Olympic Steel (ZEUS) 10-Q 2021 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to ____________

Commission File Number 0-23320

OLYMPIC STEEL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio	34-1245650
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
22901 Millcreek Boulevard, Suite 650, Highland Hills, OH	44122
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (216) 292-3800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, without par value	ZEUS	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class	Outstanding as of August 6, 2021
Common stock, without par value	11,077,322

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Index to Form 10-Q

	Page No.
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements	3
Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (unaudited)	3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	5
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information – for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	6
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited)	7
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	32
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION	33
Item 6. Exhibits	34
SIGNATURES	35

2

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands)

	As of
	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
	(unaudited)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,636		$	5,533
Accounts receivable, net		264,451			151,601
Inventories, net (includes LIFO credit of $2,885 and LIFO debit of $2,115 as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)		373,277			240,001
Prepaid expenses and other		10,295			5,069
Total current assets		659,659			402,204
Property and equipment, at cost		434,506			434,579
Accumulated depreciation		(282,487	)		(277,379	)
Net property and equipment		152,019			157,200
Goodwill		5,234			5,123
Intangible assets, net		31,666			32,593
Other long-term assets		15,587			18,131
Right of use assets, net		23,524			25,354
Total assets	$	887,689		$	640,605
Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	154,390		$	87,291
Accrued payroll		24,913			10,985
Other accrued liabilities		31,542			22,869
Current portion of lease liabilities		5,525			5,580
Total current liabilities		216,370			126,725
Credit facility revolver		268,975			160,609
Other long-term liabilities		17,305			22,478
Deferred income taxes		12,968			9,818
Lease liabilities		18,251			19,965
Total liabilities		533,869			339,595
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock		0			0
Common stock		132,916			132,382
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,153	)		(4,215	)
Retained earnings		224,057			172,843
Total shareholders' equity		353,820			301,010
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	887,689		$	640,605

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

3

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30,

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net sales	$	556,077		$	248,296		$	1,019,201		$	602,676
Costs and expenses
Cost of materials sold (excludes items shown separately below)		428,704			196,237			783,368			478,759
Warehouse and processing		26,539			19,626			49,945			42,702
Administrative and general		26,463			17,011			49,517			36,070
Distribution		14,099			9,618			27,662			21,907
Selling		9,787			5,923			18,253			12,733
Occupancy		2,776			2,439			5,922			5,099
Depreciation		4,664			4,559			9,314			9,075
Amortization		608			368			1,194			765
Total costs and expenses		513,640			255,781			945,175			607,110
Operating income (loss)		42,437			(7,485	)		74,026			(4,434	)
Other income (loss), net		1			(26	)		(9	)		(43	)
Income (loss) before interest and income taxes		42,438			(7,511	)		74,017			(4,477	)
Interest and other expense on debt		2,017			1,891			3,671			4,130
Income (loss) before income taxes		40,421			(9,402	)		70,346			(8,607	)
Income tax provision (benefit)		10,772			(2,948	)		18,689			(2,746	)
Net income (loss)	$	29,649		$	(6,454	)	$	51,657		$	(5,861	)
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedge		462			(74	)		1,417			(3,471	)
Tax effect on cash flow hedge		(115	)		19			(354	)		868
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	29,996		$	(6,509	)	$	52,720		$	(8,464	)
Earnings per share:
Net income (loss) per share - basic	$	2.58		$	(0.56	)	$	4.50		$	(0.51	)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		11,492			11,446			11,491			11,445
Net income (loss) per share - diluted	$	2.58		$	(0.56	)	$	4.49		$	(0.51	)
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		11,504			11,446			11,501			11,445
Dividends declared per share of common stock	$	0.02		$	0.02		$	0.04		$	0.04

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

4

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

(in thousands)

	2021			2020
Cash flows from (used for) operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	51,657		$	(5,861	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from (used for) operating activities -
Depreciation and amortization		10,912			10,056
(Gain) loss on disposition of property and equipment		0			2,127
Stock-based compensation		534			636
Other long-term assets		5,169			(2,531	)
Other long-term liabilities		(1,792	)		186
		66,480			4,613
Changes in working capital:
Accounts receivable		(112,850	)		3,954
Inventories		(133,276	)		3,810
Prepaid expenses and other		(5,176	)		(1,819	)
Accounts payable		66,181			2,086
Change in outstanding checks		918			(5,605	)
Accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities		21,979			(3,527	)
		(162,224	)		(1,101	)
Net cash from (used for) operating activities		(95,744	)		3,512
Cash flows from (used for) investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(4,579	)		(6,183	)
Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment		23			600
Net cash used for investing activities		(4,556	)		(5,583	)
Cash flows from (used for) financing activities:
Credit facility revolver borrowings		313,167			185,592
Credit facility revolver repayments		(204,801	)		(181,571	)
Principal payment under capital lease obligation		(353	)		0
Credit facility fees and expenses		(1,167	)		0
Repurchase of common stock		0			(145	)
Dividends paid		(443	)		(442	)
Net cash from financing activities		106,403			3,434
Cash and cash equivalents:
Net change		6,103			1,363
Beginning balance		5,533			5,742
Ending balance	$	11,636		$	7,105

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

5

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

(in thousands)

	2021		2020
	(unaudited)
Interest paid	$	3,240	$	3,959
Income taxes paid	$	10,578	$	67

The Company incurred financing lease obligations of $1.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020. There were no new financing lease obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2021. This non-cash transaction has been excluded from the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

6

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
			Accumulated
			Other
	Common		Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock		Loss			Earnings			Equity
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	132,644	$	(3,499	)	$	194,630		$	323,775
Net income		0		0			29,649			29,649
Payment of dividends		0		0			(222	)		(222	)
Stock-based compensation		272		0			0			272
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		0		347			0			347
Other		0		(1	)		0			(1	)
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	132,916	$	(3,153	)	$	224,057		$	353,820

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
			Accumulated
			Other
	Common		Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock		Loss			Earnings			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	132,382	$	(4,215	)	$	172,843		$	301,010
Net income		0		0			51,657			51,657
Payment of dividends		0		0			(443	)		(443	)
Stock-based compensation		534		0			0			534
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		0		1,063			0			1,063
Other		0		(1	)		0			(1	)
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	132,916	$	(3,153	)	$	224,057		$	353,820

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
							Accumulated
							Other
	Common			Treasury			Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock			Stock			Loss			Earnings			Equity
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	132,006		$	(480	)	$	(4,829	)	$	179,695		$	306,392
Net loss		0			0			0			(6,454	)		(6,454	)
Payment of dividends		0			0			0			(222	)		(222	)
Stock-based compensation		277			0			0			0			277
Restricted stock units converted to stock		(480	)		480			0			0			0
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		0			0			(55	)		0			(55	)
Other		0			0			(1	)		1			0
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	131,803		$	0		$	(4,885	)	$	173,020		$	299,938

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
							Accumulated
							Other
	Common			Treasury			Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock			Stock			Loss			Earnings			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	131,647		$	(335	)	$	(2,281	)	$	179,321		$	308,352
Net loss		0			0			0			(5,861	)		(5,861	)
Payment of dividends		0			0			0			(442	)		(442	)
Stock-based compensation		636			0			0			0			636
Restricted stock units converted to stock		(480	)		480			0			0			0
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		0			0			(2,603	)		0			(2,603	)
Repurchase of common stock		0			(145	)		0			0			(145	)
Other		0			0			(1	)		2			1
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	131,803		$	0		$	(4,885	)	$	173,020		$	299,938

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

7

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2021

1. Basis of Presentation:

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the financial records of Olympic Steel, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, Olympic or the Company), without audit and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly state the results of the interim periods covered by this report. Year-to-date results are not necessarily indicative of 2021 annual results and these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company operates in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat products, and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segments. Certain of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments, and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. Due to the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated between the specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology. The specialty metals flat products segment sells and distributes processed aluminum and stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts. Through the acquisition of Action Stainless & Alloys, Inc. (Action Stainless) on December 14, 2020, the specialty metals flat products segment expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe. Action Stainless offers a range of processing capabilities, including plasma, laser and waterjet cutting and computer numerical control (CNC) machining. The carbon flat products segment sells and distributes large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products, and fabricated parts. Through the acquisitions of McCullough Industries (McCullough) and certain assets related to the manufacturing of the EZ Dumper® hydraulic dump inserts (EZ Dumper) in 2019, the carbon flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include self-dumping metal hoppers and steel and stainless-steel dump inserts for pickup truck and service truck beds. The tubular and pipe products segment, which consists of the Chicago Tube and Iron subsidiary (CTI), distributes metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricates pressure parts supplied to various industrial markets.

