UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
Form 10-K
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þ | | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| | For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 |
OR |
o | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| | For the transition period from to |
Commission file number: 0-25508
RTW, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Minnesota | | 41-1440870 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
8500 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 1400
Bloomington, MN 55437
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:(952) 893-0403
Securities registered pursuant to 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, no par value
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock
Securities registered pursuant to 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known, seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 ofRegulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of thisForm 10-K or any amendment to thisForm 10-K: o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange ActRule 12b-2)
Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange ActRule 12b-2) Yes o No þ
As of March 28, 2007, 5,153,000 shares of Common Stock, no par value, were outstanding. As of June 30, 2006, assuming as fair value the last sale price of $10.73 per share on The Nasdaq Stock Market, the aggregate fair value of shares held by non-affiliates was approximately $45.2 million.
Documents incorporated by reference:
Certain portions of the Company’s Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 13, 2007, a definitive copy of which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of December 31, 2006, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report onForm 10-K.
PART I
Overview
RTW, Inc. (RTW) provides disability and absence management services, directed today primarily at workers’ compensation. Our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, American Compensation Insurance Company (ACIC) and its wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, Bloomington Compensation Insurance Company (BCIC) offer guaranteed cost workers’ compensation insurance to employers located primarily in Minnesota, Michigan and Colorado. Our Absentia® division provides services to: (i) self-insured employers on afee-for-service basis; (ii) state-sponsored assigned risk plans on a percent of premium basis; (iii) other insurance companies; and (iv) to agents and employers on a consulting basis, charging hourly fees. ACIC is licensed in twenty-three states. BCIC received a license from Minnesota in October 2005 and from Colorado in February 2007. RTW, Inc. was incorporated in Minnesota in 1983. Collectively, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to RTW, ACIC, BCIC and Absentia in this document.
We developed two proprietary systems to manage disability: (i) ID15®, designed to quickly identify those injured employees who are likely to become inappropriately dependent on disability system benefits; and (ii) RTW Solution®, rapid intervention in and intensive management of potentially high-cost injuries, designed to lower employers’ disability costs and improve productivity by returning injured employees to work as soon as safely possible. We support these proprietary management systems withstate-of-the-art technology and talented employees dedicated to our vision of transforming people from absent or idle to present and productive. Our insurance subsidiaries are domiciled in Minnesota and operated primarily in Minnesota, Michigan and Colorado in 2006, 2005 and 2004. Absentia provided services for its customers in over 30 states at December 31, 2006 up from 18 states at December 31, 2005.
Our approach to managing disability reduces medical expenses and wage-replacement costs (including time away from the job). We:
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| • | focus our efforts on the 15% of the injured employees that drive 80% of the system costs; |
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| • | control costs by actively managing all participants in the system, including employers, injured employees, medical care providers, attorneys and the legal system; and |
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| • | return injured employees to work as soon as safely possible. |
Industry
Today, we derive a substantial portion of our revenue from products and services related to managing workers’ compensation. Workers’ compensation benefits are mandated and regulated at the state level. Every state requires employers to provide wage-replacement and medical benefits to workplace accident victims regardless of fault. Virtually all employers in the United States are required to either: (a) purchase workers’ compensation insurance from a private insurance carrier; (b) obtain coverage from a state managed fund; or (c) if permitted by their state, to self-insure. Workers’ compensation laws generally mandate two types of benefits for injured employees: (i) indemnity payments including temporary wage-replacement or permanent disability payments; and (ii) medical benefits that include payment for expenses related to injury diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, if necessary. On an industry-wide basis, medical benefits represent approximately 55% of benefits paid, while indemnity benefits account for the remaining 45%.
Estimated workers’ compensation insurance premiums for 2006 are $40 billion nationwide. Approximately 75% of the premium volume is written through the traditional or private residual market, including commercial insurers and state-operated assigned risk pools established for high-risk employers. The balance is written through state funds operated to increase competition and stabilize the market.
Indemnity benefits are established by state legislative action and increase as wages and state mandated benefits rise. Indemnity costs generally increase at a rate consistent with wage inflation while medical expenses have been increasing at a double-digit pace across the United States. We believe the most significant factor affecting cost in the
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workers’ compensation system results from incentives for injured employees to remain away from work, continuing to collect indemnity payments and receiving medical treatment beyond the point that is necessary.
We believe that we are more effective than traditional insurance companies and third party administrators in controlling medical and indemnity costs and returning employees to the workplace in a timely manner. Traditional efforts focus on workplace safety and medical cost containment and as a result, have reduced some expenses. These efforts have not had a significant effect on the overall system cost because they have not focused effectively on controlling wage replacement and lost productivity. Traditional insurance companies have moved toward a more comprehensive management approach in recent years includingreturn-to-work initiatives and, while somewhat successful, they have not realized the cost reductions and claim closure outcomes that we have achieved.
Our Management Approach
We developed our approach to managing disability after observing two important characteristics of the system: (i) 15% of all injuries result in 80% of the system costs; and (ii) an employee off work for twelve weeks has a 50% likelihood of never returning to work. We developed ID15® to identify those claims likely to account for 80% of the system cost and our RTW Solution® to intervene quickly, reducing lost time and producing significant cost savings for our customers. We promptly identify (generally within 48 hours after being notified and with a 95% degree of accuracy) claims likely to result in significant expense and act quickly to control these costs before they are incurred or get out of hand. We intensely manage all aspects of the system: employers, injured employees, medical care providers and legal and judicial participants. We focus on controlling indemnity payments for lost wages by quickly and safely returning employees to work. As part of this strategy, we attempt to return employees to their original position or to place them in transitional, light-duty positions until they are able to resume their original jobs. By promptly returning employees to work, we substantially reduce not only indemnity payments, but also medical expense per injury. We also use other management techniques to control medical costs including contracting with provider networks, designating health care providers and performing medical fee schedule review, utilization review and doctor peer review.
We deliver solutions to our customers through operating teams. Each operating team is responsible for managing claims and is responsible for the loss experience of an employer or group of employers. Our operating teams include a mix of nurses, statutory claims administrators, assistant claims administrators and clerical support that are matched to the needs of the employer or group of employers. Operating teams meet regularly to discuss strategies for managing difficult claims and review strategies and procedures that have been successful in resolving disputes.
The following summarizes our approach to managing all participants in the disability system:
Customers. Prior to working with employers that we insure and customers to whom we provide non-insurance services, we fully explain our methods, processes, guidelines and philosophy regarding appropriate return to work and train the employer’s personnel. In addition, as part of our underwriting process, we may conducton-site risk assessments for prospective insured employers. Employers insured by ACIC and BCIC have historically agreed, as part of the insurance policy, to comply with our early intervention methods and to provide transitional, light-duty work for injured employees until such time as they are able to resume their normal positions. Compliance for insured employers who have these endorsements to their policies, is mandatory or we cancel their coverage. Our service customers have ultimate choice, but we encourage them to provide transitional work to reduce the cost of lost time. To ensure that our early intervention model succeeds, we require the employer to promptly notify us of a claim’s occurrence, typically within 48 hours of the injury.
Each operating team is responsible for managing its employers’ workers’ compensation and disability programs. The operating team meets with each employer, manages all reported injuries and actively communicates with the employer on all open injuries. We may make workplace safety recommendations through our accident prevention team or retain a workplace safety-engineering firm to assist employers in remedying work conditions that create inappropriate risk. In addition, operating teams may recommend, for policies underwritten by ACIC or BCIC, cancellation or non-renewal for employers that fail to comply with our procedures.
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Employees. We focus on the person, not solely on the nature of the injury, in determining which claims are likely to result in higher costs and act quickly to control the related expenses. Within 48 hours of being notified of an injury, we evaluate several factors, including the type of injury, the presence of lost time, the employee’s injury history and employee’s psychosocial behaviors to determine whether the injury is likely to involve significant expense. In cases where there is high-cost potential, we intervene quickly, assisting the employee in obtaining appropriate medical care and developing a plan to get the employee back to work as soon as safely possible. Employers insured by ACIC and BCIC are required to provide transitional light-duty jobs for employees who cannot immediately return to their original positions. If the employee refuses transitional work, we may terminate indemnity payments, but are required to continue to provide appropriate medical benefits. For employers that we service through Absentia, we educate the employer on the benefit ofreturn-to-work programs and work closely to find transitional light-duty work opportunities for the employee.
Medical Care Providers. We actively assess, monitor and manage medical treatment and review medical expenses for each injury. We contact the employee’s treating physician in cases that involve time off from work or injuries that could involve significant expense. In these cases, the physicians are asked to provide their diagnosis, plan of treatment and assess the employee’s physical capabilities for transitional, light-duty work. We employ and contract with consulting physicians to assess questionable treatment plans for injured employees. These physicians discuss injured employee treatment plans with the employee’s medical care provider. The goal is to ensure both an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for the injury and understand the nature and extent that the diagnosis places limits on the employee’s ability to return to work in either the original job or a transitional, light-duty position. We also monitor the medical services provided to ensure that the injured employee receives proper treatment for the injury and that the employee does not receive services or procedures that are excessive, unnecessary or unrelated to the injury. In addition, when we believe the diagnosis of an injury or the proposed rehabilitation treatment is inappropriate, we will arrange for a second opinion with an independent medical examiner.
A medical cost management team reviews all bills submitted by medical care providers to determine if the amounts charged for the treatments are appropriate according to statutory and other negotiated fee schedules, including fee schedules negotiated through provider organizations.
In many states, including Minnesota, we cannot require that an injured employee go to a specific physician or seek treatment from a specific provider. Nevertheless, we attempt to assist the injured employee in selecting appropriate medical care providers. In Colorado and Michigan (for the first ten days after the injury), we can require that injured employees go to a physician within a designated network of medical care providers.
Legal and Judicial Participants. We seek to limit the number of disputes with injured employees by intervening early, educating, ensuring appropriate medical management and treating them with dignity and respect. As part of our process, we identify injuries that are not work related and deny those claims. We may also deny indemnity payments for a claim when we determine that no further payments are appropriate (for example, when an employee has been offered transitional, light-duty work and has refused it). In these and other circumstances, the employee may engage an attorney to represent his or her interests. Generally, if the parties are unable to resolve the matter, workers’ compensation law mandates arbitration, subject to judicial review. For cases that involve adversarial proceedings, we engage one of several attorneys who are familiar with our philosophy and actively seek to resolve the dispute with the employee’s attorney.
Customers
We target two specific groups of customers: (i) employers seeking workers’ compensation insurance coverage for their operations in the states our insurance subsidiaries operate; and (ii) employers in need of non-insurance solutions that increase productivity and reduce the cost of disability and absence. ACIC’s insured customers have a history of workers’ compensation claim costs higher than average in their industry and typically operate in manufacturing, retail, wholesale, health care and hospitality. BCIC’s insured customers are typically prior ACIC customers or new customers with a credit experience modifier or a strong internal workers’ compensation management program. In 2006, we also began writing workers’ compensation insurance for small employers
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in states outside Minnesota, Michigan and Colorado. These employers typically find it difficult to insure with private insurers and typically are covered by state fund or assigned risk plan policies.
Our insured customer’s average annual premium per policy decreased 4.4% to $91,300 in 2006 from $95,500 in 2005 and $92,000 in 2004. Our ten largest customers accounted for $6.0 million or 12.6% of our premiums in force in 2006 compared to $5.7 million or 10.8% in 2005 and $5.7 million or 9.1% in 2004. No single customer accounted for more than 5% of in force premiums in 2006, 2005 or 2004. We renewed 68.5% of the policies scheduled to expire in 2006, whereas 65.9% and 73.3% were renewed in 2005 and 2004, respectively. Substantially all of ACIC’s and BCIC’s employers are in Minnesota, Colorado and Michigan. In addition to these states, ACIC is also licensed in Connecticut, Missouri, Massachusetts, Illinois, Rhode Island, Kansas, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Maryland, Arkansas, Iowa, Florida, New Jersey, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, Indiana, South Dakota, Wisconsin and Oklahoma. We continuously evaluate opportunities to expand our insurance products beyond the states in which we are currently licensed.
We offer disability and absence management services through RTW and its Absentia division to a broad array of customers including self-insured employers, insurance companies, third-party administrators, agents and brokers, state agencies and municipalities. We currently offer these services to employers in over 30 states and expect to further expand these non-insurance service offerings throughout the United States. Our service revenue increased to $5.9 million in 2006 from $4.4 million in 2005 and $633,000 in 2004.
Products
Insurance Products. Our gross premiums earned are derived from workers’ compensation insurance premiums written by ACIC and BCIC. We began offering workers’ compensation insurance products in April 1992 for ACIC and in October 2005 for BCIC. Substantially all of ACIC’s and BCIC’s workers’ compensation products are guaranteed-cost insurance policies. Under a guaranteed-cost policy, an employer purchases an insurance policy underwritten by ACIC or BCIC and pays a premium based on projected aggregate annual payroll. We assume responsibility for the indemnity and medical costs associated with the employer’s workers’ compensation injuries and work closely with the employer in managing the employer’s workers’ compensation program.
In addition to standard guaranteed-cost policies, ACIC offers, on a limited basis, a deductible guaranteed-cost policy under which the employer is responsible for all medical and indemnity expenses up to a specific dollar amount, while we are responsible for medical and indemnity expenses over that level. We provide the same comprehensive management services for deductible guaranteed-cost policies and standard guaranteed-cost policies.
We determine the premium to be charged an employer based on several factors, including: (i) the expected dollar loss per $100 of payroll for the employer’s industry; (ii) the employer’s experience modifier, a measurement of the difference between the employer’s past claims experience and its industry average; (iii) an upward or downward adjustment to the premium based on our assessment of the risks associated with providing coverage for the employer; and (iv) competitive market prices. An employer’s expected dollar loss and experience modifier are each determined by an independent rating agency established or adopted by its state, based on a three-year average of the claims’ experience of the employer and its industry.
Service Offerings. In 2004, we began a strategic initiative to offer disability management products and services directed at workers’ compensation on afee-for-service basis in order to diversify our offerings, providing us a non-risk source of revenue. This strategic initiative extends our workers’ compensation and disability management services to self-insured employers and other alternative market non-risk customers. We charge a fee to these customers based on the expected number of claims managed or the time committed to the customer. We grew our services from offering solely third-party administration in 2003 to providing a broad range of service offerings in 2006. At December 31, 2006, our annualized service revenues totaled approximately $5.6 million. Annualized service revenue represents the estimated total value of service contracts that are in place at any point in time. In 2005, we put this business under a division of RTW that we named Absentia.
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Sales and Marketing
We sell our traditional workers’ compensation insurance products to insured employers through independent insurance agencies and brokers, including several large national agencies. Agency commissions averaged 6.5% of gross premiums earned in 2006, compared to 6.7% in 2005 and 7.1% in 2004. Our ten highest producing agencies accounted for $19.8 million or 41.6% of premiums in force in 2006, compared to $21.4 million or 40.3% in 2005 and $26.1 million or 41.6% in 2004. No agency accounted for more than 6.6% of premiums in force in 2006, compared to 7.1% in 2005 and 7.4% in 2004. We continually market our insurance products to agencies in our core regions to keep them aware of developments in our business. Each region’s underwriting team is responsible for establishing and maintaining agency relationships.
We sell our non-insurance services through sales personnel employed by us, through our independent agents and brokers and further leverage our vendor and other key relationships to introduce us to employers that could benefit from the services we offer.
Reinsurance
We purchase reinsurance to protect our insurance results from potential losses in excess of the level we are willing to accept. We share the risks and benefits of the insurance we underwrite with reinsurers through reinsurance agreements. Our primary reinsurance is excess of loss coverage that limits our per-occurrence exposure.
Under an “excess of loss” reinsurance policy, we pay a reinsurer a negotiated percentage of gross premiums earned. In return, the reinsurer assumes all risks relating to injuries over a specific dollar amount on a per occurrence basis. In Minnesota, we are required to purchase excess of loss coverage for our Minnesota policies from the Minnesota Workers’ Compensation Reinsurance Association (WCRA). In states other than Minnesota, we purchase excess of loss coverage through private reinsurers.
The following table summarizes our reinsurance coverage (all losses ceded on a per occurrence basis):
| | | | | | |
| | Covers Losses Per Occurrence: |
| | In Excess of: | | | Limited to: |
|
Minnesota: | | | | | | |
2006 WCRA | | $ | 390,000 | | | Statutory limit |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $390,000 |
2005 WCRA | | $ | 380,000 | | | Statutory limit |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $380,000 |
2004 WCRA | | $ | 360,000 | | | Statutory limit |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $360,000 |
Other States: | | | | | | |
2006 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism |
2005 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism |
2004 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism |
We maintained our 2006 retention level in 2007 to reduce volatility in our operating results.
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We annually review the financial stability of our reinsurers. This review includes a ratings analysis of each reinsurer participating in an existing reinsurance contract or from whom we have a recoverable. Except for the WCRA, which is a mandatory Minnesota reinsurer and unrated by A.M. Best, the following list details our reinsurers and the current A.M. Best rating assigned to each as of March 3, 2007:
| | | | |
Reinsurer | | A.M. Best Rating | |
|
Aspen Insurance UK Ltd | | | A | |
Continental Casualty Company | | | A | |
Everest Reinsurance Company | | | A | + |
General Reinsurance Corporation | | | A | ++ |
Max Re Ltd | | | A | − |
Munich Re America Corporation | | | A | |
Platinum Underwriters Reinsurance, Inc. | | | A | |
Swiss Reinsurance America | | | A | + |
SCOR Reinsurance Company | | | B | ++ |
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company | | | A | + |
Based on our review at December 31, 2006, we believe our reinsurance balances are collectible and expect our reinsurers to honor their obligations. Further, we are not aware of any developments with respect to these reinsurers that would result in uncollectible reinsurance balances. In the event that these reinsurers are unable to honor their obligations to us due to insolvency or otherwise, we will be required to pay these obligations ourselves and the result could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition.
Terrorism Reinsurance
The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 established a program within the Department of the Treasury under which insurers are required to offer terrorism insurance and the federal government will share the risk of loss by commercial property and casualty insurers arising from future terrorist attacks. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Extension Act of 2005 (TRIEA) extended this program through December 31, 2007. Under TRIEA, each participating insurance company is subject to a deductible, ranging from 17.5% of direct earned premiums from covered commercial insurance lines in 2006 to 20% in 2007, before federal government assistance becomes available. For losses in excess of a company’s deductible, the federal government will cover 90% in 2006 and 85% in 2007 of the excess covered losses, while companies retain the remaining 10% in 2006 and 15% in 2007. Federal reimbursement is available for a certified act of terrorism after March 31, 2006 only if the aggregate industry insured losses resulting from such act exceed $50 million in 2006 or $100 million in 2007. Losses covered by the program will be capped annually at $100 billion; above this amount, insurers are not liable for covered losses and Congress is to determine the procedures for and the source of any payments. Amounts paid by the federal government under the program over certain phased limits are to be recouped by the Department of the Treasury through policy surcharges which cannot exceed 3% of annual premium. The program does not generally affect state law limitations applying to premiums and policies for terrorism coverage.
While TRIEA provides the property and casualty industry with an increased ability to withstand the effect of a terrorist event through 2007, our results of operations or equity could nevertheless be materially adversely affected by terrorist events given the unpredictability of the nature, targets, severity or frequency of such events. Under the laws of most states, we are generally prohibited from excluding terrorism exposure from our primary workers’ compensation policies.
Competition
The workers’ compensation industry is highly competitive. We compete with insurance companies, managed health care organizations and state-sponsored funds and insurance pools for insured products and with third party administrators and specialized consulting organizations forfee-for-service business. These competitors may offer additional products and services to employers, including other forms of insurance, while we offer only workers’ compensation insurance products and disability and absence management services. As a consequence, these
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competitors may have certain advantages in pricing their products and services. In addition, certain competitors claim to offer services and competencies similar to that offered by us. Further, many of our competitors have greater financial and operating resources than we have.
Competitive factors in the industry include premium rates, level of service and ability to reduce claims expense. We believe that our workers’ compensation insurance products and services are competitively priced. We also believe that our level of service and our ability to reduce claims are strong competitive factors that have enabled us to retain existing employers and attract new customers.
Insurance companies enter and exit states’ workers’ compensation markets depending on their assessment of current market conditions. Many insurance companies stopped underwriting workers’ compensation insurance during the early 1990’s due to rising costs that were not matched by reductions in statutory benefits or higher premium rates. In the mid to late 1990’s, we experienced increased market pressure as new insurance companies and mono-line workers’ compensation insurance companies entered the market. In the early 2000’s, many insurers withdrew from the markets in which we operate. Starting in 2004, we experienced two things: (i) large national carriers began retaining workers’ compensation risks that they did not retain in the three previous years; and (ii) insurers that had not been active for years and new carriers entered the markets in which we operate and began writing workers’ compensation insurance. Premiums rates flattened in 2004 and declined in 2005 and 2006 as a result.
Insurance companies compete with us for insured customers that have lower past claims experience or lower experience “modifiers.” As a result, we experience increased competition on our renewing workers’ compensation policies because we reduce our customers’ experience modifiers. We expect to continue to experience this competition for our ACIC and BCIC customers.
Another competitive factor results from the fact that some insured employers will not purchase workers’ compensation products from insurance companies with an A.M. Best (Best) rating less than “A”. In addition, certain insurance companies that write umbrella policies will not provide coverage to an employer if a portion of the employer’s underlying insurance policy, such as the workers’ compensation portion, is written by an insurance company with a less than “A−” rating. We believe that our insurance subsidiaries’ “B++” Best rating may make it difficult for us to provide insurance products to certain employers.
On May 18, 2006, A.M. Best Co. (Best) upgraded the financial strength rating of ACIC to B++ (Good) on a scale of “A++” (Superior) to “F” (In Liquidation). Best also assigned an initial financial strength rating of B++ (Good) to BCIC. The outlook for both ratings is “positive”. This represented an upgrade from a “B+” rating assigned by Best on April 19, 2005. Best assigns a rating after quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating financial condition and operating performance.
Data Management
We use several proprietary systems developed by us in our operations. These systems include:
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First
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Install | | System Description | | Business Use |
|
1995 | | Policy management system | | Process insurance applications; issue and endorse policies |
1996 | | Case and claims management and medical fee adjudicating systems | | Manage claims, audit medical fees, pay claims, provide reports to policyholders and analyze claims data |
1999 | | Client account management system | | Billing, cash receipts, collections and agency commission systems |
We continue to maintain and upgrade these systems. We also utilize third-party software to maintain financial information, prepare accounting reports and financial statements and pay vendors. We contract with a third-party provider of payroll services for payroll, benefits and human resource software services. We utilize other licensed software from national vendors to maintain our financial records, file statutory statements with insurance regulators and perform other general business.
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Employees
We had 168 full-time employees at December 31, 2006. Approximately 37 were dedicated to marketing, case and claim management for our Absentia customers, approximately 43 were dedicated to marketing, case and claim management for our insurance customers and 88 provided case and claim support for both segments or worked in our administrative, financial and technology functions. None of our employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements. We believe our relationship with our employees is good.
Regulation
Our insurance subsidiaries are regulated by governmental agencies in the states in which we operate, and are subject to regulation in any state where we provide workers’ compensation services. State regulatory agencies have broad administrative power over all aspects of our workers’ compensation business, including premium rates, benefit levels, policy forms, dividend payments, capital adequacy and the amount and type of our investments. These regulations are primarily intended to protect covered employees and policyholders rather than the insurance company. Both the legislation covering insurance companies and the regulations adopted by state agencies are subject to change.
Workers’ compensation coverage is a creation of state law, subject to change by state legislature, and is influenced by the political processes in each state. Several states have mandated that employers receive coverage only from state operated funds. New laws affecting the workers’ compensation system in Minnesota, Colorado, Michigan and any other state where we may operate, including laws that require all employers to participate in state sponsored funds or that mandate premium reductions, could have a material adverse effect on us.
Trade Names, Trademarks and Service Marks
We use trade names, trademarks and service marks in our business. We have registered our trade names, trademarks and service marks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office in the past and intend to continue to do so in the future. We believe that the goodwill associated with many of our trade names, trademarks and service marks, particularly “ID15,” “RTW Solution” and “Absentia” are significant competitive assets in our business. We also operate our business in several states outside of Minnesota, using the RTW name in connection with the name of the State.
Company Information
Our website ishttp://www.rtwi.com. We make available, free of charge or through our website, our annual, quarterly and current reports and proxy statements, and any amendments to those filings, as soon as is reasonably possible after they are filed with the SEC. Information about each beneficial owner and the RTW Code of Business Ethics and Conduct are also available, free of charge, through our website. Information contained on our website is not part of this report.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following are our Chairman and executive officers at March 15, 2007:
| | | | | | |
Name | | Age | | Position |
|
John O. Goodwyne | | | 68 | | | Chairman of the Board |
Jeffrey B. Murphy | | | 45 | | | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director |
Alfred L. LaTendresse | | | 58 | | | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |
Thomas J. Byers | | | 51 | | | Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing |
Keith D. Krueger | | | 48 | | | Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Assistant Secretary |
David M. Dietz | | | 40 | | | Vice President, Business Development |
Patricia M. Sheveland | | | 48 | | | Vice President, Product Development, Quality and Compliance |
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John O. Goodwyne joined our Board of Directors in December 2001 and became Chairman of the Board in December 2003. From 1974 to 2006, Mr. Goodwyne was the owner and President of J N Johnson Sales & Service Inc., a non-public local contractor for fire protection systems and distributor of fire extinguishers. In addition, since 1982, he has been owner and President of Low Voltage Contractors Inc., a non-public local contractor for installation and service of fire alarm, security and nurse call systems.
Jeffrey B. Murphy has served as President and Chief Executive Officer since December 2003 and was elected to the Board in March 2004. Mr. Murphy joined us in October 1994 as Controller, was promoted to Chief Financial Officer in February 2000 and became President and Chief Executive Officer in December 2003. Mr. Murphy was the Corporate Controller and held other management positions for Midcontinent Media, Inc., a non-public company, from 1989 to 1994 and served in various financial audit positions with Grant Thornton LLP from 1983 to 1989.
Alfred L. LaTendresse rejoined us in December 2001 as Executive Vice President and further assumed the roles of Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary in December 2003. Mr. LaTendresse served as Chief Operations Officer and Chief Financial Officer for Headwater Systems, Inc., a non-public radio frequency identification technology company, from June 1999 to December 2001. Mr. LaTendresse initially joined us as Chief Financial Officer in 1990 and later added the roles of Secretary and Treasurer. Mr. LaTendresse departed from us in December 1998. Mr. LaTendresse served as a Director for us from July 1993 until January 1995 and from December 2001 to March 2004. Mr. LaTendresse is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants.
