		(281.4	)		(180.9	)
Equity index put options(4)	—		4.9		—		13.1			(3.4	)		—			(8.2	)		—
	(7,321.1	)	(68.9	)	(5,894.8	)	207.4			(204.9	)		(8.8	)		(313.3	)		(178.4	)
Net exposure and financial effects	(969.3	)			792.6					(413.2	)		87.3			(857.2	)		17.2

(1) The company excludes other funds that are invested principally in fixed income securities (carrying value of $76.1 at June 30, 2016 (December 31, 2015 - $1,094.0)) when measuring its equity and equity-related exposure.

(2) Excludes the company’s insurance and reinsurance investments in associates which are considered long term strategic holdings. See note 6 for details.

(3) During the second quarter of 2015 the company sold its investment in Ridley and recognized a net realized gain of $236.4.

(4) As the S&P 500 put options are currently out-of-the-money, the company does not consider the notional amount in its calculation of the equity hedge ratio.

Risk of Decreasing Price Levels

The company has purchased derivative contracts referenced to the CPI in the geographic regions in which it operates, which serve as an economic hedge against the potential adverse financial impact on the company of decreasing price levels. Holdings of CPI-linked derivative contracts and the activity for the period are disclosed in note 7.

Foreign Currency Risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or cash flows of a financial instrument or another asset or liability will fluctuate because of changes in exchange rates and as a result, could produce an adverse effect on earnings and equity when measured in a company's functional currency. There were no significant changes to the company's exposure to foreign currency risk or the framework used to monitor, evaluate and manage foreign currency risk at June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015. The vote by the U.K. to leave the European Union on June 23, 2016 and the resulting volatility in the value of the British pound sterling did not have a significant impact on Brit, which conducts business primarily in U.S. dollars and matches its holdings of assets in currencies other than the U.S. dollar to capital requirements denominated in those currencies.

Capital Management

The company's capital management framework is designed to protect, in the following order, its policyholders, its bondholders and its preferred shareholders and then finally to optimize returns to common shareholders. Effective capital management includes measures designed to maintain capital above minimum regulatory levels, above levels required to satisfy issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings requirements, and above internally determined and calculated risk management levels. Total capital at June 30, 2016, comprising total debt, shareholders' equity attributable to shareholders of Fairfax and non-controlling interests, was $16,353.0 compared to $15,370.4 at December 31, 2015.

23

The company manages its capital based on the following financial measurements and ratios:

	June 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
Holding company cash and investments (net of short sale and derivative obligations)	1,478.2		1,275.9
Long term debt – holding company	2,996.3		2,599.0
Long term debt – insurance and reinsurance companies	450.2		468.5
Long term debt – non-insurance companies	347.3		284.0
Total debt	3,793.8		3,351.5
Net debt	2,315.6		2,075.6
Common shareholders’ equity	9,419.1		8,952.5
Preferred stock	1,335.3		1,334.9
Non-controlling interests	1,804.8		1,731.5
Total equity	12,559.2		12,018.9
Net debt/total equity	18.4	%	17.3	%
Net debt/net total capital(1)	15.6	%	14.7	%
Total debt/total capital(2)	23.2	%	21.8	%
Interest coverage(3)	4.6x		3.9x
Interest and preferred share dividend distribution coverage(4)	3.6x		2.9x

(1) Net total capital is calculated by the company as the sum of total equity and net debt.

(2) Total capital is calculated by the company as the sum of total equity and total debt.

(3) Interest coverage is calculated by the company as the sum of earnings (loss) before income taxes and interest expense divided by interest expense.

(4) Interest and preferred share dividend distribution coverage is calculated by the company as the sum of earnings (loss) before income taxes and interest expense divided by interest expense and preferred share dividend distributions adjusted to a before tax equivalent at the company’s Canadian statutory income tax rate.

Holding company long term debt at June 30, 2016 increased by $397.3 to $2,996.3 from $2,599.0 at December 31, 2015 primarily reflecting the issuance on March 22, 2016 of Cdn$400.0 principal amount of holding company unsecured senior notes due 2023 and the impact of foreign currency translation on the company's Canadian dollar denominated long term debt.

Subsidiary debt (comprised of long term debt of the insurance and reinsurance companies and the non-insurance companies) increased by $45.0 to $797.5 at June 30, 2016 from $752.5 at December 31, 2015, primarily reflecting various borrowings and repayments.

Common shareholders’ equity increased from $8,952.5 at December 31, 2015 to $9,419.1 at June 30, 2016 primarily reflecting net proceeds from the issuance of 1.0 million subordinate voting shares on March 2, 2016 ($523.5), net earnings attributable to shareholders of Fairfax ($187.7) and other comprehensive income ($13.0, primarily related to net unrealized foreign currency translation gains on foreign operations of $14.6), partially offset by the payment of dividends on the company's common and preferred shares ($250.0).

The changes in holding company long term debt, subsidiary debt and common shareholders’ equity affected the company’s leverage ratios as follows: the consolidated net debt/net total capital ratio increased from 14.7% at December 31, 2015 to 15.6% at June 30, 2016 primarily as a result of increased net debt, partially offset by increased net total capital. The increase in net debt was due to increased total debt (primarily the issuance of holding company unsecured senior notes as described above), partially offset by an increase in holding company cash and investments (net of short sale and derivative obligations). The increase in net total capital was primarily due to increased common shareholders' equity (as described in the preceding paragraph) and net debt. The consolidated total debt/total capital ratio increased from 21.8% at December 31, 2015 to 23.2% at June 30, 2016 primarily as a result of increased total debt, partially offset by increased total capital (primarily reflecting increases in common shareholders' equity and total debt).

17. Segmented Information

The company is a holding company which, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in property and casualty insurance, conducted on a primary and reinsurance basis, and runoff operations. During the first quarter of 2016 the company made an additional investment in equity-accounted ICICI Lombard which was included in the Fairfax Asia reporting segment (see note 6 for further details). As described in notes 10 and 11, on March 2, 2016 the company issued 1.0 million subordinate voting shares at a price of Cdn$735.00 per share, and on March 22, 2016 the company issued Cdn$400.0 principal amount of 4.50% Fairfax senior notes due 2023, both of which were included in Corporate and other. There were no other significant changes to the identifiable assets and liabilities by reporting segment at June 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

24

An analysis of pre-tax income (loss) by reporting segment for the three and six months ended June 30 is presented below:

Quarter ended June 30, 2016

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit		FairfaxAsia		Other			Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments			Consolidated
Gross premiums written
External		303.8			737.6		515.9		166.3		518.0		173.8			132.5		2,547.9		72.3		—		—			—			2,620.2
Intercompany		0.1			7.0		2.4		—		2.1		4.5			18.1		34.2		—		—		—			(34.2	)		—
		303.9			744.6		518.3		166.3		520.1		178.3			150.6		2,582.1		72.3		—		—			(34.2	)		2,620.2
Net premiums written		282.2			631.1		449.6		163.4		352.3		86.8			102.1		2,067.5		70.7		—		—			—			2,138.2
Net premiums earned
External		229.2			536.8		431.1		197.6		347.0		92.0			97.3		1,931.0		70.7		—		—			—			2,001.7
Intercompany		(2.3	)		(2.4	)	3.0		(0.5	)	1.9		(13.3	)		13.6		—		—		—		—			—			—
		226.9			534.4		434.1		197.1		348.9		78.7			110.9		1,931.0		70.7		—		—			—			2,001.7
Underwriting expenses		(226.9	)		(504.7	)	(428.0	)	(165.3	)	(348.5	)	(65.5	)		(109.8	)	(1,848.7	)	(90.5	)	—		—			—			(1,939.2	)
Underwriting profit (loss)		—			29.7		6.1		31.8		0.4		13.2			1.1		82.3		(19.8	)	—		—			—			62.5
Interest income		15.3			49.5		23.4		10.1		19.7		6.1			7.4		131.5		16.7		4.5		0.9			—			153.6
Dividends		2.9			4.0		1.0		0.7		0.2		0.7			0.3		9.8		1.7		1.7		0.3			—			13.5
Investment expenses		(2.7	)		(5.6	)	(3.2	)	(1.7	)	(3.5	)	(0.6	)		(2.1	)	(19.4	)	(3.1	)	(2.8	)	(1.0	)		20.4			(5.9	)
Interest and dividends		15.5			47.9		21.2		9.1		16.4		6.2			5.6		121.9		15.3		3.4		0.2			20.4			161.2
Share of profit (loss) of associates		3.2			7.0		(3.0	)	(3.8	)	(1.9	)	3.7			(0.1	)	5.1		3.4		3.8		2.9			—			15.2
Other
Revenue		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		499.7		—			—			499.7
Expenses		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		(465.0	)	—			—			(465.0	)
		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		34.7		—			—			34.7
Operating income (loss)		18.7			84.6		24.3		37.1		14.9		23.1			6.6		209.3		(1.1	)	41.9		3.1			20.4			273.6
Net gains (losses) on investments		24.0			41.5		109.4		(12.3	)	88.4		(3.9	)		19.7		266.8		14.8		5.3		(57.7	)		—			229.2
Interest expense		—			(0.6	)	(0.4	)	(0.9	)	(4.0	)	—			(0.8	)	(6.7	)	—		(5.4	)	(47.6	)		—			(59.7	)
Corporate overhead		(1.7	)		(6.4	)	(5.2	)	(2.0	)	(2.3	)	—			(0.1	)	(17.7	)	—		—		(1.0	)		(20.4	)		(39.1	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		41.0			119.1		128.1		21.9		97.0		19.2			25.4		451.7		13.7		41.8		(103.2	)		—			404.0
Income taxes																														(110.5	)
Net earnings																														293.5
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																														238.7
Non-controlling interests																														54.8
																														293.5

25

Quarter ended June 30, 2015

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit(1)		Fairfax Asia		Other			Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments			Consolidated
Gross premiums written
External		296.7			659.6		464.3		167.2		183.7		156.3			124.4		2,052.2		0.4		—		—			—			2,052.6
Intercompany		0.7			6.6		4.8		—		1.5		0.6			23.1		37.3		(2.9	)	—		—			(34.4	)		—
		297.4			666.2		469.1		167.2		185.2		156.9			147.5		2,089.5		(2.5	)	—		—			(34.4	)		2,052.6
Net premiums written		277.4			554.0		411.5		164.4		151.2		80.2			118.1		1,756.8		(2.5	)	—		—			—			1,754.3
Net premiums earned
External		224.2			593.9		365.3		187.1		125.9		93.3			85.8		1,675.5		0.5		—		—			—			1,676.0
Intercompany		0.8			(1.6	)	0.6		(0.4	)	(0.2	)	(14.5	)		18.3		3.0		(3.0	)	—		—			—			—
		225.0			592.3		365.9		186.7		125.7		78.8			104.1		1,678.5		(2.5	)	—		—			—			1,676.0
Underwriting expenses		(212.7	)		(521.7	)	(355.7	)	(165.0	)	(120.6	)	(70.7	)		(96.0	)	(1,542.4	)	(15.6	)	—		—			—			(1,558.0	)
Underwriting profit (loss)		12.3			70.6		10.2		21.7		5.1		8.1			8.1		136.1		(18.1	)	—		—			—			118.0
Interest income		8.3			52.8		15.5		8.3		2.2		7.4			6.0		100.5		25.3		13.9		(5.2	)		—			134.5
Dividends		6.9			4.4		1.5		0.6		0.8		1.4			0.1		15.7		0.6		1.8		1.1			—			19.2
Investment expenses		(4.1	)		(3.8	)	(3.1	)	(1.8	)	(1.4	)	(0.9	)		(2.3	)	(17.4	)	(4.5	)	(1.9	)	0.2			17.0			(6.6	)
Interest and dividends		11.1			53.4		13.9		7.1		1.6		7.9			3.8		98.8		21.4		13.8		(3.9	)		17.0			147.1
Share of profit of associates		2.7			45.6		14.5		24.5		—		0.9			1.4		89.6		22.1		0.4		4.8			—			116.9
Other
Revenue		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		490.2		—			—			490.2
Expenses		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		(465.8	)	—			—			(465.8	)
		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		24.4		—			—			24.4
Operating income		26.1			169.6		38.6		53.3		6.7		16.9			13.3		324.5		25.4		38.6		0.9			17.0			406.4
Net gains (losses) on investments		49.3			(367.0	)	(152.2	)	(65.4	)	(40.7	)	(20.2	)		(52.6	)	(648.8	)	(161.5	)	(14.4	)	163.5			—			(661.2	)
Interest expense		—			(1.4	)	(0.4	)	(0.9	)	(1.7	)	—			(1.0	)	(5.4	)	—		(4.1	)	(47.3	)		—			(56.8	)
Corporate overhead		(2.7	)		(5.3	)	(6.3	)	(2.1	)	—		—			—		(16.4	)	—		—		(27.9	)		(17.0	)		(61.3	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		72.7			(204.1	)	(120.3	)	(15.1	)	(35.7	)	(3.3	)		(40.3	)	(346.1	)	(136.1	)	20.1		89.2			—			(372.9	)
Income taxes																														194.3
Net loss																														(178.6	)
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																														(185.7	)
Non-controlling interests																														7.1
																														(178.6	)

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

26

Six months ended June 30, 2016

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit		FairfaxAsia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other			Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments			Consolidated
Gross premiums written
External		502.3			1,271.8		999.8		497.8		1,023.5		337.3		259.2		4,891.7		72.5		—			—			—			4,964.2
Intercompany		0.5			12.4		10.2		—		7.1		7.4		43.2		80.8		—		—			—			(80.8	)		—
		502.8			1,284.2		1,010.0		497.8		1,030.6		344.7		302.4		4,972.5		72.5		—			—			(80.8	)		4,964.2
Net premiums written		463.2			1,114.6		890.4		491.0		757.6		151.8		229.0		4,097.6		70.9		—			—			—			4,168.5
Net premiums earned
External		439.9			999.5		846.1		385.4		689.1		155.2		192.0		3,707.2		70.9		—			—			—			3,778.1
Intercompany		(3.8	)		(3.7	)	10.3		(1.0	)	2.4		(26.1	)	21.9		—		—		—			—			—			—
		436.1			995.8		856.4		384.4		691.5		129.1		213.9		3,707.2		70.9		—			—			—			3,778.1
Underwriting expenses		(433.2	)		(921.4	)	(840.3	)	(321.5	)	(677.4	)	(104.1	)	(205.3	)	(3,503.2	)	(113.6	)	—			—			—			(3,616.8	)
Underwriting profit (loss)		2.9			74.4		16.1		62.9		14.1		25.0		8.6		204.0		(42.7	)	—			—			—			161.3
Interest income		27.4			90.9		43.2		18.6		37.8		12.2		18.0		248.1		33.2		12.3			(0.7	)		—			292.9
Dividends		5.4			11.2		3.4		2.0		0.9		1.9		1.1		25.9		4.1		3.5			0.1			—			33.6
Investment expenses		(5.9	)		(11.8	)	(6.3	)	(3.8	)	(6.5	)	(1.4	)	(4.2	)	(39.9	)	(7.3	)	(5.1	)		(1.1	)		40.9			(12.5	)
Interest and dividends		26.9			90.3		40.3		16.8		32.2		12.7		14.9		234.1		30.0		10.7			(1.7	)		40.9			314.0
Share of profit (loss) of associates		3.4			14.9		(4.4	)	(6.9	)	(1.6	)	11.9		0.6		17.9		(3.4	)	3.8			6.8			—			25.1
Other
Revenue		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		906.7			—			—			906.7
Expenses		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(867.0	)		—			—			(867.0	)
		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		39.7			—			—			39.7
Operating income (loss)		33.2			179.6		52.0		72.8		44.7		49.6		24.1		456.0		(16.1	)	54.2		��	5.1			40.9			540.1
Net gains (losses) on investments		(66.0	)		30.7		146.3		(42.6	)	177.5		(23.1	)	(7.6	)	215.2		(21.0	)	4.3			(128.9	)		—			69.6
Interest expense		—			(1.3	)	(0.8	)	(1.7	)	(7.8	)	—		(1.9	)	(13.5	)	—		(10.4	)		(91.0	)		—			(114.9	)
Corporate overhead		(3.3	)		(13.6	)	(9.8	)	(4.1	)	(4.6	)	—		(0.1	)	(35.5	)	—		—			(10.3	)		(40.9	)		(86.7	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		(36.1	)		195.4		187.7		24.4		209.8		26.5		14.5		622.2		(37.1	)	48.1			(225.1	)		—			408.1
Income taxes																														(131.3	)
Net earnings																														276.8
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																														187.7
Non-controlling interests																														89.1
																														276.8

