Albemarle (ALB) 10-K14 Feb 242023 FY Annual reportFinancial data

Company Profile

Cover

Cover - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 07, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-12658
Entity Registrant Name	ALBEMARLE CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	VA
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1692118
Entity Address, Address Line One	4250 Congress Street, Suite 900
Entity Address, City or Town	Charlotte
Entity Address, State or Province	NC
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	28209
City Area Code	980
Local Phone Number	299-5700
Title of 12(b) Security	COMMON STOCK, $.01 Par Value
Trading Symbol	ALB
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 26.2
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		117,402,949
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0000915913

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Auditor Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Auditor Location	Charlotte, North Carolina
Auditor Firm ID	238

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCO

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales		$ 9,617,203	$ 7,320,104	$ 3,327,957
Cost of goods sold	[1]	8,431,294	4,245,517	2,329,986
Gross profit		1,185,909	3,074,587	997,971
Selling, general and administrative expenses		919,493	524,145	441,482
Research and development expenses		85,725	71,981	54,026
(Gain) loss on change in interest in properties/sale of business, net		(71,190)	8,400	(295,971)
Operating profit		251,881	2,470,061	798,434
Interest and financing expenses		(116,072)	(122,973)	(61,476)
Other income (expenses), net		110,929	86,356	(603,340)
Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments		246,738	2,433,444	133,618
Income tax expense		430,277	390,588	29,446
Income before equity in net income of unconsolidated investments		(183,539)	2,042,856	104,172
Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax)		1,854,082	772,275	95,770
Net income		1,670,543	2,815,131	199,942
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(97,067)	(125,315)	(76,270)
Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation		$ 1,573,476	$ 2,689,816	$ 123,672
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)		$ 13.41	$ 22.97	$ 1.07
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)		$ 13.36	$ 22.84	$ 1.06
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—basic (in shares)		117,317	117,120	115,841
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted (in shares)		117,766	117,793	116,536

[1] Included purchases from related unconsolidated affiliates of $2.3 billion, $656.7 million and $156.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF IN_2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cost of goods sold	[1]	$ 8,431,294	$ 4,245,517	$ 2,329,986
Related Party
Cost of goods sold		$ 2,300,000	$ 656,700	$ 156,300

[1] Included purchases from related unconsolidated affiliates of $2.3 billion, $656.7 million and $156.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 1,670,543	$ 2,815,131	$ 199,942
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation and other	26,403	(171,295)	(74,385)
Net investment hedge	0	0	5,110
Cash flow hedge	5,851	(4,399)	174
Interest rate swap	0	7,399	2,623
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	32,254	(168,295)	(66,478)
Comprehensive income	1,702,797	2,646,836	133,464
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(97,185)	(125,232)	(76,110)
Comprehensive income attributable to Albemarle Corporation	$ 1,605,612	$ 2,521,604	$ 57,354

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 889,900	$ 1,499,142
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts (2023—$2,808; 2022—$2,534)	1,213,160	1,190,970
Other accounts receivable	509,097	185,819
Inventories	2,161,287	2,076,031
Other current assets	443,475	234,955
Total current assets	5,216,919	5,186,917
Property, plant and equipment, at cost	12,233,757	9,354,330
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	2,738,553	2,391,333
Net property, plant and equipment	9,495,204	6,962,997
Investments	1,369,855	1,150,553
Other assets	297,087	250,558
Goodwill	1,629,729	1,617,627
Other intangibles, net of amortization	261,858	287,870
Total assets	18,270,652	15,456,522
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses	544,835	505,894
Current portion of long-term debt	625,761	2,128
Dividends payable	46,666	46,116
Income taxes payable	255,155	134,876
Total current liabilities	3,560,462	2,741,015
Long-term debt	3,541,002	3,214,972
Postretirement benefits	26,247	32,751
Pension benefits	150,312	159,571
Other noncurrent liabilities	769,100	636,596
Deferred income taxes	558,430	480,770
Commitments and contingencies
Albemarle Corporation shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value (authorized 150,000 shares), issued and outstanding — 117,356 in 2023 and 117,168 in 2022	1,174	1,172
Additional paid-in capital	2,952,517	2,940,840
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(528,526)	(560,662)
Retained earnings	6,987,015	5,601,277
Total Albemarle Corporation shareholders’ equity	9,412,180	7,982,627
Noncontrolling interests	252,919	208,220
Total equity	9,665,099	8,190,847
Total liabilities and equity	18,270,652	15,456,522
Nonrelated Party
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable to third parties	1,537,859	1,533,624
Related Party
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable to third parties	$ 550,186	$ 518,377

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit loss	$ 2,808	$ 2,534
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	150,000	150,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	117,356	117,168
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	117,356	117,168

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHAN

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Retained Earnings	Total Albemarle Shareholders’ Equity	Noncontrolling Interests
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		106,842,369
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 4,468,594	$ 1,069	$ 1,438,038	$ (326,132)	$ 3,155,252	$ 4,268,227	$ 200,367
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	199,942				123,672	123,672	76,270
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(66,478)			(66,318)		(66,318)	(160)
Cash dividends declared	(278,521)				(182,385)	(182,385)	(96,136)
Stock-based compensation	18,818		18,818			18,818
Fees related to public issuance of common stock	(888)		(888)			(888)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		302,151
Exercise of stock options	18,392	$ 3	18,389			18,392
Issuance of common stock, net (in shares)		9,919,755
Issuance of common stock, net	1,453,888	$ 99	1,453,789			1,453,888
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances (in shares)		(48,942)
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances	(8,140)	$ (1)	(8,139)			(8,140)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		117,015,333
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	5,805,607	$ 1,170	2,920,007	(392,450)	3,096,539	5,625,266	180,341
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	2,815,131				2,689,816	2,689,816	125,315
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(168,295)			(168,212)		(168,212)	(83)
Cash dividends declared	(282,431)				(185,078)	(185,078)	(97,353)
Stock-based compensation	31,390		31,390			31,390
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		32,581
Exercise of stock options	2,396	$ 1	2,395			2,396
Issuance of common stock, net (in shares)		186,768
Issuance of common stock, net	387	$ 2	385			387
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances (in shares)		(66,316)
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances	(13,338)	$ (1)	(13,337)			(13,338)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		117,168,366
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	8,190,847	$ 1,172	2,940,840	(560,662)	5,601,277	7,982,627	208,220
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	1,670,543				1,573,476	1,573,476	97,067
Other comprehensive income (loss)	32,254			32,136		32,136	118
Cash dividends declared	(240,224)				(187,738)	(187,738)	(52,486)
Stock-based compensation	$ 38,957		38,957			38,957
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	3,124	3,124
Exercise of stock options	$ 190	$ 0	190			190
Issuance of common stock, net (in shares)		298,781
Issuance of common stock, net	0	$ 3	(3)			0
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances (in shares)		(114,001)
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances	(27,468)	$ (1)	(27,467)			(27,468)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		117,356,270
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 9,665,099	$ 1,174	$ 2,952,517	$ (528,526)	$ 6,987,015	$ 9,412,180	$ 252,919

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CH_2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 1.60	$ 1.58	$ 1.56

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	$ 1,499,142	$ 439,272	$ 746,724
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	1,670,543	2,815,131	199,942
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	429,944	300,841	254,000
(Gain) loss on change in interest in properties/sale of business, net	(71,190)	8,400	(295,971)
Inventory net realizable value adjustment	604,099	0	0
Stock-based compensation and other	36,545	30,474	20,120
Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax)	(1,854,082)	(772,275)	(95,770)
Dividends received from unconsolidated investments and nonmarketable securities	2,000,862	801,239	78,391
Pension and postretirement benefit	(1,658)	(52,254)	(74,010)
Pension and postretirement contributions	(17,866)	(16,112)	(30,253)
Unrealized loss (gain) on investments in marketable securities	39,864	3,279	(3,818)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	0	19,219	28,955
Deferred income taxes	100,877	93,339	(38,500)
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
(Increase) in accounts receivable	(350,655)	(786,121)	(49,295)
(Increase) in inventories	(962,924)	(1,609,642)	(127,401)
(Increase) decrease in other current assets	(171,870)	(104,655)	17,411
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and income taxes payable	253,518	(201,356)	127,068
Non-cash transfer of 40% value of construction in progress of Kemerton plant to MRL	17,297	122,682	135,928
Other, net	(114,572)	(31,412)	53,521
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,325,321	1,907,849	344,257
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(426,228)	(162,239)	0
Capital expenditures	(2,149,281)	(1,261,646)	(953,667)
Cash proceeds from divestitures, net	0	0	289,791
(Purchases) sales of marketable securities, net	(204,451)	1,942	3,774
Investments in equity investments and nonmarkertable securities	(1,200)	(706)	(6,488)
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,781,160)	(1,422,649)	(666,590)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	0	0	1,453,888
Proceeds from borrowings of long-term debt	356,047	1,964,216	0
Repayments of long-term debt and credit agreements	(28,862)	(705,000)	(1,173,823)
Other borrowings (repayments), net	617,014	(391,662)	60,991
Fees related to early extinguishment of debt	0	(9,767)	(24,877)
Dividends paid to shareholders	(187,188)	(184,429)	(177,853)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(105,631)	(44,208)	(96,136)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	190	2,783	18,392
Withholding taxes paid on stock-based compensation award distributions	(27,468)	(13,338)	(8,140)
Other	(191)	(6,708)	(2,230)
Net cash provided by financing activities	623,911	611,887	50,212
Net effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents	222,686	(37,217)	(35,331)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(609,242)	1,059,870	(307,452)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	889,900	1,499,142	439,272
Nonrelated Party
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable to third parties	(315,220)	816,194	126,563
Related Party
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable to third parties	$ 31,809	$ 470,878	$ 17,376

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies: Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Albemarle Corporation and our wholly owned, majority owned and controlled subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the terms “Albemarle,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “the Company” mean Albemarle Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. For entities that we control and are the primary beneficiary, but own less than 100%, we record the minority ownership as noncontrolling interest, except as noted below. We apply the equity method of accounting for investments in which we have an ownership interest from 20% to 50% or where we exercise significant influence over the related investee’s operations. In addition, the consolidated financial statements contained herein include our proportionate share of the results of operations of the MARBL Lithium Joint Venture (“MARBL”), which manages the exploration, development, mining, processing and production of lithium and other minerals from the Wodgina hard rock lithium mine project (“Wodgina”). As described in Note 10, “Investments,” the Company closed on the restructuring of the MARBL joint venture with Mineral Resources Limited (“MRL”) on October 18, 2023 to reduce our ownership interest in the MARBL joint venture to 50% from 60%. The consolidated financial statements reflect our ownership percentage of the MARBL joint venture during the periods presented. The joint venture is unincorporated with each investor holding an undivided interest in each asset and proportionately liable for each liability; therefore our proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses are included in the appropriate classifications in the consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Estimates, Assumptions and Reclassifications The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States (“U.S.”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services, and is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied under the terms of contracts with our customers. A performance obligation is deemed to be satisfied when control of the product or service is transferred to our customer. The transaction price of a contract, or the amount we expect to receive upon satisfaction of all performance obligations, is determined by reference to the contract’s terms and includes adjustments, if applicable, for any variable consideration, such as customer rebates, noncash consideration or consideration payable to the customer, although these adjustments are generally not material. Where a contract contains more than one distinct performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price of each performance obligation, although these situations are rare and are generally not built into our contracts. Any unsatisfied performance obligations are not material. Standalone selling prices are based on prices we charge to our customers, which in some cases are based on established market prices. Sales and other similar taxes collected from customers on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue. Our payment terms are generally between 30 to 90 days, however, they vary by market factors, such as customer size, creditworthiness, geography and competitive environment. All of our revenue is derived from contracts with customers, and almost all of our contracts with customers contain one performance obligation for the transfer of goods where such performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time. Control of a product is deemed to be transferred to the customer upon shipment or delivery. Significant portions of our sales are sold free on board shipping point or on an equivalent basis, while delivery terms of other transactions are based upon specific contractual arrangements. Our standard terms of delivery are generally included in our contracts of sale, order confirmation documents and invoices, while the timing between shipment and delivery generally ranges between 1 and 45 days. Costs for shipping and handling activities, whether performed before or after the customer obtains control of the goods, are accounted for as fulfillment costs. Such costs are immaterial. The Company currently utilizes the following practical expedients, as permitted by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers : • All sales and other pass-through taxes are excluded from contract value; • In utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, no adjustment was necessary for contracts that did not cross over the reporting year; • We will not consider the possibility of a contract having a significant financing component (which would effectively attribute a portion of the sales price to interest income) unless, if at contract inception, the expected payment terms (from time of delivery or other relevant criterion) are more than one year; • If our right to customer payment is directly related to the value of our completed performance, we recognize revenue consistent with the invoicing right; and • We expense as incurred all costs of obtaining a contract incremental to any costs/compensation attributable to individual product sales/shipments for contracts where the amortization period for such costs would otherwise be one year or less. Certain products we produce are made to our customer’s specifications where such products have limited alternative use or would need significant rework costs in order to be sold to another customer. In management’s judgment, control of these arrangements is transferred to the customer at a point in time (upon shipment or delivery) and not over the time they are produced. Therefore revenue is recognized upon shipment or delivery of these products. Costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers are not significant and are expensed immediately as the amortization period would be one year or less. When the Company incurs pre-production or other fulfillment costs in connection with an existing or specific anticipated contract and such costs are recoverable through margin or explicitly reimbursable, such costs are capitalized and amortized to Cost of goods sold on a systematic basis that is consistent with the pattern of transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates, which is less than one year. We record bad debt expense in specific situations when we determine the customer is unable to meet its financial obligation. Included in Trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022 is approximately $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, arising from contracts with customers. The remaining balance of Trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily includes value-added taxes collected from customers on behalf of various taxing authorities. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and money market investments with insignificant interest rate risks and no limitations on access. Inventories Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realizable value with cost determined primarily on the first-in, first-out basis. Cost is determined on the weighted-average basis for a small portion of our inventories at foreign plants and our stores, supplies and other inventory. A portion of our domestic produced finished goods and raw materials are determined on the last-in, first-out basis. The Company eliminates the balance of intra-entity profits on purchases of inventory from its equity method investments that remains unsold at the balance sheet in Inventories, specifically finished goods and equally reduces Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) on the consolidated statements of income. The intra-entity profit is recognized in Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) in the period that converted inventory is sold to a third-party customer. In the same period, the intra-entity profit is also recognized as higher Cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment include costs of assets constructed, purchased or leased under a finance lease, related delivery and installation costs and interest incurred on significant capital projects during their construction periods. Expenditures for renewals and betterments also are capitalized, but expenditures for normal repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with yearly planned major maintenance are generally deferred and amortized over 12 months or until the same major maintenance activities must be repeated, whichever is shorter. The cost and accumulated depreciation applicable to assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and gains or losses thereon are included in income. We assign the useful lives of our property, plant and equipment based upon our internal engineering estimates, which are reviewed periodically. The estimated useful lives of our property, plant and equipment range from two We evaluate the recovery of our property, plant and equipment by comparing the net carrying value of the asset group to the undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated from the use and eventual disposition of that asset group when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable, the fair value of the asset group is measured and if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As an implicit rate for most of our leases is not determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease payments for the initial measurement of lease ROU assets and lease liabilities include fixed and variable payments based on an index or a rate. Variable lease payments that are not index or rate based are recorded as expenses when incurred. Our variable lease payments typically include real estate taxes, insurance costs and common-area maintenance. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made, net of lease incentives. The lease term is the non-cancelable period of the lease, including any options to extend, purchase or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We amortize the operating lease ROU assets on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease and the finance lease ROU assets on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the lease terms. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Additionally, we have made accounting policy elections such as exclusion of short-term leases (leases with a term of 12 months or less and which do not include a purchase option that we are reasonably certain to exercise) from the balance sheet presentation, use of portfolio approach in determination of discount rate and accounting for non-lease components in a contract as part of a single lease component for all asset classes, except specific mining operation equipment. Resource Development Expenses We incur costs in resource exploration, evaluation and development during the different phases of our resource development projects. Exploration costs incurred before the declaration of proven and probable resources are generally expensed as incurred. After proven and probable resources are declared, exploration, evaluation and development costs necessary to bring the property to commercial capacity or increase the capacity or useful life are capitalized. Any costs to maintain the production capacity in a property under production are expensed as incurred. Capitalized resource costs are depleted using the units-of-production method. Our resource development assets are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Investments Investments are accounted for using the equity method of accounting if the investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if we have an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%, although other factors, such as representation on the investee’s board of directors and the impact of commercial arrangements, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, we record our investments in equity-method investees in the consolidated balance sheets as Investments and our share of investees’ earnings or losses together with other-than-temporary impairments in value as Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments in the consolidated statements of income. We evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. Certain investments in equity securities and mutual fund investments are accounted for as trading equities and are marked-to-market on a periodic basis through the consolidated statements of income. Investments in joint ventures and nonmarketable securities of immaterial entities are estimated based upon the overall performance of the entity where financial results are not available on a timely basis. Environmental Compliance and Remediation Environmental compliance costs include the cost of purchasing and/or constructing assets to prevent, limit and/or control pollution or to monitor the environmental status at various locations. These costs are capitalized and depreciated based on estimated useful lives. Environmental compliance costs also include maintenance and operating costs with respect to pollution prevention and control facilities and other administrative costs. Such operating costs are expensed as incurred. Environmental remediation costs of facilities used in current operations are generally immaterial and are expensed as incurred. We accrue for environmental remediation costs and post-remediation costs that relate to existing conditions caused by past operations at facilities or off-plant disposal sites in the accounting period in which responsibility is established and when the related liability is considered probable and estimable. In developing these cost estimates, we evaluate currently available facts regarding each site, with consideration given to existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations, prior experience in remediation of contaminated sites, the financial capability of other potentially responsible parties and other factors, subject to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process. If the amount and timing of the cash payments for a site are fixed or reliably determinable, the liability is discounted, if the calculated discount is material. Additionally, these estimates are reviewed periodically, with adjustments to the accruals recorded as necessary. Research and Development Expenses Our research and development expenses related to present and future products are expensed as incurred. These expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs and other overheads, as well as outside service and consulting costs incurred for specific programs. Our U.S. facilities in Texas and Louisiana and our global facilities in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium and Korea form the capability base for our contract research and custom manufacturing businesses. These business areas provide research and scale-up services primarily to innovative life science companies. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets We account for goodwill and other intangibles acquired in a business combination in conformity with current accounting guidance that requires that goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets not be amortized. We test goodwill for impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of our reporting units to the related carrying value. Our reporting units are either our operating business segments or one level below our operating business segments for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by the business management. In applying the goodwill impairment test, the Company initially performs a qualitative test (“Step 0”), where it first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units is less than its carrying value. Qualitative factors may include, but are not limited to, economic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance of the reporting units and other entity and reporting unit specific events. If after assessing these qualitative factors, the Company determines it is “more-likely-than-not” that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative test (“Step 1”). During Step 1, the Company estimates the fair value using a discounted cash flow model. Future cash flows for all reporting units include assumptions about revenue growth rates, adjusted EBITDA margins, discount rate as well as other economic or industry-related factors. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest and financing expense, income tax expenses, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted on a consistent basis for certain non-operating, non-recurring or unusual items in a balanced manner and on a segment basis. For the Refining Solutions reporting unit, the revenue growth rates, adjusted EBITDA margins and the discount rate were deemed to be significant assumptions. Significant management judgment is involved in estimating these variables and they include inherent uncertainties since they are forecasting future events. The Company uses a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (“WACC”) approach to determine our discount rate for goodwill recoverability testing. The WACC calculation incorporates industry-weighted average returns on debt and equity from a market perspective. The factors in this calculation are largely external to the Company and, therefore, are beyond its control. The Company performs a sensitivity analysis by using a range of inputs to confirm the reasonableness of these estimates being used in the goodwill impairment analysis. The Company tests its recorded goodwill for impairment in the fourth quarter of each year or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its reporting units below their carrying amounts. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2023. The performance catalyst solutions (“PCS”) reporting unit, within the Ketjen segment, has experienced declining earnings from a changing market. During this annual impairment test, it was determined that it is expected to experience a continued decline in its foreseeable forecast, resulting in a fair value based on the present value future cash flows that was lower than its current carrying value. As a result, the Company recorded a $6.8 million impairment loss, representing the full value of goodwill associated with the PCS reporting unit. No evidence of impairment was noted for the other reporting units from the analysis. However, if the adjusted EBITDA or discount rate estimates for the Refining Solutions reporting unit negatively changed by 10%, the Refining Solutions fair value would be below its carrying value. The Company assesses its indefinite-lived intangible assets, which include trade names and trademarks, for impairment annually and between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. The indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment standard allows the Company to first assess qualitative factors to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. Further testing is only required if we determine, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If we determine based on the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, an impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset to its carrying amount. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no evidence of impairment was noted from the analysis for the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets. Definite-lived intangible assets, such as purchased technology, patents and customer lists, are amortized over their estimated useful lives generally for periods ranging from five Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits Under authoritative accounting standards, assumptions are made regarding the valuation of benefit obligations and the performance of plan assets. As required, we recognize a balance sheet asset or liability for each of our pension and other postretirement benefit (“OPEB”) plans equal to the plan’s funded status as of the measurement date. The primary assumptions are as follows: • Discount Rate—The discount rate is used in calculating the present value of benefits, which is based on projections of benefit payments to be made in the future. • Expected Return on Plan Assets—We project the future return on plan assets based on prior performance and future expectations for the types of investments held by the plans, as well as the expected long-term allocation of plan assets for these investments. These projected returns reduce the net benefit costs recorded currently. • Rate of Compensation Increase—For salary-related plans, we project employees’ annual pay increases, which are used to project employees’ pension benefits at retirement. • Mortality Assumptions—Assumptions about life expectancy of plan participants are used in the measurement of related plan obligations. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized annually in our consolidated statements of income in the fourth quarter and whenever a plan is determined to qualify for a remeasurement during a fiscal year. The remaining components of pension and OPEB plan expense, primarily service cost, interest cost and expected return on assets, are recorded on a monthly basis. The market-related value of assets equals the actual market value as of the date of measurement. During 2023, we made changes to assumptions related to discount rates and expected rates of return on plan assets. We consider available information that we deem relevant when selecting each of these assumptions. In selecting the discount rates for the U.S. plans, we consider expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis. As a result, the Company uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For 2023, the discount rates were calculated using the results from a bond matching technique developed by Milliman, which matched the future estimated annual benefit payments of each respective plan against a portfolio of bonds of high quality to determine the discount rate. We believe our selected discount rates are determined using preferred methodology under authoritative accounting guidance and accurately reflect market conditions as of the December 31, 2023 measurement date. In selecting the discount rates for the foreign plans, we look at long-term yields on AA-rated corporate bonds when available. Our actuaries have developed yield curves based on the yields on the constituent bonds in the various indices as well as on other market indicators such as swap rates, particularly at the longer durations. For the Eurozone, we apply the Aon Hewitt yield curve to projected cash flows from the relevant plans to derive the discount rate. For the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), the discount rate is determined by applying the Aon Hewitt yield curve for typical schemes of similar duration to projected cash flows of Albemarle’s U.K. plan. In other countries where there is not a sufficiently deep market of high-quality corporate bonds, we set the discount rate by referencing the yield on government bonds of an appropriate duration. In estimating the expected return on plan assets, we consider past performance and future expectations for the types of investments held by the plan as well as the expected long-term allocation of plan assets to these investments. In projecting the rate of compensation increase, we consider past experience in light of movements in inflation rates. For the purpose of measuring our U.S. pension and OPEB obligations at December 31, 2023 and 2022, we used the Pri-2012 Mortality Tables along with the MP-2021 Mortality Improvement Scale, respectively, published by the SOA. Stock-based Compensation Expense The fair value of restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards and performance unit awards with a service condition are determined based on the number of shares or units granted and the quoted price of our common stock on the date of grant, and the fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of performance unit awards with a service condition and a market condition are estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of these awards is determined after giving effect to estimated forfeitures. Such value is recognized as expense over the service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity grant. To the extent restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance unit awards and stock options are forfeited prior to vesting in excess of the estimated forfeiture rate, the corresponding previously recognized expense is reversed as an offset to operating expenses. Income Taxes We use the liability method for determining our income taxes, under which current and deferred tax liabilities and assets are recorded in accordance with enacted tax laws and rates. Under this method, the amounts of deferred tax liabilities and assets at the end of each period are determined using the tax rate expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not. The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet, along with any related valuation allowance. Tax effects are released from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income using either the specific identification approach or the portfolio approach based on the nature of the underlying item. Deferred income taxes are provided for the estimated income tax effect of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also provided for operating losses, capital losses and certain tax credit carryovers. A valuation allowance, reducing deferred tax assets, is established when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of such deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient future taxable income of the appropriate character. Although realization is not assured, we do not establish a valuation allowance when we believe it is more likely than not that a net deferred tax asset will be realized. The Company elected to not consider the estimated impact of potential future Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax liabilities for purposes of assessing valuation allowances on its deferred tax balances. We only recognize a tax benefit after concluding that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained upon audit by the respective taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. Once the recognition threshold is met, we recognize a tax benefit measured as the largest amount of the tax benefit that, in our judgment, is greater than 50% likely to be realized. Under current accounting guidance for uncertain tax positions, interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities are included in Income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income. We have designated the undistributed earnings of a portion of our foreign operations as indefinitely reinvested and as a result we do not provide for deferred income taxes on the unremitted earnings of these subsidiaries. Our foreign earnings are computed under U.S. federal tax earnings and profits, or E&P, principles. In general, to the extent our financial reporting book basis over tax basis of a foreign subsidiary exceeds these E&P amounts, deferred taxes have not been provided as they are essentially permanent in duration. The determination of the amount of such unrecognized deferred tax liability is not practicable. We provide for deferred income taxes on our undistributed earnings of foreign operations that are not deemed to be indefinitely invested. We will continue to evaluate our permanent investment assertion taking into consideration all relevant and current tax laws. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss comprises principally foreign currency translation adjustments, gains or losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges designated as effective hedging instruments, amounts related to the revaluation of our euro-denominated senior notes which were designated as a hedge of our net investment in foreign operations in 2014, a realized loss on a forward starting interest rate swap entered into in 2014 which was designated as a cash flow hedge, and deferred income taxes related to the aforementioned items. Foreign Currency Translation The assets and liabilities of all foreign subsidiaries were prepared in their respective functional currencies and translated into U.S. Dollars based on the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet dates, while income and expenses were translated at average exchange rates for the periods presented. Translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of equity. Foreign exchange transaction and revaluation gains (losses) were $39.9 million, ($21.8) million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in Other income (expenses), net, in our consolidated statements of income, with the unrealized portion included in Other, net, in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Derivative Financial Instruments We manage our foreign currency exposures by balancing certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and through the use of foreign currency forward contracts from time to time, which generally expire within one year. The principal objective of such contracts is to minimize the financial impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. While these contracts are subject to fluctuations in value, such fluctuations are generally expected to be offset by changes in the value of the underlying foreign currency exposures being hedged. Gains or losses under foreign currency forward contracts that have been designated as an effective hedging instrument under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging will be recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss beginning on the date of designation. All other g

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
Acquisitions	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Acquisitions	Acquisitions: Guangxi Tianyuan New Energy Materials Acquisition On October 25, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding equity of Guangxi Tianyuan New Energy Materials Co., Ltd. (“Qinzhou”), for approximately $200 million in cash, which included the deferral of approximately $29 million. The full amount of the deferral, net of working capital adjustments, was paid in installments ending in July 2023. Qinzhou's operations include a lithium processing plant strategically positioned near the Port of Qinzhou in Guangxi, which began commercial production in the first half of 2022. The plant has designed annual conversion capacity of up to 25,000 metric tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (“LCE”) and is capable of producing battery-grade lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide. The aggregate purchase price noted above was allocated to the major categories of assets and liabilities acquired based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition closing date, which were based, in part, upon third-party appraisals for certain assets. The fair value of the assets and liabilities was primarily related to Property, plant and equipment of $106.6 million, Other intangibles of $16.3 million, net current liabilities of $5.5 million, and long-term liabilities of $7.1 million. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was $76.8 million and was recorded as Goodwill. The allocation of the purchase price was finalized in the third quarter of 2023. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. The discount rate is a significant assumption used in the valuation model. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these fair values, the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements could be subject to possible impairment. Goodwill arising from the acquisition was recorded within the Energy Storage segment and consists largely of anticipated synergies and economies of scale from the combined companies and overall strategic importance of the acquired businesses to Albemarle. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition will not be amortizable or deductible for tax purposes. Acquisition, integration and potential divestiture related costs Acquisition, integration and potential divestiture related costs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 of $26.8 million, $16.3 million and $12.7 million were included primarily in Selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, on our consolidated statements of income. These include costs for the Qinzhou acquisitions noted above, as well as various other completed or potential acquisitions and divestitures.

