Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | NOTE 3: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Classes of loans are summarized as follows: (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2021 June 30, 2020 Real Estate Loans: Residential $ 721,216 $ 627,357 Construction 208,824 185,924 Commercial 889,793 887,419 Consumer loans 77,674 80,767 Commercial loans 414,124 468,448 2,311,631 2,249,915 Loans in process (74,540) (78,452) Deferred loan fees, net (3,625) (4,395) Allowance for loan losses (33,222) (25,139) Total loans $ 2,200,244 $ 2,141,929 The Company’s lending activities consist of origination of loans secured by mortgages on one- to four-family residences and commercial and agricultural real estate, construction loans on residential and commercial properties, commercial and agricultural business loans and consumer loans. At June 30, 2021, the Bank had purchased participations in 23 loans totaling $83.0 million, as compared to 23 loans totaling $58.2 million at June 30, 2020. Residential Mortgage Lending. The Company also originates loans secured by multi-family residential properties that are often located outside the Company’s primary lending area but made to borrowers who operate within our primary market area. The majority of the multi-family residential loans that are originated by the Company are amortized over periods generally up to 25 years, with balloon maturities typically up to ten years. Both fixed and adjustable interest rates are offered and it is typical for the Company to include an interest rate “floor” and “ceiling” in the loan agreement. Generally, multi-family residential loans do not exceed 85% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. General risks related to multi-family residential lending include rental demand and supply, rental rates, and vacancies, as well as collateral values and borrower leverage. Commercial Real Estate Lending. million in commercial real estate loans are secured by properties located outside our primary lending area. Risks to owner-occupied commercial real estate lending generally include the continued profitable operation of the borrower’s enterprise, as well as general collateral values, and may be heightened by unique, specific uses of the property serving as collateral. Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate lending risks include tenant demand and performance, lease rates, and vacancies, as well as collateral values and borrower leverage. These factors may be influenced by general economic conditions in the region, or in the United States generally. Risks to lending on farmland include unique factors such as commodity prices, yields, input costs, and weather, as well as farmland values. Most commercial real estate loans originated by the Company generally are based on amortization schedules of up to 25 years with monthly principal and interest payments. Generally, the interest rate received on these loans is fixed for a maturity for up to ten years, with a balloon payment due at maturity. Alternatively, for some loans, the interest rate adjusts at least annually after an initial period up to seven years. The Company typically includes an interest rate “floor” in the loan agreement. Generally, improved commercial real estate loan amounts do not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or the purchase price of the secured property. Agricultural real estate terms offered differ slightly, with amortization schedules of up to 25 years with an 80% loan-to-value ratio, or 30 years with a 75% loan-to-value ratio. Construction Lending. six 12 While the Company typically utilizes relatively short maturity periods to closely monitor the inherent risks associated with construction loans for these loans, weather conditions, change orders, availability of materials and/or labor, and other factors may contribute to the lengthening of a project, thus necessitating the need to renew the construction loan at the balloon maturity. Such extensions are typically executed in incremental three month periods to facilitate project completion. The Company’s average term of construction loans is approximately eight months. During construction, loans typically require monthly interest only payments which may allow the Company an opportunity to monitor for early signs of financial difficulty should the borrower fail to make a required monthly payment. Additionally, during the construction phase, the Company typically performs interim inspections which further allow the Company opportunity to assess risk. At June 30, 2021, construction loans outstanding included 48 loans, totaling $28.5 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. At June 30, 2020, construction loans outstanding included 77 loans, totaling $48.8 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. In general, these modifications were solely for the purpose of extending the maturity date due to conditions described