Thomas J. Byers joined us in October 2005 as Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing. Mr. Byers previously served as Vice President, Sales and Marketing for DirectCompRx from 2004 to 2005. In addition, Mr. Byers has held executive positions as Vice President, Sales and Marketing and Director of Business Development for GatesMcDonald from 1999 to 2004 and as President of Anthem Comp Services, a subsidiary of Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield from 1997 to 1999. Mr. Byers has been in the risk management and insurance industry since 1986. Prior to that time, he was a world-class professional athlete.
Keith D. Krueger joined us in September 1998 as the Director of Underwriting and Pricing for our Minnesota regional office. He was promoted to Director of Underwriting Services in our Home Office in October 1999 and served in this capacity until being promoted to Vice President, Underwriting and Sales in March 2002 (later renamed Vice President, Insured Products in December 2003). In October 2006, Mr. Krueger was promoted to Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Krueger is also the President of ACIC and BCIC. Prior to joining RTW, Mr. Krueger was a Commercial Lines Underwriting Manager for Citizens Security Mutual Insurance from June 1997 to August 1998. From March 1995 to May 1997, Mr. Krueger was Vice President, Underwriting and Marketing for American West Insurance, a non-public company. He is a member of the American Institute for Property and Liability Underwriters and holds the CPCU designation.
David M. Dietz joined us in July 2002 as the Director of Self-Insured Services in our Home Office and was promoted to Vice President, Alternative Products (later renamed Absentia) in December 2003. Mr. Dietz became Vice President, Business Development in October 2005. Mr. Dietz came to us with fourteen years of experience in the insurance industry. Prior to joining RTW, Mr. Dietz served as Senior Vice President, Marketing and Technical Sales for Benfield Blanch, Inc. from September 2000 to July 2002. Mr. Dietz also served in various management roles for EBI Companies, Citizens Management, Inc., TIG Insurance and Sentry Insurance from 1989 to 2000.
Patricia M. Sheveland joined us in April 1990 and has held various management positions of increasing importance, including General Manager of Operations in the Colorado regional office and Director of Operations for the Colorado, Michigan and Massachusetts regions. Ms. Sheveland was named Vice President, Case and Claims Management in January 2002, and became Vice President, Product Development, Quality and Compliance in October 2006. Prior to joining RTW, Ms. Sheveland worked as an Occupational Nurse for Kmart Corporation. She is a Registered Nurse.
10
We derive a significant portion of our revenue from workers’ compensation insurance premiums and net investment income, including gains and losses from sales of securities. An increasing portion of our revenue is derived from non-insurance disability and absence management services. We are subject to the challenges, risks, uncertainties and trends that affect the workers’ compensation property and casualty insurance and the disability and absence management service sectors of our economy including the following:
| | |
| • | Workers’ compensation is a state regulated industry and therefore subject to change. Workers’ compensation is governed and regulated by state governmental agencies. We are subject to state regulation in any state in which we provide workers’ compensation products and services, now and in the future. State regulatory agencies have broad administrative power with respect to all aspects of our business, including premium rates, benefit levels, policy forms, dividend payments, capital adequacy and the amount and type of investments. Legislation covering insurance companies and the regulations adopted by state agencies are subject to change and any change may adversely affect our operations; |
|
| • | Workers’ compensation claims and related expenses can be volatile. The degree of estimation error inherent in the process of estimating workers’ compensation claim and claim settlement expense may result in a high degree of volatility in periodic earnings reports. Workers’ compensation is a long-tailed property and casualty insurance line. Claims for a given year are open on average for twelve to thirteen years and it is not unusual for workers’ compensation insurers to have some claims open for thirty or more years. We have operated ACIC since 1992 and BCIC since 2005 and therefore have relatively limited experience (fifteen years), and accordingly, are subject to volatility. New medical procedures could evolve and new legal theories develop that could cause older claims to re-open and increase expense. Claim frequency and severity can be volatile. Worker’s compensation is also subject to both medical and wage inflation. The cost of medical care has increased in excess of 10% per annum in recent years and indemnity cost has increased 3% to 4% with wage increases. These changes have resulted in reduced profitability in the workers’ compensation insurance line. Inflationary increases which are not offset by improved efficiency and effectiveness in managing claims could adversely affect profitability. See further discussion under “Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses” and “Unpaid Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses” in ITEM 7 of this Report onForm 10-K; |
|
| • | Workers’ compensation pricing is cyclical. In 2006 and 2005, premium rates on our renewing policies declined an average 6.9% and 2.4%. Rates increased 0.9%, 1.4%, 9.0% and 18.5% in 2004, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. These increases came after many years of rate decreases that unfavorably affected the industry in the late 1990s. If we are unable to maintain rates or decrease our costs, our profit margin will be adversely affected. See further discussion under “Premiums in Force and Gross Premiums Earned” in ITEM 7 of this Report onForm 10-K; |
|
| • | Reinsurance for workers’ compensation . Reinsurance costs in 2006, as a percentage of gross premiums earned, were approximately the same as 2005 and increased versus 2004 and prior years. We expect that reinsurance costs will increase in the future. Higher reinsurance costs, if not recovered through increased rates from our customers, will adversely affect our profit margin. Additionally, reinsurance for workers’ compensation may not be available. See further discussion under “Premiums Ceded” in ITEM 7 of this Report onForm 10-K; |
|
| • | Acts of terrorism: While we believe that our reinsurance programs, together with the coverage provided under the Terrorism Risk Insurance Extension Act of 2005, are sufficient to limit our net losses relating to potential future terrorist attacks, we can offer no assurance that our reserve for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses when they materialize will be adequate to cover losses when they materialize. It is not possible to eliminate completely our exposure to unforecasted or unpredictable events, and to the extent that losses from such risks occur, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. See further discussion under “Terrorism Reinsurance” in ITEM 1 of this Report onForm 10-K; |
|
| • | Profitable service revenue growth could be difficult. The national market for disability and absence management services is highly competitive and includes national, regional and local providers. We do not |
11
| | |
| | have a national presence, limiting our ability to service national accounts. Any infrastructure changes to support growth in our non-insurance revenues could be expensive and diminish our earnings in the short-term; and |
| | |
| • | Other risk factors. The following additional important factors, among others, could affect our results and could cause our actual financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in any forward-looking statement contained herein: |
| | |
| • | our ability to retain renewing policies and write new business with a B++ (Good, Secure) rating from A.M. Best; |
|
| • | adverse rating changes form A.M. Best; |
|
| • | the ability of our reinsurers to honor their obligations to us; |
|
| • | our ability to provide our proprietary products and services to customers successfully; |
|
| • | our ability to obtain and retain reinsurance at a reasonable cost; |
|
| • | investment risk, including those of our portfolio of fixed income securities and interest rate changes; and |
|
| • | general economic and business conditions. |
This discussion of risk factors is by no means exhaustive but is designed to highlight important factors that may affect our future performance.
The following is a summary of properties leased by us at December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Area leased
| | | | |
| | (in Square
| | | | |
Location and Description | | Feet) | | | Termination | |
|
Bloomington, Minnesota; Headquarters and Minnesota office space | | | 31,930 | | | | September 2012 | |
Denver, Colorado; Colorado office space | | | 7,825 | | | | May 2010 | |
Detroit, Michigan; Michigan office space | | | 7,118 | | | | January 2013 | |
Grand Rapids, Michigan; Michigan office space | | | 4,571 | | | | February 2011 | |
| |
ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
RTW v. Carolina Casualty: On April 12, 2005, RTW, Inc. commenced a Declaratory Judgment action in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota against Carolina Casualty Insurance Company. In the lawsuit, RTW sought a Court determination that RTW was not liable for any part of a $1.9 million judgment entered against an insured of Carolina Casualty in District Court in Utah. Carolina Casualty counterclaimed against RTW alleging that RTW owed it $1.9 million, plus interest and attorneys fees.
The RTW v. Carolina Casualty lawsuit grew out of an earlier lawsuit. On December 12, 2002, a Colorado employee of a Colorado care company insured by RTW’s subsidiary, American Compensation Insurance Company, was injured in an automobile accident in Utah. The injured employee brought a separate underlying suit against Carolina Casualty’s insured trucking company and driver for damages suffered as a result of the automobile accident.
While the underlying suit was pending, RTW administered and paid the workers’ compensation claim of the insured employee. The total amount paid or accrued for future payment by RTW was $163,586. RTW then sought indemnification from Carolina Casualty under subrogation rights. In August 2004, Carolina Casualty’s insured trucking company admitted full liability for the accident in the underlying suit.
In December 2004, Carolina Casualty agreed to pay and did pay RTW the full amount of RTW’s subrogation claim. On January 14, 2005, after a jury trial on the injured employee’s damages, the U.S. District Court in Utah entered a judgment of $1.9 million against Carolina Casualty’s insured, which was equal to the injured employee’s total damages, including $1,250,000 in general damages, less the $163,586 representing workers compensation
12
benefits that had been paid, or accrued for future payments by RTW. Carolina Casualty subsequently settled the lawsuit with the injured worker for $1.8 million.
In preparing the December 2004 settlement agreement for the workers’ compensation subrogation claim, counsel appointed by Carolina Casualty for its insured inserted the provision that Carolina Casualty in its counterclaim alleged required full indemnification by RTW of any amounts that Carolina Casualty paid the injured employee as a result of the liability of Carolina Casualty’s insured.
After Carolina Casualty’s attorneys requested indemnification pursuant to this provision, RTW commenced the Declaratory Judgment suit described above. Discovery was completed and cross motions for summary judgment in the lawsuit were argued in front of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota on May 8, 2006.
In a Memorandum of Law and Order dated September 18, 2006, Judge Michael J. Davis granted RTW’s motion for Summary Judgment. The Court determined that RTW did not clearly and unequivocally agree to indemnify Carolina Casualty for damages awarded during the underlying Utah lawsuit. The Court further noted that even if RTW had displayed a clear and unequivocal intent to indemnify Carolina Casualty under the agreement, RTW would still be entitled to equitable reformation on the grounds of mutual mistake under Utah law.
Accordingly, RTW is not liable to Carolina Casualty for payment of any amounts Carolina Casualty paid the plaintiff.
Carolina Casualty did not appeal the Court’s decision and the Court Order became final during fourth quarter of 2006.
Other litigation: In the ordinary course of administering our workers’ compensation programs, we are routinely involved in the adjudication of claims resulting from workplace injuries. We are not involved in any other legal or administrative claims that we believe are likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
| |
ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
None.
13
PART II
| |
ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
QUARTERLY STOCK PRICE COMPARISON AND DIVIDENDS
Our shares are traded publicly on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol RTWI. The table below sets forth the range of high and low sale prices for our stock for each quarter during the past two years. We had approximately 1,800 shareholders of our common stock at the close of trading on March 7, 2007.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | First
| | | Second
| | | Third
| | | Fourth
| |
Fiscal Year: | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | |
|
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
High | | $ | 11.38 | | | $ | 12.00 | | | $ | 11.00 | | | $ | 10.17 | |
Low | | | 9.30 | | | | 10.15 | | | | 9.70 | | | | 8.76 | |
2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
High | | $ | 12.37 | | | $ | 10.86 | | | $ | 11.40 | | | $ | 12.08 | |
Low | | | 8.27 | | | | 8.44 | | | | 9.35 | | | | 9.05 | |
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain any and all income for use in our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to payment of dividends will depend on our financial condition and results of operations and such other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED EQUITY SECURITIES
We had no unregistered sales of equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2006.
ISSUER REPURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
On March 30, 2006, we announced that our Board approved resuming our common stock share repurchase program. In September 1998, our Board authorized us to repurchase, fromtime-to-time pursuant to the program, up to $4.0 million of common stock. On May 1, 2006, our Board authorized a $1.0 million increase in the share repurchase program to $5.0 million and further authorized another $1.0 million increase in that program to $6.0 million on October 25, 2006.
We repurchased 229,000 shares in 2006 under this program for $2.3 million, at an average purchase price of $10.24 per share. No shares were repurchased under this program in 2005 or 2004. At December 31, 2006, we had $867,000 remaining authorized for share re-purchases under the program.
Repurchases under the program will be made in the open market in compliance with the SEC’sRule 10b-18, or through privately negotiated transactions, and are subject to market conditions, share price, trading volume and other factors. The repurchase program has no time limit and may be suspended fromtime-to-time or discontinued. Share repurchases will be made from available capital.
In May 2006 we repurchased 90,000 shares at $11.00 per share in a private transaction outside the program from our founder.
14
The table below sets forth information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Total Number of
| | | Maximum Approximate
| |
| | Total
| | | | | | Shares Purchased
| | | Dollar Value of
| |
| | Number of
| | | Average
| | | as Part of Publicly
| | | Shares That May Yet
| |
| | Shares
| | | Price Paid
| | | Announced Plans or
| | | be Purchased Under
| |
Period | | Purchased | | | Per Share | | | Programs | | | the Plans or Programs | |
|
October 1 to October 31, 2006 | | | 21,317 | | | $ | 9.90 | | | | 21,317 | | | $ | 1,447,000 | |
November 1 to November 30, 2006 | | | 35,859 | | | $ | 9.31 | | | | 35,859 | | | $ | 1,113,000 | |
December 1 to December 31, 2006 | | | 26,471 | | | $ | 9.30 | | | | 26,471 | | | $ | 867,000 | |
Totals | | | 83,647 | | | $ | 9.46 | | | | 83,647 | | | | | |
SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
A summary of our equity compensation plans under which securities are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2006 follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Number of Shares
| |
| | Number of Shares
| | | Weighted-Average
| | | Remaining Available
| |
| | to be Issued
| | | Exercise Price of
| | | for Issuance Under
| |
| | Upon Exercise of
| | | Outstanding Options
| | | Equity Compensation Plans
| |
| | Options(a) | | | (b) | | | (Excluding Column (a)) | |
|
Plans approved by shareholders | | | 604,707 | | | $ | 7.54 | | | | 349,126 | |
15
COMPARATIVE STOCK PERFORMANCE
The Securities and Exchange Commission requires that we include in this Annual Report onForm 10-K a line graph presentation comparing cumulative, five-year shareholder returns on an indexed basis with a broad market index and either a nationally-recognized industry standard or an index of peer companies selected by us. We have chosen to use the Nasdaq National Market (U.S. Companies) Index as its broad market index and the Nasdaq Insurance Stock Index as our peer group index. The table below compares the cumulative total return as of the end of each of our last five fiscal years on $100 invested as of December 31, 2001 in our common stock, the Nasdaq National Market Index and the Nasdaq Insurance Stock Index, assuming the reinvestment of all dividends:
Five Year Cumulative Total Shareholder Returns
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 12/31/01 | | | 12/31/02 | | | 12/31/03 | | | 12/31/04 | | | 12/30/05 | | | 12/29/06 |
RTW, Inc. | | | $ | 100.00 | | | | $ | 75.00 | | | | $ | 287.50 | | | | $ | 416.07 | | | | $ | 414.29 | | | | $ | 402.68 | |
Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) | | | $ | 100.00 | | | | $ | 69.14 | | | | $ | 103.37 | | | | $ | 112.50 | | | | $ | 114.89 | | | | $ | 126.22 | |
Nasdaq Insurance Stocks | | | $ | 100.00 | | | | $ | 100.79 | | | | $ | 124.54 | | | | $ | 151.21 | | | | $ | 169.47 | | | | $ | 191.62 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
16
| |
ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The Consolidated Statements of Income data set forth below for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006, and the Consolidated Balance Sheet data at December 31, 2006 and 2005 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report onForm 10-K. The Consolidated Statements of Income data set forth below for the two years in the period ended December 31, 2003, and the Consolidated Balance Sheet data at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, are derived from audited Consolidated Financial Statements not included herein. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report onForm 10-K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | |
| | (In thousands, except per share data) | |
|
Total revenues | | $ | 53,872 | | | $ | 59,011 | | | $ | 58,687 | | | $ | 51,383 | | | $ | 67,023 | |
Income from operations | | | 5,222 | | | | 10,079 | | | | 8,072 | | | | 6,635 | | | | 10,325 | |
Income before income taxes | | | 5,222 | | | | 10,079 | | | | 8,072 | | | | 6,587 | | | | 10,162 | |
Net income | | | 3,288 | | | | 5,998 | | | | 9,941 | | | | 6,999 | | | | 14,319 | |
Basic income per share | | | 0.62 | | | | 1.11 | | | | 1.90 | | | | 1.37 | | | | 2.78 | |
Diluted income per share | | | 0.60 | | | | 1.06 | | | | 1.81 | | | | 1.32 | | | | 2.78 | |
Total assets | | | 218,439 | | | | 228,471 | | | | 220,507 | | | | 202,168 | | | | 223,834 | |
Notes payable | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,250 | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 51,355 | | | | 50,578 | | | | 45,531 | | | | 35,587 | | | | 29,810 | |
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| |
ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
RTW, INC.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
The Company — RTW, Inc. (RTW) provides disability and absence management services, directed today primarily at workers’ compensation to: (i) employers insured through our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, American Compensation Insurance Company (ACIC) and its wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, Bloomington Compensation Insurance Company (BCIC); (ii) self-insured employers on afee-for-service basis; (iii) state-sponsored assigned risk plans on a percent of premium basis; (iv) other insurance companies; and (v) to agents and employers on a consulting basis, charging hourly fees through RTW and its Absentia® division. ACIC offers guaranteed cost workers’ compensation insurance to employers located primarily in Minnesota, Michigan and Colorado and is licensed in twenty-three states. BCIC began underwriting business in October 2005 and offers guaranteed-cost workers’ compensation insurance to selected employers in Minnesota and Colorado. Collectively, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to RTW, ACIC, BCIC and Absentia in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
We developed two proprietary systems to manage disability: (i) ID15®, designed to quickly identify early those injured employees who are likely to become inappropriately dependent on disability system benefits; and (ii) RTW Solution®, rapid intervention in and intensive management of potentially high-cost injuries, designed to lower employers’ disability costs and improve productivity by returning injured employees to work as soon as safely possible. We support these proprietary management systems withstate-of-the-art technology and talented employees dedicated to our vision of transforming people from absent or idle to present and productive. Our insurance subsidiaries are domiciled in Minnesota and operated primarily in Minnesota, Michigan and Colorado in 2006, 2005 and 2004. Absentia provided services for its customers in over 30 states in 2006.
On May 18, 2006, A.M. Best Co. (Best) upgraded the financial strength rating of ACIC to B++ (Good) from B+ (Good). Best also assigned an initial financial strength rating of B++ (Good) to BCIC. The outlook for both ratings is positive. The ratings reflect our improved capitalization and profitability over the last four years. ACIC increased its statutory capital and surplus to $46.6 million at December 31, 2006 from $43.6 million at December 31, 2005 and $38.5 million at December 31, 2004 as a result of profitability in 2006 and 2005. We believe that our “B++” rating from A.M. Best may create a barrier in certain circumstances for us as there are agents and employers that will only do business with insurers rated “A−” or better.
Additional information about RTW is available on our website at http://www.rtwi.com.
Significant Accounting Policies — Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Our significant accounting policies include those policies related to our accounting for: (i) premiums earned; (ii) service revenue; (iii) unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses, including reserves for incurred but not reported claims and the related reinsurance recoverables; (iv) deferred policy acquisition costs; (v) income taxes and deferred income taxes; and (vi) investments.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements — We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Financial Summary — This financial summary presents our discussion and analysis of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of RTW, Inc. This review should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements at December 31, 2006.
18
The following table provides an overview of our key operating results (000’s, except per share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Gross premiums earned | | $ | 51,367 | | | $ | 59,872 | | | $ | 63,370 | |
Premiums earned | | | 42,606 | | | | 49,420 | | | | 53,682 | |
Service revenue | | | 5,941 | | | | 4,398 | | | | 633 | |
Total revenues | | | 53,872 | | | | 59,011 | | | | 58,687 | |
Claim and claim settlement expenses | | | 30,134 | | | | 30,807 | | | | 35,536 | |
Income before income taxes | | | 5,222 | | | | 10,079 | | | | 8,072 | |
Net income | | | 3,288 | | | | 5,998 | | | | 9,941 | |
Diluted income per share | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | 1.06 | | | $ | 1.81 | |
We reported net income of $3.3 million in 2006 compared to net income of $6.0 million in 2005 and $9.9 million in 2004. We reported diluted income per share of $0.60 in 2006 compared to diluted income per share of $1.06 in 2005 and $1.81 in 2004. The primary factors affecting our 2006 operating results included the following:
| | |
| • | Gross premiums earned decreased 14.2% to $51.4 million in 2006 from $59.9 million in 2005 primarily due to a decrease in average premiums in force to $50.9 million for 2006 from $57.9 million in 2005. See further discussion under “Premiums In Force and Gross Premiums Earned”; |
|
| • | Premiums earned decreased 13.8% to $42.6 million in 2006 from $49.4 million in 2005. Premiums earned in 2006 reflect the decrease in gross premiums earned from 2005, offset by a slight decrease in premiums ceded as our cost of excess of loss reinsurance decreased slightly in 2006; |
|
| • | Service revenue from our Absentia division grew to $5.9 million in 2006 from $4.4 million in 2005; |
|
| • | Total revenues included $5.3 million of net investment income and no net realized investment gains in 2006 compared to $4.6 million of net investment income and $580,000 of net realized investment gains in 2005; |
|
| • | Claim and claim settlement expenses increased to 70.7% of premiums earned for 2006 from 62.3% for 2005. We realized favorable development of $1.8 million in 2006 compared to $5.5 million in 2005. Claim and claim settlement expenses decreased in 2006 due to the decrease in gross premiums earned in 2006 compared to 2005 but increased as a percent due to the reduced favorable development recorded in 2006. See further discussion under “Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses”; and |
|
| • | Income tax expense decreased to 37.0% of income before income taxes for 2006 from 40.5% for 2005. Income tax expense in 2005 includes adjustments for changes in estimates from prior periods that have affected theyear-to-year comparison of income tax expense. See further discussion under “Income Taxes.” |
We expect to grow 2007 premiums in force opportunistically as we expand to areas outside our traditional markets. We also anticipate that premium rates will decrease in 2007 as the markets in which we operate continue to become more competitive. We will focus on insurance profitability by: (i) writing new business in niches that are less sensitive to soft market pricing; (ii) aggressively managing and closing claims; (iii) reviewing policy profitability at renewal and removing unprofitable accounts; and (iv) aggressively managing policy acquisition costs.
We expect to increase non-insurance revenue in 2007 as we continue to provide services to employers insured through the Minnesota Assigned Risk Plan and add new customers. General and administrative expenses will increase as we grow service revenue.
In the following pages, we take a look at the 2006, 2005 and 2004 operating results for items in our Consolidated Statements of Income and also explain key Consolidated Balance Sheet accounts in greater detail.
19
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Total revenues: Our total revenues include premiums earned, net investment income, net realized investment gains (losses) and service revenue. The following table summarizes the components of our revenues and premiums in force (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Gross premiums earned | | $ | 51,367 | | | $ | 59,872 | | | $ | 63,370 | |
Premiums ceded | | | (8,761 | ) | | | (10,452 | ) | | | (9,688 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | | 42,606 | | | | 49,420 | | | | 53,682 | |
Net investment income | | | 5,325 | | | | 4,613 | | | | 3,667 | |
Realized investment gains (losses): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized investment gains | | | — | | | | 584 | | | | 708 | |
Realized investment losses | | | — | | | | (4 | ) | | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains | | | — | | | | 580 | | | | 705 | |
Service revenue | | | 5,941 | | | | 4,398 | | | | 633 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | $ | 53,872 | | | $ | 59,011 | | | $ | 58,687 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Premiums in force by region at year-end: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Minnesota | | $ | 28,500 | | | $ | 32,300 | | | $ | 37,800 | |
Colorado | | | 7,100 | | | | 8,300 | | | | 10,600 | |
Michigan | | | 11,900 | | | | 12,300 | | | | 14,300 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total premiums in force | | $ | 47,500 | | | $ | 52,900 | | | $ | 62,700 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums In Force and Gross Premiums Earned: Premiums on workers’ compensation insurance policies are our largest source of revenue. Premiums earned are the gross premiums earned by us on in force workers’ compensation policies, net of the effects of ceded premiums under reinsurance agreements.
The premium we charge a policyholder is a function of the policyholder’s payroll, industry and prior workers’ compensation claims experience. In underwriting a policy, we receive policyholder payroll estimates for the ensuing year. We record premiums written on an installment basis matching our billing to the policyholder and earn premiums on a daily basis over the life of each insurance policy based on the payroll estimate. We record the excess of premiums billed over premiums earned for each policy as unearned premiums on our balance sheet. When a policy expires, we audit policyholder payrolls for the policy period and adjust the estimated payroll to its actual value. The result is a “final audit” adjustment recorded to premiums earned when the adjustment becomes known. Final audit premiums recognized during the period include billed final audit premiums plus (or minus) the change in estimate for premiums on unexpired and expired unaudited policies.
Our premiums in force decreased to $47.5 million at December 31, 2006 from $52.9 million at December 31, 2005 and $62.7 million at December 31, 2004. Premiums in force in our Minnesota, Colorado and Michigan regions decreased $3.8 million, $1.2 million and $400,000, respectively, at the end of 2006 compared to the end of 2005. Average premiums in force decreased to $50.9 million in 2006 from $57.9 million in 2005 and $61.5 million in 2004. Premiums in force decreased in 2006 and 2005 as we focused on maintaining adequate pricing and declined business where we could not get a price that gave us an appropriate opportunity to earn a profit. We are in the midst of a soft insurance market cycle, characterized by increased competition and decreasing prices, in the markets in which we write premiums. We write to achieve an expected profit, no matter what our competitors do. In 2004, we were able to grow our business while gaining appropriate pricing on our policies written. Our average annual premium per policy decreased to $91,300 in 2006 from $95,500 in 2005 and $92,000 in 2004.
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Our gross premiums earned decreased 14.2% to $51.4 million in 2006 from $59.9 million in 2005. This decrease resulted primarily from: (i) the decrease in average premiums in force and (ii) a slight decrease in final audit premiums.
Our gross premiums earned decreased 5.5% to $59.9 million in 2005 from $63.4 million in 2004. This increase resulted primarily from: (i) the decrease in average premiums in force offset by (ii) a slight increase in final audit premiums.