Divestitures

Divestitures	12 Months Ended
Divestitures	Dec. 31, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Divestitures	Divestitures: On June 1, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its fine chemistry services (“FCS”) business to W. R. Grace & Co. (“Grace”) for proceeds of approximately $570 million, consisting of $300 million in cash and the issuance to Albemarle of preferred equity of a Grace subsidiary having an aggregate stated value of $270 million. The preferred equity can be redeemed at Grace’s option under certain conditions and began accruing payment-in-kind (“PIK”) dividends at an annual rate of 12% on June 1, 2023. This preferred equity can be redeemed by Albemarle when the accumulated balance reaches 200% of its original value. The balance of this preferred equity is reported in Investments in the consolidated balance sheets. As part of the transaction, Grace acquired our manufacturing facilities located in South Haven, Michigan and Tyrone, Pennsylvania. The sale of the FCS business reflects the Company’s commitment to investing in its core, growth-oriented business segments. During the year ended December 31, 2021 we recorded a gain of $428.4 million ($330.9 million after taxes) related to the sale of this business. The results of operations of the business classified as held for sale are included in the consolidated statements of income through June 1, 2021. This business did not qualify for discontinued operations treatment because the Company’s management does not consider the sale as representing a strategic shift that had or will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

Supplemental Cash Flow Informat

Supplemental Cash Flow Information	12 Months Ended
Supplemental Cash Flow Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Supplemental Cash Flow Information	Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Supplemental information related to the consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cash paid during the year for: Income taxes (net of refunds of $31,386, $11,564 and $32,677 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively) $ 319,391 $ 248,143 $ 130,840 Interest (net of capitalization) $ 101,978 $ 92,095 $ 27,734 Supplemental non-cash disclosures related to investing and financing activities: Capital expenditures included in Accounts payable $ 494,029 $ 296,294 $ 165,677 Promissory note issued for capital expenditures (a) $ — $ 10,876 $ — Non-cash proceeds from divestitures (b) $ — $ — $ 244,530 (a) During the first quarter of 2022, the Company issued a promissory note with a present value of $10.9 million for land purchased in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. The promissory note is payable in equal annual installments from the years 2027 to 2048. (b) Fair value of preferred equity of a Grace subsidiary received as part of proceeds for the sale of our FCS business. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for further details. As part of the purchase price paid for the acquisition of a 60% interest in Wodgina in 2019, the Company transferred $17.3 million, $122.7 million and $135.9 million of its construction in progress of the designated Kemerton assets during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing MRL’s 40% interest in the assets at the time of transfer. Since the acquisition, the Company has transferred the full $480 million of construction in progress to MRL, as defined in the original purchase agreement. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded expenses of $8.4 million and $132.4 million, respectively, related to cost overruns of the designated Kemerton assets. The cash outflow for these assets was recorded in Capital expenditures within Cash flows from investing activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The non-cash transfer of these assets is recorded in Non-cash transfer of 40% value of construction in progress of the Kemerton plant to MRL within Cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Other, net within Cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 included $64.4 million, $41.8 million and $28.7 million, respectively, representing the reclassification of the current portion of the one-time transition tax resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) in 2017, from Other noncurrent liabilities to Income taxes payable within current liabilities. For additional information, see Note 21, “Income Taxes.” In addition, included in Other, net for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is $39.9 million, ($21.8) million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to gains (losses) on fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	12 Months Ended
Earnings Per Share	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	Earnings Per Share: Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Basic earnings per share Numerator: Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation $ 1,573,476 $ 2,689,816 $ 123,672 Denominator: Weighted-average common shares for basic earnings per share 117,317 117,120 115,841 Basic earnings per share $ 13.41 $ 22.97 $ 1.07 Diluted earnings per share Numerator: Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation $ 1,573,476 $ 2,689,816 $ 123,672 Denominator: Weighted-average common shares for basic earnings per share 117,317 117,120 115,841 Incremental shares under stock compensation plans 449 673 695 Weighted-average common shares for diluted earnings per share 117,766 117,793 116,536 Diluted earnings per share $ 13.36 $ 22.84 $ 1.06 At December 31, 2023, there were 165,159 common stock equivalents not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Included in the calculation of basic earnings per share are unvested restricted stock awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends. At December 31, 2023, there were 4,500 unvested shares of restricted stock awards outstanding. We have the authority to issue 15 million shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series. As of December 31, 2023, no shares of preferred stock have been issued. On February 8, 2021, we completed an underwritten public offering of 8,496,773 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a price to the public of $153.00 per share. The Company also granted to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional 1,274,509 shares for a period of 30 days, which was exercised. The total gross proceeds from this offering were approximately $1.5 billion, before deducting expenses, underwriting discounts and commissions. In November 2016, our Board of Directors authorized an increase in the number of shares the Company is permitted to repurchase under our share repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company is now permitted to repurchase up to a maximum of 15 million shares, including those previously authorized but not yet repurchased. There were no shares of the Company’s common stock repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021. As of December 31, 2023, there were 7,396,263 remaining shares available for repurchase under the Company’s authorized share repurchase program.

Other Accounts Receivable

Other Accounts Receivable	12 Months Ended
Other Accounts Receivable	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Other Accounts Receivable	Other Accounts Receivable: Other accounts receivable consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Value added tax/consumption tax $ 474,280 $ 141,856 Other 34,817 43,963 Total $ 509,097 $ 185,819

Inventories

Inventories	12 Months Ended
Inventories	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventories	Inventories: The following table provides a breakdown of inventories at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Finished goods $ 1,624,893 $ 1,679,473 Raw materials and work in process (a) 401,050 296,998 Stores, supplies and other 135,344 99,560 Total (b) $ 2,161,287 $ 2,076,031 (a) Included $213.4 million and $133.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of work in process in our Energy Storage segment. (b) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $604.1 million charge in Cost of goods sold to reduce the value of certain spodumene and finished goods to their net realizable value following the decline in lithium market pricing at the end of the year. Approximately 3% of our inventories are valued using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method at both December 31, 2023 and 2022. The portion of our domestic inventories stated on the LIFO basis amounted to $60.4 million and $52.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are below replacement cost by approximately $60.1 million and $57.9 million, respectively. The Company eliminates the balance of intra-entity profits on purchases of inventory from its equity method investments that remains unsold at the balance sheet in Inventories, specifically finished goods and equally reduces Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) on the consolidated statements of income. The balance of intra-entity profits on inventory purchased from equity method investments in Inventories totaled $559.6 million and $332.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The intra-entity profit is recognized in Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) in the period that converted inventory is sold to a third-party customer. In the same period, the intra-entity profit is also recognized as higher Cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income.

Other Current Assets

Other Current Assets	12 Months Ended
Other Current Assets	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Assets [Abstract]
Other Current Assets	Other Current Assets: Other current assets consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Income tax receivables $ 112,953 $ 71,795 Prepaid taxes 207,894 97,682 Other prepaid expenses 116,033 58,754 Other 6,595 6,724 Total $ 443,475 $ 234,955

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment	12 Months Ended
Property, Plant and Equipment	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment	Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment, at cost, consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Useful December 31, 2023 2022 Land — $ 297,435 $ 172,464 Land improvements 10 – 30 316,544 201,284 Buildings and improvements 10 – 50 699,045 492,509 Machinery and equipment (a) 2 – 45 6,173,463 4,446,315 Mineral rights and reserves 7 – 60 1,689,013 1,795,668 Construction in progress — 3,058,257 2,246,090 Total $ 12,233,757 $ 9,354,330 (a) Consists primarily of (1) short-lived production equipment components, office and building equipment and other equipment with estimated lives ranging 2 – 7 years, (2) production process equipment (intermediate components) with estimated lives ranging 8 – 19 years, (3) production process equipment (major unit components) with estimated lives ranging 20 – 29 years, and (4) production process equipment (infrastructure and other) with estimated lives ranging 30 – 45 years. The cost of property, plant and equipment is depreciated generally by the straight-line method. Depletion of mineral rights is based on the units-of-production method. Depreciation expense, including depletion, amounted to $398.5 million, $273.0 million and $225.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest capitalized on significant capital projects in 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $72.7 million, $31.1 million and $50.0 million, respectively. In October 2022, the Company announced it has been awarded a nearly $150 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to expand domestic manufacturing of batteries for EVs and the electric grid and for materials and components currently imported from other countries. The grant funding is intended to support a portion of the anticipated cost to construct a new, commercial-scale U.S.-based lithium concentrator facility at our Kings Mountain, North Carolina location. The grant will be received over the life of the construction period for the new facility (projected as 2024 to 2026) as reimbursement for capital expenditures. To further support the restart of the Kings Mountain mine, in August 2023, we announced a $90 million critical materials award from the U.S. Department of Defense. As funds are received for both of these grants, the Company will reduce the cost of the assets by the amount of the grant, and income will be recognized by the lower depreciation expense over the useful life of the assets.

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
Investments	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments [Abstract]
Investments	Investments: Investments include our share of unconsolidated joint ventures, nonmarketable securities and marketable equity securities. The following table details the Company’s investment balances at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Joint ventures $ 855,131 $ 832,119 Available for sale debt securities 289,307 260,139 Nonmarketable securities 18,389 18,760 Marketable equity securities 207,028 39,535 Total $ 1,369,855 $ 1,150,553 Unconsolidated Joint Ventures The Company’s ownership positions in significant unconsolidated investments are shown below: December 31, 2023 2022 2021 * Windfield Holdings Pty. Ltd. (“Windfield”) - a joint venture with Sichuan Tianqi Lithium Industries, Inc., that mines lithium ore and produces lithium concentrate 49 % 49 % 49 % * Nippon Aluminum Alkyls - a joint venture with Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. that produces aluminum alkyls 50 % 50 % 50 % * Nippon Ketjen Company Limited - a joint venture with Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited that produces refinery catalysts 50 % 50 % 50 % * Eurecat S.A. - a joint venture with Axens Group for refinery catalysts regeneration services 50 % 50 % 50 % * Fábrica Carioca de Catalisadores S.A. - a joint venture with Petrobras Quimica S.A. - PETROQUISA that produces catalysts and includes catalysts research and product development activities 50 % 50 % 50 % The following table details the Company’s equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Windfield $ 1,833,589 $ 750,378 $ 75,206 Other joint ventures 20,493 21,897 20,564 Total $ 1,854,082 $ 772,275 $ 95,770 Our investment in the significant unconsolidated joint ventures above amounted to $841.5 million and $813.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Undistributed earnings attributable to our significant unconsolidated investments represented approximately $97.3 million and $242.7 million of our consolidated retained earnings at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. All of the unconsolidated joint ventures in which we have investments are private companies and accordingly do not have a quoted market price available. The following summary lists the assets, liabilities and results of operations for the Company’s significant unconsolidated joint ventures presented herein (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Summary of Balance Sheet Information: Current assets $ 1,424,059 $ 1,927,791 Noncurrent assets 2,321,261 1,659,692 Total assets $ 3,745,320 $ 3,587,483 Current liabilities $ 773,931 $ 770,211 Noncurrent liabilities 1,267,271 1,175,773 Total liabilities $ 2,041,202 $ 1,945,984 Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Summary of Statements of Income Information: Net sales $ 7,019,117 $ 4,290,223 $ 827,848 Gross profit $ 6,373,472 $ 3,765,304 $ 443,129 Income before income taxes $ 5,988,737 $ 3,301,875 $ 269,788 Net income $ 4,224,961 $ 2,314,094 $ 187,084 We have evaluated each of the unconsolidated investments pursuant to current accounting guidance and none qualify for consolidation. Dividends received from our significant unconsolidated investments were $2.0 billion, $800.9 million and $78.4 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company holds a 49% equity interest in Windfield, which we acquired in the Rockwood acquisition. With regards to the Company’s ownership in Windfield, the parties share risks and benefits disproportionate to their voting interests. As a result, the Company considers Windfield to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”). However, the Company does not consolidate Windfield as it is not the primary beneficiary. The carrying amount of our 49% equity interest in Windfield, which is our most significant VIE, was $712.0 million and $694.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s unconsolidated VIEs are reported in Investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not guarantee debt for, or have other financial support obligations to, these entities, and its maximum exposure to loss in connection with its continuing involvement with these entities is limited to the carrying value of the investments. Proportionately Consolidated Joint Ventures On October 18, 2023, the Company closed on the restructuring of the MARBL joint venture with MRL. This updated structure is intended to significantly simplify the commercial operation agreements previously entered into, allow us to retain full control of downstream conversion assets and to provide greater strategic opportunities for each company based on their global operations and the evolving lithium market. Under the amended agreements, Albemarle acquired the remaining 40% ownership of the Kemerton lithium hydroxide processing facility in Australia that was jointly owned with MRL through the MARBL joint venture. Following this restructuring, Albemarle and MRL each own 50% of Wodgina, and MRL operates the Wodgina mine on behalf of the joint venture. During the fourth quarter of 2023, Albemarle paid MRL approximately $380 million in cash, which includes $180 million of consideration for the remaining ownership of Kemerton as well as a payment for the economic effective date of the transaction being retroactive to April 1, 2022. As a result of this transaction, the Company recorded a gain of $71.2 million on the consolidated statement of income during the fourth quarter of 2023. The fair value of the 40% ownership of the Kemerton lithium hydroxide processing facility was based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these fair values, the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements could be subject to possible impairment. This joint venture is unincorporated with each investor holding an undivided interest in each asset and proportionately liable for each liability; therefore our proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses are included in the appropriate classifications in the consolidated financial statements. Public Equity Securities Included in the Company’s marketable equity securities balance are holdings in equity securities of public companies. The fair value is measured using publicly available share prices of the investments, with any changes reported in Other income (loss), net in our consolidated statements of income. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased approximately $203.4 million of shares in publicly-traded companies. In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded unrealized mark-to-market (losses) gains of ($41.4) million and $4.3 million, respectively, in Other income (loss), net for all public equity securities held at the end of the balance sheet date. In January 2024, the Company sold equity securities of a public company for proceeds of approximately $81.5 million. As a result of the sale, the Company expects to realize a loss of $33.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024. Other The Company holds a 50% equity interest in Jordan Bromine Company Limited (“JBC”), reported in the Bromine segment. The Company consolidates this venture as it is considered the primary beneficiary due to its operational and financial control. On June 1, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its FCS business to Grace for proceeds of approximately $570 million, consisting of $300 million in cash and the issuance to Albemarle of preferred equity of a Grace subsidiary having an aggregate stated value of $270 million. The preferred equity can be redeemed at Grace’s option under certain conditions and will accrue PIK dividends at an annual rate of 12% beginning June 1, 2023, two years after issuance. The fair value of this preferred equity was $289.3 million and $260.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We maintain a Benefit Protection Trust (the “Trust”) that was created to provide a source of funds to assist in meeting the obligations of our Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (“EDCP”), subject to the claims of our creditors in the event of our insolvency. Assets of the Trust, in conjunction with our EDCP, are accounted for as trading securities in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance. The assets of the Trust consist primarily of mutual fund investments and are marked-to-market on a monthly basis through the consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, these marketable securities amounted to $33.6 million and $27.3 million, respectively.

Other Assets

Other Assets	12 Months Ended
Other Assets	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Other Assets	Other Assets: Other assets consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Deferred income taxes (a) $ 22,433 $ 46,434 Assets related to unrecognized tax benefits (a) 73,009 32,421 Operating leases (b) 137,405 128,173 Other 64,240 43,530 Total $ 297,087 $ 250,558 (a) See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 21, “Income Taxes.” (b) See Note 18, “Leases.”

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill and Other Intangibles	12 Months Ended
Goodwill and Other Intangibles	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill and Other Intangibles	Goodwill and Other Intangibles: The following table summarizes the changes in goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Energy Storage Specialties Ketjen Total Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 1,394,182 $ 20,319 $ 183,126 $ 1,597,627 Acquisitions (a) 76,105 — — 76,105 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (46,012) — (10,093) (56,105) Balance at December 31, 2022 1,424,275 20,319 173,033 1,617,627 Change in ownership interest (b) (6,058) — — (6,058) Segment realignment (c) (12,316) 12,316 — — Impairment loss (d) — — (6,765) (6,765) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 18,583 4 6,338 24,925 Balance at December 31, 2023 (e) $ 1,424,484 $ 32,639 $ 172,606 $ 1,629,729 (a) Represents purchase price adjustments for the Qinzhou acquisition. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for additional information. (b) Represents the reduction of goodwill associated with the proportionately consolidated MARBL joint venture. On October 18, 2023, we completed the restructuring the MARBL joint venture, which reduced the Company’s ownership percentage from 60% to 50%. See Note 10, “Investments,” for further details. (c) Effective January 1, 2023, the Company realigned its Lithium and Bromine reportable segments into the Energy Storage and Specialties reportable segments. See Note 25, “Segment and Geographic Area Information,” for additional details. As a result, the Company transferred goodwill from its legacy Lithium segment to the new Specialties reportable segment during the year ended December 31, 2023. (d) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment loss for the remaining balance of its goodwill associated with its PCS business within the Ketjen segment. See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” for further details. (e) Balance at December 31, 2023 includes an accumulated impairment loss of $6.8 million in Ketjen. As a result, the balance of Ketjen as of December 31, 2023 fully consists of goodwill related to the Refining Solutions reporting unit. Other intangibles consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Customer Lists and Relationships Trade Names and Trademarks (b) Patents and Technology Other Total Gross Asset Value Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 428,379 $ 17,883 $ 57,313 $ 36,705 $ 540,280 Acquisitions (a) 6,000 — 8,300 2,030 16,330 Retirements — (4,253) (16,206) (5,844) (26,303) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (21,709) (469) (3,008) 2,295 (22,891) Balance at December 31, 2022 412,670 13,161 46,399 35,186 507,416 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 5,133 244 (112) (537) 4,728 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 417,803 $ 13,405 $ 46,287 $ 34,649 $ 512,144 Accumulated Amortization Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (163,283) $ (7,983) $ (39,796) $ (20,271) $ (231,333) Amortization (22,144) — (1,649) (914) (24,707) Retirements — 4,253 16,206 5,844 26,303 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 7,800 143 1,449 799 10,191 Balance at December 31, 2022 (177,627) (3,587) (23,790) (14,542) (219,546) Amortization (24,510) — (2,563) (953) (28,026) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (2,344) (86) (405) 121 (2,714) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (204,481) $ (3,673) $ (26,758) $ (15,374) $ (250,286) Net Book Value at December 31, 2022 $ 235,043 $ 9,574 $ 22,609 $ 20,644 $ 287,870 Net Book Value at December 31, 2023 $ 213,322 $ 9,732 $ 19,529 $ 19,275 $ 261,858 (a) Represents purchase price adjustments for the Qinzhou acquisition. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for additional information. (b) Net Book Value includes only indefinite-lived intangible assets. Useful lives range from 13 – 25 years for customer lists and relationships; 8 – 20 years for patents and technology; and primarily 5 – 25 years for other. Amortization of other intangibles amounted to $28.0 million, $24.7 million and $25.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Included in amortization for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is $16.7 million, $17.2 million and $19.3 million, respectively, of amortization using the pattern of economic benefit method. Total estimated amortization expense of other intangibles for the next five fiscal years is as follows (in thousands): Estimated Amortization Expense 2024 $ 29,583 2025 $ 29,046 2026 $ 28,525 2027 $ 28,024 2028 $ 27,534

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses	12 Months Ended
Accrued Expenses	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Expenses	Accrued Expenses: Accrued expenses consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Employee benefits, payroll and related taxes $ 168,361 $ 145,885 Dividend payable to noncontrolling interest — 53,168 Other (a) 376,474 306,841 Total $ 544,835 $ 505,894 (a) Other accrued expenses represent balances such as operating lease liabilities, environmental reserves, asset retirement obligations, pension obligations, interest, utilities, other taxes, among other liabilities, expected to be paid within the next 12 months. No individual component exceeds 5% of total current liabilities. In January 2024, the Company announced it is taking measures to unlock near term cash flow and generate long-term financial flexibility by re-phasing organic growth investments and optimizing its cost structure. As part of those actions, the Company announced headcount reductions and expects to record a charge of approximately $15 million to $20 million for severance and outplacement costs in the first quarter of 2024. The Company expects these severance payments to primarily be made during 2024.

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt	12 Months Ended
Long-Term Debt	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-Term Debt	Long-Term Debt: Long-term debt consisted of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 1.125% notes due 2025 $ 416,501 $ 401,265 1.625% notes due 2028 552,200 532,000 3.45% Senior notes due 2029 171,612 171,612 4.65% Senior notes due 2027 650,000 650,000 5.05% Senior notes due 2032 600,000 600,000 5.45% Senior notes due 2044 350,000 350,000 5.65% Senior notes due 2052 450,000 450,000 Commercial paper notes 620,000 — Interest-free loan 300,000 — Variable-rate foreign bank loans 30,197 2,997 Finance lease obligations 110,245 76,537 Other 22,000 11,378 Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (105,992) (28,689) Total long-term debt 4,166,763 3,217,100 Less amounts due within one year 625,761 2,128 Long-term debt, less current portion $ 3,541,002 $ 3,214,972 Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in millions): 2024—$625.8; 2025—$416.5; 2026—$60.0; 2027—$710.0; 2028—$612.2; thereafter—$1,848.3. 2022 Notes On May 13, 2022, the Company issued a series of notes (collectively, the “2022 Notes”) as follows: • $650.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, bearing interest at a rate of 4.65% payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2022. The effective interest rate on these senior notes is approximately 4.84%. These senior notes mature on June 1, 2027. • $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, bearing interest at a rate of 5.05% payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2022. The effective interest rate on these senior notes is approximately 5.18%. These senior notes mature on June 1, 2032. • $450.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, bearing interest at a rate of 5.65% payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2022. The effective interest rate on these senior notes is approximately 5.71%. These senior notes mature on June 1, 2052. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2022 Notes were used to repay the balance of the commercial paper notes, the remaining balance of $425.0 million of the 4.15% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) and for general corporate purposes. The 2024 Notes were originally due to mature on December 15, 2024 and bore interest at a rate of 4.15%. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $19.2 million in Interest and financing expenses, representing the tender premiums, fees, unamortized discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs from the redemption of the 2024 Notes. In addition, the loss on early extinguishment of debt includes the accelerated amortization of the interest rate swap associated with the 2024 Notes from Accumulated other comprehensive income. 2019 Notes On November 25, 2019, the Company issued a series of notes (collectively, the “2019 Notes”) as follows: • $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of notes, bearing interest at a floating rate, which were fully repaid in the first quarter of 2021, as noted below. • €500.0 million aggregate principal amount of notes, bearing interest at a rate of 1.125% payable annually on November 25 of each year, beginning in 2020. The effective interest rate on these notes is approximately 1.30%. These notes mature on November 25, 2025. These notes were partially repaid in the first quarter of 2021, as noted below. • €500.0 million aggregate principal amount of notes, bearing interest at a rate of 1.625% payable annually on November 25 of each year, beginning in 2020. The effective interest rate on these notes is approximately 1.74%. These notes mature on November 25, 2028. • $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, bearing interest at a rate of 3.45% payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning in 2020. The effective interest rate on these senior notes is approximately 3.58%. These senior notes mature on November 15, 2029. These notes were partially repaid in the first quarter of 2021, as noted below. 2014 Senior Notes We currently have outstanding $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes issued on November 24, 2014, bearing interest at a rate of 5.45% payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning June 1, 2015. The effective interest rate on these senior notes is approximately 5.50%. These senior notes mature on December 1, 2044. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company made certain debt principal payments using proceeds from the February 2021 underwritten public offering of common stock. As a result, included in Interest and financing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 is a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $29.0 million representing the tender premiums, fees, unamortized discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs from the redemption of this debt. On January 22, 2014, we entered into a pay fixed, receive variable rate forward starting interest rate swap, with a notional amount of $325.0 million, with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., to be effective October 15, 2014. Our risk management objective and strategy for undertaking this hedge was to eliminate the variability in the interest rate and partial credit spread on the 20 future semi-annual coupon payments that were to be paid in connection with the 2024 Notes. On October 15, 2014, the swap was settled, resulting in a payment to the counterparty of $33.4 million. This amount was recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and was to be amortized to interest expense over the life of the 2024 Notes. As noted above, the 2024 Notes were repaid in the second quarter of 2022, and as a result, the unamortized balance of this interest rate swap was reclassified to interest expense during the same period as part of the early extinguishment of debt. Prior to repayment in the first quarter of 2021, the carrying value of the 1.875% Euro-denominated senior notes was designated as an effective hedge of our net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries where the Euro serves as the functional currency, and gains or losses on the revaluation of these senior notes to our reporting currency were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Upon repayment of these notes, this net investment hedge was discontinued. The balance of foreign exchange revaluation gains and losses associated with this discontinued net investment hedge will remain within accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged net investment is sold or liquidated. Prior to the net investment hedge being discontinued a gain of $5.1 million (net of income taxes), during the year ended December 31, 2021, was recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Credit Agreements Given the current economic conditions, specifically around the market pricing of lithium, and the related impact on the Company’s future earnings, on February 9, 2024 we amended our revolving, unsecured amended and restated credit agreement dated October 28, 2022 (the “2022 Credit Agreement”), which provides for borrowings of up to $1.5 billion and matures on October 28, 2027. Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates based on a benchmark rate depending on the currency in which the loans are denominated, plus an applicable margin which ranges from 0.910% to 1.375%, depending on the Company’s credit rating from Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services LLC (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”). With respect to loans denominated in U.S. dollars, interest is calculated using the term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a term SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin on the facility was 1.125% as of December 31, 2023. There were no borrowings outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2023. Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement are conditioned upon satisfaction of certain customary conditions precedent, including the absence of defaults. The February 2024 amendment was entered into to modify the financial covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement to avoid a potential covenant violation over the following 18 months given the current market pricing of lithium. Following the February 2024 amendment, the 2022 Credit Agreement subjects the Company to two financial covenants, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants. The first financial covenant requires that the ratio of (a) the Company’s consolidated net funded debt plus a proportionate amount of Windfield’s net funded debt to (b) consolidated Windfield-Adjusted EBITDA (as such terms are defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement) be less than or equal to (i) 3.50:1 prior to the second quarter of 2024, (ii) 5.00:1 for the second quarter of 2024, (iii) 5.50:1 for the third quarter of 2024, (iv) 4.00:1 for the fourth quarter of 2024, (v) 3.75:1 for the first and second quarters of 2025 and (vi) 3.50:1 after the second quarter of 2025. The maximum permitted leverage ratios described above are subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the 2022 Credit Agreement upon the consummation of an acquisition after June 30, 2025 if the consideration includes cash proceeds from issuance of funded debt in excess of $500 million. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2024, the second financial covenant requires that the ratio of the Company’s consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest charges (as such terms are defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement) be no less than 2.00:1 for fiscal quarters through June 30, 2025, and no less than 3.00:1 for all fiscal quarters thereafter. The 2022 Credit Agreement also contains customary default provisions, including defaults for non-payment, breach of representations and warranties, insolvency, non-performance of covenants and cross-defaults to other material indebtedness. The occurrence of an event of default under the 2022 Credit Agreement could result in all loans and other obligations becoming immediately due and payable and the commitments under the 2022 Credit Agreement being terminated. The amendments to the financial covenants assume moderate improvement to the current market pricing of lithium. If lithium market prices do not improve, or worsen, the Company may not be able to maintain compliance with its amended financial covenants and it will require the Company to seek additional amendments to the 2022 Credit Agreement and/or issue debt or equity securities, as needed, to fund its activities and maintain financial flexibility. If the Company is not able to obtain such necessary additional amendments, this would lead to an event of default and its lenders could require the Company to repay its outstanding debt. In that situation, the Company may not be able to raise sufficient debt or equity capital, or divest assets, to refinance or repay the lenders. On August 14, 2019, the Company entered into a $1.2 billion unsecured credit facility with several banks and other financial institutions, which was amended and restated on December 15, 2020 and again on December 10, 2021 (the “2019 Credit Facility”). On October 24, 2022, the 2019 Credit Facility was terminated, with the outstanding balance of $250 million repaid using cash on hand. Commercial Paper Notes On May 29, 2013, we entered into agreements to initiate a commercial paper program on a private placement basis under which we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes (the “Commercial Paper Notes”) from time-to-time. On May 17, 2023, we entered into definitive documentation to increase the size of our existing commercial paper program. The maximum aggregate face amount of Commercial Paper Notes outstanding at any time is $1.5 billion (up from $750 million prior to the increase). The proceeds from the issuance of the Commercial Paper Notes are expected to be used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of other debt of the Company. The 2022 Credit Agreement is available to repay the Commercial Paper Notes, if necessary. Aggregate borrowings outstanding under the 2022 Credit Agreement and the Commercial Paper Notes will not exceed the $1.5 billion current maximum amount available under the 2022 Credit Agreement. The Commercial Paper Notes will be sold at a discount from par, or alternatively, will be sold at par and bear interest at rates that will vary based upon market conditions at the time of issuance. The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes will vary but may not exceed 397 days. At December 31, 2023, we had $620.0 million of Commercial Paper Notes outstanding bearing a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 6.05% and a weighted-average maturity of 11 days. The Commercial Paper Notes are classified as Current portion of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023. Other In the second quarter of 2023, the Company received a loan of $300.0 million to be repaid in five equal annual installments beginning on December 31, 2026. This interest-free loan was discounted using an imputed interest rate of 5.53% and the Company will amortize that discount through Interest and financing expenses over the term of the loan. We have additional uncommitted credit lines with various U.S. and foreign financial institutions that provide for borrowings of up to approximately $279.8 million at December 31, 2023. Outstanding borrowings under these agreements were $30.2 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The average interest rate on borrowings under these agreements during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was approximately 0.4%. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had the ability and intent to refinance our borrowings under our other existing credit lines with borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement. Therefore, the amounts outstanding under those credit lines, if any, are classified as long-term debt at December 31, 2023 and 2022. At December 31, 2023, we had the ability to borrow $880.0 million under our commercial paper program and the Credit Agreements. We believe that as of December 31, 2023, we were, and currently are, in compliance with all of our debt covenants.

