Vale (VALE) 20-F 19 Apr 24 2023 FY Annual report (foreign) Financial data

Cover

Cover	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	001-15030
Entity Registrant Name	VALE S.A.
Entity Central Index Key	0000917851
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	D5
Entity Address, Address Line One	Praia de Botafogo 186
Entity Address, City or Town	Rio de Janeiro
Entity Address, Country	BR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	22250
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Document Accounting Standard	International Financial Reporting Standards
Entity Shell Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction Flag	false
Auditor Firm ID	1351
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores Independentes Ltda.
Auditor Location	Rio de Janeiro
6.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2026, issued by Vale Overseas
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	6.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2026, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol	VALE/26
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
3.750% Guaranteed Notes due 2030, issued by Vale Overseas
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	3.750% Guaranteed Notes due 2030, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol	VALE/30
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Guaranteed Notes Due 20336. 125 Interest Rate Issued By Vale Overseas [Member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	6.125% Guaranteed Notes due 2033, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol	VALE/33
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
8.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2034, issued by Vale Overseas
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	8.250% Guaranteed Notes due 2034, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol	VALE/34
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2036, issued by Vale Overseas
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2036, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol	VALE/36
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2039, issued by Vale Overseas
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2039, issued by Vale Overseas
Trading Symbol	VALE39
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
5.625% Notes due 2042, issued by Vale S.A.
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	5.625% Notes due 2042, issued by Vale S.A.
Trading Symbol	VALE42
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Ordinary shares [member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	4,539,007,568
Golden shares [member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	12
ADR
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	American Depositary Shares (evidenced by American Depositary Receipts), each representing one common share of Vale
Trading Symbol	VALE
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Business Contact [Member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Entity Address, Address Line One	Praia de Botafogo 186
Entity Address, City or Town	Rio de Janeiro
Entity Address, Country	BR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	22250
City Area Code	21
Local Phone Number	3485 5000
Contact Personnel Name	Gustavo Duarte Pimenta

Consolidated Income Statement

Consolidated Income Statement - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Continuing operations
Net operating revenue	$ 41,784	$ 43,839	$ 54,502
Cost of goods sold and services rendered	(24,089)	(24,028)	(21,729)
Gross profit	17,695	19,811	32,773
Operating expenses
Selling and administrative	(553)	(515)	(481)
Research and development	(723)	(660)	(549)
Pre-operating and operational stoppage	(450)	(479)	(648)
Other operating expenses, net	(1,498)	(1,722)	(2,976)
Impairment reversal (impairment) and results on disposal of non-current assets, net	(266)	773	(426)
Operating income	14,205	17,208	27,693
Financial income	432	520	337
Financial expenses	(1,459)	(1,179)	(1,249)
Other financial items, net	(919)	2,927	4,031
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures	(1,108)	305	(1,271)
Income before income taxes	11,151	19,781	29,541
Income taxes	(3,046)	(2,971)	(4,697)
Net income from continuing operations	8,105	16,810	24,844
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	122	82	108
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Vale's shareholders	7,983	16,728	24,736
Discontinued operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		2,060	(2,376)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			(85)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Vale's shareholders		2,060	(2,291)
Net income	8,105	18,870	22,468
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	122	82	23
Net income attributable to Vale's shareholders	$ 7,983	$ 18,788	$ 22,445

Consolidated Income Statement (

Consolidated Income Statement (Parenthetical) - Ordinary shares [member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations	$ 1.83	$ 3.61	$ 4.93
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations	1.83	3.61	4.93
Basic earnings per share attributable to Vale's shareholders	1.83	4.05	4.47
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vale's shareholders	$ 1.83	$ 4.05	$ 4.47

Consolidated Statement of Compr

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Profit or loss [abstract]
Net income	$ 8,105	$ 18,870	$ 22,468
Items that will not be reclassified to income statement
Translation adjustments of the Parent Company	2,966	2,259	(2,174)
Retirement benefit obligations	(68)	269	475
Fair value adjustment to investment in equity securities	13		397
Total items that will not be reclassified to the income statement, net of tax	2,911	2,528	(1,302)
Items that may be reclassified to income statement
Translation adjustments of foreign operations	(522)	(1,306)	918
Net investment hedge	139	81	(118)
Cash flow hedge	(19)	19	3
Reclassification of cumulative translation adjustment to income statement		(4,830)	(4,749)
Total items that may be reclassified to the income statement, net of tax	(402)	(6,036)	(3,946)
Comprehensive income	10,614	15,362	17,220
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	125	80	21
Comprehensive income attributable to Vale's shareholders	$ 10,489	$ 15,282	$ 17,199

Consolidated Statement of Cash

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of cash flows [abstract]
Cash flow from operations	$ 17,252	$ 18,762	$ 33,414
Interest on loans and borrowings paid	(743)	(785)	(693)
Cash received (paid) on settlement of derivatives, net	567	(83)	(197)
Payments related to Brumadinho event	(1,330)	(1,093)	(1,388)
Payments related to de-characterization of dams	(458)	(349)	(338)
Interest on participative shareholders' debentures paid	(233)	(371)	(418)
Income taxes paid (including settlement program)	(1,890)	(4,637)	(4,385)
Net cash generated by operating activities from continuing operations	13,165	11,444	25,995
Net cash generated (used) by operating activities from discontinued operations		41	(316)
Net cash generated by operating activities	13,165	11,485	25,679
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(5,920)	(5,446)	(5,033)
Payments related to Samarco dam failure	(553)	(338)	(413)
Additions to investments	(19)		(42)
Proceeds (payments) from disposal of investments, net	(139)	577	704
Dividends received from associates and joint ventures	204	219	190
Short-term investment	127	260	582
Other investing activities, net	(19)	145	(129)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations	(6,319)	(4,583)	(4,141)
Net cash used in investing activities from discontinued operations		(103)	(2,469)
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,319)	(4,686)	(6,610)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Loans and borrowings from third parties	1,950	1,275	930
Payments of loans and borrowings from third parties	(658)	(2,300)	(1,927)
Payments of leasing	(233)	(224)	(215)
Dividends and interest on capital paid to Vale’s shareholders	(5,513)	(6,603)	(13,483)
Dividends and interest on capital paid to noncontrolling interest	(41)	(12)	(30)
Shares buyback program	(2,714)	(6,036)	(5,546)
Acquisition of stake in VOPC	(130)
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations	(7,339)	(13,900)	(20,271)
Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations		(11)	(13)
Net cash used in financing activities	(7,339)	(13,911)	(20,284)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(493)	(7,112)	(1,215)
Cash and cash equivalents in the beginning of the year	4,736	11,721	13,487
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	69	138	(551)
Effect of transfer PTVI to non-current assets held for sale	(703)
Cash and cash equivalents from subsidiaries sold, net		(11)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year	$ 3,609	$ 4,736	$ 11,721

Consolidated Statement of Finan

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,609	$ 4,736
Short-term investments	51	61
Accounts receivable	4,197	4,319
Other financial assets	271	342
Inventories	4,684	4,482
Recoverable taxes	900	1,272
Judicial deposits	611
Other	444	314
Current assets excluding assets held for sale	14,767	15,526
Non-current assets held for sale	3,933
Total current assets	18,700	15,526
Non-current assets
Judicial deposits	798	1,215
Other financial assets	593	280
Recoverable taxes	1,374	1,110
Deferred income taxes	9,565	10,770
Other	1,257	1,019
Total non-current assets excluding investments, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment	13,587	14,394
Investments in associates and joint ventures	1,872	1,798
Intangibles	11,631	10,238
Property, plant, and equipment	48,396	44,938
Total non current assets	75,486	71,368
Total assets	94,186	86,894
Current liabilities
Suppliers and contractors	5,272	4,461
Loans and borrowings	824	307
Leases	197	182
Other financial liabilities	1,676	1,672
Taxes payable	1,314	470
Settlement program ("REFIS")	428	371
Liabilities related to Brumadinho	1,057	944
Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures	837	1,911
De-characterization of dams and asset retirement obligations	1,035	661
Provisions for litigation	114	106
Employee benefits	964	930
Dividends payable		1,383
Other	376	493
Current liabilities excluding assets held for sale	14,094	13,891
Liabilities associated with non-current assets held for sale	561
Total current liabilities	14,655	13,891
Non-current liabilities
Loans and borrowings	11,647	10,874
Leases	1,255	1,349
Participative shareholders' debentures	2,874	2,725
Other financial liabilities	3,373	2,843
Settlement program ("REFIS")	1,723	1,869
Deferred income taxes	870	1,413
Liabilities related to Brumadinho	2,003	2,368
Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures	3,590	1,410
De-characterization of dams and asset retirement obligations	6,694	6,520
Provisions for litigation	885	1,186
Employee benefits	1,381	1,260
Streaming transactions	1,962	1,612
Other	293	216
Total non current liabilities	38,550	35,645
Total liabilities	53,205	49,536
Equity
Equity attributable to Vale's shareholders	39,461	35,867
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,520	1,491
Total equity	40,981	37,358
Total liabilities and equity	$ 94,186	$ 86,894

Consolidated Statement of Chang

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Issued capital [member]	Capital reserves [member]	Profit reserves [member]	Treasury shares [member]	Other reserve [member]	Reserve of exchange differences on translation [member]	Retained earnings [member]	Equity attributable to owners of parent [member]	Non-controlling interests [member]	Total
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 61,614	$ 1,139	$ 7,042	$ (2,441)	$ (2,056)	$ (29,554)		$ 35,744	$ (923)	$ 34,821
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net income							22,445	22,445	23	22,468
Other comprehensive income			758		886	(6,890)		(5,246)	(2)	(5,248)
Fair value reclassification of Mosaic shares					(522)		522
Dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders			(4,296)				(8,368)	(12,664)		(12,664)
Dividends of noncontrolling interest									(25)	(25)
Acquisitions and disposals of noncontrolling interest					(331)			(331)	1,761	1,430
Appropriation to undistributed retained earnings			14,599				(14,599)
Shares buyback program				(5,546)				(5,546)		(5,546)
Share-based payment programs					63			63		63
Treasury shares canceled			(2,401)	2,408				7		7
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2021	61,614	1,139	15,702	(5,579)	(1,960)	(36,444)		34,472	834	35,306
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net income							18,788	18,788	82	18,870
Other comprehensive income			756		269	(4,531)		(3,506)	(2)	(3,508)
Dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders			(3,500)				(4,386)	(7,886)		(7,886)
Dividends of noncontrolling interest									(7)	(7)
Acquisitions and disposals of noncontrolling interest									584	584
Appropriation to undistributed retained earnings			14,402				(14,402)
Shares buyback program				(6,036)				(6,036)		(6,036)
Share-based payment programs					16			16		16
Treasury shares canceled			(6,616)	6,635				19		19
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022	61,614	1,139	20,744	(4,980)	(1,675)	(40,975)		35,867	1,491	37,358
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net income							7,983	7,983	122	8,105
Other comprehensive income			1,495		(73)	1,084		2,506	3	2,509
Dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders			(437)				(3,744)	(4,181)		(4,181)
Dividends of noncontrolling interest									(37)	(37)
Acquisitions and disposals of noncontrolling interest					3			3	(59)	(56)
Appropriation to undistributed retained earnings			4,239				(4,239)
Shares buyback program				(2,714)				(2,714)		(2,714)
Share-based payment programs				26	(29)			(3)		(3)
Treasury shares canceled			(4,164)	4,164
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 61,614	$ 1,139	$ 21,877	$ (3,504)	$ (1,774)	$ (39,891)		$ 39,461	$ 1,520	$ 40,981

Corporate information

Corporate information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Corporate Information
Corporate information	Corporate information Vale S.A. (the “Parent Company”) is a public company headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vale’s share capital consists of common shares, traded on the stock exchange. In Brazil, Vale's common shares are listed on B3 under the code VALE3. The Company also has American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), with each representing one common share, traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the code VALE. Additionally, the shares are traded on LATIBEX under the code XVALO, which is an unregulated electronic market established by the Madrid Stock Exchange for the trading of Latin American securities. The Company's shareholding structure is disclosed in note 30. Vale, together with its subsidiaries (“Vale” or the “Company”), is one of the world's largest producers of iron ore and nickel. The Company also produces iron ore pellets and copper. Nickel and copper concentrates contain by-products such as platinum group metals (PGM), gold, silver, and cobalt. Most of the Company’s products are sold to international markets, through the Company's main trading Company, Vale International S.A. (“VISA”), a wholly owned subsidiary located in Switzerland. The Company is engaged in greenfield mineral exploration in six countries, including Brazil, USA, Canada, Chile, Peru and Indonesia. It also operates extensive logistics systems in Brazil and other regions worldwide, including railways, maritime terminals, and ports integrated with mining operations. Additionally, the Company has distribution centers to support its iron ore shipments globally. As part of its strategy, Vale also holds investments in energy businesses through associates and joint ventures to meet energy consumption needs through renewable sources. The Company also used to produce and sell thermal and metallurgical coal until April 2022, when Vale concluded the sale of this operation. The results from the coal operation by the closing of the disposal process are presented in these financial statements as “discontinued operations”. Further details in note 16(l). The Company's operations are organized into two operational segments: "Iron Ore Solutions" and "Energy Transition Metals" (note 4). Iron Ore Solutions · Iron ore: Currently, Vale operates three systems in Brazil for the production and distribution of iron ore. The Northern System (Carajás, State of Pará, Brazil) is fully integrated and comprises three mining complexes and a maritime terminal. The Southeast System (Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil) is fully integrated, consisting of three mining complexes, a railway, a maritime terminal, and a port. The Southern System (Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil) consists of two mining complexes and two maritime terminals. In July 2022, the Company concluded the sale of the Midwestern System (note 16g). · Iron ore pellets: Vale operates six pelletizing plants in Brazil and two in Oman. · Manganese: In January 2022, the Company concluded the sale of its ferroalloy operations and, therefore, Vale is no longer a producer of manganese (note 16i). Energy Transition Metals · Nickel: The Company's primary nickel operations are conducted by Vale Canada Limited ("Vale Canada"), which owns mines and processing plants in Canada and Indonesia and nickel refining facilities in the United Kingdom and Japan. In November 2023, the Company signed an agreement for the divestment of PT Vale Indonesia Tbk ("PTVI"), which will result in the loss of control over this operation (note 16b). Vale also has nickel operations in Onça Puma, located in the State of Pará. · Copper: In Brazil, Vale produces copper concentrates at Sossego and Salobo in Carajás, State of Pará. In Canada, Vale produces copper concentrates and copper cathodes associated with its nickel mining operations in Sudbury (located in Ontario), Voisey’s Bay (located in Newfoundland and Labrador), and Thompson (located in Manitoba). · Cobalt, PGM, and other precious metals: The ore extracted by Vale Canada in Sudbury yields cobalt, PGMs (Platinum Group Metals), silver, and gold as by-products, which are processed at refining facilities in Port Colborne, Ontario. In Canada, Vale Canada also produces refined cobalt at its Long Harbour facilities in Newfoundland and Labrador. The copper operations in Sossego and Salobo in Brazil also yield silver and gold as by-products.

Basis of preparation of financi

Basis of preparation of financial statements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Basis of preparation of financial statements	Basis of preparation of financial statements The consolidated financial statements of the Company (“financial statements”) have been prepared and are presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). All relevant information for the preparation of these financial statements, and only this information, are presented and correspond to those used by the Company's Management. The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis and adjusted to reflect: (i) the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments), as well as pension plans assets and (ii) assets impairment. Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. These financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on February 22, 2024. a) New accounting standards and amendments Amendments to IAS 12 - OECD Pillar Two Rules In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) released the Pillar Two model rules to reform international corporate taxation. Multinational economic groups within the scope of these rules are required to calculate their effective tax rate in each country where they operate, the “GloBE effective tax rate”. When the effective GloBE rate of any entity in the economic group, aggregated by jurisdiction where the group operates, is lower than the minimum rate defined at 15%, the multinational group must pay a supplementary amount of tax on profit, referring to the difference between its rate effective GloBE and the minimum tax rate. In May 2023, the IASB made amendments to IAS 12 - Income Taxes, which provide a temporary relief from the requirement to recognize and disclose deferred taxes arising from enacted or substantively enacted tax law that implements the Pillar Two model rules. For the Company, Pillar Two rules will be adopted from 2024 in the Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Japan and Luxembourg. The Company has applied the temporary relief from the requirement to recognize and disclose deferred taxes related to Pillar Two effects and, therefore, there was no impact in these financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company is still assessing the impacts it may have on current income tax expenses for future reporting periods however, the Company currently does not expect any material impacts in its financial statements from the Pillar Two rules. Amendments to IAS 12 – Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction The change is effective for annual years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, and requires the recognition of a deferred tax asset and a deferred tax liability when a single transaction generates taxable and deductible temporary differences at the same time. The adoption of the amendment did not result in any impact in the Company’s financial position nor in the income statement. However, the Company started presenting separately both deferred tax asset and the deferred tax liability arising from decommissioning of assets, environmental obligations, and leasing as presented in note 8(b). Other recently issued or amended accounting standards Certain other new accounting standards, amendments and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for December 31, 2023, reporting periods or have not materially impacted these financial statements. The Company did not early adopt any of these standards and does not expect them to have a material impact in future reporting periods. b) Principles of Consolidation The Company's financial projections reflect the assets, liabilities and transactions of the Parent Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries (“subsidiaries”). Intercompany balances and transactions, which include unrealized profits, are eliminated. A list of the c) Functional currency and presentation currency The financial statements of the Company and its associates and joint ventures are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which each entity operates (“functional currency”), in the case of the Parent Company it is the Brazilian real (“R$”). For presentation purposes, these financial statements are presented in United States dollars (“US$”) as the Company believes that this is how international investors analyze the financial statements. The income statement and cash flows statements of the Parent Company and its investees which have a functional currency other than US$ are translated into US$ at the average monthly exchange rate, the assets and liabilities are translated at the final rate and the other equity items are translated at the historical rate. All monetary exchange differences are recognized in comprehensive income as “Translation adjustments”. When a foreign operation is totally or partially disposed, the monetary exchange differences that were recorded in the equity are recognized in the income statement for the year, see accounting policy in note 15 of these financial statements. The main exchange rates used by the Company to translate its foreign operations are as follows: Schedule of exchange rates used to translate its foreign operations Closing rate Average rate 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 US Dollar ("US$") 4.8413 5.2177 5.5805 4.9954 5.1655 5.3956 Canadian dollar ("CAD") 3.6522 3.8550 4.3882 3.7026 3.9705 4.3042 Euro ("EUR") 5.3516 5.5694 6.3210 5.4023 5.4420 6.3784 d) Critical accounting estimates and judgments The preparation of financial statements requires the use of critical accounting estimates and Management also needs to exercise judgement in applying the Company’s accounting policies. The Company makes estimates about the future based on assumptions. Accounting estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on management's experience and knowledge, information available at the date of the financial statements and other factors, including expectations of future events that are considered reasonable under the circumstances. Accounting estimates, by definition, will seldom equal the actual results. The areas involving significant estimates or judgements or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions are presented in the following notes: Note Significant estimates and judgments 7 Streaming transactions 8 Deferred income taxes and uncertain tax positions 15 Consolidation 18 Mineral reserves and mines useful life 19 Impairment of non-current assets 20 Fair values estimate 25 Liabilities related to Brumadinho 26 Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures 27 Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations 28 Litigation 29 Employee post-retirement obligation e) Material accounting policies The material accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements have been included in the respective notes and are consistent in all years presented. f) Financial information related to sustainability The Company intends to integrate sustainability into its business through a comprehensive approach, based on systematic planning and execution, prioritizing risk and impact management as well as establishing a social, economic and environmental legacy. The investments announced by the Company’s and its strategy for sustainability initiatives were assessed in the context of the Company's critical accounting judgments and key estimates. Future changes in this strategy or in the global scenario may affect the Company's main estimates and may result in material impacts on the income statement and on assets and liabilities of the Company in future reporting periods. Strategy Impact on Financial Statements Reduction of greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions by increasing the energy efficiency of processes and development of solutions based on the substitution of fossil energy sources with renewable or lower emission intensity alternatives - Investing in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures - Expenses along the value chain to support decarbonization - Impairment of assets Investment in renewable energy sources to reduce GHG emisions - Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) - Property, plant, and equipment - Expenses along the value chain to support decarbonization Limited use of high-integrity carbon credits to eventually meet the Scope 3 GHG emissions reduction target - Intangible - Expense of carbon credit - Investing in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures Community safety - Liabilities related to Brumadinho - Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations - Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures Support for small suppliers - Suppliers and contractors Compensation programs aligned with Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) linked business strategy - Employee benefits The main actions taken or announced to date, which have already resulted or will result in a direct impact on the Company's financial statements are described below. Other initiatives are detailed in the Integrated Report, made available at the Company's website, which were not incorporated by reference. Environmental pillar Climate changes In a global context where extreme climate events are becoming more frequent and the average global temperature exceeds historical averages (according to the World Meteorological Organization - WMO), the mapping of these risks and their effects, as well as mitigation actions, becomes crucial for analyzing the Company's strategies. Similarly, governments and regulatory authorities are advancing and tightening their policies. The Company intends to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its operations, in line with the Paris Agreement objective of limiting global warming to well below 2°C (3.6 °F). The Company's strategy considers as main objectives: · 33% reduction in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2030 (based on the emissions from the year 2017) and 100% of electricity consumption from renewable sources by 2030 globally; · Net zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2050; and · 15% net reduction by 2035 of indirect emissions in the value chain by 2035, aligned with the scenario of limiting global warming to 2°C. Decarbonization plan The Company has a plan to meet the target for reducing Scopes 1 and 2 and expects to invest an amount ranging from US$ 4 6 To increase renewable energy sources, in November 2022, the Company announced the operational start-up of the Sol do Cerrado solar project. In July 2023, the Company received the last authorization needed from the National Electric Energy Agency ("ANEEL") for the operation. As of December 31, 2023, the Property, plant, and equipment of Sol do Cerrado was US$ 590 3 The Company also has Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”) with renewable energy suppliers, reducing its Scope 2 emissions. These supply contracts were entered into and continue to be held to own use and, therefore, it falls outside the scope of IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments. The PPAs are accounted for as executory contracts and the expenses are recorded as incurred. Additionally, Vale has assessed its decarbonization goals considering the criteria for provision in accordance with IAS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, and Contingent Assets and it did not record any provision since these commitments are not deemed a legal nor constructive obligation. Carbon pricing All investment decisions are subjected to analysis, considering the internal carbon price per ton of CO2 equivalent. Vale adopts an internal price of US$50/tCO2e, established in accordance with the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition ("CPLC"). The internal carbon price is used in the decision-making process for resource allocation in the Company's current and capital projects. Incorporating a cost for GHG in the feasibility analysis provides a clear demonstration of how these emissions can influence the evaluation of a project during the decision-making process. By assigning a direct financial consequence to emissions, portfolio projects can be assessed more holistically, considering the environmental impact alongside more traditional financial metrics. This practice, in addition to promoting investments in GHG reduction, also positions the Company for a scenario with more stringent regulations. Aiming to incentivize the voluntary carbon market, Vale and the Algar Group signed an agreement for the purchase of high-integrity forest carbon credits until 2030. The agreement stipulated Vale's purchase of approximately 133.000 credits, equivalent to the protection of approximately 50.000 hectares of forest this year. Each carbon credit corresponds to one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent that was not emitted into the atmosphere, in the case of this forest protection project. For each transaction, Vale assesses the business model concerning carbon credits for subsequent classification, recognition, and measurement of its asset. Carbon credits will be recorded as intangible assets and measured at cost in accordance with IAS 38 – Intangible assets. Carbon credits acquired for resale will be recorded as inventories and measured at fair value less costs to sell according to IAS 2 - Inventories. The Company also analyses whether there are embedded derivatives in the sale and purchase contracts of carbon credits as required by IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded expenses of US$ 4 Impact of transition risks related to climate changes on asset carrying values During the development of its strategic plan, the Company assesses scenarios related to climate change and establishes the baseline to guide its business positioning, as well as to test resilience against other exploratory scenarios. The Company's approach to climate change is shaped by an analysis of global megatrends through a scenario-building tool. These scenarios not only provide insights into the future of mining but also influence commodity price forecasts, capital allocation, portfolio decisions, business strategies, and can be associated with the increase in global temperature. In this context, the Company observes the persistence of the typical cycles in the mining industry over the coming decades, driven by an energy transition that unfolds asynchronously and unevenly across different sectors and regions. Vale conducted an analysis of the resilience of its product portfolio in the face of climate change scenarios, based on the International Energy Agency's scenarios. The potential financial impacts on the Company of climate change and the transition to a low carbon economy have been considered in the assessment of the Company’s critical accounting estimates, which includes indicators of impairment, such as demand for the Company’s commodities decreasing, due to policy, regulatory (including carbon pricing mechanisms), legal, technological, market or reputational responses to climate change. The impairment test undertaken by the Company for these financial statements did not result in any asset impairment due to this matter. However, given the complexity of modeling, identification of additional risks, and the planning and execution of actions in response to identified risks, transition risks may result in material impacts on the Company's financial statements in future reporting periods. Physical risk impacts related to climate changes on asset carrying values The Company's operations are exposed to events related to climate change. Therefore, the Company assessed the potential impacts of physical risks related to climate change on the models used for the impairment testing of the assets, such as operational disruptions caused by increased frequency or severity of extreme weather events, and those related to chronic risks resulting from longer-term changes in climate patterns. The Company did not identify any impairment indicators for assets in these financial statements due to the physical risks considered in the assessment. However, given the complexity of physical risk modeling and the ongoing nature of the Company's physical risk assessment process, the identification of additional risks or detailed development of the response to identified risks may result in material impacts on the Company's financial statements in future reporting periods. Social pillar Sustainable mining · In March 2023, the Company started operations at the Gelado Project, which will produce pellet feed from the reutilization of tailings dam deposited at the site for almost four decades. As of December 31, 2023, the Company invested US$ 50 65 · In June 2022, the Company announced the creation of an operation of Corporate Venture Capital (“Vale Ventures”), the objective is to invest approximately US$ 100 In 2023, Vale Ventures invested US$ 19 Also in 2023, Vale Ventures invested US$ 3 · The Company performs the filtration of tailings with its treatment for solid-state stacking, reducing or eliminating disposal in tailings dams. Tailings filtration plants began to be installed by Vale in 2019, with investments in dry stacking and processing systems totaling US$ 144 305 · The implementation and execution of future use projects, after the decommissioning, is not required by law. However, the Company has been studying a governance to assess the future use, considering its aptitudes, post-operational usage intention, socio-economic development of the community and the characteristics of the physical and biotic environments in which Vale operates. Any future commitments, if assumed by Vale, may result in material impact on the amount of the asset retirement obligation provision. · In October 2022, the Company established the company Co-log Logística de Coprodutos S.A ("Agera") to develop and expand the Sustainable Sand business. Agera receives sand produced from the treatment of tailings generated by Vale's iron ore operations and promotes its commercialization and distribution. The new company also invests in research and development of new solutions for the product. The Company disbursed US$ 1 Communities · In 2023, the Company entered into a Cooperation and Commitment Agreement with the Krenak indigenous community to support initiatives focused on ethnodevelopment and education. In 2023, the Company disbursed US$ 5 · In 2023, Vale continued the implementation of the Environmental Basic Plan with the indigenous communities Tupiniquim and Guarani, which includes initiatives for institutional and cultural strengthening, ethnodevelopment, and management. Examples include conducting project management courses, entrepreneurship workshops, biofertilizer production, coffee cultivation, tourism management, among other actions. In 2023, the Company disbursed US$ 2 · Three indigenous communities neighboring Vale's operations in have signed agreements for the development of their consultation protocols, or territorial and environmental management plans, or life plans: Kayapó in Pará, Ka’apor, and Guajajara from the Caru Indigenous Land in Maranhão, in line with the Company's Social Ambition. The Company disbursed US$ 7 · To contribute with its suppliers’ development, the Company has created a website with financial institutions aiming to enable small and medium suppliers to anticipate their receivables with better interest rates. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balances related to these suppliers were US$ 221 202 Governance pillar The Company intends to align compensation programs with the business strategy and to the objective of making Vale a safer company. Since 2020, the Company has been following new standards for executive compensation. For short-term compensation, at least 30% of performance targets are driven by ESG metrics and directly related to safety, risk management and sustainability goals, and for long-term compensation target is at least 25% of targets performance should be based on ESG metrics and health and safety (note 29).