Premium rates on renewing policies decreased an average of 6.9% in 2006, compared to a decrease of 2.4% and an increase of 0.9% in 2005 and 2004, respectively. The 2006 and 2005 decreases reflect heightened price competition due to the soft insurance market cycle in the markets in which we write premiums.
Premiums Ceded: Reinsurance agreements enable us to share certain risks with other insurance companies. We purchase reinsurance to protect us from potential losses in excess of the level we are willing to accept. We expect the companies to which we have ceded reinsurance to honor their obligations. In the event that these companies are unable to honor their obligations to us, we will be required to pay the underlying obligations ourselves. We are not aware of any developments with respect to any of our reinsurers that would result in our current reinsurance balances becoming uncollectible.
Under our excess of loss reinsurance policies, we pay reinsurers to limit our per-incident exposure and record this cost to premiums ceded as a reduction of gross premiums earned. In Minnesota, we are required to purchase excess of loss coverage for our Minnesota policies from the Minnesota Workers’ Compensation Reinsurance Association (WCRA). We purchased reinsurance for 2006 in our states other than Minnesota from three reinsurers. The following table summarizes our reinsurance coverage (all losses ceded on a per occurrence basis):
| | | | | | |
| | Covers Losses Per Occurrence: |
| | In Excess of: | | | Limited to: |
|
Minnesota: | | | | | | |
2006 WCRA | | $ | 390,000 | | | Statutory limit |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $390,000 |
2005 WCRA | | $ | 380,000 | | | Statutory limit |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $380,000 |
2004 WCRA | | $ | 360,000 | | | Statutory limit |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $360,000 |
Other States: | | | | | | |
2006 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism |
2005 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism |
2004 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism |
Premiums ceded to reinsurers decreased to $8.8 million in 2006 from $10.5 million in 2005. As a percent of gross premiums earned, premiums ceded decreased to 17.1% in 2006 from 17.5% in 2005. The decrease, as a percent of gross premiums earned, reflects a slight rate decrease for excess of loss reinsurance coverage in 2006 and a greater percentage of our premiums being earned in Minnesota, where we are charged lower reinsurance rates compared to our other states.
Premiums ceded to reinsurers increased to $10.5 million in 2005 from $9.7 million in 2004. As a percent of gross premiums earned, premiums ceded increased to 17.5% in 2005 from 15.3% in 2004. The increase in premiums ceded reflects a rate increase for excess of loss reinsurance coverage in all regions in 2005. The rates we are charged are lower for Minnesota risks compared to our other states risks.
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2007 Outlook: The 2007 outlook for premiums in force, gross premiums earned and premiums ceded include the following factors:
| | |
| • | We expect increased price competition in the markets in which we operate, which will exert downward pressure on premium pricing on new and renewal policies as national and regional carriers focus on writing and retaining workers’ compensation insurance. We expect to add new agency relationships in 2007 and terminate some that are not performing as expected. We expect growth in premiums in force in 2007 as we expand our underwriting niche, write multi-state policies and begin leveraging unused licenses; |
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| • | Our 2007 gross premiums earned will move in the same direction as our premiums in force, lagging slightly as premiums are earned over the term of the insurance policy; and |
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| • | We continue to limit our exposure to large losses by purchasing excess of loss reinsurance for losses in excess of $200,000 in all our regions in 2007. The cost of excess of loss reinsurance has decreased slightly or remained the same for all regions in 2007; however, because of a shift in premiums earned to higher reinsurance cost states, we expect premiums ceded under excess of loss policies to increase as a percent of gross premiums earned in 2007 when compared to the results attained for 2006. |
Net Investment Income and Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses): Net investment income includes earnings from our investment portfolio, reduced by expenses incurred in managing the portfolio. Our net realized investment gains (losses), displayed separately on our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income, include gains and losses from sales of securities.
We currently invest entirely in U.S. domiciled investment-grade taxable and tax-exempt fixed maturity investments and classify our investments asavailable-for-sale. Our primary investment objective is to maintain a diversified, high-quality, fixed-investment portfolio structured to maximize our after-tax net investment income without taking inappropriate credit risk. For further discussion of investments, see the “Investments” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
At December 31, 2003, we were invested entirely in U.S. domiciled investment-grade taxable fixed maturity investments. We added U.S. domiciled investment-grade tax-exempt fixed maturity investments in 2004 to take advantage of the tax benefits of those securities and interest rate spreads. We held cash and cash equivalents totaling $13.9 million and $21.9 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In order to reduce the near term interest rate risk on the portfolio, we built our cash position throughout 2003 and 2004 by holding cash received on mortgage-backed security prepayments and through sales of securities expecting interest rates would rise in 2005. During 2005 and continuing through 2006, we began to invest a portion of our cash and cash equivalents into longer maturing, fixed-rate securities. We intend to hold ouravailable-for-sale investments to maturity.
Net investment income increased to $5.3 million in 2006 from $4.6 million in 2005 and $3.7 million in 2004. In late 2004, yields on short maturity instruments began to improve. This improvement continued throughout 2005 and resulted in a relatively “flat” yield curve. The yield curve change benefited our yields on cash and cash equivalents. Later in the year, we further enhanced our net investment income realized on cash and cash equivalents by structuring a cash ladder to improve yields without taking undue risk. Total invested assets (investments, cash and cash equivalents) decreased to $125.0 million at December 31, 2006 from $129.2 million at December 31, 2005, principally due to shares repurchased under our repurchase program in 2006. Our book investment yield, excluding cash and cash equivalents, increased to 4.1% at December 31, 2006 from 3.9% at December 31, 2005 and 4.0% at December 31, 2004. As maturities occurred and pay-downs on mortgage-backed securities occurred, we decreased our average maturity and duration to minimize interest rate risk. The investment yields realized in future periods will be affected by yields attained on new investments.
In 2005 and 2004, we sold certain securities within the portfolio to take advantage of favorable interest rates and realized net investment gains totaling $580,000 and $705,000, respectively. No net investment gains or losses were realized in 2006.
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2007 Outlook: We expect that income from our investment portfolio for 2007 will be affected by the following:
| | |
| • | We expect intermediate to long-term interest rates to vary only slightly in 2007. The timing of any such rate changes is unknown at this time; |
|
| • | We expect that short-term interest rates on cash and cash equivalents will decrease slightly in 2007 as the Federal Reserve Board decreases its rates; |
|
| • | Our investment in tax-exempt municipal bonds will reduce net investment income and favorably affect net income as investment yields will be lower on a pre-tax basis but will be higher on a tax-adjusted basis; |
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| • | Cash flows for 2007 are expected to be affected by decreases in cash flows resulting from claim payments on claims from 2006 and prior years, offset by cash flows from our premiums and service revenue; |
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| • | Recognition of realized investment gains and losses will depend on sales of our investments, if any, to meet our short-term cash requirements or as we reposition our portfolio to further manage our portfolio returns. We do not anticipate selling any securities in 2007; and |
|
| • | New and re-negotiated reinsurance treaties may affect our future cash flow and future net investment income. |
Service Revenue: Service revenue includes revenue for services that are: (i) billed as a percent of premium of insurance policies issued by non-affiliated third-party insurers; (ii) billed based on the number and type of claims serviced; (iii) billed on an hourly basis based on direct activity; or (iv) billed based on contract duration. Our customers include the Minnesota Workers’ Compensation Assigned Risk Plan (ARP), self-insured employers, other insurance companies, insurance agents and local governmental units. Service revenue grew to $5.9 million in 2006 from $4.4 million in 2005 and $633,000 in 2004. Annualized service revenue was $5.5 million at December 31, 2006. Annualized service revenue represents the estimated total value of service contracts that are in place at any point in time.
2007 Outlook: Service revenue will increase in 2007 due to the following:
| | |
| • | In March 2004, we were awarded a three-year contract to service 25% of the ARP. On January 4, 2007, this contract was extended for one year. We are paid a fee based on a percent of the premium we service and began servicing new ARP business on July 1, 2004 and renewal ARP business on September 1, 2004. During 2005, we continued to ramp up our servicing of this contract, achieving a full “25%” share in September 2005. The total annual premium in the ARP at December 31, 2006 is approximately $63.1 million, which decreased from $85.1 million at December 31, 2005. We expect the total annual premium in the ARP to continue to decrease during 2007, which will exert downward pressure on our service revenue; and |
|
| • | We continue to market our services aggressively inside and outside the regions in which we currently operate. We expect service revenue will increase as new customers become aware of and purchase these services. The ultimate effect on service revenue is unknown at this time. |
Total Expenses: Our expenses include claim and claim settlement expenses, policy acquisition costs, general and administrative expenses and income taxes.
Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses: Claim expenses refer to medical and indemnity benefits that we paid or expect to pay to claimants for past events we insured. The costs of investigating, resolving and processing these claims are referred to as claim settlement expenses. We record these expenses, net of amounts recoverable under reinsurance contracts, to claim and claim settlement expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.
Claim and claim settlement expenses are our largest expense and result in our largest liability. We establish reserves that reflect our estimates of the total claim and claim settlement expenses we will ultimately have to pay under our workers’ compensation insurance policies. These include claims that have been reported but not yet settled and claims that have been incurred but not yet reported to us. For further discussion of reserve determination, see the “Unpaid Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
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The number of estimated ultimate claims by accident year decreased to approximately 8,300 in 2006 from 9,500 in 2005 and 11,800 in 2004, correlating directly to the decrease in gross earned premiums. The gross and net average estimated cost per claim (which includes both claim and claim settlement expenses) totaled approximately $5,100 and $4,400 in 2006 compared to $5,200 and $4,400 in 2005 and $5,100 and $4,200 in 2004, respectively. The relative consistency in gross and net average estimated cost per claim for 2006, 2005 and 2004 is primarily the result of increases in claim severity, offset by our improved ability to manage cases and claims. The trend of increasing severity is attributable to a combination of factors that include increasing medical and indemnity costs (reimbursements to injured workers for lost wages) per claim and a decline in the number of claims being reported over the last several years. The declining frequency of claims contributes to the increasing severity trend because the frequency decline has been concentrated in less expensive claims (claims involving less time-off from work and less severe injuries).
At December 31, 2006, the number of claims reported but unpaid (open claims) and the approximate average gross and net reserves on the claims occurring in the following accident years were:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Average Gross
| | | Average Net
| |
| | Open Claims | | | Reserve | | | Reserve | |
|
2006 | | | 918 | | | $ | 28,600 | | | $ | 21,900 | |
2005 | | | 200 | | | $ | 99,000 | | | $ | 71,900 | |
2004 | | | 103 | | | $ | 163,500 | | | $ | 84,600 | |
The average gross and net reserves per claim are less in 2006 than in 2005 and 2004 as the open claims include newly reported claims from the last half of 2006, including many with much lower severity that have not had time to close, as well as new claims that are incurred but not yet reported. The remaining open claims from 2005 and 2004 are primarily claims with significant injury characteristics resulting in the increase in outstanding average gross and net reserves per claim.
2006 Compared to 2005: Claim and claim settlement expenses decreased to $30.1 million in 2006 from $30.8 million in 2005. As a percent of premiums earned, claim and claim settlement expenses increased to 70.7% in 2006 from 62.3% in 2005. These changes are due to the following:
| | |
| • | The decrease in gross premiums earned as discussed above under “Premiums In Force and Gross Premiums Earned;” |
|
| • | The 2006 results include a $1.8 million decrease in prior accident years’ reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses compared to the 2005 results, which include a $5.5 million decrease in prior accident years’ reserves. Our estimate for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses decreased in 2006 due to the following: (i) our ability to manage and close claims has improved over our historical experience; and (ii) our estimate of the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses is volatile due to our relatively limited fifteen-year historical claim data and our small claim population; |
|
| • | Claim costs continued to reflect increasing medical and indemnity costs in accident year 2006 as compared to accident year 2005 resulting from inflationary pressures; and |
|
| • | Claim costs, measured as a percentage of gross premiums earned, were adversely affected by the price declines experienced in 2006 versus 2005. |
2005 Compared to 2004: Claim and claim settlement expenses decreased to $30.8 million in 2005 from $35.5 million in 2004. As a percent of premiums earned, claim and claim settlement expenses decreased to 62.3% in 2005 from 66.2% in 2004. These changes are due to the following:
| | |
| • | The decrease in gross premiums earned as discussed above under “Premiums In Force and Gross Premiums Earned;” |
|
| • | The 2005 results include a $5.5 million decrease in prior accident years’ reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses compared to the 2004 results, which include a $7.0 million decrease in prior accident years’ reserves. Our estimate for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses decreased in 2005 due to the following: (i) our ability to manage and close claims has improved over our historical experience; (ii) the re- |
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| | |
| | underwriting of our book of business has resulted in claims with profiles different than experienced historically; and (iii) our estimate of the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses is volatile due to our relatively limited fourteen-year historical claim data and our small claim population; |
| | |
| • | Claim costs continued to reflect increasing medical and indemnity costs in accident year 2005 as compared to accident year 2004 resulting from inflationary pressures; and |
|
| • | Claim costs, measured as a percentage of gross premiums earned, were adversely affected by the price declines experienced in 2005 versus 2004. |
2007 Outlook: We expect that claim and claim settlement expenses will be affected by the following factors:
| | |
| • | Claim costs will continue to be affected by: (i) increases in medical and indemnity costs resulting from inflationary changes; (ii) severity experienced in current and future periods in our policyholder base; (iii) changes resulting from increases in operating efficiency and effectiveness realized through enhancements to our internal processes and procedures, including changes to our proprietary computer systems; and (iv) legislative changes that affect benefits payable under workers’ compensation laws; |
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| • | Increases (decreases) in premium rates will have a direct affect on gross premiums earned without a corresponding effect on claim and claim settlement expenses, ultimately affecting claim and claim settlement expense as a percent of premiums earned. Legislative changes in estimated loss costs, increased competition and changes in customer loss experience may offset or eliminate the effect of any rate improvement; and |
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| • | Continued application of our claims management technology and methods to all open claims. |
The ultimate effect of the above factors on claim and claim settlement expenses is unknown at this time.
Policy Acquisition Costs: Policy acquisition costs are costs directly related to writing an insurance policy and include commissions, state premium taxes, underwriting personnel costs and expenses, sales and marketing costs and other underwriting expenses, less ceding commissions received from our reinsurers. Ceding commissions are amounts that reinsurers pay to us for placing reinsurance with them.
The following table summarizes policy acquisition costs (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Commission expense | | $ | 3,355 | | | $ | 3,986 | | | $ | 4,489 | |
Premium tax expense | | | 942 | | | | 1,153 | | | | 1,147 | |
Other policy acquisition costs | | | 2,944 | | | | 2,815 | | | | 2,769 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct policy acquisition costs | | | 7,241 | | | | 7,954 | | | | 8,405 | |
Ceding commission on excess of loss reinsurance | | | (2,081 | ) | | | (2,498 | ) | | | (2,360 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total policy acquisition costs | | $ | 5,160 | | | $ | 5,456 | | | $ | 6,045 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Under certain of our excess of loss reinsurance policies, the reinsurer returns a portion of the premiums we cede as ceding commissions to reimburse us for our cost of placing and managing policies. Ceding commissions received under excess of loss reinsurance policies totaled $2.1 million in 2006 compared to $2.5 million in 2005 and $2.4 million in 2004. These ceding commissions reduced our policy acquisition costs. Excluding the effect of ceding commissions, policy acquisition costs were $7.2 million in 2006, $8.0 million in 2005 and $8.4 million in 2004. As a percent of gross premiums earned, direct policy acquisition costs were 14.1% in 2006 compared to 13.3% in 2005 and 13.3% in 2004. The changes in 2006, 2005 and 2004 reflect the following:
| | |
| • | Gross premiums earned decreased in 2006 compared to 2005 resulting in a corresponding decrease in policy acquisition costs; |
|
| • | Commission expense decreased to 6.5% of gross premiums earned in 2006 from 6.7% in 2005 and 7.1% in 2004. The decreased commission rates are the result of the decrease in our new business, which we pay |
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| | |
| | higher commissions on, in 2006 relative to 2005 and 2004. In all of our markets, we believe the commission rates we pay are marketplace competitive; |
| | |
| • | Premium tax expense paid to states was 1.8% of gross premiums earned in 2006, 1.9% of gross premiums earned in 2005 and 1.8% of gross premiums earned in 2004; and |
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| •�� | Other policy acquisition costs consist of personnel and overhead costs, various state and regulatory assessments related to second injury funds and mandatory state pools, payroll audit vendor costs and the net effect of assigned risk plan activity in the states in which we operate. Other policy acquisition costs were affected by the following: (i) in 2006, we recorded a $325,000 increase in other policy acquisition costs reflecting a re-allocation of prior year mandatory reinsurance pool expenses, compared to a $169,000 increase recorded in 2005 and a $468,000 increase recorded in 2004; and (ii) a general change related to the increase or decrease in gross premiums earned. Excluding the mandatory pool re-allocation discussed above, other policy acquisition costs as a percentage of gross premiums earned were 5.1% in 2006, 4.4% in 2005 and 3.6% in 2004. |
2007 Outlook: We expect that policy acquisition costs in 2007 will be affected by the following:
| | |
| • | Our commission expense will continue to be affected by how much new business we write relative to renewal business as we pay higher commissions on new policies; |
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| • | Premium tax accrual rates will remain relatively constant at approximately 2.0% in 2007; and |
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| • | Other underwriting expenses will continue to be affected by pool reimbursements offset by pool disbursements, the effect of which is not known at this time. |
General and Administrative Expenses: Our general and administrative expenses include personnel costs, office rent, certain state administrative charges based on premiums and other costs and expenses not specific to claim and claim settlement expenses or policy acquisition costs. All costs associated with our service business are included in general and administrative expenses.
General and administrative expenses increased to $13.4 million in 2006 from $12.7 million in 2005 and $9.0 million in 2004. As a percent of total revenues, general and administrative expenses increased to 24.8% in 2006 from 21.5% in 2005 and 15.4% in 2004. Significant changes include:
| | |
| • | Service revenue increased to $5.9 million in 2006 from $4.4 million in 2005 and $633,000 in 2004. We added staff and other general and administrative expenses to deliver the services associated with this revenue and we have continued to build the infrastructure necessary to support our service revenue growth; |
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| • | No bonus expense was incurred in 2006 compared to $1.5 million in 2005 and $1.3 million in 2004; |
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| • | Bad debt expense was $144,000 in 2006 compared to $450,000 in 2005 and a benefit of $108,000 in 2004. 2005 was adversely affected by customer bankruptcies in our Michigan region; and |
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| • | Share-based compensation expense for 2006 was $388,000, due to adopting SFAS 123R, “Share-Based Payment,” a new accounting pronouncement requiring the expensing of stock-based compensation. There was no comparable charge recorded for 2005 or 2004. |
2007 Outlook: We expect that general and administrative expenses will be affected by the following:
| | |
| • | Growth in our service revenue will require staff additions and increase our general and administrative expense; |
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| • | We will make appropriate investments in infrastructure to position us for future growth of our service revenue and to continue to support and enhance our core insurance operations; |
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| • | Although we have no current plans to open additional offices in 2007, if growth opportunities warrant opening a new office, we will evaluate the opportunity as presented; and |
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| • | All expenses will continue to be aggressively managed and reduced where appropriate. |
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Income Taxes: We incur federal income taxes on our combined service organization (RTW and Absentia) operations and insurance operations (ACIC and BCIC). We incur state income taxes on the results of our service organization’s operations and incur premium taxes in lieu of state income taxes for our insurance operations. In certain instances, we may incur state income taxes on our insurance operations. Additionally, certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code adversely affect our taxable income by accelerating recognition and payment of income taxes. Adjustments to book income generating current tax liabilities include limitations on the deductibility of unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses, limitations on the deductibility of unearned premium reserves and limitations on deductions for bad debt reserves.
In assessing our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We consider recent operating results, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. At December 31, 2001, we established a $14.5 million valuation allowance (allowance) against deferred tax assets resulting in a corresponding increase in income tax expense. This allowance decreased by $7.9 million to $6.6 million at December 31, 2002 as a result of the income we earned in 2002 and federal tax refunds totaling $3.8 million resulting from a change in Federal tax law. This allowance was further decreased by $3.0 million in 2003 to $4.0 million as a result of the income we earned in 2003 and our analysis of projected taxable income. We eliminated the deferred tax valuation allowance and recorded a $4.0 million benefit to income taxes in 2004. Income tax expense for 2006 and 2005 does not include a benefit from reducing the valuation allowance since it was fully utilized in prior years. We expect our deferred tax assets at December 31, 2006 to be realized as a result of future income and the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences.
After adjusting for the valuation allowance benefit recorded in 2004, income tax expense was $1.9 million for 2006 compared to $4.1 million for 2005 and $2.2 million for 2004. As a percent of income before income taxes, the income tax expense before any benefit from reducing the allowance was 37.0% of the income before income taxes in 2006 compared to 40.5% in 2005 and 26.9% in 2004. The income tax expense percentages for 2006, 2005 and 2004 have been affected by: (i) our income from operations; (ii) changes in taxable net income from our insurance subsidiaries (ACIC and BCIC) which are generally subject to only federal income taxes; (iii) increases in net income from our service business which is subject to both federal and state income taxes; (iv) the amount of municipal bond income that we have earned; and (v) non-deductibility of certain share-based compensation expense.
2007 Outlook: Income tax expense will vary based on: (i) our results of operations; (ii) growth in our service business; (iii) the amount of tax-exempt income we earn; and (iv) the amount of non-deductible share-based compensation expense we incur. The ultimate change is unknown at this time.
INVESTMENTS
Our portfolio of fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2006 included U.S. government securities (53.6%), mortgage-backed securities (21.7%), municipal securities (16.3%), commercial paper (6.7%) and asset-backed securities (1.8%). Our portfolio is managed by an independent investment manager to maximize our after-tax net investment income without taking inappropriate credit risk. In 2005 and 2004, we sold certain securities within the portfolio to take advantage of favorable interest rates and realized net investment gains totaling $580,000 and $705,000, respectively. No securities were sold in 2006. We conservatively manage our fixed maturity portfolio, investing only in investment grade (BBB or better rating from Standard and Poor’s) securities of U.S. domiciled issuers. All securities in our portfolio were rated AAA, AA or A1+ at December 31, 2006. We do not invest in derivative securities.
Operating cash flows consist of the deficit or excess of premiums collected over claim and claim settlement expenses paid, reduced by payments for reinsurance premiums, as well as service revenue collected and other operating expenses paid. Investment cash flows consist of income on existing investments and proceeds from sales and maturities of investments. Our investment portfolio increased $3.8 million to $111.1 million at December 31, 2006 from $107.3 million at December 31, 2005. During 2005 and 2006, we began to invest a portion of our cash and cash equivalents into longer-maturing, fixed-rate securities to take advantage of rising interest rates. Cash and cash equivalents were $13.9 million at December 31, 2006 compared to $21.9 million at December 31, 2005.
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We record investments on our balance sheet at fair value, with the corresponding appreciation or depreciation from amortized cost recorded in shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes. Because value is based on the relationship between the portfolio’s stated yields and prevailing market yields at any given time, interest rate fluctuations can have a swift and significant impact on the carrying value of these securities. As a result of classifying our securities asavailable-for-sale, and thus carrying them at fair value, we expect to encounter adjustments in shareholders’ equity as market interest rates and other factors change. At December 31, 2006, we had a $1.7 million net unrealized loss on investments compared to a $1.8 million net unrealized loss at December 31, 2005.
REINSURANCE RECOVERABLES
We purchase reinsurance to protect our insurance results from potential losses in excess of the level we are willing to accept. We share the risks and benefits of the insurance we underwrite with reinsurers through reinsurance agreements. Our primary reinsurance is excess of loss coverage that limits our per-occurrence exposure.
Under an excess of loss reinsurance policy, we pay a reinsurer a negotiated percentage of gross premiums earned. In return, the reinsurer assumes all risks relating to losses over a specific dollar amount on a per occurrence basis. We are required to purchase excess of loss coverage for our Minnesota policies from the Minnesota Workers’ Compensation Reinsurance Association (WCRA). In states other than Minnesota, we purchase excess of loss coverage through private reinsurers.
We review our reinsurance program annually and consider the following factors in structuring our program each year: (i) individual state requirements, including mandatory reinsurance pools; (ii) our tolerance for adverse volatility in our results; (iii) our tolerance for catastrophic losses, which affects our limits of reinsurance that we purchase; and (iv) the relative cost of the reinsurance coverage to our expected cost of claims. We have maintained the same lower limit attachment point of $200,000 since 2003. Our ability to retain and maintain reinsurance coverage outside of Minnesota is dependent upon reinsurance market conditions.
We regularly monitor and review the financial condition and stability of our reinsurers. This review includes a ratings analysis for each reinsurer participating in an existing reinsurance contract or from whom we have a recoverable. We do not require collateral from reinsurers authorized to do business in Minnesota. Max Re Ltd. is the only non-authorized reinsurer. The following details our reinsurance recoverables at December 31, 2006 (in 000’s) and the current A.M. Best rating assigned to each as of March 3, 2007:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Reinsurance recoverable on: | |
| | A.M. Best
| | | Unpaid claim and claim
| | | Paid claim and claim
| |
Reinsurer | | Rating | | | settlement expenses(5) | | | settlement expenses | |
|
Aspen Insurance UK Ltd | | | A | | | $ | 1,404 | | | $ | — | |
Continental Casualty Company | | | A | | | | 294 | | | | — | |
Everest Reinsurance Company | | | A+ | | | | 885 | | | | 15 | |
General Reinsurance Corporation(1) | | | A++ | | | | 26,471 | | | | 239 | |
Max Re Ltd(1)(2) | | | A- | | | | 3,857 | | | | — | |
Minnesota WCRA(1)(3) | | | Not rated | | | | 23,062 | | | | 333 | |
Munich Re America Corporation | | | A | | | | 2,653 | | | | — | |
Platinum Underwriters Reinsurance, Inc. | | | A | | | | 885 | | | | 15 | |
SCOR Reinsurance Company | | | B++ | | | | 294 | | | | — | |
Swiss Reinsurance America(1)(4) | | | A+ | | | | 16,775 | | | | 165 | |
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company | | | A+ | | | | 588 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | $ | 77,168 | | | $ | 767 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Current reinsurer for 2007 |
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(2) | | Max Re, Ltd, a Bermuda-based reinsurer, collateralized unpaid amounts ceded to it with a $3.9 million irrevocable letter of credit that we can draw upon if necessary. |
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| | |
(3) | | The Minnesota WCRA is a mandatory reinsurer for business underwritten in Minnesota. It is not rated by A.M. Best. The WCRA has the ability to assess members for cash shortfalls. |
|
(4) | | Swiss Re (parent of Swiss Reinsurance America, A.M. Best rating A+) acquired GE Reinsurance in June 2006. |
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(5) | | Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses can be very long-term in nature, extending for decades. |
Based on our review and analysis at December 31, 2006, we believe our reinsurance balances are collectible and expect our reinsurers to honor their obligations. Further, we are not aware of any developments with respect to these reinsurers that would result in uncollectible reinsurance balances. In the event that these reinsurers are unable to honor their obligations to us due to insolvency or otherwise, we will be required to pay these obligations ourselves and the result could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition.