Pension Plans and Other Postret

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits	12 Months Ended
Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits	Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits: We maintain various noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain employees, primarily in the U.S., the U.K., Germany and Japan. We also have a contributory defined benefit plan covering certain Belgian employees. The benefits for these plans are based primarily on compensation and/or years of service. Our U.S. and U.K. defined benefit plans for non-represented employees are closed to new participants, with no additional benefits accruing under these plans as participants’ accrued benefits have been frozen. The funding policy for each plan complies with the requirements of relevant governmental laws and regulations. The pension information for all periods presented includes amounts related to salaried and hourly plans. The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status, as well as a summary of significant assumptions, for our defined benefit pension plans (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Change in benefit obligations: Benefit obligation at January 1 $ 514,971 $ 180,561 $ 680,696 $ 255,234 Service cost 499 5,686 904 3,700 Interest cost 26,924 7,153 18,827 3,363 Actuarial gain 11,957 10,078 (144,288) (49,380) Benefits paid (41,449) (9,051) (41,168) (11,049) Employee contributions — 60 — 64 Foreign exchange loss (gain) — 7,137 — (18,562) Settlements/curtailments — (5,606) — (1,028) Other — (100) — (1,781) Benefit obligation at December 31 $ 512,902 $ 195,918 $ 514,971 $ 180,561 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at January 1 $ 469,828 $ 58,229 $ 605,991 $ 94,256 Actual return on plan assets 54,785 4,395 (95,925) (29,694) Employer contributions 967 14,496 930 12,451 Benefits paid (41,449) (9,051) (41,168) (11,049) Employee contributions — 60 — 64 Foreign exchange gain (loss) — 3,091 — (9,004) Settlements/curtailments — (5,606) — (1,028) Other — (100) — 2,233 Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $ 484,131 $ 65,514 $ 469,828 $ 58,229 Funded status at December 31 $ (28,771) $ (130,404) $ (45,143) $ (122,332) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets: Current liabilities (accrued expenses) $ (912) $ (7,951) $ (947) $ (6,957) Noncurrent liabilities (pension benefits) (27,859) (122,453) (44,196) (115,375) Net pension liability $ (28,771) $ (130,404) $ (45,143) $ (122,332) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income: Prior service benefit $ — $ (531) $ — $ (615) Net amount recognized $ — $ (531) $ — $ (615) Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31: Discount rate 5.21 % 3.73 % 5.46 % 4.04 % Rate of compensation increase — % 3.67 % — % 3.67 % The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $700.4 million and $688.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Postretirement medical benefits and life insurance is provided for certain groups of U.S. retired employees. Medical and life insurance benefit costs have been funded principally on a pay-as-you-go basis. Although the availability of medical coverage after retirement varies for different groups of employees, the majority of employees who retire before becoming eligible for Medicare can continue group coverage by paying a portion of the cost of a monthly premium designed to cover the claims incurred by retired employees subject to a cap on payments allowed. The availability of group coverage for Medicare- eligible retirees also varies by employee group with coverage designed either to supplement or coordinate with Medicare. Retirees generally pay a portion of the cost of the coverage. Plan assets for retiree life insurance are held under an insurance contract and are reserved for retiree life insurance benefits. In 2005, the postretirement medical benefit available to U.S. employees was changed to provide that employees who are under age 50 as of December 31, 2005 would no longer be eligible for a company-paid retiree medical premium subsidy. Employees who are of age 50 and above as of December 31, 2005 and who retire after January 1, 2006 will have their retiree medical premium subsidy capped. Effective January 1, 2008, our medical insurance for certain groups of U.S. retired employees is now insured through a medical carrier. The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status, as well as a summary of significant assumptions, for our postretirement benefit plans (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Change in benefit obligations: Benefit obligation at January 1 $ 35,990 $ 47,493 Service cost 47 85 Interest cost 1,873 1,307 Actuarial gain (6,618) (10,164) Benefits paid (2,403) (2,731) Benefit obligation at December 31 $ 28,889 $ 35,990 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at January 1 $ — $ — Employer contributions 2,403 2,731 Benefits paid (2,403) (2,731) Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $ — $ — Funded status at December 31 $ (28,889) $ (35,990) December 31, 2023 2022 Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets: Current liabilities (accrued expenses) $ (2,642) $ (3,239) Noncurrent liabilities (postretirement benefits) (26,247) (32,751) Net postretirement liability $ (28,889) $ (35,990) Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31: Discount rate 5.21 % 5.45 % Rate of compensation increase — % — % The components of pension benefits cost (credit) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Service cost $ 499 $ 5,686 $ 904 $ 3,700 $ 869 $ 3,697 Interest cost 26,924 7,153 18,827 3,363 18,005 2,427 Expected return on assets (30,875) (2,872) (40,288) (3,252) (39,972) (3,593) Actuarial (gain) loss (11,951) 8,593 (8,008) (18,818) (34,857) (19,494) Amortization of prior service benefit — 81 — 89 — 115 Total net pension benefits (credit) cost $ (15,403) $ 18,641 $ (28,565) $ (14,918) $ (55,955) $ (16,848) Weighted-average assumption percentages: Discount rate 5.46 % 4.04 % 2.86 % 1.44 % 2.50 % 0.86 % Expected return on plan assets 6.88 % 4.86 % 6.89 % 3.85 % 6.88 % 3.98 % Rate of compensation increase — % 3.67 % — % 3.12 % — % 3.26 % Effective January 1, 2024, the weighted-average expected rate of return on plan assets for the U.S. and foreign defined benefit pension plans is 6.88% and 5.95%, respectively. The components of postretirement benefits cost (credit) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Service cost $ 47 $ 85 $ 123 Interest cost 1,873 1,307 1,238 Actuarial gain (6,816) (10,163) (2,568) Total net postretirement benefits credit $ (4,896) $ (8,771) $ (1,207) Weighted-average assumption percentages: Discount rate 5.45 % 2.85 % 2.49 % Rate of compensation increase — % — % 3.50 % All components of net benefit cost (credit), other than service cost, are included in Other income (expenses), net on the consolidated statements of income. The mark-to-market actuarial gain in 2023 was primarily attributable to a higher return on pension plan assets during the year than was expected, as a result of overall market and investment portfolio performance. The weighted-average actual return on our U.S. and foreign pension plan assets was 11.21% versus an expected return of 6.66%. This was partially offset by a decrease in the weighted-average discount rate to 5.21% from 5.46% for our U.S. pension plans and to 3.73% from 4.04% for our foreign pension plans to reflect market conditions as of the December 31, 2023 measurement date. The mark-to-market actuarial gain in 2022 was primarily attributable to a significant increase in the weighted average discount rate to 5.46% from 2.86% for our U.S. pension plans and to 4.04% from 1.44% for our foreign pension plans to reflect market conditions as of the December 31, 2022 measurement date. This was partially offset by a lower return on pension plan assets in 2022 than was expected, as a result of overall market and investment portfolio performance. The weighted-average actual return on our U.S. and foreign pension plan assets was (17.94)% versus an expected return of 6.48%. The mark-to-market actuarial gain in 2021 was primarily attributable to a higher return on pension plan assets in 2021 than was expected, as a result of overall market and investment portfolio performance. The weighted-average actual return on our U.S. and foreign pension plan assets was 8.42% versus an expected return of 6.50%. In addition, there was an increase in the weighted-average discount rate to 2.86% from 2.50% for our U.S. pension plans and to 1.44% from 0.86% for our foreign pension plans to reflect market conditions as of the December 31, 2021 measurement date. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The inputs used to measure fair value are classified into the following hierarchy: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability Level 3 Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the closing price on the last business day of the year. Listed securities for which no sale was reported on such date are valued at the mean between the last reported bid and asked price. Securities traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at the closing price on the last business day of the year or at bid price. The net asset value of shares or units is based on the quoted market value of the underlying assets. The market value of corporate bonds is based on institutional trading lots and is most often reflective of bid price. Government securities are valued at the mean between bid and ask prices. Holdings in private equity securities are typically valued using the net asset valuations provided by the underlying private investment companies. The following tables set forth the assets of our pension and postretirement plans that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Pension Assets: Domestic Equity (a) $ 58,906 $ 58,906 $ — $ — International Equity (b) 106,491 99,432 7,059 — Fixed Income (c) 294,140 257,299 36,841 — Absolute Return Measured at Net Asset Value (d) 80,542 — — — Cash 9,566 9,566 — — Total Pension Assets $ 549,645 $ 425,203 $ 43,900 $ — December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Pension Assets: Domestic Equity (a) $ 98,080 $ 97,984 $ 96 $ — International Equity (b) 88,002 79,815 8,187 — Fixed Income (c) 269,352 235,184 34,168 — Absolute Return Measured at Net Asset Value (d) 68,725 — — — Cash 3,898 3,898 — — Total Pension Assets $ 528,057 $ 416,881 $ 42,451 $ — (a) Consists primarily of U.S. stock funds that track or are actively managed and measured against the S&P 500 index. (b) Consists primarily of international equity funds that invest in common stocks and other securities whose value is based on an international equity index or an underlying equity security or basket of equity securities. (c) Consists primarily of debt obligations issued by governments, corporations, municipalities and other borrowers. Also includes insurance policies. (d) Consists primarily of funds with holdings in private investment companies. See additional information about the Absolute Return investments below. Holdings in private investment companies are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share as a practical expedient and have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. Their fair values are included in this table to permit reconciliation to the reconciliation of plan assets table above. The Company’s pension plan assets in the U.S. and U.K. represent approximately 96% of the total pension plan assets. The investment objective of these pension plan assets is to achieve solid returns while preserving capital to meet current plan cash flow requirements. Assets should participate in rising markets, with defensive action in declining markets expected to an even greater degree. Depending on market conditions, the broad asset class targets may range up or down by approximately 10%. These asset classes include but are not limited to hedge fund of funds, bonds and other fixed income vehicles, high yield fixed income securities, equities and distressed debt. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, equity securities held by our pension and OPEB plans did not include direct ownership of Albemarle common stock. The weighted-average target allocations as of the measurement date are as follows: Target Allocation Equity securities 38 % Fixed income 53 % Absolute return 9 % Our Absolute Return investments consist primarily of our investments in hedge fund of funds. These are holdings in private investment companies with fair values that are based on significant unobservable inputs including assumptions where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. Investment managers or fund managers associated with these investments provide valuations of the investments on a monthly basis utilizing the net asset valuation approach for determining fair values. These valuations are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness based on applicable sector, benchmark and company performance to validate the appropriateness of the net asset values as a fair value measurement. Where available, audited financial statements are obtained and reviewed for the investments as support for the manager’s investment valuation. In general, the investment objective of these funds is high risk-adjusted returns with an emphasis on preservation of capital. The investment strategies of each of the funds vary; however, the objective of our Absolute Return investments is complementary to the overall investment objective of our U.S. pension plan assets. We made contributions to our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans of $17.9 million, $16.1 million and $30.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We expect contributions to our domestic nonqualified and foreign qualified and nonqualified pension plans to approximate $14.2 million in 2024. Also, we expect to pay approximately $2.4 million in premiums to our U.S. postretirement benefit plan in 2024. However, we may choose to make additional voluntary pension contributions in excess of these amounts. The current forecast of benefit payments, which reflects expected future service, amounts to (in thousands): U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefits 2024 $ 43,432 $ 13,476 $ 2,446 2025 $ 43,600 $ 11,493 $ 2,425 2026 $ 43,399 $ 11,753 $ 2,400 2027 $ 42,985 $ 12,322 $ 2,368 2028 $ 42,350 $ 12,716 $ 2,330 2029-2033 $ 197,112 $ 66,160 $ 10,884 We have a supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”), which provides unfunded supplemental retirement benefits to certain management or highly compensated employees. The SERP provides for incremental pension benefits to offset the limitations imposed on qualified plan benefits by federal income tax regulations. Costs (credits) relating to our SERP were $0.6 million, ($1.2) million and ($0.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The projected benefit obligation for the SERP recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $6.2 million and $6.5 million, respectively. The benefit expenses and obligations of this SERP are included in the tables above. Benefits of $0.9 million are expected to be paid to SERP retirees in 2024. On October 1, 2012, our Board of Directors approved amendments to the SERP, such that effective December 31, 2014, no additional benefits shall accrue under this plan and participants’ accrued benefits shall be frozen as of that date to reflect the same changes as were made under the U.S. qualified defined benefit plan. At December 31, 2023, the assumed rate of increase in the pre-65 and post-65 per capita cost of covered health care benefits for U.S. retirees was zero as the employer-paid premium caps (pre-65 and post-65) were met starting January 1, 2013. Defined Contribution Plans On March 31, 2004, a new defined contribution pension plan benefit was adopted under the qualified defined contribution plan for U.S. non-represented employees hired after March 31, 2004. On October 1, 2012, our Board of Directors approved certain plan amendments, such that effective January 1, 2013, the defined contribution pension plan benefit is expanded to include non-represented employees hired prior to March 31, 2004, and revised the contribution for all participants to be based on 5% of eligible employee compensation. The employer portion of contributions to our U.S. defined contribution pension plan amounted to $17.8 million, $12.1 million, and $16.7 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Contributions in 2021 included amounts deferred from 2020 as a result of the Company’s plan to maintain financial flexibility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain of our employees participate in our defined contribution 401(k) employee savings plan, which is generally available to all U.S. full-time salaried and non-union hourly employees and to employees who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement that provides for such participation. This U.S. defined contribution plan is funded with contributions made by the participants and us. Our contributions to the 401(k) plan amounted to $18.4 million, $12.7 million and $17.4 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Contributions in 2021 included amounts deferred from 2020 as a result of the Company’s plan to maintain financial flexibility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiemployer Plan Prior to 2022, certain current and former employees participated in a multiemployer plan in Germany, the Pensionskasse Dynamit Nobel Versicherungsverein auf Gegenseitigkeit, Troisdorf (“DN Pensionskasse”) that provided monthly payments in the case of disability, death or retirement. On January 1, 2022, the Company terminated its membership with the DN Pensionskasse and as a result did not make any contributions during the year. In prior years, the majority of the Company’s contributions to the DN Pensionskasse were tied to employees’ contributions, which are generally calculated as a percentage of base compensation, up to a certain statutory ceiling. Our normal contributions to this plan were $1.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. Effective July 1, 2016, the DN Pensionskasse was subject to a financial improvement plan, which expired on December 31, 2022, with the final contribution in the second quarter of 2023. This financial improvement plan called for increased capital reserves to avoid future underfunding risk. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company made contributions for its employees covered under this plan of $0.4 million, $2.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses, as a result of this financial improvement plan.

Other Noncurrent Liabilities

Other Noncurrent Liabilities	12 Months Ended
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	Other Noncurrent Liabilities: Other noncurrent liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Transition tax on foreign earnings (a) $ 127,339 $ 191,708 Operating leases (b) 113,681 99,269 Liabilities related to uncertain tax positions (c) 220,555 83,670 Executive deferred compensation plan obligation 33,564 27,270 Environmental liabilities (d) 23,224 31,272 Asset retirement obligations (d) 88,703 79,522 Tax indemnification liability (e) 14,481 66,137 Deferred revenue 78,027 — Other (f) 69,526 57,748 Total $ 769,100 $ 636,596 (a) Noncurrent portion of one-time transition tax on foreign earnings. See Note 21, “Income Taxes,” for additional information. (b) See Note 18, “Leases.” (c) See Note 21, “Income Taxes.” (d) See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies.” (e) Indemnification of certain income and non-income tax liabilities, primarily associated with the Chemetall Surface Treatment entities sold in 2017. (f) No individual component exceeds 5% of total liabilities.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies: In the ordinary course of business, we have commitments in connection with various activities. We believe that amounts recorded are adequate for known items which might become due in the current year. The most significant commitments are as follows: Environmental We had the following activity in our recorded environmental liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance, beginning of year $ 38,245 $ 46,617 $ 45,771 Expenditures (3,393) (10,378) (2,752) Accretion of discount 1,094 1,031 960 Additions, liability releases and changes in estimates, net (2,541) 673 4,063 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 744 302 (1,425) Balance, end of year 34,149 38,245 46,617 Less amounts reported in Accrued expenses 10,925 6,973 9,077 Amounts reported in Other noncurrent liabilities $ 23,224 $ 31,272 $ 37,540 Environmental remediation liabilities included discounted liabilities of $27.4 million and $30.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, discounted at rates with a weighted-average of 3.7% and 3.4%, respectively, with the undiscounted amount totaling $55.4 million and $57.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For certain locations where the Company is operating groundwater monitoring and/or remediation systems, prior owners or insurers have assumed all or most of the responsibility. The amounts recorded represent our future remediation and other anticipated environmental liabilities. These liabilities typically arise during the normal course of our operational and environmental management activities or at the time of acquisition of the site, and are based on internal analysis as well as input from outside consultants. As evaluations proceed at each relevant site, changes in risk assessment practices, remediation techniques and regulatory requirements can occur, therefore such liability estimates may be adjusted accordingly. The timing and duration of remediation activities at these sites will be determined when evaluations are completed. Although it is difficult to quantify the potential financial impact of these remediation liabilities, management estimates (based on the latest available information) that there is a reasonable possibility that future environmental remediation costs associated with our past operations could represent an additional $47 million before income taxes, in excess of amounts already recorded. We believe that any sum we may be required to pay in connection with environmental remediation matters in excess of the amounts recorded would likely occur over a period of time and would likely not have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows on a consolidated annual basis although any such sum could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows in a particular quarterly reporting period. Asset Retirement Obligations The following is a reconciliation of our beginning and ending asset retirement obligation balances for 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of year $ 80,101 $ 79,213 Additions and changes in estimates 11,288 2,919 Accretion of discount 2,421 1,996 Liabilities settled (3,044) (4,266) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (1,607) 239 Balance, end of year $ 89,159 $ 80,101 Less amounts reported in Accrued expenses 456 579 Amounts reported in Other noncurrent liabilities $ 88,703 $ 79,522 Asset retirement obligations primarily relate to post-closure reclamation of brine wells and sites involved in the surface mining and manufacturing of lithium. We are not aware of any conditional asset retirement obligations that would require recognition in our consolidated financial statements. Litigation We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings of types regarded as common in our business, including administrative or judicial proceedings seeking remediation under environmental laws, such as the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, commonly known as CERCLA or Superfund, products liability, breach of contract liability and premises liability litigation. Where appropriate, we may establish financial reserves for such proceedings. We also maintain insurance to mitigate certain of such risks. Costs for legal services are generally expensed as incurred. On February 6, 2017, Huntsman International LLC (“Huntsman”), a subsidiary of Huntsman Corporation, filed a lawsuit in New York state court against Rockwood Holdings, Inc. (“Rockwood”), Rockwood Specialties, Inc., certain former executives of Rockwood and its subsidiaries, Seifollah Ghasemi, Thomas Riordan, Andrew Ross, and Michael Valente, and Albemarle. The lawsuit arises out of Huntsman’s acquisition of certain Rockwood subsidiaries in connection with a stock purchase agreement (the “SPA”), dated September 17, 2013. Before that transaction closed on October 1, 2014, Albemarle began discussions with Rockwood to purchase all outstanding equity of Rockwood and did so in a transaction that closed on January 12, 2015. Huntsman’s complaint asserted that certain technology that Rockwood had developed for a production facility in Augusta, Georgia, and which was among the assets that Huntsman acquired pursuant to the SPA, did not work, and that Rockwood and the defendant executives had intentionally misled Huntsman about that technology in connection with the Huntsman-Rockwood transaction. The complaint asserted claims for, among other things, fraud, negligent misrepresentation, and breach of the SPA, and sought certain costs for completing construction of the production facility. On March 10, 2017, Albemarle moved in New York state court to compel arbitration, which was granted on January 8, 2018 (although Huntsman unsuccessfully appealed that decision). Huntsman’s arbitration demand asserted claims substantially similar to those asserted in its state court complaint, and sought various forms of legal remedies, including cost overruns, compensatory damages, expectation damages, punitive damages, and restitution. After a trial, the arbitration panel issued an award on October 28, 2021, awarding approximately $600 million (including interest) to be paid by Albemarle to Huntsman, in addition to the possibility of attorney’s fees, costs and expenses. Following the arbitration panel decision, Albemarle reached a settlement with Huntsman to pay $665 million in two equal installments, with the first payment made in December 2021. The second and final payment of $332.5 million was made in May 2022. As a result, the consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2021, includes expense of $657.4 million ($508.5 million net of income tax), inclusive of estimated possible legal fees incurred by Huntsman and other related obligations, to reflect the increase in liabilities for this legal matter. As first reported in 2018, following receipt of information regarding potential improper payments being made by third-party sales representatives of our Refining Solutions business, within what is now the Ketjen segment, we investigated and voluntarily self-reported potential violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act to the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and the SEC, and also reported this conduct to the Dutch Public Prosecutor (“DPP”). We cooperated with these agencies in their investigations of this historical conduct and implemented appropriate remedial measures intended to strengthen our compliance program and related internal controls. In September 2023, the Company finalized agreements to resolve these matters with the DOJ and SEC. The DPP has confirmed it will not pursue action in this matter. In connection with this resolution, which relates to conduct prior to 2018, we entered into a non-prosecution agreement with the DOJ and an administrative resolution with the SEC, pursuant to which we paid a total of $218.5 million in aggregate fines, disgorgement, and prejudgment interest to the DOJ and SEC. The resolution does not include a compliance monitorship, although the Company has agreed to certain ongoing compliance reporting obligations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a charge of $218.5 million in Selling, General and Administrative Expenses in its consolidated statement of operations and accrued a corresponding liability on its consolidated balance sheet for these agreements. The agreed upon amounts were paid to the DOJ and SEC in October 2023, with this matter considered finalized and no future financial obligations expected. Indemnities We are indemnified by third parties in connection with certain matters related to acquired and divested businesses. Although we believe that the financial condition of those parties who may have indemnification obligations to the Company is generally sound, in the event the Company seeks indemnity under any of these agreements or through other means, there can be no assurance that any party who may have obligations to indemnify us will adhere to their obligations and we may have to resort to legal action to enforce our rights under the indemnities. The Company may be subject to indemnity claims relating to properties or businesses it divested, including properties or businesses of acquired businesses that were divested prior to the completion of the acquisition. In the opinion of management, and based upon information currently available, the ultimate resolution of any indemnification obligations owed to the Company or by the Company is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company had approximately $14.5 million and $66.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, recorded in Other noncurrent liabilities primarily related to the indemnification of certain income and non-income tax liabilities associated with the Chemetall Surface Treatment entities sold in 2017. Other The Company has standby letters of credit and guarantees with various financial institutions. The following table summarizes our letters of credit and guarantee agreements (in thousands): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Letters of credit and other guarantees $ 193,648 $ 13,375 $ 2,454 $ 868 $ 717 $ 6,088 The outstanding letters of credit are primarily related to insurance claim payment guarantees. The majority of the Company’s other guarantees have terms of one year and mainly consist of performance and environmental guarantees, as well as guarantees to customs and port authorities. The guarantees arose during the ordinary course of business. We do not have recorded reserves for the letters of credit and guarantees as of December 31, 2023. We are unable to estimate the maximum amount of the potential future liability under guarantees and letters of credit. However, we accrue for any potential loss for which we believe a future payment is probable and a range of loss can be reasonably estimated. We believe our liability under such obligations is immaterial. We currently, and are from time to time, subject to transactional audits in various taxing jurisdictions and to customs audits globally. We do not expect the financial impact of any of these audits to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
Leases	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases: We lease certain office space, buildings, transportation and equipment in various countries. The initial lease terms generally range from 1 to 30 years for real estate leases, and from 2 to 15 years for non-real estate leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Many leases include options to terminate or renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 1 to 50 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The following table provides details of our lease contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 48,238 $ 43,809 $ 42,338 Finance lease cost: Amortization of right of use assets 5,302 3,377 614 Interest on lease liabilities 5,070 3,504 3,010 Total finance lease cost 10,372 6,881 3,624 Short-term lease cost 20,309 13,985 11,084 Variable lease cost 25,075 8,064 8,002 Total lease cost $ 103,994 $ 72,739 $ 65,048 Supplemental cash flow information related to our lease contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2020 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 49,261 $ 36,629 $ 33,030 Operating cash flows from finance leases 4,671 3,389 1,776 Financing cash flows from finance leases 2,165 1,432 687 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases 48,655 15,913 56,814 Finance leases 46,773 3,976 17,096 Supplemental balance sheet information related to our lease contracts, including the location on balance sheet, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in thousands, except as noted): December 31, 2023 2022 Operating leases: Other assets $ 137,405 $ 128,173 Accrued expenses 30,583 35,515 Other noncurrent liabilities 113,681 99,269 Total operating lease liabilities 144,264 134,784 Finance leases: Net property, plant and equipment 112,438 81,356 Current portion of long-term debt (a) 9,702 4,995 Long-term debt 104,484 74,409 Total finance lease liabilities 114,186 79,404 Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): Operating leases 12.2 13.3 Finance leases 20.7 22.8 Weighted average discount rate (%): Operating leases 4.74 % 3.60 % Finance leases 4.71 % 4.41 % (a) Balance includes accrued interest of finance lease. Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Operating Leases Finance Leases 2024 $ 33,646 $ 12,386 2025 28,980 9,229 2026 20,667 8,566 2027 15,664 8,566 2028 11,102 8,566 Thereafter 107,058 128,547 Total lease payments 217,117 175,860 Less imputed interest 72,853 61,674 Total $ 144,264 $ 114,186
Leases	Leases: We lease certain office space, buildings, transportation and equipment in various countries. The initial lease terms generally range from 1 to 30 years for real estate leases, and from 2 to 15 years for non-real estate leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Many leases include options to terminate or renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 1 to 50 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The following table provides details of our lease contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 48,238 $ 43,809 $ 42,338 Finance lease cost: Amortization of right of use assets 5,302 3,377 614 Interest on lease liabilities 5,070 3,504 3,010 Total finance lease cost 10,372 6,881 3,624 Short-term lease cost 20,309 13,985 11,084 Variable lease cost 25,075 8,064 8,002 Total lease cost $ 103,994 $ 72,739 $ 65,048 Supplemental cash flow information related to our lease contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2020 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 49,261 $ 36,629 $ 33,030 Operating cash flows from finance leases 4,671 3,389 1,776 Financing cash flows from finance leases 2,165 1,432 687 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases 48,655 15,913 56,814 Finance leases 46,773 3,976 17,096 Supplemental balance sheet information related to our lease contracts, including the location on balance sheet, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in thousands, except as noted): December 31, 2023 2022 Operating leases: Other assets $ 137,405 $ 128,173 Accrued expenses 30,583 35,515 Other noncurrent liabilities 113,681 99,269 Total operating lease liabilities 144,264 134,784 Finance leases: Net property, plant and equipment 112,438 81,356 Current portion of long-term debt (a) 9,702 4,995 Long-term debt 104,484 74,409 Total finance lease liabilities 114,186 79,404 Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): Operating leases 12.2 13.3 Finance leases 20.7 22.8 Weighted average discount rate (%): Operating leases 4.74 % 3.60 % Finance leases 4.71 % 4.41 % (a) Balance includes accrued interest of finance lease. Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Operating Leases Finance Leases 2024 $ 33,646 $ 12,386 2025 28,980 9,229 2026 20,667 8,566 2027 15,664 8,566 2028 11,102 8,566 Thereafter 107,058 128,547 Total lease payments 217,117 175,860 Less imputed interest 72,853 61,674 Total $ 144,264 $ 114,186

Stock-based Compensation Expens

Stock-based Compensation Expense	12 Months Ended
Stock-based Compensation Expense	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation Expense	Stock-based Compensation Expense: Incentive Plans We have various share-based compensation plans that authorize the granting of (i) qualified and non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of our common stock, (ii) restricted stock and restricted stock units, (iii) performance unit awards and (iv) stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) to employees and non-employee directors, at our option. Stock options granted to employees generally vest over three years and have a term of ten years. Restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards vest in periods ranging from one one In May 2017, the Company adopted the Albemarle Corporation 2017 Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), which replaced the Albemarle Corporation 2008 Incentive Plan. The maximum number of shares available for issuance to participants under the Incentive Plan is 4,500,000 shares. The adoption of the Incentive Plan did not affect awards already granted under the Albemarle Corporation 2008 Incentive Plan. In February 2023, the Company adopted the Albemarle Corporation 2023 Stock Compensation and Deferral Election Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the “Non-Employee Directors Plan”). The Non-Employee Directors Plan replaced the 2013 Stock Compensation and Deferral Election Plan for Non-Employee Directors, which expired by its terms in May 2023. Under the Non-Employee Directors Plan, a maximum aggregate number of 500,000 shares of our common stock is authorized for issuance to the Company’s non-employee directors; any shares remaining available for issuance under the prior plans were canceled. The aggregate fair market value of shares that may be issued to a director during any compensation year (as defined in the Non-Employee Directors Plan, generally July 1 to June 30) shall not exceed $750,000. At December 31, 2023, there were 3,072,368 shares available for grant under the Incentive Plan and 493,250 shares available for grant under the Non-Employee Directors Plan. Total stock-based compensation expense associated with our incentive plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $39.0 million, $31.4 million and $18.8 million, respectively, and is included in Cost of goods sold and Selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Total related recognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $4.6 million, $4.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The following table summarizes information about the Company’s fixed-price stock options as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023: Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at December 31, 2022 384,936 $ 114.24 6.3 $ 39,501 Granted 51,316 249.52 Exercised (3,124) 59.41 Forfeited (5,984) 207.12 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 427,144 $ 129.59 5.8 $ 14,891 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 314,745 $ 102.14 4.9 $ 14,891 We granted 51,316, 57,348 and 62,479 stock options during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no significant modifications made to any share-based grants during these periods. The fair value of each option granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Dividend yield 1.26 % 1.32 % 1.43 % Volatility 40.06 % 36.21 % 36.19 % Average expected life (years) 6 6 6 Risk-free interest rate 3.95 % 1.97 % 1.44 % Fair value of options granted $ 98.66 $ 63.00 $ 49.42 Dividend yield is the average of historical yields and those estimated over the average expected life. The stock volatility is based on historical volatilities of our common stock. The average expected life represents the weighted average period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding giving consideration to vesting schedules and our historical exercise patterns. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury strip rate with stripped coupon interest for the period equal to the contractual term of the share option grant in effect at the time of grant. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $0.5 million, $6.9 million and $37.2 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option. Total compensation cost not yet recognized for nonvested stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2023 is approximately $4.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.9 years. Cash proceeds from stock options exercised and tax benefits related to stock options exercised were $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted common stock awards. The following table summarizes activity in performance unit awards as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023: Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Nonvested, beginning of period 224,548 $ 140.44 Granted 79,396 288.28 Vested (73,060) 102.29 Forfeited (7,028) 229.70 Nonvested, end of period 223,856 207.61 The weighted average grant date fair value of performance unit awards granted in 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $22.9 million, $13.1 million and $10.0 million, respectively. For all periods presented, half of the performance unit awards granted were based on the targeted return on invested capital (“ROIC Award”), while the other half were granted based on targeted market conditions (“TSR Award”). The fair value of each TSR Award was estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model as these equity awards are tied to a service and market condition. The calculation used the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Volatility 50.41 % 51.51 % 47.13 % Risk-free interest rate 4.51 % 1.72 % 0.27 % The weighted average fair value of performance unit awards that vested during 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $17.2 million, $11.9 million and $5.8 million, respectively, based on the closing prices of our common stock on the dates of vesting. Total compensation cost not yet recognized for nonvested performance unit awards outstanding as of December 31, 2023 is approximately $24.8 million, calculated based on current expectation of specific performance criteria, and is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 1.5 years. Each performance unit represents one share of common stock. The following table summarizes activity in non-performance based restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023: Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Nonvested, beginning of period 300,953 $ 120.09 Granted 87,240 221.86 Vested (183,258) 86.15 Forfeited (6,788) 196.00 Nonvested, end of period 198,147 190.40 The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards granted in 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $19.4 million, $15.4 million and $10.6 million, respectively. The weighted average fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards that vested in 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $38.8 million, $17.8 million and $11.0 million, respectively, based on the closing prices of our common stock on the dates of vesting. Total compensation cost not yet recognized for nonvested, non-performance based restricted stock and restricted stock units as of December 31, 2023 is approximately $20.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.9 years. The fair value of the non-performance based restricted stock and restricted stock units was estimated on the date of grant adjusted for a dividend factor, if necessary.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	12 Months Ended
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income: The components and activity in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (net of deferred income taxes) consisted of the following during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Foreign Net Investment Hedge (a) Cash Flow Hedge (b) Interest Rate Swap (c) Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ (369,152) $ 46,593 $ 6,449 $ (10,022) $ (326,132) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (74,478) 5,110 174 — (69,194) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 93 — — 2,623 2,716 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (74,385) 5,110 174 2,623 (66,478) Amounts reclassified within accumulated other comprehensive income 51,703 (51,703) — — — Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 160 — — — 160 Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (391,674) $ — $ 6,623 $ (7,399) $ (392,450) Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (171,367) — (4,399) — (175,766) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 72 — — 7,399 7,471 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (171,295) — (4,399) 7,399 (168,295) Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 83 — — — 83 Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (562,886) $ — $ 2,224 $ — $ (560,662) Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 26,337 — 5,986 — 32,323 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 66 — (135) — (69) Other comprehensive income, net of tax 26,403 — 5,851 — 32,254 Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (118) — — — (118) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (536,601) $ — $ 8,075 $ — $ (528,526) (a) During the first quarter of 2021, the net investment hedge was discontinued following the repayment of the 1.875% Euro-denominated senior notes. The balance of foreign exchange revaluation gains and losses associated with this discontinued net investment hedge have been reclassified to Foreign currency translation and other, and will remain within Accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged net investment is sold or liquidated. (b) We entered into a foreign currency forward contract in the fourth quarter of 2019, which was designated and accounted for as a cash flow hedge under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging . See Note 22, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for additional information. (c) The pre-tax portion of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss is included in interest expense. The balance of this interest rate swap was being amortized to Interest and financing expenses over the life of the 4.15% senior notes originally due in 2024. As discussed in Note 14, “Long-term Debt,” the Company repaid these notes in the second quarter of 2022, and as a result, reclassified the remaining balance of this interest rate swap to interest expense during the same period as part of the early extinguishment of debt. The amount of income tax benefit (expense) allocated to each component of Other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is provided in the following tables (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation and Other Net Investment Hedge Cash Flow Hedge Interest Rate Swap Total 2023 Other comprehensive income, before tax $ 23,964 $ — $ 8,358 $ — $ 32,322 Income tax expense 2,439 — (2,507) — (68) Other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 26,403 $ — $ 5,851 $ — $ 32,254 2022 Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax $ (168,953) $ — $ (4,399) $ 9,739 $ (163,613) Income tax expense (2,342) — — (2,340) (4,682) Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax $ (171,295) $ — $ (4,399) $ 7,399 $ (168,295) 2021 Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax $ (76,544) $ 6,552 $ 174 $ 3,336 $ (66,482) Income tax benefit (expense) 2,159 (1,442) — (713) 4 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax $ (74,385) $ 5,110 $ 174 $ 2,623 $ (66,478)