Significant events and transact

Significant events and transactions related to 2023 financial statements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Significant Events And Transactions Related To 2023 Financial Statements
Significant events and transactions related to 2023 financial statements	3. Significant events and transactions related to 2023 financial statements · Acquisition of equity interest in Anglo American Minério de Ferro Brasil S.A. (“Anglo American Brasil”) - In February 2024 (subsequent event), the Company entered into an agreement for the acquisition of 15 157.5 · Shareholders remuneration - During 2023, the Company paid dividends and interest on capital to its shareholders in the amount of US$ 5,513 27,759 2,364 11,722 · Provision related to the Samarco dam failure - In December 2023, the Company reviewed its estimates of outflows to resolve all aspects of the reparation and compensation of the Samarco dam failure. As a result, the Company recognized an addition to the provision in the amount of US$ 1,200 · Divestment of PT Vale Indonesia Tbk (“PTVI”) - In November 2023, the Company signed a Heads of Agreement with PT Mineral Industri Indonesia ("MIND ID") and Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. ("SMM") regarding the divestment obligation in PTVI, with completion expected in 2024 and subject to usual conditions precedent. With the completion of the transaction, Vale will lose control over PTVI and it will account the investment through the equity method. Therefore, the carrying amount of this subsidiary is presented in these financial statements as “held for sale”. Further details are presented in note 16(b) of these financial statements. · Streaming transactions - In November 2023, the first phase of the Salobo III expansion project was completed and Vale received US$ 370 50 160 · Share buyback program - In October 2023, the Board of Directors approved a new common shares buyback program, over 18 months, limited to a maximum of 150 million common shares or their respective ADRs, that aims to continue the previous share buyback program. During 2023, the Company repurchased 184,697,102 2,714 · Strategic partnership on the Energy Transition Metals business - In July 2023, the Company separately signed two agreements, one with Manara Minerals and the other with Engine No. 1, for the sale of a combined 13 3.4 · Notes offering and bond tender offers - In June 2023, Vale issued notes of US$ 1,500 500 22 · Reversal of deferred income tax related to the Renova Foundation - In May 2023, the Company has entered, together with BHP Billiton Brasil Ltda. (“BHPB”), Samarco Mineração S.A. (“Samarco”) and certain creditors of Samarco, into a binding agreement to setting the parameters of Samarco’s debt restructuring that was implemented through a consensual restructuring plan. Under the agreement, contributions made, from May 2023, by Vale and BHPB to the Renova Foundation will be converted into capital contributions to Samarco, which is primarily responsible for payments to the Foundation. Therefore, following the change in the procedure to provide these contributions, Vale will no longer deduct these cash outflows from its income tax computation, resulting in the reversal of the deferred tax asset in the amount of US$ 1,078 · Sale of Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém (“CSP”) - In March 2023, the Company completed the sale of its interest in CSP to ArcelorMittal Brasil S.A. The transaction has resulted in a net cash outflow for the Company in the amount of US$ 67 31

Information by business segment

Information by business segment and geographic area	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Information by business segment and geographic area	Information by business segment and geographic area The segments are aligned with products and reflect the structure used by Management to evaluate the Company’s performance. The responsible bodies for making operational decisions, allocating resources and evaluating performance are the Executive Committee and Board of Directors. Accordingly, the performance of the operating segments is assessed based on a measure of adjusted EBITDA, among other measures. The Company’s adjusted EBITDA is calculated based on the operating income or loss (i) increased by dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures; excluding (ii) depreciation, depletion, and amortization; and (iii) impairment reversal (impairment) and results on disposal of non-current assets. Due to the reorganization of assets and the governance established by the Company for the Energy Transition Metals segment (notes 15 and 16), the Company is reviewing the items currently included in the EBITDA under "Other", especially the expenditures related to general and administrative expenses, research and development, and the results from associates and joint ventures. As a result, starting from 2024, the Company will reclassify some of these items currently classified under "Other" to Iron Ore Solutions and Energy Transition Metals segments. In 2022, the Company allocated the financial information of the Midwestern System to “Other” as this operation was no longer analyzed by the chief operating decision maker as part of the performance of the Iron Ore Solutions business segment due to the binding agreement to sell this operation (note 16g). The comparative information was reclassified to reflect the revision in the allocation criteria. Segment Main activities Iron Ore Solutions Comprise the extraction and production of iron ore, iron ore pellets, other ferrous products, and its logistic related services. Energy Transition Metals Includes the extraction and production of nickel and its by-products (gold, silver, cobalt, precious metals and others), and copper, as well as its by-products (gold and silver). Coal (discontinued operation) Comprise the extraction and production of metallurgical and thermal coal and its logistic related services. Other Includes the revenue and cost of other products, services, research and development, investments in joint ventures and associates of other business and corporate expenses unallocated to the reportable segments, as well as the financial information related to Midwestern system and costs related to the Brumadinho event. a) Adjusted EBITDA Schedule of adjusted EBITDA Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Iron ore (i) 14,888 15,670 26,471 Iron ore pellets 3,122 3,653 4,873 Other ferrous products and services 117 120 136 Iron Ore Solutions 18,127 19,443 31,480 Nickel 851 1,924 1,576 Copper 1,100 569 1,617 Energy Transition Metals 1,951 2,493 3,193 Other (ii) (2,117) (2,176) (3,330) Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations 17,961 19,760 31,343 Depreciation, depletion and amortization (3,070) (3,171) (3,034) Impairment reversal (impairment) and results on disposal of non-current assets, net and other (ii) 16 and 19 (482) 773 (426) Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (iii) (204) (154) (190) Operating income 14,205 17,208 27,693 Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 15 (1,108) 305 (1,271) Financial results 6 (1,946) 2,268 3,119 Income before income taxes 11,151 19,781 29,541 (i) Includes the reclassification of the EBITDA of Midwestern System from the Iron Ore Solutions segment to “Other” in the amounts of US$77 and US$109 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. (ii) Includes adjustments of US$216 for the year ended December 31, 2023, to reflect the performance of the streaming transactions at market prices. (iii) In 2022, the Company received US$65 in dividends from California Steel Industries related to the sale transaction of this investment, which was treated as part of the result of the transaction (note 16h) and, therefore, this amount was not included in the adjusted EBITDA. Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations (coal) - 171 (189) Depreciation, depletion and amortization - - (69) Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net - (589) (3,282) Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures - - (78) Operating loss 16(l) - (418) (3,618) Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures - - (26) Financial results - 3,065 447 Derecognition of noncontrolling interest - (585) - Income (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations (coal) 16(l) - 2,062 (3,197) b) Net operating revenue by shipment destination Schedule of net operating revenue by shipment destination Year ended December 31, 2023 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Iron ore Iron ore pellets Other ferrous products and services Nickel and other products Copper Other Total China 20,641 2 - 642 292 - 21,577 Japan 2,356 279 1 583 - - 3,219 Asia, except Japan and China 2,111 407 10 513 267 - 3,308 Brazil 1,370 1,684 502 63 - 136 3,755 United States of America - 262 - 1,361 - - 1,623 Americas, except United States and Brazil 1 398 1 456 41 - 897 Germany 244 55 2 458 592 - 1,351 Europe, except Germany 1,037 374 - 1,082 1,184 - 3,677 Middle East, Africa, and Oceania - 2,342 - 35 - - 2,377 Net operating revenue 27,760 5,803 516 5,193 2,376 136 41,784 Year ended December 31, 2022 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Iron ore Iron ore pellets Other ferrous products and services Nickel and other products Copper Other Total China 20,545 41 7 1,538 72 - 22,203 Japan 2,557 208 - 765 5 - 3,535 Asia, except Japan and China 2,028 393 13 484 154 47 3,119 Brazil 1,305 1,997 447 60 - 328 4,137 United States of America - 218 - 1,425 - - 1,643 Americas, except United States and Brazil - 472 5 597 - 125 1,199 Germany 357 16 - 597 551 - 1,521 Europe, except Germany 1,396 317 - 1,126 997 - 3,836 Middle East, Africa, and Oceania - 2,594 - 27 - 25 2,646 Net operating revenue 28,188 6,256 472 6,619 1,779 525 43,839 Year ended December 31, 2021 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Iron ore (i) Iron ore pellets Other ferrous products and services Nickel and other products Copper Other Total China 27,296 159 55 904 189 - 28,603 Japan 3,489 488 - 514 32 - 4,523 Asia, except Japan and China 2,998 515 23 592 373 - 4,501 Brazil 1,778 2,417 425 55 - 489 5,164 United States of America 23 369 - 1,151 - - 1,543 Americas, except United States and Brazil 5 725 29 362 40 122 1,283 Germany 558 48 12 657 759 - 2,034 Europe, except Germany 2,175 194 4 1,126 1,197 - 4,696 Middle East, Africa, and Oceania 2 2,138 - 15 - - 2,155 Net operating revenue 38,324 7,053 548 5,376 2,590 611 54,502 (i) Includes the reclassification of the revenues of Midwestern System from the Iron Ore Solutions segment to “Other” in the amounts of US$231 and US$377 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The revenue from a single customer from the Iron Ore Solutions segment amounted to US$4,239, individually representing 10% of the Company's total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023. In 2022 and 2021, no customer individually represented 10% or more of the Company's revenue. c) Assets by segment Schedule of asset by segment December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Other Total Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Other Total Investments in associates and joint ventures 1,349 - 523 1,872 1,296 - 502 1,798 Property, plant and equipment and intangibles 38,376 18,341 3,310 60,027 33,048 19,655 2,473 55,176 Capital expenditures Sustaining capital (i) 2,539 1,610 120 4,269 2,236 1,521 102 3,859 Project execution 1,219 358 74 1,651 866 338 383 1,587 Product inventory 3,758 1,968 194 5,920 3,102 1,859 485 5,446 (i) According to the Company's shareholders remuneration policy, dividends are calculated based on 30% of the adjusted EBITDA less sustaining capital investments. The calculation also considered the investments made on the coal discontinued operation (note 16l), which was US$38 for the year ended December 31, 2022. d) Assets by geographic area Schedule of assets by geographic area December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Investments in associates and joint ventures Intangible Property, plant and equipment Total Investments in associates and joint ventures Intangible Property, plant and equipment Total Brazil 1,872 9,822 33,769 45,463 1,798 8,391 28,210 38,399 Canada - 1,808 11,890 13,698 - 1,845 11,178 13,023 Americas, except Brazil and Canada - - 4 4 - - 4 4 Indonesia (i) - - 59 59 - 1 2,731 2,732 China - 1 14 15 - 1 19 20 Asia, except Indonesia and China - - 731 731 - - 786 786 Europe - - 678 678 - - 747 747 Oman - - 1,251 1,251 - - 1,263 1,263 Total 1,872 11,631 48,396 61,899 1,798 10,238 44,938 56,974 (i) The reduction refers substantially to the reclassification of PTVI's assets presented in these financial statements as “held for sale” in accordance with IFRS 5 – Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations Accounting policy Revenue A substantial portion of Vale's sales operates under Cost and Freight ("CFR") and Cost, Insurance, and Freight ("CIF") Incoterms. In these instances, where the Company provides shipping services after the transfer of control, such services are treated as a distinct performance obligation. A portion of the transaction price is allocated and recognized over time as the shipping services are rendered. Typically, contract payment terms involve upfront payments or the utilization of letters of credit. These terms generally do not have a significant financing component. Occasionally, sale prices are provisionally set at the sale date, with subsequent adjustments based on market fluctuations or contractual terms until the final pricing date. Revenue recognition is based on the estimated fair value of the total consideration receivable. The provisional pricing mechanism embedded in these sales arrangements is deemed to have the characteristics of a derivative. Consequently, the fair value of the final sale price adjustment is continuously reassessed, and any changes are recognized as operational revenue in the income statement.

Costs and expenses by nature

Costs and expenses by nature	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Costs And Expenses By Nature
Costs and expenses by nature	5. Costs and expenses by nature a) Cost of goods sold, and services rendered Schedule of cost of goods sold and services rendered Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Freight (i) 4,251 4,738 4,575 Services 4,131 3,614 2,878 Personnel 2,931 2,684 2,522 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 2,916 3,049 2,857 Materials 2,731 2,256 2,022 Acquisition of products 2,254 2,566 2,277 Fuel oil and gas 1,626 1,630 1,011 Royalties 1,286 1,268 1,370 Energy 781 719 639 Others 1,182 1,504 1,578 Total 24,089 24,028 21,729 (i) The reduction in freight costs in 2023 was mainly due to the decrease of the price of bunker fuel, which is included in the freight price. Mineral Resources Inspection Fare ("TFRM") – In 2021, through an administrative decree, the State of Pará increased the TFRM rate from one fiscal unit of US$0.39 (R$2.11) to three fiscal units of US$2.07 (R$11.19) per metric ton, updated annually and with immediate requirement. However, the Company did not adopt the new rate in 2021, based on the Principle of Anteriority, which establishes that the rate increase would become due from the year following the publication of the decree. In 2022, the Company joined the “ Programa Estrutura Pará 451 459 b) Selling and administrative expenses Schedule of selling and administrative expenses Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Personnel 243 230 217 Services 154 142 124 Depreciation and amortization 47 41 42 Advertisement 26 22 27 Other 83 80 71 Total 553 515 481 c) Other operating expenses, net Schedule of other operating expenses, net Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Expenses related to Brumadinho event 25 930 1,079 851 Expenses related to de-characterization of dams 27(a) 153 72 1,725 Asset decommissioning obligations 27(b) 5 23 121 Provision for litigations 28(a) 229 153 98 Profit sharing program 147 131 126 Disposals of materials and inventories 74 46 5 COVID-19 expenses - - 44 Other (40) 218 6 Total 1,498 1,722 2,976

Financial results

Financial results	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Financial results	6. Financial results Schedule of financial result Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Financial income Short-term investments 309 440 226 Other 123 80 111 Total financial income 432 520 337 Financial expenses Loans and borrowings gross interest 10(c) (744) (612) (671) Capitalized loans and borrowing costs 10(d) 19 47 59 Interest on REFIS (148) (152) (54) Interest on lease liabilities 24 (62) (64) (63) Bond premium repurchase 10(c) (22) (113) (63) Interest on accounts payable (203) (51) (45) Other (299) (234) (412) Total financial expenses (1,459) (1,179) (1,249) Other financial items, net Foreign exchange and indexation gains (losses), net (1,643) (975) 132 Participative shareholders' debentures (i) 22 (179) 659 (716) Financial guarantees (i) 32(b) - 481 312 Derivative financial instruments, net 20 903 1,154 (23) Reclassification of cumulative translation adjustments to the income statement 15(a) and 16 - 1,608 4,326 Total other financial expenses (919) 2,927 4,031 Total (1,946) 2,268 3,119 (i) Items reclassified in comparative to maintain consistency of disclosure. Accounting policy Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate effective on the date of the transaction The accounting policies related to the other items of the financial result are shown in the notes, “15. Investments in associates and joint ventures”, “22. Participative shareholders’ debentures”, “23. Loans, borrowing, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments” and “24. Leases”.

Streaming transactions

Streaming transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Streaming Transactions
Streaming transactions	7. Streaming transactions a) Statement of Financial Position Schedule of statement of financial position December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total Gold streaming 68 1,521 1,589 53 1,184 1,237 Cobalt streaming 22 441 463 28 428 456 Total contract liabilities 90 1,962 2,052 81 1,612 1,693 b) Effects on the income statement Schedule of effects on the income statement Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cobalt streaming 14 49 55 Gold streaming 134 37 43 Fixed revenue - Contract liabilities realized 148 86 98 Cobalt streaming 3 11 12 Gold streaming 93 74 82 Variable revenue - Additional payments received 96 85 94 Gold streaming Vale have sold to Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. (“Wheaton”) an aggregate of (i) 75% of the by-product gold contained in concentrate from our Salobo copper mine, in Brazil, for the life of mine, and (ii) 70% of the by-product gold from our Sudbury nickel mines, in Canada, for 20 years. Regarding these streaming transactions: Vale received upfront payments of (i) US$ 1.9 900 800 400 As per the Salobo gold by-product stream purchase agreement, Vale was entitled to receive an additional cash payment if the Company expanded its capacity to process Salobo copper ores to more than 28 Mtpy before 2036. In March 2023, Vale agreed with Wheaton to amend this agreement to adjust the additional cash payment terms. These conditions are linked to the “Salobo III” project, which is the brownfield expansion of Salobo through the increase in copper processing capacity. In November 2023, the first phase of the Salobo III expansion project was completed and Vale received US$ 370 50 160 5.1 8.5 Cobalt streaming In June 2018, Vale sold to Wheaton and Cobalt 27 Capital Corp. (“Cobalt 27”) a combined 75% of the cobalt produced as a by-product at its Voisey’s Bay mine from January 1, 2021, for the amount of US$ 690 Accounting policy The Company bifurcates both streaming transactions Sale of mineral rights - Extraction services - Contract liability is initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and is subsequently carried at amortized cost and updated using the effective interest rate method. Contract liability is released to the income statement based on the units of production, that is, revenue is calculated based on volume produced compared to the total proved and probable reserves of gold or cobalt, which are reviewed and remeasured annually. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Defining the result on sale of mineral interest and the contractual liabilities portion of the streaming transaction it is required the use of critical accounting estimates including, but not limited to: (i) allocation of costs between the product and the by-product based on relative prices; (ii) expected margin for the independent components (sale of mineral rights and service for gold and cobalt extraction); and (iii) discount rates used to measure the present value of future inflows and outflows.