We pay or accrue reinsurance premiums in the current year, reducing our current year revenue. We also cede the losses associated with these reinsurance agreements during the current year, reducing our claim and claim settlement expenses. We also receive ceding commissions, which reduce policy acquisition costs. Recoveries of claim payments associated with these treaties occur in future periods over the life of the underlying claim. Changes to the estimated recoverables, based on new information, are recorded when they become known. These changes do not affect our earnings since they involve a change in our gross estimated reserves offset by a corresponding change in our ceded reserves or recoverables. The following table summarizes the effect of our reinsurance activities on our Consolidated Statements of Income and our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Consolidated Statement of Income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ceded premiums | | $ | (8,761 | ) | | $ | (10,452 | ) | | $ | (9,688 | ) |
Ceded losses | | | (1,187 | ) | | | 9,898 | | | | 13,373 | |
Ceding commissions | | | 2,081 | | | | 2,498 | | | | 2,360 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reinsurance effect on income before income taxes | | | (7,867 | ) | | | 1,944 | | | | 6,045 | |
Income taxes expense (benefit) at statutory rate | | | (2,675 | ) | | | 661 | | | | 2,055 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income effect of reinsurance transactions | | $ | (5,192 | ) | | $ | 1,283 | | | $ | 3,990 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income effect of reinsurance transactions | | $ | (5,192 | ) | | $ | 1,283 | | | $ | 3,990 | |
Change in reinsurance recoverables | | | 6,134 | | | | (4,946 | ) | | | (6,803 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating cash flow effect of reinsurance transactions | | $ | 942 | | | $ | (3,663 | ) | | $ | (2,813 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
UNPAID CLAIM AND CLAIM SETTLEMENT EXPENSES
Unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses relate solely to our insurance operations. Our Absentia division and service business do not bear claim risk for its customers and carry no unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses.
At December 31, 2006, net reserves totaled $75.2 million and included the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses of $152.3 million net of reinsurance recoverables on unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses of $77.1 million. The net reserve at December 31, 2005 totaled $76.8 million and included the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses totaling $160.1 million net of reinsurance recoverables on unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses of $83.3 million.
Accounting for workers’ compensation insurance operations requires us to estimate the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses (reserves) and the related reinsurance recoverables, (together, the “net reserves”) at each balance sheet date. Our reserves at December 31, 2006 represent the estimated total unpaid cost of claim and claim settlement expenses that cover events that occurred in 2006 and prior years. These reserves reflect our estimates of the total costs of claims that were reported to us, but not yet paid, and the cost of claims that had occurred but had not yet been reported to us. For reported claims, we establish case reserves. For workers’
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compensation coverage, case reserves alone are an insufficient measure of the ultimate cost due in part to the nature of the settlement process, the potential for protracted litigation, the ongoing effect of inflation over the long period which medical care will be provided, the potential for workers’ compensation claims to close and subsequently reopen and the incompleteness of facts available at the time the case reserve is established. We establish additional incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves by first projecting ultimate claim and claim settlement expenses for all claims as determined by using recognized standard loss development methods and techniques. The difference between our projected ultimate cost of claim and claim settlement expenses, reduced by payments, and case-basis reserves is IBNR. IBNR reserves reflect our estimated cost of claims that have not been reported to us and our estimate of the cost of claims that have been reported to us but where the remaining case reserves may be insufficient to cover the remaining cost of the claim and related claim settlement expenses.
The amount by which estimated net reserves, measured subsequently by reference to payments and additional estimates, differ from those originally reported for a period is known as “development.” Development is unfavorable (deficient) when losses ultimately settle for more than the levels at which they were reserved or subsequent estimates indicate a basis for reserve increases on open claims. Development is favorable (redundant) when losses ultimately settle for less than the amount reserved or subsequent estimates indicate a basis for reducing loss reserves on open claims. Favorable or unfavorable development of loss reserves is reflected in earnings in the period realized.
The level of reserves we maintain represents our best estimate, as of a particular point in time, of the ultimate cost of settlement and administration of claims based on our assessment of facts and circumstances known at that time. Workers’ compensation claims can remain open for many years. Claims that are open and claims that re-open will continue to evolve and change based on new information. It can be decades before all claims related to an accident year are reported and settled. Industry experience in the more recent accident years of long-tailed casualty lines, including workers’ compensation, shows limited statistical credibility because a relatively low proportion of ultimate claim and claim settlement expenses will be known and an even smaller portion will have been paid.
Reserves are not an exact calculation of liability, but instead are complex estimates that we derive from historical data and our expectations about future events, both internal and external, many of which are highly uncertain. There are two significant assumptions in determining our loss reserves. First, we assume that ultimate losses are determinable by extrapolating claim emergence and settlement patterns observed in the past that can reasonably be expected to persist into the future. This assumption implies that historical claim reporting, handling and settlement patterns may predict future activity and can be used to forecast ultimate liabilities on unpaid and unreported claims. Since the many factors that influence claim activity can change over time and are often difficult to isolate or quantify, the rate at which claims arose in the past and the costs to settle them may not always be representative of what will occur in the future. Our objectives in developing estimates of ultimate losses are to identify aberrations and systemic changes occurring within historical experience and to adjust for them so that the future can be projected reliably.
Our second significant assumption assumes that ultimate loss ratios (ultimate losses divided by earned premiums) in the current and more recent accident years can be projected from ultimate loss ratios of prior years after adjusting for factors including trends and pricing changes, to the extent that those factors can be quantified. This assumption implies consistency in the loss ratio, after adjusting for inflationary factors and other trends that may be affecting losses or premiums. We use various diagnostic tools and maintain close communication among our actuarial, claims and underwriting departments to continually monitor and assess the validity of these assumptions.
Both internal and independent external actuaries review our reserves for adequacy. These actuaries estimate and evaluate unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses using recognized standard loss development methods and techniques. We conduct internal reserve studies each year at May 31st, August 31st and November 30th. The November 30th study forms the basis for our year-end analysis. We engage external actuaries to complete their study at year-end. The external study is completed for statutory compliance and to provide management with a second independent actuarial determination of gross and net reserves. Both internal and external actuaries estimate reserves based on aground-up approach. Case reserve, payment and claim count data is classified into segments (reserve cells), primarily based on accident year (currently 15), region (up to 5) and type of liability (medical, indemnity and settlement expenses) and analyzed over time. These aggregations are called loss triangles and are the
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primary basis for the projected ultimate cost of claim and claim settlement expenses. Reserve cells are reviewed using one or more of the following actuarial methods:
| | |
| • | Incurred Loss Development Method. The incurred loss development method is based on the assumption that the relative change in a given year’s reported loss estimates from one evaluation point to the next is similar to the relative change in prior years’ reported loss estimates at similar evaluation points. This method evaluates actual historical loss data. Successive years can be arranged to form a triangle of data.Report-to-report (RTR) development factors are calculated to measure the change in cumulative reported costs from one evaluation point to the next. These historical RTR factors and comparable industry benchmark factors form the basis for selecting the RTR factors used in projecting the current valuation of losses to an ultimate basis. In addition, a tail factor is selected to account for loss development beyond the observed experience. The tail factor is based on trends shown in the data and consideration of external benchmarks. The incurred loss development method’s implicit assumption is that the relative adequacy of case reserves has been consistent over time, and that there have been no material changes in the rate at which claims have been reported; |
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| • | Paid Loss Development Method. The paid loss development method is similar to the incurred loss development method, but excludes case reserves in the analysis. While this method has the disadvantage of not recognizing information provided by current case reserves, it has the advantage of avoiding potential distortions in the data due to changes in case reserving methodology. This method’s implicit assumption is that the rate of payment of claims has been relatively consistent over time; |
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| • | Average Claim Cost Method. The average claim cost (or frequency/severity) method calculates ultimate losses by separately projecting ultimate claim frequency (claims per exposure) and ultimate claim severity (cost per claim) for each accident period. Typically, the incurred and paid loss development methods are used to project ultimate frequency and severity based on historical data and ultimate losses are calculated as the product of the two. The average claim cost method is intended to avoid distortions that may exist with the other methods for the most recent years as the result of changes in case reserve levels, settlement rates or other factors for prior years. In addition, this method may provide insight into the drivers of the loss experience; |
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| • | Average Hindsight Outstanding Method. The average hindsight outstanding method estimates of ultimate losses for more mature accident years are used to estimate what the average cost per outstanding and IBNR claim would have been at various maturities, if the ultimate cost had been known. The average hindsight outstanding method is an iterative process. |
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| • | Loss Ratio Method. The loss ratio method assumes a loss ratio is appropriate for a particular accident year, and multiplies this selected loss ratio by the earned premiums for that accident year in order to obtain an estimate of ultimate losses. The loss ratio selected for any accident year is based upon older accident years, which are adjusted to conditions for the current accident year. |
Our internal and external actuaries give different consideration to the results of these methods based on the accident year being reviewed and the type of data. For more mature or older accident years, our actuaries generally use a combination of the incurred development, paid development and average claim cost methods. For less mature or more recent accident years, excluding the current accident year, the incurred development method is relied upon more heavily, the paid development method is relied upon less heavily (because of the high leverage due to the magnitude of the development factors) with some consideration given to the average claim cost method and average hindsight outstanding. For the current accident year, our actuaries rely more on the incurred development method, the average hindsight outstanding method and the average claim cost method, as the paid development method is extremely leveraged at that point and is given very little weight. In addition for the current accident year, the resulting loss ratio is compared with the loss ratios for the more recent years (adjusted for trend, benefits and rate changes to current accident year conditions) for reasonableness, as these loss ratios factor into the actuary’s selections. The loss ratio method is relied upon more for the current accident year for the May and the August studies and is less important for the November study as the estimates from the other methods become more reliable as the current accident year matures. In general, methods other than the loss ratio method are relied upon more for reserve cells that have greater history and greater amounts of data. In general, loss development factors are much
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larger for indemnity costs and settlement expenses than medical costs. Our actuaries will take into consideration the inherent leverage of larger development factors in forming their judgments concerning ultimate claim and claim settlement expense values.
Loss triangles are used to determine the expected case loss emergence. In general, loss development factors are selected by a retrospective analysis of the overall adequacy of historical case reserves. The determination of the expected loss emergence pattern is not strictly a mechanical process. Factors affecting loss development patterns include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) trends in general economic conditions, including the effects of medical and wage inflation; (ii) estimates of trends in claims frequency and severity; (iii) our and industry historical loss experience; (iv) legislative enactments, legal developments and changes in social and political attitudes; (v) the lag time between the occurrence of an insured event and the time it is ultimately settled, referred to in the insurance industry as the “tail”; (vi) changes in how we adjudicate claims; (vii) changes in our personnel; (viii) unanticipated claim development; and (ix) statistical variability. These items influence the selection of the expected loss emergence patterns. Many of these items are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. There is no precise method for subsequently evaluating the effect of any specific factor on the adequacy of reserves because the eventual redundancy or deficiency is affected by many factors. Due to our commencing operations in 1992, we have limited historical data to estimate our reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses and reinsurance recoverables on unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses. Accordingly, we supplement our experience with external industry data related to loss development patterns and large losses, as adjusted, to reflect anticipated differences between our results and the industry.
Expected ultimate claim and claim settlement expenses are judgmentally determined by reserve cell based upon reviewing the selected loss emergence pattern. If the selected emergence pattern is not accurate, then the indicated ultimate claim and claim settlement expenses will not be correct. The expected loss emergence patterns are critical judgments and are updated with each reserve study. Once the year-end IBNR reserves are determined, our actuary calculates the expected case loss emergence and the expected claim payment activity for the upcoming calendar year. This calculation does not involve new judgments and uses the prior year-end expected loss emergence patterns. The expected losses are then allocated into interim estimates that are compared to actual reported claim and claim settlement case reserves and payments in the subsequent year. This comparison provides a test of the adequacy of prior year-end IBNR reserves and forms the basis for recognizing any reserve development during the course of the year.
The reserve analyses performed by the internal and external actuaries result in point estimates. We use these point estimates and other internal and external factors in determining carried reserves. These factors include, but are not limited to the historical pattern and volatility of the actuarial indications, the sensitivity of the actuarial indications to changes in paid and incurred loss patterns, the consistency of claims handling processes, the consistency of claim reserving practices, changes in our pricing and underwriting and overall pricing and underwriting trends in our markets. There is no standard checklist or formula that is or can be applied to each situation. We recorded net reserves approximately 3%, 7% and 8% in excess of the external actuary’s statutory point estimates, adjusted to GAAP, at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. At December 31, 2006 we established net reserves in excess of the external actuary’s point estimate due to: (i) the significant adverse development experienced during 2000 and 2001; (ii) the significant volatility experienced in our reserves during the last 5 and 10 year periods; and (iii) the overall net deficiency shown in our reserves over a 10 year period offset by net redundancy achieved during the last 5 years. At December 31, 2005 we established net reserves in excess of the external actuary’s point estimate due to: (i) the significant adverse development experienced during 1998, 2000 and 2001; (ii) the significant volatility experienced in our reserves during the last 5 and 10 year periods; and (iii) the overall net deficiency shown in our reserves over a 10 year period. At December 31, 2004 we established net reserves in excess of the external actuary’s point estimate due to: (i) the significant adverse development experienced during 1998, 2000 and 2001; (ii) the significant volatility experienced in our reserves during the last 5 and 10 year periods; and (iii) the overall net deficiency shown in our reserves over a 10 year period. Our reserve patterns are showing greater stability, the amount of our history is increasing and the amount of data available is increasing. At December 31, 2006, we placed greater reliance on the external actuary’s point estimate of our overall net reserve liability. If the reserve patterns continue their trend of stabilizing, and no other significant internal or external factors emerge in the near future, we expect to place greater reliance on the actuarial point
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estimates in determining our net reserves. As a result, we would expect net reserves to continue to trend towards the actuarial point estimates in the near future. Though not anticipated at present, significant factors that could influence this trend include, but are not limited to: a significant change in the composition of our business, significant changes in the geographic distribution of our business; significant legislation affecting workers compensation coverage; or significant changes in claim emergence patterns. See the discussion concerning volatility later in this section.
Our reserves are primarily undiscounted; however, we discounted reserves for selected claims that have fixed and determinable future payments at 4% in 2006, 2005 and 2004. The discount rates are subject to change as market interest rates change. We also reduce the unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses for estimated amounts of subrogation.
We continually monitor loss development trends and data to determine reasonable reserve estimates. Reserves are based on estimates that are inherently uncertain and represent a significant risk to the business. We attempt to mitigate this risk by continually improving and refining our workers’ compensation claims processing practices and by continual monitoring through actuarial estimation methods.
After taking into account all relevant factors, we believe our reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses and reinsurance recoverables on unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses at December 31, 2006 are adequate to cover the ultimate net costs of claim and claim settlement expenses at that date. The ultimate cost of claim and claim settlement expenses may differ materially from the established reserves, particularly when claims may not be settled for many years. Establishing appropriate reserves is an inherently uncertain process and there can be no certainty that currently established reserves will prove adequate in light of subsequent actual experience. See Notes 1 and 5 in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. The following two tables reconcile the beginning and ending insurance reserves, displayed individually for each of the last three years.
The following table sets forth reserves on a gross (before reinsurance) basis (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Gross Reserves for Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross reserves for claim and claim settlement expenses, beginning of year | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 156,123 | | | $ | 150,044 | |
Provision increases (decreases) for claim and claim settlement expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 38,437 | | | | 43,936 | | | | 53,563 | |
Prior years | | | (9,490 | ) | | | (3,231 | ) | | | (4,654 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total provision | | | 28,947 | | | | 40,705 | | | | 48,909 | |
Payments for claim and claim settlement expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 12,188 | | | | 11,748 | | | | 12,666 | |
Prior years | | | 24,573 | | | | 24,939 | | | | 30,164 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | 36,761 | | | | 36,687 | | | | 42,830 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross reserves for claim and claim settlement expenses, end of year | | $ | 152,327 | | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 156,123 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following table sets forth reserves on a net (after reinsurance) basis (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Net Reserves for Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net reserves for claim and claim settlement expenses, beginning of year | | $ | 76,823 | | | $ | 78,401 | | | $ | 78,578 | |
Plus: Deferred retroactive reinsurance gain, beginning of year | | | 49 | | | | 49 | | | | 49 | |
Provision increases (decreases) for claim and claim settlement expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 31,933 | | | | 36,264 | | | | 42,583 | |
Prior years | | | (1,799 | ) | | | (5,457 | ) | | | (7,047 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total provision | | | 30,134 | | | | 30,807 | | | | 35,536 | |
Payments for claim and claim settlement expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 11,847 | | | | 11,748 | | | | 12,666 | |
Prior years | | | 19,951 | | | | 20,637 | | | | 23,047 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | 31,798 | | | | 32,385 | | | | 35,713 | |
Less: Deferred retroactive reinsurance gain, end of year | | | (49 | ) | | | (49 | ) | | | (49 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net reserves for claim and claim settlement expenses, end of year | | $ | 75,159 | | | $ | 76,823 | | | $ | 78,401 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following gross loss reserve development table sets forth the change, over time, of gross reserves established for claim and claim settlement expenses at the end of the last ten years. The table is cumulative and, therefore, ending balances should not be added since the amount at the end of each calendar year includes activity for both current and prior years (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, (000’s) | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | | 2000 | | | 1999 | | | 1998 | | | 1997 | | | 1996 | | | | |
|
Loss Reserve Development: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses | | $ | 152,327 | | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 156,123 | | | $ | 150,044 | | | $ | 181,262 | | | $ | 181,310 | | | $ | 128,841 | | | $ | 99,831 | | | $ | 97,269 | | | $ | 61,069 | | | $ | 49,256 | | | | | |
Paid (cumulative) as of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One year later | | | | | | $ | 24,537 | | | $ | 24,937 | | | $ | 30,164 | | | $ | 41,072 | | | $ | 46,043 | | | $ | 49,241 | | | $ | 45,933 | | | $ | 37,062 | | | $ | 28,315 | | | $ | 20,529 | | | | | |
Two years later | | | | | | | | | | | 40,175 | | | | 43,436 | | | | 61,363 | | | | 17,086 | | | | 74,681 | | | | 67,442 | | | | 56,031 | | | | 42,889 | | | | 29,841 | | | | | |
Three years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 53,793 | | | | 71,132 | | | | 86,710 | | | | 90,484 | | | | 78,244 | | | | 65,664 | | | | 50,558 | | | | 35,370 | | | | | |
Four years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 79,517 | | | | 93,348 | | | | 98,689 | | | | 85,754 | | | | 70,631 | | | | 54,835 | | | | 38,880 | | | | | |
Five years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 100,138 | | | | 103,391 | | | | 89,956 | | | | 73,979 | | | | 57,261 | | | | 41,029 | | | | | |
Six years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 108,649 | | | | 93,045 | | | | 76,311 | | | | 59,012 | | | | 41,980 | | | | | |
Seven years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 96,319 | | | | 78,476 | | | | 60,352 | | | | 42,728 | | | | | |
Eight years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 80,541 | | | | 61,637 | | | | 43,511 | | | | | |
Nine years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 63,079 | | | | 44,208 | | | | | |
Ten years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 45,086 | | | | | |
Reserves re-estimated as of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
End of year | | $ | 152,327 | | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 156,123 | | | $ | 150,044 | | | $ | 181,262 | | | $ | 181,310 | | | $ | 128,841 | | | $ | 99,831 | | | $ | 97,269 | | | $ | 61,069 | | | $ | 49,256 | | | | | |
One year later | | | | | | | 150,651 | | | | 152,892 | | | | 145,389 | | | | 159,415 | | | | 183,923 | | | | 160,065 | | | | 118,205 | | | | 85,384 | | | | 72,443 | | | | 44,862 | | | | | |
Two years later | | | | | | | | | | | 146,434 | | | | 147,117 | | | | 160,147 | | | | 166,738 | | | | 168,222 | | | | 130,120 | | | | 95,696 | | | | 64,499 | | | | 48,233 | | | | | |
Three years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 143,210 | | | | 163,724 | | | | 168,892 | | | | 157,251 | | | | 137,002 | | | | 101,893 | | | | 73,031 | | | | 44,587 | | | | | |
Four years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 161,044 | | | | 174,451 | | | | 161,905 | | | | 129,819 | | | | 107,522 | | | | 75,554 | | | | 50,552 | | | | | |
Five years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 173,012 | | | | 168,190 | | | | 132,813 | | | | 103,064 | | | | 79,398 | | | | 52,063 | | | | | |
Six years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 167,604 | | | | 138,782 | | | | 105,705 | | | | 76,610 | | | | 54,327 | | | | | |
Seven years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 139,732 | | | | 110,136 | | | | 77,921 | | | | 53,047 | | | | | |
Eight years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 111,644 | | | | 80,855 | | | | 54,250 | | | | | |
Nine years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 82,589 | | | | 55,491 | | | | | |
Ten years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 56,558 | | | | | |
Initial reserves in excess of (less than) re-estimated reserves | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount | | | | | | $ | 9,490 | | | $ | 9,689 | | | $ | 6,834 | | | $ | 20,218 | | | $ | 8,298 | | | $ | (38,763 | ) | | $ | (39,901 | ) | | $ | (14,375 | ) | | $ | (21,520 | ) | | $ | (7,302 | ) | | | | |
Percent | | | | | | | 5.9 | % | | | 6.2 | % | | | 4.6 | % | | | 11.2 | % | | | 4.6 | % | | | (30.1 | )% | | | (40.0 | )% | | | (14.8 | )% | | | (35.2 | )% | | | (14.8 | )% | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The table above represents the development of balance sheet gross reserves for 1996 through 2006. The upper portion of the table shows the cumulative amount paid with respect to the previously recorded reserves as of the end of each succeeding year. The lower portion of the table shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded gross reserves, based on experience as of the end of each succeeding year. The estimate is either increased or decreased as more information becomes known about the frequency and severity of claims for individual years.
The “initial reserves in excess of (less than) re-estimated reserves” (Amount and Percent rows) represent the aggregate change in the estimates over all prior years. For example, the 1999 reserve developed a $39.9 million net deficiency over the course of the succeeding years.
In evaluating this information, it should be noted that each amount includes the total of all changes in amounts for prior periods. For example, the amount of redundancy (deficiency) to losses settled in 2002, but incurred in 1999, is included in the cumulative redundancy (deficiency) amounts in 1999, 2000 and 2001. This table does not present accident or policy year development data, which certain readers may be more accustomed to analyzing. Conditions and trends that have affected development of the reserves in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it may not be appropriate to extrapolate redundancies or deficiencies based on this table.
The following net loss reserve development table sets forth the change, over time, of net reserves established for claim and claim settlement expenses at the end of the last ten years. The table is cumulative and, therefore, ending balances should not be added since the amount at the end of each calendar year includes activity for both current and prior years (000’s):
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| | December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | | 2000 | | | 1999 | | | 1998 | | | 1997 | | | 1996 | |
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Loss Reserve Development: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses | | $ | 152,237 | | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 156,123 | | | $ | 150,044 | | | $ | 181,262 | | | $ | 181,310 | | | $ | 128,841 | | | $ | 99,831 | | | $ | 97,269 | | | $ | 61,069 | | | $ | 49,256 | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 77,168 | | | | 83,318 | | | | 77,722 | | | | 71,466 | | | | 91,822 | | | | 90,115 | | | | 61,845 | | | | 41,179 | | | | 21,403 | | | | 5,374 | | | | 6,183 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses | | $ | 75,159 | | | $ | 76,823 | | | $ | 78,401 | | | $ | 78,578 | | | $ | 89,440 | | | $ | 91,195 | | | $ | 66,996 | | | $ | 58,652 | | | $ | 75,866 | | | $ | 55,695 | | | $ | 43,073 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Paid (cumulative) as of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
One year later | | | | | | $ | 19,951 | | | $ | 20,637 | | | $ | 23,047 | | | $ | 27,357 | | | $ | 30,285 | | | $ | 32,028 | | | $ | 35,932 | | | $ | 34,380 | | | $ | 27,737 | | | $ | 19,439 | |
Two years later | | | | | | | | | | | 31,253 | | | | 32,068 | | | | 40,956 | | | | 43,825 | | | | 43,823 | | | | 48,069 | | | | 49,958 | | | | 42,046 | | | | 28,173 | |
Three years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 38,067 | | | | 46,673 | | | | 50,871 | | | | 49,531 | | | | 54,360 | | | | 56,376 | | | | 49,671 | | | | 33,438 | |
Four years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 50,913 | | | | 54,078 | | | | 53,130 | | | | 58,113 | | | | 60,453 | | | | 53,814 | | | | 36,904 | |
Five years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 56,807 | | | | 55,342 | | | | 60,690 | | | | 63,278 | | | | 56,140 | | | | 38,919 | |
Six years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 57,369 | | | | 62,465 | | | | 65,347 | | | | 57,903 | | | | 39,770 | |
Seven years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 64,175 | | | | 66,674 | | | | 59,219 | | | | 40,530 | |
Eight years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 68,347 | | | | 60,442 | | | | 41,289 | |
Nine years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 61,475 | | | | 41,924 | |
Ten years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 42,393 | |
Reserves re-estimated as of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
End of year | | $ | 75,159 | | | $ | 76,823 | | | $ | 78,401 | | | $ | 78,578 | | | $ | 89,440 | | | $ | 91,195 | | | $ | 66,996 | | | $ | 58,652 | | | $ | 75,866 | | | $ | 55,695 | | | $ | 43,073 | |
One year later | | | | | | | 75,024 | | | | 72,944 | | | | 71,531 | | | | 82,742 | | | | 82,839 | | | | 74,727 | | | | 74,181 | | | | 67,753 | | | | 66,674 | | | | 39,988 | |
Two years later | | | | | | | | | | | 71,947 | | | | 69,831 | | | | 78,482 | | | | 76,545 | | | | 71,202 | | | | 76,502 | | | | 77,205 | | | | 61,075 | | | | 43,484 | |
Three years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 70,049 | | | | 78,037 | | | | 77,055 | | | | 71,911 | | | | 75,321 | | | | 78,391 | | | | 68,065 | | | | 41,451 | |
Four years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 78,474 | | | | 78,054 | | | | 71,177 | | | | 77,443 | | | | 78,772 | | | | 69,474 | | | | 45,959 | |
Five years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 78,735 | | | | 73,660 | | | | 75,588 | | | | 80,522 | | | | 69,595 | | | | 47,147 | |
Six years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 74,652 | | | | 79,204 | | | | 78,878 | | | | 69,926 | | | | 47,126 | |
Seven years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 80,482 | | | | 82,676 | | | | 69,095 | | | | 46,969 | |
Eight years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 83,879 | | | | 71,540 | | | | 47,039 | |
Nine years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 74,098 | | | | 48,288 | |
Ten years later | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 48,977 | |
Initial reserves in excess of (less than) re-estimated reserves | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amount | | | | | | $ | 1,799 | | | $ | 6,454 | | | $ | 8,529 | | | $ | 10,966 | | | $ | 12,460 | | | $ | (7,656 | ) | | $ | (21,830 | ) | | $ | (8,013 | ) | | $ | (18,403 | ) | | $ | (5,904 | ) |
Percent | | | | | | | 2.3 | % | | | 8.2 | % | | | 10.9 | % | | | 12.3 | % | | | 13.7 | % | | | (11.4 | )% | | | (37.2 | )% | | | (10.6 | )% | | | (33.0 | )% | | | (13.7 | )% |
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The table above represents the development of balance sheet net reserves for 1996 through 2006. The top three rows of the table reconcile gross reserves to net reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses recorded at the balance sheet date for each of the indicated years.