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including payroll expenses for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization classified the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic. The Company is an essential business and remains open in all locations, adhering to all health guidelines to operate safely provided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and local authorities. The Company has implemented actions to maintain its financial health and liquidity. The Company continues to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. However, as a result of the many uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is unable to predict the impact that it ultimately will have on its financial condition, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

There were no recently issued accounting pronouncements that would have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Revenue Recognition:

The Company provides metals processing, distribution and delivery of large volumes of processed carbon, coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products, aluminum, and stainless flat-rolled products, prime tin mill products, flat bar products, metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves, fittings, and fabricated parts. The Company's contracts with customers are comprised of purchase orders with standard terms and conditions. Occasionally the Company may also have longer-term agreements with customers. Substantially all of the contracts with customers require the delivery of metals, which represent single performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time upon transfer of control of the product to the customer.

8

Transfer of control is assessed based on the use of the product distributed and rights to payment for performance under the contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue recognition for substantially all of the Company’s sales occur upon shipment or delivery of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer and is based on the applicable shipping terms. The shipping terms depend on the customer contract. An invoice for payment is issued at time of shipment and terms are generally net 30 days. The Company has certain fabrication contracts in one business unit for which revenue is recognized over time as performance obligations are achieved. This fabrication business is not material to the Company's consolidated results.

Within the metals industry, revenue is frequently disaggregated by products sold. The table below disaggregates the Company’s revenues by segment and products sold.

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Carbon flat products			Specialty metals flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Hot Rolled		29.6	%		0			0			29.6	%
Plate		11.5	%		0			0			11.5	%
Cold Rolled		7.1	%		0			0			7.1	%
Coated		8.4	%		0			0			8.4	%
Specialty		0			24.7	%		0			24.7	%
Tube		0			0			16.6	%		16.6	%
Other		2.0	%		0.1	%		0			2.1	%
Total		58.6	%		24.8	%		16.6	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Carbon flat products			Specialty metals flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Hot Rolled		28.9	%		0			0			28.9	%
Plate		10.2	%		0			0			10.2	%
Cold Rolled		6.7	%		0			0			6.7	%
Coated		8.6	%		0			0			8.6	%
Specialty		0			25.8	%		0			25.8	%
Tube		0			0			18.0	%		18.0	%
Other		1.7	%		0.1	%		0			1.8	%
Total		56.1	%		25.9	%		18.0	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Carbon flat products			Specialty metals flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Hot Rolled		31.0	%		0			0			31.0	%
Plate		11.7	%		0			0			11.7	%
Cold Rolled		5.5	%		0			0			5.5	%
Coated		7.4	%		0			0			7.4	%
Specialty		0			19.9	%		0			19.9	%
Tube		0			0			21.3	%		21.3	%
Other		1.2	%		2.0	%		0			3.2	%
Total		56.8	%		21.9	%		21.3	%		100.0	%

9

 

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Carbon flat products			Specialty metals flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Hot Rolled		30.4	%		0			0			30.4	%
Plate		11.7	%		0			0			11.7	%
Cold Rolled		5.5	%		0			0			5.5	%
Coated		8.1	%		0			0			8.1	%
Specialty		0			21.9	%		0			21.9	%
Tube		0			0			19.2	%		19.2	%
Other		1.4	%		1.8	%		0			3.2	%
Total		57.1	%		23.7	%		19.2	%		100.0	%

3. Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for credit losses and unissued credits of $4.4 million and $3.6 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered appropriate based on historical experience, specific customer collection issues that have been identified, current market conditions and estimates for supportable forecasts when appropriate. Estimations are based upon a calculated percentage of accounts receivable, and judgments about the probable effects of economic conditions on certain customers, which can fluctuate significantly from year to year. The Company cannot guarantee that the rate of future credit losses will be similar to past experience. The Company considers all available information when assessing the adequacy of its allowance for credit losses and unissued credits.

4. Inventories:

Inventories consisted of the following:

	Inventory as of
(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Unprocessed	$	300,693	$	194,614
Processed and finished		72,584		45,387
Totals	$	373,277	$	240,001

The Company values certain of its tubular and pipe products inventory at the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately $50.1 million, or 13.4% of consolidated inventory, and $50.3 million, or 21.0% of consolidated inventory, respectively, was reported under the LIFO method of accounting. The cost of the remainder of the tubular and pipe products inventory is determined using a weighted average rolling first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded $4.0 million and $5.0 million of LIFO expense, respectively, as current projections anticipate increased metals prices by December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded $0.5 million and $1.0 million of LIFO income, respectively.

If the FIFO method had been in use, inventories would have been $2.9 million higher and $2.1 million lower than reported at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets:

The Company’s intangible assets were recorded in connection with its acquisitions that occurred between 2011 and 2020. The intangible assets were evaluated on the premise of highest and best use to a market participant, primarily utilizing the income approach valuation methodology. The useful life of the customer relationships was determined to be fifteen years, based primarily on the consistent and predictable revenue source associated with the existing customer base, the present value of which extends through the fifteen-year amortization period. The useful life of the non-compete agreements was determined to be the length of the non-compete agreements, which range from one to five years. The useful life of the trade names was determined to be indefinite primarily due to their history and reputation in the marketplace, the Company’s expectation that the trade names will continue to be used, and the conclusion that there are currently no other factors identified that would limit their useful life. The Company will continue to evaluate the useful life assigned to its amortizable customer relationships and noncompete agreements in future periods.

10

Goodwill, by reportable unit, was as follows as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The change in goodwill during 2021 is related to adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation of the fair market values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for Action Stainless.

(in thousands)	Carbon Flat Products		Specialty Metals Flat Products		Tubular and Pipe Products		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	1,065	$	4,058	$	0	$	5,123
Acquisitions		0		111		0		111
Impairments		0		0		0		0
Balance as of June 30, 2021	$	1,065	$	4,169	$	0	$	5,234

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively:

	As of June 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	21,259	$	(9,812	)	$	11,447
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		259		(208	)		51
Trade name - not subject to amortization		20,168		-			20,168
	$	41,686	$	(10,020	)	$	31,666

	As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	21,442	$	(9,101	)	$	12,341
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		259		(186	)		73
Trade name - not subject to amortization		20,179		-			20,179
	$	41,880	$	(9,287	)	$	32,593

The Company estimates that amortization expense for its intangible assets subject to amortization will be approximately $1.5 million per year for the next two years and $1.4 million, $1.0 million and $0.5 million per year for the three years thereafter, respectively.

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6.  Leases:

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Operating lease cost	$	1,741	$	1,778	$	3,415	$	3,555
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	212	$	60	$	424	$	120
Interest on lease liabilities		26		12		53		26
Total finance lease cost	$	238	$	72	$	477	$	146

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cash paid for lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,711	$	1,750	$	3,356	$	3,509
Operating cash flows from finance leases		26		12		53		26
Financing cash flows from finance leases		203		58		405		115
Total cash paid for lease liabilities	$	1,940	$	1,820	$	3,814	$	3,650

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	June 30,			December 31,
(in thousands)	2021			2020
Operating Leases
Operating lease	$	36,819		$	36,060
Operating lease accumulated amortization		(13,294	)		(10,706	)
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net		23,525			25,354
Operating lease current liabilities		5,525			5,580
Operating lease liabilities		18,250			19,965
Total operating lease liabilities	$	23,775		$	25,545
Finance Leases
Finance lease	$	3,582		$	3,582
Finance lease accumulated depreciation		(757	)		(333	)
Finance lease, net		2,825			3,249
Finance lease current liabilities		828			815
Finance lease liabilities		2,035			2,453
Total finance lease liabilities	$	2,863		$	3,268
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in years)		6			7
Finance leases (in years)		4			6
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.74	%		3.76	%
Finance leases		3.50	%		3.80	%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

	Operating			Finance
(in thousands)	Leases			Leases
Year Ending December 31,
2021	$	3,304		$	456
2022		5,743			851
2023		4,628			578
2024		3,881			492
2025		2,577			325
Thereafter		6,602			388
Total future minimum lease payments	$	26,735		$	3,090
Less remaining imputed interest		(2,960	)		(227	)
Total	$	23,775		$	2,863

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7.  Debt:

The Company’s debt is comprised of the following components:

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Asset-based revolving credit facility due December 8, 2022	$	0	$	160,609
Asset-based revolving credit facility due June 16, 2026		268,975		0
Total debt	$	268,975	$	0

On June 16, 2021, the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “ABL Credit Facility”), which amended and extended the Company’s existing ABL Credit Facility. The $475 million ABL Credit Facility consists of: (i) a revolving credit facility of up to $445 million, including a $20 million sub-limit for letters of credit, and (ii) a first in, last out revolving credit facility of up to $30 million. Under the terms of the ABL Credit Facility, the Company may, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, request additional commitments under the revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $200 million to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional commitments, and add real estate as collateral at the Company’s discretion. The ABL Credit Facility matures on June 16, 2026.