Taxes

Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Taxes	Taxes a) Income tax reconciliation The reconciliation of the taxes calculated according to the nominal tax rates and the amount of taxes recorded is shown below: Schedule of income tax reconciliation Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Income before income taxes 11,151 19,781 29,541 Income taxes at statutory rate (34%) (3,791) (6,726) (10,044) Adjustments that affect the taxes basis: Tax incentives 1,071 1,247 2,826 Income tax benefit from interest on capital 789 556 260 Equity results 88 84 167 Addition of tax loss carryforward 409 899 663 Reclassification of cumulative adjustments to the income statement - 547 1,471 Reversal of deferred income tax related to Renova Foundation 26(e) (1,078) - - Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures 26(c) (404) - - Other (130) 422 (40) Income taxes (3,046) (2,971) (4,697) Current tax (1,375) (2,020) (5,663) Deferred tax (1,671) (951) 966 Income taxes (3,046) (2,971) (4,697) b) Deferred income tax assets and liabilities Tax loss carryforward does not expire in the Brazilian jurisdiction and their compensation is limited to 30% of the taxable income for the year. The local profits of foreign subsidiaries are also taxed in Brazil and there is no restriction on their offset against tax losses generated previously by the foreign entity. Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Taxes losses carryforward 5,704 5,908 - - Temporary differences: Asset retirement obligations and other liabilities (i) 4,165 4,875 (807) (714) Fair value of financial instruments 735 839 - - Employee post-retirement obligation 478 411 - - Provision for litigation 306 364 - - Fair value of property, plant and equipment in business combination - - (2,034) (2,205) Goodwill amortization - - (575) (518) Other 723 397 - - 12,111 12,794 (3,416) (3,437) Financial position Assets 9,565 10,770 - - Liabilities - - (870) (1,413) (i) Following the adoption of the amendment to IAS 12 – Deferred Taxes related to Assets and Liabilities Arising from a Single Transaction, the Company started disclosing separately the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities arising from the decommissioning of assets, environmental obligations, and leases, which resulted in an increase of US$807 in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Comparative information was restated to reflect the effects of the adoption, resulting in an increase of US$714 in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Therefore, there has been no impact on the deferred tax balances recorded in the Company's financial statements. The following table shows the changes in deferred tax assets and liability: Schedule of changes in deferred tax assets and liability Assets Liabilities Deferred taxes, net Balance as of December 31, 2021 11,441 1,881 9,560 Taxes losses carryforward (68) - (68) Provision for asset retirement obligations and other liabilities (488) 114 (602) Fair value of financial instruments (634) - (634) Allocated goodwill - (607) 607 Other (254) - (254) Effect in income statement (1,444) (493) (951) Employee post-retirement obligation (116) - (116) Fair value of financial instruments 73 - 73 Other comprehensive income (43) - (43) Transfer between assets and liabilities 130 130 - Translation adjustment 686 (77) 763 Sale of California Steel Industries - (28) 28 Balance as of December 31, 2022 10,770 1,413 9,357 Taxes losses carryforward (609) - (609) Provision for asset retirement obligations and other liabilities (1,123) 86 (1,209) Fair value of financial instruments (168) - (168) Allocated goodwill - (64) 64 Other 251 - 251 Effect in income statement (1,649) 22 (1,671) Employee post-retirement obligation 34 - 34 Fair value of financial instruments 32 - 32 Other comprehensive income 66 - 66 Transfer between assets and liabilities (371) (371) - Translation adjustment 749 19 730 Transfer to asset to held for sale - (213) - Balance as of December 31, 2023 9,565 870 8,482 c) Tax incentives In Brazil, the Company has tax incentives to partially reduce the income tax generated by the operations conducted in the North region that includes iron ore, copper, and nickel. The incentive is calculated based on the taxable income of the incentive activity (tax operating income) and considers the allocation of tax operating income into different incentives applicable to different tranches of production during specified periods for each product, usually 10 years. In addition to these incentives, the income tax payable can be reduced by investing in the acquisition of new machinery and equipment, subject to subsequent approval by the Superintendence for the Development of the Amazon (“SUDAM”). As determined by the Brazilian law, the tax savings obtained because of these incentives must be recorded in the retained earnings reserve in equity and cannot be distributed as dividends to shareholders. The Company’s tax incentives will mostly expire in 2024 and the last tax incentive is expiring in 2027. The effects on the income statement are presented as “tax incentives” in note 8(a). d) Income taxes - Settlement program (“REFIS”) Schedule of income taxes settlement program December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current liabilities 428 371 Non-current liabilities 1,723 1,869 REFIS liabilities 2,151 2,240 SELIC rate 11.75 13.75 The balance mainly relates to the settlement program of claims regarding the collection of income tax and social contribution on equity gains of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates from 2003 to 2012. This amount bears SELIC interest rate (Special System for Settlement and Custody) and will be paid in monthly installments until October 2028 and the impact of the SELIC over the liability is recorded under the Company’s financial results (note 6). e) Uncertain tax positions (“UTP”) The Company is engaged in administrative and judicial discussions with tax authorities in Brazil in relation to certain tax positions adopted by the Company for calculating income tax and social contribution on net income. The final determination is uncertain and depends on factors not controlled by the Company, such as changes in case law and changes in tax laws and regulations. The Company is subject to the assessment of income tax by local tax authorities in a range up to 10 years depending on jurisdiction where the Company operates. The amount under discussion with the tax authorities is US$ 5,408 4,223 754 564 Schedule of uncertain tax positions December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assessed (i) Not in dispute (ii) Total Assessed (i) Not in dispute (ii) Total UTPs not recorded on statement of financial position (iii) Transfer pricing over the exportation of ores to a foreign subsidiary 2,144 3,010 5,154 1,190 2,592 3,782 Expenses of interest on capital 1,511 - 1,511 1,288 - 1,288 Proceeding related to income tax paid abroad 512 - 512 439 - 439 Goodwill amortization 606 190 796 578 223 801 Payments to Renova Foundation 167 536 703 29 530 559 Other 468 - 468 699 - 699 Total not recoeded on statement of financial position 5,408 3,736 9,144 4,223 3,345 7,568 UTPs recorded on statement of financial position Deduction of CSLL in Brazil 183 - 183 155 - 155 Total recorded on statement of financial position 183 - 183 155 - 155 (i) Includes the tax effects arising from the reduction of the tax losses and negative basis of the CSLL without fines and interest. (ii) Includes the principal, without fines and interest. (iii) Based on the assessment of its internal and external legal advisors, the Company believes that the tax treatment adopted for these matters will be accepted in decisions of the higher courts on last instance. Transfer pricing calculation over the exportation of ores to a foreign subsidiary - The Company maintains the method of calculating the transfer pricing, as it considers it to be the most appropriate tax treatment for interpreting the rules in force and applicable to the subject and is discussing the charges at the administrative level. The total amount in dispute is US$ 1,630 829 514 361 2,144 1,190 3,010 2,592 Expenses of interest on equity capital (“JCP”) - 1,367 1,154 144 134 1,511 1,288 Proceeding related to income tax paid abroad - 512 439 Goodwill amortization - The Company is discussing the charges at the administrative level and the amount under discussion is US$ 540 517 66 61 606 578 190 223 Payments to Renova Foundation - The mentioned payments were deducted until April 2023 when Vale entered into a binding agreement jointly with BHPB, Samarco, and certain creditors of Samarco, establishing the parameters for the restructuring of Samarco's debt. This restructuring was implemented through a consensual reorganization plan, which was approved by the Judicial Recovery Court in September 2023. According to the agreement, contributions made by Vale to the Renova Foundation from May 2023 onward will be converted into capital contributions to Samarco and, therefore, will no longer be deductible. Further details on Samarco's judicial recovery are provided in note 26(a) of these financial statements. The Company received tax assessment notices for the periods 2016 to 2018, for the collection of IRPJ and CSLL on the grounds that expenses incurred with Renova Foundation were unduly deducted for allegedly not being considered necessary. The total amount assessed is US$ 140 24 27 5 167 29 536 530 Deduction of CSLL from the taxable income - ação rescisória Meanwhile, the Federal Supreme Court (“STF”) is judging two extraordinary appeals with impact to all taxpayers. These appeals are discussing how long a court decision related to a tax matter would remain valid if the STF had subsequently issued a contrary decision. Due to the developments of this matter in the STF during 2023 and based on the updated assessment of its legal advisors, the Company concluded that the tax treatment previously adopted will probably not be accepted by the tax authority and, therefore, it recognized a liability as “Taxes payable” for the year ended December 31, 2022. The amount for the year ended December 31, 2023, is US$ 183 155 Non-incidence of IRPJ and CSLL on SELIC rate in the repetition of undue payment - 34 f) Recoverable and payable taxes Schedule of recoverable and payable taxes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Value-added tax ("ICMS") 232 5 25 261 1 46 Brazilian federal contributions ("PIS" and "COFINS") (i) 355 1,010 615 690 740 35 Income taxes 302 358 429 309 369 221 Financial compensation for the exploration of mineral resources ("CFEM") - - 93 - - 54 Other 11 1 152 12 - 114 Total 900 1,374 1,314 1,272 1,110 470 (i) In December 2023, a judicial decision was issued in a lawsuit related with Brazilian federal contributions (“PIS” and “COFINS”), which is fully guaranteed by a judicial deposit, determining the conversion of part of the judicial deposit to the Government, resulting in the reclassification of the amount to payable taxes. Further details are presented in note 28 of these financial statements. ICMS included in PIS and COFINS computation tax base - 26 The lawsuit that covers the triggering events that occurred between December 2001 and February 2012, resulted in the recognition of a gain in the amount of US$ 145 67 78 Accounting policy The Brazilian corporate tax law requires the taxation of income generated by foreign subsidiaries, and as a result, the income tax charge is computed using the tax rate enacted at the end of the reporting period in Brazil. The impact of the income tax calculation in the consolidated financial statements is determined by applying the differential between the Brazilian income tax rate and the local income tax rate of each jurisdiction where the Company's subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Taxes Management regularly assesses positions taken in tax returns concerning situations where applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. Provisions are recorded, as needed, based on expected amounts payable to tax authorities. Liabilities related to uncertain tax positions are recorded only when it is deemed, with a more-likely-than-not probability, that these positions will not withstand challenges, if any, from taxing authorities, based on input from internal and external legal advisors. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the carrying amount and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as tax losses carryforwards. However, deferred tax liabilities arising from the initial recognition of goodwill are not recognized. Additionally, deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction unrelated to a business combination that, at the time of the transaction, has no impact on accounting or taxable profit or loss. Offset of deferred tax assets and liabilities occurs when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities, and when the deferred tax balances pertain to the same taxation authority. Deferred tax assets resulting from tax losses and temporary differences are not recognized when it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available against which these differences and/or tax losses can be utilized. Current and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss unless it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In such cases, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Deferred income tax - Uncertain tax positions -

Basic and diluted earnings (los

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Basic And Diluted Earnings Loss Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share	9. Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share The basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are presented below: Schedule of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net income attributable to Vale's shareholders Net income from continuing operations 7,983 16,728 24,736 Net income (loss) from discontinued operations - 2,060 (2,291) Net income 7,983 18,788 22,445 Thousands of shares Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 4,366,130 4,637,794 5,012,424 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potential ordinary shares 4,369,961 4,642,432 5,016,848 Basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations Common share (US$) 1.83 3.61 4.93 Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations Common share (US$) - 0.44 (0.46) Basic and diluted earnings per share Common share (US$) 1.83 4.05 4.47

Cash flows reconciliation

Cash flows reconciliation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash Flows Reconciliation
Cash flows reconciliation	Cash flows reconciliation a) Cash flow from operating activities Schedule of cash flow from operating activities Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Cash flow from operating activities: Income before income taxes 11,151 19,781 29,541 Adjusted for: Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 15 1,108 (305) 1,271 Impairment (impairment reversal) and results on disposal of non-current assets, net 19 266 (773) 426 Provisions related to Brumadinho 25 461 400 201 Provision for de-characterization of dams 27 153 72 1,725 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 3,070 3,171 3,034 Financial results, net 6 1,946 (2,268) (3,119) Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 11 197 (325) 1,029 Inventories 12 (214) 45 (503) Suppliers and contractors 13 637 495 251 Other assets and liabilities, net (1,523) (1,531) (442) Cash flow from operations 17,252 18,762 33,414 b) Cash flow from investing activities Schedule of cash flow from investing activities Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Disbursement related to VNC sale 16(m) - (555) Proceeds from disposal of Mosaic shares 16(j) - 1,259 Cash received from the sale of California Steel Industries 16(h) - 437 - Cash received from the sale of Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 16(f) 1,082 - - Cash contribution to Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 16(f) (1,149) - - Cash received from the sale of Midwestern System 16(g) - 140 - Disbursement related to MRN sale 16(d) (72) - - Proceeds (payments) from disposal of investments, net (139) 577 704 c) Reconciliation of debt to cash flows arising from financing activities Schedule of reconciliation of debt to cash flows Quoted in the secondary market Debt contracts in Brazil Debt contracts on the international market Total December 31, 2021 7,974 380 3,826 12,180 Additions - - 1,275 1,275 Payments (i) (1,441) (220) (639) (2,300) Interest paid (ii) (650) (45) (90) (785) Cash flow from financing activities (2,091) (265) 546 (1,810) Effect of exchange rate 126 7 (55) 78 Interest accretion 488 158 87 733 Non-cash changes 614 165 32 811 December 31, 2022 6,497 280 4,404 11,181 Additions 1,500 - 450 1,950 Payments (i) (542) (50) (66) (658) Interest paid (ii) (454) (24) (265) (743) Cash flow from financing activities 504 (74) 119 549 Effect of exchange rate 19 20 (64) (25) Interest accretion 454 24 288 766 Non-cash changes 473 44 224 741 December 31, 2023 7,474 250 4,747 12,471 (i) Includes bond premium repurchase. (ii) Classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Funding · In September 2023, the Company contracted a loan of US$ 150 · In June 2023, Vale issued notes of US$ 1,500 6.125 99.117 6.245 · In March 2023, the Company contracted a loan of US$ 300 · In July 2022, the Company contracted the credit line of US$ 150 · In May 2022, the Company contracted a loan of US$ 200 · In January 2022, the Company contracted two loans of US$ 425 Payments · In June 2023, Vale redeemed notes with maturity date in 2026, 2036 and 2039, in the total amount of US$ 500 22 · In January 2023, the Company paid principal and interest of debentures, in the amount of U$ 24 · In August 2022, the Company settled its infrastructure debentures of the 2nd series, by a payment of US$ 170 · In June 2022, the Company repurchased US$ 1,291 113 · In January 2022, the Company prepaid US$ 200 d) Non-cash transactions Schedule of non-cash transactions Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Non-cash transactions: Additions to PP&E - capitalized loans and borrowing costs 19 47 59

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable Schedule of accounts receivable Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Receivables from contracts with customers Third parties Iron Ore Solutions 3,406 3,132 Energy Transition Metals 743 984 Other 3 35 Related parties 31 89 211 Accounts receivable 4,241 4,362 Expected credit loss (44) (43) Accounts receivable, net 4,197 4,319 Provisionally priced commodities sales – The sensitivity of the Company’s risk related to the final settlement of provisionally priced accounts receivables is detailed below: Schedule of sensitivity of the company's risk on final settlement December 31, 2023 Thousand metric tons Provisional price (US$/ton) Variation Effect on Revenue (US$ million) Iron ore 29,594 139 +/- 10 +/- 412 Copper 95 8,026 +/- 10 +/- 76 Accounting policy Accounts receivable The Company applies the IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments simplified approach for measuring expected credit losses. This approach utilizes a lifetime expected loss allowance for all accounts receivable. A provision matrix, established by the Company, forms the basis for this measurement. The matrix incorporates historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the economic environment, and considers any financial guarantees associated with these accounts receivables.

Inventories

Inventories	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Inventories	Inventories Schedule of inventories December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Finished products Iron Ore Solutions 2,457 2,126 Energy Transition Metals 640 651 Total finished products 3,097 2,777 Work in progress 567 800 Consumable inventory 1,159 1,010 Net realizable value provision (i) (139) (105) Total of inventories 4,684 4,482 (i) In 2023, the effect of provision for net realizable value was US$54 (2022: US$44). The cost of goods sold is presented in note 5(a). Accounting policy Inventories

Suppliers and contractors

Suppliers and contractors	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Suppliers and contractors	Suppliers and contractors Schedule of amount due to suppliers Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Third parties – Brazil 3,461 2,691 Third parties – Abroad 1,653 1,599 Related parties 31 158 171 Total 5,272 4,461 The Company has transactions with certain suppliers, which allows them to anticipate their receivables and the Company to extend its payment term within the short term, that is, during its operational cycle. The outstanding balance related to those transactions was US$ 1,438 743 221 202 Accounting policy The Company assesses whether the payment term extension arrangement substantially modifies the original liability based on qualitative and quantitative aspects

Other financial assets and liab

Other financial assets and liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Financial Assets And Liabilities
Other financial assets and liabilities	Other financial assets and liabilities Schedule of other financial assets and liabilities Current Non-Current Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Other financial assets Restricted cash - - 4 77 Derivative financial instruments 20 271 342 544 196 Investments in equity securities (i) - - 45 7 271 342 593 280 Other financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments 20 36 90 95 186 Other financial liabilities - Related parties 31(b) 290 400 - - Financial guarantees provided (ii) 32(b) - - - 103 Liabilities related to the concession grant 14(a) 591 416 3,278 2,554 Contract liability and other financial liabilities (iii) 759 766 - - 1,676 1,672 3,373 2,843 (i) It mainly relates to a 2.66% noncontrolling interest in Boston Electrometallurgical Company, which aims to promote the development of a technology focused on reducing carbon dioxide emissions in steel production, and a 2.01% noncontrolling interest in Allonia LLC, a transformative biology startup. (ii) In March 2023, the Company completed the sale of its interest in CSP and derecognized the financial guarantee granted by the Company. (iii) Includes advances received from customers that meets the definition of contract liability described in IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers and other financial liabilities that meets the definition of a financial liability described in IAS 32 - Financial Instruments: Presentation. a) Liabilities related to the concession grant In December 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with the Federal Government to continue operating its concessions of the Estrada de Ferro Carajás (“EFC”) and Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas (“EFVM”) for thirty years more, extending the maturity date from 2027 to 2057. Schedule of liabilities related to the concession grant Consolidated Discount rate Reference 31-Dec-22 Revision to estimates and new provisions Monetary and present value adjustments Disbursements 31-Dec-23 31-Dec-23 31-Dec-22 Remaining term of obligations Payment obligation (a.i) 954 55 176 (55) 1,130 11.04 11.04 34 Infrastructure investment (a.ii) 2,016 719 267 (263) 2,739 5.17 5.54 6.08 6.23 8 2,970 774 443 (318) 3,869 Current liabilities 416 591 Non-current liabilities 2,554 3,278 Liabilities 2,970 3,869 (a.i) Payment obligation The Company will make payments for the concession grants in quarterly installments through the concession period. This obligation is updated annually by the readjustment index for monetary exchange (“IRT”), which was 4.82 6.47 55 In addition, the ANTT may require, at their discretion, further investments on the concession network. Furthermore, there is a requirement for the Company to complete a minimum percentage of certain investments by 2028. In these circumstances, discussions on the economic and financial rebalancing of the contracts will be required and depending on the result of the physical inventory review and if new investments are demanded, the carrying amount of grant payable may have a material impact in the future. In January 2024 (subsequent event), the Company was notified by the Ministry of Transport related to the asset base of the railway network which, in the understanding of the Ministry of Transport, should be amortized until the end of the concession and should not reduce the value of the grant. The Ministry of Transport required the Company to present measures to recover any compensation from the public authorities for assets covered by this notification. The Company has presented its arguments and understands that the provisions recorded are adequate to comply with obligations related to the concession. (a.ii) Infrastructure investment Midwestern Integration Railroad ("FICO") - 1,584 1,415 Infrastructure program - 565 West-East Integration Railway (“FIOL”) - The construction of FICO and the execution of the Infrastructure Program are Vale's responsibility and changes in relation to the original budgets may materially change the balance of the provision in the future. (a.iii) Guarantee As of December 31, 2021, as a condition for signing the contracts, the Company contracted a guarantee. These insurance contracts guarantee compensation, up to the amount established in the policy, for any losses arising from non-compliance of the contractual obligations assumed by Vale in the concession contracts. The amount of insurance coverage is US$ 236 209 11 13 Accounting policy Concessions Grant payments are discounted using the regulatory weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), which is the interest rate explicit in the concession agreement as determined by the ANTT, and payments related to other investment obligations are discounted at an incremental rate to reflect the time value of money, that is, a risk-free interest rate applicable to the economic environment in which the Company operates and with terms and conditions equivalent to the obligations assumed. The amounts payable in relation to the concession granted accounted for as intangible in accordance with the accounting policy, disclosed in note 17.

Investments in associates and j

Investments in associates and joint ventures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments In Associates And Joint Ventures
Investments in associates and joint ventures	15. Investments in associates and joint ventures Schedule of investment in associated and joint ventures Associates and joint ventures % ownership December 31, 2022 Additions and capitalizations Equity results in income statement Dividends declared Translation adjustment Transfer to assets held for sale Other December 31, 2023 Iron Ore Solutions Baovale Mineração S.A. 50.00 24 - 3 (2) 2 - 1 28 Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização 50.00 80 - 17 (30) 6 - - 73 Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização 50.89 48 - 16 (18) 3 - - 49 Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização 50.90 62 - 16 (20) 5 - - 63 Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização 51.00 145 - 39 (45) 11 - - 150 MRS Logística S.A. 48.45 509 - 118 (28) 42 - (1) 640 VLI S.A. 29.60 428 - (108) - 25 - 1 346 Samarco Mineração S.A. (note 26) 50.00 - - - - - - - - 1,296 - 101 (143) 94 - 1 1,349 Energy Transition Metals PT Kolaka Nickel Indonesia 18.30 - - - - - (13) 13 - - - - - - (13) 13 - Others Aliança Geração de Energia S.A. 55.00 340 - 48 (60) 28 - - 356 Aliança Norte Energia Participações S.A. 51.00 106 - (8) - 8 - - 106 Other 56 1 3 - 5 - (4) 61 502 1 43 (60) 41 - (4) 523 Equity results in associates and joint ventures 1,798 1 144 (203) 135 (13) 10 1,872 Other results in associates and joint ventures (notes 16 and 26) (i) - - (1,252) - - - - - Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 1,798 1 (1,108) (203) 135 (13) 10 1,872 (i) It mainly refers to the addition to the provision related to the Samarco dam failure (note 26) and other results related to investments disposals (note 16). Capital reduction in a foreign subsidiary – In August 2022, the Company approved a capital reduction in the amount of US$ 1,500 1,543 4,906 a) Summarized financial information The summarized financial information about relevant associates and joint ventures for the Company are as follows. The stand-alone financial statements of those entities may differ from the financial information reported herein, which is prepared considering Vale’s accounting policies and using the most recent financial information available adjusted for the effects of significant transactions or events that occur between the date of the financial information and the date of the Company’s financial statements. The summarized financial information about Samarco is presented in note 26. Summarized financial information about relevant associates and joint ventures December 31, 2023 Aliança Geração de Energia Aliança Norte Energia Participações Pelletizing plants (i) MRS Logística VLI S.A. Current assets 120 - 374 954 935 Non-current assets 1,064 210 420 2,779 3,309 Total assets 1,184 210 794 3,733 4,244 Current liabilities 171 - 133 704 933 Non-current liabilities 365 2 1 1,709 2,143 Total liabilities 536 2 134 2,413 3,076 Equity 648 208 660 1,320 1,168 Net revenue 230 - 194 1,291 1,682 Net income (loss) 88 (15) 172 243 (366) December 31, 2022 Aliança Geração de Energia Aliança Norte Energia Participações CSP Pelletizing plants (i) MRS Logística VLI S.A. Current assets 140 - 827 497 387 760 Non-current assets 921 209 2,709 328 2,398 3,649 Total assets 1,061 209 3,536 825 2,785 4,409 Current liabilities 161 - 491 164 509 810 Non-current liabilities 282 1 2,450 1 1,219 2,153 Total liabilities 443 1 2,941 165 1,728 2,963 Equity 618 208 595 660 1,057 1,446 Net revenue 215 - 2,399 420 1,083 1,376 Net income (loss) 57 (13) 387 272 169 (29) (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização, and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização. b) Subsidiaries The significant consolidated entities in each business segment are as follows: Schedule of material consolidated entities in each business segment Location Main activity/Business % Ownership % Voting capital % Noncontrolling interest Direct and indirect subsidiaries Companhia Portuária da Baía de Sepetiba Brazil Iron ore 100.0 100.0 0.0 Minerações Brasileiras Reunidas S.A. (“MBR”) Brazil Iron ore 100.0 100.0 0.0 Salobo Metais S.A. Brazil Copper 100.0 100.0 0.0 PT Vale Indonesia Indonesia Nickel 44.3 44.3 55.7 Vale Base Metals Limited United Kingdom Holding 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Holdings B.V. Netherlands Holding and research 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Canada Limited Canada Nickel 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale International S.A. Switzerland Trading and holding 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Malaysia Minerals Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia Iron ore 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Oman Distribution Center LLC Oman Iron ore and pelletizing plant 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Oman Pelletizing Company LLC Oman Pelletizing plant 100.0 100.0 0.0 c) Noncontrolling interest Summarized financial information The summarized financial information, prior to the eliminations of the intercompany balances and transactions, about subsidiaries with material noncontrolling interest is as follows. The stand-alone financial statements of those entities may differ from the financial information reported herein, which is prepared considering Vale’s accounting policies. Summarized financial information of noncontrolling interest December 31, 2023 PTVI (note 16b) Other Total Current assets 885 - - Non-current assets 2,977 - - Related parties – Shareholders 83 - - Total assets 3,945 - - Current liabilities 221 - - Non-current liabilities 239 - - Related parties – Shareholders - - - Total liabilities 460 - - Equity 3,484 - - Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,599 (79) 1,520 Net income 207 - - Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 144 (22) 122 Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests 33 8 41 December 31, 2022 PTVI Vale Oman Pelletizing (note 16e) Other Total Current assets 853 84 - - Non-current assets 2,147 581 - - Related parties – Shareholders 113 81 - - Total assets 3,113 746 - - Current liabilities 183 96 - - Non-current liabilities 249 149 - - Related parties – Shareholders - 297 - - Total liabilities 432 542 - - Equity 2,681 204 - - Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,492 61 (62) 1,491 Net income 181 29 - - Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 101 9 (28) 82 Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests - 12 - 12 December 31, 2021 PTVI Vale Moçambique Vale Oman Pelletizing Other Total Current assets 771 420 92 - - Non-current assets 1,875 195 633 - - Related parties – Shareholders 82 6 25 - - Total assets 2,728 621 750 - - Current liabilities 174 224 97 - - Non-current liabilities 70 74 157 - - Related parties – Shareholders - 12,072 296 - - Total liabilities 244 12,370 550 - - Equity (negative reserves) 2,484 (11,749) 200 - - Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,383 (587) 60 (21) 834 Net income 198 326 27 - - Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 110 (85) 8 (10) 23 Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests 18 - 12 - 30 Accounting policy Subsidiaries Transactions with noncontrolling interests Loss of control Investments in associates and joint arrangements Joint arrangements are all entities over which the Company shares control with one or more parties. The classification of joint arrangement investments as joint operations or joint ventures depends on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor. Joint operations are recorded in the financial statements to represent the Company’s contractual rights and obligations. Accordingly, assets, liabilities, income and expenses related to the joint operation are individually recorded in the financial statements. Interests in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, recognized initially at cost. The Company's investment in joint ventures includes identified goodwill from the acquisition, net of any impairment loss. The Company's interest in joint venture profits or losses is recognized in the income statement, and participation in changes in reserves is reflected in the Company's reserves. If the Company's interest in the losses of an associate or joint venture equals or exceeds the carrying amount of the investment, including any other receivables, additional losses are not recognized unless obligations or payments have been made on behalf of the joint venture. In addition, the financial information used for associates and joint ventures to account for their impact in these financial statements may diverge from the stand-alone financial statements of those entities due to adjustments to Vale's accounting policy and variations in reporting periods. Cumulative translation adjustments In alignment with its accounting policy, the Company has chosen to treat a capital reduction in an investment in a foreign operation under the absolute value approach as described in (ii) above. Consequently, the exchange differences initially recorded in equity are reclassified to the income statement in the same proportion as the reduction in the net investment held in the foreign operation. Critical accounting estimates and judgments In certain scenarios, judgment is necessary to determine whether, after considering all relevant factors, the Company exercises control, joint control, or significant influence over an entity. Significant influence includes situations involving collective control. The Company holds the majority of the voting capital in five joint arrangements (Aliança Geração de Energia S.A., Aliança Norte Energia Participações S.A., Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização, and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização). However, management has concluded that the Company lacks a sufficiently dominant voting interest to direct the activities of these entities. Consequently, these entities are accounted for using the equity method due to shareholder agreements where relevant decisions are shared with other parties. Vale and Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd. ("SMM") jointly own a 44.3% and 15% equity interest in PT Vale Indonesia Tbk ("PTVI"), resulting in a total 59.3% interest in PTVI. Vale and SMM have a Shareholders' Agreement ("Block voting agreement"), stipulating that SMM will adhere to Vale's guidelines in decision-making on financial and operational matters crucial to PTVI's management. Consequently, the Company consolidates PTVI in its financial statements.