above, pursuant to the Company’s normal underwriting and monitoring procedures. As these modifications were not executed due to financial difficulty on the part of the borrower, they were not accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs); nor were they made pursuant to exemptions provided under the CARES Act. Under the CARES Act, financial institutions have the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Loans modified under the CARES Act did not include any construction loans with drawn balances at June 30, 2021. Consumer Lending Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are secured with a deed of trust and are issued up to 100% of the appraised or assessed value of the property securing the line of credit, less the outstanding balance on the first mortgage and are typically issued for a term of ten years. Interest rates on the HELOCs are generally adjustable. Interest rates are based upon the loan-to-value ratio of the property with better rates given to borrowers with more equity. Risks related to HELOC lending generally include the stability of borrower income and collateral values. Automobile loans originated by the Company include both direct loans and a smaller amount of loans originated by auto dealers. The Company generally pays a negotiated fee back to the dealer for indirect loans. Typically, automobile loans are made for terms of up to 60 months for new and used vehicles. Loans secured by automobiles have fixed rates and are generally made in amounts up to 100% of the purchase price of the vehicle. Risks to automobile and other consumer lending generally include the stability of borrower income and borrower willingness to repay. Commercial Business Lending Allowance for Credit Losses ● economic conditions and projections as provided by Moody’s Analytics, including baseline and downside scenarios were utilized in the Company’s estimate at June 30, 2021. Economic factors considered in the projections included national and state levels of unemployment, and national and state rates of inflation-adjusted growth in the gross domestic product. Economic conditions are considered to be a moderate and declining risk factor; ● the pace of growth of the Company’s loan portfolio, exclusive of acquisitions or government guaranteed loans, relative to overall economic growth. This measure remains elevated, but continued to moderate in the most recent quarter, and is considered to be a moderate and declining risk factor; ● levels and trends for loan delinquencies nationally and in the region. This measure as reported remains relatively stable, but management considered the potential that the measure remains under-reported due to the availability of modifications under the CARES Act. The level of uncertainty about loan delinquencies is considered to be diminishing. This is considered to be an elevated but declining risk factor; ● exposure to the hotel industry, in particular, metropolitan area hotels more impacted by activity restrictions and a lack of business or convention-related travel. This is considered to be an elevated and stable risk factor. Management considered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its consumer and business borrowers, particularly those business borrowers most affected by efforts to contain the pandemic, including our borrowers in the retail and multi-tenant retail industry, restaurants, and hotels, when making qualitative factor adjustments. To date, various relief efforts, notably including the availability of forgivable Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans to borrowers and deferrals or modifications available as encouraged by banking regulatory authorities and the CARES Act, have resulted in limited impact on the Company’s credit quality indicators, as is true of the industry generally. It is possible that the ongoing adverse effects of the pandemic may not be offset by future relief efforts, which could cause the outlook for economic conditions and levels and trends of past-due loans to significantly worsen, and require additions to the ACL. The following tables present the balance in the ACL and the recorded investment in loans (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on portfolio segment as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, and activity in the ACL and ALLL for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019: (dollars in thousands) Residential Construction Commercial June 30, 2021 Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 4,875 $ 2,010 $ 12,132 $ 1,182 $ 4,940 $ 25,139 Impact of CECL adoption 3,521 (121) 3,856 1,065 1,012 9,333 Provision (benefit) charged to expense 2,973 281 (1,364) (1,232) (1,260) (602) Losses charged off (180) — (90) (146) (318) (734) Recoveries 3 — 1 47 35 86 Balance, end of period $ 11,192 $ 2,170 $ 14,535 $ 916 $ 4,409 $ 33,222 (dollars in thousands) Residential Construction Commercial June 30, 2020 Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 3,706 $ 1,365 $ 9,399 $ 1,046 $ 4,387 $ 19,903 Provision charged to expense 1,529 645 2,730 300 798 6,002 Losses charged off (379) — (12) (189) (273) (853) Recoveries 19 — 15 25 28 87 Balance, end of period $ 4,875 $ 2,010 $ 12,132 $ 1,182 $ 4,940 $ 25,139 Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 4,875 $ 2,010 $ 12,132 $ 1,182 $ 4,940 $ 25,139 Ending Balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Loans: Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 626,085 $ 106,194 $ 872,716 $ 80,767 $ 463,902 $ 2,149,664 Ending Balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality $ 1,272 $ 1,278 $ 14,703 $ — $ 4,546 $ 21,799 (dollars in thousands) Residential Construction Commercial June 30, 2019 Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 3,226 $ 1,097 $ 8,793 $ 902 $ 4,196 $ 18,214 Provision charged to expense 487 268 765 231 281 2,032 Losses charged off (30) — (164) (103) (92) (389) Recoveries 23 — 5 16 2 46 Balance, end of period $ 3,706 $ 1,365 $ 9,399 $ 1,046 $ 4,387 $ 19,903 The following table presents the balance in the Allowance for off-balance credit exposure based on portfolio segment as of June 30, 2021, and activity in allowance for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021: (dollars in thousands) Residential Construction Commercial June 30, 2021 Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: Balance, beginning of period $ 19 $ 769 $ 172 $ 153 $ 846 $ 1,959 Impact of CECL adoption 35 (167) 95 197 108 268 Provision (benefit) charged to expense (17) (100) (79) (132) (94) (422) Balance, end of period $ 37 $ 502 $ 188 $ 218 $ 860 $ 1,805 Included in the Company’s loan portfolio are certain loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, which are considered purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) loans. Prior to the July 1, 2020 adoption of ASU 2016-13, these loans were accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality, and were described as purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans. Under ASC 310-30, these loans were written down at acquisition to an amount estimated to be collectible, and, unless there was further deterioration following the acquisition, an ALLL was not recognized for these loans. As a result, certain historical ratios regarding the Company’s loan portfolio and credit quality cannot be used to compare the Company to peer companies or to compare the Company’s credit quality over time. The ratios particularly affected by accounting under ASC 310-30 include the allowance as a percentage of loans, nonaccrual loans, and nonperforming assets, and nonaccrual loans and nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans. For more information about the transition from PCI to PCD status of the Company’s acquired loans, see Note 2: Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Loans Credit Quality Indicators Watch Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass A periodic review of selected credits (based on loan size and type) is conducted to identify loans with heightened risk or probable losses and to assign risk grades. The primary responsibility for this review rests with loan administration personnel. This review is supplemented with periodic examinations of both selected credits and the credit review process by the Company’s internal audit function and applicable regulatory agencies. The information from these reviews assists management in the timely identification of problems and potential problems and provides a basis for deciding whether the credit continues to share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated loan pools, or whether credit losses for the loan should be evaluated on an individual loan basis. The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and year of origination as of June 30, 2021. This table includes PCD loans, which are reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification: (dollars in thousands) Revolving June 30, 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior loans Total Residential Real Estate Pass $ 361,876 $ 175,772 $ 43,576 $ 32,929 $ 23,267 $ 71,592 $ 5,557 $ 714,569 Watch 328 70 410 — 89 809 — 1,706 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 4,288 89 — 92 — 472 — 4,941 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Residential Real Estate $ 366,492 $ 175,931 $ 43,986 $ 33,021 $ 23,356 $ 72,873 $ 5,557 $ 721,216 Construction Real Estate Pass $ 88,371 $ 45,866 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 134,237 Watch — — — — — — — — Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 47 — — — — — — 47 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Construction Real Estate $ 88,418 $ 45,866 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 134,284 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 351,732 $ 147,670 $ 104,746 $ 75,967 $ 70,927 $ 61,194 $ 23,699 $ 835,935 Watch 4,456 2,365 