The ABL Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and certain covenants that limit the ability of the Company to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; (iii) make investments; (iv) sell assets; (v) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from restricted subsidiaries to the Company; (vi) incur or suffer to exist liens securing indebtedness; (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of their assets; and (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit Facility contains a financial covenant which includes: (i) if any commitments or obligations are outstanding and the Company’s availability is less than the greater of $30 million or 10.0% of the aggregate amount of revolver commitments ($47.5 million at June 30, 2021) or 10.0% of the aggregate borrowing base ($47.5 million at June 30, 2021), then the Company must maintain a ratio of Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the most recent twelve fiscal month period.

The Company has the option to borrow under its revolver based on the agent’s base rate plus a premium ranging from 0.00% to 0.25% or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a premium ranging from 1.25% to 2.75%.

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. The interest rate hedge fixed the rate at 2.57%. Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, the Company anticipates performance by the counterparty.

As of June 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with its covenants and had approximately $202 million of availability under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, $1.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of bank financing fees were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other long-term assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The financing fees are being amortized over the five-year term of the ABL Credit Facility and are included in “Interest and other expense on debt” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

8. Derivative Instruments:

Metals swaps and embedded customer derivatives

During 2021 and 2020, the Company entered into nickel swaps indexed to the London Metal Exchange (LME) price of nickel with third-party brokers. The nickel swaps are accounted for as derivatives for accounting purposes. The Company entered into them to mitigate its customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals. The outstanding nickel swaps mature in 2021. The swaps are settled with the brokers at maturity. The economic benefit or loss arising from the changes in fair value of the swaps is contractually passed through to the customer. The primary risk associated with the metals swaps is the ability of customers or third-party brokers to honor their agreements with the Company related to derivative instruments. If the customer or third-party brokers are unable to honor their agreements, the Company’s risk of loss is the fair value of the metals swaps.

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These derivatives have not been designated as hedging instruments. The periodic changes in fair value of the metals and embedded customer derivative instruments are included in “Cost of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company recognizes derivative positions with both the customer and the third party for the derivatives and classifies cash settlement amounts associated with them as part of “Cost of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The cumulative change in fair value of the metals swaps that had not yet settled as of June 30, 2021 are included in “Accounts Receivable, net”, and the embedded customer derivatives are included in “Other accrued liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2021. There were no outstanding metals swaps or embedded customer derivatives as of December 31, 2020.

Fixed rate interest rate hedge

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. The interest rate hedge fixed the rate at 2.57%. The interest rate hedge is included in “Other long-term liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2021. Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, the Company anticipates performance by the counterparty.

The table below shows the total impact to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) through net income of the derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

	Net Gain (Loss) Recognized
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	(468	)	$	(394	)	$	(931	)	$	(596	)
Metals swaps		245			85			228			(27	)
Embedded customer derivatives		(245	)		(85	)		(228	)		27
Total loss	$	(468	)	$	(394	)	$	(931	)	$	(596	)

9. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities:

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, there were no transfers of financial assets between Levels 1, 2 or 3 fair value measurements. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at June 30, 2021 since December 31, 2020.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company:

	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of June 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Metal Swaps	$	0	$	131	$	0	$	131
Total assets at fair value	$	0	$	131	$	0	$	131
Liabilities:
Embedded customer derivative	$	0	$	131	$	0	$	131
Fixed interest rate hedge		0		4,204		0		4,204
Total liabilities recorded at fair value	$	0	$	4,335	$	0	$	4,335

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	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	0	$	5,620	$	0	$	5,620
Total liabilities recorded at fair value	$	0	$	5,620	$	0	$	5,620

The value of the items not recorded at fair value represent the carrying value of the liabilities.

The carrying value of the ABL Credit Facility was $269.0 million and $160.6 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As the ABL Credit Facility was amended on June 16, 2021, management believes that its carrying value approximates fair value.

10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss:

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. The interest rate hedge fixed the rate at 2.57%. The fair value of the interest rate hedge of $4.2 million, net of tax of $1.1 million is included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2021.

11. Equity Plans:

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Units

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Olympic Steel 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the Incentive Plan), the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units (RSUs), performance shares, and other stock- and cash-based awards to employees and directors of, and consultants to, the Company and its affiliates. Since adoption of the Incentive Plan, 1,400,000 shares of common stock have been authorized for equity grants.

On an annual basis, the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors awards RSUs, to each non-employee director as part of their annual compensation. The annual awards for 2021 and 2020 per director were $80,000. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan and the RSU agreement, the RSUs vest after one year of service (from the date of grant). The RSUs are not converted into shares of common stock until the director either resigns or is terminated from the board of directors.

Prior to 2021, under the Incentive Plan, each eligible participant was awarded RSUs with a dollar value equal to 10% of the participant’s base salary, up to an annual maximum of $17,500. The RSUs have a five-year vesting period and the RSUs will convert into the right to receive shares of common stock upon a participant’s retirement, or earlier upon the participant’s death or disability or upon a change in control of the Company. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 0 awards were granted in 2020.

Under the Incentive Plan, the Company awards RSUs to newly-appointed executive officers, based upon a percentage of their base salary. Upon Mr. Greiff’s promotion to President and Chief Operating Officer on January 1, 2020, he received 15,694 RSUs. The RSUs will vest five years from the grant date, or earlier upon death or disability or upon a change in control of the Company.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized on RSUs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, is summarized in the following table:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2021		2020
RSU expense before taxes	$	258	$	327	$	520	$	687
RSU expense after taxes	$	189	$	199	$	382	$	468

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All pre-tax charges related to RSUs were included in the caption “Administrative and general” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The following table summarizes the activity related to RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively:

	As of June 30, 2021					As of June 30, 2020
	Number of			Weighted Average		Number of			Weighted Average
	Shares			Granted Price		Shares			Granted Price
Outstanding at December 31		610,540		$	18.25		636,086		$	19.25
Granted		20,604			23.29		70,588			11.92
Converted into shares		(2,422	)		17.09		(94,161	)		20.27
Forfeited		(5,086	)		17.55		(494	)		27.31
Outstanding at June 30		623,636		$	18.43		612,019		$	18.25
Vested at June 30		414,090		$	18.76		375,692		$	18.94

12. Income Taxes:

For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $10.8 million, or 26.7%, compared to an income tax benefit of $2.9 million, or 31.4%, for the three months ended June 30, 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $18.7 million, or 26.6%, compared to an income tax benefit of $2.7 million, or 31.9%, for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the tax provision or benefit for the interim period is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter the Company updates the estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the uncertainty around forecasting an annual effective tax rate, the tax provision was recorded based on the actual effective tax rate including discrete items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

The quarterly tax provision and the quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate is subject to significant volatility due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting the Company’s pre-tax and taxable income and loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, changes in law and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, the effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on the effective tax rate is lower when the pre-tax income is higher.

13.  Shares Outstanding and Earnings Per Share:

Earnings per share have been calculated based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding as set forth below:

	For the Three Months Ended					For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,					June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020			2021		2020
Weighted average basic shares outstanding		11,492		11,446			11,491		11,445
Assumed exercise of stock options and issuance of stock awards		12		0			10		0
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		11,504		11,446			11,501		11,445
Net income (loss)	$	29,649	$	(6,454	)	$	51,657	$	(5,861	)
Basic earnings per share	$	2.58	$	(0.56	)	$	4.50	$	(0.51	)
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.58	$	(0.56	)	$	4.49	$	(0.51	)
Unvested RSUs		210		236			210		236

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14.   Stock Repurchase Program:

On October 2, 2015, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 550,000 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock, which could include open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated stock repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, all or some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Any of the repurchased shares are held in the Company’s treasury, or canceled and retired as the Board of Directors may determine from time to time. Any repurchases of common stock are subject to the covenants contained in the ABL Credit Facility. Under the ABL Credit Facility, the Company may repurchase common stock and pay dividends up to $5.0 million in the aggregate during any trailing twelve months without restrictions. Purchases of common stock or dividend payments in excess of $5.0 million in the aggregate require the Company to (i) maintain availability in excess of 20.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($95.0 million at June 30, 2021) or (ii) to maintain availability equal to or greater than 15.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($71.3 million at June 30, 2021) and the Company must maintain a pro-forma ratio of EBITDA minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00.

There were 0 shares repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. There were 0 shares repurchased during the three months ended June 30, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 15,000 shares for an aggregate cost of $145 thousand. As of June 30, 2021, 360,212 shares remain authorized for repurchase under the program.