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes: Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments, and current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) are composed of the following (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments: Domestic $ (461,897) $ 952,799 $ (186,077) Foreign 708,635 1,480,645 319,695 Total $ 246,738 $ 2,433,444 $ 133,618 Current income tax expense (benefit): Federal $ (54,250) $ 33,230 $ 11,722 State (3,395) 4,965 694 Foreign 387,045 259,054 55,530 Total $ 329,400 $ 297,249 $ 67,946 Deferred income tax expense (benefit): Federal $ (8,545) $ 84,054 $ (38,413) State (4,154) (3,511) (5,544) Foreign 113,576 12,796 5,457 Total $ 100,877 $ 93,339 $ (38,500) Total income tax expense $ 430,277 $ 390,588 $ 29,446 The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows: % of Income Before Income Taxes 2023 2022 2021 Federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State taxes, net of federal tax benefit (2.8) — (3.5) Change in valuation allowance (a) 98.8 (3.9) 33.7 Impact of foreign earnings, net (b)(c) 7.7 (0.1) (40.5) Global intangible low tax inclusion 4.2 0.3 12.3 Foreign-derived intangible income — (3.0) — Section 162(m) limitation 4.4 0.3 4.5 Subpart F income (1.9) 0.2 4.8 Stock-based compensation (3.9) (0.3) (7.2) Depletion (2.4) (0.2) (2.9) U.S. federal return to provision (6.1) (0.4) (1.7) Revaluation of unrecognized tax benefits/reserve requirements (d) 39.1 2.3 3.0 Legal accrual (e) 18.6 — — Other items, net (2.3) (0.1) (1.5) Effective income tax rate 174.4 % 16.1 % 22.0 % (a) Due to the Company being in a three-year cumulative loss position in China as of December 31, 2023, the year ended December 31, 2023 includes the establishment of a valuation allowance of $223.0 million on current year losses in one of our Chinese entities. The years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 include benefits of $91.8 million and $6.0 million, respectively, due to the release of a foreign valuation allowance due to changes in expected profitability. (b) The year ended December 31, 2021 includes a discrete tax benefit of $27.9 million related to the revision of an indemnification estimate for an ongoing tax-related matter in Germany. (c) Our statutory rate is decreased by our share of the income of JBC, a Free Zones company under the laws of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The applicable provisions of the Jordanian law, and applicable regulations thereunder, do not have a termination provision and the exemption is indefinite. As a Free Zones company, JBC is not subject to income taxes on the profits of products exported from Jordan, and currently, substantially all of the profits are from exports. This resulted in a rate benefit of 20.1%, 3.2%, and 34.6% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. (d) The year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $96.5 million expense recorded for a current year tax reserve related to an uncertain tax position in Chile. (e) The year ended December 31, 2023 includes the tax impact of a non-deductible $218.5 million legal accrual recorded for the agreements to resolve a previously disclosed legal matter with the DOJ and SEC during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for further details on this matter. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Accrued employee benefits $ 31,917 $ 20,060 Operating loss carryovers 1,316,916 1,157,841 Pensions 23,527 26,229 Inventory reserves 83,136 3,600 Tax credit carryovers 1,431 3,750 Other (a) 103,517 118,733 Gross deferred tax assets 1,560,444 1,330,213 Valuation allowance (1,349,924) (1,087,505) Deferred tax assets 210,520 242,708 Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation (541,245) (446,942) Intangibles (54,413) (84,690) Other (150,859) (145,412) Deferred tax liabilities (746,517) (677,044) Net deferred tax liabilities $ (535,997) $ (434,336) Classification in the consolidated balance sheets: Noncurrent deferred tax assets $ 22,433 $ 46,434 Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities (558,430) (480,770) Net deferred tax liabilities $ (535,997) $ (434,336) Changes in the balance of our deferred tax asset valuation allowance are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ (1,087,505) $ (1,276,305) $ (1,326,204) Additions (262,469) (5,810) (61,470) Deductions 50 194,610 111,369 Balance at December 31 $ (1,349,924) $ (1,087,505) $ (1,276,305) At December 31, 2023, we had approximately $1.4 million of domestic credits available to offset future payments of income taxes, expiring in varying amounts between 2024 and 2028. We have established valuation allowances for $0.1 million of those domestic credits since we believe that it is more likely than not that the related deferred tax assets will not be realized. We believe that sufficient taxable income will be generated during the carryover period in order to utilize the other remaining credit carryovers. At December 31, 2023, we have on a pre-tax basis, domestic state net operating losses of $355.5 million, expiring between 2022 and 2041, which have pre-tax valuation allowances of $13.8 million established. In addition, we have on a pre-tax basis $5.2 billion of foreign net operating losses, which have pre-tax valuation allowances for $5.1 billion established. $643.5 million of these foreign net operating losses expire in 2028, $2.7 billion expire in 2035, $215.1 million expire in 2036. $19.7 million expire in 2037, $14.3 million expire at various other dates and $1.6 billion have an indefinite life. We have established valuation allowances for these deferred tax assets since we believe that it is more likely than not that the related deferred tax assets will not be realized. For the same reason, we established pre-tax valuation allowances of $250.9 million and $265.5 million for other state and foreign deferred tax assets, respectively, unrelated to net operating losses. The realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdictions. Although realization is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that the remaining deferred tax assets will be realized. However, the amount considered realizable could be reduced if estimates of future taxable income change. As of December 31, 2023, we have not recorded taxes on approximately $11.1 billion of cumulative undistributed earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries and joint ventures. The TCJA imposed a mandatory transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings and generally eliminated U.S. taxes on foreign subsidiary distribution with the exception of foreign withholding taxes and other foreign local tax. We generally do not provide for taxes related to our undistributed earnings because such earnings either would not be taxable when remitted or they are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. If in the foreseeable future, we can no longer demonstrate that these earnings are indefinitely reinvested, a deferred tax liability will be recognized. A determination of the amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liability related to these undistributed earnings is not practicable due to the complexity and variety of assumptions necessary based on the manner in which the undistributed earnings would be repatriated. Liabilities related to uncertain tax positions were $220.6 million and $83.7 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, inclusive of interest and penalties of $42.0 million and $11.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are reported in Other noncurrent liabilities as provided in Note 16, “Other Noncurrent Liabilities.” These liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were reduced by $73.0 million and $32.4 million, respectively, for offsetting benefits from the corresponding effects of potential transfer pricing adjustments, state and local income taxes, and rate arbitrage related to foreign structure. These offsetting benefits are recorded in Other assets as provided in Note 11, “Other Assets.” The resulting net liability of $105.6 million as of December 31, 2023 would favorably affect earnings if recognized and released, while the net liability of $39.8 million at December 31, 2022 would favorably affect earnings if recognized and released. The liabilities related to uncertain tax positions, exclusive of interest, were $178.8 million and $72.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following is a reconciliation of our total gross liability related to uncertain tax positions for 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 72,162 $ 20,717 $ 11,639 Additions for tax positions related to prior years 6,216 1,673 75 Reductions for tax positions related to prior years — — (6) Additions for tax positions related to current year 101,179 50,531 10,911 Lapses in statutes of limitations/settlements (770) (995) (1,931) Foreign currency translation adjustment (2) 236 29 Balance at December 31 $ 178,785 $ 72,162 $ 20,717 We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Due to the statute of limitations, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax audits by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for years prior to 2020. Due to the statute of limitations, we also are no longer subject to U.S. state income tax audits prior to 2017. With respect to jurisdictions outside the U.S., several audits are in process. We have audits ongoing for the years 2014 through 2022 related to Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Germany and South Africa, some of which are for entities that have since been divested. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could be greater than our accrued position. Accordingly, additional provisions on federal and foreign tax-related matters could be recorded in the future as revised estimates are made or the underlying matters are settled or otherwise resolved. Since the timing of resolutions and/or closure of tax audits is uncertain, it is difficult to predict with certainty the range of reasonably possible significant increases or decreases in the liability related to uncertain tax positions that may occur within the next twelve months. Our current view is that it is reasonably possible that we could record an increase in the liability related to uncertain tax positions, relating to a number of issues, up to approximately $0.4 million as a result of closure of tax statutes.

Fair Value of Financial Instrum

Fair Value of Financial Instruments	12 Months Ended
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments: In assessing the fair value of financial instruments, we use methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and other risk factors existing at the time of assessment. Fair value information for our financial instruments is as follows: Long-Term Debt—the fair values of our notes are estimated using Level 1 inputs and account for the difference between the recorded amount and fair value of our long-term debt. The carrying value of our remaining long-term debt reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value as substantially all of such debt bears interest based on prevailing variable market rates currently available in the countries in which we have borrowings. December 31, 2023 2022 Recorded Amount Fair Value Recorded Amount Fair Value (In thousands) Long-term debt $ 4,186,532 $ 4,021,693 $ 3,239,853 $ 2,993,027 Foreign Currency Forward Contracts—during the fourth quarter of 2019, we entered into a foreign currency forward contract to hedge the cash flow exposure of non-functional currency purchases during the construction of the Kemerton plant in Australia. This derivative financial instrument is used to manage risk and is not used for trading or other speculative purposes. This foreign currency forward contract has been designated as a hedging instrument under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging . At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had outstanding designated foreign currency forward contracts with notional values totaling the equivalent of $994.5 million and $64.5 million, respectively. We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts in connection with our risk management strategies that have not been designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , in an attempt to minimize the financial impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These derivative financial instruments are used to manage risk and are not used for trading or other speculative purposes. The fair values of our non-designated foreign currency forward contracts are estimated based on current settlement values. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had outstanding non-designated foreign currency forward contracts with notional values totaling $7.1 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, hedging our exposure to various currencies including the Chinese Renminbi, Euro, Australian Dollar, Chilean Peso and Japanese Yen. The following table summarizes the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts included in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Designated as hedging instruments Other current assets $ 3,489 $ — $ — $ — Other assets 11,704 — — — Accrued expenses — 446 — 3,159 Total designated as hedging instruments 15,193 446 — 3,159 Not designated as hedging instruments Other current assets 2,636 — 6,016 — Accrued expenses — 5,306 — 85 Total not designated as hedging instruments 2,636 5,306 6,016 85 Total $ 17,829 $ 5,752 $ 6,016 $ 3,244 The following table summarizes the net gains (losses) recognized for our foreign currency forward contracts during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Designated as hedging instruments: Gains (losses) recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) $ 8,493 $ (4,398) $ 174 Not designated as hedging instruments: Gains (losses) recognized in Other income (expenses), net (a) $ 213,378 $ (41,088) $ 1,068 (a) Fluctuations in the value of our foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments are generally expected to be offset by changes in the value of the underlying exposures being hedged, which are also reported in Other income (expenses), net. In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded net cash receipts (settlements) of $218.0 million, ($44.4) million and ($2.4) million, respectively, primarily within Changes in current assets and liabilities, in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Unrealized gains and losses related to the cash flow hedges will be reclassified to earnings over the life of the related assets when settled and the related assets are placed into service. The counterparties to our foreign currency forward contracts are major financial institutions with which we generally have other financial relationships. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurement	12 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurement	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurement	Fair Value Measurement: Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The inputs used to measure fair value are classified into the following hierarchy: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability Level 3 Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables set forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Available for sale debt securities (a) $ 289,307 $ — $ — $ 289,307 Investments under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 33,564 $ 33,564 $ — $ — Public equity securities (c) $ 168,928 $ 168,928 $ — $ — Private equity securities measured at net asset value (d)(e) $ 4,536 $ — $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 17,829 $ — $ 17,829 $ — Liabilities: Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 33,564 $ 33,564 $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 5,752 $ — $ 5,752 $ — December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Available for sale debt securities (a) $ 260,139 $ — $ — $ 260,139 Investments under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 27,270 $ 27,270 $ — $ — Public equity securities (c) $ 5,890 $ 5,890 $ — $ — Private equity securities measured at net asset value (d)(e) $ 6,375 $ — $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 6,016 $ — $ 6,016 $ — Liabilities: Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 27,270 $ 27,270 $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 3,244 $ — $ 3,244 $ — (a) Preferred equity of a Grace subsidiary acquired as a portion of the proceeds of the FCS sale on June 1, 2021. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for further details on the material terms and conditions. A third-party estimate of the fair value was prepared using expected future cash flows over the period up to when the asset is likely to be redeemed, applying a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant's view of the risk associated with the investment. These are considered to be Level 3 inputs. (b) We maintain an EDCP that was adopted in 2001 and subsequently amended. The purpose of the EDCP is to provide current tax planning opportunities as well as supplemental funds upon the retirement or death of certain of our employees. The EDCP is intended to aid in attracting and retaining employees of exceptional ability by providing them with these benefits. We also maintain a Benefit Protection Trust (the “Trust”) that was created to provide a source of funds to assist in meeting the obligations of the EDCP, subject to the claims of our creditors in the event of our insolvency. Assets of the Trust are consolidated in accordance with authoritative guidance. The assets of the Trust consist primarily of mutual fund investments (which are accounted for as trading securities and are marked-to-market on a monthly basis through the consolidated statements of income) and cash and cash equivalents. As such, these assets and obligations are classified within Level 1. (c) Holdings in equity securities of public companies reported in Investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value is measured using publicly available share prices of the investments, with any changes reported in Other income (expenses), net, in our consolidated statements of income. See Note 10, “Investments,” for further details. (d) Primarily consists of private equity securities reported in Investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The changes in fair value are reported in Other income (expenses), net in our consolidated statements of income. (e) Holdings in certain private equity securities are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. (f) As a result of our global operating and financing activities, we are exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates which may adversely affect our operating results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, we minimize our risks from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. The foreign currency forward contracts are valued using broker quotations or market transactions in either the listed or over-the-counter markets. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2. See Note 22, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for further details about our foreign currency forward contracts. The following tables set forth the reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance for the Level 3 recurring fair value measurements (in thousands): Available for Sale Debt Securities Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 260,139 $ 246,517 Accretion of discount 5,306 12,735 PIK dividends 19,307 — Change in fair value 4,554 887 Ending balance $ 289,306 $ 260,139

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions: Our consolidated statements of income include sales to and purchases from unconsolidated affiliates in the ordinary course of business as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Sales to unconsolidated affiliates $ 35,676 $ 51,906 $ 19,441 Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates (a) $ 3,652,784 $ 1,920,476 $ 213,077 (a) Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates primarily relate to spodumene purchased from the Company’s Windfield joint venture. (b) Cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income included purchases from related unconsolidated affiliates of $2.3 billion, $656.7 million and $156.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our consolidated balance sheets include accounts receivable due from and payable to unconsolidated affiliates in the ordinary course of business as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Receivables from unconsolidated affiliates $ 15,992 $ 21,495 Payables to unconsolidated affiliates (a) $ 550,186 $ 518,377 (a) Payables to unconsolidated affiliates primarily relate to spodumene purchased from the Company’s Windfield joint venture under normal payment terms.