27

Six months ended June 30, 2015

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit(1)		Fairfax Asia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments			Consolidated
Gross premiums written
External		559.1			1,273.4		894.4		480.9		183.7		331.7		303.4		4,026.6		90.2		—		—			—			4,116.8
Intercompany		0.9			13.5		7.5		—		1.5		(0.4	)	61.1		84.1		56.5		—		—			(140.6	)		—
		560.0			1,286.9		901.9		480.9		185.2		331.3		364.5		4,110.7		146.7		—		—			(140.6	)		4,116.8
Net premiums written		458.7			1,117.4		789.5		474.2		151.2		156.1		292.8		3,439.9		146.5		—		—			—			3,586.4
Net premiums earned
External		499.1			1,132.1		702.2		366.3		125.9		174.9		197.5		3,198.0		90.1		—		—			—			3,288.1
Intercompany		(61.3	)		(1.7	)	(0.8	)	(0.7	)	(0.2	)	(27.8	)	36.1		(56.4	)	56.4		—		—			—			—
		437.8			1,130.4		701.4		365.6		125.7		147.1		233.6		3,141.6		146.5		—		—			—			3,288.1
Underwriting expenses		(419.1	)		(1,001.5	)	(686.6	)	(304.0	)	(120.6	)	(132.7	)	(214.2	)	(2,878.7	)	(198.7	)	—		—			—			(3,077.4	)
Underwriting profit (loss)		18.7			128.9		14.8		61.6		5.1		14.4		19.4		262.9		(52.2	)	—		—			—			210.7
Interest income		14.2			92.7		27.3		15.4		2.2		12.8		14.7		179.3		43.9		18.8		(12.5	)		—			229.5
Dividends		10.4			14.4		4.6		2.1		0.8		2.7		1.8		36.8		4.4		3.7		1.1			—			46.0
Investment expenses		(7.2	)		(11.3	)	(6.4	)	(3.7	)	(1.4	)	(1.6	)	(5.3	)	(36.9	)	(7.9	)	(3.1	)	(0.7	)		34.4			(14.2	)
Interest and dividends		17.4			95.8		25.5		13.8		1.6		13.9		11.2		179.2		40.4		19.4		(12.1	)		34.4			261.3
Share of profit of associates		6.4			52.3		16.5		24.6		—		15.5		3.2		118.5		24.1		1.7		3.4			—			147.7
Other
Revenue		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		944.5		—			—			944.5
Expenses		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(908.3	)	—			—			(908.3	)
		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		36.2		—			—			36.2
Operating income (loss)		42.5			277.0		56.8		100.0		6.7		43.8		33.8		560.6		12.3		57.3		(8.7	)		34.4			655.9
Net gains (losses) on investments		94.8			(407.2	)	(133.2	)	(58.7	)	(40.7	)	(10.4	)	(39.6	)	(595.0	)	(133.3	)	(6.4	)	250.0			—			(484.7	)
Interest expense		—			(4.2	)	(0.7	)	(1.7	)	(1.7	)	—		(2.0	)	(10.3	)	—		(7.1	)	(90.9	)		—			(108.3	)
Corporate overhead		(5.0	)		(11.0	)	(10.3	)	(4.3	)	—		—		—		(30.6	)	—		—		(39.9	)		(34.4	)		(104.9	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		132.3			(145.4	)	(87.4	)	35.3		(35.7	)	33.4		(7.8	)	(75.3	)	(121.0	)	43.8		110.5			—			(42.0	)
Income taxes																													99.5
Net earnings																													57.5
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																													39.5
Non-controlling interests																													18.0
																													57.5

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

28

18. Expenses

Losses on claims, net, operating expenses and other expenses for the three and six months ended June 30 were comprised as follows:

	Second quarter		First six months
	2016	2015	2016	2015
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	1,209.1	945.9	2,169.9	1,891.2
Wages and salaries	295.9	258.2	585.0	499.9
Other reporting segment cost of sales	255.2	277.2	471.7	561.4
Employee benefits	63.4	67.4	136.7	131.9
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges	63.0	31.7	101.1	57.9
Operating lease costs	34.0	32.4	71.8	58.4
Audit, legal and tax professional fees	30.8	27.5	56.5	47.2
Information technology costs	27.9	21.5	54.5	40.8
Premium taxes	22.1	22.6	46.8	42.7
Share-based payments to directors and employees	13.3	9.2	27.6	18.6
Other reporting segment marketing costs	9.5	9.1	19.4	14.8
Restructuring costs	0.8	2.4	1.9	3.3
Administrative expense and other	87.0	96.3	178.3	195.6
	2,112.0	1,801.4	3,921.2	3,563.7

19. Supplementary Cash Flow Information

Cash and cash equivalents were included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: 

	June 30, 2016	December 31, 2015
Holding company cash and investments:
Cash and balances with banks	85.4	151.5
Treasury bills and other eligible bills	13.5	70.9
	98.9	222.4
Subsidiary cash and short term investments:
Cash and balances with banks	1,732.7	1,628.4
Treasury bills and other eligible bills	1,218.4	1,599.3
	2,951.1	3,227.7
Subsidiary assets pledged for short sale and derivative obligations:
Cash and balances with banks	—	7.7
Fairfax India: cash and balances with banks	80.7	22.0
Cash and cash equivalents included in the consolidated balance sheets	3,130.7	3,479.8
Less: Cash and cash equivalents - restricted(1)
Subsidiary cash and cash equivalents - restricted:
Cash and balances with banks	331.0	152.2
Treasury bills and other eligible bills	209.8	202.0
	540.8	354.2
Cash and cash equivalents included in the consolidated statements of cash flows	2,589.9	3,125.6

(1) Cash and cash equivalents as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows excludes balances that are restricted. Subsidiary restricted cash and cash equivalents are comprised primarily of amounts required to be maintained on deposit with various regulatory authorities to support the subsidiaries' insurance and reinsurance operations and gross proceeds of $101.3 from the private placement offering of subscription receipts by Cara to form part of the financing for its acquisition of St-Hubert (see note 15).

29

Details of certain cash flows included in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30 were as follows:

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
(a) Net (purchases) sales of investments classified as FVTPL
Short term investments	340.7		170.1		1,157.3		(78.1	)
Bonds	(95.3	)	308.9		(1,541.4	)	(286.9	)
Preferred stocks	0.1		0.9		(67.4	)	45.9
Common stocks	93.6		229.8		52.3		122.5
Derivatives and short sales	(618.6	)	(131.4	)	(45.2	)	(57.9	)
	(279.5	)	578.3		(444.4	)	(254.5	)
(b) Net interest and dividends received
Interest and dividends received	206.4		227.4		387.7		365.7
Interest paid	(66.3	)	(73.7	)	(103.5	)	(97.4	)
	140.1		153.7		284.2		268.3
(c) Net income taxes paid	(115.6	)	(76.4	)	(184.8	)	(135.8	)

30

Index to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Notes to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		32
Business Developments		32
Sources of Revenue		33
Sources of Net Earnings		35
Net Earnings by Reporting Segment		38
Components of Net Earnings
	Underwriting and Operating Income	41
	Northbridge	41
	OdysseyRe	42
	Crum & Forster	43
	Zenith National	44
	Brit	45
	Fairfax Asia	46
	Insurance and Reinsurance - Other	47
	Runoff	49
	Other	51
	Investments	52
	Interest and Dividends	52
	Net Gains (Losses) on Investments	53
	Interest Expense	54
	Corporate Overhead and Other	54
	Income Taxes	55
Consolidated Balance Sheet Summary		55
Financial Risk Management		56
Financial Condition
	Capital Management	56
	Liquidity	56
	Book Value Per Share	58
	Contingencies and Commitments	58
Comparative Quarterly Data		58
Forward-Looking Statements		59

31

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(as of July 28, 2016)

(Figures and amounts are in US$ and $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated. Figures may not add due to rounding.)

Notes to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(1) Readers of the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should review the notes to the interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, and the notes to the MD&A contained in the company's 2015 Annual Report.

(2) The company presents information on gross premiums written and net premiums written throughout this MD&A. These two measures are used in the insurance industry and by management in evaluating operating results. Gross premiums written represents the total premiums on policies issued during a specified period, irrespective of the portion earned. Net premiums written represents gross premiums written less amounts ceded to reinsurers.

(3) The combined ratio is the traditional measure of underwriting results of property and casualty companies. A non-IFRS measure, the combined ratio is calculated by the company as the sum of the loss ratio (claims losses and loss adjustment expenses expressed as a percentage of net premiums earned) and the expense ratio (commissions, premium acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses expressed as a percentage of net premiums earned). Other non-IFRS measures used by the company include the commission expense ratio (commissions expressed as a percentage of net premiums earned) and the accident year combined ratio (calculated in the same manner as the combined ratio but excluding the net favourable or adverse development of reserves established for claims that occurred in previous accident years).

(4) "Interest and dividends" in this MD&A is derived from the consolidated statement of earnings prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and is comprised of the sum of interest and dividends and share of profit (loss) of associates. "Consolidated interest and dividend income" in this MD&A refers to interest and dividends as presented in the consolidated statement of earnings.

(5) The company's long equity total return swaps allow the company to receive the total return on a notional amount of an equity index or individual equity (including dividends and capital gains or losses) in exchange for the payment of a floating rate of interest on the notional amount. Conversely, short equity total return swaps allow the company to pay the total return on a notional amount of an equity index or individual equity in exchange for the receipt of a floating rate of interest on the notional amount. Throughout this MD&A, the term “total return swap expense" refers to the net dividends and interest paid or received related to the company's long and short equity and equity index total return swaps.

(6) Additional IFRS measures included in the Capital Resources and Management section of this MD&A include: net debt divided by total equity, net debt divided by net total capital and total debt divided by total capital. The company also calculates an interest coverage ratio and an interest and preferred share dividend distribution coverage ratio as a measure of its ability to service its debt and pay dividends to its preferred shareholders.

(7) References in this MD&A to the company's insurance and reinsurance operations do not include its runoff operations.

Business Developments

Acquisitions and Divestitures

For a full description of these transactions, see note 15 (Acquisitions and Divestitures) to the interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

32

Sources of Revenue

Revenues reflected in the consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 are shown in the table that follows.

	Second quarter			First six months
	2016	2015		2016	2015
Net premiums earned - Insurance and Reinsurance
Northbridge	226.9	225.0		436.1	437.8
OdysseyRe	534.4	592.3		995.8	1,130.4
Crum & Forster	434.1	365.9		856.4	701.4
Zenith National	197.1	186.7		384.4	365.6
Brit(1)	348.9	125.7		691.5	125.7
Fairfax Asia	78.7	78.8		129.1	147.1
Other	110.9	104.1		213.9	233.6
	1,931.0	1,678.5		3,707.2	3,141.6
Runoff	70.7	(2.5	)	70.9	146.5
	2,001.7	1,676.0		3,778.1	3,288.1
Interest and dividends	176.4	264.0		339.1	409.0
Net gains (losses) on investments	229.2	(661.2	)	69.6	(484.7	)
Other(2)	499.7	490.2		906.7	944.5
	2,907.0	1,769.0		5,093.5	4,156.9

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

(2) Other revenue primarily comprises the revenue earned by Ridley (sold on June 18, 2015), William Ashley, Sporting Life, Praktiker, The Keg, Thomas Cook India, Quess Corp, Sterling Resorts, Pethealth, Fairfax India (since its initial public offering on January 30, 2015), Cara (acquired on April 10, 2015), Boat Rocker (acquired on July 17, 2015) and NCML (acquired on August 19, 2015).

Revenue of $2,907.0 and $5,093.5 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 increased from $1,769.0 and $4,156.9 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 principally as a result of net gains on investments and increased net premiums earned, partially offset by lower interest and dividends. An analysis of consolidated interest and dividend income, share of profit (loss) of associates and net gains (losses) on investments for the second quarters and first six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 is provided in the Investments section of this MD&A.

The increase in net premiums earned by the company’s insurance and reinsurance operations in the second quarter of 2016 reflected the consolidation of the net premiums earned by Brit for the full second quarter ($223.2 incremental increase year-over-year) and increases at Crum & Forster ($68.2, 18.6%), Zenith National ($10.4, 5.6%), Insurance and Reinsurance – Other ($6.8, 6.5%) and Northbridge ($1.9, 0.8% including the unfavourable effect of foreign currency translation), partially offset by decreases at OdysseyRe ($57.9, 9.8%) and Fairfax Asia ($0.1, 0.1%). The increase in net premiums earned by the company’s insurance and reinsurance operations in the first six months of 2016 reflected the consolidation of the net premiums earned by Brit ($565.8 incremental increase year-over-year) and increases at Crum & Forster ($155.0, 22.1%) and Zenith National ($18.8, 5.1%), partially offset by decreases at OdysseyRe ($134.6, 11.9%), Insurance and Reinsurance – Other ($19.7, 8.4%), Fairfax Asia ($18.0, 12.2%) and Northbridge ($1.7, 0.4% including the unfavourable effect of foreign currency translation). Net premiums earned at Runoff in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally reflected the impact of the second quarter 2016 construction defect transaction. Net premiums earned at Runoff in the first six months of 2015 principally reflected the impact of the AXA Canada and first quarter 2015 APH reinsurance transactions. These reinsurance transactions are described in more detail in the Components of Net Earnings section of this MD&A under the heading Runoff.

The increase in other revenue from $490.2 in the second quarter of 2015 to $499.7 in the second quarter of 2016 principally reflected increased revenue at Thomas Cook India and Fairfax India, and the impact of the consolidation of Boat Rocker Media ("Boat Rocker", formerly known as Temple Street Productions, acquired on July 17, 2015), partially offset by the divestiture of Ridley on June 18, 2015. The decrease in other revenue from $944.5 in the first six months of 2015 to $906.7 in the first six months of 2016 principally reflected the divestiture of Ridley on June 18, 2015, partially offset by increased revenue at Thomas Cook India and Fairfax India, and the impact of the consolidation of Cara (acquired on April 10, 2015) and Boat Rocker (acquired on July 17, 2015).

33

Net premiums written by the company's insurance and reinsurance operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 are shown in the table that follows.

	Second quarter					First six months
Net premiums written	2016	2015	% change year-over-year			2016	2015	% change year-over-year
Northbridge	282.2	277.4		1.7		463.2	458.7		1.0
OdysseyRe	631.1	554.0		13.9		1,114.6	1,117.4		(0.3	)
Crum & Forster	449.6	411.5		9.3		890.4	789.5		12.8
Zenith National	163.4	164.4		(0.6	)	491.0	474.2		3.5
Brit(1)	352.3	151.2		133.0		757.6	151.2		401.1
Fairfax Asia	86.8	80.2		8.2		151.8	156.1		(2.8	)
Other	102.1	118.1		(13.5	)	229.0	292.8		(21.8	)
Insurance and reinsurance operations	2,067.5	1,756.8		17.7		4,097.6	3,439.9		19.1
Insurance and reinsurance operations excluding Brit	1,715.2	1,605.6		6.8		3,340.0	3,288.7		1.6

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

Northbridge’s net premiums written increased by 1.7% and 1.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 as the impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar exceeded the underlying increase in net premiums written expressed in Canadian dollars. In Canadian dollar terms, Northbridge’s net premiums written increased by 7.4% and 8.6% primarily due to increased renewals, new business writings, and modest price increases across the group.

OdysseyRe’s net premiums written increased by 13.9% and decreased by 0.3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, primarily reflecting the impact of the non-renewal on June 1, 2015 of a Florida property quota share reinsurance contract (following the cedent's decision to retain all the risk associated with that contract). Excluding the impact of the non-renewal of the Florida property quota share reinsurance contract, net premiums written increased in the second quarter of 2016 by 2.4% (principally reflecting growth in the crop line of business in the U.S. Insurance division, partially offset by decreases in the Latin America division) and decreased in the first six months of 2016 by 1.8% (principally reflecting reduced reinsurance writings partially offset by growth in the U.S. Insurance division). Net premiums written in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 was also impacted by purchases of property catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance at favourable pricing, which will significantly mitigate the impact of small to medium-sized catastrophe events on OdysseyRe's U.S. and international operations.

Crum & Forster's net premiums written increased by 9.3% and 12.8% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, principally reflecting growth in Crum & Forster's accident and health line of business and the incremental contributions from prior years' acquisitions.

Zenith National's net premiums written increased by 3.5% in the first six months of 2016, primarily as a result of an increase in exposure, partially offset by modest price decreases.

Net premiums written by Fairfax Asia increased by 8.2% in the second quarter of 2016, principally reflecting increased writings at First Capital (primarily in the property and marine hull lines of business). Net premiums written by Fairfax Asia decreased by 2.8% in the first six months of 2016 primarily reflecting the impact of the Pacific Insurance loss portfolio transfer (described in more detail in the Components of Net Earnings section of this MD&A under the heading Fairfax Asia) which reduced net premiums written by $15.6, partially offset by the incremental contribution from the acquisition of MCIS in 2015 ($14.2).