15.   Segment Information:

The Company follows the accounting guidance that requires the utilization of a “management approach” to define and report the financial results of operating segments. The management approach defines operating segments along the lines used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) to assess performance and make operating and resource allocation decisions. The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based primarily on operating income (loss). The operating segments are based primarily on internal management reporting.

The Company operates in three reportable segments; specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products, and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segments, as certain of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment.

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

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The following table provides financial information by segment and reconciles the Company’s operating income by segment to the consolidated income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Net sales
Specialty metals flat products	$	138,035		$	54,495		$	264,354		$	142,983
Carbon flat products		325,511			140,811			571,884			343,778
Tubular and pipe products		92,531			52,990			182,963			115,915
Total net sales	$	556,077		$	248,296		$	1,019,201		$	602,676
Restructuring and other charges
Specialty metals flat products	$	0		$	27		$	0		$	27
Carbon flat products		0			3,559			0			3,559
Tubular and pipe products		0			0			0			0
Corporate		0			0			0			0
Total restructuring and other charges	$	0		$	3,586		$	0		$	3,586
Depreciation and amortization
Specialty metals flat products	$	901		$	447		$	1,804		$	944
Carbon flat products		2,949			3,070			5,872			6,080
Tubular and pipe products		1,404			1,368			2,796			2,732
Corporate		18			42			36			84
Total depreciation and amortization	$	5,272		$	4,927		$	10,508		$	9,840
Operating income (loss)
Specialty metals flat products	$	13,702		$	1,991		$	21,724		$	4,726
Carbon flat products		30,434			(9,428	)		51,633			(10,774	)
Tubular and pipe products		3,039			2,225			9,359			6,530
Corporate expenses		(4,738	)		(2,273	)		(8,690	)		(4,916	)
Total operating income (loss)	$	42,437		$	(7,485	)	$	74,026		$	(4,434	)
Other income (loss), net		1			(26	)		(9	)		(43	)
Income (loss) before interest and income taxes		42,438			(7,511	)		74,017			(4,477	)
Interest and other expense on debt		2,017			1,891			3,671			4,130
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	40,421		$	(9,402	)	$	70,346		$	(8,607	)

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Capital expenditures
Flat products segments	$	3,496	$	5,628
Tubular and pipe products		1,083		555
Corporate		0		0
Total capital expenditures	$	4,579	$	6,183

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thouands)	2021		2020
Assets
Flat products segments	$	640,826	$	404,269
Tubular and pipe products		246,185		235,516
Corporate		678		820
Total assets	$	887,689	$	640,605

There were no material revenue transactions between the specialty metals products, carbon flat products and tubular and pipe products segments.

The Company sells certain products internationally, primarily in Canada and Mexico. International sales are immaterial to the consolidated financial results and to the individual segments’ results.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained herein and our consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A (Risk Factors) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following section is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information, including our financial statements and the notes thereto, which appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Information

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, contain various forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our future performance, business, our beliefs and management’s assumptions. In addition, we, or others on our behalf, may make forward-looking statements in press releases or written statements, or in our communications and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of business through meetings, conferences, webcasts, phone calls and conference calls. Words such as “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “should,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “potential,” and “continue,” as well as the negative of these terms or similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those implied by such statements including, but not limited to:

● risks associated with supply chain disruption resulting from the imbalance of metal supply and end-user demands related to the novel corona virus, or COVID-19; increased customer demand without corresponding increase in metal supply could lead to an inability to meet customer demand and result in lower sales and profits;

● risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including, but not limited to customer closures, reduced sales and profit levels, slower payment of accounts receivable and potential increases in uncollectible accounts receivable, falling metals prices that could lead to lower of cost or net realizable value inventory adjustments and the impairment of intangible and long-lived assets, reduced availability and productivity of our employees, increased operational risks as a result of remote work arrangements, including the potential effects on internal controls, as well as cybersecurity risks and increased vulnerability to security breaches, information technology disruptions and other similar events, negative impacts on our liquidity position, inability to access our traditional financing sources on the same or reasonably similar terms as were available before the COVID-19 pandemic and increased costs associated with and less ability to access funds under our asset-based credit facility, or ABL Credit Facility, and the capital markets;

● risks of falling metals prices and inventory devaluation;

● supply disruptions and inflationary pressures, including the availability and rising costs of transportation and logistical services and labor;

● general and global business, economic, financial and political conditions, including legislation passed under the new administration;

● competitive factors such as the availability, and global pricing of metals and production levels, industry shipping and inventory levels and rapid fluctuations in customer demand and metals pricing;

● supplier consolidation or addition of additional capacity;

● customer, supplier and competitor consolidation, bankruptcy or insolvency;

● reduced production schedules, layoffs or work stoppages by our own, our suppliers’ or customers’ personnel;

● the levels of imported steel in the United States and the tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018 under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and imposed tariffs and duties on exported steel or other products, U.S. trade policy and its impact on the U.S. manufacturing industry;

● cyclicality and volatility within the metals industry;

● the adequacy of our efforts to mitigate cyber security risks and threats, especially with employees working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic;

● fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and the related impact on foreign steel pricing, U.S. exports, and foreign imports to the United States;

● the successes of our efforts and initiatives to improve working capital turnover and cash flows, and achieve cost savings;

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● our ability to generate free cash flow through operations and repay debt;

● the adequacy of our existing information technology and business system software, including duplication and security processes;

● the amounts, successes and our ability to continue our capital investments and strategic growth initiatives, including acquisitions and our business information system implementations;

● our ability to successfully integrate recent acquisitions into our business and risks inherent with the acquisitions in the achievement of expected results, including whether the acquisition will be accretive and within the expected timeframe;

● events or circumstances that could adversely impact the successful operation of our processing equipment and operations;

● rising interest rates and their impacts on our variable interest rate debt;

● the impacts of union organizing activities and the success of union contract renewals;

● changes in laws or regulations or the manner of their interpretation or enforcement could impact our financial performance and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies;

● events or circumstances that could impair or adversely impact the carrying value of any of our assets;

● risks and uncertainties associated with intangible assets, including impairment charges related to indefinite lived intangible assets;

● the timing and outcomes of inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments and last-in, first-out, or LIFO, income or expense;

● the inflation or deflation existing within the metals industry, as well as product mix and inventory levels on hand, which can impact our cost of materials sold as a result of the fluctuations in the LIFO inventory valuation;

● our ability to pay regular quarterly cash dividends and the amounts and timing of any future dividends;

● our ability to repurchase shares of our common stock and the amounts and timing of repurchases, if any; and

● unanticipated developments that could occur with respect to contingencies such as litigation, arbitration and environmental matters, including any developments that would require any increase in our costs for such contingencies.

Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, intended, expected, believed, estimated, projected or planned. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to republish revised forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances after the date hereof, except as otherwise required by law.

Overview

We are a leading metals service center that operates in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat products, and tubular and pipe products. We provide metals processing and distribution services for a wide range of customers. Our specialty metals flat products segment’s focus is on the direct sale and distribution of processed aluminum and stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products, prime tin mill products and fabricated parts. Through the acquisition of Action Stainless & Alloys, Inc., or Action Stainless, on December 14, 2020, our specialty metals flat products segment expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe. Action Stainless offers a range of processing, including plasma, laser and waterjet cutting and computer numerical control, or CNC, machining. Our carbon flat products segment’s focus is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts. Through the acquisitions of McCullough Industries, or McCullough, and the EZ Dumper® hydraulic dump inserts, or EZ Dumper, in 2019, our carbon flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include self-dumping metal hoppers and carbon and stainless-steel dump inserts for pickup truck and service truck beds. In addition, we distribute metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricate pressure parts supplied to various industrial markets through our tubular and pipe products segment. Products that require more value-added processing generally have a higher gross profit. Accordingly, our overall gross profit is affected by, among other things, product mix, the amount of processing performed, the demand for and availability of metals, and volatility in selling prices and material purchase costs. We also perform toll processing of customer-owned metals. We sell certain products internationally, primarily in Canada and Mexico. International sales are immaterial to our consolidated financial results and to the individual segments’ results.

Our results of operations are affected by numerous external factors including, but not limited to: general and global business, economic, financial, banking and political conditions; fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar to foreign currencies, competition; metals pricing, demand and availability; transportation and energy costs; pricing and availability of raw materials used in the production of metals; global supply, the level of metals imported into the United States, tariffs, and inventory held in the supply chain; the availability, and increased costs of labor; customers’ ability to manage their credit line availability; and layoffs or work stoppages by our own, our suppliers’ or our customers’ personnel. The metals industry also continues to be affected by the global consolidation of our suppliers, competitors and end-use customers.

