Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Classes of loans are summarized as follows: (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 June 30, 2022 Real Estate Loans: Residential $ 1,029,793 $ 904,160 Construction 365,398 258,072 Commercial 1,246,447 1,146,673 Consumer loans 103,756 92,996 Commercial loans 460,220 441,598 3,205,614 2,843,499 Loans in process (210,250) (123,656) Deferred loan fees, net (345) (453) Allowance for credit losses (37,483) (33,192) Total loans $ 2,957,536 $ 2,686,198 The Company’s lending activities consist of origination of loans secured by mortgages on one- to four-family residences and commercial and agricultural real estate, construction loans on residential and commercial properties, commercial and agricultural business loans and consumer loans. At December 31, 2022 the Bank had purchased participations in 38 loans totaling $63.6 million, as compared to 31 loans totaling $70.0 million at June 30, 2022. Residential Mortgage Lending. The Company also originates loans secured by multi-family residential properties that are often located outside the Company’s primary lending area but made to borrowers who operate within our primary lending area. The majority of the multi-family residential loans that are originated by the Company are amortized over periods generally up to 25 years, with balloon maturities typically up to ten years. Both fixed and adjustable interest rates are offered and it is typical for the Company to include an interest rate “floor” and “ceiling” in the loan agreement. Generally, multi-family residential loans do not exceed 85% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. General risks related to multi-family residential lending include rental demand and supply, rental rates, and vacancies, as well as collateral values and borrower leverage. Commercial Real Estate Lending. Most commercial real estate loans originated by the Company generally are based on amortization schedules of up to 25 years with monthly principal and interest payments. Generally, the interest rate received on these loans is fixed for a maturity of up to ten years, with a balloon payment due at maturity. Alternatively, for some loans, the interest rate adjusts at least annually after an initial period up to seven years. The Company typically includes an interest rate “floor” in the loan agreement. Generally, improved commercial real estate loan amounts do not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or the purchase price of the secured property. Agricultural real estate terms offered differ slightly, with amortization schedules of up to 25 years with an 80% loan-to-value ratio, or 30 years with a 75% loan-to-value ratio. Construction Lending. six While the Company typically utilizes relatively short maturity periods to closely monitor the inherent risks associated with construction loans for these loans, weather conditions, change orders, availability of materials and/or labor, and other factors may contribute to the lengthening of a project, thus necessitating the need to renew the construction loan at the balloon maturity. Such extensions are typically executed in incremental three month periods to facilitate project completion. The Company’s average term of construction loans is approximately 12 months. During construction, loans typically require monthly interest-only payments which may allow the Company an opportunity to monitor for early signs of financial difficulty should the borrower fail to make a required monthly payment. Additionally, during the construction phase, the Company typically performs interim inspections which further allow the Company opportunity to assess risk. At December 31, 2022, construction loans outstanding included 58 loans, totaling $35.5 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. At June 30, 2022, construction loans outstanding included 57 loans, totaling $13.8 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. In general, these modifications were solely for the purpose of extending the maturity date due to conditions described above, pursuant to the Company’s normal underwriting and monitoring procedures. As these modifications were not executed due to financial difficulty on the part of the borrower, they were not accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). Consumer Lending Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are secured with a deed of trust and are issued up to 100% of the appraised or assessed value of the property securing the line of credit, less the outstanding balance on the first mortgage and are typically issued for a term of ten