Acquisitions and divestitures

Acquisitions and divestitures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquisitions And Divestitures
Acquisitions and divestitures	16. Acquisitions and divestitures Effects on the income statement Schedule of acquisitions and divestitures Year ended December 31, 2023 Cumulative translation adjustments Result of the transaction Reference Other financial items, net Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Total recycling from OCI Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Mineração Rio do Norte 16(d) - - - - (87) Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 16(f) - - - - 31 - - - - (56) Year ended December 31, 2022 Cumulative translation adjustments Result of the transaction Reference Other financial items, net Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Total recycling from OCI Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém (i) 16(f) - - - - (135) Midwestern System 16(g) 37 - 37 1,121 - California Steel Industries 16(h) - 150 150 - 142 Manganese 16(i) - - - (10) - Other 28 - 28 - (9) 65 150 215 1,111 (2) Discontinued operations (Coal) 16(l) 3,072 3,072 (589) - 3,137 150 3,287 522 (2) (i) Includes impairment of the investment in the amount of US$111 and a provision for accounts receivable with CSP in the amount of US$24. Year ended December 31, 2021 Cumulative translation adjustments Result of the transaction Reference Other financial items, net Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Total recycling from OCI Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Midwestern System 16(g) - - - (78) - Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie 16(m) 1,132 - 1,132 (98) - Vale Shipping Holding 16(k) 771 - 771 - - Manganese 16(i) - - - (35) - Other 9 - 9 - (75) 1,912 - 1,912 (211) (75) Discontinued operations (Coal) 16(l) 424 424 (3,282) - 2,336 - 2,336 (3,493) (75) a) Acquisition of equity interest in Anglo American Minério de Ferro Brasil S.A. (“Anglo American Brasil”) – 157.5 Following completion of the transaction, Vale will receive its pro-rata share of Minas-Rio production and the Company will also have an option to acquire an additional 15% shareholding in Minas-Rio. The option will be exercised at fair value, calculated at the time of exercise. The closing of the transaction is subject to the usual conditions precedent and expected to occur in 2024. Upon completion of the transaction, Anglo American Brasil will be an associate of Vale and the investment will be accounted for under the equity method. b) PT Vale Indonesia Tbk (“PTVI”) – In November 2023, the Company signed a Heads of Agreement with PT Mineral Industri Indonesia (“MIND ID”) and Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. (“SMM”) regarding the divestment obligation of approximately 14% in PTVI. Therefore, MIND ID will become PTVI's largest shareholder, holding approximately 34% of the issued shares, with the Company and SMM holding approximately 33.9% and approximately 11.5%, respectively. The transaction's conclusion is expected in 2024 and is subject to customary closing conditions. Thus, Vale will lose control over PTVI and will treat the investment held in PTVI through the equity method due to the significant influence it will retain on PTVI. In addition, due to the current stage of this transaction, this investment was classified as an asset held for sale as it meets the “highly probable” criterion as defined in IFRS 5 – Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations Therefore, at the closing of the transaction, the Company will recognize impacts resulting from (i) derecognition of net assets due to the deconsolidation of PTVI; (ii) derecognition of the non-controlling interest due to the deconsolidation of PTVI; (iii) remeasurement of the retained interest in the investee at the fair value; (iv) reclassification of the accumulated translation adjustments, recorded in equity to the income statement. Effects on the balance sheet Schedule of effects on the balance sheet December 31, 2023 Notes PTVI (held for sale) Assets Cash and cash equivalents 703 Accounts receivable 20 Inventories 80 Taxes 117 Investments 13 Property, plant and equipment 18 2,792 Intangibles 17 69 Other assets 139 Total Assets 3,933 Liabilities Suppliers and contractors 172 Other liabilities 389 Total liabilities 561 Net assets held for sale 3,372 c) Strategic partnership on the Energy Transition Metals business – As a result of both agreements, Manara Minerals and Engine No. 1 will hold a combined 13% equity interest in VBM for the consideration of approximately US$ 3.4 d) Mineração Rio do Norte S.A. (“MRN”) – 72 87 e) Vale Oman Pelletizing Company LLC (“VOPC”) – 130 3 f) Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém (“CSP”) – 111 24 In March 2023, the Company completed the sale of its interest in CSP to ArcelorMittal, for US$ 1,082 1,149 31 g) Midwestern System – The carrying amount of those assets were fully impaired in past years and the Company had a liability related to take-or-pay logistics contracts that were deemed onerous contracts under the Company’s business model for the Midwestern System. However, these offers received during the sale process of the assets represented an objective evidence of impairment reversal and the remeasurement of the existing provision, which led to a gain of US$ 1,121 214 916 9 In July 2022, the Company completed the transaction and received US$ 140 37 h) California Steel Industries (“CSI”) - 50 437 292 142 150 i) Manganese Operations in Minas Gerais - 40 25 Operations in Bahia - 11 10 10 j) The Mosaic Company (“Mosaic”) - 34.2 1,259 522 k) Vale Shipping Holding Pte. Ltd (“VSH”) - 771 l) Discontinued operations (Coal) - As part of the sustainable mining strategic agenda, the Company announced in 2021 its intention to divest from coal assets. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to carry out the corporate reorganization through the acquisition of the interests held by Mitsui in these assets, which, upon completion, allowed an agreement with Vulcan Minerals, for the sale of all coal assets. Following the signing of the agreement in December 2021, the Company started to treat coal as a discontinued operation. Acquisition of non-controlling interest in Vale Moçambique On June 22, 2021, the Company acquired 15 331 1,666 95 Business combinations – NLC The Company also concluded the acquisition of NLC’s control in June 2021, through the disbursement of US$ 2,517 50 Following the closing, the Company assessed the fair value of the acquired business, resulting in a loss of US$ 771 The fair values of identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed as a result of the NLC’s acquisition were as follows: Schedule of fair value of assets and liabilities assumed June 22, 2021 Acquired assets Cash and cash equivalents 172 Inventory, recoverable tax, and other assets 423 Intangibles 2,219 Property, plant, and equipment 1,363 Assumed liabilities (158) Net identifiable assets acquired 4,019 Fair value adjustments (i) (1,590) Total identifiable net assets at fair value 2,429 Pre-existing relation (Loans receivable from NLC) 859 Loss on pre-existing relation (771) Total identifiable net assets at fair value 2,517 Cash consideration 2,517 (-) Balances acquired Cash and cash equivalents 172 Net cash outflow 2,345 (i) Of this amount, US$ 441 791 Fair value adjustments Following the decision to divest from the coal segment, the Company initiated interactions with potential interested parties in acquiring these assets, and the negotiations that were underway at the time, resulted in the decision to provision in full the book value of these assets, mainly due to the difficulties to prove the expected productivity levels of metallurgical coal and thermal coal, due to the delays that occurred to implement the mining plan and the strategy for the plant to reach the ramp-up of the asset. The Company recorded the impact of US$ 2,511 Binding agreement with Vulcan Resources (“Vulcan”) In December 2021, the Company entered into a binding agreement with Vulcan Resources (formerly Vulcan Minerals) for the sale of these assets. Under the sale agreement Vulcan has committed to pay the gross amount of US$ 270 10 In April 2022, the transaction was completed, and the Company recorded a net income from discontinued operations of US$ 2,060 3,072 585 589 Net income and cash flows from discontinued operations Schedule of net income and cash flows from discontinued operations Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net income from discontinued operations Net operating revenue - 448 1,083 Cost of goods sold and services rendered - (264) (1,386) Operating expenses - (13) (33) Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net - (589) (3,282) Operating loss - (418) (3,618) Cumulative translation adjustments (i) - 3,072 - Derecognition of noncontrolling interest - (585) - Financial results, net - (7) 447 Equity results in associates and joint ventures - - (26) income (loss) before income taxes - 2,062 (3,197) Income taxes - (2) 821 Net income (loss) from discontinued operations - 2,060 (2,376) Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests - - (85) Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders - 2,060 (2,291) (i) In 2021, the Company assessed that its Australian subsidiaries (part of the coal business), which were no longer operational, were considered "abandoned" under IAS 21 - The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cash flow from discontinued operations Operating activities Income (loss) before income taxes - 2,062 (3,197) Adjustments: Equity results in associates and joint ventures - - 26 Depreciation, amortization and depletion - - 69 Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net - 589 3,282 Derecognition of noncontrolling interest - 585 - Financial results, net - (3,065) (447) Decrease in assets and liabilities - (130) (49) Net cash generated (used) by operating activities - 41 (316) Investing activities Additions to property, plant and equipment - (38) (194) Acquisition of NLC, net of cash - - (2,345) Disposal of coal, net of cash - (65) - Other - - 70 Net cash used in investing activities - (103) (2,469) Financing activities Payments - (11) (13) Net cash used by financing activities - (11) (13) Net cash used by discontinued operations - (73) (2,798) m) Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie S.A.S. (“VNC”) - 98 1,132 Accounting policy Business combinations Identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with limited exceptions, initially measured at their fair values on the acquisition date. The Company recognizes any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, either at fair value or at the noncontrolling interest’s proportionate share of the acquired entity’s net identifiable assets. Discontinued operations The results of discontinued operations are presented in a single amount in the income statement, including the post-tax results of these operations, net of any impairment loss. Cash flows related to operating, investing, and financing activities of discontinued operations are disclosed in a separate note. Upon classifying an operation as discontinued, the income statements for prior periods are restated as if the operation had been discontinued since the beginning of the comparative period. Any noncontrolling interest associated with a group disposal held for sale is presented in equity and is not reclassified in the statement of financial position.

Intangibles

Intangibles	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Intangibles	17. Intangibles Schedule of movements in intangibles Goodwill Concessions Software Research and development project Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 3,208 5,223 86 494 9,011 Additions - 1,087 39 - 1,126 Disposals - (13) - - (13) Amortization - (229) (43) - (272) Translation adjustment (19) 366 5 34 386 Balance as of December 31, 2022 3,189 6,434 87 528 10,238 Cost 3,189 7,808 564 528 12,089 Accumulated amortization - (1,374) (477) - (1,851) Balance as of December 31, 2022 3,189 6,434 87 528 10,238 Additions - 1,013 53 6 1,072 Disposals - (14) - - (14) Amortization - (251) (41) - (292) Transfer to held for sale (PTVI) (68) - (1) - (69) Translation adjustment 142 507 6 41 696 Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,263 7,689 104 575 11,631 Cost 3,263 9,394 634 575 13,866 Accumulated amortization - (1,705) (530) - (2,235) Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,263 7,689 104 575 11,631 a) Concessions – b) Goodwill – c) Research and development project - Accounting policy Intangibles The estimated useful lives are as follows: Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangibles Useful life Railway concessions 5 37 Research and development project 19 Software 5

Property, plant, and equipment

Property, plant, and equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Property, plant, and equipment	18. Property, plant, and equipment Schedule of movements in property, plant and equipment Consolidated Notes Building and land Facilities Equipment Mineral properties Railway equipment Right of use assets Other Constructions in progress Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 8,137 7,232 4,743 7,742 2,334 1,537 2,484 7,722 41,931 Additions (i) - - - - - 77 - 5,496 5,573 Disposals (22) (24) (19) (3) (7) - (2) (144) (221) Assets retirement obligation 27(b) - - - (562) - - - - (562) Depreciation, depletion and amortization (409) (478) (700) (436) (160) (185) (301) - (2,669) Impairment reversal 56 34 64 39 - - 21 - 214 Transfer to asset held for sale - Midwestern System (56) (34) (64) (39) - - (21) - (214) Translation adjustment 308 340 102 (131) 159 26 43 39 886 Transfers 899 972 858 502 149 - 408 (3,788) - Balance as of December 31, 2022 8,913 8,042 4,984 7,112 2,475 1,455 2,632 9,325 44,938 Cost 16,027 12,819 11,647 16,405 4,099 2,120 5,899 9,325 78,341 Accumulated depreciation (7,114) (4,777) (6,663) (9,293) (1,624) (665) (3,267) - (33,403) Balance as of December 31, 2022 8,913 8,042 4,984 7,112 2,475 1,455 2,632 9,325 44,938 Additions (i) - - - - - 74 - 6,368 6,442 Disposals (35) (11) (15) (7) (13) - (8) (131) (220) Assets retirement obligation 27(b) - - - 324 - - - - 324 Depreciation, depletion and amortization (462) (517) (736) (446) (168) (190) (323) - (2,842) Transfer to asset held for sale (670) - (759) (791) (41) (8) (2) (521) (2,792) Translation adjustment 578 574 214 286 187 28 138 541 2,546 Transfers 1,795 1,151 762 447 172 - 47 (4,374) - Balance as of December 31, 2023 10,119 9,239 4,450 6,925 2,612 1,359 2,484 11,208 48,396 Cost 17,381 14,858 10,326 15,663 4,435 2,208 5,391 11,208 81,470 Accumulated depreciation (7,262) (5,619) (5,876) (8,738) (1,823) (849) (2,907) - (33,074) Balance as of December 31, 2023 10,119 9,239 4,450 6,925 2,612 1,359 2,484 11,208 48,396 (i) The additions are mainly related to the expansion of the Voisey’s Bay mine and the Salobo III project, Sol do Cerrado (solar energy plant) and the execution of the Capanema project. It also includes capitalized interest. For more details regarding right of use and lease liability see note 24. Accounting policy Property, plant, and equipment Mineral properties developed internally are determined by (i) direct and indirect costs attributed to build the mining facilities, (ii) financial charges incurred during the construction period, (iii) depreciation of other fixed assets used during construction, (iv) estimated decommissioning and site restoration expenses, and (v) other capitalized expenditures during the development phase (phase when the project demonstrates its economic benefit to the Company, and the Company has ability and intention to complete the project). The depletion of mineral properties is determined based on the ratio between production and total proven and probable mineral reserves. Property, plant and equipment, other than mineral properties are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives, from the date on which the assets become available for their intended use and are capitalized, except for land which is not depreciated. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Schedule of estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment Useful life Buildings 3 50 Facilities 3 50 Equipment 3 40 Wagons 30 45 Railway equipment 5 37 Vessels 20 25 Other 2 50 The residual values and useful lives of assets are reviewed each reporting period and adjusted if necessary. Expenditures and stripping costs (i) Research and development expenditures (ii) Expenditures on feasibility studies, new technologies and others research (iii) Maintenance costs (iv) Stripping Costs Post-production stripping costs are included in the cost of inventory, except when a new project is developed to permit access to a significant ore deposit. In such cases, the cost is capitalized as a non-current asset and is amortized during the extraction of the ore deposits, over the useful life of the ore deposits. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Mineral reserves The estimated volume of mineral reserves is used as basis for the calculation of depletion of the mineral properties, and also for the estimated useful life which is a major factor to quantify the provision for asset retirement obligation, environmental recovery of mines and impairment of long-lived asset. Any changes to the estimates of the volume of mine reserves and the useful lives of assets may have a significant impact on the depreciation, depletion and amortization charges and assessments of impairment.

Impairment reversal (impairment

Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets	19. Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets The impairment reversal (impairment loss) and result of disposal of non-current assets recognized are presented below : Schedule of impairment losses recognized Notes 2023 2022 2021 Midwestern System 16(g) - 205 (78) Manganese 16(i) - (10) (35) Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie S.A.S. ("VNC") 16(m) - - (98) Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets - 195 (211) Onerous contracts - Midwestern System 16(g) - 916 (18) Result of disposals of non-current assets and others (266) (338) (197) Result of disposals of non-current assets and others (266) 578 (215) Impairment reversal (impairment) and disposals of non-current assets (266) 773 (426) The Company tested for impairment the cash generating units (“CGU”) for which a triggering event was identified and for goodwill. The recoverable amount of each CGU under the Company’s impairment test was assessed using the fair value less costs of disposal model (“FVLCD”), through discounted cash flow techniques, which is classified as “level 3” in the fair value hierarchy, taking into consideration offers and purchase agreements, if applicable. The cash flows were discounted by using a post-tax discount rate expressed in real terms, which represents an estimate of the rate that a market participant would apply having regard to the time value of money and the asset’s specific risk. The Company used the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) of the mining segment as a starting point for determining the discount rates, with appropriate adjustments for the risk profile of the countries in which the individual CGU operate. Climate change As outlined in note 2, the potential financial impacts on the Company of climate change and the transition to a low carbon economy have been considered in the assessment of the Company’s critical accounting estimates, which includes indicators of impairment, such as: (i) demand for the Company’s commodities decreasing, due to policy, regulatory (including carbon pricing mechanisms), legal, technological, market or societal responses to climate change; (ii) physical impacts related to risks resulting from increased frequency or severity of extreme weather events, and those related to chronic risks resulting from longer-term changes in climate patterns; and (iii) investments related to decarbonization. a) Impairment test for the goodwill and other intangibles (note 17) Goodwill allocated to iron ore and pellet operations Summary of impairment test for the goodwill 2023 2022 Carrying amount 1,473 1,367 Impairment testing results The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. Measurement of recoverable value FVLCD FVLCD Discount rate 7.0 6.4 Period of cash flow projections 2053 2052 Range of iron ore forecasted prices US$/t 75 98 US$/t 75 95 Sensitivity of key assumptions A 34% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities or a 61% reduction in reserves would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this CGU. A 29% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities or a 51% reduction in reserves would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this CGU. Goodwill allocated to nickel operations 2023 2022 Carrying amount 1,789 1,822 Impairment testing results The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. Measurement of recoverable value FVLCD FVLCD Discount rate 5.6 5.9 4.5 5.3 Period of cash flow projections 2034-2048 2032-2048 Range of nickel forecasted prices US$/t 18,000 23,000 US$/t 21,000 24,000 Sensitivity of key assumptions A 12.5% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this group of CGUs. A 23.7% reduction In the long-term prices of all commodities would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this group of CGUs. Other intangibles - Research and development project 2023 2022 Carrying amount 568 528 Impairment testing results The recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognised. The recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognised. Measurement of recoverable value FVLCD FVLCD Discount rate 7 6.4 Beginning of operation and useful life 16 years of useful life considering the beginning of operation in 2025 16 years of useful life considering the beginning of operation in 2025 Range of iron ore forecasted prices US$/t 80 98 US$/t 85 95 Sensitivity of key assumptions A 7.5% reduction in the prices of all commodities or an 67% reduction in in processing and beneficiating iron ore volumes would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this asset. A 12.5% reduction in the prices of all commodities or an A 77% reduction in in processing and beneficiating iron ore volumes would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this asset. b) Impairment recorded on the sale of investments In the past few years, the Company has divested non-strategic assets, as detailed in note 16 to these financial statements. These transactions resulted in material impacts on Vale's results, which were recorded under "Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets, net", as summarized below: · Midwestern system (note 16g) – As a result of the agreement for the sale of these assets to J&F, the Company recorded a gain in the amount of US$ 1,121 214 916 9 · Manganese (note 16i) – The Company has entered into agreements to sell its manganese assets, resulting in an impairment loss of US$ 10 35 · VNC (note 16m) – As a result of the sale of this asset to Prony Resources, the Company recognized an impairment loss of US$ 98 Accounting policy Impairment of non-financial assets FVLCD is generally determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset from a market participant’s perspective, including any expansion prospects. VIU model is determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset in its present form. Value in use is determined by applying assumptions specific to the Company’s continued use and cannot take into account future development. These assumptions are different to those used in calculating fair value and consequently the VIU calculation is likely to give a different result to a FVLCD calculation. Assets that have an indefinite useful life and are not subject to amortization, such as goodwill, are tested annually for impairment. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (CGU). Goodwill is allocated to Cash Generating Units or Cash Generating Units groups that are expected to benefit from the business combinations in which the goodwill arose and are identified in accordance with the operating segment. Non-current assets (excluding goodwill) in which the Company recognized impairment in the past are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the impairment may no longer be applicable. In such cases, an impairment reversal will be recognized. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions are required to determine whether an impairment trigger has occurred and to prepare the Company’s cash flows. Management uses the budgets approved as a starting point and key assumptions are, but not limited to: (i) mineral reserves and mineral resources measured by internal experts; (ii) costs and investments based on the best estimate of projects as supported by past performance; (iii) sale prices consistent with projections available in reports published by industry considering the market price when appropriate; (iv) the useful life of each cash-generating unit (ratio between production and mineral reserves); and (v) discount rates that reflect specific risks relating to the relevant assets in each cash-generating unit. These assumptions are susceptible to risks and uncertainties and may change the Company’s projection and, therefore, may affect the recoverable value of assets.