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Like other metals service centers, we maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead times and just-in-time delivery requirements of our customers. Accordingly, we purchase metals in an effort to maintain our inventory at levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon customer forecasts, historic buying practices, supply agreements with customers and market conditions. Our commitments to purchase metals are generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders. From time to time, we have entered into nickel swaps at the request of our customers in order to mitigate our customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals, and we have entered into metals hedges to mitigate our risk of volatility in the price of metals. We have no long-term, fixed-price metals purchase contracts. When metals prices decline, customer demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices and, consequently, lower gross profits and earnings as we use existing metals inventory. When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how much of the price increase we can pass on to our customers. To the extent we are unable to pass on future price increases in our raw materials to our customers, the net sales and gross profits of our business could be adversely affected.

At June 30, 2021, we employed approximately 1,705 people. Approximately 264 of the hourly plant personnel at the facilities listed below are represented by nine separate collective bargaining units. The table below shows the expiration dates of the collective bargaining agreements.

Facility	Expiration date
Milan, Illinois	August 12, 2021
Minneapolis (plate), Minnesota	March 31, 2022
Detroit, Michigan	August 31, 2022
Hammond, Indiana	November 30, 2024
Locust, North Carolina	March 4, 2025
St. Paul, Minnesota	May 25, 2025
Romeoville, Illinois	May 31, 2025
Minneapolis (coil), Minnesota	September 30, 2025
Indianapolis, Indiana	January 29, 2026

We have never experienced a work stoppage and we believe that our relationship with employees is good. However, any prolonged work stoppages by our personnel represented by collective bargaining units could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Reportable Segments

We operate in three reportable segments; carbon flat products, specialty metals flat products and tubular and pipe products. The carbon flat products segment and the specialty metals flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segment. Some of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the carbon and specialty metals segments and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. As such, total assets and capital expenditures are reported in the aggregate for the flat products segments. Due to the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated between the carbon flat products segment and the specialty metals flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology.

We follow the accounting guidance that requires the utilization of a “management approach” to define and report the financial results of operating segments. The management approach defines operating segments along the lines used by the chief operating decision maker, or CODM, to assess performance and make operating and resource allocation decisions. Our CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based primarily on operating income. Our operating segments are based primarily on internal management reporting.

Due to the nature of the products sold in each segment, there are significant differences in the segments’ average selling price and the cost of materials sold. The tubular and pipe products segment generally has the highest average selling price among the three segments followed by the specialty metals flat products and carbon flat products segments. Due to the nature of the tubular and pipe products, we do not report tons sold or per ton information. Gross profit per ton is generally higher in the specialty metals flat products segment than the carbon flat products segment. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales is generally highest in the tubular and pipe products segment, followed by the carbon and specialty metals flat products segments. Due to the differences in average selling prices, gross profit and gross profit percentage among the segments, a change in the mix of sales could impact total net sales, gross profit, and gross profit percentage. In addition, certain inventory in the tubular and pipe products segment is valued under the LIFO method. Adjustments to the LIFO inventory value are recorded to cost of materials sold and may impact the gross margin and gross margin percentage at the consolidated Company and tubular and pipe products segment levels.

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Specialty metals flat products

The primary focus of our specialty metals flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of processed stainless and aluminum flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts. Through the acquisition of Action Stainless on December 14, 2020, our specialty metals flat products segment expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe. Through its acquisition of Berlin Metals, LLC, or Berlin Metals, on April 2, 2018, our specialty metals flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include differing types of stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil and prime tin mill products. We act as an intermediary between metals producers and manufacturers that require processed metals for their operations. We serve customers in various industries, including manufacturers of food service and commercial appliances, agriculture equipment, transportation and automotive equipment. We distribute these products primarily through a direct sales force.

Carbon flat products

The primary focus of our carbon flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts. We act as an intermediary between metals producers and manufacturers that require processed metals for their operations. We serve customers in most metals consuming industries, including manufacturers and fabricators of transportation and material handling equipment, construction and farm machinery, storage tanks, environmental and energy generation equipment, automobiles, military vehicles and equipment, as well as general and plate fabricators and metals service centers. We distribute these products primarily through a direct sales force.

Combined, the carbon and specialty metals flat products segments have 27 strategically-located processing and distribution facilities in the United States and one in Monterrey, Mexico. Many of our facilities service both the carbon and the specialty metals flat products segments, and certain assets and resources are shared by the segments. Our geographic footprint allows us to focus on regional customers and larger national and multi-national accounts, primarily located throughout the midwestern, eastern and southern United States.

Tubular and pipe products

The tubular and pipe products segment consists of the Chicago Tube and Iron, or CTI, business. Through our tubular and pipe products segment, we distribute metal tubing, pipe, bar, valve and fittings and fabricate pressure parts supplied to various industrial markets. Founded in 1914, CTI operates from eight locations in the Midwestern and southeastern United States. The tubular and pipe products segment distributes its products primarily through a direct sales force.

Corporate expenses

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

Results of Operations

Our results of operations are impacted by the market price of metals. Metals prices fluctuate significantly and changes to our net sales, cost of materials sold, gross profit, cost of inventory and profitability, are all impacted by industry metals pricing. Since August 2020, metals prices have continuously increased and metals pricing in the second quarter of 2021 reached record levels. Hot rolled coil index prices were 249% higher in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. The metals pricing gap between 2021 and 2020 increased in the second quarter as prices continued to increase in 2021 compared to the falling prices experienced in the second quarter of 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The increased industry metals pricing is primarily caused by disruptions in the domestic and global supply chain; increased raw material pricing; supply shortages, including increased lead times and delivery delays; increased transportation costs; and increased demand as the economy recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Transactional or “spot” selling prices generally move in tandem with market price changes, while fixed selling prices typically lag and reset quarterly. Similarly, inventory costs (and, therefore, cost of materials sold) tend to move slower than market selling price changes due to mill lead times and inventory turnover impacting the rate of change in average cost. When average selling prices increase, and net sales increase, gross profit and operating expenses as a percentage of net sales will generally decrease. During the second quarter and first six months of 2021, our sales volumes were negatively impacted by supply chain disruptions, which limited our spot sales; however, our net sales were positively impacted by the price increases experienced in the quarter, in particular for carbon flat products, which increased our profitability during the second quarter and first six months of 2021.

Consolidated Operations

The following table presents consolidated operating results for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,										For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021				2020						2021						2020
	$		% of net sales		$			% of net sales			$			% of net sales			$			% of net sales
Net sales	$	556,077		100.0	$	248,296			100.0		$	1,019,201			100.0		$	602,676			100.0
Cost of materials sold (a)		428,704		77.1		196,237			79.0			783,368			76.9			478,759			79.4
Gross profit (b)		127,373		22.9		52,059			21.0			235,833			23.1			123,917			20.6
Operating expenses (c)		84,936		15.3		59,544			24.0			161,807			15.9			128,351			21.3
Operating income (loss)		42,437		7.6		(7,485	)		(3.0	)		74,026			7.3			(4,434	)		(0.7	)
Other income (loss), net		1		0.0		(26	)		0.0			(9	)		(0.0	)		(43	)		(0.0	)
Interest and other expense on debt		2,017		0.4		1,891			0.8			3,671			0.4			4,130			0.7
Income (loss) before income taxes		40,421		7.3		(9,402	)		(3.8	)		70,346			6.9			(8,607	)		(1.4	)
Income taxes		10,772		1.9		(2,948	)		(1.2	)		18,689			1.8			(2,746	)		(0.5	)
Net income (loss)	$	29,649		5.3	$	(6,454	)		(2.6	)	$	51,657			5.1		$	(5,861	)		(1.0	)

(a)  Includes $4,000 and $5,000 of LIFO expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.  Includes $500 and $1,000 of LIFO income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. 

(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.  Operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 includes $3.6 million of restructuring and other charges.

Net sales increased 124.0% to $556.1 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $248.3 million in the second quarter of 2020. Specialty metals flat products net sales were 24.8% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 21.9% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2020. Carbon flat products net sales were 58.5% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 56.7% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2020. Tubular and pipe products net sales were 16.6% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 21.3% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in net sales was due to a consolidated 63.4% increase in average selling prices during the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020, and a 37.1% consolidated increase in volume.

Net sales increased 69.1% to $1.0 billion in the first six months of 2021 from $602.7 million in the first six months of 2020. Specialty metals flat products net sales were 25.9% of total net sales in the first six months of 2021 compared to 23.7% of total net sales in the first six months of 2020. Carbon flat products net sales were 56.1% of total net sales in the first six months of 2021 compared to 57.0% of total net sales in the first six months of 2020. Tubular and pipe products net sales were 18.0% of total net sales in the first six months of 2021 compared to 19.2% of total net sales in the first six months of 2020. The increase in net sales was due to a consolidated 47.4% increase in average selling prices during the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020, and a 14.8% consolidated increase in volume. We expect metals prices to remain elevated in the third quarter of 2021.