Segment and Geographic Area Inf

Segment and Geographic Area Information	12 Months Ended
Segment and Geographic Area Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment and Geographic Area Information	Segment and Geographic Area Information: Effective January 1, 2023, the Company realigned its Lithium and Bromine global business units into a new corporate structure designed to better meet customer needs and foster talent required to deliver in a competitive global environment. In addition, the Company announced its decision to retain its Catalysts business under a separate, wholly-owned subsidiary renamed Ketjen. As a result, the Company’s three reportable segments include: (1) Energy Storage; (2) Specialties; and (3) Ketjen. Each segment has a dedicated team of sales, research and development, process engineering, manufacturing and sourcing, and business strategy personnel and has full accountability for improving execution through greater asset and market focus, agility and responsiveness. This business structure aligns with the markets and customers we serve through each of the segments. This structure also facilitates the continued standardization of business processes across the organization, and is consistent with the manner in which information is presently used internally by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to evaluate performance and make resource allocation decisions. The segment information for the prior year periods have been recast to conform to the current year presentation. Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following tables. The “All Other” category included only the FCS business that did not fit into any of the Company’s core businesses. On June 1, 2021, the Company completed the sale of the FCS business. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for additional information. Amounts in the “All Other” category represent activity in this business until divested on June 1, 2021. The Corporate category is not considered to be a segment and includes corporate-related items not allocated to the operating segments. Pension and other post-employment benefit (“OPEB”) service cost (which represents the benefits earned by active employees during the period) and amortization of prior service cost or benefit are allocated to the reportable segments and Corporate, whereas the remaining components of pension and OPEB benefits cost or credit (“Non-operating pension and OPEB items”) are included in Corporate. Segment data includes inter-segment transfers of raw materials at cost and allocations for certain corporate costs. The Company’s chief operating decision maker uses adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) to assess the ongoing performance of the Company’s business segments and to allocate resources. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest and financing expenses, income tax expenses, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted on a consistent basis for certain non-operating, non-recurring or unusual items in a balanced manner and on a segment basis. These non-operating, non-recurring or unusual items may include acquisition and integration related costs, gains or losses on sales of businesses, restructuring charges, facility divestiture charges, certain litigation and arbitration costs and charges, non-operating pension and OPEB items and other significant non-recurring items. In addition, management uses adjusted EBITDA for business and enterprise planning purposes and as a significant component in the calculation of performance-based compensation for management and other employees. The Company has reported adjusted EBITDA because management believes it provides additional useful measurements to review the Company’s operations, provides transparency to investors and enables period-to-period comparability of financial performance. Total adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. Total adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to Net (loss) income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, or any other financial measure reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Segment information for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands). Prior period amounts have been recast to reflect the current segment structure. Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net sales: Energy Storage $ 7,078,998 $ 4,660,945 $ 1,067,430 Specialties 1,482,425 1,759,587 1,424,197 Ketjen 1,055,780 899,572 761,235 Total segment net sales 9,617,203 7,320,104 3,252,862 All Other — — 75,095 Total net sales $ 9,617,203 $ 7,320,104 $ 3,327,957 Adjusted EBITDA: Energy Storage $ 2,407,393 $ 3,032,260 $ 371,384 Specialties 298,506 527,318 468,836 Ketjen 103,872 28,732 106,941 Total segment adjusted EBITDA 2,809,771 3,588,310 947,161 See below for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted EBITDA to the companies consolidated Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Total segment adjusted EBITDA $ 2,809,771 $ 3,588,310 $ 947,161 All other adjusted EBITDA — — 29,858 Corporate expenses, net (43,486) (112,453) (106,045) Depreciation and amortization (429,944) (300,841) (254,000) Interest and financing expenses (a) (116,072) (122,973) (61,476) Income tax expense (430,277) (390,588) (29,446) Gain (loss) on change in interest in properties/sale of business, net (b) 71,190 (8,400) 295,971 Acquisition and integration related costs (c) (26,767) (16,259) (12,670) Goodwill impairment (d) (6,765) — — Non-operating pension and OPEB items 7,971 57,032 78,814 Mark-to-market (loss) gain on public equity securities (e) (44,732) 4,319 — Legal accrual (f) (218,510) — (657,412) Albemarle Foundation contribution (g) — — (20,000) Indemnification adjustments (h) — — (39,381) Other (i) 1,097 (8,331) (47,702) Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation $ 1,573,476 $ 2,689,816 $ 123,672 (a) Included in Interest and financing expenses is a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $19.2 million and $29.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 14, “Long-term Debt,” for additional information. In addition, Interest and financing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes the correction of an out of period error of $17.5 million related to the overstatement of capitalized interest in prior periods. (b) Gain recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023 resulting from the restructuring of the MARBL joint venture with MRL. See Note 10, “Investments,” for further details. $8.4 million and $132.4 million of expense recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as a result of revised estimates of the obligation to construct certain lithium hydroxide conversion assets in Kemerton, Western Australia, due to cost overruns from supply chain, labor and COVID-19 pandemic related issues. The corresponding obligation was initially recorded in Accrued liabilities prior to being transferred to MRL, which held a 40% ownership interest in these Kemerton assets during those periods. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for additional information. In addition, the year ended December 31, 2021, includes a $428.4 million gain related to the FCS divestiture. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for additional information on this gain. (c) Costs related to the acquisition, integration and potential divestitures for various significant projects, recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”). (d) Goodwill impairment charge recorded in SG&A during the year ended December 31, 2023 related to our PCS business. See Note 12, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles,” for further details. (e) (Loss) gain recorded in Other income (expenses), net for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 resulting from the change in fair value of investments in public equity securities. (f) Loss recorded in SG&A for the agreements to resolve a previously disclosed legal matter with the DOJ and SEC during the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2021 the Company recorded a loss in Other income (expenses), net for related to the settlement of an arbitration ruling for a prior legal matter. See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for further details on both matters. (g) Included in SG&A is a charitable contribution, using a portion of the proceeds received from the FCS divestiture, to the Albemarle Foundation, a non-profit organization that sponsors grants, health and social projects, educational initiatives, disaster relief, matching gift programs, scholarships and other charitable initiatives in locations where the Company’s employees live and the Company operates. This contribution is in addition to the normal annual contribution made to the Albemarle Foundation by the Company, and is significant in size and nature in that it is intended to provide more long-term benefits in these communities. (h) Included in Other income (expenses), net to revise an indemnification estimate for an ongoing tax-related matter of a previously disposed business in Germany. A corresponding discrete tax benefit of $27.9 million was recorded in Income tax expense during the same period, netting to an expected cash obligation of approximately $11.5 million. (i) Included amounts for the year ended December 31, 2023 recorded in: • Cost of goods sold - $15.1 million loss recorded to settle an arbitration matter with a regulatory agency in Chile, partially offset by a $4.1 million gain from an updated cost estimate of an environmental reserve at a site not part of our operations. • SG&A - $9.5 million of separation and other severance costs to employees in Corporate and the Ketjen business which are primarily expected to be paid out during 2023, $2.3 million of facility closure expenses related to offices in Germany, $1.9 million of charges primarily for environmental reserves at sites not part of our operations and $1.8 million of various expenses including for certain legal costs and shortfall contributions for a multiemployer plan financial improvement plan. • Other income (expenses), net - $19.3 million gain from PIK dividends of preferred equity in a Grace subsidiary, a $7.3 million gain resulting from insurance proceeds of a prior legal matter and $5.5 million of gains from the sale of investments and the write-off of certain liabilities no longer required, partially offset by $3.6 million of charges for asset retirement obligations at a site not part of our operations and $0.9 million of a loss resulting from the adjustment of indemnification related to previously disposed businesses. Included amounts for the year ended December 31, 2022 recorded in: • Cost of goods sold - $2.7 million of expense related to one-time retention payments for certain employees during the Catalysts strategic review and business unit realignment, and $0.5 million related to the settlement of a legal matter resulting from a prior acquisition. • SG&A - $4.3 million primarily related to facility closure expenses of offices in Germany, $2.8 million of charges for environmental reserves at sites not part of our operations, $2.8 million of shortfall contributions for our multiemployer plan financial improvement plan, $1.9 million of expense related to one-time retention payments for certain employees during the Catalysts strategic review, partially offset by $4.3 million of gains from the sale of legacy properties not part of our operations. • Other income (expenses), net - $3.0 million gain from the reversal of a liability related to a previous divestiture, a $2.0 million gain relating to the adjustment of an environmental reserve at non-operating businesses we previously divested and a $0.6 million gain related to a settlement received from a legal matter in a prior period, partially offset by a $3.2 million loss resulting from the adjustment of indemnification related to previously disposed businesses. Included amounts for the year ended December 31, 2021 recorded in: • Cost of goods sold - $10.5 million of expense related to a legal matter as part of a prior acquisition in our Lithium business. • SG&A - $11.5 million of legal fees related to a legacy Rockwood legal matter noted above, $9.8 million of expenses primarily related to non-routine labor and compensation related costs that are outside normal compensation arrangements, a $4.0 million loss resulting from the sale of property, plant and equipment, $3.8 million of charges for environmental reserves at a sites not part of our operations and $3.2 million of facility closure costs related to offices in Germany, and severance expenses in Germany and Belgium. • Other income (expenses), net - $4.8 million of net expenses primarily related to asset retirement obligation charges to update of an estimate at a site formerly owned by Albemarle. December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Identifiable assets: Energy Storage (a) $ 13,246,412 $ 10,471,949 $ 7,272,029 Specialties 1,696,307 1,396,583 1,344,038 Ketjen 1,355,743 1,214,482 1,149,592 Total segment identifiable assets 16,298,462 13,083,014 9,765,659 Corporate 1,972,190 2,373,508 1,208,459 Total identifiable assets $ 18,270,652 $ 15,456,522 $ 10,974,118 (a) Increase in Energy Storage identifiable assets each year primarily due to capital expenditures for growth and capacity increases. Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Depreciation and amortization: Energy Storage $ 258,436 $ 175,738 $ 123,295 Specialties 86,673 67,705 66,658 Ketjen 76,023 51,417 51,588 Total segment depreciation and amortization 421,132 294,860 241,541 All Other — — 1,870 Corporate 8,812 5,981 10,589 Total depreciation and amortization $ 429,944 $ 300,841 $ 254,000 Capital expenditures: Energy Storage $ 1,752,440 $ 980,410 $ 791,645 Specialties 214,039 183,658 92,194 Ketjen 132,510 66,319 49,312 Total segment capital expenditures 2,098,989 1,230,387 933,151 All Other — — 2,339 Corporate 50,292 31,259 18,177 Total capital expenditures $ 2,149,281 $ 1,261,646 $ 953,667 Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Net Sales (a) : United States $ 930,838 $ 888,612 $ 730,738 Foreign (b) 8,686,365 6,431,492 2,597,219 Total $ 9,617,203 $ 7,320,104 $ 3,327,957 (a) Net sales are attributed to countries based upon shipments to final destination. (b) In 2023, net sales to South Korea, China and Japan represented 32%, 30% and 15%, respectively, of total net sales. In 2022, net sales to China, South Korea and Japan represented 33%, 22% and 15%, respectively, of total net sales. In 2021, net sales to China, Japan and South Korea represented 18%, 14% and 11%, respectively, of total net sales. During 2023 and 2022, one customer in the Energy Storage business represented more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated net sales. As of December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Long-Lived Assets (a) : United States $ 1,912,243 $ 1,371,347 $ 1,040,252 Australia 4,610,963 3,253,069 2,736,590 Chile 2,258,619 2,057,270 1,923,821 China 819,119 438,090 139,537 Jordan 292,870 267,612 262,392 Netherlands 186,963 167,264 177,405 Germany 91,979 77,845 80,956 France 56,876 52,894 49,740 Brazil 33,730 31,855 29,474 Other foreign countries 87,489 77,747 62,667 Total $ 10,350,851 $ 7,794,993 $ 6,502,834 (a) Long-lived assets are comprised of the Company’s Property, plant and equipment and joint ventures included in Investments.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Consolidation	Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Albemarle Corporation and our wholly owned, majority owned and controlled subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the terms “Albemarle,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “the Company” mean Albemarle Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. For entities that we control and are the primary beneficiary, but own less than 100%, we record the minority ownership as noncontrolling interest, except as noted below. We apply the equity method of accounting for investments in which we have an ownership interest from 20% to 50% or where we exercise significant influence over the related investee’s operations. In addition, the consolidated financial statements contained herein include our proportionate share of the results of operations of the MARBL Lithium Joint Venture (“MARBL”), which manages the exploration, development, mining, processing and production of lithium and other minerals from the Wodgina hard rock lithium mine project (“Wodgina”). As described in Note 10, “Investments,” the Company closed on the restructuring of the MARBL joint venture with Mineral Resources Limited (“MRL”) on October 18, 2023 to reduce our ownership interest in the MARBL joint venture to 50% from 60%. The consolidated financial statements reflect our ownership percentage of the MARBL joint venture during the periods presented. The joint venture is unincorporated with each investor holding an undivided interest in each asset and proportionately liable for each liability; therefore our proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses are included in the appropriate classifications in the consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Estimates, Assumptions and Reclassifications	Estimates, Assumptions and Reclassifications The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States (“U.S.”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services, and is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied under the terms of contracts with our customers. A performance obligation is deemed to be satisfied when control of the product or service is transferred to our customer. The transaction price of a contract, or the amount we expect to receive upon satisfaction of all performance obligations, is determined by reference to the contract’s terms and includes adjustments, if applicable, for any variable consideration, such as customer rebates, noncash consideration or consideration payable to the customer, although these adjustments are generally not material. Where a contract contains more than one distinct performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price of each performance obligation, although these situations are rare and are generally not built into our contracts. Any unsatisfied performance obligations are not material. Standalone selling prices are based on prices we charge to our customers, which in some cases are based on established market prices. Sales and other similar taxes collected from customers on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue. Our payment terms are generally between 30 to 90 days, however, they vary by market factors, such as customer size, creditworthiness, geography and competitive environment. All of our revenue is derived from contracts with customers, and almost all of our contracts with customers contain one performance obligation for the transfer of goods where such performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time. Control of a product is deemed to be transferred to the customer upon shipment or delivery. Significant portions of our sales are sold free on board shipping point or on an equivalent basis, while delivery terms of other transactions are based upon specific contractual arrangements. Our standard terms of delivery are generally included in our contracts of sale, order confirmation documents and invoices, while the timing between shipment and delivery generally ranges between 1 and 45 days. Costs for shipping and handling activities, whether performed before or after the customer obtains control of the goods, are accounted for as fulfillment costs. Such costs are immaterial. The Company currently utilizes the following practical expedients, as permitted by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers : • All sales and other pass-through taxes are excluded from contract value; • In utilizing the modified retrospective transition method, no adjustment was necessary for contracts that did not cross over the reporting year; • We will not consider the possibility of a contract having a significant financing component (which would effectively attribute a portion of the sales price to interest income) unless, if at contract inception, the expected payment terms (from time of delivery or other relevant criterion) are more than one year; • If our right to customer payment is directly related to the value of our completed performance, we recognize revenue consistent with the invoicing right; and • We expense as incurred all costs of obtaining a contract incremental to any costs/compensation attributable to individual product sales/shipments for contracts where the amortization period for such costs would otherwise be one year or less. Certain products we produce are made to our customer’s specifications where such products have limited alternative use or would need significant rework costs in order to be sold to another customer. In management’s judgment, control of these arrangements is transferred to the customer at a point in time (upon shipment or delivery) and not over the time they are produced. Therefore revenue is recognized upon shipment or delivery of these products. Costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers are not significant and are expensed immediately as the amortization period would be one year or less. When the Company incurs pre-production or other fulfillment costs in connection with an existing or specific anticipated contract and such costs are recoverable through margin or explicitly reimbursable, such costs are capitalized and amortized to Cost of goods sold on a systematic basis that is consistent with the pattern of transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates, which is less than one year. We record bad debt expense in specific situations when we determine the customer is unable to meet its financial obligation. Included in Trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022 is approximately $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, arising from contracts with customers. The remaining balance of Trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily includes value-added taxes collected from customers on behalf of various taxing authorities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and money market investments with insignificant interest rate risks and no limitations on access.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realizable value with cost determined primarily on the first-in, first-out basis. Cost is determined on the weighted-average basis for a small portion of our inventories at foreign plants and our stores, supplies and other inventory. A portion of our domestic produced finished goods and raw materials are determined on the last-in, first-out basis. The Company eliminates the balance of intra-entity profits on purchases of inventory from its equity method investments that remains unsold at the balance sheet in Inventories, specifically finished goods and equally reduces Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) on the consolidated statements of income. The intra-entity profit is recognized in Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) in the period that converted inventory is sold to a third-party customer. In the same period, the intra-entity profit is also recognized as higher Cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income.
Property, Plant and Equipment	Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment include costs of assets constructed, purchased or leased under a finance lease, related delivery and installation costs and interest incurred on significant capital projects during their construction periods. Expenditures for renewals and betterments also are capitalized, but expenditures for normal repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with yearly planned major maintenance are generally deferred and amortized over 12 months or until the same major maintenance activities must be repeated, whichever is shorter. The cost and accumulated depreciation applicable to assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and gains or losses thereon are included in income. We assign the useful lives of our property, plant and equipment based upon our internal engineering estimates, which are reviewed periodically. The estimated useful lives of our property, plant and equipment range from two We evaluate the recovery of our property, plant and equipment by comparing the net carrying value of the asset group to the undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated from the use and eventual disposition of that asset group when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable, the fair value of the asset group is measured and if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.
Leases	Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As an implicit rate for most of our leases is not determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease payments for the initial measurement of lease ROU assets and lease liabilities include fixed and variable payments based on an index or a rate. Variable lease payments that are not index or rate based are recorded as expenses when incurred. Our variable lease payments typically include real estate taxes, insurance costs and common-area maintenance. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made, net of lease incentives. The lease term is the non-cancelable period of the lease, including any options to extend, purchase or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We amortize the operating lease ROU assets on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease and the finance lease ROU assets on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the lease terms. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Additionally, we have made accounting policy elections such as exclusion of short-term leases (leases with a term of 12 months or less and which do not include a purchase option that we are reasonably certain to exercise) from the balance sheet presentation, use of portfolio approach in determination of discount rate and accounting for non-lease components in a contract as part of a single lease component for all asset classes, except specific mining operation equipment.
Resource Development Expenses	Resource Development Expenses We incur costs in resource exploration, evaluation and development during the different phases of our resource development projects. Exploration costs incurred before the declaration of proven and probable resources are generally expensed as incurred. After proven and probable resources are declared, exploration, evaluation and development costs necessary to bring the property to commercial capacity or increase the capacity or useful life are capitalized. Any costs to maintain the production capacity in a property under production are expensed as incurred. Capitalized resource costs are depleted using the units-of-production method. Our resource development assets are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Investments	Investments Investments are accounted for using the equity method of accounting if the investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if we have an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%, although other factors, such as representation on the investee’s board of directors and the impact of commercial arrangements, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, we record our investments in equity-method investees in the consolidated balance sheets as Investments and our share of investees’ earnings or losses together with other-than-temporary impairments in value as Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments in the consolidated statements of income. We evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. Certain investments in equity securities and mutual fund investments are accounted for as trading equities and are marked-to-market on a periodic basis through the consolidated statements of income. Investments in joint ventures and nonmarketable securities of immaterial entities are estimated based upon the overall performance of the entity where financial results are not available on a timely basis.
Environmental Compliance and Remediation	Environmental Compliance and Remediation Environmental compliance costs include the cost of purchasing and/or constructing assets to prevent, limit and/or control pollution or to monitor the environmental status at various locations. These costs are capitalized and depreciated based on estimated useful lives. Environmental compliance costs also include maintenance and operating costs with respect to pollution prevention and control facilities and other administrative costs. Such operating costs are expensed as incurred. Environmental remediation costs of facilities used in current operations are generally immaterial and are expensed as incurred. We accrue for environmental remediation costs and post-remediation costs that relate to existing conditions caused by past operations at facilities or off-plant disposal sites in the accounting period in which responsibility is established and when the related liability is considered probable and estimable. In developing these cost estimates, we evaluate currently available facts regarding each site, with consideration given to existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations, prior experience in remediation of contaminated sites, the financial capability of other potentially responsible parties and other factors, subject to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process. If the amount and timing of the cash payments for a site are fixed or reliably determinable, the liability is discounted, if the calculated discount is material. Additionally, these estimates are reviewed periodically, with adjustments to the accruals recorded as necessary.
Research and Development Expenses	Research and Development Expenses Our research and development expenses related to present and future products are expensed as incurred. These expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs and other overheads, as well as outside service and consulting costs incurred for specific programs. Our U.S. facilities in Texas and Louisiana and our global facilities in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium and Korea form the capability base for our contract research and custom manufacturing businesses. These business areas provide research and scale-up services primarily to innovative life science companies.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets We account for goodwill and other intangibles acquired in a business combination in conformity with current accounting guidance that requires that goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets not be amortized. We test goodwill for impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of our reporting units to the related carrying value. Our reporting units are either our operating business segments or one level below our operating business segments for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by the business management. In applying the goodwill impairment test, the Company initially performs a qualitative test (“Step 0”), where it first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units is less than its carrying value. Qualitative factors may include, but are not limited to, economic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance of the reporting units and other entity and reporting unit specific events. If after assessing these qualitative factors, the Company determines it is “more-likely-than-not” that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative test (“Step 1”). During Step 1, the Company estimates the fair value using a discounted cash flow model. Future cash flows for all reporting units include assumptions about revenue growth rates, adjusted EBITDA margins, discount rate as well as other economic or industry-related factors. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest and financing expense, income tax expenses, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted on a consistent basis for certain non-operating, non-recurring or unusual items in a balanced manner and on a segment basis. For the Refining Solutions reporting unit, the revenue growth rates, adjusted EBITDA margins and the discount rate were deemed to be significant assumptions. Significant management judgment is involved in estimating these variables and they include inherent uncertainties since they are forecasting future events. The Company uses a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (“WACC”) approach to determine our discount rate for goodwill recoverability testing. The WACC calculation incorporates industry-weighted average returns on debt and equity from a market perspective. The factors in this calculation are largely external to the Company and, therefore, are beyond its control. The Company performs a sensitivity analysis by using a range of inputs to confirm the reasonableness of these estimates being used in the goodwill impairment analysis. The Company tests its recorded goodwill for impairment in the fourth quarter of each year or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its reporting units below their carrying amounts. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2023. The performance catalyst solutions (“PCS”) reporting unit, within the Ketjen segment, has experienced declining earnings from a changing market. During this annual impairment test, it was determined that it is expected to experience a continued decline in its foreseeable forecast, resulting in a fair value based on the present value future cash flows that was lower than its current carrying value. As a result, the Company recorded a $6.8 million impairment loss, representing the full value of goodwill associated with the PCS reporting unit. No evidence of impairment was noted for the other reporting units from the analysis. However, if the adjusted EBITDA or discount rate estimates for the Refining Solutions reporting unit negatively changed by 10%, the Refining Solutions fair value would be below its carrying value. The Company assesses its indefinite-lived intangible assets, which include trade names and trademarks, for impairment annually and between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. The indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment standard allows the Company to first assess qualitative factors to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. Further testing is only required if we determine, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If we determine based on the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, an impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset to its carrying amount. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no evidence of impairment was noted from the analysis for the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets. Definite-lived intangible assets, such as purchased technology, patents and customer lists, are amortized over their estimated useful lives generally for periods ranging from five
Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits	Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits Under authoritative accounting standards, assumptions are made regarding the valuation of benefit obligations and the performance of plan assets. As required, we recognize a balance sheet asset or liability for each of our pension and other postretirement benefit (“OPEB”) plans equal to the plan’s funded status as of the measurement date. The primary assumptions are as follows: • Discount Rate—The discount rate is used in calculating the present value of benefits, which is based on projections of benefit payments to be made in the future. • Expected Return on Plan Assets—We project the future return on plan assets based on prior performance and future expectations for the types of investments held by the plans, as well as the expected long-term allocation of plan assets for these investments. These projected returns reduce the net benefit costs recorded currently. • Rate of Compensation Increase—For salary-related plans, we project employees’ annual pay increases, which are used to project employees’ pension benefits at retirement. • Mortality Assumptions—Assumptions about life expectancy of plan participants are used in the measurement of related plan obligations. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized annually in our consolidated statements of income in the fourth quarter and whenever a plan is determined to qualify for a remeasurement during a fiscal year. The remaining components of pension and OPEB plan expense, primarily service cost, interest cost and expected return on assets, are recorded on a monthly basis. The market-related value of assets equals the actual market value as of the date of measurement. During 2023, we made changes to assumptions related to discount rates and expected rates of return on plan assets. We consider available information that we deem relevant when selecting each of these assumptions. In selecting the discount rates for the U.S. plans, we consider expected benefit payments on a plan-by-plan basis. As a result, the Company uses different discount rates for each plan depending on the demographics of participants and the expected timing of benefit payments. For 2023, the discount rates were calculated using the results from a bond matching technique developed by Milliman, which matched the future estimated annual benefit payments of each respective plan against a portfolio of bonds of high quality to determine the discount rate. We believe our selected discount rates are determined using preferred methodology under authoritative accounting guidance and accurately reflect market conditions as of the December 31, 2023 measurement date. In selecting the discount rates for the foreign plans, we look at long-term yields on AA-rated corporate bonds when available. Our actuaries have developed yield curves based on the yields on the constituent bonds in the various indices as well as on other market indicators such as swap rates, particularly at the longer durations. For the Eurozone, we apply the Aon Hewitt yield curve to projected cash flows from the relevant plans to derive the discount rate. For the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), the discount rate is determined by applying the Aon Hewitt yield curve for typical schemes of similar duration to projected cash flows of Albemarle’s U.K. plan. In other countries where there is not a sufficiently deep market of high-quality corporate bonds, we set the discount rate by referencing the yield on government bonds of an appropriate duration. In estimating the expected return on plan assets, we consider past performance and future expectations for the types of investments held by the plan as well as the expected long-term allocation of plan assets to these investments. In projecting the rate of compensation increase, we consider past experience in light of movements in inflation rates. For the purpose of measuring our U.S. pension and OPEB obligations at December 31, 2023 and 2022, we used the Pri-2012 Mortality Tables along with the MP-2021 Mortality Improvement Scale, respectively, published by the SOA.
Stock-based Compensation Expense	Stock-based Compensation Expense The fair value of restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards and performance unit awards with a service condition are determined based on the number of shares or units granted and the quoted price of our common stock on the date of grant, and the fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of performance unit awards with a service condition and a market condition are estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of these awards is determined after giving effect to estimated forfeitures. Such value is recognized as expense over the service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity grant. To the extent restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance unit awards and stock options are forfeited prior to vesting in excess of the estimated forfeiture rate, the corresponding previously recognized expense is reversed as an offset to operating expenses.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We use the liability method for determining our income taxes, under which current and deferred tax liabilities and assets are recorded in accordance with enacted tax laws and rates. Under this method, the amounts of deferred tax liabilities and assets at the end of each period are determined using the tax rate expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not. The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet, along with any related valuation allowance. Tax effects are released from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income using either the specific identification approach or the portfolio approach based on the nature of the underlying item. Deferred income taxes are provided for the estimated income tax effect of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are also provided for operating losses, capital losses and certain tax credit carryovers. A valuation allowance, reducing deferred tax assets, is established when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of such deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient future taxable income of the appropriate character. Although realization is not assured, we do not establish a valuation allowance when we believe it is more likely than not that a net deferred tax asset will be realized. The Company elected to not consider the estimated impact of potential future Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax liabilities for purposes of assessing valuation allowances on its deferred tax balances. We only recognize a tax benefit after concluding that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained upon audit by the respective taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. Once the recognition threshold is met, we recognize a tax benefit measured as the largest amount of the tax benefit that, in our judgment, is greater than 50% likely to be realized. Under current accounting guidance for uncertain tax positions, interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities are included in Income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income. We have designated the undistributed earnings of a portion of our foreign operations as indefinitely reinvested and as a result we do not provide for deferred income taxes on the unremitted earnings of these subsidiaries. Our foreign earnings are computed under U.S. federal tax earnings and profits, or E&P, principles. In general, to the extent our financial reporting book basis over tax basis of a foreign subsidiary exceeds these E&P amounts, deferred taxes have not been provided as they are essentially permanent in duration. The determination of the amount of such unrecognized deferred tax liability is not practicable. We provide for deferred income taxes on our undistributed earnings of foreign operations that are not deemed to be indefinitely invested. We will continue to evaluate our permanent investment assertion taking into consideration all relevant and current tax laws.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss comprises principally foreign currency translation adjustments, gains or losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges designated as effective hedging instruments, amounts related to the revaluation of our euro-denominated senior notes which were designated as a hedge of our net investment in foreign operations in 2014, a realized loss on a forward starting interest rate swap entered into in 2014 which was designated as a cash flow hedge, and deferred income taxes related to the aforementioned items.
Foreign Currency Translation	Foreign Currency Translation The assets and liabilities of all foreign subsidiaries were prepared in their respective functional currencies and translated into U.S. Dollars based on the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet dates, while income and expenses were translated at average exchange rates for the periods presented. Translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of equity.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments We manage our foreign currency exposures by balancing certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and through the use of foreign currency forward contracts from time to time, which generally expire within one year. The principal objective of such contracts is to minimize the financial impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. While these contracts are subject to fluctuations in value, such fluctuations are generally expected to be offset by changes in the value of the underlying foreign currency exposures being hedged. Gains or losses under foreign currency forward contracts that have been designated as an effective hedging instrument under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging will be recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss beginning on the date of designation. All other gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts not designated as an effective hedging instrument are recognized currently in Other income (expenses), net, and generally do not have a significant impact on results of operations. We may also enter into interest rate swaps, collars or similar instruments from time to time, with the objective of reducing interest rate volatility relating to our borrowing costs. The counterparties to these contractual agreements are major financial institutions with which we generally have other financial relationships. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties. We do not utilize financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we entered into a foreign currency forward contract to hedge the cash flow exposure of non-functional currency purchases during the construction of the Kemerton plant in Australia and designated it as an effective hedging instrument under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging . All other foreign currency forward contracts outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022 have not been designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging .
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance that provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The guidance applies only to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued additional accounting guidance which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The guidance under both FASB issuances was originally effective March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. However, in December 2022, the FASB issued an update to defer the sunset date of this guidance to December 31, 2024. The Company currently does not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued guidance on how to recognize and measure acquired contract assets and liabilities from revenue contracts in a business combination, which requires the acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers as if it had originated the contracts. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those annual periods. This guidance does not currently, nor is it expected to, have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2022, the FASB issued accounting guidance that expands the Company’s abilities to hedge the benchmark interest rate risk of portfolios of financial assets or beneficial interests in a fair value hedge. This guidance expands the use of the portfolio layer method to allow multiple hedges of a single closed portfolio of assets using spot starting, forward starting, and amortizing-notional swaps. This also permits both prepayable and non-prepayable financial assets to be included in the closed portfolio of assets hedged in a portfolio layer hedge. In addition, this guidance requires that basis adjustments not be allocated to individual assets for active portfolio layer method hedges, but rather be maintained on the closed portfolio of assets as a whole. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those annual periods. This guidance does not currently, nor is it expected to, have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2023, the FASB issued guidance requiring the Company to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control leases over the asset’s useful life to the common control group regardless of the lease term. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those annual periods. The Company currently does not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2023, the FASB issued guidance which will require a joint venture to recognize and initially measure its assets, including goodwill, and liabilities using a new basis of accounting upon formation. Initial measurement of a joint venture’s total net assets will be equal to the fair value of one hundred percent of the joint venture’s equity. In addition, a joint venture will be permitted to apply the measurement period guidance of ASC 805-10 if the initial accounting for the joint venture formation is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the formation occurs. This guidance is effective prospectively for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. The Company currently does not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued guidance to update qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. The Company currently does not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statement disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance to require qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, in order to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its financial statement disclosures.

Supplemental Cash Flow Inform_2

Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Supplemental Information Related to Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	Supplemental information related to the consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cash paid during the year for: Income taxes (net of refunds of $31,386, $11,564 and $32,677 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively) $ 319,391 $ 248,143 $ 130,840 Interest (net of capitalization) $ 101,978 $ 92,095 $ 27,734 Supplemental non-cash disclosures related to investing and financing activities: Capital expenditures included in Accounts payable $ 494,029 $ 296,294 $ 165,677 Promissory note issued for capital expenditures (a) $ — $ 10,876 $ — Non-cash proceeds from divestitures (b) $ — $ — $ 244,530 (a) During the first quarter of 2022, the Company issued a promissory note with a present value of $10.9 million for land purchased in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. The promissory note is payable in equal annual installments from the years 2027 to 2048. (b) Fair value of preferred equity of a Grace subsidiary received as part of proceeds for the sale of our FCS business. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for further details.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Earnings Per Share (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share	Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Basic earnings per share Numerator: Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation $ 1,573,476 $ 2,689,816 $ 123,672 Denominator: Weighted-average common shares for basic earnings per share 117,317 117,120 115,841 Basic earnings per share $ 13.41 $ 22.97 $ 1.07 Diluted earnings per share Numerator: Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation $ 1,573,476 $ 2,689,816 $ 123,672 Denominator: Weighted-average common shares for basic earnings per share 117,317 117,120 115,841 Incremental shares under stock compensation plans 449 673 695 Weighted-average common shares for diluted earnings per share 117,766 117,793 116,536 Diluted earnings per share $ 13.36 $ 22.84 $ 1.06

Other Accounts Receivable (Tabl

Other Accounts Receivable (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Other Accounts Receivable (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]
Other Accounts Receivable	Other accounts receivable consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Value added tax/consumption tax $ 474,280 $ 141,856 Other 34,817 43,963 Total $ 509,097 $ 185,819

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Inventories (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Breakdown of Inventories	The following table provides a breakdown of inventories at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Finished goods $ 1,624,893 $ 1,679,473 Raw materials and work in process (a) 401,050 296,998 Stores, supplies and other 135,344 99,560 Total (b) $ 2,161,287 $ 2,076,031 (a) Included $213.4 million and $133.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of work in process in our Energy Storage segment. (b) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $604.1 million charge in Cost of goods sold to reduce the value of certain spodumene and finished goods to their net realizable value following the decline in lithium market pricing at the end of the year.

Other Current Assets (Tables)

Other Current Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Other Current Assets (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Assets [Abstract]
Other Current Assets	Other current assets consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Income tax receivables $ 112,953 $ 71,795 Prepaid taxes 207,894 97,682 Other prepaid expenses 116,033 58,754 Other 6,595 6,724 Total $ 443,475 $ 234,955

Property, Plant and Equipment (

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment, at Cost	Property, plant and equipment, at cost, consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Useful December 31, 2023 2022 Land — $ 297,435 $ 172,464 Land improvements 10 – 30 316,544 201,284 Buildings and improvements 10 – 50 699,045 492,509 Machinery and equipment (a) 2 – 45 6,173,463 4,446,315 Mineral rights and reserves 7 – 60 1,689,013 1,795,668 Construction in progress — 3,058,257 2,246,090 Total $ 12,233,757 $ 9,354,330 (a) Consists primarily of (1) short-lived production equipment components, office and building equipment and other equipment with estimated lives ranging 2 – 7 years, (2) production process equipment (intermediate components) with estimated lives ranging 8 – 19 years, (3) production process equipment (major unit components) with estimated lives ranging 20 – 29 years, and (4) production process equipment (infrastructure and other) with estimated lives ranging 30 – 45 years.

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Investments (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments [Abstract]
Investment Balances	The following table details the Company’s investment balances at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Joint ventures $ 855,131 $ 832,119 Available for sale debt securities 289,307 260,139 Nonmarketable securities 18,389 18,760 Marketable equity securities 207,028 39,535 Total $ 1,369,855 $ 1,150,553
Ownership Positions in Significant Unconsolidated Investments	The Company’s ownership positions in significant unconsolidated investments are shown below: December 31, 2023 2022 2021 * Windfield Holdings Pty. Ltd. (“Windfield”) - a joint venture with Sichuan Tianqi Lithium Industries, Inc., that mines lithium ore and produces lithium concentrate 49 % 49 % 49 % * Nippon Aluminum Alkyls - a joint venture with Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. that produces aluminum alkyls 50 % 50 % 50 % * Nippon Ketjen Company Limited - a joint venture with Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited that produces refinery catalysts 50 % 50 % 50 % * Eurecat S.A. - a joint venture with Axens Group for refinery catalysts regeneration services 50 % 50 % 50 % * Fábrica Carioca de Catalisadores S.A. - a joint venture with Petrobras Quimica S.A. - PETROQUISA that produces catalysts and includes catalysts research and product development activities 50 % 50 % 50 %
Income of Unconsolidated Investments	The following table details the Company’s equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Windfield $ 1,833,589 $ 750,378 $ 75,206 Other joint ventures 20,493 21,897 20,564 Total $ 1,854,082 $ 772,275 $ 95,770
Summary of Assets, Liabilities and Results of Operations for Significant Unconsolidated Joint Ventures	The following summary lists the assets, liabilities and results of operations for the Company’s significant unconsolidated joint ventures presented herein (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Summary of Balance Sheet Information: Current assets $ 1,424,059 $ 1,927,791 Noncurrent assets 2,321,261 1,659,692 Total assets $ 3,745,320 $ 3,587,483 Current liabilities $ 773,931 $ 770,211 Noncurrent liabilities 1,267,271 1,175,773 Total liabilities $ 2,041,202 $ 1,945,984 Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Summary of Statements of Income Information: Net sales $ 7,019,117 $ 4,290,223 $ 827,848 Gross profit $ 6,373,472 $ 3,765,304 $ 443,129 Income before income taxes $ 5,988,737 $ 3,301,875 $ 269,788 Net income $ 4,224,961 $ 2,314,094 $ 187,084

Other Assets (Tables)

Other Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Other Assets (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Other Assets	Other assets consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Deferred income taxes (a) $ 22,433 $ 46,434 Assets related to unrecognized tax benefits (a) 73,009 32,421 Operating leases (b) 137,405 128,173 Other 64,240 43,530 Total $ 297,087 $ 250,558 (a) See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 21, “Income Taxes.” (b) See Note 18, “Leases.”

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill and Other Intangibles (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Goodwill and Other Intangibles (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Changes in Goodwill	The following table summarizes the changes in goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Energy Storage Specialties Ketjen Total Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 1,394,182 $ 20,319 $ 183,126 $ 1,597,627 Acquisitions (a) 76,105 — — 76,105 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (46,012) — (10,093) (56,105) Balance at December 31, 2022 1,424,275 20,319 173,033 1,617,627 Change in ownership interest (b) (6,058) — — (6,058) Segment realignment (c) (12,316) 12,316 — — Impairment loss (d) — — (6,765) (6,765) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 18,583 4 6,338 24,925 Balance at December 31, 2023 (e) $ 1,424,484 $ 32,639 $ 172,606 $ 1,629,729 (a) Represents purchase price adjustments for the Qinzhou acquisition. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for additional information. (b) Represents the reduction of goodwill associated with the proportionately consolidated MARBL joint venture. On October 18, 2023, we completed the restructuring the MARBL joint venture, which reduced the Company’s ownership percentage from 60% to 50%. See Note 10, “Investments,” for further details. (c) Effective January 1, 2023, the Company realigned its Lithium and Bromine reportable segments into the Energy Storage and Specialties reportable segments. See Note 25, “Segment and Geographic Area Information,” for additional details. As a result, the Company transferred goodwill from its legacy Lithium segment to the new Specialties reportable segment during the year ended December 31, 2023. (d) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment loss for the remaining balance of its goodwill associated with its PCS business within the Ketjen segment. See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” for further details. (e) Balance at December 31, 2023 includes an accumulated impairment loss of $6.8 million in Ketjen. As a result, the balance of Ketjen as of December 31, 2023 fully consists of goodwill related to the Refining Solutions reporting unit.
Other Intangibles	Other intangibles consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Customer Lists and Relationships Trade Names and Trademarks (b) Patents and Technology Other Total Gross Asset Value Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 428,379 $ 17,883 $ 57,313 $ 36,705 $ 540,280 Acquisitions (a) 6,000 — 8,300 2,030 16,330 Retirements — (4,253) (16,206) (5,844) (26,303) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (21,709) (469) (3,008) 2,295 (22,891) Balance at December 31, 2022 412,670 13,161 46,399 35,186 507,416 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 5,133 244 (112) (537) 4,728 Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 417,803 $ 13,405 $ 46,287 $ 34,649 $ 512,144 Accumulated Amortization Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (163,283) $ (7,983) $ (39,796) $ (20,271) $ (231,333) Amortization (22,144) — (1,649) (914) (24,707) Retirements — 4,253 16,206 5,844 26,303 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 7,800 143 1,449 799 10,191 Balance at December 31, 2022 (177,627) (3,587) (23,790) (14,542) (219,546) Amortization (24,510) — (2,563) (953) (28,026) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (2,344) (86) (405) 121 (2,714) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (204,481) $ (3,673) $ (26,758) $ (15,374) $ (250,286) Net Book Value at December 31, 2022 $ 235,043 $ 9,574 $ 22,609 $ 20,644 $ 287,870 Net Book Value at December 31, 2023 $ 213,322 $ 9,732 $ 19,529 $ 19,275 $ 261,858 (a) Represents purchase price adjustments for the Qinzhou acquisition. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for additional information. (b) Net Book Value includes only indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Total Estimated Amortization Expense of Other Intangibles for Next Five Fiscal Years	Total estimated amortization expense of other intangibles for the next five fiscal years is as follows (in thousands): Estimated Amortization Expense 2024 $ 29,583 2025 $ 29,046 2026 $ 28,525 2027 $ 28,024 2028 $ 27,534

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

Accrued Expenses (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Accrued Expenses (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Expenses	Accrued expenses consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Employee benefits, payroll and related taxes $ 168,361 $ 145,885 Dividend payable to noncontrolling interest — 53,168 Other (a) 376,474 306,841 Total $ 544,835 $ 505,894 (a) Other accrued expenses represent balances such as operating lease liabilities, environmental reserves, asset retirement obligations, pension obligations, interest, utilities, other taxes, among other liabilities, expected to be paid within the next 12 months. No individual component exceeds 5% of total current liabilities.