The upper portion of the table shows the cumulative amount paid with respect to the previously recorded reserves as of the end of each succeeding year.
The lower portion of the table shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded net reserves, based on experience as of the end of each succeeding year. The estimate is either increased or decreased as more information becomes known about the frequency and severity of claims for individual years. For example, for the 2000 calendar year valued as of December 31, 2006, we paid $57.4 million of the currently estimated $74.7 million of claim and claim settlement expenses that were incurred through the end of 2000. Thus, the difference, an estimated $18.3 million of claim and claim settlement expenses incurred through 2000, remained unpaid as of December 31, 2006.
The “initial reserves in excess of (less than) re-estimated reserves” (Amount and Percent rows) represent the aggregate change in the estimates over all prior years. For example, the 2000 reserve developed a $7.7 million net deficiency over the course of the succeeding years. The net amount has been included in income and the changes have been recorded in the period identified. The cumulative net deficiencies in 2000 and 1999 are the result of reserve development inherent in the uncertainty in establishing reserves and anticipated loss trends. As discussed above, due to our relatively limited historical claim data and small claim population, our estimate of the liability for net reserves is difficult and volatile. As discussed further below, the reserve redundancy in 2001 is the result of accrual reversals resulting from changes in methods of assessing second injury funds, lower frequency in claims reported from the estimate at December 31, 2001, and reductions in amounts expected to be incurred for our participation in mandatory state and national assigned risk pools.
In evaluating this information, it should be noted that each amount includes the total of all changes in amounts for prior periods. For example, the amount of redundancy to losses settled in 2002, but incurred in 1999, will be included in the cumulative redundancy (deficiency) amounts in 1999, 2000, and 2001. This table does not present accident or policy year development data, which certain readers may be more accustomed to analyzing. Conditions and trends that have affected development of the reserves in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it may not be appropriate to extrapolate redundancies or deficiencies based on this table.
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The following table is derived from the net loss reserve development table and summarizes the effect of reserve re-estimates, net of reinsurance, on calendar year operations for the same ten-year period ended December 31, 2006. The total of each column details the amount of reserve re-estimates made in the indicated calendar year and shows the accident years to which the re-estimates are applicable. The amounts in the total accident year column represent the cumulative reserve re-estimate (increase) decrease for the indicated accident year (000’s):
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cumulative
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Re-estimates
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | for each
| |
| | Effect of Reserve Re-estimates on Calendar Year Operations: | | | Accident
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | | 2000 | | | 1999 | | | 1998 | | | Pre-1998 | | | Year | |
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Accident Year: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1992 | | $ | 10 | | | $ | (21 | ) | | $ | 25 | | | $ | (30 | ) | | $ | 2 | | | $ | (6 | ) | | $ | (19 | ) | | $ | 38 | | | $ | (15 | ) | | $ | (147 | ) | | $ | (163 | ) |
1993 | | | (64 | ) | | | 12 | | | | (98 | ) | | | 14 | | | | 261 | | | | (706 | ) | | | (160 | ) | | | 7 | | | | (96 | ) | | | 699 | | | | (131 | ) |
1994 | | | (369 | ) | | | 3 | | | | (174 | ) | | | (77 | ) | | | 178 | | | | (633 | ) | | | (459 | ) | | | (68 | ) | | | (574 | ) | | | 4,356 | | | | 2,183 | |
1995 | | | (38 | ) | | | (217 | ) | | | (138 | ) | | | 139 | | | | (261 | ) | | | 31 | | | | (1,227 | ) | | | 430 | | | | (642 | ) | | | 6,552 | | | | 4,629 | |
1996 | | | (228 | ) | | | (1,026 | ) | | | 315 | | | | 111 | | | | (159 | ) | | | 126 | | | | (2,643 | ) | | | 1,626 | | | | (2,169 | ) | | | 803 | | | | (3,244 | ) |
1997 | | | (1,869 | ) | | | (1,196 | ) | | | 901 | | | | (488 | ) | | | (142 | ) | | | (221 | ) | | | (2,482 | ) | | | 3,566 | | | | (7,483 | ) | | | | | | | (9,414 | ) |
1998 | | | 1,355 | | | | (1,353 | ) | | | 813 | | | | (1,419 | ) | | | (320 | ) | | | 283 | | | | (2,462 | ) | | | 2,514 | | | | | | | | | | | | (589 | ) |
1999 | | | (75 | ) | | | 182 | | | | 211 | | | | (372 | ) | | | 1,622 | | | | (1,195 | ) | | | (6,077 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (5,704 | ) |
2000 | | | 286 | | | | 1,133 | | | | (1,121 | ) | | | 1,413 | | | | 2,344 | | | | (5,410 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (1,355 | ) |
2001 | | | 311 | | | | 1,484 | | | | 1,756 | | | | 4,003 | | | | 4,831 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 12,385 | |
2002 | | | 244 | | | | 1,444 | | | | 1,770 | | | | 3,404 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,862 | |
2003 | | | 219 | | | | 1,255 | | | | 2,787 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,261 | |
2004 | | | 1,215 | | | | 3,757 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4,972 | |
2005 | | | 802 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 802 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,799 | | | $ | 5,457 | | | $ | 7,047 | | | $ | 6,698 | | | $ | 8,356 | | | $ | (7,731 | ) | | $ | (15,529 | ) | | $ | 8,113 | | | $ | (10,979 | ) | | $ | 12,263 | | | $ | 15,494 | |
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Volatility in net carried loss reserves: It is inherent in a long-tailed line of business that current year estimates of ultimate liability for claim and claim settlement expenses will differ from prior estimates, sometimes materially. Volatility in our estimates can be viewed on a retrospective basis (that is, what changes have occurred) and a prospective basis (what could occur). The primary characteristics influencing the level of volatility are the length of the claim settlement period, the potential for changes in medical, wage and other claim costs, changes in the level of litigation or other dispute resolution processes, the potential for different types of injuries emerging and changes in the legal environment.
Our basic assumptions that: (i) ultimate losses are determinable by extrapolating claim emergence and settlement patterns observed in the past; and (ii) that ultimate loss ratios in the current and more recent accident years can be projected from ultimate loss ratios of prior years have not changed during the periods being reported. Our data inputs into the actuarial methods have consistently been incurred claim dollars, paid claim dollars and claim counts.
The actuarial methodologies used have been consistent during the periods reported. The volatility that we have incurred is a direct result of the data emergence patterns being different than what was actuarially expected. New actuarial judgments are made at each evaluation and reflect the changes in the data emergence patterns.
We believe that the historical unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses development recognized into income illustrates the potential variability of our estimate of net unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses. The “Effect of Reserve Re-estimates on Calendar Year Operations” table contains 95 entries for accident year re-estimates within the years shown: 49 of these are favorable adjustments and 46 are unfavorable. The 14 accident years (1992 to 2005) indicate that seven cumulatively have developed unfavorably at December 31, 2006 and seven have developed favorably. The magnitude of the calendar re-estimates have been as favorable as $8.4 million (calendar year 2002) and as unfavorable as $15.5 million (calendar year 2000). The “net loss reserve development” table also provides insight into the potential variability of our estimates for net unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses. On average, our beginning of the year net reserve estimate for 1996 to 2005 has developed unfavorably by
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5.9%. The largest favorable development has been $12.5 million (calendar year 2001) and the greatest unfavorable change has been $21.8 million (calendar year 1999). In 2002, Minnesota changed the method of assessing companies for its Special Compensation Fund. This one-time law change benefited us $6.1 million in 2002 and has not been excluded from the results presented in these tables.
To illustrate the sensitivity of our net reserves to changes in loss development factors, our internal actuary estimated the effect of increases in the development factors used in the incurred loss development methodology, one of several different estimation methodologies used. We increased each year’s development factor by 15%. Historically, it is not unusual for these factors to change by 15% to 20%, in either direction. Assuming that our net reserves were based solely on the incurred loss development methodology and the preceding changes to the loss development factors, we estimate that our net unpaid claim and claim settlement expense reserve would increase by approximately $5.6 million at December 31, 2006 for all accident years combined. We believe that favorable or unfavorable reserve development of $5.6 million is reasonably likely. Workers’ compensation is a long-tailed line of insurance, in which the period from initial report of a claim to ultimate settlement of that claim may take many years or even decades to complete. During calendar year 2006, six accident years had total unfavorable development of $2.6 million while eight accident years had total favorable development of $4.4 million. In addition, calendar year 2006 had three accident years with either favorable or unfavorable development in excess of $1 million. Although we have experienced net favorable accident year development during each calendar year in our recent history (2002 to 2005), this will not always be the case. During the period 1998 to 2006, seven years had favorable or unfavorable reserve development that exceeded $5.6 million. Note that while we present this sensitivity analyses to comply with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, it is not integral to our process of establishing net reserves. We have previously presented our discussion of qualitative factors that we considered in establishing our net reserves.
We previously indicated that we make two significant assumptions concerning reserves: (i) that ultimate losses are determinable by extrapolating claim emergence and settlement patterns observed in the past; and (ii) that ultimate loss ratios in the current and more recent accident years can be projected from ultimate loss ratios of priors years. These assumptions do not lend themselves to a granular sensitivity analysis as presented by others in this industry. Additionally, workers’ compensation insurance, being a long-tailed line of insurance business, is affected by previously enumerated factors, most of which are not subject to strict quantification. We do not believe that a more “sophisticated” sensitivity analysis would be cost beneficial or provide credible information to management or the reader.
Favorable (unfavorable) reserve development directly increases (decreases) pre-tax income from operations. Other than the change in income taxes currently payable, reserve development has minimal effect on current year liquidity and will affect liquidity only as claims are paid.
In addition to the factors described above, other factors may also affect claim and claim settlement expenses reserve development in future periods. These factors include: (i) governmental actions, including court decisions interpreting existing laws, regulations or policy provisions; (ii) adverse or favorable outcomes in pending claims litigation; (iii) the number and severity of claims; (iv) the effect of inflation on claims; and (v) the effect of residual market assessments. Although the actuaries do not make specific numerical assumptions about these factors, changes in these factors from past patterns will affect historical loss development factors and in turn, future loss reserve development. Significant positive changes in one or more factors will lead to positive future loss reserve development, which could result in the actual losses developing closer to, or even below, the lower end of the our estimated reserve variability. Significant negative changes in one or more factors will lead to negative loss reserve development, which could result in the actual loss developing closer to, or even above, the higher end of the our estimated reserve variability. Accordingly, due to these factors and the other factors enumerated throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Operations and Financial Condition and the inherent limitations of the loss reserving methodologies, the estimated and illustrated reserve variability may not necessarily be indicative of our future reserve variability, which could ultimately be greater than the estimated and illustrated variability. Accordingly, it is possible that our future reserve variability could ultimately be greater than the illustrated variability.
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Reserve development recognized: The reserve development for 2006, 2005 and 2004 has been affected by the following factors:
| | |
| • | Effect of variability of results on estimation process. The frequency and severity of claims will vary by year. Actual emergence will vary by year. Adverse frequency, severity and emergence affect actuarial judgments more rapidly than a corresponding favorable event; |
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| • | Procedural changes. We regularly review and adjust internal processes and procedures with the intent of becoming more effective and efficient in our claims adjudication. The effect of these changes will not be discernable in our data patterns for a minimum of two years, if not longer. Favorable and unfavorable claim results will be recognized in the short-run prior to the actuaries being comfortable in adjusting the long-term development patterns; |
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| • | Office closure. During 2002, we stopped writing business in our Missouri and New England regions and closed our offices there. We are still responsible for managing and paying for all accidents related to policies that we underwrote while we operated there. We also experienced significant losses and adverse development in these markets during 2000 and 2001. Our claims management processes traditionally have relied upon being in close proximity to the claimant. The lack of proximity to the claimant and recent significant adverse development created significant uncertainty in how these claims would emerge. Actual claim emergence has been more favorable than anticipated; and |
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| • | Re-underwriting our book of business. Beginning in 2000 and continuing today, we deliberately eliminated certain classes of business and industries from our book of business. Additionally, we re-emphasized to our customers that they must return workers to light-duty positions when approved by treating physicians and that failure to do so results in cancellation or non-renewal of their account. An employer’s failure to return workers to light-duty positions results in higher claim and claim settlement expenses for us. These shifts changed the nature and frequency of claims that occurred. The resulting data shift continues to emerge in our historical results. |
We feel that it is impractical, if not impossible, to separate and quantify the effect of any of the above mentioned factors during any period. Additionally, workers’ compensation insurance, being a long-tailed line of insurance business, is affected by additional, previously enumerated factors, most of which are not subject to strict quantification. We do not believe that a more “sophisticated” analysis would be cost beneficial or provide credible information to management or the reader. Events, such as a significant law change that directly affects reserves, will be identified and quantified as they occur.
The 2006 results include a $1.8 million decrease in prior years’ reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses. Our estimate of net unpaid indemnity and claim settlement expense decreased and our ceded losses under our 1998 to 2001 low retention reinsurance treaty moved favorably. Our estimate of net unpaid medical expenses moved adversely as we experienced significant adverse development in a small group of Minnesota medical claims from 1994 to 1997, where we had higher reinsurance retention levels. The data emergence patterns used in the Incurred Loss Development Method were adversely affected by this adverse claim development. More recent accident years, where we have lower retention limits were less affected by this and moved slightly favorably. The reserve changes recognized during 2006 were the result of claim emergence pattern changes occurring and recognized during 2006. These changes were reflected by our actuaries in their 2006 analysis.
The 2005 results include a $5.5 million decrease in prior years’ reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses. Our estimate of net unpaid indemnity expense decreased significantly as a result of procedural changes introduced earlier and a changing nature of the book of business from our re-underwriting initiative. Our estimate of net unpaid medical expenses moved adversely as the anticipated benefits of changes did not emerge. Accident years 1996 to 1998 suffered adverse claim development which was further affected by an adverse movement in industry excess loss development patterns that we use to supplement our analysis. More recent accident years, where we have lower retention limits were unaffected by this and moved favorably. The reserve changes recognized during 2005 were the result of claim emergence pattern changes occurring and recognized during 2005. These changes were reflected by our actuaries in their 2005 analysis.
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The 2004 results include a $7.0 million decrease in prior years’ reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses. More recent accident years (2001 to 2003) favorably developed as the result of procedural changes and re-underwriting emerged more rapidly than anticipated in the reserve estimation process. Indemnity results improved as we were more effective in adjudicating claims and returning injured workers to work sooner than anticipated. Our expected costs for residual market charges moved favorably as our exposure to states with residual market charges, which are adjusted each year, decreased. The reserve changes recognized during 2004 were the result of claim emergence pattern changes occurring and recognized during 2004. These changes were reflected by our actuaries in their 2004 analysis.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity refers to our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the short- and long-term cash requirements of our operations. Capital resources represent those funds deployed or available to be deployed to support our business operations.
Our primary sources of cash from operations are collected premiums, collected service revenue, reimbursements under reinsurance contracts and investment income. Our primary cash requirements consist of payments for: (i) claim and claim settlement expenses; (ii) reinsurance; (iii) policy acquisition costs; (iv) general and administrative expenses; (v) capital expenditures; and (vi) income taxes. In addition, we may use cash to repurchase shares under our repurchase program from time to time. We generate cash from or use cash in our insurance operations based on timing differences between the receipt of premiums and the payment of claim and claim settlement expenses. Selected reinsurance retention levels also use cash as a result of “pre-funding” premiums under the policies or provide cash upon reimbursement of claim payments. We invest available cash in either short-term cash and cash equivalents or longer-termavailable-for-sale securities pending future payments for expenses such as medical and indemnity benefits and other operating expenses. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, a money market fund that invests primarily in short-term U.S. Government securities, commercial paper with maturities of three months or less and overnight repurchase agreements secured by U.S. Treasury or U.S. Government Agency securities.
Cash used in operating activities was $802,000 for 2006. This is primarily a result of net income of $3.3 million and a decrease of $6.1 million in amounts due from reinsurers offset by a decrease in unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses of $7.8 million and a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $2.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities was $4.3 million due primarily to $30.9 million in purchases of securities offset by $3.5 million in proceeds from principal paydowns of securities and $23.8 million in maturities of investments. Net cash used in financing activities was $2.9 million due primarily to the repurchase of our common stock in 2006.
Cash used in operating activities was $802,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006. Cash provided by operating activities was $4.9 million and $8.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. At December 31, 2006 we had $13.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and an additional $19.3 million of investments maturing in one year or less. The average expected maturity of our investment portfolios was 3.7 years at December 31, 2006. Average expected maturity takes into consideration the possibility or likelihood that callable bonds, such as mortgages, will be redeemed prior to their stated maturity. We expect claim payments to be made over 6.2 years. If paid claim and claim settlement expenses accelerated beyond our ability to fund an event from current operating activities, available cash and cash equivalents and investments maturing in one year or less, we might need to liquidate a portion of our investments or arrange for third-party financing. Potential events causing such a liquidity strain could include several significant catastrophic events occurring in a relatively short period of time or acts of terrorism. Additional strain on liquidity, operating results and financial position could occur if the investments sold to pay these claim and claim settlement expenses were sold at a loss during unfavorable market conditions or if reinsurance recoverables on these paid claim and claim settlement expenses became uncollectible.
Within our insurance operations, our need for additional capital is primarily the result of regulations that require certain ratios of regulatory or statutory capital to premiums written in our insurance subsidiaries as defined by state regulatory bodies and insurance rating agencies. Raising additional permanent capital, while difficult in the current environment in which we operate, would further reduce our ratio of premium to capital and provide a more
40
solid base for the future growth of our insurance subsidiary. As an alternative to raising additional permanent capital, we could enter into reinsurance contracts on an interim basis. This would have the effect of reducing the ratio of premiums to capital and surplus in ACIC or BCIC to satisfy state regulatory requirements. We currently have sufficient capital within our insurance operations.
Minnesota state insurance regulations limit distributions, including dividends, from our insurance subsidiary to us. The amount of dividends that ACIC can pay is restricted by law or subject to approval of the insurance regulatory authorities of Minnesota. Under Minnesota insurance law regulating the payment of dividends by ACIC, dividends must be paid solely from ACIC’s earned surplus (unassigned funds), as determined in accordance with Statutory Accounting Practices. Further, pursuant to Minnesota legal requirements, any dividends paid which, when combined with other dividends paid within the previous12-month period, which exceed the greater of 10% of: (1) statutory capital and surplus with regard to policyholders on December 31 of the prior year-end; or (2) 100% of our net income, not including realized capital gains, for the twelve month period ending on December 31of the preceding year, but does not include any pro rata distributions of any class of the insurer’s own securities, requires the prior approval of the Minnesota Department of Commerce (MDC). For 2007, dividends in excess of $2.5 million would require prior approval of the MDC (See Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). ACIC has never paid a dividend to us, and we intend to retain capital in the insurance subsidiaries.
On March 30, 2006, we announced that our Board approved resuming our common stock share repurchase program. In September 1998, our Board authorized us to repurchase, fromtime-to-time pursuant to the program and depending on market conditions, up to $4.0 million of common stock. On May 1, 2006, our Board authorized a $1.0 million increase in the share repurchase program to $5.0 million and further authorized another $1.0 million increase to $6.0 million on October 25, 2006.
We repurchased 229,000 shares in 2006 for $2.3 million, at an average purchase price of $10.24 per share, and an additional 90,000 shares at $11.00 directly from our founder in a private transaction. No shares were repurchased under this program in 2005 or 2004. At December 31, 2006, we had a total of $867,000 authorized for additional share re-purchases under the program.
At December 31, 2006, investments with a market value of $15.4 million and cash and cash equivalents of $1.2 million were held as statutory deposits and pledged as collateral, and investments with a market value of $2.0 million were pledged as collateral against a letter of credit provided to an insurer. Amounts pledged as collateral do not currently have an adverse effect on our liquidity because the amount currently pledged is small compared to our overall investments and cash and cash equivalent position. We believe that cash flow generated by our operations and our cash and investment balances will be sufficient to fund continuing operations and capital expenditures for the next twelve months.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
We have various contractual obligations which we become involved with during the ordinary course of business. The effect of these contractual obligations should be considered when evaluating our liquidity and capital resources. Contractual obligations consist of operating lease obligations for facilities and expected payments for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses as follows at December 31, 2006 (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unpaid Claim
| | | | |
| | | | | and Claim
| | | | |
| | Lease
| | | Settlement
| | | | |
| | Obligations | | | expenses(1) | | | Total | |
|
2007 | | $ | 1,169 | | | $ | 31,932 | | | $ | 33,101 | |
2008 | | | 1,329 | | | | 20,183 | | | | 21,512 | |
2009 | | | 1,372 | | | | 13,690 | | | | 15,062 | |
2010 | | | 1,320 | | | | 9,776 | | | | 11,096 | |
2011 | | | 1,224 | | | | 7,400 | | | | 8,624 | |
Thereafter | | | 984 | | | | 69,688 | | | | 70,672 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 7,398 | | | $ | 152,669 | | | $ | 160,067 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
41
| | |
(1) | | Unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses represent our estimate of the amount and timing of the ultimate settlement and administration of claims based on our assessment of facts and circumstances known as of December 31, 2006. The amounts are stated on a “gross” basis and do not reflect any potential recoveries under existing reinsurance agreements and do not reflect the effect of discounting of reserve amounts. |
We anticipate reinsurance recoveries under our reinsurance agreements will offset $77.0 million of the unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses. We estimate that our recovery pattern, as a percent of unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses paid will be as follows:
| | | | |
| | Recoveries As a Percentage of
| |
| | Unpaid Claim and Claim
| |
| | Settlement Expenses Payments | |
|
2007 | | | 24 | % |
2008 | | | 37 | % |
2009 | | | 48 | % |
2010 | | | 53 | % |
2011 | | | 53 | % |
Thereafter | | | 66 | % |
INTEREST RATE RISK
Our fixed maturity investments are subject to interest rate risk. Increases and decreases in prevailing interest rates generally translate into decreases and increases in the fair value of these instruments. Also, fair values of interest rate sensitive instruments may be affected by the credit worthiness of the issuer, prepayment options, relative values of alternative instruments, the liquidity of the instrument and other general market conditions. We regularly evaluate interest rate risk in order to evaluate the appropriateness of our investments.
An increase of 100 basis points in prevailing interest rates would reduce the fair value of our interest rate sensitive instruments by approximately $3.0 million.
The effect of interest rate risk on potential near-term fair value was determined based on commonly used models. The models project the impact of interest rate changes on factors such as duration, prepayments, put options and call options. Fair value was determined based on the net present value of cash flows or duration estimates, using a representative set of likely future interest rate scenarios.
NAIC RISK-BASED CAPITAL STANDARDS
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has risk-based capital standards to determine the capital requirements of a property and casualty insurance carrier based upon the risks inherent in its operations. These standards require computing a risk-based capital amount that is compared to a carrier’s actual total adjusted capital. The computation involves applying factors to various financial data to address four primary risks: asset risk; insurance underwriting risk; credit risk; and off-balance sheet risk. These standards provide for regulatory intervention when the percent of total adjusted capital to authorized control level risk-based capital is below certain levels. Based upon the risk-based capital standards, our percent of total adjusted capital is in excess of authorized control level risk-based capital.
REGULATION
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to substantial regulation by governmental agencies in the states in which we operate, and will be subject to such regulation in any state in which we provide workers’ compensation products and services in the future. State regulatory agencies have broad administrative power with respect to all aspects of our business, including premium rates, benefit levels, policy forms, dividend payments, capital adequacy and the amount and type of investments. These regulations are primarily intended to protect covered employees and policyholders rather than the insurance company. Both the legislation covering insurance companies and the regulations adopted by state agencies are subject to change. At December 31, 2006, ACIC was licensed to do
42
business in twenty-three states while BCIC was licensed only in Minnesota. BCIC received its license to do business in Colorado in February 2007
EFFECT OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (FIN 48), which provides criteria for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing uncertain tax positions. A tax benefit from an uncertain position may be recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. We expect that FIN 48 will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (FAS 157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We do not expect the adoption of FAS 157 to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (FAS 159), which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, and establishes presentation and disclosure requirements for similar assets and liabilities measured at fair value. FAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The effect of the adoption of FAS 159 on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations will depend on the nature and extent of items elected to be measured at fair value, upon our initial application of the standard in the first quarter 2008.