Cost of materials sold increased 118.5% to $428.7 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $196.2 million in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in cost of materials sold in the second quarter of 2021 is related to the increased metals pricing discussed above and increased sales volumes. Cost of materials sold increased 63.6% to $783.4 million in the first six months of 2021 from $478.8 million in the first six months of 2020. The increase in cost of materials sold in the second quarter and first six months of 2021 is related to the increased metals pricing discussed above in Results of Operations and increased sales volumes.

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As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased to 22.9% in the second quarter of 2021 from 21.0% in the second quarter of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased to 23.1% in the first six months of 2021 from 20.6% in the first six months of 2020. The increase in the gross profit as a percentage of net sales is due to the impact of the rapidly increasing average selling prices discussed above in Results of Operations, while the average costs of inventory did not increase as quickly as the average selling price.

Operating expenses in the second quarter of 2021 increased $25.4 million, or 42.6%, to $84.9 million from $59.5 million in the second quarter of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 15.3% for the second quarter of 2021 from 24.0% in the second quarter of 2020. Operating expenses in the specialty metals flat products segment increased $9.3 million, operating expenses in the carbon flat products segment decreased $9.8 million, operating expenses in the tubular and pipe products segment increased $3.8 million and Corporate expenses increased $2.5 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. Operating expenses increased during the second quarter of 2021, as a result of inflationary impacts on labor, transportation and other product support costs, increased variable expenses related to increased sales volume, increased labor hours, and increased variable performance-based incentive compensation and the inclusion of operating expenses related to the December 2020 acquisition of Action Stainless, compared to the second quarter of 2020.

Operating expenses in the first six months of 2021 increased $33.4 million, or 26.0%, to $161.8 million from $128.4 million in the first six months of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 15.9% in the first six months of 2021 from 21.3% in the first six months of 2020. Operating expenses in the specialty metals flat products segment increased $14.6 million, operating expenses in the carbon flat products segment increased $9.7 million, operating expenses in the tubular and pipe products segment increased $5.4 million and Corporate expenses increased $3.8 million in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020. Operating expenses increased during the first six months of 2021, as a result of inflationary impacts on labor, transportation and other product support costs, increased variable expenses related to increased sales volume, increased labor hours, and increased variable performance-based incentive compensation and the inclusion of operating expenses related to the December 2020 acquisition of Action Stainless, compared to the first six months of 2020.

Interest and other expense on debt totaled $2.0 million, or 0.4% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $1.9 million, or 0.8% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2020. Interest and other expense on debt totaled $3.7 million, or 0.4% of net sales, in the first six months of 2021 compared to $4.1 million, or 0.7% of net sales, in the first six months of 2020. The decrease was due to lower borrowings and lower interest rates in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020. Our effective borrowing rate, exclusive of deferred financing fees and commitment fees, was 2.9% for the first six months of 2021 compared to 3.4% for the first six months of 2020.

In the second quarter of 2021, income before income taxes totaled $40.4 million compared to a loss before income taxes of $9.4 million in the second quarter of 2020. In the first six months of 2021, income before income taxes totaled $70.3 million compared to a loss before income taxes of $8.6 million in the first six months of 2020.

An income tax provision of 26.7% was recorded for the second quarter of 2021, compared to an income tax benefit of 31.4% for the second quarter of 2020. An income tax provision of 26.6% was recorded for the first six months of 2021, compared to an income tax benefit of 31.9% for the first six months of 2020. Our tax provision or benefit for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that are considered in the relevant period. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. During the second quarter of 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and our inability to accurately forecast the impact of the pandemic, we recorded the tax provision using an actual effective tax rate as of June 30, 2020.

Net income for the second quarter of 2021 totaled $29.6 million or $2.58 per basic share and diluted share, compared to a net loss of $6.5 million or $0.56 per basic and diluted share for the second quarter of 2020. Net income for the first six months of 2021 totaled $51.7 million or $4.50 per basic share and $4.49 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $5.9 million or $0.51 per basic and diluted share for the first six months of 2020.

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Segment Operations

Specialty metals flat products

The following table presents selected operating results for our specialty metals flat products segment for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands, except for per ton information):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,								For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021				2020				2021				2020
			% of net sales				% of net sales				% of net sales				% of net sales
Direct tons sold		38,198				21,081				77,795				53,453
Toll tons sold		1,990				3,256				4,280				5,454
Total tons sold		40,188				24,337				82,075				58,907
Net sales	$	138,035		100.0	$	54,495		100.0	$	264,354		100.0	$	142,983		100.0
Average selling price per ton		3,435				2,239				3,221				2,427
Cost of materials sold		107,587		77.9		45,083		82.7		211,121		79.9		121,318		84.8
Gross profit (a)		30,448		22.1		9,412		17.3		53,233		20.1		21,665		15.2
Operating expenses (b)		16,746		12.1		7,421		13.6		31,509		11.9		16,939		11.8
Operating income	$	13,702		9.9	$	1,991		3.7	$	21,724		8.2	$	4,726		3.3

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.  

Tons sold by our specialty metals flat products segment increased 65.1% to 40 thousand in the second quarter of 2021 from 24 thousand in the second quarter of 2020. Tons sold by our specialty metals flat products segment increased 39.3% to 82 thousand in the first six months of 2021 from 59 thousand in the first six months of 2020. The increase in tons sold was due to the acquisition of Action Stainless as well as customer demand returning to more normalized levels, compared to suppressed sales in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Net sales in our specialty metals flat products segment increased $83.5 million, or 153.3%, to $138.0 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $54.5 million in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in sales was due to a 65.1% increase in sales volume and a 53.4% increase in average selling prices during the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. Sales volumes in the second quarter of 2020 were adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Average selling prices in the second quarter of 2021 were $3,435 per ton, compared with $2,239 per ton in the second quarter of 2020, and $3,016 per ton in the first quarter of 2021. The increase in the year over year average selling price per ton is a result of the increased industry metals pricing discussed above. We expect metals prices to remain elevated in the third quarter of 2021.

Net sales in our specialty metals flat products segment increased $121.4 million, or 84.9%, to $264.4 million in the first six months of 2021 from $143.0 million in the first six months of 2020. The increase in sales was due to a 39.3% increase in sales volume and a 32.7% increase in average selling prices during the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020. Average selling prices in the first six months of 2021 were $3,221 per ton, compared with $2,427 per ton in the first six months of 2020. The increase in the year over year average selling price per ton is a result of the increased industry metals pricing discussed above in Results of Operations.

Cost of materials sold in our specialty metals flat products segment increased $62.5 million, or 138.6%, to $107.6 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $45.1 million in the second quarter of 2020. Cost of materials sold in our specialty metals flat products segment increased $89.8 million, or 74.0%, to $211.1 million in the first six months of 2021 from $121.3 million in the first six months of 2020. The increase in cost of materials sold was due to the increase in sales volume and increased industry metals pricing discussed above in Results of Operations.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) increased to 22.1% in the second quarter of 2021 from 17.3% in the second quarter of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) increased to 20.1% in the first six months of 2021 from 15.2% in the first six months of 2020. The increase in the gross profit as a percentage of net sales is due to the impact of the rapidly increasing average selling prices discussed above in Results of Operations, while the average costs of inventory did not increase as quickly as the average selling price.

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Operating expenses increased $9.3 million, or 125.7%, to $16.7 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $7.4 million in the second quarter of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses decreased to 12.1% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 13.6% in the second quarter of 2020. Operating expenses increased $14.6 million, or 86.0%, to $31.5 million in the first six months of 2021 from $16.9 million in the first six months of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses increased to 11.9% in the first six months of 2021 compared to 11.8% in the first six months of 2020. The increase in operating expenses was primarily attributable to the inclusion of operating expenses related to the December 14, 2020 acquisition of Action Stainless, inflationary impacts on labor, transportation and other product support costs, increased variable expenses related to increased sales volume, increased labor hours and increased variable performance-based incentive compensation.

Operating income in the second quarter of 2021 totaled $13.7 million, or 9.9% of net sales, compared to $2.0 million, or 3.7% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2020. Operating income in the first six months of 2021 totaled $21.7 million, or 8.2% of net sales, compared to $4.7 million, or 3.3% of net sales, in the first six months of 2020.