Financial and capital risk mana

Financial and capital risk management	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Financial and capital risk management	Financial and capital risk management The Company is exposed to several financial and capital risk factors that may impact its performance and equity position. The evaluation of the exposure to financial and capital risks is performed periodically to support decision making process regarding the risk management strategy. The Company's policy aims at establishing a capital structure that will ensure the continuity of our business in the long term. Within this perspective, the Company has been able to deliver value to shareholders through dividend payments and capital gain, and at the same time maintain a debt profile suitable for its activities, with an amortization well distributed over the years, thus avoiding a concentration in one specific period. The Board of Directors establishes and supervises the management of financial risks with the support of the Capital Allocation and Project Advisory Committee that ensures that Company's financial activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company's policies and objectives. The Company has developed its strategy through an integrated view of the risks to which it is exposed, considering not only the risk, generated by variables traded in the financial market (market risk) and the liquidity risk, but also the risk arising from obligations assumed by third parties to the Company (credit risk), among others. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to protect its exposure to these market risks arising from operating, financing, and investment activities, so that Vale does not engage in derivative operations that result in leverage exceeding the nominal value of its contracts. The financial instruments portfolio is reassessed monthly, allowing the monitoring of financial results and their impact on cash flow. The Company applies hedge accounting to its net investment in foreign operation and nickel revenue program. Risks Origin of the exposure Management Market Risk - Exchange Rate Financial instruments and other financial liabilities that are not denominated in US$ Swap and forward operations Market risk - Interest rate Loans and financing indexed to different interest rates including, but not limited to, SOFR and CDI Swap operations Market risk - Product and input prices Volatility of commodity and input prices Forward operations and option contracts Credit Risk Receivables, derivative transactions, guarantees, advances to suppliers and financial investments Portfolio diversification and policies for monitoring counterparty solvency and liquidity indicators Liquidity risk Contractual or assumed obligations Availability of revolving credit lines a) Method and techniques for valuation of derivatives The risk of the derivatives instruments is measured using the delta-Normal parametric approach and considers that the future distribution of the risk factors and its correlations tends to present the same statistic properties verified in the historical data. The value at risk estimate considers a 95% confidence level for a one-business daytime horizon. The derivative financial instruments were evaluated using the curves and market prices that impact each instrument on the calculation dates. For the pricing options, the Company generally uses the Black & Scholes model. In this model, the fair value of the derivative is obtained as a function of the volatility and price of the underlying asset, the exercise price of the option, the risk-free interest rate and the term to maturity of the option. In the case of options where the result is a function of the average price of the underlying asset in a certain period of the option’s life, known as Asian options, the Company uses the Turnbull & Wakeman model. In this model, in addition to the factors that influence the option price in the Black & Scholes model, the average price formation period is considered. In the case of swaps, both the present value of the paying and receiving amounts are estimated by discounting the cash flows by the interest rates in the corresponding currencies. The fair value is obtained by the difference between the present value of the paying and receiving amounts of the swap in the reference currency. In the case of swaps linked to Brazilian long-term interest rate (“TJLP”), the fair value calculation considers the current TJLP, i.e., projections of future cash flows in reais are made considering the last TJLP disclosed. Forward and future contracts are priced using the futures curves of the respective underlying assets. These curves are usually obtained from the exchanges where these assets are traded, such as the London Metals Exchange (“LME”), the Commodities Exchange (“COMEX”) or other market price providers. When there is no price for the desired maturity, the Company uses interpolations between the available maturities. a.i) Effects of derivatives on the statement of financial position Schedule of derivatives effects on statement of financial position December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Reference Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) 109 30 11 144 IPCA swap 20(b.i) - 41 - 63 Dollar swap and forward transactions 20(b.i) 650 - 407 7 LIBOR & SOFR swap 20(b.ii) 4 28 7 - 763 99 425 214 Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(b.iv) 52 22 78 56 Energy Transition Metals 20(c) - 8 35 1 52 30 113 57 Other 20(d) - 2 - 5 Total 815 131 538 276 a.ii) Net exposure Schedule of net exposure Reference December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) 79 (133) IPCA swap 20(b.i) (41) (63) Dollar swap and forward transactions 20(b.i) 650 400 LIBOR & SOFR swap (i) 20(b.ii) (24) 7 664 211 Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(b.iv) 30 22 Energy Transition Metals 20(c) (8) 34 22 56 Other 20(d) (2) (5) Total 684 262 (i) In March 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the financial regulator in the United Kingdom, announced the discontinuation of the LIBOR rate for all terms in pounds, euros, Swiss francs, yen and for terms of one week and two months in dollars at the end of December 2021 and the other terms at the end of June 2023. Vale has finalized the negotiations for the replacement of the reference interest rate of its financial contracts from LIBOR to Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), with spread adjustments to match the transaction costs. a.iii) Effects of derivatives on the income statement Schedule of effects of derivatives on income statement and cash flow Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement Year ended December 31, Reference 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) 214 394 (155) IPCA swap 20(b.i) 28 74 28 Eurobonds swap - - (28) Dollar swap and forward operations 20(b.i) 667 628 (20) LIBOR & SOFR swap 20(b.ii) (23) 34 16 Treasury Hedge (Forward) 20(b.ii) 14 - - 900 1,130 (159) Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(c) 15 25 127 Energy Transition Metals 20(d) (15) 18 (2) - 43 125 Other 20(d) 3 (19) 11 Total 903 1,154 (23) a.iv) Effects of derivatives on the cash flows Schedule of effects of derivatives on cash flows Financial settlement inflows (outflows) Year ended December 31, Reference 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) (1) (98) (142) IPCA swap 20(b.i) 1 56 (18) Eurobonds swap - (29) Dollar swap and forward operations 20(b.i) 454 164 (79) LIBOR & SOFR swap 20(b.ii) 8 46 (2) Treasury Hedge (Forward) (i) 20(b.iii) 14 (8) - 476 160 (270) Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(b.iv) 7 9 205 Energy Transition Metals 20(c) (1) 10 - 6 19 205 Derivatives designated as cash flow hedge accounting Nickel 20(e) 85 (277) (67) Palladium 20(e) - 15 5 Coal - - (70) 85 (262) (132) Total 567 (83) (197) (i) In 2023, the Company carried out and settle the protection program for US interest rate volatility related to both the issuance and repurchase of bonds. b) Market risk - Foreign exchange and interest rates The Company’s cash flow is exposed to the volatility of several currencies against the U.S. dollar. While most of our product prices are indexed to U.S. dollars, most of our costs, expenses and investments are indexed to currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the Brazilian real and the Canadian dollar. The Company implements hedge transactions to protect its cash flow against the market risks that arises from its debt obligations and other liabilities – mainly currency volatility. The hedges cover most of the debt denominated in Brazilian real. The Company uses swap and forward transactions to convert debt and financial obligations linked to Brazilian real into U.S. dollar, with volumes, flows and settlement dates similar to those of the debt instruments and financial obligations - or sometimes lower, subject to market liquidity conditions. Hedging instruments with shorter tenors are renegotiated through time, so that their final maturity matches - or becomes closer - to the debt and financial obligations final maturity. At each settlement date, the results of the swap and forward transactions partially offset the impact of the foreign exchange rate in the Company’s obligations, contributing to stabilize the cash disbursements in U.S. dollar. b.i) Protection programs for the R$ denominated debt instruments and other liabilities T o reduce cash flow volatility, swap and forward transactions were implemented to convert into US$ the cash flows from certain liabilities denominated in R$ with interest rates linked mainly to Brazilian Interbank Interest rate (“CDI”), TJLP and consumer price index (“IPCA”). In those swaps, the Company pays fixed rates in US$ and receives payments in R$ linked to the interest rates of the protected liabilities. The swap and forward transactions were negotiated over-the-counter and the protected items are the cash flows from debt instruments and other liabilities linked to R$. Schedule of protection program Notional Fair value Financial Settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Index Average rate December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 2025+ CDI vs. US$ fixed rate swap 107 (83) 1 20 23 84 Receivable R$ 5,162 R$ 6,356 CDI 100.00 Payable US$ 1,196 US$ 1,475 Fix 2.00 TJLP vs. US$ fixed rate swap (28) (50) (2) 3 (3) (25) Receivable R$ 694 R$ 814 TJLP + 1.06 Payable US$ 173 US$ 204 Fix 3.46 79 (133) (1) 23 20 59 IPCA swap vs. US$ fixed rate swap (41) (63) 1 4 (5) (36) Receivable R$ 1,078 R$ 1,294 IPCA + 4.54 Payable US$ 267 US$ 320 Fix 3.88 (41) (63) 1 4 (5) (36) R$ fixed rate vs. US$ fixed rate swap 600 318 340 40 333 267 Receivable R$ 12,660 R$ 20,854 Fix 7.36 Payable US$ 2,431 US$ 3,948 Fix 0.00 Forward R$ 1,209 R$ 4,342 B 5.19 50 82 114 3 39 11 650 400 454 43 372 278 The sensitivity analysis of these derivative financial instruments is presented as follows: Schedule of sensitivity analysis of derivative financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) CDI vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation 107 (189) (485) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease 107 74 38 Brazilian interest rate increase 107 80 52 Protected item: R$ denominated liabilities R$ depreciation n.a. - - TJLP vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation (28) (68) (109) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease (28) (32) (37) Brazilian interest rate increase (28) (34) (40) TJLP interest rate decrease (28) (32) (37) Protected item: R$ denominated debt R$ depreciation n.a. - - IPCA swap vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation (41) (106) (171) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease (41) (47) (55) Brazilian interest rate increase (41) (51) (61) IPCA index decrease (41) (45) (50) Protected item: R$ denominated debt R$ depreciation n.a. - - R$ fixed rate vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation 600 31 (538) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease 600 564 526 Brazilian interest rate increase 600 525 453 Protected item: R$ denominated debt R$ depreciation n.a. - - Forward R$ depreciation 50 - (49) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease 50 48 46 Brazilian interest rate increase 50 46 43 Protected item: R$ denominated liabilities R$ depreciation n.a. - - b.ii) Protection program for interest rate US$ denominated debt The Company has also exposure to interest rates risks over loans and financings. The US Dollar floating rate debt in the portfolio consists mainly of loans including export pre-payments, commercial banks and multilateral organizations loans. To reduce the cash flow volatility, swap transactions were implemented to convert interest rate indexed to SOFR from certain debt instruments into fixed interest rate. In those swaps, the Company received floating rates and paid fixed rates in US$. Schedule of protection program for interest Notional Fair value Financial Settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Index Average rate December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 2025+ LIBOR vs. US$ fixed rate swap - 7 4 - - Receivable - US$ 150 LIBOR 0.00 Payable - US$ 150 Fix 0.00 SOFR vs. US$ fixed rate swap (24) - 4 10 4 (28) Receivable US$ 2,300 - SOFR 0.00 Payable US$ 2,300 - Fix 3.60 The sensitivity analysis of these derivative financial instruments is presented as follows: Schedule of sensitivity analysis Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) SOFR vs. US$ fixed rate swap US$ SOFR decrease (25) (67) (111) Protected item: SOFR US$ indexed debt US$ SOFR decrease n.a. 67 111 b.iii) Protection for American treasury volatility related to tender offer transaction To reduce the volatility of the premium paid to investors on the tender offer transaction issued in 2023, treasury lock transactions were implemented and have already been settled as of December 31, 2023. Schedule of protection American treasury volatility Notional Fair value Financial Settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Index Average rate December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 Treasury Hedge (Forward) - - B - - - 14 - - b.iv) Protection program for product prices and input costs The Company is also exposed to market risks associated with the price volatility of commodities and inputs, especially freight and fuel costs. In line with its risk management policy, risk mitigation strategies involving commodities are used to reduce cash flow volatility. These mitigation strategies incorporate derivative instruments, predominantly forward, futures and options. Schedule of protection program for product price Notional Fair value Financial settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Bought / Sold Average strike (US$) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 Brent crude oil (bbl) Call options 19,907,250 22,600,500 B 91 45 74 - 11 45 Put options 19,907,250 22,600,500 S 58 (22) (51) - 5 (22) Forward Freight Agreement (days) Freight forwards 1,210 2,085 B 14,248 7 (1) 7 1 7 30 22 7 17 30 The sensitivity analysis of these derivative financial instruments is presented as follows: Schedule of sensitivity analysis financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) Brent crude oil (bbl) Options Price input decrease 23 (111) (399) Protected item: Part of costs linked to fuel oil prices Price input decrease n.a. 111 399 Forward Freight Agreement (days) Forwards Freight price decrease 7 1 (5) Protected item: Part of costs linked to maritime freight prices Freight price decrease n.a. (1) 5 Brent Crude Oil - Freight derivative - c) Other derivatives, including embedded derivatives in contracts Schedule of other derivatives Notional Fair value Financial settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Bought / Sold Average strike (US$/ton) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024+ Fixed price nickel sales protection (ton) Nickel forwards 3,322 766 B 19,207 (8) 7 (3) 3 (8) Hedge program for products acquisition for resale (ton) Nickel forwards - 384 S - - (1) 2 - - (8) 6 (1) 3 (8) Embedded derivative (pellet price) in natural gas purchase (volume/month) Call options 746,667 746,667 S 233 (2) (5) - 2 (2) (2) (5) - 2 (2) The sensitivity analysis of these derivative financial instruments is presented as follows: Schedule of Sensitivity analysis of other derivatives financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) Fixed price sales protection (ton) Forwards Nickel price decrease (8) (21) (35) Protected item: Part of nickel revenues with fixed prices Nickel price decrease n.a. 21 35 Hedge program for products acquisition for resale (ton) Forwards Nickel price increase n.a. - - Protected item: Part of revenues from products for resale Nickel price increase n.a. - - Embedded derivative (pellet price) in natural gas purchase agreement (volume/month) Embedded derivatives - Gas purchase Pellet price increase (2) (6) (13) Fixed price sales protection - Hedge program for products acquisition for resale - Embedded derivative (pellet price) in natural gas purchase agreement - d) Hedge accounting Schedule of effects of derivatives on other comprehensive income Gain (loss) recognized in the other comprehensive income Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net investments hedge 139 81 (118) Cash flow hedge (19) 19 3 Net investment hedge e) Cash flow hedge Schedule of cash flow hedge Fair value Financial settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow Bought / Sold December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 Nickel revenue hedge program Forward S - 28 85 - - - 28 85 - - The sensitivity analysis of these derivative financial instruments is presented as follows: Schedule of derivative financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) Nickel Revenue Hedging Program Forward Nickel price increase - - - Protected item: Part of nickel revenues with fixed sales prices Nickel price increase n.a. - - Cash flow hedge (Nickel) - f) Credit risk management The Company is exposed to credit risk that arises from trade receivables, derivative transactions, guarantees, down payment for suppliers and cash investments. The credit risk management process provides a framework for assessing and managing counterparties’ credit risk and for maintaining our portfolio risk at an acceptable level. For the commercial credit exposure, which arises from sales to final customers, the risk management area, in accordance with the current delegation level, approves or requests the approval of credit risk limits for each counterparty. Vale attributes an internal credit risk rating for each counterparty using its own quantitative methodology for credit risk analysis, which is based on market prices, external credit ratings and financial information of the counterparty, as well as qualitative information regarding the counterparty’s strategic position and history of commercial relations. Based on the counterparty’s credit risk, risk mitigation strategies may be used to manage the Company’s credit risk. The main credit risk mitigation strategies include non-recourse sale of receivables, insurance instruments, letters of credit, corporate and bank guarantees, mortgages, among others. f.i) Accounts receivable portfolio Vale has a diversified accounts receivable portfolio from a geographical standpoint, with Asia, Europe and Brazil as the regions with more significant exposures. According to each region, different guarantees can be used to enhance the credit quality of the receivables. Historically, the expected credit loss on the Company’s accounts receivable portfolio is immaterial (note 11). f.ii) Financial instruments, except for accounts receivable To manage the credit exposure arising from cash investments and derivative instruments, credit limits are approved to each counterparty with whom the Company has credit exposure. Furthermore, the Company controls the portfolio diversification and monitors different indicators of solvency and liquidity of the different counterparties that were approved for trading. The carrying amount of the financial assets that represent the exposure to credit risk is presented below: Schedule of carrying amount of the financial assets that represent the exposure to credit risk Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents 23 3,609 4,736 Short-term investments 23 51 61 Restricted cash 4 77 Judicial deposits 28 - 1,215 Derivative financial instruments 815 538 Investments in equity securities 14 45 7 4,524 6,634 f.iii) Financial counterparties’ ratings The transactions of derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents, as well as short-term investments are held with financial institutions whose exposure limits are periodically reviewed and approved by the delegated authority. The financial institutions credit risk is performed through a methodology that considers, among other information, ratings provided by international rating agencies. The table below presents the ratings in foreign currency as published by Moody’s regarding the main financial institutions used by the Company to contract derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents transaction. Summary of ratings published by Moody's regarding the main financial institutions December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents and investment Derivatives Cash and cash equivalents and investment Derivatives Aa1 - - 32 - Aa2 338 - 342 5 Aa3 42 - 239 - A1 2,022 50 1,746 97 A2 309 293 938 145 A3 186 22 918 63 Baa1 2 - - - Baa2 16 - 7 - Ba1 (i) 85 - - - Ba2 (i) 287 314 411 174 Ba3 (i) 373 136 164 54 3,660 815 4,797 538 (i) A substantial part of the balances is held with financial institutions in Brazil which are deemed investment grade in local currency . g) Liquidity risk management The liquidity risk arises from the possibility that Vale might not perform its obligations on due dates, as well as face difficulties to meet its cash requirements due to market liquidity constraints. The available revolving credit facilities are intended to assist short term liquidity management and to enable more efficiency in cash management and were provided by a syndicate of several global commercial banks. The Company has two revolving credit facilities, in the amount of US$5,000, for which US$3,000 have maturity date in 2024 and US$2,000 in 2026. As of December 31, 2023, these lines were not drawn. Accounting policy The Company uses financial instruments to hedge its exposure to certain market risks arising from operational, financing and investing activities. Derivatives are included within financial assets or liabilities at fair value through profit or loss unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments ( hedge accounting At the beginning of the hedge operations, the Company documents the type of hedge, the relation between the hedging instrument and hedged items, its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge operations. The Company also documents, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis that the hedge is expected to continue to be highly effective. The Company has elected to adopt the new general hedge accounting model in IFRS 9 and designates certain derivatives as either: Cash flow hedge The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in equity within "Unrealized fair value gain (losses)". The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the income statement. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized in profit or loss when the transaction is recognized in the income statement. Net investment hedge Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash flow hedges. Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge is recognized in equity within "Cumulative translation adjustments". The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the income statement. Gains and losses accumulated in equity are included in the statement of income when the foreign operation is partially or fully disposed of or sold. Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of any of these derivative instruments are recognized immediately in the income statement. Critical accounting estimates and judgments The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in active markets are determined using valuation techniques. Vale uses its own judgment to choose between the various methods. Assumptions are based on the market conditions, at the end of the year. An analysis of the impact if actual results are different from management's estimates is present under “Sensitivity analysis of derivative financial instruments”.

Financial assets and liabilitie

Financial assets and liabilities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Financial assets and liabilities	Financial assets and liabilities a) Classification The Company classifies its financial instruments in accordance with the purpose for which they were acquired, and determines the classification and initial recognition according to the following categories: Schedule of financial instruments classification based on its recognition December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Financial assets Notes Amortized cost At fair value through OCI At fair value through profit or loss Total Amortized cost At fair value through OCI At fair value through profit or loss Total Current Cash and cash equivalents 23 3,609 - - 3,609 4,736 - - 4,736 Short-term investments 23 - - 51 51 - - 61 61 Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 271 271 - - 342 342 Accounts receivable 11 362 - 3,835 4,197 538 - 3,781 4,319 3,971 - 4,157 8,128 5,274 - 4,184 9,458 Non-current Judicial deposits 28(d) 798 - - 798 1,215 - - 1,215 Restricted cash 14 4 - - 4 77 - - 77 Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 544 544 - - 196 196 Investments in equity securities 14 - 45 - 45 - 7 - 7 802 45 544 1,391 1,292 7 196 1,495 Total of financial assets 4,773 45 4,701 9,519 6,566 7 4,380 10,953 Financial liabilities Current Suppliers and contractors 13 5,272 - - 5,272 4,461 - - 4,461 Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 36 36 - - 90 90 Loans and borrowings 23 824 - - 824 307 - - 307 Leases 24 197 - - 197 182 - - 182 Liabilities related to the concession grant 14(a) 591 - - 591 416 - - 416 Other financial liabilities - Related parties 31 290 - - 290 400 - - 400 Contract liability and financial liabilities 14 759 - - 759 766 - - 766 7,933 - 36 7,969 6,532 - 90 6,622 Non-current Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 95 95 - - 186 186 Loans and borrowings 23 11,647 - - 11,647 10,874 - - 10,874 Leases 24 1,255 - - 1,255 1,349 - - 1,349 Participative shareholders' debentures 22 - - 2,874 2,874 - - 2,725 2,725 Liabilities related to the concession grant 14(a) 3,278 - - 3,278 2,554 - - 2,554 Financial guarantees 32 - - - - - - 103 103 16,180 - 2,969 19,149 14,777 - 3,014 17,791 Total of financial liabilities 24,113 - 3,005 27,118 21,309 - 3,104 24,413 b) Hierarchy of fair value Schedule of assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Notes Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial assets Short-term investments 23 51 - - 51 61 - - 61 Derivative financial instruments 20 - 815 - 815 - 538 - 538 Accounts receivable 11 - 3,835 - 3,835 - 3,781 - 3,781 Investments in equity securities 14 - 45 - 45 - 7 - 7 51 4,695 - 4,746 61 4,326 - 4,387 Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments 20 - 131 - 131 - 276 - 276 Participative shareholders' debentures 22 - 2,874 - 2,874 - 2,725 - 2,725 Financial guarantees 32 - - - - - 103 - 103 - 3,005 - 3,005 - 3,104 - 3,104 There were no transfers between levels 1, 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the period presented. c) Fair value of loans and borrowings Loans and borrowings are recorded at their contractual values. To determine the market values of these financial instruments traded in public markets, the closing market quotations on the balance sheet dates were used. The Company considers that for the other financial liabilities measured at amortized cost, their book values are close to their fair values and therefore information on their fair values is not being presented. Schedule of fair value and carrying amounts of loans and financing December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying amount Fair value Carrying amount Fair value Quoted in the secondary market: Bonds 7,253 7,404 6,256 6,253 Debentures 221 213 240 225 Debt contracts in Brazil in: R$, indexed to TJLP, TR, IPCA, IGP-M and CDI 250 250 280 278 R$, with fixed interest - - 2 2 Basket of currencies and bonds in US$ indexed to SOFR 153 168 - - Debt contracts in the international market in: US$, with variable and fixed interest 4,504 4,950 4,304 4,391 Other currencies, with variable interest 9 9 9 9 Other currencies, with fixed interest 81 85 90 91 12,471 13,079 11,181 11,249 Accounting policy Classification and measurement - Financial instruments Investments in equity instruments are measured at FVTPL unless they are eligible to be measured at FVOCI, whose gains and losses are never recycled to profit or loss. All financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred and are subsequently carried at amortized cost and updated using the effective interest rate method. Excepts for Participative shareholders’ debentures and Derivative financial instruments that are measured at FVTPL. Fair value hierarchy - Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (e.g. derivatives and publicly traded shares) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the financial statements period. Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (e.g. over the counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable market data. If all significant data required for the fair value of an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. Level 3: If one or more of the significant data are not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. The fair value of derivatives classified as level 3 is estimated using discounted cash flows and option valuation models with unobservable inputs of discount rates, stock prices and commodity prices.

Participative shareholders_ deb

Participative shareholders’ debentures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Participative Shareholders Debentures
Participative shareholders’ debentures	Participative shareholders’ debentures At the time of its privatization in 1997, the Company issued a total of 388,559,056 Holders of participative shareholders’ debentures have the right to receive semi-annual payments equal to an agreed percentage of revenues less value-added tax, transport fee and insurance expenses related to the trading of the products, derived from these mineral resources. The effects on the income statement and on the statement of financial position are shown below: Schedule of statement of income and balance sheet Year ended December 31, Average price (R$) Financial results Liabilities 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Participative shareholders’ debentures 35.80 36.59 49.10 (179) 659 (716) 2,874 2,725 3,419 The Company made available for withdrawal as remuneration the following amounts, as disclosed on the “Shareholders’ debentures report” available on the Company’s website, which were not incorporated by reference: Schedule of shareholders debentures Availability date Remuneration amount Remuneration for the first half of 2023 October 2, 2023 106 Remuneration for the second half of 2022 April 3, 2023 127 Year ended December 31, 2023 233 Remuneration for the first half of 2022 October 3, 2022 137 Remuneration for the second half of 2021 April 1, 2022 234 Year ended December 31, 2022 371 Remuneration for the first half of 2021 October 1, 2021 225 Remuneration for the second half of 2020 April 1, 2021 193 Year ended December 31, 2021 418 Accounting policy Shareholders’ Debentures The participative shareholders’ debentures

Loans, borrowings, cash and cas

Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments	Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments a) Net debt The Company monitors the net debt with the objective of ensuring the continuity of its business in the long term. Schedule of net debt December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Loans and borrowings 12,471 11,181 Leases (note 24) 1,452 1,531 Gross debt 13,923 12,712 (-) Cash and cash equivalents 3,609 4,736 (-) Short-term investments (i) 51 61 (-) Net Cash PTVI (note 16b) 703 - Net debt 9,560 7,915 (i) Substantially comprises investments in an exclusive investment fund, which portfolio is made by committed transactions and Selic Treasury Notes (“LFTs”), which are floating-rate securities issued by the Brazilian government. b) Cash and cash equivalents Schedule of cash and cash equivalents December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 R$ 953 1,770 US$ 2,516 2,798 Other currencies 140 168 Total 3,609 4,736 c) Loans and borrowings i) Outstanding balance of loans and borrowings by type and currency Schedule of total debt Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Average interest rate (i) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Quoted in the secondary market: US$ Bonds 6.02 - - 7,157 6,157 R$ Debentures (ii) 10.17 96 47 119 186 Debt contracts in Brazil in (iii): R$, indexed to TJLP, TR, IPCA, IGP-M and CDI 10.12 49 46 200 232 R$, with fixed interest - 2 - - Basket of currencies and bonds in US$ indexed to SOFR 6.80 - - 150 - Debt contracts in the international market in: US$, with variable and fixed interest 5.59 500 54 3,945 4,212 Other currencies, with variable interest 4.12 - - 9 9 Other currencies, with fixed interest 3.87 12 11 67 78 Accrued charges 167 147 - - 824 307 11,647 10,874 (i) In order to determine the average interest rate for debt contracts with floating rates, the Company used the rate applicable as of December 31, 2023. (ii) The Company has debentures in Brazil obtained for the Company's infrastructure investment projects. (iii) The Company entered into derivatives to mitigate the exposure to cash flow variations of all floating rate debt contracted in Brazil, resulting in an average cost of 3.39% per year in US$. The reconciliation of loans and financing with cash flows resulting from financing activities is presented in note 10(C). ii) Future flows of principal and interest of loans and borrowings payments Schedule of reconciliation of debt to cash flows arising from financing activities Principal Estimated future interest payments (i) 2024 657 779 2025 451 752 2026 572 724 2027 1,700 625 Between 2028 and 2030 3,274 1,540 2031 onwards 5,650 2,182 Total 12,304 6,602 (i) Based on interest rate curves and foreign exchange rates applicable as of December 31, 2023 and considering that the payments of principal will be made on their contracted payments dates. The amount includes the estimated interest not yet accrued and the interest already recognized in the annual financial statements. For the year ended in 2023, 2% of total interest incurred in Loans and borrowings was capitalized (2022: 7%) (note 6). Loan and Borrowing costs that are not capitalized were recognized in the income statement of the year in which they are incurred. Covenants Some of the Company’s loans and borrowings agreements with lenders contain financial covenants. The primary financial covenants in those agreements require maintaining certain ratios, such as debt to EBITDA (as defined in note 4a) and interest coverage. The Company did not identify any instances of noncompliance as of December 31, 2023. Accounting policy Loans and borrowings Loans and borrowing costs are capitalized as part of property, plants and equipment if those costs are directly related to a qualified asset. The capitalization occurs until the qualified asset is ready for its intended use. Interest on loans and borrowing not capitalized is recognized in profit or loss for the year when incurred.