Long-Term Debt (Tables)

Long-Term Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Long-Term Debt (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-Term Debt	Long-term debt consisted of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 1.125% notes due 2025 $ 416,501 $ 401,265 1.625% notes due 2028 552,200 532,000 3.45% Senior notes due 2029 171,612 171,612 4.65% Senior notes due 2027 650,000 650,000 5.05% Senior notes due 2032 600,000 600,000 5.45% Senior notes due 2044 350,000 350,000 5.65% Senior notes due 2052 450,000 450,000 Commercial paper notes 620,000 — Interest-free loan 300,000 — Variable-rate foreign bank loans 30,197 2,997 Finance lease obligations 110,245 76,537 Other 22,000 11,378 Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (105,992) (28,689) Total long-term debt 4,166,763 3,217,100 Less amounts due within one year 625,761 2,128 Long-term debt, less current portion $ 3,541,002 $ 3,214,972

Pension Plans and Other Postr_2

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan	The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status, as well as a summary of significant assumptions, for our defined benefit pension plans (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Change in benefit obligations: Benefit obligation at January 1 $ 514,971 $ 180,561 $ 680,696 $ 255,234 Service cost 499 5,686 904 3,700 Interest cost 26,924 7,153 18,827 3,363 Actuarial gain 11,957 10,078 (144,288) (49,380) Benefits paid (41,449) (9,051) (41,168) (11,049) Employee contributions — 60 — 64 Foreign exchange loss (gain) — 7,137 — (18,562) Settlements/curtailments — (5,606) — (1,028) Other — (100) — (1,781) Benefit obligation at December 31 $ 512,902 $ 195,918 $ 514,971 $ 180,561 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at January 1 $ 469,828 $ 58,229 $ 605,991 $ 94,256 Actual return on plan assets 54,785 4,395 (95,925) (29,694) Employer contributions 967 14,496 930 12,451 Benefits paid (41,449) (9,051) (41,168) (11,049) Employee contributions — 60 — 64 Foreign exchange gain (loss) — 3,091 — (9,004) Settlements/curtailments — (5,606) — (1,028) Other — (100) — 2,233 Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $ 484,131 $ 65,514 $ 469,828 $ 58,229 Funded status at December 31 $ (28,771) $ (130,404) $ (45,143) $ (122,332) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets: Current liabilities (accrued expenses) $ (912) $ (7,951) $ (947) $ (6,957) Noncurrent liabilities (pension benefits) (27,859) (122,453) (44,196) (115,375) Net pension liability $ (28,771) $ (130,404) $ (45,143) $ (122,332) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income: Prior service benefit $ — $ (531) $ — $ (615) Net amount recognized $ — $ (531) $ — $ (615) Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31: Discount rate 5.21 % 3.73 % 5.46 % 4.04 % Rate of compensation increase — % 3.67 % — % 3.67 % The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status, as well as a summary of significant assumptions, for our postretirement benefit plans (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Change in benefit obligations: Benefit obligation at January 1 $ 35,990 $ 47,493 Service cost 47 85 Interest cost 1,873 1,307 Actuarial gain (6,618) (10,164) Benefits paid (2,403) (2,731) Benefit obligation at December 31 $ 28,889 $ 35,990 Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at January 1 $ — $ — Employer contributions 2,403 2,731 Benefits paid (2,403) (2,731) Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $ — $ — Funded status at December 31 $ (28,889) $ (35,990) December 31, 2023 2022 Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets: Current liabilities (accrued expenses) $ (2,642) $ (3,239) Noncurrent liabilities (postretirement benefits) (26,247) (32,751) Net postretirement liability $ (28,889) $ (35,990) Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31: Discount rate 5.21 % 5.45 % Rate of compensation increase — % — %
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs	The components of pension benefits cost (credit) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Service cost $ 499 $ 5,686 $ 904 $ 3,700 $ 869 $ 3,697 Interest cost 26,924 7,153 18,827 3,363 18,005 2,427 Expected return on assets (30,875) (2,872) (40,288) (3,252) (39,972) (3,593) Actuarial (gain) loss (11,951) 8,593 (8,008) (18,818) (34,857) (19,494) Amortization of prior service benefit — 81 — 89 — 115 Total net pension benefits (credit) cost $ (15,403) $ 18,641 $ (28,565) $ (14,918) $ (55,955) $ (16,848) Weighted-average assumption percentages: Discount rate 5.46 % 4.04 % 2.86 % 1.44 % 2.50 % 0.86 % Expected return on plan assets 6.88 % 4.86 % 6.89 % 3.85 % 6.88 % 3.98 % Rate of compensation increase — % 3.67 % — % 3.12 % — % 3.26 % The components of postretirement benefits cost (credit) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Service cost $ 47 $ 85 $ 123 Interest cost 1,873 1,307 1,238 Actuarial gain (6,816) (10,163) (2,568) Total net postretirement benefits credit $ (4,896) $ (8,771) $ (1,207) Weighted-average assumption percentages: Discount rate 5.45 % 2.85 % 2.49 % Rate of compensation increase — % — % 3.50 %
Schedule of Assumptions Used	The components of pension benefits cost (credit) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Service cost $ 499 $ 5,686 $ 904 $ 3,700 $ 869 $ 3,697 Interest cost 26,924 7,153 18,827 3,363 18,005 2,427 Expected return on assets (30,875) (2,872) (40,288) (3,252) (39,972) (3,593) Actuarial (gain) loss (11,951) 8,593 (8,008) (18,818) (34,857) (19,494) Amortization of prior service benefit — 81 — 89 — 115 Total net pension benefits (credit) cost $ (15,403) $ 18,641 $ (28,565) $ (14,918) $ (55,955) $ (16,848) Weighted-average assumption percentages: Discount rate 5.46 % 4.04 % 2.86 % 1.44 % 2.50 % 0.86 % Expected return on plan assets 6.88 % 4.86 % 6.89 % 3.85 % 6.88 % 3.98 % Rate of compensation increase — % 3.67 % — % 3.12 % — % 3.26 % The components of postretirement benefits cost (credit) are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits Service cost $ 47 $ 85 $ 123 Interest cost 1,873 1,307 1,238 Actuarial gain (6,816) (10,163) (2,568) Total net postretirement benefits credit $ (4,896) $ (8,771) $ (1,207) Weighted-average assumption percentages: Discount rate 5.45 % 2.85 % 2.49 % Rate of compensation increase — % — % 3.50 %
Financial Assets Accounted for at Fair Value on Recurring Basis	The following tables set forth the assets of our pension and postretirement plans that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Pension Assets: Domestic Equity (a) $ 58,906 $ 58,906 $ — $ — International Equity (b) 106,491 99,432 7,059 — Fixed Income (c) 294,140 257,299 36,841 — Absolute Return Measured at Net Asset Value (d) 80,542 — — — Cash 9,566 9,566 — — Total Pension Assets $ 549,645 $ 425,203 $ 43,900 $ — December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Pension Assets: Domestic Equity (a) $ 98,080 $ 97,984 $ 96 $ — International Equity (b) 88,002 79,815 8,187 — Fixed Income (c) 269,352 235,184 34,168 — Absolute Return Measured at Net Asset Value (d) 68,725 — — — Cash 3,898 3,898 — — Total Pension Assets $ 528,057 $ 416,881 $ 42,451 $ — (a) Consists primarily of U.S. stock funds that track or are actively managed and measured against the S&P 500 index. (b) Consists primarily of international equity funds that invest in common stocks and other securities whose value is based on an international equity index or an underlying equity security or basket of equity securities. (c) Consists primarily of debt obligations issued by governments, corporations, municipalities and other borrowers. Also includes insurance policies. (d)
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets	The weighted-average target allocations as of the measurement date are as follows: Target Allocation Equity securities 38 % Fixed income 53 % Absolute return 9 %
Current Forecast of Benefit Payments, which Reflect Expected Future Service	The current forecast of benefit payments, which reflects expected future service, amounts to (in thousands): U.S. Pension Plans Foreign Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefits 2024 $ 43,432 $ 13,476 $ 2,446 2025 $ 43,600 $ 11,493 $ 2,425 2026 $ 43,399 $ 11,753 $ 2,400 2027 $ 42,985 $ 12,322 $ 2,368 2028 $ 42,350 $ 12,716 $ 2,330 2029-2033 $ 197,112 $ 66,160 $ 10,884

Other Noncurrent Liabilities (T

Other Noncurrent Liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Other Noncurrent Liabilities (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	Other noncurrent liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Transition tax on foreign earnings (a) $ 127,339 $ 191,708 Operating leases (b) 113,681 99,269 Liabilities related to uncertain tax positions (c) 220,555 83,670 Executive deferred compensation plan obligation 33,564 27,270 Environmental liabilities (d) 23,224 31,272 Asset retirement obligations (d) 88,703 79,522 Tax indemnification liability (e) 14,481 66,137 Deferred revenue 78,027 — Other (f) 69,526 57,748 Total $ 769,100 $ 636,596 (a) Noncurrent portion of one-time transition tax on foreign earnings. See Note 21, “Income Taxes,” for additional information. (b) See Note 18, “Leases.” (c) See Note 21, “Income Taxes.” (d) See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies.” (e) Indemnification of certain income and non-income tax liabilities, primarily associated with the Chemetall Surface Treatment entities sold in 2017. (f) No individual component exceeds 5% of total liabilities.

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Activity in Recorded Environmental Liabilities Activity	We had the following activity in our recorded environmental liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance, beginning of year $ 38,245 $ 46,617 $ 45,771 Expenditures (3,393) (10,378) (2,752) Accretion of discount 1,094 1,031 960 Additions, liability releases and changes in estimates, net (2,541) 673 4,063 Foreign currency translation adjustments and other 744 302 (1,425) Balance, end of year 34,149 38,245 46,617 Less amounts reported in Accrued expenses 10,925 6,973 9,077 Amounts reported in Other noncurrent liabilities $ 23,224 $ 31,272 $ 37,540
Schedule of Change in Asset Retirement Obligation	The following is a reconciliation of our beginning and ending asset retirement obligation balances for 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of year $ 80,101 $ 79,213 Additions and changes in estimates 11,288 2,919 Accretion of discount 2,421 1,996 Liabilities settled (3,044) (4,266) Foreign currency translation adjustments and other (1,607) 239 Balance, end of year $ 89,159 $ 80,101 Less amounts reported in Accrued expenses 456 579 Amounts reported in Other noncurrent liabilities $ 88,703 $ 79,522
Letters of Credit and Guarantee Agreements	The following table summarizes our letters of credit and guarantee agreements (in thousands): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Letters of credit and other guarantees $ 193,648 $ 13,375 $ 2,454 $ 868 $ 717 $ 6,088

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Leases (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Lease, Cost	The following table provides details of our lease contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 48,238 $ 43,809 $ 42,338 Finance lease cost: Amortization of right of use assets 5,302 3,377 614 Interest on lease liabilities 5,070 3,504 3,010 Total finance lease cost 10,372 6,881 3,624 Short-term lease cost 20,309 13,985 11,084 Variable lease cost 25,075 8,064 8,002 Total lease cost $ 103,994 $ 72,739 $ 65,048 Supplemental cash flow information related to our lease contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2020 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 49,261 $ 36,629 $ 33,030 Operating cash flows from finance leases 4,671 3,389 1,776 Financing cash flows from finance leases 2,165 1,432 687 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases 48,655 15,913 56,814 Finance leases 46,773 3,976 17,096
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information related	Supplemental balance sheet information related to our lease contracts, including the location on balance sheet, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in thousands, except as noted): December 31, 2023 2022 Operating leases: Other assets $ 137,405 $ 128,173 Accrued expenses 30,583 35,515 Other noncurrent liabilities 113,681 99,269 Total operating lease liabilities 144,264 134,784 Finance leases: Net property, plant and equipment 112,438 81,356 Current portion of long-term debt (a) 9,702 4,995 Long-term debt 104,484 74,409 Total finance lease liabilities 114,186 79,404 Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): Operating leases 12.2 13.3 Finance leases 20.7 22.8 Weighted average discount rate (%): Operating leases 4.74 % 3.60 % Finance leases 4.71 % 4.41 % (a) Balance includes accrued interest of finance lease.
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity	Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Operating Leases Finance Leases 2024 $ 33,646 $ 12,386 2025 28,980 9,229 2026 20,667 8,566 2027 15,664 8,566 2028 11,102 8,566 Thereafter 107,058 128,547 Total lease payments 217,117 175,860 Less imputed interest 72,853 61,674 Total $ 144,264 $ 114,186
Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity	Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Operating Leases Finance Leases 2024 $ 33,646 $ 12,386 2025 28,980 9,229 2026 20,667 8,566 2027 15,664 8,566 2028 11,102 8,566 Thereafter 107,058 128,547 Total lease payments 217,117 175,860 Less imputed interest 72,853 61,674 Total $ 144,264 $ 114,186

Stock-based Compensation Expe_2

Stock-based Compensation Expense (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Stock-based Compensation Expense (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]
Fixed-Price Stock Options	The following table summarizes information about the Company’s fixed-price stock options as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023: Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at December 31, 2022 384,936 $ 114.24 6.3 $ 39,501 Granted 51,316 249.52 Exercised (3,124) 59.41 Forfeited (5,984) 207.12 Outstanding at December 31, 2023 427,144 $ 129.59 5.8 $ 14,891 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 314,745 $ 102.14 4.9 $ 14,891
Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Estimate Fair Value of Each Option Granted	The fair value of each option granted during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Dividend yield 1.26 % 1.32 % 1.43 % Volatility 40.06 % 36.21 % 36.19 % Average expected life (years) 6 6 6 Risk-free interest rate 3.95 % 1.97 % 1.44 % Fair value of options granted $ 98.66 $ 63.00 $ 49.42 Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Volatility 50.41 % 51.51 % 47.13 % Risk-free interest rate 4.51 % 1.72 % 0.27 %
Activity in Performance Unit Awards	The following table summarizes activity in performance unit awards as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023: Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Nonvested, beginning of period 224,548 $ 140.44 Granted 79,396 288.28 Vested (73,060) 102.29 Forfeited (7,028) 229.70 Nonvested, end of period 223,856 207.61
Activity in Non-Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards	The following table summarizes activity in non-performance based restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023: Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share Nonvested, beginning of period 300,953 $ 120.09 Granted 87,240 221.86 Vested (183,258) 86.15 Forfeited (6,788) 196.00 Nonvested, end of period 198,147 190.40

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_2

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Components and Activity in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Deferred Income Taxes	The components and activity in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (net of deferred income taxes) consisted of the following during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Foreign Net Investment Hedge (a) Cash Flow Hedge (b) Interest Rate Swap (c) Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ (369,152) $ 46,593 $ 6,449 $ (10,022) $ (326,132) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (74,478) 5,110 174 — (69,194) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 93 — — 2,623 2,716 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (74,385) 5,110 174 2,623 (66,478) Amounts reclassified within accumulated other comprehensive income 51,703 (51,703) — — — Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 160 — — — 160 Balance at December 31, 2021 $ (391,674) $ — $ 6,623 $ (7,399) $ (392,450) Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (171,367) — (4,399) — (175,766) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 72 — — 7,399 7,471 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (171,295) — (4,399) 7,399 (168,295) Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 83 — — — 83 Balance at December 31, 2022 $ (562,886) $ — $ 2,224 $ — $ (560,662) Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 26,337 — 5,986 — 32,323 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss 66 — (135) — (69) Other comprehensive income, net of tax 26,403 — 5,851 — 32,254 Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (118) — — — (118) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ (536,601) $ — $ 8,075 $ — $ (528,526) (a) During the first quarter of 2021, the net investment hedge was discontinued following the repayment of the 1.875% Euro-denominated senior notes. The balance of foreign exchange revaluation gains and losses associated with this discontinued net investment hedge have been reclassified to Foreign currency translation and other, and will remain within Accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged net investment is sold or liquidated. (b) We entered into a foreign currency forward contract in the fourth quarter of 2019, which was designated and accounted for as a cash flow hedge under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging . See Note 22, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for additional information. (c)
Amount of Income Tax (Expense) Benefit Allocated to Component of Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	The amount of income tax benefit (expense) allocated to each component of Other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is provided in the following tables (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation and Other Net Investment Hedge Cash Flow Hedge Interest Rate Swap Total 2023 Other comprehensive income, before tax $ 23,964 $ — $ 8,358 $ — $ 32,322 Income tax expense 2,439 — (2,507) — (68) Other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 26,403 $ — $ 5,851 $ — $ 32,254 2022 Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax $ (168,953) $ — $ (4,399) $ 9,739 $ (163,613) Income tax expense (2,342) — — (2,340) (4,682) Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax $ (171,295) $ — $ (4,399) $ 7,399 $ (168,295) 2021 Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax $ (76,544) $ 6,552 $ 174 $ 3,336 $ (66,482) Income tax benefit (expense) 2,159 (1,442) — (713) 4 Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax $ (74,385) $ 5,110 $ 174 $ 2,623 $ (66,478)

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Components of Income Tax Expense Benefit	Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments, and current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) are composed of the following (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments: Domestic $ (461,897) $ 952,799 $ (186,077) Foreign 708,635 1,480,645 319,695 Total $ 246,738 $ 2,433,444 $ 133,618 Current income tax expense (benefit): Federal $ (54,250) $ 33,230 $ 11,722 State (3,395) 4,965 694 Foreign 387,045 259,054 55,530 Total $ 329,400 $ 297,249 $ 67,946 Deferred income tax expense (benefit): Federal $ (8,545) $ 84,054 $ (38,413) State (4,154) (3,511) (5,544) Foreign 113,576 12,796 5,457 Total $ 100,877 $ 93,339 $ (38,500) Total income tax expense $ 430,277 $ 390,588 $ 29,446
Significant Differences Between United States Federal Statutory Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate	The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows: % of Income Before Income Taxes 2023 2022 2021 Federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State taxes, net of federal tax benefit (2.8) — (3.5) Change in valuation allowance (a) 98.8 (3.9) 33.7 Impact of foreign earnings, net (b)(c) 7.7 (0.1) (40.5) Global intangible low tax inclusion 4.2 0.3 12.3 Foreign-derived intangible income — (3.0) — Section 162(m) limitation 4.4 0.3 4.5 Subpart F income (1.9) 0.2 4.8 Stock-based compensation (3.9) (0.3) (7.2) Depletion (2.4) (0.2) (2.9) U.S. federal return to provision (6.1) (0.4) (1.7) Revaluation of unrecognized tax benefits/reserve requirements (d) 39.1 2.3 3.0 Legal accrual (e) 18.6 — — Other items, net (2.3) (0.1) (1.5) Effective income tax rate 174.4 % 16.1 % 22.0 % (a) Due to the Company being in a three-year cumulative loss position in China as of December 31, 2023, the year ended December 31, 2023 includes the establishment of a valuation allowance of $223.0 million on current year losses in one of our Chinese entities. The years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 include benefits of $91.8 million and $6.0 million, respectively, due to the release of a foreign valuation allowance due to changes in expected profitability. (b) The year ended December 31, 2021 includes a discrete tax benefit of $27.9 million related to the revision of an indemnification estimate for an ongoing tax-related matter in Germany. (c) Our statutory rate is decreased by our share of the income of JBC, a Free Zones company under the laws of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The applicable provisions of the Jordanian law, and applicable regulations thereunder, do not have a termination provision and the exemption is indefinite. As a Free Zones company, JBC is not subject to income taxes on the profits of products exported from Jordan, and currently, substantially all of the profits are from exports. This resulted in a rate benefit of 20.1%, 3.2%, and 34.6% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. (d) The year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $96.5 million expense recorded for a current year tax reserve related to an uncertain tax position in Chile. (e) The year ended December 31, 2023 includes the tax impact of a non-deductible $218.5 million legal accrual recorded for the agreements to resolve a previously disclosed legal matter with the DOJ and SEC during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for further details on this matter.
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities Recorded on Consolidated Balance Sheets	Deferred income tax assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Accrued employee benefits $ 31,917 $ 20,060 Operating loss carryovers 1,316,916 1,157,841 Pensions 23,527 26,229 Inventory reserves 83,136 3,600 Tax credit carryovers 1,431 3,750 Other (a) 103,517 118,733 Gross deferred tax assets 1,560,444 1,330,213 Valuation allowance (1,349,924) (1,087,505) Deferred tax assets 210,520 242,708 Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation (541,245) (446,942) Intangibles (54,413) (84,690) Other (150,859) (145,412) Deferred tax liabilities (746,517) (677,044) Net deferred tax liabilities $ (535,997) $ (434,336) Classification in the consolidated balance sheets: Noncurrent deferred tax assets $ 22,433 $ 46,434 Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities (558,430) (480,770) Net deferred tax liabilities $ (535,997) $ (434,336)
Changes in Balance of Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance	Changes in the balance of our deferred tax asset valuation allowance are as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ (1,087,505) $ (1,276,305) $ (1,326,204) Additions (262,469) (5,810) (61,470) Deductions 50 194,610 111,369 Balance at December 31 $ (1,349,924) $ (1,087,505) $ (1,276,305)
Reconciliation of Total Gross Liability Related to Uncertain Tax Positions	The following is a reconciliation of our total gross liability related to uncertain tax positions for 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Balance at January 1 $ 72,162 $ 20,717 $ 11,639 Additions for tax positions related to prior years 6,216 1,673 75 Reductions for tax positions related to prior years — — (6) Additions for tax positions related to current year 101,179 50,531 10,911 Lapses in statutes of limitations/settlements (770) (995) (1,931) Foreign currency translation adjustment (2) 236 29 Balance at December 31 $ 178,785 $ 72,162 $ 20,717

Fair Value of Financial Instr_2

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value of Long-Term Debt	The carrying value of our remaining long-term debt reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value as substantially all of such debt bears interest based on prevailing variable market rates currently available in the countries in which we have borrowings. December 31, 2023 2022 Recorded Amount Fair Value Recorded Amount Fair Value (In thousands) Long-term debt $ 4,186,532 $ 4,021,693 $ 3,239,853 $ 2,993,027
Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position	The following table summarizes the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts included in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Designated as hedging instruments Other current assets $ 3,489 $ — $ — $ — Other assets 11,704 — — — Accrued expenses — 446 — 3,159 Total designated as hedging instruments 15,193 446 — 3,159 Not designated as hedging instruments Other current assets 2,636 — 6,016 — Accrued expenses — 5,306 — 85 Total not designated as hedging instruments 2,636 5,306 6,016 85 Total $ 17,829 $ 5,752 $ 6,016 $ 3,244
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)	The following table summarizes the net gains (losses) recognized for our foreign currency forward contracts during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Designated as hedging instruments: Gains (losses) recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) $ 8,493 $ (4,398) $ 174 Not designated as hedging instruments: Gains (losses) recognized in Other income (expenses), net (a) $ 213,378 $ (41,088) $ 1,068 (a)

Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

Fair Value Measurement (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurement (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Financial Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value on Recurring Basis	The following tables set forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): December 31, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Available for sale debt securities (a) $ 289,307 $ — $ — $ 289,307 Investments under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 33,564 $ 33,564 $ — $ — Public equity securities (c) $ 168,928 $ 168,928 $ — $ — Private equity securities measured at net asset value (d)(e) $ 4,536 $ — $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 17,829 $ — $ 17,829 $ — Liabilities: Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 33,564 $ 33,564 $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 5,752 $ — $ 5,752 $ — December 31, 2022 Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Available for sale debt securities (a) $ 260,139 $ — $ — $ 260,139 Investments under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 27,270 $ 27,270 $ — $ — Public equity securities (c) $ 5,890 $ 5,890 $ — $ — Private equity securities measured at net asset value (d)(e) $ 6,375 $ — $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 6,016 $ — $ 6,016 $ — Liabilities: Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan (b) $ 27,270 $ 27,270 $ — $ — Foreign currency forward contracts (f) $ 3,244 $ — $ 3,244 $ — (a) Preferred equity of a Grace subsidiary acquired as a portion of the proceeds of the FCS sale on June 1, 2021. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for further details on the material terms and conditions. A third-party estimate of the fair value was prepared using expected future cash flows over the period up to when the asset is likely to be redeemed, applying a discount rate that appropriately captures a market participant's view of the risk associated with the investment. These are considered to be Level 3 inputs. (b) We maintain an EDCP that was adopted in 2001 and subsequently amended. The purpose of the EDCP is to provide current tax planning opportunities as well as supplemental funds upon the retirement or death of certain of our employees. The EDCP is intended to aid in attracting and retaining employees of exceptional ability by providing them with these benefits. We also maintain a Benefit Protection Trust (the “Trust”) that was created to provide a source of funds to assist in meeting the obligations of the EDCP, subject to the claims of our creditors in the event of our insolvency. Assets of the Trust are consolidated in accordance with authoritative guidance. The assets of the Trust consist primarily of mutual fund investments (which are accounted for as trading securities and are marked-to-market on a monthly basis through the consolidated statements of income) and cash and cash equivalents. As such, these assets and obligations are classified within Level 1. (c) Holdings in equity securities of public companies reported in Investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value is measured using publicly available share prices of the investments, with any changes reported in Other income (expenses), net, in our consolidated statements of income. See Note 10, “Investments,” for further details. (d) Primarily consists of private equity securities reported in Investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The changes in fair value are reported in Other income (expenses), net in our consolidated statements of income. (e) Holdings in certain private equity securities are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. (f) As a result of our global operating and financing activities, we are exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates which may adversely affect our operating results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, we minimize our risks from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. The foreign currency forward contracts are valued using broker quotations or market transactions in either the listed or over-the-counter markets. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2. See Note 22, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for further details about our foreign currency forward contracts.
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation	The following tables set forth the reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance for the Level 3 recurring fair value measurements (in thousands): Available for Sale Debt Securities Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 260,139 $ 246,517 Accretion of discount 5,306 12,735 PIK dividends 19,307 — Change in fair value 4,554 887 Ending balance $ 289,306 $ 260,139

Related Party Transactions (Tab

Related Party Transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Schedule of Related Party Transactions	Our consolidated statements of income include sales to and purchases from unconsolidated affiliates in the ordinary course of business as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Sales to unconsolidated affiliates $ 35,676 $ 51,906 $ 19,441 Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates (a) $ 3,652,784 $ 1,920,476 $ 213,077 (a) Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates primarily relate to spodumene purchased from the Company’s Windfield joint venture. (b) Cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of income included purchases from related unconsolidated affiliates of $2.3 billion, $656.7 million and $156.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our consolidated balance sheets include accounts receivable due from and payable to unconsolidated affiliates in the ordinary course of business as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2023 2022 Receivables from unconsolidated affiliates $ 15,992 $ 21,495 Payables to unconsolidated affiliates (a) $ 550,186 $ 518,377 (a) Payables to unconsolidated affiliates primarily relate to spodumene purchased from the Company’s Windfield joint venture under normal payment terms.

Segment and Geographic Area I_2

Segment and Geographic Area Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Segment and Geographic Area Information (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Summarized Financial Information by Reportable Segments	Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net sales: Energy Storage $ 7,078,998 $ 4,660,945 $ 1,067,430 Specialties 1,482,425 1,759,587 1,424,197 Ketjen 1,055,780 899,572 761,235 Total segment net sales 9,617,203 7,320,104 3,252,862 All Other — — 75,095 Total net sales $ 9,617,203 $ 7,320,104 $ 3,327,957 Adjusted EBITDA: Energy Storage $ 2,407,393 $ 3,032,260 $ 371,384 Specialties 298,506 527,318 468,836 Ketjen 103,872 28,732 106,941 Total segment adjusted EBITDA 2,809,771 3,588,310 947,161 See below for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted EBITDA to the companies consolidated Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Total segment adjusted EBITDA $ 2,809,771 $ 3,588,310 $ 947,161 All other adjusted EBITDA — — 29,858 Corporate expenses, net (43,486) (112,453) (106,045) Depreciation and amortization (429,944) (300,841) (254,000) Interest and financing expenses (a) (116,072) (122,973) (61,476) Income tax expense (430,277) (390,588) (29,446) Gain (loss) on change in interest in properties/sale of business, net (b) 71,190 (8,400) 295,971 Acquisition and integration related costs (c) (26,767) (16,259) (12,670) Goodwill impairment (d) (6,765) — — Non-operating pension and OPEB items 7,971 57,032 78,814 Mark-to-market (loss) gain on public equity securities (e) (44,732) 4,319 — Legal accrual (f) (218,510) — (657,412) Albemarle Foundation contribution (g) — — (20,000) Indemnification adjustments (h) — — (39,381) Other (i) 1,097 (8,331) (47,702) Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation $ 1,573,476 $ 2,689,816 $ 123,672 (a) Included in Interest and financing expenses is a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $19.2 million and $29.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 14, “Long-term Debt,” for additional information. In addition, Interest and financing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes the correction of an out of period error of $17.5 million related to the overstatement of capitalized interest in prior periods. (b) Gain recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023 resulting from the restructuring of the MARBL joint venture with MRL. See Note 10, “Investments,” for further details. $8.4 million and $132.4 million of expense recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as a result of revised estimates of the obligation to construct certain lithium hydroxide conversion assets in Kemerton, Western Australia, due to cost overruns from supply chain, labor and COVID-19 pandemic related issues. The corresponding obligation was initially recorded in Accrued liabilities prior to being transferred to MRL, which held a 40% ownership interest in these Kemerton assets during those periods. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for additional information. In addition, the year ended December 31, 2021, includes a $428.4 million gain related to the FCS divestiture. See Note 3, “Divestitures,” for additional information on this gain. (c) Costs related to the acquisition, integration and potential divestitures for various significant projects, recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”). (d) Goodwill impairment charge recorded in SG&A during the year ended December 31, 2023 related to our PCS business. See Note 12, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles,” for further details. (e) (Loss) gain recorded in Other income (expenses), net for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 resulting from the change in fair value of investments in public equity securities. (f) Loss recorded in SG&A for the agreements to resolve a previously disclosed legal matter with the DOJ and SEC during the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2021 the Company recorded a loss in Other income (expenses), net for related to the settlement of an arbitration ruling for a prior legal matter. See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for further details on both matters. (g) Included in SG&A is a charitable contribution, using a portion of the proceeds received from the FCS divestiture, to the Albemarle Foundation, a non-profit organization that sponsors grants, health and social projects, educational initiatives, disaster relief, matching gift programs, scholarships and other charitable initiatives in locations where the Company’s employees live and the Company operates. This contribution is in addition to the normal annual contribution made to the Albemarle Foundation by the Company, and is significant in size and nature in that it is intended to provide more long-term benefits in these communities. (h) Included in Other income (expenses), net to revise an indemnification estimate for an ongoing tax-related matter of a previously disposed business in Germany. A corresponding discrete tax benefit of $27.9 million was recorded in Income tax expense during the same period, netting to an expected cash obligation of approximately $11.5 million. (i) Included amounts for the year ended December 31, 2023 recorded in: • Cost of goods sold - $15.1 million loss recorded to settle an arbitration matter with a regulatory agency in Chile, partially offset by a $4.1 million gain from an updated cost estimate of an environmental reserve at a site not part of our operations. • SG&A - $9.5 million of separation and other severance costs to employees in Corporate and the Ketjen business which are primarily expected to be paid out during 2023, $2.3 million of facility closure expenses related to offices in Germany, $1.9 million of charges primarily for environmental reserves at sites not part of our operations and $1.8 million of various expenses including for certain legal costs and shortfall contributions for a multiemployer plan financial improvement plan. • Other income (expenses), net - $19.3 million gain from PIK dividends of preferred equity in a Grace subsidiary, a $7.3 million gain resulting from insurance proceeds of a prior legal matter and $5.5 million of gains from the sale of investments and the write-off of certain liabilities no longer required, partially offset by $3.6 million of charges for asset retirement obligations at a site not part of our operations and $0.9 million of a loss resulting from the adjustment of indemnification related to previously disposed businesses. Included amounts for the year ended December 31, 2022 recorded in: • Cost of goods sold - $2.7 million of expense related to one-time retention payments for certain employees during the Catalysts strategic review and business unit realignment, and $0.5 million related to the settlement of a legal matter resulting from a prior acquisition. • SG&A - $4.3 million primarily related to facility closure expenses of offices in Germany, $2.8 million of charges for environmental reserves at sites not part of our operations, $2.8 million of shortfall contributions for our multiemployer plan financial improvement plan, $1.9 million of expense related to one-time retention payments for certain employees during the Catalysts strategic review, partially offset by $4.3 million of gains from the sale of legacy properties not part of our operations. • Other income (expenses), net - $3.0 million gain from the reversal of a liability related to a previous divestiture, a $2.0 million gain relating to the adjustment of an environmental reserve at non-operating businesses we previously divested and a $0.6 million gain related to a settlement received from a legal matter in a prior period, partially offset by a $3.2 million loss resulting from the adjustment of indemnification related to previously disposed businesses. Included amounts for the year ended December 31, 2021 recorded in: • Cost of goods sold - $10.5 million of expense related to a legal matter as part of a prior acquisition in our Lithium business. • SG&A - $11.5 million of legal fees related to a legacy Rockwood legal matter noted above, $9.8 million of expenses primarily related to non-routine labor and compensation related costs that are outside normal compensation arrangements, a $4.0 million loss resulting from the sale of property, plant and equipment, $3.8 million of charges for environmental reserves at a sites not part of our operations and $3.2 million of facility closure costs related to offices in Germany, and severance expenses in Germany and Belgium. • Other income (expenses), net - $4.8 million of net expenses primarily related to asset retirement obligation charges to update of an estimate at a site formerly owned by Albemarle. December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Identifiable assets: Energy Storage (a) $ 13,246,412 $ 10,471,949 $ 7,272,029 Specialties 1,696,307 1,396,583 1,344,038 Ketjen 1,355,743 1,214,482 1,149,592 Total segment identifiable assets 16,298,462 13,083,014 9,765,659 Corporate 1,972,190 2,373,508 1,208,459 Total identifiable assets $ 18,270,652 $ 15,456,522 $ 10,974,118 (a) Increase in Energy Storage identifiable assets each year primarily due to capital expenditures for growth and capacity increases. Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Depreciation and amortization: Energy Storage $ 258,436 $ 175,738 $ 123,295 Specialties 86,673 67,705 66,658 Ketjen 76,023 51,417 51,588 Total segment depreciation and amortization 421,132 294,860 241,541 All Other — — 1,870 Corporate 8,812 5,981 10,589 Total depreciation and amortization $ 429,944 $ 300,841 $ 254,000 Capital expenditures: Energy Storage $ 1,752,440 $ 980,410 $ 791,645 Specialties 214,039 183,658 92,194 Ketjen 132,510 66,319 49,312 Total segment capital expenditures 2,098,989 1,230,387 933,151 All Other — — 2,339 Corporate 50,292 31,259 18,177 Total capital expenditures $ 2,149,281 $ 1,261,646 $ 953,667
Net Sales by Geographic Area	Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Net Sales (a) : United States $ 930,838 $ 888,612 $ 730,738 Foreign (b) 8,686,365 6,431,492 2,597,219 Total $ 9,617,203 $ 7,320,104 $ 3,327,957 (a) Net sales are attributed to countries based upon shipments to final destination. (b) In 2023, net sales to South Korea, China and Japan represented 32%, 30% and 15%, respectively, of total net sales. In 2022, net sales to China, South Korea and Japan represented 33%, 22% and 15%, respectively, of total net sales. In 2021, net sales to China, Japan and South Korea represented 18%, 14% and 11%, respectively, of total net sales. During 2023 and 2022, one customer in the Energy Storage business represented more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated net sales.
Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area	As of December 31, 2023 2022 2021 (In thousands) Long-Lived Assets (a) : United States $ 1,912,243 $ 1,371,347 $ 1,040,252 Australia 4,610,963 3,253,069 2,736,590 Chile 2,258,619 2,057,270 1,923,821 China 819,119 438,090 139,537 Jordan 292,870 267,612 262,392 Netherlands 186,963 167,264 177,405 Germany 91,979 77,845 80,956 France 56,876 52,894 49,740 Brazil 33,730 31,855 29,474 Other foreign countries 87,489 77,747 62,667 Total $ 10,350,851 $ 7,794,993 $ 6,502,834 (a) Long-lived assets are comprised of the Company’s Property, plant and equipment and joint ventures included in Investments.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Oct. 18, 2023	Oct. 31, 2019
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Trade accounts receivable arising from contracts with customers	$ 1,200,000	$ 1,000,000
Goodwill impairment	6,765	0	$ 0
Foreign exchange transaction losses	$ 39,900	$ (21,800)	$ 100
Maximum remaining expiration period for foreign currency forward contracts	1 year
Minimum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Payment terms	30 days
Timing between shipment and delivery	1 day
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	5 years
Maximum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Payment terms	90 days
Timing between shipment and delivery	45 days
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	60 years
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	25 years
Planned Major Maintenance Activities
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	12 months
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project \| Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Interest percentage acquired				50%	60%