Carbon flat products

The following table presents selected operating results for our carbon flat products segment for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands, except for per ton information):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,										For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021				2020						2021				2020
			% of net sales					% of net sales					% of net sales					% of net sales
Direct tons sold		227,596				176,732						453,644				423,832
Toll tons sold		16,787				8,092						30,587				24,102
Total tons sold		244,383				184,824						484,231				447,934
Net sales	$	325,511		100.0	$	140,811			100.0		$	571,884		100.0	$	343,778			100.0
Average selling price per ton		1,332				762						1,181				767
Cost of materials sold		249,934		76.8		114,925			81.6			434,106		75.9		278,062			80.9
Gross profit (a)		75,577		23.2		25,886			18.4			137,778		24.1		65,716			19.1
Operating expenses (b)		45,143		13.9		35,314			25.1			86,145		15.1		76,490			22.2
Operating income (loss)	$	30,434		9.3	$	(9,428	)		(6.7	)	$	51,633		9.0	$	(10,774	)		(3.1	)

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.  Operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 includes $3.6 million of restructuring and other charges.

Tons sold by our carbon flat products segment increased 32.2% to 244 thousand in the second quarter of 2021 from 185 thousand in the second quarter of 2020. Tons sold by our carbon flat products segment increased 8.1% to 484 thousand in the first six months of 2021 from 448 thousand in the first six months of 2020. The increase in tons sold is due to customer demand returning to more normalized levels, compared to suppressed sales in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, our ability to ship is still limited due to supply chain disruptions, which limited spot sales.

Net sales in our carbon flat products segment increased $184.7 million, or 131.2%, to $325.5 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $140.8 million in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in sales was attributable to a 74.8% increase in average selling prices in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020, and a 32.2% increase in tons sold. Average selling prices in the second quarter of 2021 increased to $1,332 per ton, compared with $762 per ton in the second quarter of 2020 and $1,027 per ton in the first quarter of 2021. We expect metals prices to remain elevated in the third quarter of 2021.

Net sales in our carbon flat products segment increased $228.1 million, or 66.4%, to $571.9 million in the first six months of 2021 from $343.8 million in the first six months of 2020. The increase in sales was attributable to a 53.9% increase in average selling prices in the first six months of 2021 compared to the first six months of 2020, and a 8.1% increase in tons sold. Average selling prices in the first six months of 2021 increased to $1,181 per ton, compared with $767 per ton in the first six months of 2020.

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Cost of materials sold increased $135.0 million, or 117.5%, to $249.9 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $114.9 million in the second quarter of 2020. Cost of materials sold increased $156.0 million, or 56.1%, to $434.1 million in the first six months of 2021 from $278.1 million in the first six months of 2020. The increase was due to the increased market price for metals discussed above in Results of Operations.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) increased to 23.2% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 18.4% in the second quarter of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) increased to 24.1% in the first six months of 2021 compared to 19.1% in the first six months of 2020 The increase in the gross profit as a percentage of net sales is due to the impact of the rapidly increasing average selling prices discussed above in Results of Operations, while the average costs of inventory did not increase as quickly as the average selling price.

Operating expenses in the second quarter of 2021 increased $9.8 million, or 27.8%, to $45.1 million from $35.3 million in the second quarter of 2020. Operating expenses in the first six months of 2021 increased $9.7 million, or 12.6%, to $86.1 million from $76.5 million in the first six months of 2020. Operating expenses increased as a result of inflationary impacts on labor, transportation and other product support costs, increased variable expenses related to increased sales volume, increased labor hours and increased variable performance-based incentive compensation.

Operating income in the second quarter of 2021 totaled $30.4 million, or 9.3% of net sales, compared to operating loss of $9.4 million, or 6.7% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2020. Operating income in the first six months of 2021 totaled $51.6 million, or 9.0% of net sales, compared to operating loss of $10.8 million, or 3.1% of net sales, in the first six months of 2020.

Tubular and pipe products

The following table presents selected operating results for our tubular and pipe products segment for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,								For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021				2020				2021				2020
	$		% of net sales		$		% of net sales		$		% of net sales		$		% of net sales
Net sales	$	92,531		100.0	$	52,990		100.0	$	182,963		100.0	$	115,915		100.0
Cost of materials sold (a)		71,183		76.9		36,229		68.4		138,141		75.5		79,379		68.5
Gross profit (b)		21,348		23.1		16,761		31.6		44,822		24.5		36,536		31.5
Operating expenses (c)		18,309		19.8		14,536		27.4		35,463		19.4		30,006		25.9
Operating income	$	3,039		3.3	$	2,225		4.2	$	9,359		5.2	$	6,530		5.7

(a) Includes $4,000 and $5,000 of LIFO expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.  Includes $500 and $1,000 of LIFO income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. 

(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold. 

Net sales increased $39.5 million, or 74.6%, to $92.5 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $53.0 million in the second quarter of 2020. The increase is a result of a 48.9% increase in shipping volume and a 17.3% increase in average selling prices during the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. Net sales increased $67.0 million, or 57.8%, to $183.0 million in the first six months of 2021 from $115.9 million in the first six months of 2020. The increase is a result of a 51.9% increase in shipping volume and a 3.9% increase in average selling prices during the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. We expect metals prices to remain elevated in the third quarter of 2021.

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Cost of materials sold increased $35.0 million, or 96.5%, to $71.2 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $36.2 million in the second quarter of 2020. Cost of materials sold increased $58.8 million, or 74.0%, to $138.1 million in the first six months of 2021 from $79.4 million in the first six months of 2020. The increase in cost of materials sold is primarily a result of the increased sales volume in 2021 compared to 2020. As a result of rapidly increasing prices, during the second quarter of 2021, our tubular and pipe products segment recorded $4.0 million of LIFO expense, compared to $0.5 million of LIFO income recorded in the second quarter of 2020. During the first six months of 2021, our tubular and pipe products segment recorded $5.0 million of LIFO expense, compared to $1.0 million of LIFO income during the first six months of 2020.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) decreased to 23.1% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 31.6% in the second quarter of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, the LIFO expense recorded in the second quarter of 2021 decreased gross profit by 4.3% compared to the LIFO income recorded in the second quarter of 2020, which increased gross profit by 0.9%. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) decreased to 24.5% in the first six months of 2021 compared to 31.5% in the first six months of 2020. As a percentage of net sales, the LIFO expense recorded in the first six months of 2021 decreased gross profit by 2.7% compared to the LIFO income recorded in the first six months of 2020, which increased gross profit by 0.9%.

Operating expenses in the second quarter of 2021 increased $3.8 million, or 26.0%, to $18.3 million from $14.5 million in the second quarter of 2020. Operating expenses decreased to 19.8% of net sales in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 27.4% in the second quarter of 2020. Operating expenses in the first six months of 2021 increased $5.5 million, or 18.2%, to $35.5 million from $30.0 million in the first six months of 2020. Operating expenses decreased to 19.4% of net sales in the first six months of 2021 compared to 25.9% in the first six months of 2020. Operating expenses increased as a result of, inflationary impacts on labor, transportation and other product support costs, increased variable expenses related to increased sales volume and increased variable performance-based incentive compensation.

Operating income in the second quarter 2021 totaled $3.0 million, or 3.3% of net sales, compared to $2.2 million, or 4.2% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2020. Operating income in the first six months of 2021 totaled $9.4 million, or 5.2% of net sales, compared to $6.5 million, or 5.7% of net sales, in the first six months of 2020.

Corporate expenses

Corporate expenses increased $2.5 million, or 108.4%, to $4.7 million in the second quarter of 2021 from $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2020. Corporate expenses increased $3.8 million, or 76.8%, to $8.7 million in the first six months of 2021 from $4.9 million in the first six months of 2020. Corporate expense increased as a result of increased performance-based incentive compensation.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Cash Flows

Our principal capital requirements include funding working capital needs, purchasing, upgrading and acquiring processing equipment and facilities, making acquisitions and paying dividends. We use cash generated from operations and borrowings under our credit facility to fund these requirements.

We believe that funds available under our asset-based credit facility, or ABL Credit Facility, together with funds generated from operations, will be sufficient to provide us with the liquidity necessary to fund anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditure requirements, our dividend payments and any share repurchases and business acquisitions over at least the next 12 months. In the future, we may as part of our business strategy, acquire and dispose of assets or other companies in the same or complementary lines of business, or enter into or exit strategic alliances and joint ventures. Accordingly, the timing and size of our capital requirements are subject to change as business conditions warrant and opportunities arise.

Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2021, we used $95.7 million of net cash for operations, of which $66.5 million was generated from operating activities and $162.2 million was used for working capital. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, we generated $3.5 million of net cash for operations, of which $4.6 million was generated from operating activities and $1.1 million was used for working capital.

Net cash from operations totaled $66.5 million during the first six months of 2021 and was mainly comprised of net income of $51.7 million, the non-cash depreciation and amortization addback of $10.9 million and a decrease in other long-term assets of $5.2 million, offset by changes in other long-term liabilities of $1.8 million. Net cash from operations totaled $4.6 million during the first half of 2020 and mainly consisted of depreciation and amortization of $10.1 million added back to the net loss of $5.9 million, loss on sale of fixed asset of $2.1 million, and stock-based compensation of $0.6 million, offset by changes in other long-term assets of $2.6 million.