9,502 1,377 726 10 810 19,246 Special Mention — 8,806 — 1,793 12,826 — 300 23,725 Substandard 8,191 1,137 505 31 5 99 69 10,037 Doubtful — — 850 — — — — 850 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 364,379 $ 159,978 $ 115,603 $ 79,168 $ 84,484 $ 61,303 $ 24,878 $ 889,793 Consumer Pass $ 23,858 $ 8,626 $ 3,597 $ 1,126 $ 534 $ 650 $ 39,071 $ 77,462 Watch 80 — — — — — 48 128 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 30 30 — 24 84 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Consumer $ 23,938 $ 8,626 $ 3,597 $ 1,156 $ 564 $ 650 $ 39,143 $ 77,674 Commercial Pass $ 189,280 $ 42,549 $ 17,960 $ 5,591 $ 7,265 $ 9,120 $ 136,603 $ 408,368 Watch 1,551 262 1,323 22 — — 463 3,621 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 594 81 305 — 176 — 979 2,135 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Commercial $ 191,425 $ 42,892 $ 19,588 $ 5,613 $ 7,441 $ 9,120 $ 138,045 $ 414,124 Total Loans Pass $ 1,015,117 $ 420,483 $ 169,879 $ 115,613 $ 101,993 $ 142,556 $ 204,930 $ 2,170,571 Watch 6,415 2,697 11,235 1,399 815 819 1,321 24,701 Special Mention — 8,806 — 1,793 12,826 — 300 23,725 Substandard 13,120 1,307 810 153 211 571 1,072 17,244 Doubtful — — 850 — — — — 850 Total $ 1,034,652 $ 433,293 $ 182,774 $ 118,958 $ 115,845 $ 143,946 $ 207,623 $ 2,237,091 At June 30, 2021, PCD loans comprised $3.2 million of credits rated “Pass”; $9.0 million of credits rated “Watch”; none rated “Special Mention”; $2.7 million of credits rated “Substandard”; and none rated “Doubtful”. The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and payment activity as of June 30, 2020. This table includes PCI loans, which were reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification: (dollars in thousands) Residential Construction Commercial June 30, 2020 Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Pass $ 620,004 $ 103,105 $ 829,276 $ 80,517 $ 457,385 Watch 1,900 4,367 45,262 45 4,708 Special Mention — — 403 25 — Substandard 5,453 — 11,590 180 6,355 Doubtful — — 888 — — Total $ 627,357 $ 107,472 $ 887,419 $ 80,767 $ 468,448 At June 30, 2020, PCI loans comprised $5.9 million of credits rated “Pass”; $10.3 million of credits rated “Watch”, none rated “Special Mention”, $5.6 million of credits rated “Substandard” and none rated “Doubtful”. Past Due Loans. Greater Than Greater Than 90 (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Days Past Due June 30, 2021 Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Receivable and Accruing Real Estate Loans: Residential $ 312 $ 364 $ 613 $ 1,289 $ 719,927 $ 721,216 $ — Construction — — 30 30 134,254 134,284 — Commercial 363 — 374 737 889,056 889,793 — Consumer loans 195 66 84 345 77,329 77,674 — Commercial loans 368 939 110 1,417 412,707 414,124 — Total loans $ 1,238 $ 1,369 $ 1,211 $ 3,818 $ 2,233,273 $ 2,237,091 $ — Greater Than Greater Than 90 (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Days Past Due June 30, 2020 Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Receivable and Accruing Real Estate Loans: Residential $ 772 $ 378 $ 654 $ 1,804 $ 625,553 $ 627,357 $ — Construction — — — — 107,472 107,472 — Commercial 641 327 1,073 2,041 885,378 887,419 — Consumer loans 180 53 193 426 80,341 80,767 — Commercial loans 93 1,219 810 2,122 466,326 468,448 — Total loans $ 1,686 $ 1,977 $ 2,730 $ 6,393 $ 2,165,070 $ 2,171,463 $ — Under the CARES Act, financial institutions have the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Loans with such modifications in effect at June 30, 2021, included $23.9 million in loans reported as current in the above table, while none were past due. Loans with such modifications in effect at June 30, 2020, included $380.1 million in loans reported as current in the above table, while an additional $29,000 of consumer loans and $1,000 in residential real estate loans with such modifications were reported as 30-59 days past due, and $66,000 of commercial loans with such modifications were reported as 60-89 days past due at such date. At June 30, 2021 and 2020 there were no PCD or PCI loans that were greater than 90 days past due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not adversely classified or determined to not share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated pools of loans for determination of the ACL estimate. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Significant payment delays or shortfalls may lead to a determination that a loan should be individually evaluated for estimated credit losses. Collateral-dependent Loans. Amortized cost basis of loans determined to be Related allowance collateral dependent for credit losses (dollars in thousands) Residential real estate loans 1- to 4-family residential loans $ 895 $ 223 Total loans $ 895 $ 223 Impairment The table below presents impaired loans (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) as of June 30, 2020. The table includes PCI loans at June 30, 2020 for which it was deemed probable, at acquisition, that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. In an instance where, subsequent to the acquisition, the Company determined it was probable, for a specific loan, that cash flows received would exceed the amount previously expected, the Company will recalculate the amount of accretable yield in order to recognize the improved cash flow expectation as additional interest income over the remaining life of the loan. These loans, however, continued to be reported as impaired loans. In an instance where, subsequent to the acquisition, the Company determined it was probable, for a specific loan, that cash flows received would be less than the amount previously expected, the Company would allocate a specific allowance under the terms of ASC 310-10-35. (dollars in thousands) Recorded Unpaid Principal Specific June 30, 2020 Balance Balance Allowance Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ 3,811 $ 4,047 $ — Construction real estate 1,278 1,312 — Commercial real estate 19,271 23,676 — Consumer loans — — — Commercial loans 5,040 6,065 — Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Residential real estate $ — $ — $ — Construction real estate — — — Commercial real estate — — — Consumer loans — — — Commercial loans — — — Total: Residential real estate $ 3,811 $ 4,047 $ — Construction real estate $ 1,278 $ 1,312 $ — Commercial real estate $ 19,271 $ 23,676 $ — Consumer loans $ — $ — $ — Commercial loans $ 5,040 $ 6,065 $ — At June 30, 2020, PCI loans comprised $21.8 million of impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance. The following tables present information regarding interest income recognized on impaired loans: Fiscal 2020 Average Investment in Interest Income (dollars in thousands) Impaired Loans Recognized Residential Real Estate $ 1,440 $ 89 Construction Real Estate 1,295 134 Commercial Real Estate 16,175 1,276 Consumer Loans — — Commercial Loans 5,597 419 Total Loans $ 24,507 $ 1,918 Fiscal 2019 Average Investment in Interest Income (dollars in thousands) Impaired Loans Recognized Residential Real Estate $ 2,081 $ 112 Construction Real Estate 1,297 246 Commercial Real Estate 14,547 1,570 Consumer Loans — — Commercial Loans 4,212 926 Total Loans $ 22,137 $ 2,854 Interest income on impaired loans recognized on a cash basis in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was immaterial. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the amount of interest income recorded for impaired loans that represents a change in the present value of future cash flows attributable to the passage of time was approximately $236,000, and $1.3 million, respectively. Nonaccrual Loans June 30, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Residential real estate $ 3,235 $ 4,010 Construction real estate 30 — Commercial real estate 1,914 3,106 Consumer loans 100 196 Commercial loans 589 1,345 Total loans $ 5,868 $ 8,657 At June 30, 2021, there were no nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for which no ACL was recorded. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans in the periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, was immaterial. Troubled Debt Restructurings During fiscal 2021, there were three loans modified as TDRs totaling $894,000 . During fiscal 2020, there were no loans modified as TDRs. Performing loans classified as TDRs at June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020 segregated by class, are shown in the table below. Nonperforming TDRs are shown in nonaccrual loans. June 30, 2021 June 30, 2020 Number of Recorded Number of Recorded (dollars in thousands) modifications Investment modifications Investment Residential real estate 1 $ 895 3 $ 791 Construction real estate — — — — Commercial real estate 4 949 10 4,544 Consumer loans — — — — Commercial loans 7 1,397 7 3,245 Total 12 $ 3,241 20 $ 8,580 Real Estate Foreclosures . The Company may obtain physical possession of real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan or home equity loan via foreclosure or in-substance repossession. As of June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the carrying value of foreclosed residential real estate properties as a result of obtaining physical possession was $622,000 and $563,000, respectively. In addition, as of June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the Company had residential mortgage loans and home equity loans with a carrying value of $533,000 and $435,000, respectively, collateralized by residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process. Following is a summary of loans to executive officers, directors, significant shareholders and their affiliates held by the Company at June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively: June 30, (dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Beginning Balance $ 8,603 $ 9,132 Additions 8,474 5,179 Repayments (6,453) (5,708) Ending Balance $ 10,624 $ 8,603 |