Net premiums written by the Insurance and Reinsurance – Other reporting segment decreased by 13.5% in the second quarter of 2016, primarily reflecting decreases at Group Re (principally related to the non-renewal in the second quarter of 2016 of an intercompany property quota share agreement with Brit) and Advent (principally related to a decrease in risk retention, partially offset by increases in its accident and health line of business). Net premiums written by the Insurance and Reinsurance – Other reporting segment decreased by 21.8% in the first six months of 2016, primarily reflecting decreases at Group Re (primarily related to the non-renewal in the second quarter of 2016 of an intercompany property quota share agreement with Brit and the cancellation in the fourth quarter of 2015 of a quota share reinsurance agreement between Group Re and Fairfax Asia (First Capital) which incepted on January 1, 2015 in respect of commercial automobile business), Polish Re (primarily related to the non-recurring impact of the QBE loss portfolio transfer in the first quarter of 2015) and Fairfax Brasil (primarily the unfavourable impact of foreign currency translation).

34

Sources of Net Earnings

The following table presents the combined ratios and underwriting and operating results for each of the insurance and reinsurance operations and, as applicable, for runoff operations, as well as the earnings contributions from the Other reporting segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. In that table, interest and dividends in the consolidated statements of earnings are presented separately as they relate to the insurance and reinsurance operating segments, and included in Runoff, Corporate overhead and other, and Other as they relate to those segments. Net realized gains (losses) before equity hedges, net change in unrealized gains (losses) before equity hedges and equity hedging net losses are each shown separately to present more meaningfully the results of the company's investment management strategies.

	Second quarter						First six months
Combined ratios - Insurance and Reinsurance	2016			2015			2016			2015
Northbridge	100.0		%	94.5		%	99.3		%	95.7		%
OdysseyRe	94.4		%	88.1		%	92.5		%	88.6		%
Crum & Forster	98.6		%	97.2		%	98.1		%	97.9		%
Zenith National	83.9		%	88.4		%	83.6		%	83.1		%
Brit(1)	99.9		%	95.9		%	98.0		%	95.9		%
Fairfax Asia	83.3		%	89.6		%	80.7		%	90.2		%
Other	99.0		%	92.3		%	96.0		%	91.7		%
Consolidated	95.7		%	91.9		%	94.5		%	91.6		%
Sources of net earnings
Underwriting - Insurance and Reinsurance
Northbridge	—			12.3			2.9			18.7
OdysseyRe	29.7			70.6			74.4			128.9
Crum & Forster	6.1			10.2			16.1			14.8
Zenith National	31.8			21.7			62.9			61.6
Brit(1)	0.4			5.1			14.1			5.1
Fairfax Asia	13.2			8.1			25.0			14.4
Other	1.1			8.1			8.6			19.4
Underwriting profit	82.3			136.1			204.0			262.9
Interest and dividends - insurance and reinsurance	127.0			188.4			252.0			297.7
Operating income	209.3			324.5			456.0			560.6
Runoff (excluding net gains (losses) on investments)	(1.1		)	25.4			(16.1		)	12.3
Other reporting segment	41.9			38.6			54.2			57.3
Interest expense	(59.7		)	(56.8		)	(114.9		)	(108.3		)
Corporate overhead and other	(15.6		)	(43.4		)	(40.7		)	(79.2		)
Pre-tax income before net gains (losses) on investments	174.8			288.3			338.5			442.7
Net realized gains before equity hedges	315.4			611.6			149.2			1,093.7
Pre-tax income including net realized gains before equity hedges	490.2			899.9			487.7			1,536.4
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) before equity hedges	118.7			(1,264.0		)	233.7			(1,400.0		)
Equity hedging net losses	(204.9		)	(8.8		)	(313.3		)	(178.4		)
Pre-tax income (loss)	404.0			(372.9		)	408.1			(42.0		)
Income taxes	(110.5		)	194.3			(131.3		)	99.5
Net earnings (loss)	293.5			(178.6		)	276.8			57.5
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax	238.7			(185.7		)	187.7			39.5
Non-controlling interests	54.8			7.1			89.1			18.0
	293.5			(178.6		)	276.8			57.5
Net earnings (loss) per share	$	9.81		$	(8.87	)	$	7.24		$	0.73
Net earnings (loss) per diluted share	$	9.58		$	(8.87	)	$	7.07		$	0.71
Cash dividends paid per share	$	—		$	—		$	10.00		$	10.00

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

35

The company's insurance and reinsurance operations produced underwriting profits of $82.3 and $204.0 (combined ratios of 95.7% and 94.5%) in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to $136.1 and $262.9 (combined ratios of 91.9% and 91.6%) in the second quarter and first six months of 2015. The increase in the combined ratio in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally reflected the impact of increased current period catastrophe losses on the current accident year loss ratio and modest increases in underwriting and commission expense ratios, partially offset by the benefit of increased net favourable prior year reserve development. The following table presents the components of the company's combined ratios for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Underwriting profit	82.3		136.1		204.0		262.9
Loss & LAE - accident year	71.5	%	64.9	%	67.1	%	63.8	%
Commissions	17.1	%	16.9	%	17.5	%	16.7	%
Underwriting expense	16.1	%	15.1	%	16.9	%	15.9	%
Combined ratio - accident year	104.7	%	96.9	%	101.5	%	96.4	%
Net favourable development	(9.0	)%	(5.0	)%	(7.0	)%	(4.8	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	95.7	%	91.9	%	94.5	%	91.6	%

Net favourable prior year reserve development for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was comprised as follows:

	Second quarter				First six months
Insurance and Reinsurance	2016		2015		2016		2015
Northbridge	(38.1	)	(20.1	)	(37.4	)	(18.9	)
OdysseyRe	(68.4	)	(28.5	)	(102.9	)	(39.7	)
Zenith National	(20.2	)	(15.0	)	(44.4	)	(51.2	)
Brit(1)	(22.2	)	—		(22.2	)	—
Fairfax Asia	(16.3	)	(6.4	)	(30.0	)	(10.6	)
Other	(9.6	)	(13.7	)	(23.4	)	(31.1	)
	(174.8	)	(83.7	)	(260.3	)	(151.5	)

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

Current period catastrophe losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was comprised as follows:

		Second quarter								First six months
		2016				2015				2016				2015
	Catastrophe losses(1)		Combined ratio impact		Catastrophe losses(1)		Combined ratio impact		Catastrophe losses(1)		Combined ratio impact		Catastrophe losses(1)		Combined ratio impact
Fort McMurray wildfires		62.6	3.2			—	—			62.6	1.7			—	—
Other		95.4	5.0			36.0	2.1			126.6	3.4			63.8	2.0
		158.0	8.2	points		36.0	2.1	points		189.2	5.1	points		63.8	2.0	points

(1) Net of reinstatement premiums.

The commission expense ratio increased from 16.7% in the first six months of 2015 to 17.5% in the first six months of 2016, primarily reflecting increases at Brit (Brit's commission expense ratio is generally higher than Fairfax's other operating companies as commission rates on the Lloyd's platform tend to be higher than typical non-Lloyd's insurance and reinsurance arrangements), Northbridge (primarily commission expense adjustments in the first quarter of 2016, and the impact of non-recurring commission revenue earned in the first quarter of 2015 related to the AXA Canada reinsurance transaction described in more detail in the Components of Net Earnings section of this MD&A under the heading Runoff) and Crum & Forster (primarily reflecting the impact of increased writings of accident and health insurance which incur higher commission rates and reductions in ceding commissions earned on earned premiums ceded to reinsurers as a result of the increase in retentions that occurred in 2015).

The underwriting expense ratio increased from 15.1% and 15.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to 16.1% and 16.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, principally as a result of lower net premiums earned at OdysseyRe and Fairfax Asia. Underwriting expenses in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 increased by 10.7% and 7.5% (excluding Brit's underwriting expenses of $50.0 and $106.8 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, and $16.0 in each of the second quarter and first six months of 2015), primarily reflecting increased operating expenses at Crum & Forster consistent with its growth in net premiums earned.

36

Operating expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings include only the operating expenses of the company’s insurance and reinsurance and runoff operations and corporate overhead. Operating expenses increased from $346.8 in the second quarter of 2015 to $379.1 in the second quarter of 2016 (increased from $667.8 in the first six months of 2015 to $767.5 in the first six months of 2016) primarily as a result of increased underwriting expenses of the insurance and reinsurance operations as described in the preceding paragraph (including the consolidation of the operating expenses of Brit), partially offset by decreased Fairfax corporate overhead (Fairfax corporate overhead in 2015 included expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition of Brit).

Other expenses decreased nominally from $465.8 in the second quarter of 2015 to $465.0 in the second quarter of 2016 (decreased from $908.3 in the first six months of 2015 to $867.0 in the first six months of 2016), principally reflecting the sale of Ridley on June 18, 2015, partially offset by the consolidation of the other expenses of Cara (acquired on April 10, 2015) and Boat Rocker (acquired on July 17, 2015), and increased other expenses at Thomas Cook India and Fairfax India (consistent with their growth in revenue).

The company reported net earnings attributable to shareholders of Fairfax of $238.7 (net earnings of $9.81 per basic share and $9.58 per diluted share) in the second quarter of 2016 compared to a net loss attributable to shareholders of Fairfax of $185.7 (net loss of $8.87 per basic and diluted share) in the second quarter of 2015. The company reported net earnings attributable to shareholders of Fairfax of $187.7 (net earnings of $7.24 per basic share and $7.07 per diluted share) in the first six months of 2016 compared to net earnings attributable to shareholders of Fairfax of $39.5 (net earnings of $0.73 per basic share and $0.71 per diluted share) in the first six months of 2015. The year-over-year increase in profitability primarily reflected net gains on investments in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 (compared to net losses on investments in the second quarter and first six months of 2015), partially offset by lower interest and dividends, decreased underwriting profit and the provision for income taxes.

37

Net Earnings by Reporting Segment

The company's sources of net earnings shown by reporting segment are set out below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. The intercompany adjustment for gross premiums written eliminates premiums on reinsurance ceded within the group, primarily to OdysseyRe and Group Re.

Quarter ended June 30, 2016

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit		FairfaxAsia		Other			Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments		Consolidated
Gross premiums written		303.9			744.6		518.3		166.3		520.1		178.3			150.6		2,582.1		72.3		—		—		(34.2	)		2,620.2
Net premiums written		282.2			631.1		449.6		163.4		352.3		86.8			102.1		2,067.5		70.7		—		—		—			2,138.2
Net premiums earned		226.9			534.4		434.1		197.1		348.9		78.7			110.9		1,931.0		70.7		—		—		—			2,001.7
Underwriting profit (loss)		—			29.7		6.1		31.8		0.4		13.2			1.1		82.3		(19.8	)	—		—		—			62.5
Interest and dividends		18.7			54.9		18.2		5.3		14.5		9.9			5.5		127.0		18.7		7.2		3.1		20.4			176.4
Operating income (loss)		18.7			84.6		24.3		37.1		14.9		23.1			6.6		209.3		(1.1	)	7.2		3.1		20.4			238.9
Net gains (losses) on investments		24.0			41.5		109.4		(12.3	)	88.4		(3.9	)		19.7		266.8		14.8		5.3		(57.7	)	—			229.2
Other reporting segment		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		34.7		—		—			34.7
Interest expense		—			(0.6	)	(0.4	)	(0.9	)	(4.0	)	—			(0.8	)	(6.7	)	—		(5.4	)	(47.6	)	—			(59.7	)
Corporate overhead and other		(1.7	)		(6.4	)	(5.2	)	(2.0	)	(2.3	)	—			(0.1	)	(17.7	)	—		—		(1.0	)	(20.4	)		(39.1	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		41.0			119.1		128.1		21.9		97.0		19.2			25.4		451.7		13.7		41.8		(103.2	)	—			404.0
Income taxes																													(110.5	)
Net earnings																													293.5
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																													238.7
Non-controlling interests																													54.8
																													293.5

Quarter ended June 30, 2015

	Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit(1)		Fairfax Asia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments		Consolidated
Gross premiums written		297.4			666.2		469.1		167.2		185.2		156.9		147.5		2,089.5		(2.5	)	—		—		(34.4	)		2,052.6
Net premiums written		277.4			554.0		411.5		164.4		151.2		80.2		118.1		1,756.8		(2.5	)	—		—		—			1,754.3
Net premiums earned		225.0			592.3		365.9		186.7		125.7		78.8		104.1		1,678.5		(2.5	)	—		—		—			1,676.0
Underwriting profit (loss)		12.3			70.6		10.2		21.7		5.1		8.1		8.1		136.1		(18.1	)	—		—		—			118.0
Interest and dividends		13.8			99.0		28.4		31.6		1.6		8.8		5.2		188.4		43.5		14.2		0.9		17.0			264.0
Operating income		26.1			169.6		38.6		53.3		6.7		16.9		13.3		324.5		25.4		14.2		0.9		17.0			382.0
Net gains (losses) on investments		49.3			(367.0	)	(152.2	)	(65.4	)	(40.7	)	(20.2	)	(52.6	)	(648.8	)	(161.5	)	(14.4	)	163.5		—			(661.2	)
Other reporting segment		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		24.4		—		—			24.4
Interest expense		—			(1.4	)	(0.4	)	(0.9	)	(1.7	)	—		(1.0	)	(5.4	)	—		(4.1	)	(47.3	)	—			(56.8	)
Corporate overhead and other		(2.7	)		(5.3	)	(6.3	)	(2.1	)	—		—		—		(16.4	)	—		—		(27.9	)	(17.0	)		(61.3	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		72.7			(204.1	)	(120.3	)	(15.1	)	(35.7	)	(3.3	)	(40.3	)	(346.1	)	(136.1	)	20.1		89.2		—			(372.9	)
Income taxes																												194.3
Net loss																												(178.6	)
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																												(185.7	)
Non-controlling interests																												7.1
																												(178.6	)

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

38

Six months ended June 30, 2016

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit		Fairfax Asia		Other			Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments		Consolidated
Gross premiums written		502.8			1,284.2		1,010.0		497.8		1,030.6		344.7			302.4		4,972.5		72.5		—		—		(80.8	)		4,964.2
Net premiums written		463.2			1,114.6		890.4		491.0		757.6		151.8			229.0		4,097.6		70.9		—		—		—			4,168.5
Net premiums earned		436.1			995.8		856.4		384.4		691.5		129.1			213.9		3,707.2		70.9		—		—		—			3,778.1
Underwriting profit (loss)		2.9			74.4		16.1		62.9		14.1		25.0			8.6		204.0		(42.7	)	—		—		—			161.3
Interest and dividends		30.3			105.2		35.9		9.9		30.6		24.6			15.5		252.0		26.6		14.5		5.1		40.9			339.1
Operating income (loss)		33.2			179.6		52.0		72.8		44.7		49.6			24.1		456.0		(16.1	)	14.5		5.1		40.9			500.4
Net gains (losses) on investments		(66.0	)		30.7		146.3		(42.6	)	177.5		(23.1	)		(7.6	)	215.2		(21.0	)	4.3		(128.9	)	—			69.6
Other reporting segment		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		39.7		—		—			39.7
Interest expense		—			(1.3	)	(0.8	)	(1.7	)	(7.8	)	—			(1.9	)	(13.5	)	—		(10.4	)	(91.0	)	—			(114.9	)
Corporate overhead and other		(3.3	)		(13.6	)	(9.8	)	(4.1	)	(4.6	)	—			(0.1	)	(35.5	)	—		—		(10.3	)	(40.9	)		(86.7	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		(36.1	)		195.4		187.7		24.4		209.8		26.5			14.5		622.2		(37.1	)	48.1		(225.1	)	—			408.1
Income taxes																													(131.3	)
Net earnings																													276.8
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																													187.7
Non-controlling interests																													89.1
																													276.8

Six months ended June 30, 2015

	Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit(1)		Fairfax Asia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Eliminations and adjustments		Consolidated
Gross premiums written		560.0			1,286.9		901.9		480.9		185.2		331.3		364.5		4,110.7		146.7		—		—		(140.6	)		4,116.8
Net premiums written		458.7			1,117.4		789.5		474.2		151.2		156.1		292.8		3,439.9		146.5		—		—		—			3,586.4
Net premiums earned		437.8			1,130.4		701.4		365.6		125.7		147.1		233.6		3,141.6		146.5		—		—		—			3,288.1
Underwriting profit (loss)		18.7			128.9		14.8		61.6		5.1		14.4		19.4		262.9		(52.2	)	—		—		—			210.7
Interest and dividends		23.8			148.1		42.0		38.4		1.6		29.4		14.4		297.7		64.5		21.1		(8.7	)	34.4			409.0
Operating income (loss)		42.5			277.0		56.8		100.0		6.7		43.8		33.8		560.6		12.3		21.1		(8.7	)	34.4			619.7
Net gains (losses) on investments		94.8			(407.2	)	(133.2	)	(58.7	)	(40.7	)	(10.4	)	(39.6	)	(595.0	)	(133.3	)	(6.4	)	250.0		—			(484.7	)
Other reporting segment		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		36.2		—		—			36.2
Interest expense		—			(4.2	)	(0.7	)	(1.7	)	(1.7	)	—		(2.0	)	(10.3	)	—		(7.1	)	(90.9	)	—			(108.3	)
Corporate overhead and other		(5.0	)		(11.0	)	(10.3	)	(4.3	)	—		—		—		(30.6	)	—		—		(39.9	)	(34.4	)		(104.9	)
Pre-tax income (loss)		132.3			(145.4	)	(87.4	)	35.3		(35.7	)	33.4		(7.8	)	(75.3	)	(121.0	)	43.8		110.5		—			(42.0	)
Income taxes																												99.5
Net earnings																												57.5
Attributable to:
Shareholders of Fairfax																												39.5
Non-controlling interests																												18.0
																												57.5