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Working capital at June 30, 2021 totaled $443.3 million, a $167.8 million increase from December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to a $133.3 million increase in inventories (resulting from increased metals prices and inventory tonnage during the first six months of 2021), a $112.9 million increase in accounts receivable (resulting from higher sales and increased average selling prices in the first six months of 2021 compared to the fourth quarter of 2020) and a $5.2 million increase in prepaid expenses and other, offset by a $67.1 million increase in accounts payable and outstanding checks and a $22.0 million increase in accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities.

Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities totaled $4.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $5.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020. The capital expenditures in the six months of 2021 and 2020 were primarily attributable to additional processing equipment at our existing facilities. During 2021, we expect our capital spending to be less than our annual depreciation expense.

Financing Activities

During the first six months of 2021, $106.4 million of cash was generated from financing activities, which primarily consisted of $108.4 million of net borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility offset by $1.2 million of credit facility fees and expenses related to the amended ABL Credit Facility, $0.4 million of dividends paid and $0.4 million used for principal payments under capital lease obligations.

Dividends paid were $0.4 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020. In August 2021, our Board of Directors approved a regular quarterly dividend of $0.02 per share, which will be paid on September 15, 2021 to shareholders of record as of September 1, 2021. Regular dividend distributions in the future are subject to the availability of cash, the $5.0 million annual limitation on cash dividends and common stock repurchases under our ABL Credit Facility and continuing determination by our Board of Directors that the payment of dividends remains in the best interest of our shareholders.

Stock Repurchase Program

In 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 550,000 shares of our issued and outstanding common stock, which could include open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated stock repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, all or some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Repurchased shares will be held in our treasury, or canceled and retired as our Board of Directors may determine from time to time. Any repurchases of common stock are subject to the covenants contained in the ABL Credit Facility. Under the ABL Credit Facility, we may repurchase common stock and pay dividends up to $5.0 million in the aggregate during any trailing twelve months without restrictions. Purchases in excess of $5.0 million require us to (i) maintain availability in excess of 20% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($95.0 million at June 30, 2021) or (ii) to maintain availability equal to or greater than 15% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($71.3 million at June 30, 2021) and we must maintain a pro-forma ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00. The timing and amount of any repurchases under the stock repurchase program will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, and limitations under the ABL Credit Facility, and repurchases may be discontinued at any time. As of June 30, 2021, 360,212 shares remain authorized for repurchase under the program.

There were no shares repurchased during the three or six months ended June 30, 2021. There were no shares repurchased during the three months ended June 30, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 we repurchased 15,000 shares, for an aggregate cost of $145 thousand.

Debt Arrangements

On June 16, 2021, we entered into a Fourth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, which amended and extended our existing ABL Credit Facility. The $475 million ABL Credit Facility consists of: (i) a revolving credit facility of up to $445 million, including a $20 million sub-limit for letters of credit and (ii) a first in, last out revolving credit facility of up to $30 million. Under the terms of the ABL Credit Facility, we may, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, request additional commitments under the revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $200 million to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional commitments and add real estate as collateral at our discretion. The ABL Credit Facility matures on June 16, 2026.

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The ABL Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and certain covenants that limit our ability to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; (iii) make investments; (iv) sell assets; (v) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from restricted subsidiaries to us; (vi) incur or suffer to exist liens securing indebtedness; (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of their assets; and (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit Facility contains a financial covenant which includes: (i) if any commitments or obligations are outstanding and our availability is less than the greater of $30 million or 10.0% of the aggregate amount of revolver commitments ($47.5 million at June 30, 2021) or 10.0% of the aggregate borrowing base ($47.5 million at June 30, 2021), then we must maintain a ratio of EBITDA minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the most recent twelve fiscal month period.

We have the option to borrow under its revolver based on the agent’s base rate plus a premium ranging from 0.00% to 0.25% or the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus a premium ranging from 1.25% to 2.75%.

As of June 30, 2021, we were in compliance with our covenants and had approximately $202 million of availability under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2021, $1.6 million of bank financing fees were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other long-term assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The financing fees are being amortized over the five-year term of the ABL Credit Facility and are included in “Interest and other expense on debt” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

On January 10, 2019, we entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. The interest rate hedge fixed the rate at 2.57%.

Critical Accounting Policies

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. We monitor and evaluate our estimates and assumptions, based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We review our financial reporting and disclosure practices and accounting practices quarterly to ensure they provide accurate and transparent information relative to the current economic and business environment. For further information regarding the accounting policies that we believe to be critical accounting policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our principal raw materials are carbon, coated and stainless steel, and aluminum, pipe and tube, flat rolled coil, sheet and plate that we typically purchase from multiple primary metals producers. The metals industry as a whole is cyclical and, at times, pricing and availability of metals can be volatile due to numerous factors beyond our control, including general domestic and international economic conditions, the levels of metals imported into the United States, labor costs, sales levels, competition, levels of inventory held by other metals service centers, consolidation of metals producers, new global capacity by metals producers, higher raw material costs for the producers of metals, import duties and tariffs and currency exchange rates. This volatility can significantly affect the availability and cost of raw materials for us.

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We, like many other metals service centers, maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead times and just‑in‑time delivery requirements of our customers. Accordingly, we purchase metals in an effort to maintain our inventory at levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon historic buying practices, supply agreements with customers and market conditions. Our commitments to purchase metals are generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders. We have no long‑term, fixed‑price metals purchase contracts. When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how much of the price increase we can pass on to our customers. To the extent we are unable to pass on future price increases in our raw materials to our customers, the net sales and profitability of our business could be adversely affected. When metals prices decline, customer demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices and, consequently, lower gross profits and inventory lower of cost or market adjustments as we sell existing inventory. Significant or rapid declines in metals prices or reductions in sales volumes could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain financial covenants in our credit facility, as well as result in us incurring inventory or intangible asset impairment charges. Changing metals prices therefore could significantly impact our net sales, gross profits, operating income and net income.

Rising metals prices result in higher working capital requirements for us and our customers. Some customers may not have sufficient credit lines or liquidity to absorb significant increases in the price of metals. While we have generally been successful in the past in passing on producers’ price increases and surcharges to our customers, there is no guarantee that we will be able to pass on price increases to our customers in the future. Declining metals prices have generally adversely affected our net sales and net income, while increasing metals prices have generally favorably affected our net sales and net income.

Approximately 44% and 41% of our consolidated net sales during the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively, were directly related to industrial machinery and equipment manufacturers and their fabricators.

Inflation generally affects us by increasing the cost of employee wages and benefits, transportation services, processing equipment, energy and borrowings under our credit facility. General inflation, excluding increases in the price of metals and increased distribution expense, has not had a material effect on our financial results during the past two years.

We are exposed to the impact of fluctuating metals prices and interest rate changes. During 2021 and 2020, we entered into metals swaps at the request of customers. These derivatives have not been designated as hedging instruments. For certain customers, we enter into contractual relationships that entitle us to pass-through the economic effect of trading positions that we take with other third parties on our customers’ behalf.

Our primary interest rate risk exposure results from variable rate debt. We have the option to enter into 30- to 180-day fixed base rate LIBOR loans under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 10, 2019, we entered into a five-year interest rate swap that locked the interest rate at 2.57% on $75 million of our revolving debt.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. These disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that are filed with or submitted to the SEC is: (i) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second quarter of 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Items 1, 1A, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of this Part II are either inapplicable or are answered in the negative and are omitted pursuant to the instructions to Part II.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit	Description of Document	Reference
3.1	Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation	Filed herewith
4.1	Fourth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2021, among Olympic Steel, Inc., Olympic Steel Lafayette, Inc., Olympic Steel Minneapolis, Inc., Olympic Steel Iowa, Inc., Oly Steel NC, Inc., IS Acquisition, Inc., Chicago Tube and Iron Company, B Metals, Inc., MCI, Inc., ACT Acquisition, Inc., the lenders from time to time party thereto and Bank of America, N.A. as Agent for the Lenders	4.30 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 21, 2021 (Commission File No. 0-23320)
10.1	Olympic Steel, Inc. Amended and Restated 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan as Amended Effective May 7, 2021	Filed herewith
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
32.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
32.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
101	The following materials from Olympic Steel’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and (vii) document and entity information.
104	Cover Pager Interactive Data File (embedded with the Inline XBRL document).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	OLYMPIC STEEL, INC.
	(Registrant)
Date: August 6, 2021	By:	/s/ Richard T. Marabito
	Richard T. Marabito
	Chief Executive Officer

By:	/s/ Richard A. Manson
Richard A. Manson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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