years. Interest rates on the HELOCs are generally adjustable. Interest rates are based upon the loan-to-value ratio of the property with better rates given to borrowers with more equity. Risks related to HELOC lending generally include the stability of borrower income and collateral values. Automobile loans originated by the Company include both direct loans and a smaller amount of loans originated by auto dealers. The Company generally pays a negotiated fee back to the dealer for indirect loans. Typically, automobile loans are made for terms of up to 66 months for new and used vehicles. Loans secured by automobiles have fixed rates and are generally made in amounts up to 100% of the purchase price of the vehicle. Risks to automobile and other consumer lending generally include the stability of borrower income and borrower willingness to repay. Commercial Business Lending Allowance for Credit Losses. in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Increased provisioning in the three- month period ended December 31, 2022, was attributed primarily to increased allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure during the quarter, while increased provisioning in the six-month period was attributable primarily to loan growth. The Company has estimated its expected credit losses as of December 31, 2022, under ASC 326-20, and management believes the ACL as of that date was adequate based on that estimate. There remains, however, significant uncertainty as economic activity recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic and the Federal Reserve withdraws accommodative monetary policy that was put into effect to respond to the pandemic and its economic impact. Management continues to closely monitor borrowers most affected by mitigation efforts, most notably including our borrowers in the hotel industry. Projections for GDP growth and unemployment, key drivers in the Company’s ACL model, have weakened. As a percentage of average loans outstanding, the Company recorded net charge offs of two basis points (annualized) during the first six months of fiscal 2023, compared to less than one basis point (annualized) during the same period of the prior fiscal year. Specifically, management considered the following: ● economic conditions and projections as provided by Moody’s Analytics, including baseline and downside scenarios, were utilized in the Company’s estimate at December 31, 2022. Economic factors considered in the projections included national and state levels of unemployment, and national and state rates of inflation-adjusted growth in the gross domestic product. Economic conditions are considered to be a moderate and increasing risk factor, relative to June 30, 2022; ● the pace of growth of the Company’s loan portfolio, exclusive of acquisitions or government guaranteed loans, relative to overall economic growth. This measure is considered to be a moderate and increasing risk factor; ● levels and trends for loan delinquencies nationally and in the region. This measure as reported remains relatively stable, and the level of uncertainty about loan delinquencies is considered to be diminishing. This is considered to be a moderate and declining risk factor; ● exposure to the hotel industry, in particular, metropolitan area hotels which were negatively impacted by activity restrictions and a lack of business or convention-related travel. This is considered to be an elevated and stable risk factor. PCD Loans. The fair value of acquired loans recorded at the time of acquisition is based upon several factors, including the timing and payment of expected cash flows, as adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayments, and then discounting these cash flows using comparable market rates. The resulting fair value adjustment is recorded in the form of a premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of the respective loans. As it relates to acquired loans that, as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination (“PCD”), the net premium or net discount is adjusted to reflect the Company’s allowance for credit losses recorded for PCD loans at the time of acquisition, and the remaining fair value adjustment is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. As it relates to loans not classified as PCD (“non-PCD”) loans, the credit loss and yield components of their fair value adjustment are aggregated, and the resulting net premium or net discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. The Company records an ACL for non-PCD loans at the time of acquisition through provision expense, and therefore, no further