SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES BASIS OF PRESENTATION These financial statements and the accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. See Note 4, Acquisitions and Pro Forma Results , for details of new subsidiaries included in the consolidation. On July 1, 2015, the Company completed the distribution of 100% of the outstanding common shares of SeaSpine Holdings Corporation ("SeaSpine") to Integra shareholders who received one share of SeaSpine common stock for every three shares, on a pre-split basis, of Integra common stock held as of the close of business on the record date, June 19, 2015. The Company has classified the results of operations, cash flows, and related assets and liabilities of SeaSpine as discontinued operations for all periods presented in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements relates to the Company's continuing operations. Refer to Note 3, Discontinued Operations , for additional information regarding the distribution. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Significant estimates affecting amounts reported or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements include allowances for doubtful accounts receivable and sales returns and allowances, net realizable value of inventories, valuation of intangible assets and in-process research and development ("IPR&D"), amortization periods for acquired intangible assets, discount rates and estimated projected cash flows used to value and test impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill, estimates of projected cash flows, depreciation and amortization periods for long-lived assets, computation of taxes, valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets, the valuation of stock-based compensation, valuation of pension assets and liabilities, valuation of derivative instruments, valuation of the equity component of convertible debt instruments, and valuation of debt instruments and loss contingencies. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the current circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. RECLASSIFICATIONS Certain amounts from the prior year's financial statements have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year's presentation. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCES FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company grants credit to customers in the normal course of business, but generally does not require collateral or any other security to support its receivables. The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In circumstances where a specific customer is unable to meet its financial obligations to the Company, a provision to the allowances for doubtful accounts is recorded against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount that is reasonably expected to be collected. For all other customers, a provision to the allowances for doubtful accounts is recorded based on factors including the length of time the receivables are past due, the current business environment and the Company's historical experience. Provisions to the allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded to selling, general and administrative expenses. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. Provision for doubtful accounts, associated with accounts receivable, included in selling, general and administrative expense, were $2.0 million , $0.4 million , and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. INVENTORIES Inventories, consisting of purchased materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost, the value determined by the first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value. Inventories consisted of the following: December 31, 2017 2016 (In thousands) Finished goods $ 190,100 $ 127,973 Work in process 58,637 50,043 Raw materials 47,595 39,247 Total inventories, net $ 296,332 $ 217,263 At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates inventories for excess quantities, obsolescence or shelf life expiration. This evaluation includes analysis of historical sales levels by product, projections of future demand, the risk of technological or competitive obsolescence for products, general market conditions, a review of the shelf life expiration dates for products, as well as the feasibility of reworking or using excess or obsolete products or components in the production or assembly of other products that are not obsolete or for which there are not excess quantities in inventory. To the extent that management determines there are excess or obsolete inventory or quantities with a shelf life that is too near its expiration for the Company to reasonably expect that it can sell those products prior to their expiration, the Company adjusts the carrying value to estimated net realizable value. The Company capitalizes inventory costs associated with certain products prior to regulatory approval, based on management's judgment of probable economic benefit. The Company could be required to expense previously capitalized costs related to pre-approval inventory upon a change in such judgment, due to, among other potential factors, a denial or delay of approval by necessary regulatory bodies or a decision by management to discontinue the related development program. No such amounts were capitalized at December 31, 2017 or 2016 . PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment charges. The Company provides for depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the useful life. The cost of major additions and improvements is capitalized, while maintenance and repair costs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are charged to operations as incurred. The cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use is accounted for in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Property, plant and equipment balances and corresponding lives were as follows: December 31, 2017 2016 Useful Lives (In thousands) Land $ 1,881 $ 2,147 Buildings and building improvements 20,243 17,677 5-40 years Leasehold improvements 90,329 82,432 1-20 years Machinery and production equipment 137,914 103,818 3-20 years Surgical instrument kits 30,511 19,871 4-5 years Information systems and hardware 127,946 111,145 1-7 years Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment 17,394 16,896 1-15 years Construction-in-progress 62,967 59,222 Total 489,185 413,208 Less: Accumulated depreciation (219,934 ) (190,839 ) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 269,251 $ 222,369 Depreciation expense associated with property, plant and equipment was $36.1 million , $31.2 million , and $27.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The Company leased certain computer equipment under capital lease agreements. The gross carrying value of such leases amounted to $2.0 million at December 31, 2016 . The accumulated depreciation of such leases amounted to $2.0 million at December 31, 2016 , and the cost is included as a component of furniture, fixtures, office equipment and information systems and hardware. There are no outstanding capital lease agreements as of December 31, 2017 . CAPITALIZED INTEREST The interest cost on capital projects, including facilities build-out and internal use software, is capitalized and included in the cost of the project. Capitalization commences with the first expenditure for the project and continues until the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. When no debt is incurred specifically for a project, interest is capitalized on project expenditures using the weighted average cost of the Company's outstanding borrowings. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, the Company capitalized $1.1 million and $1.0 million of interest expense into property, plant and equipment. ACQUISITIONS Results of operations of acquired companies are included in the Company’s results of operations as of the respective acquisition dates. The purchase price of each acquisition is allocated to the net assets acquired based on estimates of their fair values at the date of the acquisition. Any purchase price in excess of these net assets is recorded as goodwill. The allocation of purchase price in certain cases may be subject to revision based on the final determination of fair values during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date. Contingent consideration is recognized at the estimated fair value on the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the fair value of contingent payments are recognized in selling, general and administrative expense in consolidated statements of operations. Contingent payments related to acquisitions consist of development, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments, in addition to sales-based payments, and are valued using discounted cash flow techniques. The fair value of development, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments reflects management’s expectations of probability of payment, and increases or decreases as the probability of payment or expectation of timing of payments changes. The fair value of sales-based payments is based upon probability-weighted future revenue estimates and increases or decreases as revenue estimates or expectation of timing of payments changes. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The excess of the cost over the fair value of net assets of acquired businesses is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but is reviewed for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The Company's assessment of the recoverability of goodwill is based upon a comparison of the carrying value of goodwill with its estimated fair value. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually as of July 31 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. In October 2017, as part of the Company's branding strategy, the Company adopted the Codman name by rebranding the Specialty Surgical Solutions segment to Codman Specialty Surgical. The change in name does not have an effect on our reportable segments or reporting units. The Company has two reportable segments with three underlying reporting units: Instruments and Neurosurgery, under Codman Specialty Surgical and Orthopedics and Tissue Technologies. Refer to Note 13 - Segment and Geographic Information for more information on reportable segments. The Company estimated the fair value of the three reporting units using a discounted cash flow model, which incorporates significant estimates and assumptions made by management which, by their nature, are characterized by uncertainty. Inputs used to fair value the Company's reporting units are considered inputs of the fair value hierarchy. For Level 3 measurements, significant increases or decreases in long-term growth rates or discount rates in isolation or in combination could result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. The key assumptions impacting the valuation included the following: • The reporting unit's financial projections, which are based on management's assessment of regional and macroeconomic variables, industry trends and market opportunities, and the Company's strategic objectives and future growth plans. • The projected terminal value for the reporting unit, which represents the present value of projected cash flows beyond the last period in the discounted cash flow analysis. The terminal value reflects the Company's assumptions related to long-term growth rates and profitability, which are based on several factors, including local and macroeconomic variables, market opportunities, and future growth plans. • The discount rate used to measure the present value of the projected future cash flows is set using a weighted-average cost of capital method that considers market and industry data as well as the Company's specific risk factors that are likely to be considered by a market participant. The weighted-average cost of capital is the Company's estimate of the overall after-tax rate of return required by equity and debt holders of a business enterprise. Given the excess of the Instruments, Neurosurgery and Orthopedics and Tissue Technologies estimated fair values over their carrying values after the reallocation of goodwill, no impairment was recognized. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-4, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment , effective January 1, 2017. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test as of July 31, 2017. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option - for any or all of its reporting units that carry goodwill - to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not (i.e. greater than 50%) that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and determines that an impairment is more likely than not, the Company is then required to perform the quantitative impairment test, otherwise no further analysis is required. The Company also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to quantitative impairment test. The ultimate outcome of the goodwill impairment review for a reporting unit should be the same whether the Company chooses to perform the qualitative assessment or proceeds directly to the quantitative impairment test. The Company elected to perform a qualitative analysis for its three reporting units as of July 31, 2017. The Company determined, after performing qualitative analysis, that there was no evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any identified reporting unit was less that the carrying amounts, therefore, it was not necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in 2017 and 2016 were as follows: Codman Specialty Surgical Orthopedics and Tissue Technologies Total (In thousands) Goodwill at January 1, 2016 $ 284,976 $ 227,413 $ 512,389 TEI acquisition working capital adjustment — (174 ) (174 ) Foreign currency translation and other (618 ) (1,026 ) (1,644 ) Goodwill at December 31, 2016 $ 284,358 $ 226,213 $ 510,571 Derma Sciences acquisition — 73,765 73,765 TGX Medical acquisition 641 — 641 Codman acquisition 346,220 — 346,220 Divestment to Natus (2,861 ) — (2,861 ) Foreign currency translation and other 6,409 3,160 9,569 Goodwill at December 31, 2017 $ 634,767 $ 303,138 $ 937,905 When the Company acquires a business, the assets acquired, including IPR&D, and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. The Company's policy defines IPR&D as the fair value