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

39

Net gains (losses) on investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 for each of the insurance and reinsurance operations, runoff operations and Other reporting segment, as well as Corporate and Other, were comprised as shown in the following tables:

Quarter ended June 30, 2016

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit		FairfaxAsia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Equity and equity-related holdings		1.2			(56.1	)	(5.3	)	(38.8	)	(25.8	)	(6.1	)	(11.2	)	(142.1	)	(45.4	)	(1.8	)	(19.0	)		(208.3	)
Equity hedges		(29.8	)		(77.8	)	(13.4	)	(21.5	)	(3.4	)	—		(10.9	)	(156.8	)	(22.8	)	—		(25.3	)		(204.9	)
Bonds		60.2			166.5		132.1		49.4		111.9		1.6		31.8		553.5		82.5		3.6		0.3			639.9
Common stocks - Other funds		—			—		—		—		0.5		—		—		0.5		—		0.1		—			0.6
Preferred stocks		0.2			—		—		—		—		—		—		0.2		—		—		—			0.2
CPI-linked derivatives		(3.0	)		(2.0	)	(2.4	)	0.3		(3.1	)	—		10.8		0.6		(3.0	)	—		0.3			(2.1	)
Foreign currency		(4.3	)		14.8		(1.8	)	(1.8	)	6.9		0.7		(0.9	)	13.6		3.7		3.5		(6.0	)		14.8
Other		(0.5	)		(3.9	)	0.2		0.1		1.4		(0.1	)	0.1		(2.7	)	(0.2	)	(0.1	)	(8.0	)		(11.0	)
Net gains (losses) on investments		24.0			41.5		109.4		(12.3	)	88.4		(3.9	)	19.7		266.8		14.8		5.3		(57.7	)		229.2

Quarter ended June 30, 2015

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit(1)		Fairfax Asia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Equity and equity-related holdings(2)		112.6			(84.7	)	(20.9	)	(15.7	)	—		(12.5	)	(2.6	)	(23.8	)	(6.3	)	(1.9	)	128.1			96.1
Equity hedges		(0.6	)		(6.1	)	(6.1	)	(1.7	)	—		—		(4.6	)	(19.1	)	0.6		—		9.7			(8.8	)
Bonds		(49.2	)		(251.3	)	(120.7	)	(43.4	)	(14.8	)	(1.3	)	(24.7	)	(505.4	)	(136.6	)	(12.1	)	(3.1	)		(657.2	)
Common stocks - Other funds		—			—		—		—		(23.8	)	—		—		(23.8	)	—		(1.5	)	—			(25.3	)
Preferred stocks		(0.3	)		—		—		—		—		(0.2	)	(0.3	)	(0.8	)	—		—		0.1			(0.7	)
CPI-linked derivatives		(3.7	)		(12.4	)	(4.8	)	(5.6	)	—		—		(17.8	)	(44.3	)	(2.4	)	—		(5.6	)		(52.3	)
Foreign currency		(9.9	)		(13.2	)	0.2		0.5		(2.0	)	(6.2	)	(2.6	)	(33.2	)	(16.9	)	1.0		34.2			(14.9	)
Other		0.4			0.7		0.1		0.5		(0.1	)	—		—		1.6		0.1		0.1		0.1			1.9
Net gains (losses) on investments		49.3			(367.0	)	(152.2	)	(65.4	)	(40.7	)	(20.2	)	(52.6	)	(648.8	)	(161.5	)	(14.4	)	163.5			(661.2	)

Six months ended June 30, 2016

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit		FairfaxAsia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Equity and equity-related holdings		(41.3	)		(139.7	)	(32.9	)	(77.8	)	(53.2	)	(10.1	)	(29.6	)	(384.6	)	(126.2	)	6.2		(39.3	)		(543.9	)
Equity hedges		(61.5	)		(95.9	)	(16.2	)	(29.1	)	(8.2	)	—		(14.8	)	(225.7	)	(39.9	)	—		(47.7	)		(313.3	)
Bonds		95.1			271.2		208.3		73.0		219.4		0.8		45.5		913.3		153.8		2.8		2.7			1,072.6
Common stocks - Other funds		—			—		—		—		1.4		—		—		1.4		—		1.1		—			2.5
Preferred stocks		(0.3	)		—		—		—		—		(0.2	)	—		(0.5	)	—		—		—			(0.5	)
CPI-linked derivatives		(6.8	)		(20.1	)	(6.2	)	(3.8	)	(6.3	)	—		(1.9	)	(45.1	)	(3.9	)	—		(7.7	)		(56.7	)
Foreign currency		(50.8	)		23.5		(7.2	)	(5.0	)	24.2		(13.5	)	(6.9	)	(35.7	)	(4.7	)	(5.8	)	(28.7	)		(74.9	)
Other		(0.4	)		(8.3	)	0.5		0.1		0.2		(0.1	)	0.1		(7.9	)	(0.1	)	—		(8.2	)		(16.2	)
Net gains (losses) on investments		(66.0	)		30.7		146.3		(42.6	)	177.5		(23.1	)	(7.6	)	215.2		(21.0	)	4.3		(128.9	)		69.6

Six months ended June 30, 2015

		Insurance and Reinsurance
	Northbridge			OdysseyRe			Crum & Forster		Zenith National		Brit(1)		Fairfax Asia		Other		Ongoing operations		Runoff		Other		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Equity and equity-related holdings(2)		81.1			(116.7	)	(17.3	)	(14.4	)	—		(6.8	)	(20.3	)	(94.4	)	(3.5	)	6.5		287.0			195.6
Equity hedges		7.5			(73.8	)	(34.6	)	(17.6	)	—		—		(15.6	)	(134.1	)	(20.1	)	—		(24.2	)		(178.4	)
Bonds		(38.3	)		(208.4	)	(85.6	)	(35.5	)	(14.8	)	(1.3	)	(21.9	)	(405.8	)	(99.8	)	(13.3	)	2.8			(516.1	)
Common stock - Other funds		—			—		—		—		(23.8	)	—		—		(23.8	)	—		(1.5	)	—			(25.3	)
Preferred stocks		2.6			2.2		1.1		—		—		(0.2	)	(0.3	)	5.4		0.2		—		8.0			13.6
CPI-linked derivatives		0.1			7.1		3.4		1.7		—		—		6.1		18.4		(3.5	)	—		8.0			22.9
Foreign currency		42.1			(19.7	)	(0.3	)	6.6		(2.0	)	(2.1	)	12.4		37.0		(6.6	)	1.5		(30.8	)		1.1
Other		(0.3	)		2.1		0.1		0.5		(0.1	)	—		—		2.3		—		0.4		(0.8	)		1.9
Net gains (losses) on investments		94.8			(407.2	)	(133.2	)	(58.7	)	(40.7	)	(10.4	)	(39.6	)	(595.0	)	(133.3	)	(6.4	)	250.0			(484.7	)

(1) Brit is included in the company's financial reporting with effect from June 5, 2015.

(2) Included net realized gains on disposition of the company's investment in Ridley of $106.3 at Northbridge and $130.1 at Corporate and Other.

40

Components of Net Earnings

Underwriting and Operating Income

Set out and discussed below are the underwriting and operating results of Fairfax's insurance and reinsurance operations, Runoff and Other reporting segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

Northbridge

	Cdn$				Cdn$
	Second quarter				First six months				Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015		2016		2015
Underwriting profit	—		15.2		4.0		23.1		—		12.3		2.9		18.7
Loss & LAE - accident year	81.2	%	69.0	%	72.5	%	66.6	%	81.2	%	69.0	%	72.5	%	66.6	%
Commissions	16.9	%	16.1	%	16.8	%	15.6	%	16.9	%	16.1	%	16.8	%	15.6	%
Underwriting expenses	18.7	%	18.4	%	18.6	%	17.8	%	18.7	%	18.4	%	18.6	%	17.8	%
Combined ratio - accident year	116.8	%	103.5	%	107.9	%	100.0	%	116.8	%	103.5	%	107.9	%	100.0	%
Net favourable development	(16.8	)%	(9.0	)%	(8.6	)%	(4.3	)%	(16.8	)%	(9.0	)%	(8.6	)%	(4.3	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	100.0	%	94.5	%	99.3	%	95.7	%	100.0	%	94.5	%	99.3	%	95.7	%
Gross premiums written	394.8		365.8		667.5		691.7		303.9		297.4		502.8		560.0
Net premiums written	366.8		341.5		615.0		566.5		282.2		277.4		463.2		458.7
Net premiums earned	292.1		276.6		578.9		540.8		226.9		225.0		436.1		437.8
Underwriting profit	—		15.2		4.0		23.1		—		12.3		2.9		18.7
Interest and dividends	24.3		16.8		40.2		29.3		18.7		13.8		30.3		23.8
Operating income	24.3		32.0		44.2		52.4		18.7		26.1		33.2		42.5

The average U.S. dollar foreign exchange rate (relative to the Canadian dollar) strengthened by 7.0% in the first six months of 2016 compared to the first six months of 2015. To avoid the distortion caused by foreign currency translation, the table above presents Northbridge's underwriting and operating results in both U.S. dollars and Canadian dollars (Northbridge's functional currency). The discussion which follows makes reference to those Canadian dollar figures unless indicated otherwise.

In the first six months of 2015 Northbridge assumed gross premiums written of Cdn$70.6 ($56.6) and gross losses on claims of Cdn$66.5 ($53.3) in connection with the "AXA Canada reinsurance transaction" as described in the Components of Net Earnings section of this MD&A under the heading Runoff. Northbridge fully retroceded these amounts to Runoff and received a commission of Cdn$1.7 ($1.4) from Runoff for fronting this transaction.

Northbridge reported underwriting profits of Cdn$nil and Cdn$4.0 and combined ratios of 100.0% and 99.3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to underwriting profits of Cdn$15.2 and Cdn$23.1 and combined ratios of 94.5% and 95.7% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 respectively. The year-over-year decrease in underwriting profit principally reflected the impact of increased current period catastrophe losses and a deterioration in non-catastrophe loss experience related to the current accident year (increased frequency of large losses), partially offset by increased net favourable prior year reserve development.

Net favourable prior year reserve development of Cdn$50.6 ($38.1) and Cdn$49.6 ($37.4) (16.8 and 8.6 combined ratio points) in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 reflected better than expected emergence in respect of accident years 2013 and prior on casualty lines of business. Net favourable prior year reserve development of Cdn$24.9 ($20.1) and Cdn$23.3 ($18.9) (9.0 and 4.3 combined ratio points) in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 reflected better than expected emergence in respect of accident years 2010 and prior across most lines of business, partially offset by net adverse development related to Northbridge's mandatory participation in the industry-wide Facility Association (the Canadian market mechanism that provides automobile insurance to drivers that are unable to obtain automobile insurance through the voluntary insurance market). The underwriting results in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 included Cdn$27.8 ($21.0) and Cdn$27.9 ($21.0) (9.3 and 4.8 combined ratio points) of current period catastrophe losses, principally comprised of the impact of the Fort McMurray wildfires. The Fort McMurray wildfires resulted in net incurred losses of Cdn$27.7 ($20.9) and added 9.2 and 4.8 combined ratio points (net of reinstatement premiums) to the combined ratios in each of the second quarter and first six months of 2016. Current period catastrophe losses were nominal in the second quarter and first six months of 2015.

Northbridge's commission expense ratio increased from 15.6% in the first six months of 2015 to 16.8% in the first six months of 2016 primarily as a result of commission expense adjustments in the first quarter of 2016, and the impact of non-recurring commission revenue earned in the first quarter of 2015 related to the AXA Canada reinsurance transaction described earlier in this section. Northbridge's underwriting expense ratio increased from 17.8% in the first six months of 2015 to 18.6% in the first six months of 2016 primarily as a result of the impact of a favourable ruling from taxation authorities in the first quarter of 2015 that resulted in the release of a provision related to harmonized sales tax on premiums ceded to foreign affiliated reinsurers and higher information technology project costs, partially offset by the impact of higher net premiums earned.

41

Excluding the impact of the AXA Canada reinsurance transaction, gross premiums written increased 6.9% from Cdn$369.4 in the second quarter of 2015 to Cdn$394.8 in the second quarter of 2016 (increased 7.5% from Cdn$621.1 in the first six months of 2015 to Cdn$667.5 in the first six months of 2016), primarily due to increased renewals, new business writings, and modest price increases across the group. Net premiums written increased by 7.4% and 8.6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, reflecting many of the same factors which affected gross premiums written and also included the impact of reduced reinsurance costs. Net premiums earned increased by 5.6% and 7.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, consistent with the growth in net premiums written.

Interest and dividends increased from Cdn$16.8 ($13.8) and Cdn$29.3 ($23.8) in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to Cdn$24.3 ($18.7) and Cdn$40.2 ($30.3) in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally reflecting the impact of increased holdings of higher yielding government bonds year-over-year.

Northbridge's cash resources, excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, decreased by Cdn$364.6 ($274.6) in the first six months of 2016 compared to a decrease of Cdn$183.0 ($148.1) in the first six months of 2015. Cash used in operating activities (excluding operating cash flow activity related to securities recorded at FVTPL) of Cdn$2.9 ($2.2) in the first six months of 2016 decreased from cash used in operating activities of Cdn$45.4 ($36.8) in the first six months of 2015, primarily as a result of higher net premium collections and lower income taxes paid.

OdysseyRe⁽¹⁾

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Underwriting profit	29.7		70.6		74.4		128.9
Loss & LAE - accident year	77.5	%	64.9	%	70.5	%	61.3	%
Commissions	19.2	%	19.8	%	20.8	%	20.9	%
Underwriting expenses	10.5	%	8.2	%	11.5	%	9.9	%
Combined ratio - accident year	107.2	%	92.9	%	102.8	%	92.1	%
Net favourable development	(12.8	)%	(4.8	)%	(10.3	)%	(3.5	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	94.4	%	88.1	%	92.5	%	88.6	%
Gross premiums written	744.6		666.2		1,284.2		1,286.9
Net premiums written	631.1		554.0		1,114.6		1,117.4
Net premiums earned	534.4		592.3		995.8		1,130.4
Underwriting profit	29.7		70.6		74.4		128.9
Interest and dividends	54.9		99.0		105.2		148.1
Operating income	84.6		169.6		179.6		277.0

(1) These results differ from those published by Odyssey Re Holdings Corp. primarily due to differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP and purchase accounting adjustments (principally goodwill and intangible assets) recorded by Fairfax related to the privatization of OdysseyRe in 2009.

On June 3, 2015 Hudson Insurance Company (a wholly owned subsidiary of OdysseyRe) completed the acquisition of certain assets of Euclid Managers, LLC ("Euclid"), an underwriting and claims manager for internet, technology, media, manufacturers and other professional liability coverage. The acquisition of Euclid, which produces annual gross premiums written of approximately $15, will ensure that Hudson Insurance has the opportunity to participate on future renewals of this business.

OdysseyRe reported underwriting profits of $29.7 and $74.4 and combined ratios of 94.4% and 92.5% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to underwriting profits of $70.6 and $128.9 and combined ratios of 88.1% and 88.6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 respectively. The decrease in underwriting profit in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally resulted from decreased net premiums earned, lower writings of higher margin property catastrophe business, continued rate pressure and increased current period catastrophe losses, partially offset by increased net favourable prior year reserve development.

OdysseyRe's combined ratio in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 included 12.8 and 10.3 combined ratio points ($68.4 and $102.9) of net favourable prior year reserve development (principally related to property catastrophe loss reserves) compared to 4.8 and 3.5 combined ratio points ($28.5 and $39.7) in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 respectively (principally related to casualty and property catastrophe loss reserves). The combined ratios in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 included 14.1 and 10.2 combined ratio points ($75.3 and $102.0) of current period catastrophe losses principally comprised of flooding in France, the Fort McMurray wildfires and other attritional losses. The Fort McMurray wildfires resulted in net incurred losses of $13.5 and added 2.6 and 1.4 combined ratio points (net of reinstatement premiums) to the combined ratios in each of the second quarter and first six months of 2016. The combined ratios in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 included 5.5 and 4.9 combined ratio points ($32.7 and $55.5) of attritional current period catastrophe losses. OdysseyRe's underwriting expense ratio increased from 8.2% and 9.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to 10.5% and 11.5% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, principally due to the decrease in net premiums earned.