adjustments are made to the net premium or net discount for non-PCD loans. Loans that the Company acquired from Fortune, that at the time of acquisition had more-than-insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination, are classified as PCD loans and presented in the table below at acquisition carrying value: (dollars in thousands) February 25, 2022 PCD Loans: Purchase price of PCD loans at acquisition $ 15,055 Allowance for credit losses at acquisition (120) Fair value of PCD loans at acquisition $ 14,935 The following tables present the balance in the ACL based on portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and activity in the ACL for the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: At period end and for the six months ended December 31, 2022 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 8,908 $ 2,220 $ 16,838 $ 710 $ 4,516 $ 33,192 Provision charged to expense 3,592 534 213 118 158 4,615 Losses charged off (2) — (245) (76) (17) (340) Recoveries 1 — — 9 6 16 Balance, end of period $ 12,499 $ 2,754 $ 16,806 $ 761 $ 4,663 $ 37,483 At period end and for the three months ended December 31, 2022 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 11,937 $ 2,503 $ 17,886 $ 693 $ 4,399 $ 37,418 Provision (benefit) charged to expense 562 251 (835) 106 281 365 Losses charged off — — (245) (41) (17) (303) Recoveries — — — 3 — 3 Balance, end of period $ 12,499 $ 2,754 $ 16,806 $ 761 $ 4,663 $ 37,483 At period end and for the six months ended December 31, 2021 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 11,192 $ 2,170 $ 14,535 $ 916 $ 4,409 $ 33,222 Provision (benefit) charged to expense (404) (44) 192 (112) (311) (679) Losses charged off (32) — — (25) (11) (68) Recoveries 1 — — 51 2 54 Balance, end of period $ 10,757 $ 2,126 $ 14,727 $ 830 $ 4,089 $ 32,529 At period end and for the three months ended December 31, 2021 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of period $ 10,634 $ 2,045 $ 14,883 $ 873 $ 4,108 $ 32,543 Provision (benefit) charged to expense 123 81 (156) (40) (8) — Losses charged off — — — (13) (11) (24) Recoveries — — — 10 — 10 Balance, end of period $ 10,757 $ 2,126 $ 14,727 $ 830 $ 4,089 $ 32,529 The following tables present the balance in the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure based on portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and activity in the allowance for the three- and six- month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: At period end and for the six months ended December 31, 2022 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: Balance, beginning of period $ 58 $ 2,178 $ 421 $ 61 $ 640 $ 3,358 Provision (benefit) charged to expense 12 1,451 59 (5) 62 1,579 Balance, end of period $ 70 $ 3,629 $ 480 $ 56 $ 702 $ 4,937 At period end and for the three months ended December 31, 2022 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: Balance, beginning of period $ 193 $ 2,897 $ 528 $ 61 $ 485 $ 4,164 Provision (benefit) charged to expense (123) 732 (48) (5) 217 773 Balance, end of period $ 70 $ 3,629 $ 480 $ 56 $ 702 $ 4,937 At period end and for the six months ended December 31, 2021 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: Balance, beginning of period $ 37 $ 502 $ 188 $ 218 $ 860 $ 1,805 Provision (benefit) charged to expense (3) 1,171 (18) (160) (616) 374 Balance, end of period $ 34 $ 1,673 $ 170 $ 58 $ 244 $ 2,179 At period end and for the three months ended December 31, 2021 Residential Construction Commercial (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Real Estate Real Estate Consumer Commercial Total Allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure: Balance, beginning of period $ 34 $ 1,673 $ 170 $ 58 $ 244 $ 2,179 Provision (benefit) charged to expense — — — — — — Balance, end of period $ 34 $ 1,673 $ 170 $ 58 $ 244 $ 2,179 Credit Quality Indicators Watch Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass A periodic review of selected credits (based on loan size and type) is conducted to identify loans with heightened risk or probable losses and to assign risk grades. The primary responsibility for this review rests with loan administration personnel. This review is supplemented with periodic examinations of both selected credits and the credit review process by the Company’s internal audit function and applicable regulatory agencies. The information from these reviews assists management in the timely identification of problems and potential problems and provides a basis for deciding whether the credit continues to share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated loan pools, or whether