In November 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position115-1, “The Meaning ofOther-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” (FSP115-1). FSP115-1 provides guidance on recognizing impairments deemedother-than-temporary. FSP115-1 is effective forother-than-temporary impairment analysis conducted in periods beginning after December 15, 2005. We believe that our policy forother-than-temporary impairments complies with FSP115-1. Accordingly, the adoption of this standard has not had a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In September 2005, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee issued Statement of Position05-1, “Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts”(SOP 05-1).SOP 05-1 provides guidance on accounting by insurance enterprises for deferred acquisition costs on internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts other than those specifically described in SFAS No. 97, “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments”.SOP 05-1 defines an internal replacement as a modification in product benefits, features, rights or coverage that occurs by the exchange of a contract for a new contract, or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by electing a feature or coverage within a contract.SOP 05-1 is effective for internal replacements occurring in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with earlier adoption encouraged. We only issue workers’ compensation insurance policies that are a statutory coverage and are not subject to internal replacement or modification in product benefits, features, rights or coverage. We do not expect the adoption ofSOP 05-1 to have a material effect on operations, financial condition or liquidity.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This is a “Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Information included in this Report onForm 10-K which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” or “continue” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology constitutes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement contained herein including statements related to our outlook for the industry and for our
43
performance for the year 2007 and beyond, are based upon our historical performance and on current plans, estimates and expectations. The inclusion of these forward looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. The following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could affect our actual results and could cause our actual financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in any forward-looking statement:
| | |
| • | our ability to retain renewing policies and write new business with a B++ (Good, Secure) rating from A.M. Best; |
|
| • | adverse changes in the rating assigned to us by A.M. Best; |
|
| • | our ability to extend our workers’ compensation services to self-insured employers and other alternative markets and to operate profitably in providing these services; |
|
| • | changes in the pricing environment including those due to the cyclical nature of the property and casualty insurance industry and the effect of competition; |
|
| • | the adequacy of our unpaid claim and claim settlement expense reserves, including: |
| | |
| • | the long-tail and potentially volatile nature of workers’ compensation insurance; |
|
| • | our ability to accurately predict claim development; |
|
| • | our experience with claims frequency and severity; |
|
| • | our ability to manage both our existing claims and new claims in an effective manner; |
|
| • | medical inflation and medical innovation; |
|
| • | the ability of our reinsurers to honor their obligations to us; |
| | |
| • | exposure as to coverage for terrorist acts and our retention under The Terrorism Risk Insurance Extension Act of 2005 (TRIEA) and the potential expiration of TRIEA and the unpredictable nature of such events; |
|
| • | our ability to obtain and retain reinsurance at a reasonable cost; |
|
| • | our ability to provide our proprietary products and services to customers successfully and profitably; |
|
| • | competition and the regulatory environment in which we operate; |
|
| • | changes in workers’ compensation regulation by states, including changes in mandated benefits or insurance company regulation; |
|
| • | investment risk, including those of our portfolio of fixed income securities and interest rate changes; |
|
| • | general economic and business conditions; |
|
| • | risk factors noted in Item 1A of this Annual Report onForm 10-K; and |
|
| • | other factors as noted in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
This discussion of uncertainties is by no means exhaustive but is designed to highlight important factors that may affect our future performance.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Information with respect to Disclosures about Market Risk is contained in the Section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Interest Rate Risk” under ITEM 7 of this Annual Report onForm 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
44
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | | Page |
|
| | | 46 | |
| | | 47 | |
| | | 48 | |
| | | 49 | |
| | | 50 | |
| | | 51 | |
45
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
RTW, Inc.
Minneapolis. Minnesota
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of RTW, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of RTW, Inc. at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, in response to a new accounting standard, the Company changed its method of accounting for stock-based compensation effective January 1, 2006.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
March 30, 2007
46
RTW, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2006 and 2005
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (In thousands, except share data) | |
|
ASSETS |
Investments at fair value, amortized cost of $112,746 and $109,021 | | $ | 111,089 | | | $ | 107,250 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 13,898 | | | | 21,914 | |
Accrued investment income | | | 939 | | | | 857 | |
Premiums receivable, less allowance of $73 and $192 | | | 2,367 | | | | 3,382 | |
Service revenue receivable, less allowance of $130 in 2006 | | | 1,058 | | | | 978 | |
Reinsurance recoverables: | | | | | | | | |
On unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses | | | 77,168 | | | | 83,318 | |
On paid claim and claim settlement expenses | | | 767 | | | | 751 | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 800 | | | | 889 | |
Furniture and equipment, net | | | 1,570 | | | | 1,444 | |
Other assets | | | 8,783 | | | | 7,688 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 218,439 | | | $ | 228,471 | |
| | | | | | | | |
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
Unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses | | $ | 152,327 | | | $ | 160,141 | |
Unearned premiums | | | 7,432 | | | | 8,341 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | 7,325 | | | | 9,411 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 167,084 | | | | 177,893 | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | — | | | | — | |
Shareholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Undesignated stock, no par value; authorized 4,750,000 shares; none issued or outstanding | | | — | | | | — | |
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, no par value; authorized 250,000 shares; none issued or outstanding | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock, no par value; authorized 12,500,000 shares; issued and outstanding 5,185,000 and 5,441,000 shares | | | 18,284 | | | | 21,365 | |
Retained earnings | | | 34,148 | | | | 30,364 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (1,077 | ) | | | (1,151 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 51,355 | | | | 50,578 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 218,439 | | | $ | 228,471 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
47
RTW, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (In thousands, except share
| |
| | and per share data) | |
|
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | $ | 51,367 | | | $ | 59,872 | | | $ | 63,370 | |
Premiums ceded | | | (8,761 | ) | | | (10,452 | ) | | | (9,688 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | | 42,606 | | | | 49,420 | | | | 53,682 | |
Net investment income | | | 5,325 | | | | 4,613 | | | | 3,667 | |
Realized investment gains (losses): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized investment gains | | | — | | | | 584 | | | | 708 | |
Realized investment losses | | | — | | | | (4 | ) | | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains | | | — | | | | 580 | | | | 705 | |
Service revenue | | | 5,941 | | | | 4,398 | | | | 633 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 53,872 | | | | 59,011 | | | | 58,687 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Claim and claim settlement expenses | | | 30,134 | | | | 30,807 | | | | 35,536 | |
Policy acquisition costs | | | 5,160 | | | | 5,456 | | | | 6,045 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 13,356 | | | | 12,669 | | | | 9,034 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 48,650 | | | | 48,932 | | | | 50,615 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 5,222 | | | | 10,079 | | | | 8,072 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 1,934 | | | | 4,081 | | | | (1,869 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 3,288 | | | $ | 5,998 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic income per share | | $ | 0.62 | | | $ | 1.11 | | | $ | 1.90 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted income per share | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | 1.06 | | | $ | 1.81 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic shares outstanding | | | 5,323,000 | | | | 5,399,000 | | | | 5,233,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted shares outstanding | | | 5,501,000 | | | | 5,663,000 | | | | 5,487,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
48
RTW, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Accumulated
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Other
| | | | |
| | | | | Comprehensive
| | | | | | Comprehensive
| | | Total
| |
| | Common
| | | Income
| | | Retained
| | | Income
| | | Shareholders’
| |
| | Stock | | | (Loss) | | | Earnings | | | (Loss) | | | Equity | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
Balance at January 1, 2004 | | $ | 20,644 | | | | | | | $ | 13,970 | | | $ | 973 | | | $ | 35,587 | |
Comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | — | | | $ | 9,941 | | | | 9,941 | | | | — | | | | 9,941 | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized investment gains | | | — | | | | (595 | ) | | | — | | | | (595 | ) | | | (595 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | | | | | | $ | 9,346 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock option activity | | | 362 | | | | | | | | 171 | | | | — | | | | 533 | |
Issuance of shares under ESPP | | | 65 | | | | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 65 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | | | 21,071 | | | | | | | | 24,082 | | | | 378 | | | | 45,531 | |
Comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | — | | | $ | 5,998 | | | | 5,998 | | | | — | | | | 5,998 | |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized investment losses | | | — | | | | (1,529 | ) | | | — | | | | (1,529 | ) | | | (1,529 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | | | | | | $ | 4,469 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock option activity | | | 195 | | | | | | | | 284 | | | | — | | | | 479 | |
Issuance of shares under ESPP | | | 99 | | | | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 99 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | | 21,365 | | | | | | | | 30,364 | | | | (1,151 | ) | | | 50,578 | |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | — | | | $ | 3,288 | | | | 3,288 | | | | — | | | | 3,288 | |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized investment losses | | | — | | | | 74 | | | | — | | | | 74 | | | | 74 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | | | | | | $ | 3,362 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock option activity | | | 106 | | | | | | | | 113 | | | | — | | | | 219 | |
Retirement of common stock | | | (3,338 | ) | | | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,338 | ) |
Equity-based compensation expense | | | — | | | | | | | | 383 | | | | — | | | | 383 | |
Issuance of shares under ESPP | | | 151 | | | | | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 151 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | $ | 18,284 | | | | | | | $ | 34,148 | | | $ | (1,077 | ) | | $ | 51,355 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
49
RTW, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2006
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 3,288 | | | $ | 5,998 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains | | | — | | | | (580 | ) | | | (705 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 423 | | | | 686 | | | | 952 | |
Equity-based compensation expense | | | 383 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Deferred income taxes | | | (432 | ) | | | 599 | | | | (2,576 | ) |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 6,134 | | | | (4,946 | ) | | | (6,803 | ) |
Unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses | | | (7,814 | ) | | | 4,018 | | | | 6,079 | |
Unearned premiums, net of premiums receivable | | | 106 | | | | (1,746 | ) | | | 1,007 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | (2,086 | ) | | | 1,055 | | | | 1,119 | |
Other, net | | | (804 | ) | | | (166 | ) | | | (942 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (802 | ) | | | 4,918 | | | | 8,072 | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maturities of investments | | | 23,769 | | | | 12,450 | | | | 11,324 | |
Purchases ofavailable-for-sale investments | | | (30,901 | ) | | | (45,915 | ) | | | (41,446 | ) |
Proceeds from sales ofavailable-for-sale investments | | | — | | | | 6,246 | | | | 14,180 | |
Proceeds from principal paydowns ofavailable-for-sale investments | | | 3,469 | | | | 4,944 | | | | 7,445 | |
Purchases of furniture and equipment | | | (616 | ) | | | (696 | ) | | | (444 | ) |
Disposals of furniture and equipment | | | 5 | | | | 10 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) investing activities | | | (4,274 | ) | | | (22,961 | ) | | | (8,941 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock options exercised, including tax benefits | | | 219 | | | | 479 | | | | 533 | |
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | | | 151 | | | | 99 | | | | 65 | |
Excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation | | | 28 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | (3,338 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (2,940 | ) | | | 578 | | | | 598 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | (8,016 | ) | | | (17,465 | ) | | | (271 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | | | 21,914 | | | | 39,379 | | | | 39,650 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | | $ | 13,898 | | | $ | 21,914 | | | $ | 39,379 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid during the year for: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes | | $ | 2,305 | | | $ | 2,839 | | | $ | 1,033 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
50
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004
Note 1 —SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization — RTW, Inc. (RTW) provides disability and absence management services, directed today primarily at workers’ compensation to: (i) employers insured through our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, American Compensation Insurance Company (ACIC) and its wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, Bloomington Compensation Insurance Company (BCIC); (ii) self-insured employers on afee-for-service basis; (iii) state-sponsored assigned risk plans on a percent of premium basis; (iv) other insurance companies; and (v) to agents and employers on a consulting basis, charging hourly fees through RTW and its Absentia® division. ACIC offers guaranteed cost workers’ compensation insurance to employers located primarily in Minnesota, Michigan and Colorado and is licensed in twenty-three states. BCIC began underwriting business in October 2005 and offers guaranteed-cost workers’ compensation insurance to selected employers in Minnesota and Colorado. Collectively, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to RTW, ACIC, BCIC and Absentia in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
We benefit from our ability to reduce workers’ compensation and disability system costs and provide employers the ability to control their workers’ compensation, disability and absence programs. Our insurance subsidiaries are domiciled in Minnesota and operated primarily in Minnesota, Michigan and Colorado in 2006, 2005 and 2004. Absentia provided services for its customers in over 30 states in 2006.
The following explains the accounting policies we use to arrive at some of the more significant amounts in our financial statements.
Accounting Principles — We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’ financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.
Consolidation — Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RTW, ACIC and BCIC. We eliminate all inter-company accounts and transactions in consolidation.
Use of Estimates — We make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported assets and liabilities, our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the financial statement date and our recorded revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our most significant estimates are those relating to our reinsurance recoverables on unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses, unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses, income taxes, deferred income taxes and an accrual for premium adjustments. We continually review our estimates and assumptions and make adjustments as necessary. Our actual results could vary significantly from the estimates we make.
Investments — We invest entirely in fixed maturity investments and classify our investments asavailable-for-sale.
Available-for-Sale Investments: Ouravailable-for-sale investments are carried at fair value with changes in unrealized gains or losses, net of deferred taxes, reported as other comprehensive income. The fair values of our investments are determined based upon quoted market prices as obtained through commercial pricing services or brokers who provide estimated fair values.
Realized Investment Gains and Losses: Realized investment gains and losses are identified separately in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Cost of investments sold is determined by the specific identification method.
We continually monitor the difference between investment cost and fair value for each of our securities. If any security experiences a decline in value that is determined to be other than temporary, we reduce the security’s carrying value for the decline and record a realized loss in the Consolidated Statements of Income. No securities were reduced for declines in fair value in 2006, 2005 or 2004.
Cash and Cash Equivalents — We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
51
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments — A number of our significant assets and liabilities (including reinsurance recoverables, deferred policy acquisition costs, furniture and equipment and unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses) are not considered financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Our premiums receivable and other assets and liabilities that are considered financial instruments are generally of a short-term nature. The carrying values of these instruments approximate their fair values. The carrying values and fair values of investments are disclosed in Note 3.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs — The costs directly related to writing an insurance policy are referred to as policy acquisition costs and consist of commissions, state premium taxes and other direct underwriting expenses. Although these costs arise when we issue a policy, we defer certain costs, principally commissions and state premium taxes. These costs are amortized to expense as premium revenue is recognized and are reported net of ceding commissions in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
If deferred policy acquisition costs were to exceed the sum of unearned premiums net of reinsurance and related anticipated investment income less expected claim and claim settlement expenses, we would immediately expense the excess costs.
Depreciation — We depreciate furniture and equipment on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset (five to ten years). Depreciation expense was $485,000 in 2006, $471,000 in 2005 and $458,000 in 2004. Furniture and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation of $4.8 million and $5.1 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Income Taxes — We compute all income tax amounts using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using presently enacted tax rates. Deferred tax assets are recognized for tax credit and net operating loss carry-forwards, reduced by a valuation allowance which is established when it is “more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates or regulations is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date.
Unpaid Claim and Claim Settlement Expenses — Claim expenses refer to amounts that we paid or expect to pay to claimants for insured events that have occurred. The costs of investigating, resolving and processing claims are referred to as claim settlement expenses. We record these expenses, net of amounts recoverable under reinsurance contracts, as “Claim and claim settlement expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Our “Unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses” represent reserves established for the estimated total unpaid cost of claim and claim settlement expenses for insured events that occurred on or prior to each balance sheet date. The reserves are primarily undiscounted; however, we discounted selected claims that have fixed or determinable future payments by $343,000 in 2006, $342,000 in 2005 and $344,000 in 2004 using a discount factor of 4.0%. These reserves reflect our estimates of the total cost of claims that were reported, but not yet paid, and the cost of claims incurred but not yet reported. Our estimates consider such variables as past loss experience, current claim trends and prevailing social, economic and legal environments. We have a limited amount of historical data to use in estimating our reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses because we commenced operations in 1992. As a result, we supplement our experience with external industry data, as adjusted to reflect anticipated differences between our results and the industry. We reduce the unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses for estimated amounts of subrogation.
We believe our reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses are adequate to cover the ultimate costs of claim and claim settlement expenses. The ultimate cost of claim and claim settlement expenses may differ from the established reserves, particularly when claims may not be settled for many years. Reserves for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses and assumptions used in their development are continually reviewed. We record adjustments to prior estimates of unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses, which may be material, in operations in the year in which the adjustments are made.
52
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Premiums Earned — Premiums on workers’ compensation insurance policies are our largest source of revenue. The premium we charge a policyholder is a function of its payroll, industry and prior workers’ compensation claims experience. In underwriting a policy, we receive policyholder payroll estimates for the ensuing year. We record premiums written on an installment basis, matching billing to the policyholder, and earn premiums on a daily basis over the life of each insurance policy based on the payroll estimate. We record the excess of premiums billed over premiums earned for each policy as unearned premiums on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. When a policy expires, we audit employer payrolls for the policy period and adjust the estimated payroll and the policyholder’s premium to its actual value. The result is a “final audit” adjustment recorded to premiums earned when the adjustment becomes known. We also estimate the final audit amount to be billed on unexpired and expired unaudited policies and record a final audit receivable included in premiums receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Final audit premiums recognized during the period include billed final audit premiums plus (or minus) the change in estimate for final audit premiums on unexpired and expired unaudited policies.
Service Revenue — Service revenue includes revenues for services that are: (i) billed as a percent of premium of insurance policies issued by non-affiliated third-party insurers, including state-assigned risk plans; (ii) billed based on the number and type of claims serviced; (iii) billed on an hourly basis based on direct activity; or (iv) billed based on contract duration. Service revenue earned as a percent of premium is recognized over the life of the underlying insurance policy. All other service revenue is recognized over the term of the contract or after the services have been performed. The excess of billed service revenue over earned amounts is recognized as a liability and included in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (FIN 48), which provides criteria for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing uncertain tax positions. A tax benefit from an uncertain position may be recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. We expect that FIN 48 will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (FAS 157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We do not expect the adoption of FAS 157 to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (FAS 159), which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, and establishes presentation and disclosure requirements for similar assets and liabilities measured at fair value. FAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The effect of the adoption of FAS 159 on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations will depend on the nature and extent of items elected to be measured at fair value, upon our initial application of the standard in the first quarter 2008.
In November 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position115-1, “The Meaning ofOther-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” (FSP115-1). FSP115-1 provides guidance on recognizing impairments deemedother-than-temporary. FSP115-1 is effective forother-than-temporary impairment analysis conducted in periods beginning after December 15, 2005. We believe that our policy forother-than-temporary impairments complies with FSP115-1. Accordingly, the adoption of this standard has not had a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In September 2005, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee issued Statement of Position05-1, “Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts”(SOP 05-1).SOP 05-1 provides guidance on accounting by insurance
53
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
enterprises for deferred acquisition costs on internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts other than those specifically described in SFAS No. 97, “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments”.SOP 05-1 defines an internal replacement as a modification in product benefits, features, rights or coverage that occurs by the exchange of a contract for a new contract, or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by electing a feature or coverage within a contract.SOP 05-1 is effective for internal replacements occurring in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with earlier adoption encouraged. We only issue workers’ compensation insurance policies that are a statutory coverage and are not subject to internal replacement or modification in product benefits, features, rights or coverage. We do not expect the adoption ofSOP 05-1 to have a material effect on operations, financial condition or liquidity.
Note 2 —INCOME PER SHARE
Basic income per share (IPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted IPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive securities outstanding for the period. Dilutive securities consist of stock options. Dilutive securities are considered outstanding from the date of grant, after applying the treasury stock method for determining the dilutive effect.
The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted income per share:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Net income (000’s) | | $ | 3,288 | | | $ | 5,998 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | | | 5,323,000 | | | | 5,399,000 | | | | 5,233,000 | |
Effect of dilutive stock options | | | 178,000 | | | | 264,000 | | | | 254,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | | | 5,501,000 | | | | 5,663,000 | | | | 5,487,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic income per share | | $ | 0.62 | | | $ | 1.11 | | | $ | 1.90 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted income per share | | $ | 0.60 | | | $ | 1.06 | | | $ | 1.81 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note 3 —INVESTMENTS
Valuation of Investments — The following tables present amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values of ouravailable-for-sale securities (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Gross
| | | Gross
| | | | |
| | Amortized
| | | Unrealized
| | | Unrealized
| | | Estimated
| |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | |
|
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government securities | | $ | 60,389 | | | $ | 64 | | | $ | (959 | ) | | $ | 59,494 | |
Commercial paper | | | 7,446 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,446 | |
Asset-backed securities | | | 2,007 | | | | — | | | | (53 | ) | | | 1,954 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 24,441 | | | | 93 | | | | (407 | ) | | | 24,127 | |
Municipal securities | | | 18,463 | | | | — | | | | (395 | ) | | | 18,068 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 112,746 | | | $ | 157 | | | $ | (1,814 | ) | | $ | 111,089 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
54
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Gross
| | | Gross
| | | Estimated
| |
| | Amortized
| | | Unrealized
| | | Unrealized
| | | Fair
| |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Value | |
|
2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government securities | | $ | 56,138 | | | $ | 63 | | | $ | (960 | ) | | $ | 55,241 | |
Commercial paper | | | 10,167 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,167 | |
Asset-backed securities | | | 2,009 | | | | — | | | | (60 | ) | | | 1,949 | |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 22,049 | | | | 45 | | | | (403 | ) | | | 21,691 | |
Municipal securities | | | 18,658 | | | | — | | | | (456 | ) | | | 18,202 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 109,021 | | | $ | 108 | | | $ | (1,879 | ) | | $ | 107,250 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The gross unrealized losses and fair value of our investments aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position are as follows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less Than Twelve Months | | | Greater Than Twelve Months | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Gross
| | | | | | Gross
| | | | | | Total Gross
| | | | |
| | Fair
| | | Unrealized
| | | Fair
| | | Unrealized
| | | Total Fair
| | | Unrealized
| | | | |
| | Value | | | Losses | | | Value | | | Losses | | | Value | | | Losses | | | | |
|
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government securities | | $ | 8,178 | | | $ | (46 | ) | | $ | 46,824 | | | $ | (913 | ) | | $ | 55,002 | | | $ | (959 | ) | | | | |
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | | | 1,695 | | | | (4 | ) | | | 16,740 | | | | (456 | ) | | | 18,435 | | | | (460 | ) | | | | |
Municipal securities | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18,068 | | | | (395 | ) | | | 18,068 | | | | (395 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 9,873 | | | $ | (50 | ) | | $ | 81,632 | | | $ | (1,764 | ) | | $ | 91,505 | | | $ | (1,814 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less Than Twelve Months | | | Greater Than Twelve Months | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Gross
| | | | | | Gross
| | | | | | Total Gross
| | | | |
| | Fair
| | | Unrealized
| | | Fair
| | | Unrealized
| | | Total Fair
| | | Unrealized
| | | | |
| | Value | | | Losses | | | Value | | | Losses | | | Value | | | Losses | | | | |
|
2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government securities | | $ | 42,018 | | | $ | (734 | ) | | $ | 8,987 | | | $ | (226 | ) | | $ | 51,005 | | | $ | (960 | ) | | | | |
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | | | 16,377 | | | | (342 | ) | | | 4,127 | | | | (121 | ) | | | 20,504 | | | | (463 | ) | | | | |
Municipal securities | | | 5,207 | | | | (62 | ) | | | 12,995 | | | | (394 | ) | | | 18,202 | | | | (456 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 63,602 | | | $ | (1,138 | ) | | $ | 26,109 | | | $ | (741 | ) | | $ | 89,711 | | | $ | (1,879 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The gross unrealized loss in all cases is the result of an increase in interest rates and is not the result of deterioration in the credit quality of the issuers. We believe that the unrealized losses on our fixed maturity securities do not represent other than temporary impairments. All long-term issues carry a credit quality of AAA, AA or A1+ (Standard & Poors). We have the ability and intent to hold all of these securities to recovery, which in certain circumstances may extend to maturity. We consider all relevant facts and circumstances in evaluating whether the impairment of a security is other than temporary. Relevant facts and circumstances we consider include: (i) the length of time the fair value has been below cost; (ii) the financial position and access to capital of the issuer, including the current and future effect of any specific events; and (iii) our ability and intent to hold the security until it recovers in value. To the extent we determine that a security is deemed to be other than temporarily impaired, the difference between amortized cost and fair value would be charged to earnings.
55
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Deposits — Included in investments are U.S. government securities and cash on deposit with various regulatory authorities, as required by law, with a fair value of $15.4 million and $15.8 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Additionally, included in investments are U.S. government securities pledged as collateral against a letter of credit provided to an insurer, with a fair value of $2.0 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005.
Fixed Maturities by Maturity Date — The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investments by contractual maturity at December 31, 2006. Actual maturities may differ from those stated as a result of calls and prepayments (000’s):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Amortized
| | | Estimated
| |
Maturing In: | | Cost | | | Fair Value | |
|
One year or less | | $ | 19,426 | | | $ | 19,304 | |
Over one year through five years | | | 49,179 | | | | 48,249 | |
Over five years through ten years | | | 14,584 | | | | 14,394 | |
Over ten years | | | 5,116 | | | | 5,015 | |
Mortgage-backed securities with various maturities | | | 24,441 | | | | 24,127 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 112,746 | | | $ | 111,089 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net Investment Income — Net investment income includes income from the following sources (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | | |
|
Fixed maturity investments | | $ | 4,490 | | | $ | 4,099 | | | $ | 3,383 | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 999 | | | | 672 | | | | 344 | | | | | |
Other | | | 21 | | | | 15 | | | | 110 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | | 5,510 | | | | 4,786 | | | | 3,837 | | | | | |
Investment expense | | | (185 | ) | | | (173 | ) | | | (170 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 5,325 | | | $ | 4,613 | | | $ | 3,667 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note 4 — REINSURANCE
Our consolidated financial statements reflect the effects of ceded reinsurance transactions. We purchase reinsurance to protect us from potential losses in excess of the level we are willing to accept. Our primary reinsurance is excess of loss coverage that limits our per-incident exposure.
We report reinsurance related balances on a “gross” basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, resulting in reinsurance recoverable amounts on unpaid and on paid claim and claim settlement expenses recorded as assets. We estimate amounts recoverable from reinsurers in a manner consistent with the claim liability associated with the reinsured policy.