42

Due to the non-renewal on June 1, 2015 of a significant property quota share reinsurance contract covering risks in Florida (following the cedent’s decision to retain all the risk associated with the contract), OdysseyRe returned the remaining unearned premium from this contract to the cedent. Excluding the impact of the non-renewal of this contract, gross premiums written increased by 2.2% in the second quarter of 2016, principally reflecting growth in the crop line of business in the U.S. Insurance division, partially offset by decreases in the Latin America division, and decreased by 1.6% in the first six months of 2016, principally reflecting reduced reinsurance writings partially offset by growth in the U.S. Insurance division. Excluding the impact of the non-renewal of this contract, net premiums written increased by 2.4% in the second quarter of 2016 and decreased by 1.8% in the first six months of 2016, consistent with the changes in gross premiums written, and also reflected the impact of purchases of property catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance at favourable pricing, which will significantly mitigate the impact of small to medium-sized catastrophe events on OdysseyRe's U.S. and international operations. Excluding the impact of the non-renewal of this contract, net premiums earned decreased by 5.4% and 5.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally reflecting the normal lag of net premiums earned relative to net premiums written.

Interest and dividends decreased from $99.0 and $148.1 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $54.9 and $105.2 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally reflecting lower share of profit of associates, partially offset by increased interest income earned on higher yielding fixed income investments owned year-over-year.

OdysseyRe’s cash resources, excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, increased by $2.6 and decreased by $140.8 in the first six months of 2016 and 2015 respectively. Cash provided by operating activities (excluding operating cash flow activity related to securities recorded at FVTPL) was $21.7 in the first six months of 2016 compared to cash used in operating activities of $27.2 in the first six months of 2015. The increase in cash provided by operating activities year-over-year reflected decreased income tax payments and lower net paid losses, partially offset by lower premium volumes in the first six months of 2016. In addition, the non-renewal of the Florida property quota share reinsurance contract reduced operating cash flow in the first six months of 2015.

Crum & Forster

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Underwriting profit	6.1		10.2		16.1		14.8
Loss & LAE - accident year	64.5	%	63.9	%	63.8	%	63.9	%
Commissions	15.4	%	14.5	%	15.5	%	14.4	%
Underwriting expenses	18.7	%	18.8	%	18.8	%	19.6	%
Combined ratio - accident year	98.6	%	97.2	%	98.1	%	97.9	%
Net favourable development	—		—		—		—
Combined ratio - calendar year	98.6	%	97.2	%	98.1	%	97.9	%
Gross premiums written	518.3		469.1		1,010.0		901.9
Net premiums written	449.6		411.5		890.4		789.5
Net premiums earned	434.1		365.9		856.4		701.4
Underwriting profit	6.1		10.2		16.1		14.8
Interest and dividends	18.2		28.4		35.9		42.0
Operating income	24.3		38.6		52.0		56.8

In 2015 Crum & Forster completed the following acquisitions: Travel Insured International, Inc. ("TII" - a leading travel insurance provider that specializes in offering travel insurance protection, acquired on October 8, 2015); Brownyard Programs, Ltd. ("Brownyard" - a specialist in writing and servicing security guard and security services business insurance, acquired on October 30, 2015); and, The Redwoods Group, Inc. (“Redwoods” - a producer of property and casualty packaged insurance business focused on YMCAs, community centers and day camps, acquired on April 10, 2015). These acquisitions, which complement Crum & Forster’s existing footprint in each of these lines of business, produced gross premiums written of $15.3, $4.6 and $9.5 in the second quarter of 2016 ($29.3, $7.3 and $22.1 in the first six months of 2016) respectively.

On October 15, 2015 Crum & Forster commuted a significant aggregate stop loss reinsurance treaty (the "significant commutation"). The commutation reduced each of recoverable from reinsurers and funds withheld payable to reinsurers by $334.0. The significant commutation had no initial effect on the income statement but funds held interest expense (a component of interest and dividends) is expected to be reduced in future periods by approximately $20 annually.

Crum & Forster reported underwriting profits of $6.1 and $16.1 and combined ratios of 98.6% and 98.1% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to underwriting profits of $10.2 and $14.8 and combined ratios of 97.2% and 97.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 respectively. The decrease in underwriting profit in the second quarter of 2016 (a modest increase in underwriting profit in the first six months of 2016) principally reflected the impact of increased current period catastrophe losses, partially offset by improved non-catastrophe property loss experience related to the current accident year.

43

Current period catastrophe losses of $13.9 and $15.9 (3.2 and 1.9 combined ratio points) in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 increased compared to $1.5 and $6.5 (0.4 and 0.9 of a combined ratio point) in the second quarter and first six months of 2015. Current period catastrophe losses in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 were principally attributable to wind and hailstorms in Texas. There was no net prior year reserve development in the second quarters and first six months of 2016 or 2015. The increase in Crum & Forster's commission expense ratio from 14.5%and 14.4% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to 15.4% and 15.5% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 primarily reflected the impact of increased writings of accident and health insurance which incur higher commission rates and reductions in ceding commissions earned on earned premiums ceded to reinsurers as a result of the increase in retentions that occurred in 2015. The decrease in Crum & Forster's underwriting expense ratio from 18.8% and 19.6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to 18.7% and 18.8% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 primarily reflected the impact of increased net premiums earned, partially offset by increased underwriting expenses (principally personnel costs associated with acquisitions and new business initiatives).

Gross premiums written increased by 10.5% and 12.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, principally reflecting growth in Crum & Forster's accident and health line of business and the incremental contributions from TII, Brownyard and Redwoods as described earlier in this section. Net premiums written increased by 9.3% and 12.8% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, consistent with the growth in gross premiums written. The growth in net premiums earned of 18.6% and 22.1% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 reflected the growth in net premiums written during 2015 and 2016.

Interest and dividends decreased from $28.4 and $42.0 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $18.2 and $35.9 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 reflecting lower share of profit of associates, partially offset by increased interest income earned due to the purchase of U.S. treasury bonds during the first quarter of 2016 and lower funds held interest expense related to the significant commutation (described earlier in this section).

Crum & Forster’s cash resources, excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, decreased by $34.2 in the first six months of 2016 compared to a decrease of $18.1 in the first six months of 2015. Cash provided by operating activities (excluding operating cash flow activity related to securities recorded at FVTPL) increased from $45.2 in the first six months of 2015 to $135.5 in the first six months of 2016 primarily as a result of increased cash flow from underwriting.

Zenith National ⁽¹⁾ 

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Underwriting profit	31.8		21.7		62.9		61.6
Loss & LAE - accident year	59.8	%	59.6	%	59.7	%	60.2	%
Commissions	10.2	%	9.8	%	10.1	%	9.9	%
Underwriting expenses	24.2	%	27.0	%	25.4	%	27.0	%
Combined ratio - accident year	94.2	%	96.4	%	95.2	%	97.1	%
Net favourable development	(10.3	)%	(8.0	)%	(11.6	)%	(14.0	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	83.9	%	88.4	%	83.6	%	83.1	%
Gross premiums written	166.3		167.2		497.8		480.9
Net premiums written	163.4		164.4		491.0		474.2
Net premiums earned	197.1		186.7		384.4		365.6
Underwriting profit	31.8		21.7		62.9		61.6
Interest and dividends	5.3		31.6		9.9		38.4
Operating income	37.1		53.3		72.8		100.0

(1) These results differ from those published by Zenith National primarily due to differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, intercompany investment transactions and acquisition accounting adjustments recorded by Fairfax related to the acquisition of Zenith National in 2010.

Zenith National reported underwriting profits of $31.8 and $62.9 and combined ratios of 83.9% and 83.6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to underwriting profits of $21.7 and $61.6 and combined ratios of 88.4% and 83.1% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 respectively. Net premiums earned in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 of $197.1 and $384.4 increased from $186.7 and $365.6 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 primarily as a result of an increase in exposure, partially offset by modest earned price decreases.

The decrease in Zenith National’s combined ratio in the second quarter (a modest increase in the first six months of 2016) principally reflected the impact of net favourable development of prior years' reserves of 10.3 and 11.6 percentage points in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 (reflecting net favourable emergence principally related to accident years 2012 through 2015) compared to 8.0 and 14.0 percentage points in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 (reflecting net favourable emergence principally related to accident years 2012 through 2014). The estimated accident year loss and LAE ratio in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 was comparable to the estimated accident year loss and LAE ratio in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 and reflected favourable loss development trends for accident year 2015 emerging in 2016, partially offset by modest earned price decreases and estimated loss trends for accident year 2016. The underwriting expense ratio decreased from 27.0% and

44

27.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to 24.2% and 25.4% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, primarily reflecting the effect of increased net premiums earned and a modest decrease in underwriting expenses.

Interest and dividends decreased from $31.6 and $38.4 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $5.3 and $9.9 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 reflecting lower share of profit of associates, partially offset by increased interest income earned on higher yielding fixed income investments owned year-over-year.

At June 30, 2016 Zenith National had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $40.4. Cash provided by operating activities (excluding operating cash flow activity related to securities recorded at FVTPL) increased from $26.2 in the first six months of 2015 to $38.7 in the first six months of 2016, primarily as a result of increased net premiums collected and interest income received on bonds.

Brit⁽¹⁾ 

	Second quarter		For the period June 5, 2015 to June 30, 2015		First six months
	2016		2015		2016
Underwriting profit	0.4		5.1			14.1
Loss & LAE - accident year	69.8	%	56.7	%		64.3	%
Commissions	22.1	%	26.5	%		21.5	%
Underwriting expenses	14.4	%	12.7	%		15.4	%
Combined ratio - accident year	106.3	%	95.9	%		101.2	%
Net favourable development	(6.4	)%	—			(3.2	)
Combined ratio - calendar year	99.9	%	95.9	%		98.0	%
Gross premiums written	520.1		185.2			1,030.6
Net premiums written	352.3		151.2			757.6
Net premiums earned	348.9		125.7			691.5
Underwriting profit	0.4		5.1			14.1
Interest and dividends	14.5		1.6			30.6
Operating income	14.9		6.7			44.7

(1) These results differ from those published by Brit primarily due to acquisition accounting adjustments recorded by Fairfax related to the acquisition of Brit on June 5, 2015.

On June 5, 2015 the company acquired 97.0% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Brit and acquired the remaining 3.0% by July 8, 2015. On June 29, 2015 the company sold 29.9% of Brit to Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System ("OMERS"), the pension plan manager for government employees in the province of Ontario. The company will have the ability to repurchase the shares owned by OMERS over time. Brit is a leading specialty insurer operating globally on the Lloyd's of London platform.

Brit reported underwriting profits of $0.4 and $14.1 and combined ratios of 99.9% and 98.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016. Net favourable prior year reserve development of $22.2 and $22.2 (6.4 and 3.2 combined ratio points) in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 primarily reflected better than expected emergence on casualty and property reinsurance lines of business. The underwriting results in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 included $32.4 and $34.9 (9.3 and 5.0 combined ratio points) of current period catastrophe losses. The Fort McMurray wildfires resulted in net incurred losses of $21.5 and added 6.2 and 3.1 combined ratio points (net of reinstatement premiums) to the combined ratio in each of the second quarter and first six months of 2016. Non-catastrophe underwriting margins related to the current accident year continue to reflect the increased competition, pricing pressures and market conditions that existed prior to the acquisition by Fairfax. Net premiums written of $352.3 and $757.6 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 were impacted by a combination of factors, including underwriting discipline, rate reductions on direct business (energy and property lines of business) and reinsurance business (property treaty and casualty treaty lines of business) and the unfavourable effect of foreign currency translation, partially offset by growth in net premiums written related to underwriting initiatives launched in prior years.

Brit reported underwriting profit of $5.1 and a combined ratio of 95.9% for the period June 5, 2015 to June 30, 2015, reflecting the absence of both net favourable prior year reserve development and current period catastrophe losses. Net premiums written of $151.2 for the period June 5, 2015 to June 30, 2015 were in line with expectations and were impacted by a combination of factors, including rate reductions on direct business (energy and property classes) and reinsurance business (property treaty classes) and the unfavourable effect of foreign currency translation, partially offset by growth in net premiums written related to underwriting initiatives launched in prior years.

45

Fairfax Asia

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Underwriting profit	13.2		8.1		25.0		14.4
Loss & LAE - accident year	83.9	%	82.7	%	82.9	%	80.4	%
Commissions	1.2	%	0.1	%	0.3	%	0.6	%
Underwriting expenses	18.8	%	14.9	%	20.7	%	16.4	%
Combined ratio - accident year	103.9	%	97.7	%	103.9	%	97.4	%
Net favourable development	(20.6	)%	(8.1	)%	(23.2	)%	(7.2	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	83.3	%	89.6	%	80.7	%	90.2	%
Gross premiums written	178.3		156.9		344.7		331.3
Net premiums written	86.8		80.2		151.8		156.1
Net premiums earned	78.7		78.8		129.1		147.1
Underwriting profit	13.2		8.1		25.0		14.4
Interest and dividends	9.9		8.8		24.6		29.4
Operating income	23.1		16.9		49.6		43.8

On March 31, 2016 the company increased its ownership interest in ICICI Lombard to 34.6% by acquiring an additional 9.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of ICICI Lombard from ICICI Bank for $234.1 (15.5 billion Indian rupees). ICICI Lombard is the largest private sector general insurance company in India with gross premiums written of approximately $1 billion for its fiscal year ended March 31, 2015. ICICI Lombard is recorded under the equity method of accounting within the Fairfax Asia reporting segment.

On September 18, 2015 Fairfax Asia acquired a 35.0% ownership interest in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam Insurance Joint Stock Corporation (“BIC”) for purchase consideration of $48.1 (1.1 trillion Vietnamese dong). BIC is a leading property and casualty insurer in Vietnam, producing approximately $70 of annual gross premiums written in 2015 through an exclusive arrangement with its majority shareholder, Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam ("BIDV"), to sell its products through BIDV's distribution network. BIC is recorded under the equity method of accounting within the Fairfax Asia reporting segment.

On March 1, 2015 Pacific Insurance, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, completed the acquisition of the general insurance business of MCIS Insurance Berhad (formerly known as MCIS Zurich Insurance Berhad) ("MCIS") for cash consideration of $13.4 (48.6 million Malaysian ringgits). MCIS is an established general insurer in Malaysia with approximately $55 of annual gross premiums written in its general insurance business. In the first quarter of 2016, Pacific Insurance completed a loss portfolio transfer of certain commercial automobile business (the "Pacific Insurance loss portfolio transfer"). The Pacific Insurance loss portfolio transfer decreased each of net premiums written, net premiums earned and losses on claims by $15.6 with underwriting profit remaining unchanged.

On January 1, 2015 the company completed the acquisition of 78.0% of Union Assurance General Limited ("Union Assurance") for cash consideration of $27.9 (3.7 billion Sri Lankan rupees). Union Assurance, with approximately $43 of annual gross premiums written in 2015, is headquartered in Colombo, Sri Lanka and underwrites general insurance in Sri Lanka, specializing in automobile and personal accident lines of business.

Fairfax Asia reported underwriting profits of $13.2 and $25.0 and combined ratios of 83.3% and 80.7% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to underwriting profits of $8.1 and $14.4 and combined ratios of 89.6% and 90.2% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 respectively. The entities comprising Fairfax Asia produced combined ratios as set out in the following table:

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016			2015
First Capital	65.5	%	78.6	%	62.5	%		76.7	%
Falcon	94.4	%	87.4	%	94.9	%		98.3	%
Pacific Insurance	81.2	%	91.4	%	76.6	%	(1)	95.2	%
Fairfax Indonesia	92.9	%	103.2	%	95.8	%		117.8	%
Union Assurance	101.9	%	119.0	%	99.8	%		110.5	%

(1) Excludes the impact of the Pacific Insurance loss portfolio transfer.

The combined ratios in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 included 20.6 and 23.2 combined ratio points ($16.3 and $30.0) of net favourable prior year reserve development, primarily related to commercial automobile and marine hull loss reserves (the combined ratio in the first six months of 2016 also included net favourable emergence on health loss reserves). The combined ratios in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 included 8.1 and 7.2 combined ratio points ($6.4 and $10.6) of net favourable prior year reserve development, primarily related to commercial automobile and worker's compensation loss reserves (the combined ratio in the first six months of 2015 also included net favourable emergence on property loss reserves).

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Fairfax Asia's underwriting expense ratio increased from 14.9% and 16.4% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to 18.8% and 20.7% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 primarily as a result of the higher expense base at Pacific Insurance subsequent to its merger with MCIS and increased costs associated with business acquisitions (the underwriting expense ratio in the first six months of 2016 also reflected the decrease in net premiums earned resulting from the Pacific Insurance loss portfolio transfer).