Acquisitions - Additional Infor

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details)		12 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details)	Oct. 25, 2022 USD ($) metricTon	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 1,629,729,000	$ 1,617,627,000	$ 1,597,627,000
Acquisition and integration related costs		26,767,000	16,259,000	12,670,000
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisition and integration related costs		$ 26,800,000	$ 16,300,000	$ 12,700,000
Guangxi Tianyuan New Energy Materials Co Ltd
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business	$ 200,000,000
Deferred payments to acquire business	$ 29,000,000
Designed annual conversion capacity (in metric tonnes) \| metricTon	25,000
Property, plant and equipment	$ 106,600,000
Other intangibles	16,300,000
Net current liabilities	5,500,000
Long-term liabilities	7,100,000
Goodwill	$ 76,800,000

Divestitures - Additional Infor

Divestitures - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on sales of businesses, net		$ 71,190	$ (8,400)	$ 295,971
Fine Chemistry Services
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from divestiture of business	$ 570,000
Cash proceeds from divestiture	300,000
Preferred equity	$ 270,000
Preferred stock, dividend rate	12%
Gain on sales of businesses, net				428,400
Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Business, net of tax				$ 330,900

Supplemental Cash Flow Inform_3

Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Proceeds from Income Tax Refunds	$ 31,386	$ 11,564	$ 32,677
Income taxes (net of refunds of $31,386, $11,564 and $32,677 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively)	319,391	248,143	130,840
Interest (net of capitalization)	101,978	92,095	27,734
Capital expenditures included in Accounts payable	494,029	296,294	165,677
Notes Issued	0	10,876	0
Non-cash proceeds from divestitures	$ 0	$ 0	$ 244,530

Supplemental Cash Flow Inform_4

Supplemental Cash Flow Information - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				12 Months Ended
	Oct. 18, 2023	Oct. 17, 2023	Oct. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures [Line Items]
Capital expenditures				$ 2,149,281	$ 1,261,646	$ 953,667
Anticipated Cost Overruns Expense					8,400	132,400
Transition tax on foreign earnings, current				64,400	41,800	28,700
Foreign currency exchange rate losses				$ 39,900	(21,800)	100
Lithium Hydroxide Conversion Assets
Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures [Line Items]
Ownership percentage			40%	40%
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project
Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50%	60%
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project \| Lithium Hydroxide Conversion Assets
Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures [Line Items]
Capital expenditures				$ 17,300	$ 122,700	$ 135,900
Consideration transferred							$ 480,000
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project \| Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project
Cash Flow Supplemental Disclosures [Line Items]
Interest percentage acquired	50%		60%

Earnings Per Share (Details)

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation	$ 1,573,476	$ 2,689,816	$ 123,672
Weighted-average common shares for basic earnings per share (in shares)	117,317	117,120	115,841
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 13.41	$ 22.97	$ 1.07
Incremental shares under stock compensation plans	449	673	695
Weighted-average common shares for diluted earnings per share (in shares)	117,766	117,793	116,536
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 13.36	$ 22.84	$ 1.06

Earnings Per Share - Additional

Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 08, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 30, 2016
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share		165,159
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		15,000,000
Preferred shares issued (in shares)		0
Issuance of common stock, net (in shares)	8,496,773
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Public price (in dollars per share)	$ 153
Underwriter share options (in shares)	1,274,509
Issuance of common stock, net	$ 1,500,000	$ 0	$ 387	$ 1,453,888
Repurchase of common stock shares (in shares)		0	0	0
Shares available for repurchase (in shares)		7,396,263
Maximum
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)					15,000,000
Restricted Stock
Earnings Per Share Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of shares containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends (in shares)		4,500

Other Accounts Receivable (Deta

Other Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]
Value added tax/consumption tax	$ 474,280	$ 141,856
Other	34,817	43,963
Total	$ 509,097	$ 185,819

Inventories (Details)

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory [Line Items]
Finished goods	$ 1,624,893	$ 1,679,473
Raw materials and work in process	401,050	296,998
Stores, supplies and other	135,344	99,560
Total inventories	2,161,287	2,076,031
Inventory net realizable value adjustment	604,099	0	$ 0
Lithium [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Work in process related to Lithium	$ 213,400	$ 133,200

Inventories - Additional Inform

Inventories - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory [Line Items]
Percentage of LIFO inventory	3%	3%
Inventories stated on LIFO basis	$ 60.4	$ 52.9
Excess of replacement costs over stated LIFO value	60.1	57.9
Other Variable Interest Entities Excluding Windfield Holdings
Inventory [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Deferred Gain on Sale	$ 559.6	$ 332.3

Other Current Assets (Details)

Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Assets [Abstract]
Income tax receivables	$ 112,953	$ 71,795
Prepaid taxes	207,894	97,682
Other prepaid expenses	116,033	58,754
Other	6,595	6,724
Total	$ 443,475	$ 234,955

Property, Plant and Equipment_2

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Land	$ 297,435	$ 172,464
Land improvements	316,544	201,284
Buildings and improvements	699,045	492,509
Machinery and equipment	6,173,463	4,446,315
Mineral rights and reserves	1,689,013	1,795,668
Construction in progress	3,058,257	2,246,090
Total	$ 12,233,757	$ 9,354,330

Property, Plant and Equipment -

Property, Plant and Equipment - Useful Life (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Minimum \| Land improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	10 years
Minimum \| Building and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	10 years
Minimum \| Machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Minimum \| Long term mineral rights and production equipment costs
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	7 years
Minimum \| Short-lived production equipment components, office and building equipment and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	2 years
Minimum \| Production process equipment (intermediate components)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	8 years
Minimum \| Production process equipment (major unit components)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	20 years
Minimum \| Production process equipment (infrastructure and other)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	30 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	60 years
Maximum \| Land improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	30 years
Maximum \| Building and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	50 years
Maximum \| Machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	45 years
Maximum \| Long term mineral rights and production equipment costs
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	60 years
Maximum \| Short-lived production equipment components, office and building equipment and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	7 years
Maximum \| Production process equipment (intermediate components)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	19 years
Maximum \| Production process equipment (major unit components)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	29 years
Maximum \| Production process equipment (infrastructure and other)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	45 years

Property Plant and Equipment -

Property Plant and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Aug. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation	$ 398.5	$ 273	$ 225.6
Interest capitalized on significant capital projects	$ 72.7	$ 31.1	$ 50
Grant amount				$ 90	$ 150

Investments - Investment Balanc

Investments - Investment Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments [Abstract]
Joint ventures	$ 855,131	$ 832,119
Available for sale debt securities	289,307	260,139
Nonmarketable securities	18,389	18,760
Marketable equity securities	207,028	39,535
Total	$ 1,369,855	$ 1,150,553

Investments - Ownership Positio

Investments - Ownership Positions in Significant Unconsolidated (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Windfield Holdings
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	49%	49%	49%
Nippon Aluminum Alkyls
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50%	50%	50%
Nippon Ketjen Company Limited
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50%	50%	50%
Eurecat S.A.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50%	50%	50%
Fabrica Carioca de Catalisadores S.A.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50%	50%	50%

Investments - Net Income on Unc

Investments - Net Income on Unconsolidated Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments	$ 1,854,082	$ 772,275	$ 95,770
Windfield Holdings
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments	1,833,589	750,378	75,206
Other joint ventures
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments	$ 20,493	$ 21,897	$ 20,564

Investments - Additional Inform

Investments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 18, 2023	Oct. 17, 2023	Jun. 01, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Dividends received from unconsolidated investments						$ 2,000,862	$ 801,239	$ 78,391
Gain on sales of businesses, net						71,190	(8,400)	295,971
Equity Securities, Purchases						203,400
Mark-to-market (loss) gain on public equity securities						(41,400)	4,300
Available for sale debt securities					$ 289,307	289,307	260,139
Marketable equity securities					207,028	207,028	39,535
Benefit Protection Trust
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities					33,600	33,600	27,300
Fine Chemistry Services
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Gain on sales of businesses, net								428,400
Proceeds from divestiture of business			$ 570,000
Cash proceeds from divestiture			300,000
Preferred equity			$ 270,000
Preferred stock, dividend rate			12%
Forecast
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity securities realized loss				$ 33,700
Subsequent Event
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of equity securities				$ 81,500
Mineral Resources Limited
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Committed Capital					380,000
Committed Capital, Consideration					180,000
Kemerton Plant
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage Purchased	40%
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50%	60%
Windfield Holdings
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value of unconsolidated investment					$ 712,000	712,000	694,500
Significant Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Dividends received from unconsolidated investments						$ 2,000,000	$ 800,900	$ 78,400
Windfield Holdings
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage					49%	49%	49%	49%
Jordan Bromine Company Limited \| Jordan Bromine Company Limited
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage					50%	50%
Significant Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Investment in significant unconsolidated joint ventures					$ 841,500	$ 841,500	$ 813,900
Undistributed earnings from equity method investees					$ 97,300	$ 97,300	$ 242,700

Investments - Summary of Assets

Investments - Summary of Assets, Liabilities and Results of Operations for Significant Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 5,216,919	$ 5,186,917
Total assets	18,270,652	15,456,522	$ 10,974,118
Current liabilities	3,560,462	2,741,015
Net sales	9,617,203	7,320,104	3,327,957
Gross profit	1,185,909	3,074,587	997,971
Net income	1,670,543	2,815,131	199,942
Significant Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	1,424,059	1,927,791
Noncurrent assets	2,321,261	1,659,692
Total assets	3,745,320	3,587,483
Current liabilities	773,931	770,211
Noncurrent liabilities	1,267,271	1,175,773
Liabilities, Total	2,041,202	1,945,984
Net sales	7,019,117	4,290,223	827,848
Gross profit	6,373,472	3,765,304	443,129
Income before taxes	5,988,737	3,301,875	269,788
Net income	$ 4,224,961	$ 2,314,094	$ 187,084

Other Assets (Details)

Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Deferred income taxes	$ 22,433	$ 46,434
Assets related to unrecognized tax benefits	$ 73,009	$ 32,421
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Total	Total
Operating leases	$ 137,405	$ 128,173
Other	64,240	43,530
Total	$ 297,087	$ 250,558

Goodwill and Other Intangible_2

Goodwill and Other Intangibles - Changes in Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Oct. 18, 2023	Oct. 17, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance			$ 1,617,627	$ 1,597,627
Divestitures			(6,058)
Segment realignment			0
Goodwill impairment			6,765	0	$ 0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other			24,925	(56,105)
Goodwill, Ending Balance			1,629,729	1,617,627	1,597,627
Ketjen
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill accumulate impairment loss			6,800
Reportable Segments \| Energy Storage
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance			1,424,275	1,394,182
Divestitures			(6,058)
Segment realignment			(12,316)
Goodwill impairment			0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other			18,583	(46,012)
Goodwill, Ending Balance			1,424,484	1,424,275	1,394,182
Reportable Segments \| Specialties
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance			20,319	20,319
Divestitures			0
Segment realignment			12,316
Goodwill impairment			0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other			4	0
Goodwill, Ending Balance			32,639	20,319	20,319
Reportable Segments \| Ketjen
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance			173,033	183,126
Divestitures			0
Segment realignment			0
Goodwill impairment			6,765
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other			6,338	(10,093)
Goodwill, Ending Balance			$ 172,606	173,033	$ 183,126
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Acquisitions				76,105
Ownership percentage	50%	60%
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project \| Reportable Segments \| Energy Storage
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Acquisitions				76,105
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project \| Reportable Segments \| Specialties
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Acquisitions				0
Mineral Resources Limited Wodgina Project \| Reportable Segments \| Ketjen
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Acquisitions				$ 0

Goodwill and Other Intangible_3

Goodwill and Other Intangibles - Other Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 507,416	$ 540,280
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired		16,330
Divestitures		(26,303)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	4,728	(22,891)
Ending Balance	512,144	507,416	$ 540,280
Beginning Balance	(219,546)	(231,333)
Amortization	(28,026)	(24,707)	(25,300)
Divestitures		26,303
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(2,714)	10,191
Ending Balance	(250,286)	(219,546)	(231,333)
Net Book Value	261,858	287,870
Customer Lists and Relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	412,670	428,379
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired		6,000
Divestitures		0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	5,133	(21,709)
Ending Balance	417,803	412,670	428,379
Beginning Balance	(177,627)	(163,283)
Amortization	(24,510)	(22,144)
Divestitures		0
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(2,344)	7,800
Ending Balance	(204,481)	(177,627)	(163,283)
Net Book Value	213,322	235,043
Trademarks and trade names
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	13,161	17,883
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired		0
Divestitures		(4,253)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	244	(469)
Ending Balance	13,405	13,161	17,883
Beginning Balance	(3,587)	(7,983)
Amortization	0	0
Divestitures		4,253
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(86)	143
Ending Balance	(3,673)	(3,587)	(7,983)
Net Book Value	9,732	9,574
Patents and Technology
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	46,399	57,313
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired		8,300
Divestitures		(16,206)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(112)	(3,008)
Ending Balance	46,287	46,399	57,313
Beginning Balance	(23,790)	(39,796)
Amortization	(2,563)	(1,649)
Divestitures		16,206
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(405)	1,449
Ending Balance	(26,758)	(23,790)	(39,796)
Net Book Value	19,529	22,609
Other
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	35,186	36,705
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired		2,030
Divestitures		(5,844)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(537)	2,295
Ending Balance	34,649	35,186	36,705
Beginning Balance	(14,542)	(20,271)
Amortization	(953)	(914)
Divestitures		5,844
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	121	799
Ending Balance	(15,374)	(14,542)	$ (20,271)
Net Book Value	$ 19,275	$ 20,644

Goodwill and Other Intangible_4

Goodwill and Other Intangibles - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of other intangible assets	$ 28,026	$ 24,707	$ 25,300
Minimum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	5 years
Maximum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	25 years
Customer lists and relationships
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of other intangible assets	$ 24,510	22,144
Customer lists and relationships \| Minimum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	13 years
Customer lists and relationships \| Maximum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	25 years
Patents and technology
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of other intangible assets	$ 2,563	1,649
Patents and technology \| Minimum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	8 years
Patents and technology \| Maximum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	20 years
Other
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of other intangible assets	$ 953	914
Other \| Minimum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	5 years
Other \| Maximum
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	25 years
Amortized using the pattern of economic benefit method
Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of other intangible assets	$ 16,700	$ 17,200	$ 19,300

Goodwill and Other Intangible_5

Goodwill and Other Intangibles - Total Estimated Amortization Expense of Other Intangibles for Next Five Fiscal Years (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 29,583
2025	29,046
2026	28,525
2027	28,024
2028	$ 27,534

Accrued Expenses (Details)

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Employee benefits, payroll and related taxes	$ 168,361	$ 145,885
Interest and Dividends Payable	0	53,168
Other	376,474	306,841
Total	$ 544,835	$ 505,894

Accrued Expenses - Accrued Expe

Accrued Expenses - Accrued Expenses Footnote (Details)	12 Months Ended
Accrued Expenses - Accrued Expenses Footnote (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Total Current Liabilities \| Concentration Risk, Threshold Percentage \| Product Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Benchmark for individual components of accrued expenses, percentage	5%

Accrued Expenses - Additional I

Accrued Expenses - Additional Information (Details) - Subsequent Event $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Minimum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Severance Costs	$ 15
Maximum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Severance Costs	$ 20

Long-Term Debt - Schedule of De

Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	May 13, 2022	Nov. 25, 2019	Nov. 24, 2014
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	$ 4,166,763	$ 3,217,100
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs	(105,992)	(28,689)
Current portion of long-term debt	625,761	2,128
Long-term debt	$ 3,541,002	$ 3,214,972
1.125% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	0.01125%	0.01125%		1.125%
1.625% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	0.01625%	0.01625%		1.625%
3.45% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	0.0345%	0.0345%		3.45%
4.65% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.00047%	4.65%
5.05% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.00051%	5.05%
5.45% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate	0.0545%	0.0545%			5.45%
5.65% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.0565%	5.65%
Unsecured Debt \| 1.125% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	$ 416,501	$ 401,265
Unsecured Debt \| 1.625% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	552,200	532,000
Senior Notes \| 3.45% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	171,612	171,612
Senior Notes \| 4.65% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	650,000	650,000
Senior Notes \| 5.05% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	600,000	600,000
Senior Notes \| 5.45% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	350,000	350,000
Senior Notes \| 5.65% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	450,000	450,000
Commercial Paper
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	620,000	0
Interest-free loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	300,000	0
Variable-rate foreign bank loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	30,197	2,997
Finance lease obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	110,245	76,537
Other Debt Obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	$ 22,000	$ 11,378

Long-Term Debt - Additional Inf

Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended						12 Months Ended
	Oct. 24, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 14, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 15, 2014 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2025	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) installment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) installment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	May 17, 2023 USD ($)	May 13, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 10, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 25, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 18, 2014	Nov. 24, 2014 USD ($)	Jan. 22, 2014 USD ($) payment	May 29, 2013 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt, year one									$ 625,800	$ 625,800
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt, year two									416,500	416,500
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt, year three									60,000	60,000
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt, year four									710,000	710,000
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt, year five									612,200	612,200
Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt, thereafter									1,848,300	1,848,300
Loss on early extinguishment of debt										0	$ 19,219	$ 28,955
Long-term Debt									4,166,763	4,166,763	$ 3,217,100
Average interest rate on borrowings											0.40%	0.40%
Revolving credit facility, remaining borrowings available									880,000	880,000
Commercial Paper
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt									$ 620,000	$ 620,000	$ 0
Average interest rate on borrowings									6.05%	6.05%
Debt instrument weighted average maturity period										11 days
Other Debt Obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt									$ 22,000	$ 22,000	11,378
2018 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 1,500,000
Interest rate margin										1.125%
Credit facility, borrowings outstanding									$ 0	$ 0
2018 Credit Agreement \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate margin		0.10%
2018 Credit Agreement \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate margin		0.91%
2018 Credit Agreement \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate margin		1.375%
2019 Credit Facility \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity															$ 1,200,000
Repayment of Credit Facility	$ 250,000
Credit Facilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Covenant Ratio, Maximum Debt to EBITDA									3.50
Credit Facilities \| Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Covenant Ratio, Maximum Debt to EBITDA				3.50	3.75	4	5.50	5
Debt Covenant Ratio, Minimum EBITDA To Interest Charges				3		2
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity									$ 1,500,000	$ 1,500,000
Debt covenant									50,000,000,000%	50,000,000,000%
Interest Rate Swap \| JP Morgan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount																			$ 325,000
Payment for settlement of interest rate swap			$ 33,400
Interest Expense
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loss on early extinguishment of debt										$ 19,200	$ 29,000
4.65% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt														$ 650,000
Debt instrument, interest rate											0.00047%			4.65%
Interest rate of debt, effective percentage														4.84%
5.05% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt														$ 600,000
Debt instrument, interest rate											0.00051%			5.05%
Interest rate of debt, effective percentage														5.18%
5.65% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt														$ 450,000
Debt instrument, interest rate											0.0565%			5.65%
Interest rate of debt, effective percentage														5.71%
4.15% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt																		$ 425,000
Debt instrument, interest rate																		4.15%
Number of semi annual coupon payments \| payment																			20
Floating Rate Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt																$ 200,000
1.125% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt																$ 500,000
Debt instrument, interest rate									0.01125%	0.01125%	0.01125%					1.125%
Interest rate of debt, effective percentage																1.30%
1.125% Notes \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt									$ 416,501	$ 416,501	$ 401,265
1.625% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt																$ 500,000
Debt instrument, interest rate									0.01625%	0.01625%	0.01625%					1.625%
Interest rate of debt, effective percentage																1.74%
1.625% Notes \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term Debt									$ 552,200	$ 552,200	$ 532,000
3.45% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt																$ 300,000
Debt instrument, interest rate									0.0345%	0.0345%	0.0345%					3.45%
Interest rate of debt, effective percentage																3.58%
5.45% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt																		$ 350,000
Debt instrument, interest rate									0.0545%	0.0545%	0.0545%							5.45%
Interest rate of debt, effective percentage																		5.50%
1.875% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate																	1.875%
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, before tax												$ 5,100
Commercial Paper \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commercial paper notes													$ 1,500,000							$ 750,000
Debt instrument, maturity term										397 days
Zero Percent Rate Loan \| Other Debt Obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate									5.53%	5.53%
Long-term Debt									$ 300,000	$ 300,000
Debt Instrument, Repayment Installments \| installment									5	5
Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity									$ 279,800	$ 279,800
Credit facility, borrowings outstanding									$ 30,200	$ 30,200	$ 3,000
Average interest rate on borrowings									0.40%	0.40%

Long-Term Debt - Covenant Ratio

Long-Term Debt - Covenant Ratio (Details) - Credit Facilities	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Covenant Ratio, Maximum Debt to EBITDA						3.50
Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Covenant Ratio, Maximum Debt to EBITDA	3.50	3.75	4	5.50	5

Pension Plans and Other Postr_3

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Reconciliation of Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status of Plans, as well as Summary of Significant Assumptions for Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Pension Plans
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance	$ 528,057
Fair value of plan assets, Ending Balance	549,645	$ 528,057
Other Postretirement Benefits
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligation, beginning balance	35,990	47,493
Service cost	47	85	$ 123
Interest cost	1,873	1,307	1,238
Actuarial gain	(6,618)	(10,164)
Benefits paid	(2,403)	(2,731)
Benefit obligation, ending balance	28,889	35,990	47,493
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer	2,403	2,731
Benefits paid	(2,403)	(2,731)
Fair value of plan assets, Ending Balance	0	0	0
Funded status	(28,889)	(35,990)
Current liabilities (accrued expenses)	(2,642)	(3,239)
Noncurrent liabilities (pension benefits)	(26,247)	(32,751)
Net pension liability	$ (28,889)	$ (35,990)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
Discount rate	5.21%	5.45%
Rate of compensation increase	0%	0%
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plans
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligation, beginning balance	$ 514,971	$ 680,696
Service cost	499	904	869
Interest cost	26,924	18,827	18,005
Actuarial gain	11,957	(144,288)
Benefits paid	(41,449)	(41,168)
Employee contributions	0	0
Foreign exchange loss (gain)	0	0
Settlements/curtailments	0	0
Other	0	0
Benefit obligation, ending balance	512,902	514,971	680,696
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance	469,828	605,991
Actual return on plan assets	54,785	(95,925)
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer	967	930
Benefits paid	(41,449)	(41,168)
Employee contributions	0	0
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	0	0
Settlements/curtailments	0	0
Other	0	0
Fair value of plan assets, Ending Balance	484,131	469,828	$ 605,991
Funded status	(28,771)	(45,143)
Current liabilities (accrued expenses)	(912)	(947)
Noncurrent liabilities (pension benefits)	(27,859)	(44,196)
Net pension liability	(28,771)	(45,143)
Prior service benefit	0	0
Net amount recognized	$ 0	$ 0
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
Discount rate	5.21%	5.46%	2.86%	2.50%
Rate of compensation increase	0%	0%
Foreign Plans \| Pension Plans
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligation, beginning balance	$ 180,561	$ 255,234
Service cost	5,686	3,700	$ 3,697
Interest cost	7,153	3,363	2,427
Actuarial gain	10,078	(49,380)
Benefits paid	(9,051)	(11,049)
Employee contributions	60	64
Foreign exchange loss (gain)	7,137	(18,562)
Settlements/curtailments	(5,606)	(1,028)
Other	(100)	(1,781)
Benefit obligation, ending balance	195,918	180,561	255,234
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning balance	58,229	94,256
Actual return on plan assets	4,395	(29,694)
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer	14,496	12,451
Benefits paid	(9,051)	(11,049)
Employee contributions	60	64
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	3,091	(9,004)
Settlements/curtailments	(5,606)	(1,028)
Other	(100)	2,233
Fair value of plan assets, Ending Balance	65,514	58,229	$ 94,256
Funded status	(130,404)	(122,332)
Current liabilities (accrued expenses)	(7,951)	(6,957)
Noncurrent liabilities (pension benefits)	(122,453)	(115,375)
Net pension liability	(130,404)	(122,332)
Prior service benefit	(531)	(615)
Net amount recognized	$ (531)	$ (615)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
Discount rate	3.73%	4.04%	1.44%	0.86%
Rate of compensation increase	3.67%	3.67%

Pension Plans and Other Postr_4

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Components of Pension and Postretirement Benefits Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Weighted-average assumption percentages:
Expected return on plan assets	6.66%	6.48%	6.50%
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 47	$ 85	$ 123
Interest cost	1,873	1,307	1,238
Actuarial (gain) loss	(6,816)	(10,163)	(2,568)
Total net pension benefits cost (credit)	$ (4,896)	$ (8,771)	$ (1,207)
Weighted-average assumption percentages:
Discount rate	5.45%	2.85%	2.49%
Rate of compensation increase	0%	0%	3.50%
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 499	$ 904	$ 869
Interest cost	26,924	18,827	18,005
Expected return on assets	(30,875)	(40,288)	(39,972)
Actuarial (gain) loss	(11,951)	(8,008)	(34,857)
Amortization of prior service benefit	0	0	0
Total net pension benefits cost (credit)	$ (15,403)	$ (28,565)	$ (55,955)
Weighted-average assumption percentages:
Expected return on plan assets	6.88%	6.89%	6.88%
Rate of compensation increase	0%	0%	0%
Foreign Plans \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 5,686	$ 3,700	$ 3,697
Interest cost	7,153	3,363	2,427
Expected return on assets	(2,872)	(3,252)	(3,593)
Actuarial (gain) loss	8,593	(18,818)	(19,494)
Amortization of prior service benefit	81	89	115
Total net pension benefits cost (credit)	$ 18,641	$ (14,918)	$ (16,848)
Weighted-average assumption percentages:
Expected return on plan assets	4.86%	3.85%	3.98%
Rate of compensation increase	3.67%	3.12%	3.26%

Pension Plans and Other Postr_5

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Financial Assets Accounted for at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - Pension Plans - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 549,645	$ 528,057
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	425,203	416,881
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) \| Domestic Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	58,906	97,984
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) \| International Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	99,432	79,815
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	257,299	235,184
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) \| Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	9,566	3,898
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	43,900	42,451
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) \| Domestic Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	96
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) \| International Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	7,059	8,187
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	36,841	34,168
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) \| Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Domestic Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| International Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	0	0
Absolute Return Measured at Net Asset Value
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	80,542	68,725
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1, 2 and 3 \| Domestic Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	58,906	98,080
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1, 2 and 3 \| International Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	106,491	88,002
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1, 2 and 3 \| Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	294,140	269,352
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1, 2 and 3 \| Cash
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 9,566	$ 3,898

Pension Plans and Other Postr_6

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plan Asset Target Allocation (Details) - Pension Plans	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations percentage of assets	38%
Fixed income
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations percentage of assets	53%
Absolute return
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations percentage of assets	9%

Pension Plans and Other Postr_7

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Current Forecast of Benefit Payments which Reflect Expected Future Service (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2024	$ 2,446
2025	2,425
2026	2,400
2027	2,368
2028	2,330
2029-2033	10,884
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2024	43,432
2025	43,600
2026	43,399
2027	42,985
2028	42,350
2029-2033	197,112
Foreign Plans \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2024	13,476
2025	11,493
2026	11,753
2027	12,322
2028	12,716
2029-2033	$ 66,160