56
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The following table summarizes our reinsurance coverage (all losses ceded on a per occurrence basis):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Covers Losses per Occurrence: |
Minnesota: | | In Excess of: | | | Limited to: |
|
2006 WCRA | | $ | 390,000 | | | | Statutory limit | |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | | $390,000 | |
2005 WCRA | | $ | 380,000 | | | | Statutory limit | |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | | $380,000 | |
2004 WCRA | | $ | 360,000 | | | | Statutory limit | |
Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | | $360,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Other States: | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
2006 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism | |
2005 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism | |
2004 Various reinsurers | | $ | 200,000 | | | | $20 million, excluding acts of terrorism | |
For claims occurring after June 30, 1998, we further limited our per incident exposure by purchasing excess of loss coverage for losses from $25,000 to the lesser of $300,000 or the WCRA selected retention level in Minnesota and from $25,000 to $300,000 in other states from a single reinsurer. This agreement was finalized after its effective date and activity occurring from July 1, 1998 through September 30, 1998 was recorded on a retroactive basis resulting in the deferral of a gain totaling $2.0 million at December 31, 1998. We amortized $400,000 of the deferred gain as a reduction of claim and claim settlement expenses in each of 2002, 2001 and 2000 and $740,000 in 1999, resulting in anun-amortized deferred gain of $49,000 at December 31, 2006. The deferred gain is being amortized into income using the effective interest rate inherent in the amounts paid to the reinsurer and the estimated timing and amounts of recoveries from the reinsurer. Activity occurring on or after October 1, 1998 is recorded prospectively. This contract was terminated effective December 31, 2000; however, the policy was effective in 2001 for policies in force at December 31, 2000 through expiration, not to exceed fifteen months after the effective termination date. Policies written or renewing after December 31, 2000 are not covered under this lower level excess of loss reinsurance policy.
Reinsurance contracts do not relieve us from our obligations to policyholders. We expect reinsurers to which we have ceded reinsurance to honor their obligations. Failure of these reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to us. We do not anticipate any such losses and accordingly, no provision for amounts deemed uncollectible are included in our financial statements. We attempt to minimize our exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvency by monitoring the financial condition of our reinsurers. The reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses associated with reinsurers are as follows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Excess of loss reinsurance through various reinsurers | | $ | 77,168 | | | $ | 83,318 | |
57
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The effect of ceded reinsurance on premiums written and claim and claim settlement expenses are as follows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | | | | |
|
Premiums written: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct | | $ | 49,893 | | | $ | 57,716 | | | $ | 64,687 | | | | | |
Ceded | | | (8,761 | ) | | | (10,452 | ) | | | (9,688 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 41,132 | | | $ | 47,264 | | | $ | 54,999 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Claim and claim settlement expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct | | $ | 28,947 | | | $ | 40,705 | | | $ | 48,909 | | | | | |
Ceded | | | 1,187 | | | | (9,898 | ) | | | (13,373 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net claim and claim settlement expenses | | $ | 30,134 | | | $ | 30,807 | | | $ | 35,536 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The reinsurance recoverable on paid claim and claim settlement expenses consists primarily of receivables from paid claim and claim settlement expenses that were submitted but not yet reimbursed by reinsurers at December 31, 2006 and 2005.
Note 5 — UNPAID CLAIM AND CLAIM SETTLEMENT EXPENSES
As described in Note 1, we establish unpaid claim and claim settlement expense reserves on reported and unreported claims for insured losses. Establishing appropriate reserves is an inherently uncertain process. Furthermore, estimating ultimate reserves is difficult due to our relatively limited historical claim data and small claim population. Estimates are further complicated by the extended periods of time that elapse between the date losses occur and the date losses are reported and ultimately settled. Reserve estimates are regularly reviewed and updated, using the most current information available. Any resulting adjustments, which may be material, are reflected in current operations.
The following table represents a reconciliation of beginning and ending unpaid claim and claim settlement expense reserves for each of the last three years (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Balance at January 1 | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 156,123 | | | $ | 150,044 | |
Less reinsurance recoverables | | | (83,318 | ) | | | (77,722 | ) | | | (71,466 | ) |
Plus deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance | | | 49 | | | | 49 | | | | 49 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net balance at January 1 | | | 76,872 | | | | 78,450 | | | | 78,627 | |
Incurred related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 31,933 | | | | 36,264 | | | | 42,583 | |
Prior years | | | (1,799 | ) | | | (5,457 | ) | | | (7,047 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 30,134 | | | | 30,807 | | | | 35,536 | |
Paid related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 11,847 | | | | 11,748 | | | | 12,666 | |
Prior years | | | 19,951 | | | | 20,637 | | | | 23,047 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total paid | | | 31,798 | | | | 32,385 | | | | 35,713 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net balance at December 31 | | | 75,208 | | | | 76,872 | | | | 78,450 | |
Plus reinsurance recoverables | | | 77,168 | | | | 83,318 | | | | 77,722 | |
Plus deferred gain on retroactive reinsurance | | | (49 | ) | | | (49 | ) | | | (49 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31 | | $ | 152,327 | | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 156,123 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
58
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Changes in estimates of unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses for prior years decreased the provision for claim and claim settlement expenses by $1.8 million, $5.5 million and $7.0 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Our estimate for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses decreased in 2006 due to the following: (i) the reduction in our gross premiums earned in 2006; (ii) our improved effectiveness in managing open claims, closing them earlier than originally anticipated; and (iii) our estimate of the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses is difficult and volatile due to our relatively limited historical claim data and small claim population.
Our estimate for reinsurance recoverables decreased in 2006 due to: (i) the reduction in our gross premiums earned in 2006; and (ii) payments and the related recoveries on prior year ceded claim and claim settlement expenses.
Our estimate for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses decreased in 2005 due to the following: (i) we improved our effectiveness in managing open claims, closing them earlier than originally anticipated; and (ii) our estimate of the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses is difficult and volatile due to our relatively limited historical claim data and small claim population.
Our estimate for reinsurance recoverables increased in 2005 due to: (i) increasing our large loss development factors based on changes in industry data offset by; (ii) payments and the related recoveries on prior year ceded claim and claim settlement expenses.
Our estimate for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses decreased in 2004 due to the following: (i) the frequency of claims reported in 2004 for 2003 and prior years was less than anticipated when we determined our liability in 2003; and (ii) our estimate of the liability for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses is difficult and volatile due to our relatively limited historical claim data and small claim population.
Our estimate for reinsurance recoverables increased in 2004 due to the growth in our gross premiums earned in 2004 offset by payments and the related recoveries on prior year ceded claim and claim settlement expenses.
We recovered $4.9 million, $5.0 million and $6.6 million from reinsurers during 2006, 2005 and 2004 respectively.
Note 6 — SEGMENT INFORMATION
Prior to January 1, 2006, our Insurance segment was our only reportable operating segment. During the first quarter of 2006, based on growth in our Service revenue, we enhanced our financial information concerning our products and services. We currently evaluate our operations through two reportable business segments: Insurance and Service. These segments are distinct operating units that offer different products and require different marketing strategies. Our Insurance segment underwrites workers’ compensation insurance for employers through our insurance subsidiaries American Compensation Insurance Company (ACIC) and Bloomington Compensation Insurance Company (BCIC). Our Service segment provides non-insurance services to self-insured employers, state assigned risk plans, other insurance companies and agents through our Absentia division.
We evaluate segment profitability using income from operations before income taxes. All revenues and expenses are reflected in our reportable segment results. Expense allocations are based on certain assumptions and estimates; stated segment results would change if different methods were applied. We do not allocate depreciation and amortization expense to our service segment as such disclosure would be impracticable. No single customer provides 10% or more of our total revenue.
59
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The following tables summarize the components of our revenues and income before income taxes and net income by reportable business segment (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Insurance | | | Service | | | Consolidated | |
|
2006: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 42,606 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 42,606 | |
Investment income | | | 5,325 | | | | — | | | | 5,325 | |
Net realized investment gains | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Service revenue | | | — | | | | 5,941 | | | | 5,941 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating revenues | | $ | 47,931 | | | $ | 5,941 | | | $ | 53,872 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 4,679 | | | $ | 543 | | | $ | 5,222 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 2,959 | | | $ | 329 | | | $ | 3,288 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Insurance | | | Service | | | Consolidated | |
|
2005: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 49,420 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 49,420 | |
Investment income | | | 4,613 | | | | — | | | | 4,613 | |
Net realized investment gains | | | 580 | | | | — | | | | 580 | |
Service revenue | | | — | | | | 4,398 | | | | 4,398 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating revenues | | $ | 54,613 | | | $ | 4,398 | | | $ | 59,011 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 9,208 | | | $ | 871 | | | $ | 10,079 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 5,449 | | | $ | 549 | | | $ | 5,998 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Insurance | | | Service | | | Consolidated | |
|
2004: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 53,682 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 53,682 | |
Investment income | | | 3,667 | | | | — | | | | 3,667 | |
Net realized investment gains | | | 705 | | | | — | | | | 705 | |
Service revenue | | | — | | | | 633 | | | | 633 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating revenues | | $ | 58,054 | | | $ | 633 | | | $ | 58,687 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | $ | 7,945 | | | $ | 127 | | | $ | 8,072 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 9,861 | | | $ | 80 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
60
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The following table summarizes identifiable assets by reportable business segment (amounts in 000’s):
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31,
| | | December 31,
| |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Insurance | | $ | 210,133 | | | $ | 217,915 | |
Service | | | 3,140 | | | | 1,739 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total identifiable assets by reportable business segment | | | 213,273 | | | | 219,654 | |
Corporate | | | 5,166 | | | | 8,817 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Consolidated total assets | | $ | 218,439 | | | $ | 228,471 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Note 7 — INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Current: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | $ | 1,358 | | | $ | 3,161 | | | $ | 651 | |
State | | | 144 | | | | 321 | | | | 56 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total current tax expense | | | 1,502 | | | | 3,482 | | | | 707 | |
Deferred: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | | 432 | | | | 599 | | | | (2,576 | ) |
State | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | �� | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax expense (benefit) | | | 432 | | | | 599 | | | | (2,576 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | $ | 1,934 | | | $ | 4,081 | | | $ | (1,869 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our income tax benefit differs from the federal statutory rate as follows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Federal income tax expense at 35% | | $ | 1,828 | | | $ | 3,528 | | | $ | 2,825 | |
Increase (reduction) in income tax expense (benefit) resulting from: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit | | | 116 | | | | 209 | | | | 36 | |
Tax-exempt investment income | | | (160 | ) | | | (162 | ) | | | (123 | ) |
Non-deductible share-based compensation and other expenses | | | 116 | | | | 13 | | | | 7 | |
Deferred income tax valuation allowance | | | — | | | | — | | | | (4,040 | ) |
Tax expense (benefit) related to prior periods | | | — | | | | 495 | | | | (495 | ) |
Other | | | 34 | | | | (2 | ) | | | (79 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | $ | 1,934 | | | $ | 4,081 | | | $ | (1,869 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax expense (benefit) for 2006, 2005 and 2004 included adjustments for differences between our tax provision computation and final tax expense based on our filed tax returns.
Differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years are called temporary differences.
61
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to net deferred tax assets, included within other assets, are as follows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
|
Unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses | | $ | 4,659 | | | $ | 5,023 | |
Accrued second injury funds | | | 47 | | | | 37 | |
Unearned premiums | | | 1,449 | | | | 1,639 | |
Retroactive reinsurance | | | 17 | | | | 17 | |
Net unrealized loss on securities | | | 580 | | | | 620 | |
Other | | | 553 | | | | 461 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 7,305 | | | | 7,797 | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | (693 | ) | | | (764 | ) |
Depreciation | | | (201 | ) | | | (204 | ) |
Other | | | (262 | ) | | | (208 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | (1,156 | ) | | | (1,176 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax asset | | $ | 6,149 | | | $ | 6,621 | |
| | | | | | | | |
In assessing our ability to realize the future benefit of deferred tax assets, we consider recent operating results, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies. The valuation allowance decreased to $4.0 million in 2003 based on our projected taxable income and available tax planning strategies. In 2004, we eliminated the remaining allowance as we expect the entire deferred tax asset will be realized as a result of income and the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences in the future
Income taxes receivable were approximately $1.2 million and $381,000 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and are included in other assets.
Note 8 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We have stock-based compensation plans, including the RTW, Inc. 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and Trust (ESPP), the 1994 Stock Plan and the 2005 Stock Plan, for our directors, officers and certain employees. The ESPP provides employees the opportunity to purchase shares of our stock at 85% of the fair value based on the lesser of the beginning or ending share price for each plan year as set forth in the plan. The 1994 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan permit the grant of stock-based awards as determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. Option price, option term, vesting provisions and other limits and restrictions are determined at the time of grant. Non-qualified and incentive stock options (as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code) are granted at the fair market value of our stock on the date of grant.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123R, “Share-based Payment,” that requires compensation expense related to share-based transactions, including employee stock options, be recognized in the financial statements based on fair value. SFAS No. 123R revises SFAS No. 123, as amended, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.”
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective transition method. Under this transition method, compensation expense recognized beginning January 1, 2006 includes: (i) all share-based options granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123; and (ii) all share-based options granted subsequent to December 31, 2005 based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite vesting period.
62
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Stock Option Pricing — The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, generally the vesting period. Use of a valuation model requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of our stock over a period of years equal to the expected life of the options. The average expected life was estimated based on an analysis of our historical exercise and forfeiture activity. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury issues with a remaining term that approximates the expected life of the option. We have never paid a dividend. The following assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2006:
| | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 |
|
Expected stock price volatility | | 28% to 46% | | 26% to 34% | | 41% to 74% |
Expected life of options (in years) | | 1 to 3.5 years | | 1 to 3 years | | 1 to 3.8 years |
Risk-free interest rate | | 4.7% to 5.1% | | 2.9% to 4.2% | | 1.2% to 3.3% |
The weighted average grant-date fair values of the options granted during years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $3.73, $1.84 and $2.13 per share, respectively. Intrinsic value is the difference between the market value of the shares on the date of exercise and the exercise price of the underlying award. The following information relates to option exercises during 2006, 2005 and 2004:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised | | $ | 385,000 | | | $ | 886,000 | | | $ | 917,000 | |
Income tax benefit realized from options exercised | | | 99,000 | | | | 218,000 | | | | 251,000 | |
Cash received upon exercise | | | 257,000 | | | | 338,000 | | | | 429,000 | |
As a result of adopting SFAS No. 123R, our results for 2006 include incremental share-based pre-tax compensation expense of $383,000 related to stock options. This expense has been included in the Consolidated Statement of Income under general and administrative expenses. We have recognized a related tax benefit associated with our share-based compensation arrangements of $28,000 for 2006. No stock-based compensation expense was recognized for options granted for 2005 and 2004 in the Consolidated Statements of Income, as we had historically accounted for share-based compensation under the intrinsic value method of APB 25. The incremental expense, net of the related tax benefit, resulted in a $0.07 and $0.06 decrease in basic and diluted earnings per share, respectively, for 2006.
Prior period amounts have not been restated to reflect adopting SFAS No. 123R. Had we calculated compensation expense for our option grants under the 1994 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan and stock issuances under our ESPP based on the fair value method described in SFAS No. 123, our net income and basic and diluted net
63
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
income per share for 2005 and 2004 would approximate the following pro forma amounts (in 000’s, except per share data):
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Net income, as reported: | | $ | 5,998 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
Less: Total stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax expense | | | (185 | ) | | | (434 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Pro forma net income | | $ | 5,813 | | | $ | 9,507 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Basic net income per share: | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 1.11 | | | $ | 1.90 | |
Pro forma | | $ | 1.08 | | | $ | 1.82 | |
Diluted net income per share: | | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 1.06 | | | $ | 1.81 | |
Pro forma | | $ | 1.03 | | | $ | 1.73 | |
At December 31, 2006, the total compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards under the ESPP, 1994 Stock Plan and the 2005 Stock Plan not yet recognized was $258,000. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the options. Accordingly, we anticipate that we will recognize approximately, $174,000, $65,000 and $19,000 of compensation expense in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively, related to unvested awards outstanding at December 31, 2006.
1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan —The ESPP provides employees the opportunity to purchase shares of our stock at 85% of fair value based on the lesser of the beginning or ending share price for each plan year as set forth in the plan. In 2003, we increased the shares reserved for distribution under the ESPP from 100,000 to 150,000 shares. In 2004, the ESPP was amended to allow the issuance of stock within 10 years of any increase in the number of shares authorized to be issued under the plan. In 2005, we further increased the shares reserved for distribution under the plan from 150,000 to 200,000 shares. The ESPP terminates in 2013 and will be carried out in phases, each consisting of one year or a different period of time approved by our Board. Any employee completing two weeks of service prior to commencing a phase of the plan may participate. Employees may elect to contribute from $10 to 10% of monthly salary to the plan through payroll withholdings. The following summarizes shares purchased and purchase prices for each phase in the most recent three years completed through December 2006:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Shares
| | | Purchase
| |
Phase: | | Purchased | | | Price | |
|
Beginning April 2003, expiring April 2004 | | | 21,151 | | | $ | 3.23 | |
Beginning April 2004, expiring April 2005 | | | 17,279 | | | $ | 5.72 | |
Beginning April 2005, expiring April 2006 | | | 17,501 | | | | 8.61 | |
The twelfth one-year phase began in April 2006 and expires in April 2007. Our liability for employee contributions withheld at December 31, 2006 and 2005 for the purchase of shares in April 2007 and April 2006 under the ESPP was $107,000 and $116,000, respectively.
1994 Stock Plan —The 1994 Stock Plan provides for awards of incentive stock options (as defined in section 422 of the Internal Revenue code) and non-qualified stock options. In July 1998, our Board increased the shares reserved for distribution under the plan to 1,000,000. Option price, option term, vesting provisions and other limits and restrictions are determined at the time of grant by our Board or by a separate committee established by the Board. The exercise price for all options granted was the market price of the common stock at the date of grant. The ability to award incentive stock options under this Plan terminated in June 2004.
64
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Options granted, exercised, cancelled and outstanding under the 1994 Stock Plan are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Qualified | | | Non-Qualified | |
| | | | | Weighted
| | | | | | Weighted
| |
| | | | | Average
| | | | | | Average
| |
| | Option
| | | Exercise
| | | Option
| | | Exercise
| |
| | Shares | | | Price | | | Shares | | | Price | |
|
Balance, January 1, 2004 | | | 275,519 | | | $ | 5.61 | | | | 259,375 | | | $ | 2.75 | |
Granted | | | 209,948 | | | | 6.14 | | | | 79,302 | | | | 6.14 | |
Exercised | | | (43,468 | ) | | | 2.22 | | | | (133,500 | ) | | | 2.18 | |
Canceled | | | (38,572 | ) | | | 6.21 | | | | (1,875 | ) | | | 5.33 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2004 | | | 403,427 | | | | 6.19 | | | | 203,302 | | | | 4.43 | |
Granted | | | — | | | | — | | | | 62,500 | | | | 9.02 | |
Exercised | | | (59,267 | ) | | | 2.60 | | | | (43,000 | ) | | | 1.98 | |
Canceled | | | (9,857 | ) | | | 5.52 | | | | (6,667 | ) | | | 6.45 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2005 | | | 334,303 | | | | 6.85 | | | | 216,135 | | | | 6.18 | |
Exercised | | | (30,385 | ) | | | 3.73 | | | | (14,704 | ) | | | 2.35 | |
Canceled | | | (11,013 | ) | | | 12.65 | | | | (2,129 | ) | | | 6.45 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2006 | | | 292,905 | | | $ | 6.95 | | | | 199,302 | | | $ | 6.46 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Incentive stock options expire ten years from the date of grant and substantially all are subject to continued employment with us. Each of the non-qualified options expires ten years from the date of grant with the exception of certain options granted to our founder that expire five years from the date of grant. Options are generally subject to vesting provisions that restrict exercise of the option.
2005 Stock Plan —The 2005 Stock Plan was approved by the shareholders in June 2005 and provides for awards of incentive stock options (as defined in section 422 of the Internal Revenue code) and non-qualified stock options. Option price, option term, vesting provisions and other limits and restrictions are determined at the time of grant by the Board or by a separate committee established by the Board. The exercise price for all options granted was the market price of the common stock at the date of grant.
Options granted, exercised, cancelled and outstanding under the 2005 Stock Plan are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Qualified | | | Non-Qualified | |
| | | | | Weighted
| | | | | | Weighted
| |
| | | | | Average
| | | | | | Average
| |
| | Option
| | | Exercise
| | | Option
| | | Exercise
| |
| | Shares | | | Price | | | Shares | | | Price | |
|
Balance, January 1, 2005 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Granted | | | 15,000 | | | | 11.72 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Exercised | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Canceled | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2005 | | | 15,000 | | | | 11.72 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Granted | | | 77,500 | | | | 11.13 | | | | 20,000 | | | | 10.87 | |
Exercised | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Canceled | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2006 | | | 92,500 | | | $ | 11.23 | | | | 20,000 | | | $ | 10.87 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
65
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Incentive stock options expire ten years from the date of grant and substantially all are subject to continued employment with us. Each of the non-qualified options expires ten years from the date of grant. Options are generally subject to vesting provisions that restrict exercise of the option. The following table summarizes the options outstanding and exercisable under both the 1994 Stock Plan and the 2005 Stock Plan December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Options Exercisable | |
| | | | | Options Outstanding | | | | | | Weighted
| |
| | | | | Number
| | | Weighted Average | | | Number
| | | Average
| |
| | | | | of
| | | Contractual
| | | Exercise
| | | of
| | | Exercise
| |
Exercise Price Range | | | | | Options | | | Life | | | Price | | | Options | | | Price | |
|
Incentive stock options: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$ | 14.00 - $21.50 | | | | | | 32,352 | | | | 1.4 years | | | $ | 15.42 | | | | 32,352 | | | $ | 15.42 | |
| 8.75 - 12.04 | | | | | | 126,500 | | | | 7.5 years | | | | 11.04 | | | | 68,583 | | | | 10.81 | |
| 6.00 - 6.18 | | | | | | 156,153 | | | | 7.1 years | | | | 6.13 | | | | 139,487 | | | | 6.15 | |
| 2.19 - 4.50 | | | | | | 70,400 | | | | 5.5 years | | | | 2.86 | | | | 70,400 | | | | 2.86 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$ | 2.19 - $21.50 | | | | | | 385,405 | | | | 6.5 years | | | $ | 7.92 | | | | 310,822 | | | $ | 7.40 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-qualified stock options: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$ | 31.75 | | | | | | 5,000 | | | | 0.1 years | | | $ | 31.75 | | | | 5,000 | | | $ | 31.75 | |
| 6.00 - 10.87 | | | | | | 151,802 | | | | 7.9 years | | | | 7.93 | | | | 115,963 | | | | 7.39 | |
| 1.98 - 3.13 | | | | | | 62,500 | | | | 5.4 years | | | | 2.25 | | | | 62,500 | | | | 2.25 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
$ | 1.98 - $31.75 | | | | | | 219,302 | | | | 7.0 years | | | $ | 6.85 | | | | 183,463 | | | $ | 6.30 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying award and the $9.02 closing price of our common stock for options that werein-the-money at December 31, 2006. The intrinsic value of the options outstanding and exercisable was $1.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2006.
Note 9 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Employment Contracts —We entered into an employment agreement with our President and Chief Executive Officer, Jeffrey B. Murphy beginning December 17, 2003. Under the original agreement, Mr. Murphy received a base salary of $250,000, subject to review annually for increase by our Board of Directors. In addition to base salary, Mr. Murphy was eligible for bonuses, expense reimbursements and health, dental, life and disability insurance consistent with that provided to other officers and employees. Additionally, Mr. Murphy was granted 100,000 options at $6.00 per share which vest over four years on March 12, 2004. Mr. Murphy’s annual base salary was increased to $275,000 effective April 1, 2005 and increased to $350,000 effective April 1, 2006 with the remaining terms of his agreement continuing unchanged.
Combined Retirement Plan — We combine our 401(k) Retirement Plan and Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) into a single KSOP retirement plan. The KSOP retains the features of each separate component except for eligibility and vesting provisions. Under the plan, employees become eligible to participate in the plan on the first day of the month after beginning employment and attaining age 21.
401(k) Retirement Component — We sponsor a defined contribution retirement component under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code for eligible employees. Our contributions are discretionary and are based on contributions made by employees. Expense recognized for 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $256,000, $224,000 and $221,000, respectively.
66
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Employee Stock Ownership Component — We maintain an ESOP for our qualified employees. Our contributions are discretionary. We may contribute cash or shares of our common stock. No contributions were made or expense recorded in 2006, 2005 or 2004.
Other Employee Benefit Plans — We maintained bonus plans in 2006, 2005 and 2004 under which all employees, including officers, were eligible for a bonus based on our operating results. These bonuses aggregated $1.5 million and $1.3 million in 2005 and 2004 respectively. No bonus was earned or accrued for 2006.
Note 10 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
On March 30, 2006, we announced that our Board approved resuming our common stock share repurchase program. In September 1998, our Board authorized us to repurchase, fromtime-to-time pursuant to the program, up to $4.0 million of common stock. On May 1, 2006, our Board authorized a $1.0 million increase in the share repurchase program to $5.0 million and authorized and additional $1.0 million increase to $6.0 million on October 25, 2006.
We repurchased 229,000 shares under this program in 2006 for $2.3 million, at an average purchase price of $10.24 per share and we purchased 90,000 shares at $11.00 per share in a private transaction from our founder. No shares were repurchased under this program in 2005 or 2004. At December 31, 2006, we had a total of $867,000 authorized for additional share re-purchases under the program.
These repurchases will be made in the open market in compliance with the SEC’sRule 10b-18, or through privately negotiated transactions, and are subject to market conditions, share price, trading volume and other factors. The repurchase program has no time limit and may be suspended fromtime-to-time or discontinued. The share repurchases will be made from available capital.
Shareholder Rights Plan —In April 1997, we adopted a shareholder rights plan and declared a dividend of one right for each outstanding share of common stock to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 30, 1997. The rights become exercisable only after any person or group (the Acquiring Person) becomes the beneficial owner of 15% or more of the voting power of our common stock. Shares held by our Chairman Emeritus, David C. Prosser, and his wife are excluded from the computation for determining whether a person is an Acquiring Person. Each right entitles its registered holder to purchase from us one one-hundredth share of a new Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, no par value, at a price of $85 per one one-hundredth share, subject to adjustment. If any Acquiring Person acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of our voting power, each right will entitle its holder (other than such Acquiring Person) to purchase, at the then current purchase price of the right, that number of shares of our common stock having a market value of two times the purchase price of the right, subject to certain possible adjustments. In addition, if we are acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction, each right will entitle its holder to purchase, at the then current purchase price of the right, that number of common shares of the acquiring company having a market value of two times the purchase price of the right. Following the acquisition of a beneficial ownership of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock by any Acquiring Person and prior to an acquisition by any Acquiring Person of 50% or more of our outstanding common stock, our Board of Directors may exchange the outstanding rights (other than rights owned by such Acquiring Person), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of common stock, or one one-hundredth share of Preferred Stock (or equivalent securities) per right, subject to adjustment. We may redeem the rights, in whole, at $.001 per right, at any time prior to an acquisition by any Acquiring Person of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock and prior to the expiration of the rights. The rights expire on April 17, 2007, unless extended or earlier redeemed by us.