Gross premiums written increased by 13.6% in the second quarter of 2016, principally reflecting increased writings at First Capital (primarily in the property and marine hull lines of business). Net premiums written increased by 8.2%in the second quarter of 2016, principally reflecting the increase in gross premiums written, partially offset by increased ceded written premium at Pacific Insurance (principally in commercial automobile, property and marine hull line of business). Net premiums earned decreased by 0.1% in the second quarter of 2016, principally reflecting the normal lag of net premiums earned relative to net premiums written. Gross premiums written increased by 4.0% in the first six months of 2016, principally reflecting the incremental contribution from the acquisition of MCIS in 2015 ($14.2). Excluding the impact of the Pacific Insurance loss portfolio transfer, net premiums written increased by 7.2% in the first six months of 2016, principally reflecting increased retention in First Capital's commercial automobile line of business primarily due to a reduction in cessions to Group Re. Excluding the impact of the Pacific Insurance loss portfolio transfer, net premiums earned decreased by 1.6% in the first six months of 2016, principally reflecting the normal lag of net premiums earned relative to net premiums written.

Insurance and Reinsurance - Other

	Second quarter
	2016
	Group Re		Advent		Polish Re		Fairfax Brasil		Colonnade		Inter-company		Total
Underwriting profit (loss)	5.4		(2.4	)	0.7		(0.2	)	(2.4	)	—		1.1
Loss & LAE - accident year	72.7	%	65.4	%	72.9	%	63.4	%	39.6	%	—		67.8	%
Commissions	23.9	%	22.2	%	17.5	%	12.7	%	31.4	%	—		21.3	%
Underwriting expenses	6.7	%	22.4	%	9.6	%	28.1	%	99.2	%	—		18.5	%
Combined ratio - accident year	103.3	%	110.0	%	100.0	%	104.2	%	170.2	%	—		107.6	%
Net favourable development	(18.8	)%	(4.7	)%	(4.0	)%	(3.1	)%	(1.0	)%	—		(8.6	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	84.5	%	105.3	%	96.0	%	101.1	%	169.2	%	—		99.0	%
Gross premiums written	39.6		60.1		17.7		30.3		5.2		(2.3	)	150.6
Net premiums written	34.5		30.1		17.0		15.4		5.1		—		102.1
Net premiums earned	33.9		44.5		17.4		11.6		3.5		—		110.9
Underwriting profit (loss)	5.4		(2.4	)	0.7		(0.2	)	(2.4	)	—		1.1
Interest and dividends	2.7		2.3		0.5		(0.1	)	0.1		—		5.5
Operating income (loss)	8.1		(0.1	)	1.2		(0.3	)	(2.3	)	—		6.6

	Second quarter
	2015
	Group Re		Advent		Polish Re		Fairfax Brasil		Inter- company		Total
Underwriting profit (loss)	8.0		—		0.9		(0.8	)	—		8.1
Loss & LAE - accident year	65.1	%	69.3	%	51.9	%	72.1	%	—		65.4	%
Commissions	28.4	%	22.9	%	20.8	%	13.1	%	—		23.9	%
Underwriting expenses	5.2	%	25.1	%	17.1	%	26.8	%	—		16.1	%
Combined ratio - accident year	98.7	%	117.3	%	89.8	%	112.0	%	—		105.4	%
Net (favourable) adverse development	(17.5	)%	(17.4	)%	4.3	%	(3.5	)%	—		(13.1	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	81.2	%	99.9	%	94.1	%	108.5	%	—		92.3	%
Gross premiums written	50.9		53.3		16.6		31.7		(5.0	)	147.5
Net premiums written	48.8		42.8		13.5		13.0		—		118.1
Net premiums earned	42.1		37.8		14.7		9.5		—		104.1
Underwriting profit (loss)	8.0		—		0.9		(0.8	)	—		8.1
Interest and dividends	3.1		1.9		0.6		(0.4	)	—		5.2
Operating income (loss)	11.1		1.9		1.5		(1.2	)	—		13.3

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	First six months
	2016
	Group Re		Advent		Polish Re		Fairfax Brasil		Colonnade		Inter-company		Total
Underwriting profit (loss)	14.2		(2.2	)	1.5		(0.8	)	(4.1	)	—		8.6
Loss & LAE - accident year	66.4	%	66.1	%	67.7	%	70.2	%	51.7	%	—		66.5	%
Commissions	26.8	%	22.6	%	15.1	%	12.0	%	28.9	%	—		21.9	%
Underwriting expenses	7.0	%	21.4	%	14.2	%	28.7	%	100.0	%	—		18.5	%
Combined ratio - accident year	100.2	%	110.1	%	97.0	%	110.9	%	180.6	%	—		106.9	%
Net favourable development	(20.7	)%	(7.5	)%	(1.9	)%	(7.5	)%	(6.9	)%	—		(10.9	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	79.5	%	102.6	%	95.1	%	103.4	%	173.7	%	—		96.0	%
Gross premiums written	79.6		116.1		49.2		54.6		7.9		(5.0	)	302.4
Net premiums written	71.7		79.5		43.8		27.0		7.0		—		229.0
Net premiums earned	68.9		86.0		30.9		22.5		5.6		—		213.9
Underwriting profit (loss)	14.2		(2.2	)	1.5		(0.8	)	(4.1	)	—		8.6
Interest and dividends	6.7		5.3		0.9		2.4		0.2		—		15.5
Operating income (loss)	20.9		3.1		2.4		1.6		(3.9	)	—		24.1

	First six months
	2015
	Group Re		Advent		Polish Re		Fairfax Brasil		Inter- company		Total
Underwriting profit (loss)	21.1		0.1		0.4		(2.2	)	—		19.4
Loss & LAE - accident year	66.1	%	67.8	%	76.3	%	72.1	%	—		69.4	%
Commissions	28.0	%	21.4	%	10.7	%	11.2	%	—		20.7	%
Underwriting expenses	4.4	%	26.1	%	11.9	%	28.4	%	—		14.9	%
Combined ratio - accident year	98.5	%	115.3	%	98.9	%	111.7	%	—		105.0	%
Net (favourable) adverse development	(22.1	)%	(15.4	)%	0.3	%	(1.3	)%	—		(13.3	)%
Combined ratio - calendar year	76.4	%	99.9	%	99.2	%	110.4	%	—		91.7	%
Gross premiums written	111.9		116.7		83.7		66.1		(13.9	)	364.5
Net premiums written	107.7		84.6		74.8		25.7		—		292.8
Net premiums earned	89.2		73.1		49.9		21.4		—		233.6
Underwriting profit (loss)	21.1		0.1		0.4		(2.2	)	—		19.4
Interest and dividends	7.3		4.3		1.2		1.6		—		14.4
Operating income (loss)	28.4		4.4		1.6		(0.6	)	—		33.8

On December 16, 2014 the company entered into an agreement with QBE Insurance (Europe) Limited ("QBE") to acquire QBE's insurance operations in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia (the "QBE insurance operations"). A new Luxembourg insurer, Colonnade Insurance S.A. (“Colonnade”), was licensed in July 2015 and branches of Colonnade were established in each of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia during the fourth quarter of 2015. The business and renewal rights of QBE's Hungarian, Czech and Slovakian insurance operations were transferred to Colonnade on February 1, 2016, April 1, 2016 and May 2, 2016 respectively. Colonnade in the table above also includes the results of QBE's non-life operations in Ukraine (now known as "Colonnade Ukraine") which were acquired by the company during the fourth quarter of 2015.

Prior to the formal closing of the transaction to acquire the QBE insurance operations, Polish Re entered into a two-part 100% quota share reinsurance transaction with QBE (the "QBE reinsurance transactions") to: (i) reinsure the runoff of the QBE insurance operations in respect of any business written up to December 31, 2014 (the "QBE loss portfolio transfer"); and, (ii) reinsure any business written by the QBE insurance operations on or after January 1, 2015 (the "QBE quota share transaction"). The QBE reinsurance transactions increased Polish Re's gross premiums written, net premiums written and net premiums earned by $4.4, $4.2 and $4.9 in the second quarter of 2016 (increased Polish Re's gross premiums written, net premiums written and net premiums earned by $9.3, $8.0 and $8.6 in the second quarter of 2015) respectively. The QBE reinsurance transactions increased Polish Re's gross premiums written, net premiums written and net premiums earned by $21.0, $17.1 and $11.7 in the first six months of 2016 (increased Polish Re's gross premiums written, net premiums written and net premiums earned by $62.7, $58.6 and $37.9 in the first six months of 2015) respectively.

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The Insurance and Reinsurance – Other segment produced underwriting profits of $1.1 and $8.6 and combined ratios of 99.0% and 96.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 compared to underwriting profits of $8.1 and $19.4 and combined ratios of 92.3% and 91.7% in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 respectively. The decrease in underwriting profit in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 principally reflected increased current period catastrophe losses and lower net favourable prior year reserve development, partially offset by improved non-catastrophe loss experience related to the current accident year.

The underwriting results in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 included net favourable prior year reserve development of 8.6 and 10.9 combined ratio points ($9.6 and $23.4), primarily reflecting net favourable development at Group Re (property and liability loss reserves) and Advent (property and casualty reinsurance loss reserves). The underwriting results in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 included net favourable prior year reserve development of 13.1 and 13.3 combined ratio points ($13.7 and $31.1), primarily reflecting net favourable development at Group Re (principally related to net favourable emergence on the runoff of the intercompany quota share reinsurance contract with Northbridge and prior years' catastrophe loss reserves) and Advent (property reinsurance and insurance and energy loss reserves). The underwriting results in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 included 13.9 and 7.2 combined ratio points ($15.4 and $15.4) of current period catastrophe losses (net of reinstatement premiums). The Fort McMurray wildfires resulted in net incurred losses of $6.7 and added 6.1 and 3.1 combined ratio points (net of reinstatement premiums) to the combined ratios in the second quarter and first six months of 2016. The underwriting results in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 included 1.7 and 0.7 combined ratio points ($1.7 and $1.7) of current period catastrophe losses, principally comprised of an aggregation of smaller catastrophe losses at Advent.

Gross premiums written increased by 2.1% in the second quarter of 2016, principally reflecting increases at Advent (principally in its accident and health line of business) and Colonnade, partially offset by decreases at Group Re (primarily reflecting the non-renewal in 2016 of an intercompany property quota share agreement with Brit). Net premiums written decreased by 13.5% in the second quarter of 2016 reflecting a decrease in risk retention at Advent, partially offset by the same factors which caused the increase in gross premiums written. Net premiums earned increased by 6.5% in the second quarter of 2016 principally reflecting the normal lag of net premiums earned relative to net premiums written.

The explanations which follow in this paragraph exclude the impacts of the QBE reinsurance transactions in the first six months of 2016 and 2015. Gross premiums written decreased by 6.8% in the first six months of 2016, principally reflecting decreases at Group Re (primarily related to the non-renewal in 2016 of an intercompany property quota share agreement with Brit and the cancellation in the fourth quarter of 2015 of a commercial automobile business quota share reinsurance agreement between Group Re and Fairfax Asia (First Capital) which incepted on January 1, 2015) and Fairfax Brasil (primarily the unfavourable impact of foreign currency translation). Net premiums written decreased by 9.5% in the first six months of 2016, principally reflecting a decrease in risk retention at Advent, partially offset by the same factors which caused the increase in gross premiums written. Net premiums earned increased by 3.3% in the first six months of 2016 principally reflecting the normal lag of net premiums earned relative to net premiums written.

Runoff

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Gross premiums written	72.3		(2.5	)	72.5		146.7
Net premiums written	70.7		(2.5	)	70.9		146.5
Net premiums earned	70.7		(2.5	)	70.9		146.5
Losses on claims	(61.6	)	16.5		(59.1	)	(134.5	)
Operating expenses	(28.9	)	(32.1	)	(54.5	)	(64.2	)
Interest and dividends	18.7		43.5		26.6		64.5
Operating profit (loss)	(1.1	)	25.4		(16.1	)	12.3

On April 1, 2016 US Runoff agreed to reinsure a portfolio of business comprised of construction defect exposures in various western U.S. states relating to accident years 2008 to 2013 (the "second quarter 2016 construction defect transaction"). US Runoff received a cash premium of $71.5 as consideration for the assumption of $70.5 of net loss reserves. US Runoff also paid a commission of $1.0 to a third party for facilitating the transaction.

On March 9, 2015 RiverStone (UK) agreed to reinsure a portfolio of business comprised of APH exposures relating to accident years 1992 and prior (the "first quarter 2015 APH reinsurance transaction"). RiverStone (UK) received a premium of $89.0 which was comprised of cash ($69.9) and a receivable ($19.1) as consideration for the assumption of $89.0 of net loss reserves. The net loss reserves underlying this transaction are expected to be formally transferred to RiverStone (UK) by the end of 2016 by way of a Part VII transfer pursuant to the U.K. Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 at which time the consideration receivable will be fully collected.

On February 18, 2015 US Runoff agreed to reinsure two Canadian branches of AXA which were already in runoff (the "AXA Canada reinsurance transaction"). The business reinsured was primarily comprised of assumed reinsurance of commercial automobile, general liability, marine and property exposures relating to accident years 2007 and prior. Northbridge participated by fronting this reinsurance arrangement on behalf of US Runoff, receiving a cash premium of $56.6 as consideration for the assumption of $53.3 of net loss reserves. Subsequently, Northbridge fully retroceded those amounts to US Runoff and received a commission of $1.4 for facilitating the transaction.

49

Runoff reported an operating loss of $1.1 in the second quarter of 2016 compared to an operating profit of $25.4 in the second quarter of 2015. Net premiums earned of $70.7 and losses on claims of $61.6 principally reflected the impact of the second quarter 2016 construction defect transaction. Losses on claims in the second quarter of 2016 also included net favourable development in European Runoff of $9.0. Net premiums earned in the second quarter of 2015 of $2.5 principally reflected the return of a portion of the premium related to the AXA Canada reinsurance transaction. Recovery on claims of $16.5 in the second quarter of 2015 primarily reflected net favourable development in European Runoff and a favourable adjustment of $3.2 to the net loss reserves assumed in connection with the AXA Canada reinsurance transaction.

Runoff reported an operating loss of $16.1 in the first six months of 2016 compared to operating profit of $12.3 in the first six months of 2015. Net premiums earned of $70.9 and losses on claims of $59.1 in the first six months of 2016 principally reflected the impact of the second quarter 2016 construction defect transaction. Losses on claims in the first six months of 2016 also included net favourable development in European Runoff of $9.4. Net premiums earned of $146.5 and losses on claims of $134.5 the first six months of 2015 principally reflected the impacts of the AXA Canada and first quarter APH reinsurance transactions. Losses on claims in the first six months of 2015 also included net favourable development in European Runoff and a favorable adjustment of $3.2 to the net loss reserves assumed in connection with the AXA Canada reinsurance transaction.

Operating expenses decreased from $32.1 and $64.2 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $28.9 and $54.5 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, principally as a result of a change in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 in the manner for determining unallocated loss adjustment expense ("ULAE") (a greater proportion of operating expenses are now allocated to ULAE, a component of losses on claims, to better reflect the economics of the claims settlement process), partially offset by non-recurring operating expenses related to the second quarter 2016 construction defect transaction.

Interest and dividends decreased from $43.5 and $64.5 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $18.7 and $26.6 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, primarily reflecting decreased share of profit of associates and lower interest income earned on municipal bond investments.

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Other    

	Second quarter
	2016
	Restaurants and retail(1)		Fairfax India(2)		Thomas Cook India(3)		Other(4)		Total
Revenue	207.0		44.0		207.4		41.3		499.7
Expenses	(190.7	)	(42.7	)	(192.2	)	(39.4	)	(465.0	)
Pre-tax income before interest and other	16.3		1.3		15.2		1.9		34.7
Interest and dividends	1.7		5.5		—		—		7.2
Net gains (losses) on investments	(0.6	)	4.7		1.2		—		5.3
Pre-tax income before interest expense	17.4		11.5		16.4		1.9		47.2

	Second quarter
	2015
	Restaurants and retail(1)		Fairfax India(2)		Thomas Cook India(3)		Other(4)		Total
Revenue	195.5		—		158.0		136.7		490.2
Expenses	(183.3	)	(0.5	)	(148.6	)	(133.4	)	(465.8	)
Pre-tax income (losses) before interest and other	12.2		(0.5	)	9.4		3.3		24.4
Interest and dividends	1.8		12.0		—		0.4		14.2
Net gains (losses) on investments	(1.9	)	(12.6	)	0.1		—		(14.4	)
Pre-tax income (losses) before interest expense	12.1		(1.1	)	9.5		3.7		24.2

	First six months
	2016
	Restaurants and retail(1)		Fairfax India(2)		Thomas Cook India(3)		Other(4)		Total
Revenue	397.5		52.1		384.9		72.2		906.7
Expenses	(369.1	)	(51.5	)	(377.1	)	(69.3	)	(867.0	)
Pre-tax income before interest and other	28.4		0.6		7.8		2.9		39.7
Interest and dividends	3.5		11.0		—		—		14.5
Net gains on investments	1.5		2.4		0.4		—		4.3
Pre-tax income before interest expense	33.4		14.0		8.2		2.9		58.5

	First six months
	2015
	Restaurants and retail(1)		Fairfax India(2)		Thomas Cook India(3)		Other(4)		Total
Revenue	331.2		—		304.7		308.6		944.5
Expenses	(323.8	)	(0.8	)	(293.3	)	(290.4	)	(908.3	)
Pre-tax income (loss) before interest and other	7.4		(0.8	)	11.4		18.2		36.2
Interest and dividends	3.7		15.7		—		1.7		21.1
Net gains (losses) on investments	6.5		(13.3	)	0.4		—		(6.4	)
Pre-tax income before interest expense	17.6		1.6		11.8		19.9		50.9

(1) Comprised primarily of Cara (acquired April 10, 2015), The Keg, Praktiker, William Ashley and Sporting Life.