credit losses for the loan should be evaluated on an individual loan basis. The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and fiscal year of origination as of December 31, 2022. This table includes PCD loans, which are reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification: (dollars in thousands) Revolving December 31, 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior loans Total Residential Real Estate Pass $ 219,153 $ 341,034 $ 262,113 $ 110,057 $ 16,329 $ 69,239 $ 5,602 $ 1,023,527 Watch — 338 467 2,348 120 28 49 3,350 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 848 329 544 489 268 438 — 2,916 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Residential Real Estate $ 220,001 $ 341,701 $ 263,124 $ 112,894 $ 16,717 $ 69,705 $ 5,651 $ 1,029,793 Construction Real Estate Pass $ 69,674 $ 65,207 $ 17,427 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,840 $ 155,148 Watch — — — — — — — — Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Construction Real Estate $ 69,674 $ 65,207 $ 17,427 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,840 $ 155,148 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 209,157 $ 450,360 $ 262,027 $ 86,418 $ 61,274 $ 95,839 $ 27,775 $ 1,192,850 Watch 6,525 7,309 167 4,378 — 2,014 720 21,113 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 888 30,977 — 3 12 89 515 32,484 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Real Estate $ 216,570 $ 488,646 $ 262,194 $ 90,799 $ 61,286 $ 97,942 $ 29,010 $ 1,246,447 Consumer Pass $ 19,088 $ 20,649 $ 7,613 $ 2,421 $ 985 $ 1,320 $ 51,433 $ 103,509 Watch 56 — 66 12 — — — 134 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 14 59 9 — 31 — 113 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Consumer $ 19,144 $ 20,663 $ 7,738 $ 2,442 $ 985 $ 1,351 $ 51,433 $ 103,756 Commercial Pass $ 71,947 $ 84,200 $ 74,375 $ 12,712 $ 8,560 $ 9,020 $ 192,625 $ 453,439 Watch 688 1,412 115 76 6 — 2,421 4,718 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 172 1,332 39 — 31 — 489 2,063 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Commercial $ 72,807 $ 86,944 $ 74,529 $ 12,788 $ 8,597 $ 9,020 $ 195,535 $ 460,220 Total Loans Pass $ 589,019 $ 961,450 $ 623,555 $ 211,608 $ 87,148 $ 175,418 $ 280,275 $ 2,928,473 Watch 7,269 9,059 815 6,814 126 2,042 3,190 29,315 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 1,908 32,652 642 501 311 558 1,004 37,576 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 598,196 $ 1,003,161 $ 625,012 $ 218,923 $ 87,585 $ 178,018 $ 284,469 $ 2,995,364 At December 31, 2022, PCD loans comprised The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and fiscal year of origination as of June 30, 2022. This table includes PCD loans, which were reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification: (dollars in thousands) Revolving June 30, 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior loans Total Residential Real Estate Pass $ 380,502 $ 295,260 $ 118,464 $ 19,383 $ 22,143 $ 58,545 $ 6,074 $ 900,371 Watch 44 242 1,083 56 — 30 — 1,455 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 266 918 87 440 18 605 — 2,334 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Residential Real Estate $ 380,812 $ 296,420 $ 119,634 $ 19,879 $ 22,161 $ 59,180 $ 6,074 $ 904,160 Construction Real Estate Pass $ 100,114 $ 34,082 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 220 $ 134,416 Watch — — — — — — — — Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Construction Real Estate $ 100,114 $ 34,082 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 220 $ 134,416 Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 487,486 $ 284,736 $ 105,893 $ 71,380 $ 51,804 $ 78,115 $ 23,669 $ 1,103,083 Watch 4,763 769 1,818 — 668 2,000 548 10,566 Special Mention 9,297 — — — — — — 9,297 Substandard 22,086 481 140 13 22 93 65 22,900 Doubtful 827 — — — — — — 827 Total Commercial Real Estate $ 524,459 $ 285,986 $ 107,851 $ 71,393 $ 52,494 $ 80,208 $ 24,282 $ 1,146,673 Consumer Pass $ 28,519 $ 10,989 $ 3,662 $ 1,524 $ 916 $ 676 $ 46,521 $ 92,807 Watch 21 71 — — — — — 92 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 23 6 4 — 10 31 23 97 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Consumer $ 28,563 $ 11,066 $ 3,666 $ 1,524 $ 926 $ 707 $ 46,544 $ 92,996 Commercial Pass $ 111,370 $ 93,906 $ 20,795 $ 10,496 $ 3,253 $ 7,612 $ 190,235 $ 437,667 Watch 1,319 194 38 6 — 186 1,206 2,949 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 295 11 — 186 — 167 323 982 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total Commercial $ 112,984 $ 94,111 $ 20,833 $ 10,688 $ 3,253 $ 7,965 $ 191,764 $ 441,598 