Dividend Restrictions —Dividends are paid as determined by our Board of Directors. No cash dividends have ever been paid by us.
Our ability to pay cash dividends to shareholders may depend upon the amount of dividends received from our insurance subsidiary. The amount of dividends that ACIC can pay is restricted by law or subject to approval of the insurance regulatory authorities of Minnesota. Under Minnesota insurance law regulating the payment of dividends
67
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
by ACIC, dividends must be paid solely from ACIC’s earned surplus (unassigned funds), as determined in accordance with Statutory Accounting Practices. Further, pursuant to Minnesota legal requirements, any dividends paid which, when combined with other dividends paid within the previous12-month period, which exceed the greater of 10% of: (1) statutory capital and surplus with regard to policyholders on December 31 of the prior year-end; or (2) 100% of our net income, not including realized capital gains, for the twelve month period ending on December 31of the preceding year, but does not include any pro rata distributions of any class of the insurer’s own securities, requires the prior approval of the Minnesota Department of Commerce (MDC). For 2007, dividends in excess of $2.5 million would require prior approval of the MDC.
Statutory Surplus and Statutory Net Income — Our insurance subsidiaries are required to file financial statements with state regulatory agencies. The accounting principles used to prepare the statutory financial statements follow prescribed accounting practices that differ from GAAP. Consolidated statutory capital and surplus at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and consolidated statutory net income for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are as follows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Statutory
| | | | |
| | Capital and
| | | Statutory
| |
| | Surplus | | | Net Income | |
|
2006 | | $ | 46,566 | | | $ | 2,772 | |
2005 | | | 43,597 | | | | 4,295 | |
2004 | | | | | | | 7,540 | |
Note 11 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Leases — We conduct our operations in leased office facilities under operating lease agreements. The agreements provide for monthly base lease payments plus contingent rentals based on an allocable portion of certain operating expenses incurred by the lessor.
Future minimum (base) rental payments required under the leases, as of December 31, 2006, are as follows (000’s):
| | | | |
2007 | | $ | 1,169 | |
2008 | | | 1,329 | |
2009 | | | 1,372 | |
2010 | | | 1,320 | |
2011 | | | 1.224 | |
2012 | | | 968 | |
2013 | | | 16 | |
Rent expense, including contingent rentals, was $1.1 million for each of 2006, 2005 and 2004.
Litigation: In the ordinary course of administering our workers’ compensation programs, we are routinely involved in the adjudication of claims resulting from workplace injuries. We are not involved in any other legal or administrative claims that we believe are likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. During 2006, the following legal proceeding was resolved on our favor:
RTW v. Carolina Casualty: On April 12, 2005, RTW, Inc. commenced a Declaratory Judgment action in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota against Carolina Casualty Insurance Company. In the lawsuit, RTW sought a Court determination that RTW was not liable for any part of a $1.9 million judgment entered against an insured of Carolina Casualty in District Court in Utah. Carolina Casualty counterclaimed against RTW alleging that RTW owed it $1.9 million, plus interest and attorneys fees.
68
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The RTW v. Carolina Casualty lawsuit grew out of an earlier lawsuit. On December 12, 2002, a Colorado employee of a Colorado care company insured by RTW’s subsidiary, American Compensation Insurance Company, was injured in an automobile accident in Utah. The injured employee brought a separate underlying suit against Carolina Casualty’s insured trucking company and driver for damages suffered as a result of the automobile accident.
While the underlying suit was pending, RTW administered and paid the workers’ compensation claim of the insured employee. The total amount paid or accrued for future payment by RTW was $163,586. RTW then sought indemnification from Carolina Casualty under subrogation rights. In August 2004, Carolina Casualty’s insured trucking company admitted full liability for the accident in the underlying suit.
In December 2004, Carolina Casualty agreed to pay and did pay RTW the full amount of RTW’s subrogation claim. On January 14, 2005, after a jury trial on the injured employee’s damages, the U.S. District Court in Utah entered a judgment of $1.9 million against Carolina Casualty’s insured, which was equal to the injured employee’s total damages, including $1,250,000 in general damages, less the $163,586 representing workers compensation benefits that had been paid, or accrued for future payments by RTW. Carolina Casualty subsequently settled the lawsuit with the injured worker for $1.8 million.
In preparing the December 2004 settlement agreement for the workers’ compensation subrogation claim, counsel appointed by Carolina Casualty for its insured inserted the provision that Carolina Casualty in its counterclaim alleged required full indemnification by RTW of any amounts that Carolina Casualty paid the injured employee as a result of the liability of Carolina Casualty’s insured.
After Carolina Casualty’s attorneys requested indemnification pursuant to this provision, RTW commenced the Declaratory Judgment suit described above. Discovery was completed and cross motions for summary judgment in the lawsuit were argued in front of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota on May 8, 2006.
In a Memorandum of Law and Order dated September 18, 2006, Judge Michael J. Davis granted RTW’s motion for Summary Judgment. The Court determined that RTW did not clearly and unequivocally agree to indemnify Carolina Casualty for damages awarded during the underlying Utah lawsuit. The Court further noted that even if RTW had displayed a clear and unequivocal intent to indemnify Carolina Casualty under the agreement, RTW would still be entitled to equitable reformation on the grounds of mutual mistake under Utah law.
Accordingly, RTW is not liable to Carolina Casualty for payment of any amounts Carolina Casualty paid the plaintiff.
Carolina Casualty did not appeal the Court’s decision and the Court Order became final in the fourth quarter of 2006.
69
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Note 12 — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Our accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income includes only unrealized gains and losses on investments classified asavailable-for-sale. Changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and other comprehensive loss were as follows (000’s):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, beginning of year | | $ | (1,151 | ) | | $ | 378 | | | $ | 973 | |
Changes in comprehensive (loss) income arising during the year: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net unrealized investment losses | | | 114 | | | | (1,763 | ) | | | (220 | ) |
Less: Adjustment for net realized investment gains | | | — | | | | 580 | | | | 705 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in net unrealized investment losses | | | 114 | | | | (2,343 | ) | | | (925 | ) |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 40 | | | | (814 | ) | | | (330 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year | | | 74 | | | | (1,529 | ) | | | (595 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, end of year | | $ | (1,077 | ) | | $ | (1,151 | ) | | $ | 378 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note 13 — QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS(Unaudited)
Quarterly revenues are affected by: (i) premiums in force at the beginning of the quarter; (ii) new policies written in the quarter; (iii) final audit premiums recognized during the quarter; and (iv) our policy renewal rate in the quarter. Historically, a majority of new policies written and policy renewals have occurred in the first, second and fourth quarters.
70
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The following tables present unaudited quarterly income for the eight quarters ended December 31, 2006:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | First
| | | Second
| | | Third
| | | Fourth
| |
| | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | |
| | (In thousands, except per share data) | |
|
2006 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums in force | | $ | 52,900 | | | $ | 51,700 | | | $ | 48,900 | | | $ | 47,500 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | $ | 12,988 | | | $ | 13,193 | | | $ | 12,949 | | | $ | 12,237 | |
Premiums ceded | | | (2,152 | ) | | | (2,150 | ) | | | (2,112 | ) | | | (2,347 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | | 10,836 | | | | 11,043 | | | | 10,837 | | | | 9,890 | |
Net investment income | | | 1,305 | | | | 1,324 | | | | 1,336 | | | | 1,360 | |
Service revenue | | | 1,568 | | | | 1,752 | | | | 1,391 | | | | 1,230 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 13,709 | | | | 14,119 | | | | 13,564 | | | | 12,480 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Claim and claim settlement expenses | | | 7,159 | | | | 7,323 | | | | 8,029 | | | | 7,623 | |
Policy acquisition costs | | | 1,262 | | | | 1,298 | | | | 1,291 | | | | 1,309 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 3,654 | | | | 3,333 | | | | 2,825 | | | | 3,544 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 12,075 | | | | 11,954 | | | | 12,145 | | | | 12,476 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from operations | | $ | 1,634 | | | $ | 2,165 | | | $ | 1,419 | | | $ | 4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 1,054 | | | $ | 1,434 | | | $ | 951 | | | $ | (151 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic income per share | | $ | 0.19 | | | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | 0.18 | | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted income per share | | $ | 0.19 | | | $ | 0.26 | | | $ | 0.17 | | | $ | (0.03 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
The following represent pre-tax adjustments recorded during 2006 that affected reported net income: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net changes in estimates for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses on claims reported in prior periods | | $ | 850 | | | $ | 750 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Bonus expense | | | (398 | ) | | | 10 | | | | 388 | | | | — | |
71
RTW, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | First
| | | Second
| | | Third
| | | Fourth
| |
| | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | | | Quarter | |
| | (In thousands, except per share data) | |
|
2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums in force | | $ | 62,100 | | | $ | 58,500 | | | $ | 55,900 | | | $ | 52,900 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | $ | 15,730 | | | $ | 15,002 | | | $ | 15,261 | | | $ | 13,879 | |
Premiums ceded | | | (2,750 | ) | | | (2,612 | ) | | | (2,609 | ) | | | (2,481 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | | 12,980 | | | | 12,390 | | | | 12,652 | | | | 11,398 | |
Net investment income | | | 1,054 | | | | 1,108 | | | | 1,207 | | | | 1,244 | |
Net realized investment gains | | | 135 | | | | 445 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Service revenue | | | 595 | | | | 940 | | | | 1,366 | | | | 1,497 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 14,764 | | | | 14,883 | | | | 15,225 | | | | 14,139 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Claim and claim settlement expenses | | | 8,900 | | | | 8,518 | | | | 8,563 | | | | 4,826 | |
Policy acquisition costs | | | 1,425 | | | | 1,542 | | | | 1,288 | | | | 1,201 | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 2,875 | | | | 2,817 | | | | 3,093 | | | | 3,884 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 13,200 | | | | 12,877 | | | | 12,944 | | | | 9,911 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from operations | | $ | 1,564 | | | $ | 2,006 | | | $ | 2,281 | | | $ | 4,228 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 1,049 | | | $ | 1,321 | | | $ | 1,521 | | | $ | 2,107 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic income per share | | $ | 0.20 | | | $ | 0.24 | | | $ | 0.28 | | | $ | 0.39 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted income per share | | $ | 0.19 | | | $ | 0.23 | | | $ | 0.27 | | | $ | 0.37 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
The following represent pre-tax adjustments recorded during 2005 that affected reported net income: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains | | $ | 135 | | | $ | 445 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net changes in estimates for unpaid claim and claim settlement expenses on claims reported in prior periods | | | 500 | | | | 500 | | | | 500 | | | | 3,550 | |
Bonus expense | | | (223 | ) | | | (82 | ) | | | (220 | ) | | | (998 | ) |
We reclassified certain first quarter amounts within our Consolidated Statements of Income during the six months ended June 30, 2005 to be consistent with the second quarter presentation. Total expenses, net income and income per share amounts were unchanged.
72
| |
ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
| |
ITEM 9A (T). | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Jeffrey B. Murphy, and Chief Financial Officer, Alfred L. LaTendresse, have reviewed the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange ActRule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this review, these officers have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that the disclosure controls are also effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s Exchange Act reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
b) Changes in Internal Controls
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined inRules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2006, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
| |
ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None
PART III
| |
ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
Information with respect to Directors is contained in the Section entitled “Election of Directors” in our 2007 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Information with respect to Executive Officers is included in PART I of this Annual Report onForm 10-K.
| |
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
Information required under this item is contained in the Section entitled “Executive Compensation and Other Information” in our 2007 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
| |
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
Information required under this item is contained in the Section entitled “Security Ownership of Principal Shareholders and Management” in our 2007 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
| |
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
Information required under this item is contained in the Section entitled “Certain Transactions” in our 2007 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
73
| |
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
Information required under this item is contained in the Section entitled “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” in our 2007 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
| |
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
(a) Documents filed as Part of this Report
(1) Financial Statements. The following Consolidated Financial Statements are set forth on pages 46 through 62, Item 8 of this Report.
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2006 and 2005 |
Consolidated Statements of Income — Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 |
(2) Financial Statement Schedules for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2006
| | | | |
| | Page |
|
| | | S-1 | |
| | | S-2 | |
| | | S-3 | |
| | | S-7 | |
| | | S-8 | |
| | | S-9 | |
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the notes thereto.
(c) Listing of Exhibits (* indicates compensatory plan)
| | | | |
| 3 | .1 | | Amended Articles of Incorporation(10) |
| 3 | .2 | | Amended Bylaws(1) |
| 4 | .1 | | Form of Rights Agreement dated April 17, 1997 between RTW, Inc. and Norwest Bank Minnesota National Association(2) |
| 10 | .1* | | Employment agreement between RTW, Inc. and Jeffrey B. Murphy dated March 28, 2006(13) |
| 10 | .2* | | Amended RTW, Inc. 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan(11) |
| 10 | .3* | | Amended RTW, Inc. 1994 Stock Plan(4) |
| 10 | .4* | | RTW, Inc. 2005 Stock Plan(12) |
| 10 | .5 | | Contract between RTW and ACIC dated January 1, 1992(5) |
| 10 | .6 | | Service Agreement between RTW and ACIC dated February 1, 1992(5) |
| 10 | .7* | | Description of the 2007 Performance Incentive Programs |
| 10 | .8 | | Reinsurance contract between ACIC and First Excess and Reinsurance Corporation (GE Reinsurance Corporation) effective July 1, 1998(3) |
| 10 | .9 | | Endorsement No. 2 to the reinsurance contract between ACIC and General Reinsurance Corporation(3) |
| 10 | .9.1 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2002 between ACIC and General Reinsurance Corporation effective January 1, 2002(6) |
74
| | | | |
| 10 | .9.2 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2003 between ACIC and General Reinsurance Corporation effective January 1, 2003(7) |
| 10 | .9.3 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2004 between ACIC and General Reinsurance Corporation effective January 1, 2004(8) |
| 10 | .9.4 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2005 between ACIC and General Reinsurance Corporation effective January 1, 2005(9) |
| 10 | .9.5 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2006 between ACIC and General Reinsurance Corporation effective January 1, 2006(13) |
| 10 | .10 | | Minnesota Workers’ Compensation Reinsurance Association reinsurance agreement |
| 10 | .11 | | Election form for the 2006 Minnesota Workers’ Compensation Reinsurance Association reinsurance agreement |
| 10 | .12 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2003 between ACIC and Everest Re/Platinum Re effective January 1, 2003(7) |
| 10 | .13 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2004 between ACIC and various reinsurers effective January 1, 2004(8) |
| 10 | .14 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2005 between ACIC and various reinsurers effective January 1, 2005(9) |
| 10 | .15 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2006 between ACIC and various reinsurers effective January 1, 2006(13) |
| 10 | .16 | | Description of the Reinsurance Agreement for 2007 between ACIC and various reinsurers effective January 1, 2007 |
| 10 | .17 | | Minnesota Lease Addendum dated December 5, 2006 |
| 11 | | | Statement re: Computation of Income Per Share |
| 21 | | | Subsidiaries of the Registrant: The Company has two subsidiaries, American Compensation Insurance Company (ACIC), a Minnesota corporation, and Bloomington Compensation Insurance Company, a Minnesota corporation |
| 23 | | | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
| 24 | | | Power of Attorney, included in Signature page |
| 31 | .1 | | Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer |
| 31 | .2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer |
| 32 | | | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, Adopted Pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003 |
| | |
(1) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on FormS-1 (Reg.No. 33-89164). |
|
(2) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form8-A filed April 25, 1997 (File No. 0-25508). |
|
(3) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 1998 Annual Report on Form10-K. |
|
(4) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on FormS-8 (Reg.No. 333-81408). |
|
(5) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement onForm SB-2 (Reg.No. 33-2003C). |
|
(6) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2001 Annual Report on Form10-K/A. |
|
(7) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2002 Annual Report on Form10-K. |
|
(8) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2003 Annual Report on Form10-K. |
|
(9) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2004 Annual Report on Form10-K. |
|
(10) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’sForm 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004. |
|
(11) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on FormS-8 (Reg.No. 333-114030) (March 30, 2004) |
|
(12) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on FormS-8 (Reg.No. 333-127107) (August 2, 2005) |
|
(13) | | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2005 Annual Report on Form10-K. |
75
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
RTW, INC.
| | |
| By: | /s/ Jeffrey B. Murphy |
Jeffrey B. Murphy
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: March 30, 2007
Signatures and Power of Attorney
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant, in the capacities, and on the dates, indicated. Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jeffrey B. Murphy and Alfred L. LaTendresse as his true and lawfulattorney-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, with full power of substitutions and re-substitution, for him and in his name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments to this Annual Report onForm 10-K and to file the same, with the exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
| | | | | | |
| | Signature | | Title | | Date |
|
/s/ John O. Goodwyne John O. Goodwyne | | Chairman of the Board | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Jeffrey B. Murphy Jeffrey B. Murphy | | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Alfred L. LaTendresse Alfred L. LaTendresse | | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ David C. Prosser David C. Prosser | | Chairman Emeritus of the Board | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Gregory D. Koschinska Gregory D. Koschinska | | Director | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ William J. Deters William J. Deters | | Director | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ John W. Prosser John W. Prosser | | Director | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Vina L. Marquart Vina L. Marquart | | Director | | March 30, 2007 |
| | | | |
/s/ Lyron L. Bentovim Lyron L. Bentovim | | Director | | March 30, 2007 |
76
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON SCHEDULES
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
RTW, Inc.
Minneapolis, Minnesota
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of RTW, Inc. as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006, and have issued our report thereon dated March 30, 2007. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in Item 15(a)(2) of this Report onForm 10-K. These schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits.
In our opinion, the financial statement schedules referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. As discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, in response to a new accounting standard, the Company changed its method of accounting for stock-based compensation effective January 1, 2006.
Minneapolis, Minnesota
March 30, 2007
S-1
SCHEDULE I
RTW, INC.
SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS
December 31, 2006
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Amount at
| |
| | | | | | | | Which Shown
| |
| | Amortized
| | | Fair
| | | in the Balance
| |
Type of Investment | | Cost | | | Value | | | Sheet | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
Fixed maturities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal securities | | $ | 18,463 | | | $ | 18,068 | | | $ | 18,068 | |
Commercial paper | | | 7,446 | | | | 7,446 | | | | 7,446 | |
Mortgage backed securities | | | 24,441 | | | | 24,127 | | | | 24,127 | |
Asset backed securities | | | 2,007 | | | | 1,954 | | | | 1,954 | |
United States government, government agencies and authorities | | | 60,389 | | | | 59,494 | | | | 59,494 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Investments | | $ | 112,746 | | | $ | 111,089 | | | $ | 111,089 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
S-2
SCHEDULE II
RTW, INC.
Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2006 and 2005
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
ASSETS |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 255 | | | $ | 142 | |
Furniture and equipment, net | | | 1,570 | | | | 1,444 | |
Investment in and advances to subsidiary | | | 53,200 | | | | 53,406 | |
Other assets | | | 1,870 | | | | 1,441 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 56,895 | | | $ | 56,433 | |
| | | | | | | | |
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | $ | 5,540 | | | $ | 5,855 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 5,540 | | | | 5,855 | |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 51,355 | | | | 50,578 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 56,895 | | | $ | 56,433 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to condensed financial statements.
S-3
SCHEDULE II
RTW, INC.
Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant
Statements of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Intercompany fee income | | $ | 15,261 | | | $ | 17,469 | | | $ | 18,289 | |
Service fee revenue | | | 5,941 | | | | 4,398 | | | | 633 | |
Investment income | | | 10 | | | | 14 | | | | 104 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 21,212 | | | | 21,881 | | | | 19,026 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative expenses | | | 19,812 | | | | 18,327 | | | | 15,933 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary | | | 1,400 | | | | 3,554 | | | | 3,093 | |
Income tax expense | | | 795 | | | | 1,650 | | | | 879 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary | | | 605 | | | | 1,904 | | | | 2,214 | |
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary | | | 2,683 | | | | 4,094 | | | | 7,727 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 3,288 | | | $ | 5,998 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to condensed financial statements.
S-4
SCHEDULE II
RTW, INC.
Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | 2004 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 3,288 | | | $ | 5,998 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 485 | | | | 470 | | | | 458 | |
Equity in net (income) from subsidiary | | | (2,683 | ) | | | (4,094 | ) | | | (7,727 | ) |
Deferred income taxes | | | (127 | ) | | | 41 | | | | 57 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | (213 | ) | | | 2,389 | | | | 1,070 | |
Other, net | | | (326 | ) | | | (1,844 | ) | | | (1,278 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 424 | | | | 2,960 | | | | 2,521 | |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment in and advances (to) from subsidiary | | | 2,889 | | | | (2,860 | ) | | | (2,625 | ) |
Purchases of furniture and equipment | | | (616 | ) | | | (696 | ) | | | (444 | ) |
Disposals of furniture and equipment | | | 5 | | | | 10 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided (used in) by investing activities | | | 2,278 | | | | (3,546 | ) | | | (3,069 | ) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stock options exercised | | | 598 | | | | 479 | | | | 533 | |
Issuance of common stock under ESPP | | | 151 | | | | 99 | | | | 65 | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | (3,338 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (2,589 | ) | | | 578 | | | | 598 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents | | | 113 | | | | (8 | ) | | | 50 | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year | | | 142 | | | | 150 | | | | 100 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year | | $ | 255 | | | $ | 142 | | | $ | 150 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid (received) during the year for: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax payments (refunds) | | $ | 105 | | | $ | 148 | | | $ | (357 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to condensed financial statements.
S-5
SCHEDULE II
RTW, INC.
Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
NOTE 1 — ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accompanying condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the RTW, Inc. (RTW) 2006 Annual Report onForm 10-K.
NOTE 2 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
RTW provides American Compensation Insurance Company (“ACIC”), and ACIC’s subsidiary Bloomington Compensation Insurance Company (“BCIC”), with management services, including preparing and submitting filings, maintaining books and records, collecting premiums, administering and adjudicating claims, and performing other administrative services. RTW receives 10% of ACIC’s and BCIC’s gross premiums earned each month for these services, which amounted to $5.1 million, $6.0 million and $6.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. In addition, RTW receives 15% of ACIC’s and BCIC’s gross premiums earned for claims administration during the year in which the premiums are earned and a total of 4% of gross premiums earned in subsequent years which amounted to $10.1 million, $11.5 million and $12.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
RTW files a consolidated federal tax return with ACIC and BCIC. Taxes are allocated between the companies based on a tax allocation agreement under which allocation is made primarily on a separate return basis for taxes incurred with current credit for any net operating losses or other items utilized in the consolidated tax return. This allocation is settled annually after completing and filing the federal tax return.
Amounts due from ACIC and BCIC related to the above transactions are included in the balance sheet account caption “Investment in and advances to subsidiary” and totaled approximately $5.0 million and $7.9 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
S-6
SCHEDULE III
RTW, INC.
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION CONCERNING INSURANCE OPERATIONS
December 31, 2006
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | (Column C)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Reserves for
| | | | | | | | | | | | Investment
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Unpaid
| | | | | | | | | | | | Income
| | | Claim and Claim
| | | Amortization
| | | Paid
| | | | | | | |
| | Deferred
| | | Claim and
| | | Discount,
| | | | | | | | | and Net
| | | Settlement Expenses
| | | of Deferred
| | | Claim and
| | | | | | | |
| | Policy
| | | Claim
| | | If Any,
| | | | | | | | | Realized
| | | Incurred Related to: | | | Policy
| | | Claim
| | | Other
| | | | |
| | Acquisition
| | | Settlement
| | | Deducted in
| | | Unearned
| | | Earned
| | | Investment
| | | Current
| | | Prior
| | | Acquisition
| | | Settlement
| | | Operating
| | | Premiums
| |
Year | | Costs | | | Expenses | | | Column C(1) | | | Premiums | | | Premiums | | | Gains | | | Year | | | Years | | | Costs | | | Expenses | | | Expenses | | | Written | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
2006 | | $ | 800 | | | $ | 152,327 | | | $ | 343 | | | $ | 7,432 | | | $ | 42,606 | | | $ | 5,510 | | | $ | 31,933 | | | $ | (1,799 | ) | | $ | 5,160 | | | $ | 31,798 | | | $ | 8,143 | | | $ | 41,132 | |
2005 | | $ | 889 | | | $ | 160,141 | | | $ | 342 | | | $ | 8,341 | | | $ | 49,420 | | | $ | 5,366 | | | $ | 36,264 | | | $ | (5,457 | ) | | $ | 5,456 | | | $ | 32,385 | | | $ | 9,315 | | | $ | 57,761 | |
2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 53,682 | | | $ | 4,542 | | | $ | 42,583 | | | $ | (7,047 | ) | | $ | 6,045 | | | $ | 35,713 | | | $ | 9,204 | | | $ | 44,502 | |
| | |
(1) | | Certain claims with fixed or determinable future payments are discounted at 4.0%. |
S-7
SCHEDULE IV
RTW, INC.
REINSURANCE
Years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Premiums Earned | | | Percentage
| |
| | | | | Ceded to
| | | Assumed
| | | | | | of Amount
| |
| | | | | Other
| | | from Other
| | | | | | Assumed
| |
Description | | Direct | | | Companies | | | Companies | | | Net | | | to Net | |
| | (In thousands) | |
|
2006 |
PREMIUMS — Workers’ Compensation | | $ | 51,367 | | | $ | 8,761 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 42,606 | | | | 0.00 | % |
2005 |
PREMIUMS — Workers’ Compensation | | $ | 59,872 | | | $ | 10,452 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 49,420 | | | | 0.00 | % |
2004 |
PREMIUMS — Workers’ Compensation | | $ | 63,370 | | | $ | 9,688 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 53,682 | | | | 0.00 | % |
S-8
SCHEDULE V
RTW, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Additions | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at
| | | Charged to
| | | Charged to
| | | | | | Balance at
| |
| | Beginning
| | | Costs and
| | | Other
| | | | | | End
| |
Description | | of Period | | | Expenses | | | Accounts | | | Write-Offs | | | of Period | |
|
2006 |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | | $ | 192 | | | $ | 144 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 133 | | | $ | 203 | |
2005 |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 450 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 348 | | | $ | 192 | |
2004 |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | | $ | 225 | | | $ | (107 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | 28 | | | $ | 90 | |
S-9