(2) Comprised of Fairfax India (since its initial public offering on January 30, 2015) and its subsidiary NCML (acquired August 19, 2015). These results differ from those published by Fairfax India primarily due to Fairfax India's application of investment entity accounting under IFRS.

(3) Comprised of Thomas Cook India and its subsidiaries Quess and Sterling Resorts. These results differ from those published by Thomas Cook India primarily due to differences between IFRS and Indian GAAP, and acquisition accounting adjustments.

(4) Comprised primarily of Ridley (sold on June 18, 2015), Pethealth and Boat Rocker (acquired on July 17, 2015).

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On February 8, 2016 Fairfax India acquired a 44.9% interest in Adi Finechem Limited ("Adi") for $19.5 (1.3 billion Indian rupees). Adi is a specialty chemical manufacturer in India that manufactures oleo chemicals used in the paints, inks and adhesives industries, as well as intermediate nutraceutical and health products. Fairfax India's investment in Adi is reported under the equity method of accounting.

On November 9, 2015 and December 16, 2015 Thomas Cook India acquired 100% interests in Kuoni Travel (China) Limited ("Kuoni Hong Kong") and Kuoni Travel (India) Pvt. Ltd. ("Kuoni India") for consideration of $32.3 (250.0 million Hong Kong dollars) and $47.9 (3.2 billion Indian rupees) respectively. Kuoni Hong Kong and Kuoni India are travel and travel-related companies in Hong Kong and India, offering a broad range of services that include corporate and leisure travel.

The year-over-year increases in the revenues and expenses of Restaurants and retail in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 primarily reflected the consolidation of Cara from April 10, 2015, while the year-over-year decreases in Other reflected the sale of Ridley on June 18, 2015, partially offset by the impact of the consolidation of Boat Rocker from July 17, 2015. Thomas Cook India's pre-tax income before interest expense decreased year-over-year in the first six months of 2016 principally due to bad debt provisions and fixed asset impairments at Sterling Resorts while the year-over-year increase in the second quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the consolidation of Kuoni Hong Kong and Kuoni India.

Investments

Interest and Dividends

Consolidated interest and dividend income increased from $147.1 and $261.3 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $161.2 and $314.0 in the second quarter of 2016, reflecting higher interest income earned, principally due to increased holdings of higher yielding government bonds and the impact of consolidating Brit's portfolio investments, partially offset by the sales of U.S. state and municipal bonds. Total return swap expense decreased from $19.6 and $63.0 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $16.2 and $52.8 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 primarily reflecting lower interest expense paid on the notional amount of certain short equity index total return swaps and a decrease in dividends paid on certain short individual equity total return swaps that were closed in 2015.

Share of profit of associates decreased from $116.9 and $147.7 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $15.2 and $25.1 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 primarily reflecting the company's lower share of profit of its investments in KWF LPs (a Kennedy Wilson real estate partnership recognized a significant gain on disposition of its investment properties in the second quarter of 2015) and Thai Re (Thai Re recognized a gain on the partial disposition of its life insurance subsidiary in the second quarter of 2015).

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Net Gains (Losses) on Investments

Net gains (losses) on investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were comprised as follows:

		Second quarter
		2016									2015
	Net realized gains (losses)			Net change in unrealized gains (losses)			Net gains(losses) oninvestments			Net realized gains (losses)				Net change in unrealized gains (losses)				Net gains (losses) on investments
Common stocks		23.9			(193.0	)		(169.1	)		11.3				(158.7	)			(147.4	)
Preferred stocks - convertible		—			(6.8	)		(6.8	)		124.4		(5)		(131.0	)	(5)		(6.6	)
Bonds - convertible		—			(34.5	)		(34.5	)		1.4				16.1				17.5
Gain on disposition of associates and subsidiary(2)		—			—			—			235.7				—				235.7
Other equity derivatives(3)(4)		—			2.1			2.1			209.1		(6)		(212.2	)	(6)		(3.1	)
Equity and equity-related holdings		23.9			(232.2	)		(208.3	)		581.9				(485.8	)			96.1
Equity hedges(3)		(41.8	)		(163.1	)		(204.9	)		4.0				(12.8	)			(8.8	)
Equity and equity-related holdings after equity hedges		(17.9	)		(395.3	)		(413.2	)		585.9				(498.6	)			87.3
Bonds		303.0			336.9			639.9			20.0				(677.2	)			(657.2	)
Common stocks - Other funds		(1.4	)		2.0			0.6			—				(25.3	)			(25.3	)
Preferred stocks		(0.6	)		0.8			0.2			12.4				(13.1	)			(0.7	)
CPI-linked derivatives		—			(2.1	)		(2.1	)		—				(52.3	)			(52.3	)
Other derivatives		(36.8	)		23.5			(13.3	)		(8.2	)			9.1				0.9
Foreign currency		26.6			(11.8	)		14.8			4.0				(18.9	)			(14.9	)
Other		0.7			1.6			2.3			1.5				(0.5	)			1.0
Net gains (losses) on investments		273.6			(44.4	)		229.2			615.6				(1,276.8	)			(661.2	)
Net gains (losses) on bonds is comprised as follows:
Government bonds		88.9			317.1			406.0			6.5				(357.6	)			(351.1	)
U.S. states and municipalities		209.3			(17.8	)		191.5			13.2				(281.3	)			(268.1	)
Corporate and other		4.8			37.6			42.4			0.3				(38.3	)			(38.0	)
		303.0			336.9			639.9			20.0				(677.2	)			(657.2	)

		First six months
		2016											2015
	Net realized gains (losses)				Net change in unrealized gains (losses)				Net gains(losses) oninvestments			Net realized gains (losses)				Net change in unrealized gains (losses)				Net gains (losses) on investments
Common stocks		(41.8	)	(1)		(447.6	)	(1)		(489.4	)		306.8				(461.8	)			(155.0	)
Preferred stocks - convertible		—				(10.8	)			(10.8	)		124.4		(5)		(126.4	)	(5)		(2.0	)
Bonds - convertible		—				(58.0	)			(58.0	)		1.4				(67.1	)			(65.7	)
Gain on disposition of associates and subsidiary(2)		—				—				—			235.7				—				235.7
Other equity derivatives(3)(4)		—				14.3				14.3			209.1		(6)		(26.5	)	(6)		182.6
Equity and equity-related holdings		(41.8	)			(502.1	)			(543.9	)		877.4				(681.8	)			195.6
Equity hedges(3)		(10.0	)			(303.3	)			(313.3	)		(54.5	)			(123.9	)			(178.4	)
Equity and equity-related holdings after equity hedges		(51.8	)			(805.4	)			(857.2	)		822.9				(805.7	)			17.2
Bonds		314.2				758.4				1,072.6			100.0				(616.1	)			(516.1	)
Common stocks - Other funds		(13.5	)			16.0				2.5			—				(25.3	)			(25.3	)
Preferred stocks		—				(0.5	)			(0.5	)		12.4				1.2				13.6
CPI-linked derivatives		—				(56.7	)			(56.7	)		—				22.9				22.9
Other derivatives		(52.6	)			35.0				(17.6	)		5.9				(7.2	)			(1.3	)
Foreign currency		(57.8	)			(17.1	)			(74.9	)		93.8				(92.7	)			1.1
Other		0.7				0.7				1.4			4.2				(1.0	)			3.2
Net gains (losses) on investments		139.2				(69.6	)			69.6			1,039.2				(1,523.9	)			(484.7	)
Net gains (losses) on bonds is comprised as follows:
Government bonds		91.2				656.1				747.3			80.6				(326.2	)			(245.6	)
U.S. states and municipalities		219.4				55.5				274.9			18.9				(260.9	)			(242.0	)
Corporate and other		3.6				46.8				50.4			0.5				(29.0	)			(28.5	)
		314.2				758.4				1,072.6			100.0				(616.1	)			(516.1	)

(1) During the first quarter of 2016 the company increased its ownership interest in APR Energy to 49.0% and commenced applying the equity method of accounting, resulting in unrealized losses of $68.1 on APR Energy being reclassified to realized losses with a net impact of nil on the consolidated statement of earnings.

(2) During the second quarter of 2015 the company sold its investment in Ridley and recognized a net realized gain of $236.4.

(3) Other equity derivatives include long equity total return swaps, equity warrants and call options.

(4) Gains and losses on equity and equity index total return swaps that are regularly renewed as part of the company's long term risk management objectives are presented within net change in unrealized gains (losses).

(5) During the second quarter of 2015 the company was required to convert a preferred stock investment into common shares of the issuer, resulting in a net realized gain on investment of $124.4 (the difference between the share price of the underlying common stock at the date of conversion and the exercise price of the

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preferred stock). Prior period unrealized gains on the preferred stock investment of $110.9 and $104.8 were reclassified to net realized gains in the second quarter and first six months of 2015.

(6) On April 10, 2015 the company exchanged its holdings of Cara warrants, class A and class B preferred shares and subordinated debentures for common shares of Cara. Prior period unrealized gains on the Cara warrants of $208.3 and $20.6 were reclassified to net realized gains in the second quarter and first six months of 2015.

Equity and equity-related holdings after equity hedges: At June 30, 2016 equity hedges with a notional amount of $7,321.1 (December 31, 2015 - $5,894.8) represented 115.3% (December 31, 2015 - 88.1%) of the company’s equity and equity-related holdings of $6,351.8 (December 31, 2015 - $6,687.4). The increase in the equity hedge ratio resulted principally from the net addition of $1,068.3 original notional amount to the company's short positions in equity and equity index total return swaps and unrealized losses on both the company's equity and equity-related holdings and equity hedges.

Within the company’s interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, refer to note 7 (Short Sales and Derivatives) for details of the company's equity and equity index total return swaps and equity index put options, and to note 16 (Financial Risk Management, under the heading Market Price Fluctuations) for a tabular analysis followed by a discussion of the company’s hedges of equity price risk and the related basis risk.

Bonds: Net gains on bonds of $639.9 and $1,072.6 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 (primarily comprised of net gains on U.S. treasury bonds ($375.4 and $683.7) and U.S. state and municipal bonds ($191.5 and $274.9)), principally reflected the impact of decreases in interest rates in 2016. The company recorded net losses on bonds of $657.2 and $516.1 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015.

CPI-linked derivatives: The company’s CPI-linked derivative contracts produced net unrealized losses of $2.1 and $56.7 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 (2015 - net unrealized losses of $52.3 and net unrealized gains of $22.9). A detailed analysis is provided in note 7 (Short Sales and Derivatives) under the heading CPI-linked derivative contracts in the company’s interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Interest Expense

Consolidated interest expense increased modestly from $56.8 and $108.3 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $59.7 and $114.9 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, reflecting the issuance on March 22, 2016 of Cdn$400.0 principal amount of 4.50% unsecured senior notes due March 22, 2023, the issuance on March 3, 2015 of Cdn$350.0 principal amount of 4.95% unsecured senior notes due 2025 and the consolidation of the interest expense of Brit and Cara, partially offset by the favourable impact of foreign currency translation on the interest expense of the company's Canadian dollar denominated long term debt and the following repayments upon maturity: $125.0 principal amount of OdysseyRe 6.875% unsecured senior notes on May 1, 2015 and $82.4 principal amount of Fairfax unsecured senior notes on October 1, 2015.

Consolidated interest expense in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 of $59.7 and $114.9 (2015 - $56.8 and $108.3) was primarily attributable to interest expense at the holding company of $47.6 and $91.0 (2015 - $47.3 and $90.9). Interest expense by reporting segment is set out in the Sources of Net Earnings section of this MD&A.

Corporate Overhead and Other

Corporate overhead and other consists of the expenses of all of the group holding companies, net of the company's investment management and administration fees and the interest and dividend income earned on holding company cash and investments.

	Second quarter				First six months
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Fairfax corporate overhead	21.4		44.9		51.2		74.3
Subsidiary holding companies' corporate overhead	4.4		6.8		9.0		11.0
Subsidiary holding companies' non-cash intangible asset amortization(1)	13.3		9.6		26.5		19.6
Holding company interest and dividends	(3.1	)	(0.9	)	(5.1	)	8.7
Investment management and administration fees	(20.4	)	(17.0	)	(40.9	)	(34.4	)
	15.6		43.4		40.7		79.2

(1) Non-cash amortization of intangible assets is principally comprised of customer and broker relationships.

Fairfax corporate overhead decreased from $44.9 and $74.3 in the second quarter and first six months of2015 to $21.4 and $51.2 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, primarily as a result of expenses of $24.2 incurred in 2015 in connection with the acquisition of Brit.

Subsidiary holding companies' corporate overhead decreased nominally from $6.8 and $11.0 in the second quarter and first six months of2015 to $4.4 and $9.0 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016. Subsidiary holding companies' non-cash intangible asset amortization increased from $9.6and$19.6 in the second quarter and first six months of2015 to $13.3 and $26.5 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, principally reflecting amortization related to the acquisition of Brit.

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Holding company interest and dividends included total return swap expense ($4.9 and $10.2 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 and $5.8 and $13.9 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015) and share of profit of associates ($2.9 and $6.8 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 and $4.8 and $3.4 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015).

Investment management and administration fees increased from $17.0 and $34.4 in the second quarter and first six months of 2015 to $20.4 and $40.9 in the second quarter and first six months of 2016, primarily due to incremental investment management fees earned on the investment portfolios of Brit and Fairfax India.

Net gains (losses) on investments attributable to the Corporate and Other reporting segment are set out in the Investments section of this MD&A.

Income Taxes

For details of the provision for income taxes in the second quarters and first six months of 2016 and 2015, refer to note 13 (Income Taxes) to the interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Consolidated Balance Sheet Summary

Holding company cash and investments increased to $1,523.1 ($1,478.2 net of $44.9 of holding company short sale and derivative obligations) at June 30, 2016 from $1,276.5 ($1,275.9 net of $0.6 of holding company short sale and derivative obligations) at December 31, 2015. Significant cash movements at the Fairfax holding company level during the second quarter and first six months of 2016 are as set out in the Financial Condition section of this MD&A under the heading Liquidity.

Insurance contract receivables increased by $723.5 to $3,270.0 at June 30, 2016 from $2,546.5 at December 31, 2015 primarily reflecting the greater proportion of insurance policies and reinsurance contracts that renew in the first quarter of the year.

Portfolio investments comprise investments carried at fair value and equity accounted investments, the aggregate carrying value of which was $28,280.3 ($28,035.9 net of subsidiary short sale and derivative obligations) at June 30, 2016 compared to an aggregate carrying value of $27,832.5 ($27,740.2 net of subsidiary short sale and derivative obligations) at December 31, 2015. The increase of $295.7 generally reflected net unrealized appreciation of bonds and the favourable impact of foreign currency translation (principally the strengthening of the Canadian dollar and euro relative to the U.S. dollar), partially offset by net unrealized depreciation of common stocks, net unrealized losses on derivatives and dividends paid by the operating companies to Fairfax, in addition to the specific factors which caused movements in portfolio investments as discussed in the subsequent paragraphs.

Subsidiary cash and short term investments (including cash and short term investments pledged for short sale and derivative obligations) decreased by $1,524.1 primarily reflecting cash used to fund the net purchases of bonds and the acquisitions of investments in associates, and dividends paid by the operating companies to Fairfax, partially offset by cash inflows in connection with the issuance of subscription receipts by Cara.

Bonds (including bonds pledged for short sale derivative obligations) increased by $3,078.4 primarily reflecting net purchases of bonds (principally purchases of U.S. government bonds, partially offset by sales of U.S. state and municipal bonds), the impact of consolidating U.S. government, corporate and other bonds owned at Brit that had previously been classified as common stocks in other funds and net unrealized appreciation (principally related to U.S. state and municipal bonds and U.S. government bonds).

Common stocks decreased by $1,444.5 primarily reflecting the impact of consolidating U.S. government, corporate and other bonds owned at Brit that had previously been classified as common stocks in other funds and net unrealized depreciation.

Investments in associates increased by $441.9 primarily reflecting the purchase of an additional 9% ownership interest in ICICI Lombard on March 31, 2016, the additional investment in common shares of APR Energy plc on January 5, 2016, the reclassification of Fairfax's pre-existing ownership interest in APR Energy from common stocks to investments in associates subsequent to acquiring significant influence, the acquisition of a 44.9% ownership interest in Adi Finechem Limited on February 8, 2016 and share of profit of associates of $25.1, partially offset by the receipt of dividends and distributions of $63.1 from the non-insurance associates.