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Leases Abstract
Leases	Leases a) Right of use Schedule of right of use December 31, 2022 Additions and contract modifications Depreciation Transfer to asset held for sale Translation adjustment December 31, 2023 Ports 657 24 (59) - 6 628 Vessels 453 4 (42) - - 415 Pelletizing plants 204 24 (51) - 16 193 Properties 87 12 (25) - 6 80 Energy plants 39 - (5) - - 34 Equipment and Installment of mining 15 10 (8) (8) - 9 Total 1,455 74 (190) (8) 28 1,359 b) Leases liabilities Schedule of lease liabilities December 31, 2022 Additions and contract modifications Payments (i) Interest Transfer to liabilities held for sale Translation adjustment December 31, 2023 Ports 690 24 (66) 31 - 3 682 Vessels 441 4 (63) 15 - - 397 Pelletizing plants 222 24 (64) 9 - 16 207 Properties 105 12 (27) 4 - 8 102 Energy plants 52 - (6) 3 - - 49 Mining equipment 21 10 (7) - (9) - 15 Total 1,531 74 (233) 62 (9) 27 1,452 Current liabilities 182 197 Non-current liabilities 1,349 1,255 Total 1,531 1,452 (i) The total amount of the variable lease payments not included in the measurement of lease liabilities was US$112 recorded in the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2023, (2022:US$ 367). Annual minimum payments and remaining lease term The following table presents the undiscounted lease obligation by maturity date. The lease liability recognized in the statement of financial position is measured at the present value of such obligations. Schedule of summary of annual minimum payments related 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 onwards Total Remaining term (years) Discount rate Ports 70 69 56 43 737 975 3 20 4 5 Vessels 60 59 54 53 292 518 2 10 3 4 Pelletizing plants 60 50 17 17 115 259 1 10 2 6 Properties 28 18 16 14 38 114 1 10 2 6 Energy plants 10 10 6 5 46 77 1 7 5 6 Mining equipment 8 4 2 - - 14 1 5 3 6 Total 236 210 151 132 1,228 1,957 Accounting policy The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the lease term or the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset. Leases The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with less than 12 months of lease term and/or leases of low-value assets. The payments associated to these leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise: (i) fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments; (ii) variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate; and (iii) the exercise price under a purchase option or renewal option that are under the Company’s control and is reasonably certain to be exercised. The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate. When the lease liability is remeasured, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

Brumadinho dam failure

Brumadinho dam failure	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Brumadinho dam failure	Brumadinho dam failure In January 2019, a tailings dam (“Dam I”) experienced a failure at the Córrego do Feijão mine, in the city of Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The failure released a flow of tailings debris, destroying some of Vale’s facilities, affecting local communities and disturbing the environment. The tailings released have caused an impact of around 315 km in extension, reaching the nearby Paraopeba River. The dam failure in Brumadinho (“event”) resulted in 270 fatalities or presumed fatalities and caused extensive property and environmental damage in the region. As a result of the dam failure, the Company recognized provisions to meet its assumed obligations, including indemnification to those affected by the event, remediation of the impacted areas and compensation to the society. Changes in the provisions are shown below: Schedule of changes in provisions to meet its assumed obligations, including de-characterization of the dams December 31, 2022 Revision to estimates and new provisions Monetary and present value adjustments Disbursements Translation adjustment December 31, 2023 Judicial Settlement for Integral Reparation Payment obligations 882 34 79 (495) 62 562 Provision for socio-economic reparation and others 867 (4) 97 (423) 55 592 Provision for social and environmental reparation 777 9 82 (86) 61 843 2,526 39 258 (1,004) 178 1,997 Other obligations Tailings containment, geotechnical safety and environmental reparation 559 200 58 (175) 42 684 Individual indemnification 45 104 9 (78) 3 83 Other 182 133 38 (73) 16 296 786 437 105 (326) 61 1,063 Liability 3,312 476 363 (1,330) 239 3,060 The cash flow for obligations are estimated for an average period ranging from 5 7 9.08 8.36 In addition, the Company has incurred expenses, which have been recognized straight to the income statement as “other operating expenses, net” (note 5c), in relation to tailings management, communication, humanitarian assistance, payroll, legal services, water supply, among others. The Company incurred expenses in the amount of US$ 499 626 650 Judicial Settlement for Integral Reparation The Settlement for Integral Reparation includes: (i) payment obligations, of which the funds will be used directly by the State of Minas Gerais and Institutions of Justice for socio-economic and socio-environmental compensation projects; (ii) socioeconomic projects in Brumadinho and other municipalities; and (iii) compensation of the environmental damage caused by the dam failure. These obligations are projected for an average period of 5 years. For the measures (i) and (ii), the agreement specifies an amount for each project and changes in the original budget and deadlines may have an impact in the provision. In addition, the execution of the environmental recovery actions has no cap limit despite having been estimated in the Judicial Settlement for Integral Reparation due to the Company's legal obligation to fully repair the environmental damage caused by the dam failure. The expenses related to these obligations are deducted from the income tax calculation, in accordance with the Brazilian tax regulation, which is subject to periodic inspection by the competent authorities. Therefore, although Vale is monitoring this provision, the amount recorded could materially change depending on several factors that are not under the Company’s control. Other obligations The Company is also working to ensure geotechnical safety of the remaining structures at the Córrego do Feijão mine, in Brumadinho, and the removal and proper disposal of the tailings of Dam I, including dredging part of the released material and de-sanding from the channel of the river Paraopeba. In 2023, the review of estimates to carry out these actions resulted in an addition to the provision in the amount of US$ 200 303 For the individual indemnification, Vale and the Public Defendants of the State of Minas Gerais formalized an agreement on April 5, 2019, under which those affected by the Brumadinho’s dam failure may join an individual or family group out-of Court settlement agreements for the indemnification of material, economic and moral damages. This agreement establishes the basis for a wide range of indemnification payments, which were defined according to the best practices and case law of Brazilian Courts, following rules and principles of the United Nations. a) Legal proceedings Public civil actions brought by the State of Minas Gerais and state public prosecutors for damages resulting from the failure of Dam I The Company is party to public civil actions brought by the State of Minas Gerais and justice institutions, claiming compensation for socioeconomic and socio-environmental damages resulting from the dam failure and seeking a broad range of decisions ordering Vale to execute specific remediation and reparation actions. As a result of the Judicial Settlement for Integral Reparation, settled in February 2021, the requests for the reparation of socio-environmental and socioeconomic damages caused by the dam failure were substantially resolved. Indemnifications for individual damages were excluded from the Judicial Settlement for Integral Reparation, and the Term of Commitment signed with the Public Defendants of the State of Minas Gerais was ratified, whose parameters are utilized as a basis for the settlement of individual agreements. The likelihood of a financial loss to the Company is classified as possible and it is not yet possible to reliably estimate the amount of a potential loss to Vale. Public civil action and investigation under the Brazilian Anticorruption Law In October 2020, the Brazilian Office of the Comptroller General (“CGU”) notified the Company about an administrative proceeding prosecution based on the same allegations mentioned above under the Brazilian Law 12,846/2013 in connection with inspection and monitoring activities related to the Brumadinho dam. In August 2022, the CGU concluded that Vale has failed to present reliable information to the Brazilian National Mining Agency (“ANM”), as once a positive stability condition statement (“DCE”) was issued for the Dam I, where it should be negative in the view of the CGU. Thus, even recognizing the non-existence of corruption acts or practices, the CGU fined Vale US$ 18 86 In September 2023, CGU denied the request for reconsideration filed by the Company and, therefore, Vale paid the fine of US$ 18 86 Class action in the United States Vale is defending itself against a class action brought before a Federal Court in New York and filed by holders of securities - American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") - issued by Vale. Following the decision of the Court, in May 2020, that partially denied the Motion to Dismiss presented by the Company, the Discovery phase has started and was concluded in November 2023. Upon the filing of a pre-motion letter for the Motion for Summary Judgment by Vale, the Court should decide whether the Parties may file their motion for summary judgment. In addition, a Court hearing will be held in 2024, with oral arguments before the Court on the Motion for Class Decertification filed by Vale. On November 24, 2021, a new complaint was filed before the same Court by eight Plaintiffs, all investment funds, as an “opt-out” litigation from the class action already pending in the Eastern District of New York court, asserting virtually the same allegations in the main class action. The Parties are still exchanging briefs on the merits of the claims. The likelihood of loss of these proceedings is considered possible. However, considering the current phase of this class action, it is not yet possible to reliably estimate the amount of a potential loss. The amount of damages sought in these claims is unspecified. Criminal proceedings and investigations In January 2020, the State Prosecutors of Minas Gerais (“MPMG”) filed criminal charges against 16 individuals (including former executive officers of Vale and former employees) for a number of potential crimes, including homicide, and against Vale S.A. for alleged environmental crimes. In November 2021, the Brazilian Federal Police concluded the investigation on potential criminal responsibility related with the Brumadinho dam failure and the final report sent to the Federal Public Prosecutors (“MPF”). In January 2023, after the Federal Supreme Court recognized the competence of the Federal Court, the MPF ratified the complaint presented by MPMG, which was received by the competent authority. The MPF and the Brazilian Federal Police conducted a separate investigation into the causes of the dam failure in Brumadinho, which may result in new criminal proceedings. Vale is defending itself against the criminal claims and is not possible to estimate when a decision will be issued. The likelihood of a financial loss to the Company is classified as possible and it is not yet possible to reliably estimate the amount of a potential loss to Vale. Public civil actions brought by labor unions In 2021, public civil actions were filed with Labor Court of Betim in the State of Minas Gerais, by a workers' unions claiming the compensation for death damages to own and outsourced employees, who died as a result of the failure of Dam I. Initial decisions sentenced Vale to pay US$ 200 1 Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and investigations conducted by the CVM On April 28, 2022, the SEC filed a lawsuit against Vale in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, alleging that certain Vale’s disclosures related to dam safety management prior to the dam failure in Brumadinho violated U.S. securities laws. On March 28, 2023, Vale reached a settlement with the SEC to fully resolve this litigation. Under the agreement, without admitting or denying the settled claims, Vale paid US$ 56 CVM is also conducting investigations relating to Vale's disclosure of relevant information to shareholders, investors and the market in general, especially regarding the conditions and management of Vale's dams. The likelihood of loss of this proceeding is classified as possible and it is not yet possible to reliably estimate the amount of a potential loss to the Company. Arbitration proceedings in Brazil filed by shareholders, a class association and foreign investment funds In Brazil, Vale is named as a defendant in (i) one arbitration filed by 385 minority shareholders, (ii) two arbitrations filed by a class association allegedly representing all Vale’s noncontrolling shareholders, and (iii) three arbitrations filed by foreign investment funds. In the six proceedings, the claimants argue that Vale was aware of the risks associated with the dam and failed to disclose it to its shareholders. Based on such argument, they claim compensation for losses caused by the decrease in share price. The expectation of loss is classified as possible for the six procedures and, considering the initial phase, it is not possible at this time to reliably estimate the amount of a possible loss. In one of the proceedings filed by foreign funds, the Claimants initially estimated the amount of the alleged losses would be approximately US$359 (R$1,800 million). In another proceeding filed by foreign funds, the Claimants initially estimated the amount of the alleged losses would be approximately US$779 (R$3,900 million). Other proceedings Vale is defendant in a number of investigations and proceedings brought by individuals, business entities, investors, associations, unions, legislative bodies, non-governmental organizations and other entities seeking remediation and compensation for environmental, property and personal damages resulting from the Brumadinho dam failure, including alleged violations of securities laws. The potential loss was US$ 94 132 b) Insurance The Company is negotiating with insurers the payment of indemnification under its civil liability and Directors and Officers Liability Insurance. In 2023, the Company received US$ 30 6 Critical accounting estimates and judgments The provision for social, economic and environmental Thus, the amounts actually incurred by the Company may differ from the amounts currently provisioned, due to the confirmation of the assumptions used and which depend on several factors, some of which are not under the Company's control. These changes could result in a material impact on the amount of the provision in future periods. At each presentation date of its financial statements, the Company will reassess the main assumptions used in the preparation of projected cash flows and will adjust the provision, when applicable.

Liabilities related to associat

Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Liabilities Related To Associates And Joint Ventures
Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures	Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures In November 2015, the Fundão tailings dam owned by Samarco Mineração S.A. (“Samarco”) experienced a failure, flooding certain communities and impacting communities and the environment along the Doce River. The dam failure resulted in 19 fatalities and caused property and environmental damage to the affected areas. Samarco is a joint venture equally owned by Vale S.A. and BHP Billiton Brasil Ltda. (‘‘BHPB’’). In 2016, Vale, Samarco and BHPB, entered into a Framework Agreement with the Federal Government of Brazil, the states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais and certain other public authorities to establish the Renova Foundation that is developing and executing environmental and socio-economic programs to remediate and provide compensation for damage caused by the Samarco dam failure. In June 2018, Samarco, Vale and BHPB entered into a comprehensive agreement with the offices of the federal and state (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo) prosecutors, public defenders and attorney general, among other parties (“TacGov Agreement”), improving the governance mechanism of Renova Foundation and establishing, among other things, a process for potential revisions to the remediation programs under the Framework Agreement. These agreements aim to remediate and provide compensation for damage caused, of which Samarco has primary responsibility for funding the obligations, and Vale and BHPB have secondary funding obligations under the Framework Agreement in proportion to their 50 per cent shareholding in Samarco. a) Judicial reorganization of Samarco In April 2021, Samarco filed for Judicial Reorganization (“JR”) with the Courts of Minas Gerais to renegotiate its debt, which was held by bondholders abroad. The purpose of JR is to restructure Samarco’s debts and establish an independent and sustainable financial position, allowing Samarco to keep working to resume its operations safely and to fulfill its obligations related to the Renova Foundation. In May 2023, Vale S.A. entered into a binding agreement jointly with BHPB, Samarco and certain creditors which hold together more than 50% of Samarco's debt, setting the parameters of Samarco’s debt restructuring to be implemented through a consensual restructuring plan, which was approved by the creditors, submitted to the JR Court in July 2023, and confirmed by the judge in September 2023. In December 2023, Samarco’s existing US$ 4.8 3.9 After the execution of the plan, Samarco has a lean capital structure, in line with its operational ramp-up and cash flow generation. The plan considers the fund of the reparation and compensation programs capped at US$ 1 b) Main contingent liabilities Public Civil Action filed by the Federal Government and others and public civil action filed by the Federal Public Ministry ("MPF") Vale is a defendant in several legal proceedings brought by governmental authorities and civil associations claiming recover socioenvironmental and socioeconomic damages and a number of specific remediation measures as a result of the Samarco’s Fundão dam failure, including a claim brought by the Federal Public Prosecution Office in 2016 seeking several measures that amount to US$ 31 155 This Public Civil Action was suspended as a result of the ratification of TacGov agreement. However, as pre-requisites established in the TacGov Agreement, for renegotiation of the Framework Agreement were not implemented during the established period, in 2020, the Brazilian Federal and State prosecutors and public defenders filed a request for the immediate resumption of this claim. Therefore, Vale, Samarco, BHPB and Federal and State prosecutors have been engaging in negotiations to seek a definitive settlement of the obligations under the Framework Agreement and the US$ 31 155 Judicial decision requesting cash deposits and increase on the territories affected by the collapse In March 2023, as part of a proceeding related to a potential increase on the number of territories recognized as affected by the collapse of Samarco’s Fundão dam and covered by the TTAC, a Federal Court issued a decision ordering Vale and BHP Brasil to make judicial deposits in the total amount of US$ 2.1 10.3 In August 2023, the judge issued a judicial decision recognizing the existence of new territories impacted by the collapse of the Fundão dam. The Company is adopting the appropriate legal measures and believes its provisions are sufficient to comply with the TTAC obligations. Judicial decision on collective moral damages In January 2024 (subsequent event), the 4th Federal Lower Civil Court of Belo Horizonte issued a judicial decision requiring the payment of collective moral damages in the amount of US$9.5 billion (R$47.6 billion) (the effect for Vale would be 50% of this amount), subject to monetary adjustments from the date of the decision and interests from November 2015. The Company is defending itself and believes the likelihood of loss in relation of the merits of these proceedings is possible, however, the likelihood of loss in the alleged amount is assessed as remote. c) Provision related to the Samarco dam failure In preparing these financial statements, Vale has considered all information available from the status of the potential settlement agreement, the claims related to the Samarco dam failure and the extent to which Samarco may be able to fund any future outflows. As a result, the Company recognized an addition to the provision in the amount of US$ 1,200 Schedule of changes in provision related to dam failure Total Balance on December 31, 2022 3,321 Addition to the provision due to change in estimates 1,200 Monetary and present value adjustments 198 Disbursements (553) Translation adjustments 261 Balance on December 31, 2023 4,427 The cash outflows to meet the obligations are discounted at present value at a rate in nominal terms, which decreased from 9.51 8.90 d) Other contingent liabilities As of December 31, 2023, Vale has certain contingent liabilities arising as a consequence of the Samarco dam failure. The main updates regarding the lawsuits in the year were as follows: London Contribution claim As a result of the rupture of Samarco’s Fundão dam failure, BHP Group Ltd (“BHP”) was named as defendant in group action claims for damages filed in the courts of England and Wales for various plaintiffs, between individuals, companies and municipalities from Brazil that were supposedly affected by the Samarco dam failure (the “UK Claim”). On December 2022, BHP filed a “Contribution Claim” against Vale, requesting the Company to share the indemnification established in the UK Claim. Both the Contribution Claim and the UK Claim are still ongoing, and there has not been any decision on their merits. It is not yet possible to reliably estimate the amount of a potential loss to Vale. Criminal proceedings In September 2019, the federal court dismissed all criminal charges against Vale representatives relating to the first group of charges, which concerns the results of the Fundão dam failure, remaining only the legal entity in the passive pole. The second group of charges against Vale S.A. and one of the Company’s employees, which concerns the accusation of alleged crimes committed against the Environmental Public Administration, remained unchanged. The Company cannot estimate when a final decision on the case will be issued. The likelihood of loss is classified as possible and it is not yet possible to reliably estimate the amount of a potential loss to Vale. Tax proceeding In September 2018, the federal tax authorities filed a request before a federal court in Belo Horizonte for an order to Vale’s assets to secure the payment of Samarco’s federal tax and social security debts, in the amount of approximately US$ 2.3 11 Other proceedings Vale is defendant in several private actions, before different state and federal courts in the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, brought by individuals and other entities seeking remediation and compensation for environmental, property and personal damages resulting from the Samarco dam failure. e) Tax consequences for Vale arising from the consensual restructuring plan of Samarco The plan provides that additional cash demands from Renova Foundation will be made through capital contributions to Samarco. The contributions have been carried out directly by Vale and BHPB to the Renova Foundation on behalf of Samarco and, therefore, they were deemed tax deductible as incurred, according to the Brazilian tax regulation. Therefore, due to the change in the mechanism to fund Renova, Vale will no longer be allowed to deduct future payments from its income tax computation as they are not tax deductible in Brazil. Thus, the deferred income tax asset over the provision in the amount of US$ 1,078 In addition, the Plan does not require the capitalization of the expenses of US$ 703 3,404 f) Summarized financial information The summarized financial information of Samarco are as follows. The stand-alone financial statements of Samarco may differ from the financial information reported herein, which is prepared considering Vale’s accounting policies. Schedule of financial information of Samarco December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current assets 532 454 Non-current assets 3,590 2,748 Total Assets 4,122 3,202 Current liabilities 3,342 10,808 Non-current liabilities 12,179 7,401 Total Liabilities 15,521 18,209 Negative reserves (11,399) (15,007) Net income for the year ended 2,669 11 g) Insurance Since the Fundão dam failure, the Company has been negotiating with insurers the indemnification payments based on its general liability policies. In 2021, the Company received payments in the amount of US$ 33 Critical accounting estimates and judgments Under Brazilian legislation and the terms of the joint venture agreement The provision related to the Samarco dam failure requires the use of assumptions and estimates, which may be materially impacted by: (i) the scope and cost of completing the programs under the Framework Agreement, including the ongoing legal actions in relation to the number of people eligible for compensation and the amount of damages to which they are entitled, (ii) the terms of any potential future settlement agreement in respect of the Federal Public Prosecution Office Claim, including potential amounts payable, obligations of the parties to perform ongoing programs of the Framework Agreement, and the period of time over which any settlement amounts may be payable, (iii) the extent to which Samarco is able to directly fund any future obligations relating to reparation and compensation measures as Samarco’s long-term cash flow generation depends on factors including its ability to return to full production capacity and commodity prices, (iv) resolution of existing and potential legal claims, and (v) updates of the discount rate. As a result, future expenditures may differ from the amounts currently provided and changes to key assumptions could result in a material impact to the amount of the provision in future reporting periods.