Total Loans Pass $ 1,107,991 $ 718,973 $ 248,814 $ 102,783 $ 78,116 $ 144,948 $ 266,719 $ 2,668,344 Watch 6,147 1,276 2,939 62 668 2,216 1,754 15,062 Special Mention 9,297 — — — — — — 9,297 Substandard 22,670 1,416 231 639 50 896 411 26,313 Doubtful 827 — — — — — — 827 Total $ 1,146,932 $ 721,665 $ 251,984 $ 103,484 $ 78,834 $ 148,060 $ 268,884 $ 2,719,843 At June 30, 2022, PCD loans comprised $23.1 million of credits rated “Pass”; $4.7 million of credits rated “Watch”, none rated “Special Mention”, $1.1 million of credits rated “Substandard” and none rated “Doubtful”. Past-due Loans December 31, 2022 Greater Than Greater Than 90 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Days Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Receivable and Accruing (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans: Residential $ 1,727 $ 862 $ 868 $ 3,457 $ 1,026,336 $ 1,029,793 $ 331 Construction — — — — 155,148 155,148 — Commercial 1,868 1,075 198 3,141 1,243,306 1,246,447 — Consumer loans 693 130 257 1,080 102,676 103,756 — Commercial loans 189 731 253 1,173 459,047 460,220 — Total loans $ 4,477 $ 2,798 $ 1,576 $ 8,851 $ 2,986,513 $ 2,995,364 $ 331 June 30, 2022 Greater Than Greater Than 90 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Total Total Loans Days Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Current Receivable and Accruing (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans: Residential $ 1,402 $ — $ 1,064 $ 2,466 $ 901,694 $ 904,160 $ — Construction — — — — 134,416 134,416 — Commercial 416 615 288 1,319 1,145,354 1,146,673 — Consumer loans 340 45 57 442 92,554 92,996 — Commercial loans 274 72 13 359 441,239 441,598 — Total loans $ 2,432 $ 732 $ 1,422 $ 4,586 $ 2,715,257 $ 2,719,843 $ — At December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 there were no PCD loans that were greater than 90 days past due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not adversely classified or determined to not share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated pools of loans for determination of the ACL estimate. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Significant payment delays or shortfalls may lead to a determination that a loan should be individually evaluated for estimated credit losses. Collateral Dependent Loans. December 31, 2022 Amortized cost basis of loans determined to be Related allowance (dollars in thousands) collateral dependent for credit losses Residential real estate loans 1- to 4-family residential loans $ 848 $ 176 Total loans $ 848 $ 176 June 30, 2022 Amortized cost basis of loans determined to be Related allowance (dollars in thousands) collateral dependent for credit losses Residential real estate loans 1- to 4-family residential loans $ 864 $ 193 Total loans $ 864 $ 193 Nonaccrual Loans (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 June 30, 2022 Residential real estate $ 1,771 $ 1,647 Construction real estate — — Commercial real estate 1,706 2,259 Consumer loans 257 73 Commercial loans 725 139 Total loans $ 4,459 $ 4,118 At December 31, 2022, there were no nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for which no ACL was recorded. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans in the three-and six- month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was immaterial. Troubled Debt Restructurings During the three- month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no loan modifications that were classified as TDRs. During the six- month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, certain loans modified were classified as TDRs. They are shown, segregated by class, in the tables below: For the six-month periods ended December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Number of Recorded Number of Recorded (dollars in thousands) modifications Investment modifications Investment Residential real estate — $ — 1 $ 151 Construction real estate — — — — Commercial real estate — — — — Consumer loans — — — — Commercial loans — — — — Total — $ — 1 $ 151 Performing loans classified as TDRs and outstanding at December 31, 2022, and June 30, 2022, segregated by class, are shown in the table below. Nonperforming TDRs are included in the nonaccrual loans table above. December 31, 2022 June 30, 2022 Number of Recorded Number of Recorded (dollars in thousands) modifications Investment modifications Investment Residential real estate 10 $ 3,337 11 $ 3,625 Construction real estate — — — — Commercial real estate 8 24,681 8 25,132 Consumer loans — — — — Commercial loans 6 2,232 8 1,849 Total 24 $ 30,250 27 $ 30,606 Residential Real Estate Foreclosures |