Derivatives and other invested assets net of short sale and derivative obligations decreased by $285.8 primarily due to increased payables to counterparties to the company’s short equity and equity index total return swaps (excluding the impact of collateral requirements) and net unrealized losses on CPI-linked derivatives.

Recoverable from reinsurers increased by $314.4 to $4,205.3 at June 30, 2016 from $3,890.9 at December 31, 2015 primarily reflecting an increase in reinsurers' share of unearned premium at Brit (a significant proportion of the reinsurance purchased by Brit occurs in the first half of the year), an increase in catastrophe losses recoverable (principally ceded losses related to the Fort McMurray wildfires at OdysseyRe and Northbridge, and Cyclone Roanu at Union Assurance) and an increase in business volumes and lower risk retention at Pacific Insurance, partially offset by Runoff's continued progress reducing its recoverable from reinsurers (through normal cession and collection activity).

Deferred income taxes increased by $8.6 to $472.5 at June 30, 2016 from $463.9 at December 31, 2015 primarily due to unrealized losses on the company's portfolio investments.

Goodwill and intangible assets increasedby $87.1to $3,302.0 at June 30, 2016 from $3,214.9 at December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of the impact of foreign currency translation (principally the strengthening of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar), partially offset by amortization of intangible assets.

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Other assets increased by $181.9 to $1,953.0 at June 30, 2016 from $1,771.1 at December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of increases in premises and equipment and receivables related to securities sold not yet settled.

Provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses increased by $140.3 to $19,956.7 at June 30, 2016 from $19,816.4 at December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of the impact on loss reserves of the strengthening of the Canadian dollar and Singapore dollar relative to the U.S. dollar (principally at Northbridge and First Capital respectively), the Fort McMurray wildfires (principally at Northbridge, OdysseyRe and Brit), Cyclone Roanu at Union Assurance and increased business volumes at Crum & Forster and Pacific Insurance, partially offset by Runoff's continued progress settling its claim liabilities and favourable prior year reserve development (principally at OdysseyRe, Zenith, Northbridge and Brit).

Non-controlling interests increased by $73.3 to $1,804.8 at June 30, 2016 from $1,731.5 at December 31, 2015 principally as a result of net earnings attributable to the non-controlling interests and the impact of foreign currency translation (primarily related to Cara), partially offset by dividends paid to non-controlling interests (principally the dividend paid by Brit to OMERS). For further details refer to note 11 (Total Equity) to the interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Financial Risk Management

There were no significant changes in the types of the company’s risk exposures or the processes used by the company for managing those risk exposures at June 30, 2016 compared to those identified at December 31, 2015 and disclosed in the company’s 2015 Annual Report other than as outlined in note 16 (Financial Risk Management) to the interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Financial Condition

Capital Management

For a detailed analysis, refer to note 16 (Financial Risk Management) under the heading Capital Management in the company’s interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Liquidity

Holding company cash and investments at June 30, 2016 totaled $1,523.1 ($1,478.2 net of $44.9 of holding company short sale and derivative obligations) compared to $1,276.5 ($1,275.9 net of $0.6 of holding company short sale and derivative obligations) at December 31, 2015.

Significant cash and investment movements at the Fairfax holding company level during the first six months of 2016 included the following significant inflows: net proceeds from the company's underwritten public offerings $523.5 from the issuance of 1.0 million subordinate voting shares and $303.2 from the issuance of Cdn$400.0 principal amount of 4.50% unsecured senior notes due March 22, 2023 (intended to finance the investments in ICICI Lombard, AMAG and Eurolife described in note 6 (Investments in Associates) and note 15 (Acquisitions and Divestitures) in the company’s interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016) and dividends from subsidiaries (primarily OdysseyRe ($100.0) and Crum & Forster ($50.0)). Significant outflows during the first six months of 2016 included the following: the payment of $250.0 of common and preferred share dividends, a capital contribution of $48.0 (Cdn$65.0) to Northbridge's operating subsidiaries, the purchase of an additional 9% ownership interest in ICICI Lombard and net cash paid of $19.6 with respect to the reset provisions of long and short equity and equity index total return swaps (excluding the impact of collateral requirements). The carrying value of holding company cash and investments was also affected by the following: receipt of investment management and administration fees, disbursements for corporate overhead expenses, repurchases of subordinate voting shares for treasury and changes in the fair values of holding company investments.

The company believes that holding company cash and investments, net of holding company short sale and derivative obligations, at June 30, 2016 of $1,478.2 provides adequate liquidity to meet the holding company’s remaining known obligations in 2016. The holding company expects to continue to receive investment management and administration fees from its insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries, investment income on its holdings of cash and investments, and dividends from its insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries. To further augment its liquidity, the holding company can draw upon its $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (for further details of the credit facility, refer to note 15 (Long Term Debt and Credit Facilities) to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015). The holding company's remaining known significant commitments for 2016 consist of payments of interest and corporate overhead expenses, preferred share dividends, income taxes and the investments in Eurolife, AMAG and ZICSA, and potential cash outflows related to derivative contracts (described below).

The holding company may experience cash inflows or outflows (which at times could be significant) related to its derivative contracts, including collateral requirements and cash settlements of market value movements of total return swaps which have occurred since the most recent reset date. During the second quarter and first six months of 2016 the holding company paid net cash of $81.2 and $19.6 (2015 - paid net cash of $20.9 and $57.1) in connection with long and short equity and equity index total return swap derivative contracts (excluding the impact of collateral requirements).

During the first six months of 2016 subsidiary cash and short term investments (including cash and short term investments pledged for short sale and derivative obligations) decreased by $1,524.1 primarily reflecting cash used to fund the net purchases of bonds and the acquisitions of investments in associates, and dividends paid by the operating companies to Fairfax, partially offset by cash inflows in connection with the issuance of subscription receipts by Cara.

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The insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries may experience cash inflows or outflows (which at times could be significant) related to their derivative contracts including collateral requirements and cash settlements of market value movements of total return swaps which have occurred since the most recent reset date. The insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries typically fund any such obligations from cash provided by operating activities. In addition, obligations incurred on short equity and equity index total return swaps may be funded from sales of equity-related investments, the market values of which will generally vary inversely with the market values of the short equity and equity index total return swaps. During the second quarter and first six months of 2016 the insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries paid net cash of $569.2 and $11.3 (2015 - paid net cash of $181.0 and $235.3) in connection with long and short equity and equity index total return swap derivative contracts (excluding the impact of collateral requirements).

Highlights in the first six months of 2016 (with comparisons to the first six months of 2015 except as otherwise noted) of major components of cash flow are presented in the following table:

	First six months
	2016		2015
Operating activities
Cash used in operating activities before the undernoted	(196.7	)	(98.6	)
Net purchases of investments classified as FVTPL	(444.4	)	(254.5	)
Investing activities
Net (purchases) sales of investments in associates	(357.7	)	175.2
Purchases of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired	(11.1	)	(1,265.8	)
Sales of subsidiaries, net of cash divested	—		304.4
Net purchases of premises and equipment and intangible assets	(128.2	)	(57.3	)
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash for purchase of subsidiary	6.5		(7.9	)
Financing activities
Issuance of long term debt - holding company and insurance and reinsurance companies	303.2		275.7
Repayments of long term debt - holding company and insurance and reinsurance companies	(2.7	)	(128.2	)
Issuance of long term debt - non-insurance companies	5.8		—
Repayments of long term debt - non-insurance companies	(9.0	)	(1.5	)
Net borrowings - revolving credit facilities	48.9		28.2
Issuance of subordinate voting shares	523.5		575.9
Issuance of preferred shares	—		179.0
Repurchases of preferred shares	—		(3.4	)
Purchases of subordinate voting shares for treasury	(28.9	)	(56.8	)
Issuance of subsidiary common shares to non-controlling interests	—		725.8
Issuance of Cara subscription receipts	101.3		—
Increase in restricted cash from issuance of Cara subscription receipts	(101.3	)	—
Net sales of subsidiary common shares to non-controlling interests	—		462.4
Common and preferred share dividends paid	(250.0	)	(241.9	)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests	(31.0	)	—
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the year	(571.8	)	610.7

Excluding net purchases of investments classified as FVTPL, cash used in operating activities increased from $98.6 in 2015 to $196.7 in 2016, principally reflecting higher net paid losses and income taxes paid, partially offset by higher net premium collections. Refer to note 19 (Supplementary Cash Flow Information) to the interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 for details of net purchases of investments classified as FVTPL.

Net purchases of investments in associates of $357.7 in 2016 primarily reflected the purchase of an additional 9.0% ownership interest in ICICI Lombard, an investment in APR Energy and Fairfax India's investment in Adi Finechem Limited, partially offset by distributions from the company's non-insurance associates. Net sales of investments in associates of $175.2 in 2015 primarily reflected distributions from the company's non-insurance associates. Purchases of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired of $1,265.8 in 2015 primarily related to the acquisitions of a 97.0% interest in Brit and a 78.0% interest in Union Assurance and the acquisitions of Redwoods and MCIS. Sales of subsidiaries, net of cash divested of $304.4 in 2015 primarily related to the sale of the company's 73.6% interest in Ridley.

Issuance of long term debt - holding company and insurance and reinsurance companies of $303.2 in 2016 reflected net proceeds from the issuance of Cdn$400.0 principal amount of 4.50% unsecured senior notes due March 22, 2023. Issuance of subordinate voting shares of $523.5 in 2016 reflected net proceeds received from the underwritten public offering of 1.0 million subordinate voting shares. In 2015 the company completed three underwritten public offerings: the $575.9 (Cdn$717.1) issuance of 1.15 million subordinate voting shares, the issuance of long term debt of $275.7 (net proceeds from the issuance of Cdn$350.0 principal amount of 4.95% unsecured senior notes due March 3, 2025) and the $179.0 (Cdn$222.9) issuance of 9,200,000 cumulative five-year reset preferred shares, Series M, all of which formed part of the financing for the acquisition of Brit as described in note 23 (Acquisitions and Divestitures) to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. Repayment of long term debt - holding company and insurance and reinsurance companies of $128.2 in 2015 primarily reflected OdysseyRe's repayment of its $125.0 principal amount of 6.875% unsecured senior notes upon maturity. Purchases of subordinate voting shares for treasury in 2016 of $28.9 (2015 - $56.8) related to purchases for the company's share-based payment awards. Issuance of subsidiary common shares to non-controlling interests of $725.8 in

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the 2015 reflected the offerings of Fairfax India's common shares. Issuance of subsidiary subscription receipts to non-controlling interests ($101.3) and increase in restricted cash from issuance of subsidiary receipts to non-controlling interests ($101.3) in 2016 reflected Cara's issuance of subscription receipts to finance its acquisition of St-Hubert, the proceeds of which are held in escrow pending closing of the acquisition. Net sales of subsidiary common shares to non-controlling interests of $462.4 in 2015 primarily reflected the sale of a 29.9% interest in Brit to OMERS. The company paid common and preferred share dividends of $227.8 and $22.2 respectively in 2016 (2015 - $216.1 and $25.8). Dividends paid to non-controlling interests of $31.0 in 2016 primarily reflected the dividend paid by Brit to OMERS.

Book Value Per Share

Common shareholders’ equity at June 30, 2016 was $9,419.1 or $406.07 per basic share (excluding the unrecorded $1,063.5 excess of fair value over the carrying value of investments in associates and certain consolidated subsidiaries) compared to $8,952.5 or $403.01 per basic share (excluding the unrecorded $1,058.9 excess of fair value over the carrying value of investments in associates and certain consolidated subsidiaries) at December 31, 2015 representing an increase per basic share in the first six months of 2016 of 0.8% (an increase of 3.2% adjusted to include the $10.00 per common share dividend paid in the first quarter of 2016). During the first six months of 2016 the number of basic shares increased primarily as a result of the issuance of 1.0 million subordinate voting shares, partially offset by net repurchases of 18,379 subordinate voting shares for treasury (for use in the company’s share-based payment awards). At June 30, 2016 there were 23,195,480 common shares effectively outstanding.

	June 30, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Fair value	Carrying value(1)	Excess of fair value over carrying value		Fair value	Carrying value(1)	Excess of fair value over carrying value
Insurance and reinsurance associates	1,344.7	763.6	581.1		1,126.0	526.4	599.6
Non-insurance associates	1,466.1	1,611.2	(145.1	)	1,280.6	1,406.5	(125.9	)
Cara	460.5	388.6	71.9		439.9	356.2	83.7
Fairfax India	315.0	276.2	38.8		303.0	276.6	26.4
Thomas Cook India	796.0	279.2	516.8		763.1	288.0	475.1
	4,382.3	3,318.8	1,063.5		3,912.6	2,853.7	1,058.9

(1) The carrying values of Cara, Fairfax India and Thomas Cook India represent their respective hypothetical carrying values under the equity method of accounting.

Contingencies and Commitments

For a full description of these matters, see note 14 (Contingencies and Commitments) to the interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Comparative Quarterly Data (unaudited)

	June 30, 2016			March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015			September 30, 2015			June 30, 2015			March 31, 2015			December 31, 2014			September 30, 2014
Revenue		2,907.0			2,186.5				2,447.2			2,976.3		1,769.0				2,387.9			2,073.7			2,654.2
Net earnings (loss)		293.5			(16.7		)		133.1			451.4		(178.6		)		236.1			38.2			475.0
Net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders of Fairfax		238.7			(51.0		)		103.4			424.8		(185.7		)		225.2			23.7			461.2
Net earnings (loss) per share		$	9.81		$	(2.76	)		$	4.19		$	18.57	$	(8.87	)		$	9.92		$	0.50		$	21.10
Net earnings (loss) per diluted share		$	9.58		$	(2.76	)		$	4.10		$	18.16	$	(8.87	)		$	9.71		$	0.49		$	20.68

Operating results at the company’s insurance and reinsurance operations continue to be affected by a difficult competitive environment. Individual quarterly results have been (and may in the future be) affected by losses from significant natural or other catastrophes, by reserve releases and strengthenings and by settlements or commutations, the occurrence of which are not predictable, and have been (and are expected to continue to be) significantly impacted by net gains or losses on investments, the timing of which are not predictable.

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Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained herein may constitute forward-looking statementsand are made pursuant to the “safe harbour” provisions of the United States PrivateSecurities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subjectto known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause theactual results, performance or achievements of Fairfax to be materially differentfrom any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by suchforward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to: a reduction in net earnings if our loss reserves are insufficient; underwriting losses on the risks we insure that are higher or lower than expected; the occurrence of catastrophic events with a frequency or severity exceeding our estimates; changes in market variables, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices and credit spreads, which could negatively affect our investment portfolio; the cycles of the insurance market and general economic conditions, which can substantially influence our and our competitors' premium rates and capacity to write new business; insufficient reserves for asbestos, environmental and other latent claims; exposure to credit risk in the event our reinsurers fail to make payments to us under our reinsurance arrangements; exposure to credit risk in the event our insureds, insurance producers or reinsurance intermediaries fail to remit premiums that are owed to us or failure by our insureds to reimburse us for deductibles that are paid by us on their behalf; the timing of claims payments being sooner or the receipt of reinsurance recoverables being later than anticipated by us; the inability of our subsidiaries to maintain financial or claims paying ability ratings; risks associated with implementing our business strategies; risks associated with our use of derivative instruments; the failure of our hedging methods to achieve their desired risk management objective; a decrease in the level of demand for insurance or reinsurance products, or increased competition in the insurance industry; the impact of emerging claim and coverage issues; the failure of any of the loss limitation methods we employ; our inability to access cash of our subsidiaries; our inability to obtain required levels of capital on favourable terms, if at all; the loss of key employees; our inability to obtain reinsurance coverage in sufficient amounts, at reasonable prices or on terms that adequately protect us; the passage of legislation subjecting our businesses to additional supervision or regulation, including additional tax regulation, in the United States, Canada or other jurisdictions in which we operate; risks associated with government investigations of, and litigation and negative publicity related to, insurance industry practice or any other conduct; risks associated with political and other developments in foreign jurisdictions in which we operate; risks associated with legal or regulatory proceedings; failures or security breaches of our computer and data processing systems; the influence exercisable by our significant shareholder; adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; our dependence on independent brokers over whom we exercise little control; an impairment in the carrying value of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets; our failure to realize deferred income tax assets; technological or other change which adversely impacts demand, or the premiums payable, for the insurance coverages we offer; and assessments and shared market mechanisms which may adversely affect our U.S. insurance subsidiaries. Additional risks and uncertainties are described in our most recently issued AnnualReport which is available atwww.fairfax.ca and in our Supplementaland Base Shelf Prospectus (under “Risk Factors”) filed with the securitiesregulatory authorities in Canada, which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. Fairfax disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise anyforward-looking statements.

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