Pension Plans and Other Postr_8

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Accumulated benefit obligation for defined benefit pension plans		$ 700,400	$ 688,000
Weighted-average expected rate of return on plan assets		6.66%	6.48%	6.50%
Actual rate of return		11.21%	(17.94%)	8.42%
Percentage of defined benefit plan assets in U.S. and U.K.		96%
Change in percentage of broad asset class targets		10%
Pension and postretirement contributions		$ 17,866	$ 16,112	$ 30,253
Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Expected contributions to benefit plans in next year		$ 14,200
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate		5.21%	5.45%
Expected premium contribution		$ 2,400
Projected benefit obligation recognized		28,889	$ 35,990	47,493
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Expected contributions to benefit plans in next year		900
Costs (credits) related to supplemental executive retirement plan		600	(1,200)	$ (200)
Projected benefit obligation recognized		$ 6,200	$ 6,500
Foreign Plans \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Weighted-average expected rate of return on plan assets		4.86%	3.85%	3.98%
Discount rate		3.73%	4.04%	1.44%	0.86%
Projected benefit obligation recognized		$ 195,918	$ 180,561	$ 255,234
Foreign Plans \| Subsequent Event \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Weighted-average expected rate of return on plan assets	5.95%
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Weighted-average expected rate of return on plan assets		6.88%	6.89%	6.88%
Discount rate		5.21%	5.46%	2.86%	2.50%
Projected benefit obligation recognized		$ 512,902	$ 514,971	$ 680,696
Defined contribution plan, employer matching contribution percentage		5%
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plans \| 2004 Defined Contribution Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer contributions		$ 17,800	12,100	16,700
U.S. Plans \| Pension Plans \| Employee Savings Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, employer contributions		$ 18,400	$ 12,700	$ 17,400
U.S. Plans \| Subsequent Event \| Pension Plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Weighted-average expected rate of return on plan assets	6.88%

Pension Plans and Other Postr_9

Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits - Multiemployer Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Multiemployer plan contributions			$ 1.5
Financial Improvement Plan \| Selling, general and administrative expenses
Multiemployer Plans [Line Items]
Multiemployer plan contributions	$ 0.4	$ 2.8	$ 1.3

Other Noncurrent Liabilities (D

Other Noncurrent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Transition tax on foreign earnings	$ 127,339	$ 191,708
Operating leases	113,681	99,269
Liabilities related to uncertain tax positions	220,555	83,670
Executive deferred compensation plan obligation	33,564	27,270
Environmental liabilities	23,224	31,272	$ 37,540
Asset retirement obligations	88,703	79,522
Tax indemnification liability	14,481	66,137
Deferred revenue	78,027	0
Other	69,526	57,748
Total	$ 769,100	$ 636,596
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Current liabilities	Current liabilities

Other Noncurrent Liabilities -

Other Noncurrent Liabilities - Footnote (Details)	12 Months Ended
Other Noncurrent Liabilities - Footnote (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Total liabilities \| Concentration Risk, Threshold Percentage \| Product Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Benchmark for individual components of noncurrent liabilities, percentage	5%

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Activity in Recorded Environmental Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accrual for Environmental Loss Contingencies [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 38,245	$ 46,617	$ 45,771
Expenditures	(3,393)	(10,378)	(2,752)
Accretion of discount	1,094	1,031	960
Additions and changes in estimates	(2,541)	673	4,063
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	744	302	(1,425)
Balance, end of year	$ 34,149	38,245	46,617
Environmental Loss Contingency, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued expenses, Other noncurrent liabilities
Less amounts recorded in Accrued expenses	$ 10,925	6,973	9,077
Environmental Loss Contingency, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued expenses
Amounts reported in Other noncurrent liabilities	$ 23,224	$ 31,272	$ 37,540

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 28, 2021	May 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Environmental remediation liabilities- discounted			$ 27,400		$ 30,100
Accrual for environmental loss contingencies- weighted-average discount rate			3.70%		3.40%
Environmental remediation liabilities- undiscounted			$ 55,400		$ 57,500
Loss contingency, estimate of possible loss	$ 600,000
Litigation settlement, expense	$ 665,000
Payments for legal settlements		$ 332,500
Loss contingencies, loss in period, net of tax				$ 508,500
Settlement for legacy Rockwood legal matter			218,500
Tax indemnification liability			14,481		$ 66,137
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Settlement for legacy Rockwood legal matter			218,500
Corporate
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Legal accrual				$ 657,400
Maximum
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Potential revision on future environmental remediation costs before tax			$ 47,000

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies - Activity in Recorded Asset Retirement Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Asset Retirement Obligation, Roll Forward Analysis [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 80,101	$ 79,213
Additions and changes in estimates	11,288	2,919
Accretion of discount	2,421	1,996
Liabilities settled	(3,044)	(4,266)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(1,607)	239
Balance, end of year	89,159	80,101
Less amounts reported in Accrued expenses	456	579
Amounts reported in Other noncurrent liabilities	$ 88,703	$ 79,522

Commitments and Contingencies_4

Commitments and Contingencies - Letters of Credit and Guarantee Agreements (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 193,648
2025	13,375
2026	2,454
2027	868
2028	717
Thereafter	$ 6,088

Leases - Additional Information

Leases - Additional Information (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease renewal term	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease renewal term	50 years
Real estate \| Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term of contract	1 year
Real estate \| Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term of contract	30 years
Non-real estate \| Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term of contract	2 years
Non-real estate \| Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term of contract	15 years

Leases - Cost (Details)

Leases - Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 48,238	$ 43,809	$ 42,338
Amortization of right of use assets	5,302	3,377	614
Interest on lease liabilities	5,070	3,504	3,010
Total finance lease cost	10,372	6,881	3,624
Short-term lease cost	20,309	13,985	11,084
Variable lease cost	25,075	8,064	8,002
Total lease cost	$ 103,994	$ 72,739	$ 65,048

Leases - Cash Flow (Details)

Leases - Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 49,261	$ 36,629	$ 33,030
Operating cash flows from finance leases	4,671	3,389	1,776
Financing cash flows from finance leases	2,165	1,432	687
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating leases	48,655	15,913	56,814
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for finance leases	$ 46,773	$ 3,976	$ 17,096

Leases - Balance Sheet (Details

Leases - Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating leases	$ 137,405	$ 128,173
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued expenses	Accrued expenses
Current operating lease liability	$ 30,583	$ 35,515
Other noncurrent liabilities	113,681	99,269
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 144,264	$ 134,784
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Property, Plant, and Equipment and Finance Lease Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	Property, Plant, and Equipment and Finance Lease Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
Net property, plant and equipment	$ 112,438	$ 81,356
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued expenses, Current portion of long-term debt	Accrued expenses, Current portion of long-term debt
Current portion of long-term debt	$ 9,702	$ 4,995
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-term debt	Long-term debt
Long-term debt	$ 104,484	$ 74,409
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 114,186	$ 79,404
Weighted average remaining lease term, operating leases	12 years 2 months 12 days	13 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining lease term, finance leases	20 years 8 months 12 days	22 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate, operating leases, percent	4.74%	3.60%
Weighted average discount rate, finance leases, percent	4.71%	4.41%

Leases - Maturity Table (Detail

Leases - Maturity Table (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease liability payments due next twelve months	$ 33,646
Operating lease liability payments due year two	28,980
Operating lease liability payments due year three	20,667
Operating lease liability payments due year four	15,664
Operating lease liability payments due year five	11,102
Operating lease liability payments due after year five	107,058
Total operating lease liability payments	217,117
Imputed interest operating leases	72,853
Total operating lease liabilities	144,264	$ 134,784
Finance Leases
Finance lease liability payments due next twelve months	12,386
Finance lease liability payments due year two	9,229
Finance lease liability payments due year three	8,566
Finance lease liability payments due year four	8,566
Finance lease liability payments due year five	8,566
Finance lease liability payments due after year five	128,547
Total finance lease liability payments	175,860
Imputed interest finance leases	61,674
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 114,186	$ 79,404

Stock-based Compensation Expe_3

Stock-based Compensation Expense - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Common stock authorized for non-employee directors (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Stock-based compensation	$ 38,957,000	$ 31,390,000	$ 18,818,000
Tax benefits recognized related to stock based compensation	$ 4,600,000	$ 4,000,000	$ 2,300,000
Stock options granted during the period (in shares)	51,316	57,348	62,479
Proceeds from stock option exercised	$ 190,000	$ 2,783,000	$ 18,392,000
Stock Incentive Plan Twenty Seventeen
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Shares available for grant (in shares)	3,072,368
Stock Incentive Plan Twenty Seventeen \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Number of shares available for issuance under incentive plan (in shares)	4,500,000
Non Employee Directors, Plan
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Common stock authorized for non-employee directors (in shares)	500,000
Shares available for grant (in shares)	493,250
Non Employee Directors, Plan \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Fair market value of shares issued per director per year	$ 750,000
Stock Options
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Share-based awards vesting period	3 years
Stock options, term	10 years
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised	$ 500,000	6,900,000	37,200,000
Compensation cost not yet recognized for nonvested share	$ 4,200,000
Remaining weighted average period for recognition of compensation cost years	1 year 10 months 24 days
Proceeds from stock option exercised	$ 200,000
Tax benefit from stock option exercised	100,000
Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Compensation cost not yet recognized for nonvested share	$ 20,200,000
Remaining weighted average period for recognition of compensation cost years	1 year 10 months 24 days
Weighted average grant date fair value	$ 19,400,000	15,400,000	10,600,000
Weighted average fair value of awards vested in period	$ 38,800,000	17,800,000	11,000,000
Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units \| Minimum
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Share-based awards vesting period	1 year
Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Share-based awards vesting period	5 years
Performance Unit Awards
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Compensation cost not yet recognized for nonvested share	$ 24,800,000
Remaining weighted average period for recognition of compensation cost years	1 year 6 months
Weighted average grant date fair value	$ 22,900,000	13,100,000	10,000,000
Weighted average fair value of awards vested in period	$ 17,200,000	$ 11,900,000	$ 5,800,000
Number of common stock share for each performance unit (in shares)	1
Performance Unit Awards \| Minimum
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Performance unit award payout percentage	0%
Specific performance criteria period	1 year
Performance Unit Awards \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Performance unit award payout percentage	200%
Specific performance criteria period	3 years
Two Year Measurement Period
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Percentage of award distributed	50%
One Year Vesting Period Thereafter
Share Based Compensation [Line Items]
Percentage of award distributed	50%

Stock-based Compensation Expe_4

Stock-based Compensation Expense - Fixed-Price Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Shares
Outstanding Shares, Beginning Balance (in shares)	384,936
Granted (in shares)	51,316	57,348	62,479
Exercised (in shares)	(3,124)
Forfeited (in shares)	(5,984)
Outstanding Shares, Ending Balance (in shares)	427,144	384,936
Exercisable, Ending Balance (in shares)	314,745
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 114.24
Granted (in dollars per share)	249.52
Exercised (in dollars per share)	59.41
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	207.12
Outstanding Weighted-Average Exercise (in dollars per share) Price, Ending Balance	129.59	$ 114.24
Exercisable Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 102.14
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Weighted-Averaged Remaining Contractual Term, Beginning Balance	5 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted-Averaged Remaining Contractual Term, Ending Balance	5 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 3 months 18 days
Exercisable Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term, Ending Balance	4 years 10 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning Balance	$ 39,501
Outstanding Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending Balance	14,891	$ 39,501
Exercisable Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending Balance	$ 14,891

Stock-based Compensation Expe_5

Stock-based Compensation Expense - Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Estimate Fair Value of Each Option Granted (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Dividend yield	1.26%	1.32%	1.43%
Volatility	40.06%	36.21%	36.19%
Average expected life (years)	6 years	6 years	6 years
Risk-free interest rate	3.95%	1.97%	1.44%
Fair value of options granted (in dollars per share)	$ 98.66	$ 63	$ 49.42
Performance Unit Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Volatility	50.41%	51.51%	47.13%
Risk-free interest rate	4.51%	1.72%	0.27%

Stock-based Compensation Expe_6

Stock-based Compensation Expense - Activity in Performance Unit Awards (Details) - Performance Unit Awards	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Shares
Nonvested, beginning of period (in shares) \| shares	224,548
Granted (in shares) \| shares	79,396
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(73,060)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(7,028)
Nonvested, end of period (in shares) \| shares	223,856
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 140.44
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	288.28
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	102.29
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	229.70
Nonvested, end of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 207.61

Stock-based Compensation Expe_7

Stock-based Compensation Expense - Activity in Non-Performance Based Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Shares
Nonvested, beginning of period (in shares) \| shares	300,953
Granted (in shares) \| shares	87,240
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(183,258)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(6,788)
Nonvested, end of period (in shares) \| shares	198,147
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 120.09
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	221.86
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	86.15
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	196
Nonvested, end of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 190.40

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income - Components and Activity in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Net of Deferred Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 18, 2014	Nov. 24, 2014
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 8,190,847	$ 5,805,607	$ 4,468,594
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	32,323	(175,766)	(69,194)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(69)	7,471	2,716
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	32,254	(168,295)	(66,478)
Amounts reclassified within accumulated other comprehensive income			0
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(118)	83	160
Ending balance	$ 9,665,099	8,190,847	5,805,607
1.875% Senior Notes
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Debt instrument, interest rate				1.875%
4.15% Senior Notes
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Debt instrument, interest rate					4.15%
4.15% Senior Notes \| Senior Notes
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Debt instrument, interest rate	4.15%
Foreign Currency Translation and Other
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ (562,886)	(391,674)	(369,152)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	26,337	(171,367)	(74,478)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	66	72	93
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	26,403	(171,295)	(74,385)
Amounts reclassified within accumulated other comprehensive income			51,703
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(118)	83	160
Ending balance	(536,601)	(562,886)	(391,674)
Net Investment Hedge(a)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0	0	46,593
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	0	0	5,110
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0	0	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	0	0	5,110
Amounts reclassified within accumulated other comprehensive income			(51,703)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	0	0	0
Ending balance	0	0	0
Cash Flow Hedge
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	2,224	6,623	6,449
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	5,986	(4,399)	174
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(135)	0	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	5,851	(4,399)	174
Amounts reclassified within accumulated other comprehensive income			0
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	0	0	0
Ending balance	8,075	2,224	6,623
Interest Rate Swap
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0	(7,399)	(10,022)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	0	0	0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0	7,399	2,623
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	0	7,399	2,623
Amounts reclassified within accumulated other comprehensive income			0
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	0	0	0
Ending balance	0	0	(7,399)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(560,662)	(392,450)	(326,132)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	32,136	(168,212)	(66,318)
Ending balance	$ (528,526)	$ (560,662)	$ (392,450)

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_4

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income - Amount of Income Tax (Expense) Benefit Allocated to Component of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, before tax	$ 32,322	$ (163,613)	$ (66,482)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax	(68)	(4,682)	4
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	32,254	(168,295)	(66,478)
Foreign Currency Translation and Other
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, before tax	23,964	(168,953)	(76,544)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax	2,439	(2,342)	2,159
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	26,403	(171,295)	(74,385)
Net Investment Hedge(a)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, before tax	0	0	6,552
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax	0	0	(1,442)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	0	0	5,110
Cash Flow Hedge
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, before tax	8,358	(4,399)	174
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax	(2,507)	0	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	5,851	(4,399)	174
Interest Rate Swap
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, before tax	0	9,739	3,336
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax	0	(2,340)	(713)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	$ 0	$ 7,399	$ 2,623

Income Taxes - Components of In

Income Taxes - Components of Income Tax Expense Benefit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments:
Domestic	$ (461,897)	$ 952,799	$ (186,077)
Foreign	708,635	1,480,645	319,695
Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments	246,738	2,433,444	133,618
Current income tax expense (benefit):
Federal	(54,250)	33,230	11,722
State	(3,395)	4,965	694
Foreign	387,045	259,054	55,530
Total	329,400	297,249	67,946
Deferred income tax expense (benefit):
Federal	(8,545)	84,054	(38,413)
State	(4,154)	(3,511)	(5,544)
Foreign	113,576	12,796	5,457
Total	100,877	93,339	(38,500)
Total income tax expense	$ 430,277	$ 390,588	$ 29,446

Income Taxes - Significant Diff

Income Taxes - Significant Differences Between U.S. Federal Statutory Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal statutory rate	21%	21%	21%
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit	(2.80%)	0%	(3.50%)
Change in valuation allowance	98.80%	(3.90%)	33.70%
Impact of foreign earnings, net	7.70%	(0.10%)	(40.50%)
Global intangible low tax inclusion	4.20%	0.30%	12.30%
Foreign-derived intangible income	0%	(3.00%)	0%
Section 162(m) limitation	4.40%	0.30%	4.50%
Subpart F income	(1.90%)	0.20%	4.80%
Stock-based compensation	(3.90%)	(0.30%)	(7.20%)
Depletion	(2.40%)	(0.20%)	(2.90%)
U.S. federal return to provision	(0.061)	(0.004)	(0.017)
Revaluation of unrecognized tax benefits/reserve requirements	39.10%	2.30%	3%
Legal accrual	18.60%	0%	0%
Other items, net	(2.30%)	(0.10%)	(1.50%)
Effective income tax rate	174.40%	16.10%	22%

Income Taxes - Significant Di_2

Income Taxes - Significant Differences Between U.S. Federal Statutory Rate and Effective Income Tax Rate Footnote (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule Of Effective Tax Rates Line Items
Income tax expense	$ 430,277	$ 390,588	$ 29,446
Foreign income tax rate differential	(7.70%)	0.10%	40.50%
Expense related to uncertain tax position	$ 96,500
Settlement for legacy Rockwood legal matter	$ 218,500
Germany \| Foreign Country
Schedule Of Effective Tax Rates Line Items
Income tax expense			$ 27,900
Jordan Bromine Company Limited
Schedule Of Effective Tax Rates Line Items
Foreign income tax rate differential	20.10%	3.20%	34.60%
Change in valuation allowance, change in expected profitability
Schedule Of Effective Tax Rates Line Items
Change in valuation allowance	$ 223,000	$ 91,800	$ 6,000

Income Taxes - Deferred Income

Income Taxes - Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities Recorded on Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued employee benefits	$ 31,917	$ 20,060
Operating loss carryovers	1,316,916	1,157,841
Pensions	23,527	26,229
Inventory reserves	83,136	3,600
Tax credit carryovers	1,431	3,750
Other	103,517	118,733
Gross deferred tax assets	1,560,444	1,330,213
Valuation allowance	(1,349,924)	(1,087,505)	$ (1,276,305)	$ (1,326,204)
Deferred tax assets	210,520	242,708
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation	(541,245)	(446,942)
Intangibles	(54,413)	(84,690)
Other	(150,859)	(145,412)
Deferred tax liabilities	(746,517)	(677,044)
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net	(535,997)	(434,336)
Noncurrent deferred tax assets	22,433	46,434
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities	(558,430)	(480,770)
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Net	$ 535,997	$ 434,336

Income Taxes - Changes in Balan

Income Taxes - Changes in Balance of Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ (1,087,505)	$ (1,276,305)	$ (1,326,204)
Additions	(262,469)	(5,810)	(61,470)
Deductions	50	194,610	111,369
Ending Balance	$ (1,349,924)	$ (1,087,505)	$ (1,276,305)

Income Taxes - Reconciliation o

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Total Gross Liability Related to Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 72,162	$ 20,717	$ 11,639
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	6,216	1,673	75
Reductions for tax positions related to prior years	0	0	(6)
Additions for tax positions related to current year	101,179	50,531	10,911
Lapses in statutes of limitations/settlements	(770)	(995)	(1,931)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(2)	236	29
Ending Balance	$ 178,785	$ 72,162	$ 20,717

Income Taxes - Additional Infor

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax credit carryovers	$ 1,431	$ 3,750
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset	1,349,924	1,087,505	$ 1,276,305	$ 1,326,204
Cumulative undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	11,100,000
Liabilities related to uncertain tax position	220,555	83,670
Unrecognized tax benefits, income tax penalties and interest accrued	42,000	11,500
Assets offsetting unrecognized tax benefits	73,000	32,400
Unrecognized tax benefits net of offsetting assets	105,600	39,800
Unrecognized tax benefits	178,785	$ 72,162	$ 20,717	$ 11,639
Decrease in liability related to uncertain tax positions	400
Domestic Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax credit carryovers	1,400
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset	100
Net operating loss carryovers	355,500
Operating loss carryover, valuation allowance	13,800
Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset	265,500
Net operating loss carryovers	5,200,000
Operating loss carryover, valuation allowance	5,100,000
State and Local Jurisdiction
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Valuation allowance on deferred tax asset	250,900
Tax Year 2028 \| Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryovers	643,500
2035 \| Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryovers	2,700,000
Indefinite Life \| Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryovers	1,600,000
Tax Year 2036 \| Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryovers	215,100
Tax Year 2038 \| Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryovers	14,300
Tax Year 2037 \| Foreign Country
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryovers	$ 19,700

Fair Value of Financial Instr_3

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Total long-term debt, excluding debt issuance costs	$ 4,186,532	$ 3,239,853
Total long-term debt, fair value, excluding debt issuance costs	$ 4,021,693	$ 2,993,027

Fair Value of Financial Instr_4

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Foreign currency forward contracts, assets	$ 17,829	$ 6,016
Foreign currency forward contracts, liabilities	5,752	3,244
Forward Contracts \| Other, net
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Cash receipts	218,000
Cash settlements		(44,400)	$ (2,400)
Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	994,500	64,500
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, asset	15,193	0
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, liabilities	446	3,159
Recognized gains of foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedging instruments	8,493	(4,398)	174
Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts \| Other current assets
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedging instruments, asset	3,489	0
Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts \| Other assets
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedging instruments, asset	11,704	0
Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts \| Accrued expenses
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, liabilities	446	3,159
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	7,100,000	2,800,000
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, asset	2,636	6,016
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, liabilities	5,306	85
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts \| Other current assets
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, asset	2,636
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts \| Accrued expenses
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair value foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments, liabilities	5,306	85
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument \| Forward Contracts \| Other expenses, net
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]
Recognized (losses) gains of foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments	$ 213,378	$ (41,088)	$ 1,068

Fair Value Measurement - Financ

Fair Value Measurement - Financial Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	$ 289,307	$ 260,139
Investments under executive deferred compensation plan	33,564	27,270
Private equity securities	168,928	5,890
Private equity securities measured at net asset value	4,536	6,375
Foreign currency forward contracts, assets	17,829	6,016
Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan	33,564	27,270
Foreign currency forward contracts, liabilities	5,752	3,244
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	260,139	246,517
Accretion of discount	5,306	12,735
PIK dividends	19,307	0
Change in fair value	4,554	887
Ending balance	289,306	260,139
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	0	0
Investments under executive deferred compensation plan	33,564	27,270
Private equity securities	168,928	5,890
Private equity securities measured at net asset value	0	0
Foreign currency forward contracts, assets	0	0
Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan	33,564	27,270
Foreign currency forward contracts, liabilities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	0	0
Investments under executive deferred compensation plan	0	0
Private equity securities	0	0
Private equity securities measured at net asset value	0	0
Foreign currency forward contracts, assets	17,829	6,016
Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan	0	0
Foreign currency forward contracts, liabilities	5,752	3,244
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	289,307	260,139
Investments under executive deferred compensation plan	0	0
Private equity securities	0	0
Private equity securities measured at net asset value	0	0
Foreign currency forward contracts, assets	0	0
Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan	0	0
Foreign currency forward contracts, liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net sales		$ 9,617,203	$ 7,320,104	$ 3,327,957
Cost of goods sold	[1]	8,431,294	4,245,517	2,329,986
Other accounts receivable		509,097	185,819
Unconsolidated Affiliates
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net sales		35,676	51,906	19,441
Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates		3,652,784	1,920,476	213,077
Other accounts receivable		15,992	21,495
Accounts payable to third parties		550,186	518,377
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cost of goods sold		2,300,000	656,700	$ 156,300
Accounts payable to third parties		$ 550,186	$ 518,377

[1] Included purchases from related unconsolidated affiliates of $2.3 billion, $656.7 million and $156.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Segment and Geographic Area I_3

Segment and Geographic Area Information - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	3

Segment and Geographic Area I_4

Segment and Geographic Area Information - Summarized Financial Information by Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 9,617,203	$ 7,320,104	$ 3,327,957
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	(429,944)	(300,841)	(254,000)
Interest and Debt Expense	(116,072)	(122,973)	(61,476)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(430,277)	(390,588)	(29,446)
(Gain) loss on change in interest in properties/sale of business, net	71,190	(8,400)	295,971
Acquisition and integration related costs	(26,767)	(16,259)	(12,670)
Goodwill impairment	(6,765)	0	0
Non-operating pension and OPEB items	7,971	57,032	78,814
Mark-to-market (loss) gain on public equity securities	(44,732)	4,319	0
Legal Accrual	(218,510)	0	(657,412)
Albemarle Foundation contribution	0	0	(20,000)
Indemnification adjustments	0	0	(39,381)
Other	1,097	(8,331)	(47,702)
Net income attributable to joint venture	1,573,476	2,689,816	123,672
Reportable Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	9,617,203	7,320,104	3,252,862
Adjusted EBITDA	2,809,771	3,588,310	947,161
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	(421,132)	(294,860)	(241,541)
Reportable Segments \| Energy Storage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	7,078,998	4,660,945	1,067,430
Adjusted EBITDA	2,407,393	3,032,260	371,384
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	(258,436)	(175,738)	(123,295)
Goodwill impairment	0
Reportable Segments \| Specialties
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,482,425	1,759,587	1,424,197
Adjusted EBITDA	298,506	527,318	468,836
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	(86,673)	(67,705)	(66,658)
Goodwill impairment	0
Reportable Segments \| Ketjen
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	1,055,780	899,572	761,235
Adjusted EBITDA	103,872	28,732	106,941
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	(76,023)	(51,417)	(51,588)
Goodwill impairment	(6,765)
All Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0	75,095
Adjusted EBITDA	0	0	29,858
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	0	0	(1,870)
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	(43,486)	(112,453)	(106,045)
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	$ (8,812)	$ (5,981)	$ (10,589)

Segment and Geographic Area I_5

Segment and Geographic Area Information - Summarized Financial Information by Reportable Segments (Footnote) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Oct. 28, 2021	Oct. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Loss on early extinguishment of debt			$ 0	$ 19,219	$ 28,955
Interest and financing expenses			116,072	122,973	61,476
Anticipated Cost Overruns Expense				8,400	132,400
Gain on sales of businesses, net			71,190	(8,400)	295,971
Income tax expense			430,277	390,588	29,446
Legal Accrual			(218,510)	0	(657,412)
Additions and changes in estimates			2,541	(673)	(4,063)
Asset Retirement Obligation, Liabilities Incurred			$ 11,288	2,919
Litigation settlement, expense	$ 665,000
Multiemployer plan contributions					1,500
Germany \| Foreign Country
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Income tax expense					27,900
Expected cash obligation					11,500
Fine Chemistry Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gain on sales of businesses, net					428,400
Lithium Hydroxide Conversion Assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Ownership percentage		40%	40%
Revision of Prior Period, Error Correction, Adjustment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Interest and financing expenses				(17,500)
Interest Expense
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Loss on early extinguishment of debt			$ 19,200	29,000
Cost of goods sold
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Legal Accrual			(15,100)
Additions and changes in estimates			4,100
Retention Payment Expense				2,700
Litigation settlement, expense				500
Expense Relating to a Legal Matter					10,500
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Additions and changes in estimates			(1,900)	(2,800)	(3,800)
Severance Costs			9,500
Other Restructuring Costs			2,300	4,300	3,200
Various expenses			1,800
Retention Payment Expense				1,900
Gain on sale of property				(4,300)
Legal Fees					11,500
Non-routine Chilean labor costs					9,800
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment					4,000
Selling, general and administrative expenses \| Financial Improvement Plan
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Multiemployer plan contributions			400	2,800	1,300
Other expenses, net
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Additions and changes in estimates				(2,000)
Preferred equity gain			19,300
Insurance Proceeds			7,300
Gain on Sale of Investments			5,500
Asset Retirement Obligation, Liabilities Incurred			3,600		$ 4,800
Revision of Tax Indemnification Expense, (Gain) Loss			$ 900	3,200
Reversal of Divestiture Liability				3,000
Proceeds from Legal Settlements				$ 600

Segment and Geographic Area I_6

Segment and Geographic Area Information - Identifiable Assets by Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Identifiable Assets	$ 18,270,652	$ 15,456,522	$ 10,974,118
Reportable Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Identifiable Assets	16,298,462	13,083,014	9,765,659
Reportable Segments \| Energy Storage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Identifiable Assets	13,246,412	10,471,949	7,272,029
Reportable Segments \| Specialties
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Identifiable Assets	1,696,307	1,396,583	1,344,038
Reportable Segments \| Ketjen
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Identifiable Assets	1,355,743	1,214,482	1,149,592
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Identifiable Assets	$ 1,972,190	$ 2,373,508	$ 1,208,459

Segment and Geographic Area I_7

Segment and Geographic Area Information - Depreciation and Amortization and Capital Expenditures by Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 429,944	$ 300,841	$ 254,000
Capital expenditures	2,149,281	1,261,646	953,667
Reportable Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	421,132	294,860	241,541
Capital expenditures	2,098,989	1,230,387	933,151
Reportable Segments \| Energy Storage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	258,436	175,738	123,295
Capital expenditures	1,752,440	980,410	791,645
Reportable Segments \| Specialties
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	86,673	67,705	66,658
Capital expenditures	214,039	183,658	92,194
Reportable Segments \| Ketjen
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	76,023	51,417	51,588
Capital expenditures	132,510	66,319	49,312
All Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	1,870
Capital expenditures	0	0	2,339
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	8,812	5,981	10,589
Capital expenditures	$ 50,292	$ 31,259	$ 18,177

Segment and Geographic Area I_8

Segment and Geographic Area Information - Net Sales by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 9,617,203	$ 7,320,104	$ 3,327,957
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	930,838	888,612	730,738
Foreign
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 8,686,365	$ 6,431,492	$ 2,597,219
Korea
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percent of total net sales	32%	22%	11%
China
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percent of total net sales	30%	33%	18%
Japan
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Percent of total net sales	15%	15%	14%

Segment and Geographic Area I_9

Segment and Geographic Area Information - Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 10,350,851	$ 7,794,993	$ 6,502,834
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	1,912,243	1,371,347	1,040,252
Australia
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	4,610,963	3,253,069	2,736,590
Chile
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	2,258,619	2,057,270	1,923,821
China
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	819,119	438,090	139,537
Jordan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	292,870	267,612	262,392
Netherlands
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	186,963	167,264	177,405
Germany
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	91,979	77,845	80,956
France
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	56,876	52,894	49,740
Brazil
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	33,730	31,855	29,474
Other foreign countries
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 87,489	$ 77,747	$ 62,667