Provision for de-characterizati

Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Provision For De-characterization Of Dam Structures And Asset Retirement Obligations
Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations	Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations The Company is subject to local laws and regulations, that requires the decommissioning of the assets that Vale operates at the end of their useful lives, therefore, expenses for demobilization occur predominantly after the end of operational activities. These obligations are regulated by the ANM at the federal level and by environmental agencies at the state level. Among the requirements, the decommissioning plans must consider the physical, chemical and biological stability of the areas and post-closure actions for the period necessary to verify the effectiveness of the decommissioning. These obligations are accrued and are subject to critical estimates and assumptions applied to the measurement of costs by the Company. Depending on the geotechnical characteristics of the structures, the Company is required to de-characterize the structures, as shown in item a) below. Laws and regulations related to dam safety In September 2020, the Federal Government enacted Law no. 14.066, which modified the National Dam Safety Policy (Law no. 12,334/2020), reinforcing the prohibition of constructing and raising upstream dams in Brazil. The law also required the de-characterization of the structures built using the upstream method by 2022, or by a later date if proven that the de-characterization was not technically feasible by 2022. As made available to competent bodies, a substantial part of the Company's de-characterization projects will be completed in a period exceeding the date established in the legislation due to the characteristics and safety levels of the Company's geotechnical structures. Thus, in February 2022, the Company filed with the relevant bodies a request for an extension to perform the projects and, as a result, signed a Term of Commitment establishing legal and technical certainty for the process of de-characterization of the upstream dams, considering that the deadline defined was technically infeasible, especially due to the necessary actions to increase safety during the works. With the signing of the agreement, the Company recorded an additional provision of US$ 37 In December 2022, the Federal Government published decree no. 11,310, which regulates dispositions of the National Dam Safety Policy, regulates dam supervision activities, establishes the competence to regulate the extension of the self-rescue zone for authorities acting in dam emergency situations, and presents guidelines on technical reports regarding the causes of a breach and other aspects of management of geotechnical structures. This decree also determined that companies must present guarantees for dams in an alert situation. In February 2023, ANM issued a resolution that modifies the current dam safety regulation. The main changes are new rules in connection with the active and passive monitoring during the de-characterization of dams, the simplified dam collapse study and simplified emergency action plan for specific cases, and the dam safety plan (“PSB”). The Company believes its provisions are sufficient to comply with the effective legal obligations. In December 2023, the government of Minas Gerais published decree No. 48,747, which regulates the measurement and execution of environmental guarantees individually for each dam, based on the reservoir area, classification and purpose of the dam, and estimated de-characterization costs and should be kept throughout the useful life of the dam, from its start-up phase until the de-characterization and socio-environmental recovery. The guarantee may be a cash deposit, bank deposit certificate, bank guarantee or insurance. The guarantees shall be presented up to 3 years, with half of the amount in 2024 and the remaining amount split between 2025 and 2026. The value of the guarantees is estimated at US$ 370 1.8 Decommissioning plan and future use The implementation and execution of future use projects, after the decommissioning, is not required by law. However, the Company has been studying a governance to assess the future use, considering its aptitudes, post-operational usage intention, socio-economic development of the community and the characteristics of the physical and biotic environments in which Vale operates. Any future obligations, if assumed by Vale, may result in material impact on the amount of the provision. a) De-characterization of upstream and centerline geotechnical structures As a result of the Brumadinho dam failure (note 25) and, in compliance with Law 14,066, the Company has decided to speed up the plan to “de-characterize” of all its tailings dams built under the upstream method, certain “centerline structures” and dikes, located in Brazil. The Company also operates tailings dams in Canada, including upstream compacted dams. However, the Company decided that these dams will be decommissioned using other methods, thus, the provision to carry out the decommissioning of dams in Canada is recognized as “Obligations for decommissioning assets and environmental obligations”, as presented in item (b) below. These structures are in different stages of maturity, some of them still in the conceptual engineering phase, for which the estimate of expenditures includes in its methodology a high degree of uncertainty in the definition of the total cost of the project in accordance with best market practices. The cash flow for de-characterization projects are estimated for a period up to 15 6.14 5.41 Schedule of changes in the provisions, de-characterization of dam structures located in Brazil Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 3,464 Revision to estimates and new provisions 72 Disbursements (347) Monetary and present value adjustments (139) Translation adjustment 249 Balance as of December 31, 2022 3,299 Revision to estimates and new provisions 153 Disbursements (458) Monetary and present value adjustments 199 Translation adjustment 258 Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,451 Public civil actions relating to evacuation of communities In August 2023, Vale entered into an agreement to extinguish the Public Civil Action of the Sul Superior dam, located in Barão de Cocais, in the amount of US$ 108 527 In December 2022, Vale entered into an agreement to extinguish the Public Civil Action of the B3/B4 dam located in Nova Lima, in the amount of US$ 96 500 57 292 In addition, the Company is defending itself in a public civil action filed by the Public Prosecutor's Office of the State of Minas Gerais claiming injunctions and socio-economic damages arising from the evacuations of communities located within the self-rescue zones of the Doutor dam, located in Ouro Preto. The Company assessed that the risk of loss is possible and, at this moment, it is not possible to reliably estimate the amount of a possible loss for the Company. Operational stoppage and idle capacity In addition, due to the de-characterization projects, the Company has suspended some operations due to judicial decisions or technical analysis performed by Vale on its upstream dam structures located in Brazil. The Company has been recording losses in relation to the operational stoppage and idle capacity of the Iron Ore Solutions segment in the amounts of US$ 218 269 376 b) Asset retirement obligations and environmental obligations Schedule of changes in the provision of asset retirement obligations and environmental obligations Liability Discount rate Cash flow maturity Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Liability by geographical area Brazil 2,415 1,863 5.47 6.20 2132 2096 Canada 1,592 1,683 1.30 1.11 2150 2151 Oman 158 114 3.19 3.90 2035 2035 Indonesia 16(b) - 73 - 4.33 - 2061 Other regions 114 149 2.04 1.92 - - 4,279 3,882 Operating plants 3,155 2,971 Closed plants 1,124 911 4,279 3,882 Provision changes during the year Schedule of provision changes during the year Asset retirement obligations Environmental obligations Total Balance on December 31, 2021 4,342 297 4,639 Disbursements (101) (26) (127) Revision to estimates and new provisions (i) (684) 46 (638) Transfer to assets held for sale (49) (2) (51) Monetary and present value adjustments 78 7 85 Translation adjustment (41) 15 (26) Balance on December 31, 2022 3,545 337 3,882 Disbursements (172) (101) (273) Revision to estimates and new provisions 206 219 425 Transfer to assets held for sale (84) - (84) Monetary and present value adjustments 126 17 143 Translation adjustment 158 28 186 Balance on December 31, 2023 3,779 500 4,279 (i) Among other factors, includes the reduction in liability of US$870, due to the update in the discount rate of the asset retirement obligation in Canada, which increased from 0.00% to 1.11% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Critical accounting estimates and judgments De-characterization of dam structures Therefore, future expenditures may differ from the amounts currently provided because the realized assumptions and various other factors are not always under the Company’s control. These changes to key assumptions could result in a material impact to the amount of the provision in future reporting periods. At each reporting period, the Company will reassess the key assumptions used in the preparation of the projected cash flows and will adjust the provision, if required. Asset retirement obligations - The long-term liability is discounted at presented value using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability and the unwinds are recorded in the income statement and is reduced by payments for mine closure and decommissioning of mining assets. The accrued amounts of these obligations are not deducted from the potential costs covered by insurance or indemnities. Judgment is required to determine key assumptions used on the asset retirement obligation measurement such as, interest rate, cost of closure, useful life of the mining asset considering the current conditions of closure and the projected date of depletion of each mine. Any changes in these assumptions may significantly impact the recorded provision. Therefore, the estimated costs for closure of the mining assets are deemed to be a critical accounting estimate and annually reviewed.

Legal proceedings

Legal proceedings	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Legal proceedings	28. Legal proceedings The Company is a defendant in numerous legal actions in the ordinary course of business, including civil, tax, environmental and labor proceedings. The Company makes use of estimates to recognize the amounts and the probability of outflow of resources, based on reports and technical assessments and on management’s assessment. Provisions are recognized for probable losses of which a reliable estimate can be made. Arbitral, legal and administrative decisions against the Company, new jurisprudence and changes of existing evidence can result in changes regarding the probability of outflow of resources and on the estimated amounts, according to the assessment of the legal basis. a) Provision for legal proceedings Schedule of changes in provision for litigations Tax litigation Civil litigation Labor litigation Environmental litigation Total of litigation provision Balance as of December 31, 2021 456 284 358 7 1,105 Additions and reversals, net 40 38 67 8 153 Payments (40) (67) (56) (1) (164) Indexation and interest 89 26 19 - 134 Transfer to held for sale (1) (7) (2) - (10) Translation adjustment 32 17 25 - 74 Balance as of December 31, 2022 576 291 411 14 1,292 Additions and reversals, net (8) 70 167 - 229 Payments (4) (43) (93) (7) (147) Indexation and interest 90 39 (5) 7 131 Transfer to payable taxes (611) - - - (611) Translation adjustment 47 23 34 1 105 Balance as of December 31, 2023 90 380 514 15 999 The Company has considered all information available to assess the likelihood of an outflow of resources and in the preparation on the estimate of the costs that may be required to settle the obligations. Tax litigations – The transfer to payable taxes refers to the lawsuit filed in 2011 by Valepar (merged by Vale) seeking the right to exclude the amount of dividends received in the form of interest on capital (“JCP”) from the PIS and COFINS tax base. This proceeding is fully guaranteed by a judicial deposit. In December 2023, a judicial decision was issued determining the conversion of part of the judicial deposit to the Government, resulting in the reclassification of the amount to payable taxes. Civil litigations - Refers to lawsuits for: (i) indemnities for losses, payments and contractual fines due to contractual imbalance or non-compliance that are alleged by suppliers, and (ii) land claims referring to real estate related to Vale's operational activities. Labor litigations - Refers to lawsuits for individual claims by in-house employees and service providers, primarily involving demands for additional compensation for overtime work, moral damages or health and safety conditions. Environmental litigations - Refers mainly to proceedings for environmental damages and issues related to environmental licensing. The lawsuits related to the Brumadinho event (note 25) and the Samarco dam failure (note 26) are presented in its specific notes to these financial statements and, therefore, are not disclosed below. b) Contingent liabilities Schedule of contingent liabilities December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Tax litigations 7,235 6,590 Civil litigations 1,366 1,270 Labor litigations 378 569 Environmental litigations 1,320 1,102 Total 10,299 9,531 The main contingent liabilities, updated by applicable interest rates, for which the likelihood of loss is considered possible are presented by nature as follows. The proceedings related to the Brumadinho event (note 25) and the Samarco dam failure (note 26) are presented in its specific notes to these financial statements. Tax proceedings - Financial compensation for the exploration of mineral resources (“CFEM”) The Company is engaged in numerous administrative and judicial proceedings related to the mining royalty known as CFEM. These proceedings arise from assessments by the Brazilian National Mining Agency (“ Agência Nacional de Mineração 2,132 10,320 1,831 9,555 Tax proceedings – PIS/COFINS The Company is a party to several claims related to the alleged misuse of PIS and COFINS credits (federal taxes levied on the companies’ gross revenue). Brazilian tax legislation authorizes taxpayers to deduct PIS and COFINS tax credits, such as those referring to the acquisition of inputs for the production process and other items. The tax authorities mainly claim that (i) some credits were not related to the production process, and (ii) the right to use the tax credits was not adequately proven. The Company is discussing the afore mentioned charges related to credits determined as of 2002. The chances of loss related to these lawsuits classified as possible total US$ 2,198 10,640 1,720 8,975 Tax proceedings – Tax on Services (“ISS”) The Company is party to several administrative and judicial proceedings related to the collection of ISS in several Brazilian municipalities. The tax authorities’ main allegations for those proceedings are: (i) the tax basis used for computing the tax payable was incorrect; (ii) failure to pay ISS related to third-party property and business management services; and (iii) the incidence of ISS over own goods port handling services (“self-service”). As of December 31, 2023, the total amount of the possible loss is US$ 738 3,573 626 3,268 Tax proceedings – Value added tax on services and circulation of goods (“ICMS”) The Company is engaged in several administrative and judicial proceedings relating to additional charges of ICMS by the tax authorities of different Brazilian states. In each of these proceedings, the tax authorities claim that (i) misuse of tax credit; (ii) the Company is required to pay the ICMS on acquisition of electricity (iii) operations related to the collection of tax rate differential (“DIFAL”) and (iv) incidence of ICMS on its own transportation. The total amount classified as a possible loss is US$ 586 2,835 558 2,910 Tax proceedings – Fines arising from offsets not approved for settlement of federal debts Vale is a party to several assessments by the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service (“RFB”) referring to the imposition of fines of 50% on the value of compensation not approved for the settlement of federal debts. The RFB understands that these offsets were made with undue credits. We are challenging these assessments and the tax offset rejection in other proceedings. The constitutional foundations for charging these fines were discussed in leading cases and, in 2023 September, the STF discussion has become final with victory for the taxpayers to declare the charge unconstitutional. The possible loss of these assessments was changed to remote, and we expect that these fines will be cancelled. As of December 31, 2023, the total amount of fines imposed was US$ 626 3,032 524 2,735 Civil proceedings - Environmental licensing of the Company's operations in the State of Pará, Brazil The Company is a party to several civil proceedings, which are not individually material. Among these processes, the Company is engaged on public civil actions brought by associations representing the Kayapó and Xikrin indigenous communities, in the state of Pará, which seek to suspend the Company’s environmental licenses for Onça Puma (nickel), Salobo (copper) and S11D (iron ore). Those associations claim, among other things, that during the environmental licensing process, the Company did not perform appropriate studies on the impacts from those operations over the surrounding indigenous communities, which were ordinarily processed and approved by the competent licensing bodies. In 2022, the Company entered into an indemnity agreement with the indigenous communities Xikrin do Cateté and Kayapó, for social and economic compensation. However, the Company is still defending itself against the environmental claims, which likelihood of loss is deemed as possible, however, it is not yet possible to estimate the amount of a potential loss due to the interruption of these operations or any potential agreement to mitigate and compensate. Environmental proceedings– Environmental licensing of the Company's operations in the States of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, Brazil The Company is a party to a public civil action filed by associations representing the owners of areas near to the Mar Azul, Tamanduá and Capão Xavier mines. The associations are requesting the cancellation of Vale's mining and environmental licenses to operate those mines, mainly claiming that the mining activities are contaminating the water springs in the region. The Company is defending itself against the lawsuit, which it believes that the likelihood of loss is possible, however, it is not yet possible to estimate the amount of a potential loss due to the interruption of these operations or any potential agreement to mitigate and compensate. In addition, the Company is also a party to public civil actions filed by the Public Ministry of the State of Minas Gerais and by the municipality of Jeceaba requesting the Company to stop disposing tailings at Maravilhas II and III dams (Vargem Grande complex), Forquilhas V (Fábrica complex) and Dam 7 (Viga mine). The Company signed a partial agreement with the municipality from Dam 7. The Company believes that the likelihood of loss is possible, however, it is not yet possible to estimate the amount of a potential loss due to an interruption of these operations or any potential agreement to mitigate and compensate. Labor litigations – Safety requirements at dams in the State of Pará, Brazil In March 2022, the Labor Prosecutor's Office of the State of Pará filed two public civil actions requesting an indemnification payment of US$ 122 590 2 10 Environmental litigations – Iron ore operations in Itabira The Company is a party to several environmental proceedings, which are not individually material. Among these processes, the Company is a defendant in two separate actions brought by the municipality of Itabira, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In the first action, filed in August 1996, the municipality alleges that Vale iron ore operations have caused environmental and social harm, and claims damages with respect to the alleged environmental degradation, as well as the immediate restoration of the affected ecological complex and the performance of compensatory environmental programs in the region. In the second action, filed in September 1996, the municipality of Itabira claims the right to be reimbursed for expenses it has incurred in connection with public services rendered due to mining activities. The damages sought, as adjusted from the date of the claim, amount to approximately US$ 524 2,538 431 2,249 c) Contingent assets In 2015, the Company filed a legal proceeding to receive the amounts related to compulsory loans with Eletrobrás. In August 2020, the Company received US$ 55 301 48 d) Judicial deposits Schedule of judicial deposits December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Tax litigations 516 945 Civil litigations 122 123 Labor litigations 148 134 Environmental litigations 12 13 Total 798 1,215 e) Guarantees contracted for legal proceedings In addition to the above-mentioned tax, civil, labor and environmental judicial deposits, the Company contracted US$ 2.7 2.3 Accounting policy A provision is recognized when it is considered probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and can be reliably estimated. The liability is accounted against an expense in the income statement. This obligation is updated based on the developments of the judicial process or interest accretion and can be reversed if the expectation of loss is not considered probable due to changes in circumstances or when the obligation is settled. Legal proceedings Contingent assets are disclosed when the related economic benefits are probable and are only recognized in the financial statements in the period in which their realization is virtually certain. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Legal proceedings are contingent by nature, that is, it will be resolved when one or more future event occurs or fails to occur. Typically, the occurrence or not of such events is outside of the Company’s control. Legal uncertainties involve the application of significant estimates and judgments by management regarding the potential outcomes of future events.

Employee benefits

Employee benefits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Employee Benefits
Employee benefits	29. Employee benefits Schedule of of employee related liabilities Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Notes December 31, 2023 December 31 ,2022 December 31, 2023 December 31 ,2022 Payroll, related charges and other remunerations 29(a) 867 831 - - Share-based payment 29(b) 27 33 - - Employee post-retirement obligation 29(c) 70 66 1,381 1,260 964 930 1,381 1,260 a) Profit sharing program (“PLR”) The Company recorded as cost of goods sold and services rendered and other operating expenses related to the profit sharing program US$ 557 499 474 b) Share-based payments For the long-term incentive programs, the Company compensation plans includes Matching Program and Performance Share Unit program (“PSU”), with three-year-vesting cycles, respectively, with the aim of encouraging employee’s retention and encouraging their performance. The fair value of the programs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the three-year required service period, net of estimated losses. Matching Program For the Matching program, the participants can acquire Vale’s common shares in the market without any benefits being provided by Vale. If the shares acquired are held for a period of three years and the participants keep an employment relationship with Vale, the participant is entitled to receive from Vale an award in shares, equivalent to the number of shares originally acquired by the executive. The fair value of the Matching program was estimated using the Company's share price and ADR and the number of shares granted on the grant date. Schedule of fair value of the matching program 2023 2022 Granted shares 1,330,503 1,437,588 Share price 15.94 20.03 Performance Shares Units (“PSU”) Under the PSU, eligible executives can earn, during a three-year vesting cycle, an award equivalent to the market value of a certain number of common shares and conditioned to Vale's performance factor measured based on Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") and Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") metrics. It is comprised of 75% of TSR metrics and 25% of ESG indicators and health and safety. The fair value of the PSU program was measured by estimating the performance factor using Monte Carlo simulations for the Return to Shareholders Indicator and health and safety and sustainability indicators. The assumptions used for the Monte Carlo simulations are shown in the table below, as well as the result used to calculate the expected value of the total performance factor. Schedule of assumptions used for the monte carlo simulation 2023 2022 Granted shares 1,177,755 1,709,955 Date shares were granted January 2, 2023 January 3, 2022 Share price 16.6 13.81 Expected volatility 48.33 39.00 Expected term (in years) 3 3 Expected shareholder return indicator 72.42 51.20 Expected performance factor 79.32 53.08 c) Employee post-retirement obligation In Brazil, the management of the pension plans is the responsibility of Fundação Vale do Rio Doce de Seguridade Social (“Valia”) a nonprofit entity with administrative and financial autonomy. The Brazilian plans are as follows: Benefit plan Vale Mais (“ Vale Mais Valiaprev Defined benefit plan (“ Plano BD “ Abono complementação Abono complementação Other benefits - abono complementação The foreign plans are managed in accordance with their region. They are divided between plans in Canada, US A, UK and Indonesia. Pension plans in Canada are composed of a defined benefit and defined contribution component. Currently the defined benefit plans do not allow new entrants. The majority of foreign defined benefit plans are underfunded as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and just two overfunded plans as of December 31, 2023 and three in December 31, 2022. In December 2023, the Company entered into annuity contracts to transfer US$ 836 5 Employers’ disclosure about pensions and other post-retirement benefits on the status of the defined benefit elements of all plans is provided as follows. i. Evolution of present value obligation Schedule of present value obligation Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2021 2,833 3,983 1,427 Service costs 45 40 13 Interest costs 325 39 60 Benefits paid (534) (58) (57) Participant contributions - (30) - Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions (784) (109) (343) Translation adjustment 5 (5) (24) Others - - (19) Transfer 3,252 (3,252) - Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022 5,142 608 1,057 Service costs 16 15 8 Interest costs 322 103 68 Benefits paid (479) (126) (56) Participant contributions - - - Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions 468 130 44 Settlement - (836) - Transfer to assets held for sale - (28) (12) Other 3 10 (2) Translation adjustment 246 41 43 Transfer (1,201) 1,201 - Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2023 4,517 1,118 1,150 ii. Evolution of assets fair value Schedule of evolution of assets fair value Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2021 3,752 3,779 - Interest income 412 17 - Employer contributions 45 14 57 Benefits paid (534) (58) (57) Return on plan assets (excluding interest income) (752) (31) - Translation adjustment 44 (9) - Transfer 3,373 (3,373) - Fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2022 6,340 339 - Interest income 429 85 - Employer contributions 22 25 56 Benefits paid (479) (126) (56) Return on plan assets (excluding interest income) 286 44 - Settlement - (841) - Translation adjustment 320 28 - Transfer (1,261) 1,261 - Fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2023 5,657 815 - iii. Reconciliation of assets and liabilities recognized in the statement of financial position Schedule of reconciliation of assets and liabilities recognized in the statement of financial position Plans in Brazil December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Movements of assets ceiling Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Balance at beginning of the year 924 - - 876 - - Interest income 95 - - 83 - - Changes on asset ceiling (194) - - (89) - - Translation adjustment 68 - - 54 - - Balance at end of the year 893 - - 924 - - Amount recognized in the statement of financial position Present value of actuarial liabilities (3,152) (272) (389) (2,634) (246) (321) Fair value of assets 4,045 94 - 3,558 101 - Effect of the asset ceiling (893) - - (924) Liabilities - (178) (389) - (145) (321) Current liabilities - (3) (22) - (3) (16) Non-current liabilities - (175) (367) - (142) (305) Liabilities - (178) (389) - (145) (321) Foreign plan December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Overfunded pension plans (i) Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Movements of assets ceiling Balance at beginning of the year 190 - - 44 - - Interest income 8 1 - 1 - - Changes on asset ceiling and onerous liability 2 (28) - 160 - - Translation adjustment 5 - - (15) - - Transfer (27) 27 - Balance at end of the year 178 - - 190 - - Amount recognized in the statement of financial position Present value of actuarial liabilities (1,365) (846) (759) (2,508) (362) (736) Fair value of assets 1,611 721 - 2,782 238 - Effect of the asset ceiling (178) - - (190) - - Assets (liabilities) 68 (125) (759) 84 (124) (736) Current liabilities - (6) (39) - (7) (40) Non-current assets (liabilities) 68 (119) (720) 84 (117) (696) Assets (liabilities) 68 (125) (759) 84 (124) (736) Total December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Movements of assets ceiling Overfunded pension plans (i) Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Balance at beginning of the year 1,114 - - 919 - - Interest income 103 1 - 84 - - Changes on asset ceiling (192) (28) - 65 - - Translation adjustment 73 - - 46 - - Transfer (27) 27 - - - - Balance at end of the year 1,071 - - 1,114 - - Amount recognized in the statement of financial position Present value of actuarial liabilities (4,517) (1,118) (1,148) (5,142) (608) (1,057) Fair value of assets 5,656 815 - 6,340 339 - Effect of the asset ceiling (1,071) - - (1,114) - - Assets (liabilities) 68 (303) (1,148) 84 (269) (1,057) Current liabilities - (9) (61) - (10) (56) Non-current assets (liabilities) 68 (294) (1,087) 84 (259) (1,001) Assets (liabilities) 68 (303) (1,148) 84 (269) (1,057) (i) The pension plan asset is recorded as “Other non-current assets” in the financial position. iv. Costs recognized in the income statement Schedule of costs recognized in the income statement Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Service cost 16 15 8 45 40 13 10 68 1 Interest expense 322 103 68 325 39 60 196 122 33 Interest income (429) (85) - (412) (17) - (253) (102) - Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability 103 1 - 84 - - 58 - - Others 3 10 (2) - - - - - - Total of cost, net 15 44 74 42 62 73 11 88 34 v. Costs recognized in the statement of comprehensive income Schedule of costs recognized in the statement of comprehensive income Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Balance at beginning of the year (124) (45) 62 (93) (92) (172) (101) (400) (363) Effect of changes actuarial assumptions (468) (130) (44) 784 109 343 330 246 261 Return on plan assets (excluding interest income) 286 44 - (752) (31) - (269) 181 - Change of asset ceiling 192 28 - (65) - - (60) - - Others - - (12) (3) - - (5) 3 (4) Total 10 (58) (56) (36) 78 343 (4) 430 257 Deferred income tax (3) 19 20 12 (26) (102) 5 (130) (83) Others comprehensive income 7 (39) (36) (24) 52 241 1 300 174 Translation adjustments (10) (6) (9) (7) (5) (7) 7 8 17 Accumulated other comprehensive income (127) (90) 17 (124) (45) 62 (93) (92) (172) vi. Risks related to plans The Administrators of the plans have committed to strategic planning to strengthen internal controls and risk management. This obligation is achieved by conducting audits and assessments of internal controls, which aim to mitigate operational market and credit risks. Risks are presented as follow: Legal - Actuarial - Market – Credit - Liquidity - vii. Actuarial and economic assumptions and sensitivity analysis All calculations involve future actuarial projections about some parameters, such as: salaries, interest, inflation, mortality and disability. The economic and actuarial assumptions adopted have been formulated considering the long-term period for maturity and should therefore be analyzed accordingly. In the short term they may not be realized. The following assumptions were adopted in the assessment: Schedule of assumptions were adopted Brazil December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 8.57 8.63 10.15 8.59 8.74 9.77 9.88 10.66 9.81 9.90 Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 8.57 8.63 10.15 N/A 9.77 9.88 10.66 N/A Nominal average rate of salary increase 3.08 4.94 4.50 N/A 3.50 5.36 6.86 N/A Nominal average rate of benefit increase 3.08 3.60 4.50 N/A 3.50 4.02 6.86 N/A Immediate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 6.17 N/A N/A 6.35 Ultimate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 6.17 N/A N/A 6.35 Nominal average rate of price inflation 3.08 4.50 3.08 3.50 4.25 3.50 Foreign December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 4.63 4.63 4.64 5.10 5.10 5.14 Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 5.10 5.10 5.14 2.84 2.84 3.03 Nominal average rate of salary increase 3.31 3.31 N/A 3.23 3.23 N/A Nominal average rate of benefit increase 3.00 3.00 N/A 3.00 3.00 N/A Immediate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 4.85 N/A N/A 5.11 Ultimate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 4.49 N/A N/A 4.57 Nominal average rate of price inflation 2.08 2.08 N/A 2.06 2.06 N/A For the sensitivity analysis, the Company applies the effect of 1.0 Brazil December 31, 2023 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Nominal discount rate - 1% increase Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 2,940 262 501 Assumptions made 9.60 11.15 9.67 Nominal discount rate - 1% reduction Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 3,399 283 387 Assumptions made 7.60 9.15 7.67 Foreign December 31, 2023 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Nominal discount rate - 1% increase Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 1,237 745 677 Assumptions made 5.63 5.63 5.65 Nominal discount rate - 1% reduction Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 1,506 957 880 Assumptions made 3.63 3.63 3.64 viii. Assets of pension plans Brazilian plan assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 includes respectively (i) investments in a portfolio of Vale’s share and other instruments in the amount of US$ 32 47 4,793 4,214 592 454 ix. Overfunded pension plans Assets by category are as follows: Schedule of overfunded pension plans December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents - 14 - 14 - 55 - 55 Equity securities 261 - - 261 1,115 - - 1,115 Debt securities - Corporate - 396 - 396 1 367 - 368 Debt securities - Government 3,814 361 - 4,175 3,354 435 - 3,789 Investments funds - Fixed Income 1,391 162 - 1,553 1,040 133 - 1,173 Investments funds - Equity 483 1 - 484 455 1 - 456 International investments 59 186 - 245 23 231 - 254 Structured investments - Private Equity funds - 51 72 123 - 188 240 428 Structured investments - Real estate funds - - - - - - 3 3 Real estate - - 235 235 - - 293 293 Loans to participants - - 162 162 - 128 128 Other - - 187 187 - - - - Total 6,008 1,171 656 7,835 5,988 1,410 664 8,062 Funds not related to risk plans (i) (2,178) (1,722) Fair value of plan assets at end of year 5,657 6,340 (i) Financial investments not related to coverage of overfunded pension plans. Funds are related to the Company´s unconsolidated entities and former employees. Measurement of overfunded plan assets at fair value with no observable market variables (level 3) are as follows: Schedule of measurement of plan assets at fair value with no observable market variables Private equity funds Real estate funds Real estate Loans to participants Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 103 5 212 106 426 Return on plan assets (5) (2) 15 26 34 Assets purchases 10 - 25 280 315 Assets sold during the year (36) - (22) (292) (350) Translation adjustment 4 - 14 8 26 Transfer between Overfunded pension and Underfunded pension plans 164 - 49 - 213 Balance as of December 31, 2022 240 3 293 128 664 Return on plan assets 5 - 9 22 36 Assets purchases 11 - 8 211 230 Assets sold during the year (6) (3) (16) (210) (235) Translation adjustment 8 - 18 11 37 Transfer between Overfunded pension and Underfunded pension plans (58) - (18) (76) Balance as of December 31, 2023 200 - 294 162 656 x. Underfunded pension plans Assets by category are as follows: Schedule of assets by category December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents - 6 - 6 - 2 - 2 Equity securities 112 - - 112 55 - - 55 Debt securities - Corporate - 215 - 215 - 24 - 24 Debt securities - Government 60 150 - 210 46 19 - 65 Investments funds - Fixed Income 41 - - 41 40 - - 40 Investments funds - Equity 8 11 - 19 7 6 - 13 Structured investments - Private Equity funds - - 55 55 - - 8 8 Real estate - - 27 27 - - 6 6 Loans to participants - - 1 1 - - 1 1 Others - - 131 131 - - 125 125 Total 221 382 214 817 148 51 140 339 Measurement of underfunded plan assets at fair value with no observable market variables (level 3) are as follows: Schedule of measurement of underfunded plan assets at fair value Private equity funds Equity pool Real estate Loans to participants Others Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 181 53 3 1 168 406 Return on plan assets 1 - - - (33) (32) Assets purchases - - 1 - - 1 Assets sold during the year (2) - (1) - - (3) Translation adjustment (8) - (2) - (10) (20) Transfer between surplus and deficit plans (164) (53) 5 - - (212) Balance as of December 31, 2022 8 - 6 1 125 140 Return on plan assets 4 - - - 3 7 Assets purchases 3 - 2 - 5 Assets sold during the year (19) - - - (19) Translation adjustment 1 - 1 - 3 5 Transfer between surplus and deficit plans 58 - 18 - 76 Balance as of December 31, 2023 55 - 27 1 131 214 xi. Disbursement of future cash flow Vale expects to disburse US$ 59 xii. Expected benefit payments The expected benefit payments, which reflect future services, are as follows: Schedule of expected benefit payments Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits 2024 275 30 26 2025 277 30 27 2026 279 31 28 2027 280 31 30 2028 281 31 30 2029 and thereafter 1,387 161 167 Accounting policy Employee benefits i. Current benefits – wages, vacations and related taxes Payments of benefits such as wages or accrued vacation, as well the related social security taxes over those benefits are recognized monthly in income, on an accrual basis. ii. Current benefits – profit sharing program The Company has the Annual Incentive Program (AIP) based on Team and business unit’s contribution and Company-wide performance through operational cash generation. The Company makes an accrual based on evaluation periodic of goals achieved and Company result, using the accrual basis and recognition of present obligation arising from past events in the estimated outflow of resources in the future. The accrual is recorded as cost of goods sold and services rendered or operating expenses in accordance with the activity of each employee. iii. Non-current benefits – share-based payments The Company has established a procedure for awarding certain eligible executives (Matching and Performance Share Unit (“PSU”) Programs) with the goal of encouraging employee retention and optimum performance. Share-based long-term compensation programs are equity-settled, under which the Company receives employee services as consideration for equity instruments. The fair value of employee services received in exchange for the grant of options is recognized as an expense. The total amount of expenses is recognized during the period in which the right is acquired; period during which the specific vesting conditions are met. iv. Non-current benefits – pension costs and other post-retirement benefits The Company has several retirement plans for its employees. For defined contribution plans, the Company's obligations are limited to a monthly contribution linked to a pre-defined percentage of the remuneration of employees enrolled into these plans. For defined benefit plans, actuarial calculations are periodically obtained for liabilities determined in accordance with the Projected Unit Credit Method in order to estimate the Company’s obligation. The liability recognized in the statement of financial position represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as of that date, less the fair value of plan assets. The Company recognized in the income statement the costs of services, the interest expense of the obligations and the interest income of the plan assets. The remeasurement of gains and losses, return on plan assets (excluding the amount of interest on return of assets, which is recognized in income for the year) and changes in the effect of the ceiling of the active and onerous liabilities are recognized in comprehensive income for the year. For overfunded plans, the Company recognizes the net defined benefit assets limited to the present value of the economic benefits available as refunds or reductions in future contributions, considering minimum funding requirements applicable. For underfunded plans, the Company recognizes net defined benefit liabilities. The gain or loss on recognition/remeasurement of these net assets/liabilities are recognized in income statement or in comprehensive income, when arising from the actuarial valuation. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Post-retirement benefits for employees - At the end of each year the Company and external actuaries review the assumptions that will be used for the following year. These assumptions are used in determining the fair values of assets and liabilities, costs and expenses and the future values of estimated cash outflows, which are recorded in the plan obligations.