of those projects for which the related products have not received regulatory approval and have no alternative future use. Determining the fair value of intangible assets, including IPR&D, acquired as part of a business combination requires the Company to make significant estimates. These estimates include the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, the discount rate used to discount those cash flows to present value, the assessment of the asset’s life cycle, and the consideration of legal, technical, regulatory, economic, and competitive risks. The fair value assigned to other intangible assets, including IPR&D, is determined by estimating the future cash flows of each project or technology and discounting the net cash flows back to their present values. The discount rate used is determined at the time of measurement in accordance with accepted valuation methodologies. IPR&D acquired in a business combination is capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. Development costs incurred after the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Upon receipt of regulatory approval, the indefinite-lived intangible asset is then accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset and amortized on a straight-line basis or accelerated basis, as appropriate, over its estimated useful life. If the research and debt project is subsequently abandoned, the indefinite-lived intangible asset is charged to expense. IPR&D acquired outside of a business combination is expensed immediately. Due to the uncertainty associated with research and development projects, there is risk that actual results will differ materially from the original cash flow projections and that the research and development project will result in a successful commercial product. The risks associated with achieving commercialization include, but are not limited to, delay or failure to obtain regulatory approvals to conduct clinical trials, delay or failure to obtain required market clearances, delays or issues with patent issuance, or validity and litigation. Other intangible assets include patents, trademarks, purchased technology, and supplier and customer relationships. Identifiable intangible assets are initially recorded at fair market value at the time of acquisition generally using an income or cost approach. The Company capitalizes costs incurred to renew or extend the term of recognized intangible assets and amortizes those costs over their expected useful lives. The components of the Company's identifiable intangible assets were as follows: Weighted Average Life December 31, 2017 Cost Accumulated Amortization Net (Dollars in Thousands) Completed technology 19 years $ 869,174 $ (124,096 ) $ 745,078 Customer relationships 13 years 233,430 (91,961 ) 141,469 Trademarks/brand names 28 years 104,879 (22,293 ) 82,586 Codman trade name Indefinite 162,900 — 162,900 Supplier relationships 27 years 34,721 (15,092 ) 19,629 All other (1) 4 years 11,511 (3,546 ) 7,965 $ 1,416,615 $ (256,988 ) $ 1,159,627 Weighted Average Life December 31, 2016 Cost Accumulated Amortization Net (Dollars in Thousands) Completed technology 17 years $ 479,964 $ (94,991 ) $ 384,973 Customer relationships 12 years 152,335 (77,005 ) 75,330 Trademarks/brand names 30 years 90,507 (19,158 ) 71,349 Supplier relationships 27 years 34,721 (13,664 ) 21,057 All other (1) 5 years 10,806 (2,340 ) 8,466 $ 768,333 $ (207,158 ) $ 561,175 (1) At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , all other included IPR&D of $1.0 million , which was indefinite-lived. The Company performs its assessment of the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets annually during the third quarter, or more frequently as impairment indicators arise, and it is based upon a comparison of the carrying value of such assets to their estimated fair values. The Company performed its most recent annual assessment during the third quarter of 2017 , which resulted in no impairments. There were no impairment charges for research and development expenses related to IPR&D projects during 2017 and 2016 . During the third quarter of 2017, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $3.3 million in cost of goods sold related to completed technology assets acquired from Tarsus Medical, Inc. ("Tarsus Technology"), since the underlying product will no longer be sold. Tarsus Technology was included in the Orthopedic and Tissue Technology segment. During 2015, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million in research and development expense related to IPR&D projects that have been discontinued in its Orthopedics and Tissue Technologies segment. Amortization expense (including amounts reported in cost of product revenues, but excluding any possible future amortization associated with acquired IPR&D) for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 was $52.8 million , $41.5 million and $32.2 million , respectively. Annual amortization expense is expected to approximate $66.9 million in 2018, $66.8 million in 2019, $66.7 million in 2020, $65.7 million in 2021, $62.2 million in 2022 and $658.9 million thereafter. Amortization of product technology based intangible assets totaled $35.7 million , $27.6 million and $22.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and is presented by the Company within cost of goods sold. LONG-LIVED ASSETS Long-lived assets held and used by the Company, including property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For purposes of evaluating the recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used, a recoverability test is performed using projected undiscounted net cash flows applicable to the long-lived assets. If an impairment exists, the amount of such impairment is calculated based on the estimated fair value of the asset. Impairments to long-lived assets to be disposed of are recorded based upon the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the applicable assets. INTEGRA FOUNDATION The Company may periodically make contributions to the Integra Foundation, Inc. The Integra Foundation was incorporated in 2002 exclusively for charitable, educational, and scientific purposes and qualifies under IRC 501(c)(3) as an exempt private foundation. Under its charter, the Integra Foundation engages in activities that promote health, the diagnosis and treatment of disease, and the development of medical science through grants, contributions and other appropriate means. The Integra Foundation is a separate legal entity and is not a subsidiary of the Company; therefore, its results are not included in these consolidated financial statements. The Company contributed $0.5 million and $0.9 million to the Integra Foundation during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015 , respectively. There were no contributions to the Integra Foundation during 2016. These contributions were recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense. DERIVATIVES The Company develops, manufactures, and sells medical devices globally, and its earnings and cash flows are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates. The Company addresses these risks through a risk management program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments, and operates the program pursuant to documented corporate risk management policies. All derivative financial instruments are recognized in the financial statements at fair value in accordance with the authoritative guidance. Under the guidance, for those instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the hedging instrument must be designated as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, based on the exposure being hedged. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. The Company's derivative instruments do not subject its earnings or cash flows to material risk, and gains and losses on these derivatives generally offset losses and gains on the item being hedged. The Company has not entered into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and from time to time, the Company may enter into derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments in order to protect itself from currency volatility due to intercompany balances. All derivative instruments are recognized at their fair values as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company determines the fair value of its derivative instruments, using the framework prescribed by the authoritative guidance, by considering the estimated amount the Company would receive to sell or transfer these instruments at the reporting date and by taking into account: expected forward interest rates, currency exchange rates, the creditworthiness of the counterparty for assets, and its creditworthiness for liabilities. In certain instances, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow model to measure fair value. Generally, the Company uses inputs that include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, other observable inputs for the asset or liability and inputs derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means. The Company has classified all of its derivative assets and liabilities within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because observable inputs are available for substantially the full term of its derivative instruments. The Company classifies derivatives designated as hedges in the same category as the item being hedged for cash flow presentation purposes. The Company also has entered into an foreign currency forward contract that is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. This contract is recorded at fair value, with the changes in fair value recognized into other income, net on the consolidated financial statements. FOREIGN CURRENCY All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries which have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the rate of exchange at year-end, while elements of the income statement are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the year. The net effect of these translation adjustments is shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These currency translation adjustments are not currently adjusted for income taxes as they relate to permanent investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. Foreign currency transaction (loss) gain of $(2.9) million , $0.3 million and $(0.5) million are reported in other income, net in the statements of operations, for the year ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. INCOME TAXES Income taxes are accounted for by using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. Reserves are established for positions that don't meet this recognition threshold. The reserve is measured as the largest amount of benefit determined on a cumulative probability basis that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the position. These reserves are classified as long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets of the Company, unless the reserves are expected to be paid in cash during the next twelve months, in which case they are classified as current liabilities. The Company also records interest and penalties accrued in relation to uncertain tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. While the Company believes it has identified all reasonably identifiable exposures and the reserve it has established for identifiable exposures is appropriate under the circumstances, it is possible that additional exposures exist and that exposures may be settled at amounts different than the amounts reserved. It is also possible that changes in facts and circumstances could cause the Company to either materially increase or reduce the carrying amount of its tax reserve. The Company continues to indefinitely reinvest substantially all of its foreign earnings. The current provisional analysis indicates that the Company has sufficient U.S. liquidity, including borrowing capacity, to fund foreseeable U.S. cash needs without requiring the repatriation of foreign cash. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”), enacted in December 2017, imposes a toll tax on a deemed repatriation of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. One time or unusual items that may impact the ability or intent to keep the foreign earnings and cash indefinitely reinvested include significant U.S. acquisitions, loans from a foreign subsidiary, changes in tax laws. On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to deemed repatriated earnings and the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the 2017 Tax Act. REVENUE RECOGNITION Total revenues, net, include product sales, product royalties and other revenues, such as fees received under research, licensing, distribution arrangements, research grants, and technology-related royalties. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred; title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, there is a fixed or determinable sales price, and collectability of that sales price is reasonably assured. For product sales, the Company's stated terms are primarily FOB shipping point and with most customers, title and risk of loss pass to the customer at that time. With certain United States customers, the Company retains risk of loss until the customers receive the product, and in those situations, the Company recognizes revenue upon receipt by the customer. A portion of the Company's product revenue is generated from consigned inventory maintained at hospitals and distributors, and also from inventory physically held by field sales representatives. For these types of products sales, the Company retains title until receiving appropriate notification that the product has been used or implanted, at which time revenue is recognized. Each revenue transaction is evidenced by either a contract with the customer or a valid purchase order and an invoice which includes all relevant terms of sale. There are generally no significant customer acceptance or other conditions that prevent the Company from recognizing revenue in accordance with its delivery terms. In certain cases, where the Company has performance obligations that are significant to the functionality of the product, the Company recognizes revenue upon fulfillment of its obligation. Sales invoices issued to customers contain the Company's price for each product or service. The Company performs a review of each specific customer's cre |