Equity

Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Equity Abstract
Equity	Equity a) Share capital As of December 31, 2023, the share capital was US$ 61,614 4,539,007,580 Schedule of share capital December 31, 2023 Shareholders Common shares Golden shares Total Previ 395,314,056 - 395,314,056 Mitsui&co 286,347,055 - 286,347,055 Blackrock, Inc 264,763,034 - 264,763,034 Total shareholders with more than 5% of capital (i) 946,424,145 - 946,424,145 Free floating 3,353,430,143 - 3,353,430,143 Golden shares - 12 12 Total outstanding (without shares in treasury) 4,299,854,288 12 4,299,854,300 Shares in treasury 239,153,280 - 239,153,280 Total capital 4,539,007,568 12 4,539,007,580 (i) The number of shares is based on communications sent by shareholders pursuant to Resolution 44 issued by the Brazilian Securities Exchange Commission (“CVM”). b) Cancelation of treasury shares During 2023 and 2022, the Board of Directors approved cancellations of common shares issued by the Company, acquired and held in treasury, without reducing the amount of its share capital, as shown below. The effects were transferred in shareholders' equity as "Treasury shares cancelled", between the "Revenue reserve" and "Treasury shares". Schedule of cancelation of treasury shares Number of canceled shares Carrying amount Cancelation approved on March 2, 2023 (i) 239,881,683 4,164 Year ended December 31, 2023 239,881,683 4,164 Cancelation approved on February 24, 2022 (i) 133,418,347 2,830 Cancellation approved on July 28, 2022 220,150,800 3,786 Year ended December 31, 2022 353,569,147 6,616 c) Share buyback program In 2023 and 2022, the Board of Directors approved shares buyback programs for Vale’s shares, as described below. Schedule of share buyback program Total of shares repurchased Effect on cash flows Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Shares buyback program up to 150,000,000 shares (i) Acquired by Parent 1,500,000 - 22 - Acquired by wholly owned subsidiaries 1,500,000 - 22 - Total 3,000,000 - 44 - Shares buyback program up to 500,000,000 shares (ii) Acquired by Parent 93,638,352 87,779,900 1,378 1,375 Acquired by wholly owned subsidiaries 88,058,750 90,847,177 1,292 1,410 Total 181,697,102 178,627,077 2,670 2,785 Shares buyback program up to 470,000,000 shares (iii) Acquired by Parent - 81,855,600 - 1,501 Acquired by wholly owned subsidiaries - 96,959,900 - 1,750 Total - 178,815,500 - 3,251 Shares buyback program 184,697,102 357,442,577 2,714 6,036 (i) On October 26, 2023, a new share buyback program limited to a maximum of 150,000,000 common shares and their respective ADRs, over the next 18 months started from the end of the program previously on going. (ii) On April 27, 2022, the Board of Directors approved the common shares buyback program, limited to a maximum of 500,000,000 common shares or their respective ADRs, with a term of 18 months. (iii) On April 1, 2021, the Board of Directors approved the common share buyback program, limited to a maximum of 270,000,000 common shares or their respective ADRs. In continuation of the previous program, the Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program on October 28, 2021, with a limit of up to 200,000,000 common shares or their respective ADRs. Both programs ended in 2022. d) Profit distribution Schedule of profit distribution 2023 2022 Net income of the year 7,983 18,788 Appropriation to legal reserve (i) - (276) Appropriation to tax incentive reserve (891) (1,157) Net income after appropriations to legal reserve and tax incentive reserve 7,092 17,355 Minimum remuneration to shareholders (ii) 2,042 4,386 Additional shareholders' remuneration from the net income for the year 4,066 437 Total remuneration to shareholders 6,108 4,823 Appropriation to statutory reserve 984 8,821 Appropriation to retained earnings reserve - 3,711 (i) In 2022, the limit of 20% of the share capital for the constitution of the legal reserve was reached, in accordance with article 193 of Law 6,404 and article 39 of the Company's By-laws. (ii) Mandatory minimum remuneration was fully approved. Remuneration approved The Company's By-laws determines as its minimum mandatory remuneration to Vale shareholders an amount equal to 25% of the net income, after appropriations to legal and tax incentive reserves. The remuneration approved as interest on capital (“JCP”) is gross up with the income tax applicable to Vale’s shareholders. The remuneration to Vale’s shareholders was based on the following resolutions: · On February 22, 2024 (subsequent event), the Board of Directors has approved remuneration to shareholders in the total amount of US$ 2,364 11,722 · On October 26, 2023, the Board of Directors approved an additional remuneration to its shareholders in the amount of US$ 2,000 10,033 657 3,295 1,343 6,738 · On July 27, 2023, the Board of Directors approved interest on capital to its shareholders in the amount of US$ 1,744 8,277 · On February 16, 2023, the Board of Directors approved the shareholder’s remuneration of US$ 1,569 8,130 1,132 5,865 437 2,265 · On December 1, 2022, the Board of Directors approved interest on capital to shareholders in the amount of US$ 254 1,319 · On July 28, 2022, the Board of Directors approved the remuneration to shareholders in the amount of US$ 3,000 16,243 · On February 24, 2022, the Board of Directors approved the remuneration to shareholders in the amount of US$ 3,500 17,849 e) Profit reserves Schedule of profit reserves Legal reserve Tax incentive reserve Statutory reserve Retained earnings reserve Additional remuneration reserve Total of profit reserves Balance as of December 31, 2021 2,523 3,083 6,898 - 3,198 15,702 Allocation of income 276 1,157 8,821 3,711 437 14,402 Deliberated dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders - - - - (3,500) (3,500) Treasury shares cancellation - - (6,616) - - (6,616) Tranfer of reserves - 3 (3) - - - Translation adjustment 165 173 249 (133) 302 756 Balance as of December 31, 2022 2,964 4,416 9,349 3,578 437 20,744 Allocation of income - 891 984 - 2,364 4,239 Deliberated dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders - - - - (437) (437) Treasury shares cancellation - - (4,164) - - (4,164) Translation adjustment 230 383 604 278 - 1,495 Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,194 5,690 6,773 3,856 2,364 21,877 Legal reserve - Tax incentive reserve - Statutory reserve - Retained earnings reserve – Additional remuneration reserve - Accounting policy Stockholders' equity Share capital and treasury shares - The Company holds shares in treasury for a future sale, cancellation or for the payment of the executives' long-term compensation programs. These shares are recognized in a specific account as a reduction of equity to the acquisition value and maintained at the cost of the transaction. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are recognized in equity as a deduction from the amount raised, net of taxes. Stockholders' equity Shareholder’s remuneration - The shareholder’s remuneration is paid on dividends and interest on capital. This remuneration is recognized as a liability in the financial statements of the Company based on by-laws. Any amount above the minimum mandatory remuneration approved by the by-laws shall only be recognized in current liabilities on the date that is approved by shareholders. The Company is permitted to distribute interest attributable to equity. The calculation is based on the equity amounts as stated in the statutory accounting records and the interest rate applied may not exceed the Brazilian Government Long-term Interest Rate (“TJLP”) determined by the Central Bank of Brazil. Also, such interest may not exceed 50% of the net income for the year or 50% of retained earnings plus profit reserves as determined by Brazilian corporate law. The benefit to the Company, as opposed to making a dividend payment, is a reduction in the income tax burden because this interest charge is tax deductible in Brazil. Income tax of 15% is withheld on behalf of the shareholders relative to the interest distribution. Under Brazilian law, interest attributed to equity is considered as part of the annual minimum mandatory dividend. This notional interest distribution is treated for accounting purposes as a deduction from equity in a manner similar to a dividend and the tax deductibility recorded in the income statement.

Related parties

Related parties	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Related parties	Related parties The Company’s related parties are subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates, shareholders and its related entities and key management personnel of the Company. Related party transactions were made by the Company on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm´s-length transactions, with respect to price and market conditions that are no less favorable to the Company than those arranged with third parties. Net operating revenue relates to sale of iron ore to the steelmakers and right to use capacity on railroads. Cost and operating expenses mostly relates to the variable lease payments of the pelletizing plants. Purchases, accounts receivable and other assets, and accounts payable and other liabilities relate largely to amounts charged by joint ventures and associates related to the pelletizing plants operational lease and railway transportation services. a) Transactions with related parties Schedule of transactions with related parties Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net operating revenue Cost and operating expenses Financial result Net operating revenue Cost and operating expenses Financial result Net operating revenue Cost and operating expenses Financial result Joint Ventures Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 93 - - 434 - (3) 640 - 3 Aliança Geração de Energia S.A. - (126) - - (121) - 5 (105) - Pelletizing companies (i) - (227) (38) - (337) (34) - (349) (15) MRS Logística S.A. - (453) - 1 (397) - - (279) - Norte Energia S.A. - (107) - - (135) - - (114) - Other 32 (10) 1 41 (8) - - (10) (1) 125 (923) (37) 476 (998) (37) 645 (857) (13) Associates VLI 321 (29) (3) 289 (26) (3) 255 (21) (2) Other - (1) - 1 - - 1 - - 321 (30) (3) 290 (26) (3) 256 (21) (2) Shareholders Cosan 10 (11) - - - - - - - Bradesco - - 201 - - 381 - - (528) Banco do Brasil - - - - - 3 - - 13 Mitsui 280 - - 416 - - 261 - - 290 (11) 201 416 - 384 261 - (515) Total of continuing operations 736 (964) 161 1,182 (1,024) 344 1,162 (878) (530) Discontinued operation - Coal - - - - - - - (95) 15 Total 736 (964) 161 1,182 (1,024) 344 1,162 (973) (515) (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização. b) Outstanding balances with related parties Schedule of outstanding balances with related parties Assets December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Dividends receivable and other assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Dividends receivable and other assets Joint Ventures Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém - - - - 91 17 Pelletizing companies (i) - - 27 - - 25 MRS Logística S.A. - 16 34 - - 25 Other - 4 43 - 4 50 - 20 104 - 95 117 Associates VLI - 46 - - 14 - Other - 1 2 - - 1 - 47 2 - 14 1 Shareholders Cosan - 1 - - - - Bradesco 176 - 313 335 - 154 Banco do Brasil 58 - - 30 - - Mitsui - 5 - - 89 - 234 6 313 365 89 154 Pension plan - 16 - - 13 - Total 234 89 419 365 211 272 (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização. Liabilities December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Supplier and contractors Financial instruments and other liabilities Supplier and contractors Financial instruments and other liabilities Joint Ventures Pelletizing companies (i) 51 290 63 400 MRS Logística S.A. 48 - 57 - Other 39 - 31 - 138 290 151 400 Associates VLI 1 59 5 53 Other 4 - 3 - 5 59 8 53 Shareholders Cosan 1 - - - Bradesco - 23 - 75 Mitsui 1 1 23 1 75 Pension plan 14 - 11 - Total 158 372 171 528 (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização. c) Key management personnel compensation Schedule of remuneration of key management personnel Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Short-term benefits Wages 11 10 9 Direct and indirect benefits 1 2 1 Profit sharing program (“PLR”) 11 12 10 Total short- term benefits 23 24 20 Long-term benefits Shares based 14 18 12 Severance 2 2 1 Total short and long-term benefits 39 44 33

Commitments and guarantees gran

Commitments and guarantees granted	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Commitments and guarantees granted	Commitments and guarantees granted a) Commitments Schedule of commitments December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Purchase of raw materials and services 5,361 6,534 Purchase of energy 2,316 2,605 Total 7,677 9,139 Commitments arise mainly from contracts for the acquisition of fuel and power and the purchase of raw materials and services. They represent the minimum required and non-cancelable payments related to contractual obligations. b) Guarantee Schedule of guarantee December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Guarantee Restricted cash Liability (i) Guarantee Restricted cash Liability (i) Associates and joint ventures 274 - - 1,522 - 103 Assets retirement obligations 910 - - 644 73 - 1,184 - - 2,166 73 103 (i) The fair value of these financial guarantees is recorded as “Other financial liabilities” (note 14). Guarantees for associates and joint ventures - 481 312 Guarantees related to asset retirement obligations - Fixed assets given as guarantee for loans and financing - Accounting policy Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”) - The Company holds PPAs that were entered into and continue to be held for own use. As such, these contracts fall outside the scope of IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments. These PPAs are accounted for as executory contracts and are recorded as energy is received.

Basis of preparation of finan_2

Basis of preparation of financial statements (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
New accounting standards and amendments	a) New accounting standards and amendments Amendments to IAS 12 - OECD Pillar Two Rules In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) released the Pillar Two model rules to reform international corporate taxation. Multinational economic groups within the scope of these rules are required to calculate their effective tax rate in each country where they operate, the “GloBE effective tax rate”. When the effective GloBE rate of any entity in the economic group, aggregated by jurisdiction where the group operates, is lower than the minimum rate defined at 15%, the multinational group must pay a supplementary amount of tax on profit, referring to the difference between its rate effective GloBE and the minimum tax rate. In May 2023, the IASB made amendments to IAS 12 - Income Taxes, which provide a temporary relief from the requirement to recognize and disclose deferred taxes arising from enacted or substantively enacted tax law that implements the Pillar Two model rules. For the Company, Pillar Two rules will be adopted from 2024 in the Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Japan and Luxembourg. The Company has applied the temporary relief from the requirement to recognize and disclose deferred taxes related to Pillar Two effects and, therefore, there was no impact in these financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company is still assessing the impacts it may have on current income tax expenses for future reporting periods however, the Company currently does not expect any material impacts in its financial statements from the Pillar Two rules. Amendments to IAS 12 – Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction The change is effective for annual years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, and requires the recognition of a deferred tax asset and a deferred tax liability when a single transaction generates taxable and deductible temporary differences at the same time. The adoption of the amendment did not result in any impact in the Company’s financial position nor in the income statement. However, the Company started presenting separately both deferred tax asset and the deferred tax liability arising from decommissioning of assets, environmental obligations, and leasing as presented in note 8(b). Other recently issued or amended accounting standards Certain other new accounting standards, amendments and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for December 31, 2023, reporting periods or have not materially impacted these financial statements. The Company did not early adopt any of these standards and does not expect them to have a material impact in future reporting periods.
Principles of Consolidation	b) Principles of Consolidation The Company's financial projections reflect the assets, liabilities and transactions of the Parent Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries (“subsidiaries”). Intercompany balances and transactions, which include unrealized profits, are eliminated. A list of the
Functional currency and presentation currency	c) Functional currency and presentation currency The financial statements of the Company and its associates and joint ventures are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which each entity operates (“functional currency”), in the case of the Parent Company it is the Brazilian real (“R$”). For presentation purposes, these financial statements are presented in United States dollars (“US$”) as the Company believes that this is how international investors analyze the financial statements. The income statement and cash flows statements of the Parent Company and its investees which have a functional currency other than US$ are translated into US$ at the average monthly exchange rate, the assets and liabilities are translated at the final rate and the other equity items are translated at the historical rate. All monetary exchange differences are recognized in comprehensive income as “Translation adjustments”. When a foreign operation is totally or partially disposed, the monetary exchange differences that were recorded in the equity are recognized in the income statement for the year, see accounting policy in note 15 of these financial statements. The main exchange rates used by the Company to translate its foreign operations are as follows: Schedule of exchange rates used to translate its foreign operations Closing rate Average rate 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 US Dollar ("US$") 4.8413 5.2177 5.5805 4.9954 5.1655 5.3956 Canadian dollar ("CAD") 3.6522 3.8550 4.3882 3.7026 3.9705 4.3042 Euro ("EUR") 5.3516 5.5694 6.3210 5.4023 5.4420 6.3784
Critical accounting estimates and judgments	d) Critical accounting estimates and judgments The preparation of financial statements requires the use of critical accounting estimates and Management also needs to exercise judgement in applying the Company’s accounting policies. The Company makes estimates about the future based on assumptions. Accounting estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on management's experience and knowledge, information available at the date of the financial statements and other factors, including expectations of future events that are considered reasonable under the circumstances. Accounting estimates, by definition, will seldom equal the actual results. The areas involving significant estimates or judgements or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions are presented in the following notes: Note Significant estimates and judgments 7 Streaming transactions 8 Deferred income taxes and uncertain tax positions 15 Consolidation 18 Mineral reserves and mines useful life 19 Impairment of non-current assets 20 Fair values estimate 25 Liabilities related to Brumadinho 26 Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures 27 Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations 28 Litigation 29 Employee post-retirement obligation
Material accounting policies	e) Material accounting policies The material accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements have been included in the respective notes and are consistent in all years presented.
Financial information related to sustainability	f) Financial information related to sustainability The Company intends to integrate sustainability into its business through a comprehensive approach, based on systematic planning and execution, prioritizing risk and impact management as well as establishing a social, economic and environmental legacy. The investments announced by the Company’s and its strategy for sustainability initiatives were assessed in the context of the Company's critical accounting judgments and key estimates. Future changes in this strategy or in the global scenario may affect the Company's main estimates and may result in material impacts on the income statement and on assets and liabilities of the Company in future reporting periods. Strategy Impact on Financial Statements Reduction of greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions by increasing the energy efficiency of processes and development of solutions based on the substitution of fossil energy sources with renewable or lower emission intensity alternatives - Investing in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures - Expenses along the value chain to support decarbonization - Impairment of assets Investment in renewable energy sources to reduce GHG emisions - Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) - Property, plant, and equipment - Expenses along the value chain to support decarbonization Limited use of high-integrity carbon credits to eventually meet the Scope 3 GHG emissions reduction target - Intangible - Expense of carbon credit - Investing in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures Community safety - Liabilities related to Brumadinho - Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations - Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures Support for small suppliers - Suppliers and contractors Compensation programs aligned with Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) linked business strategy - Employee benefits The main actions taken or announced to date, which have already resulted or will result in a direct impact on the Company's financial statements are described below. Other initiatives are detailed in the Integrated Report, made available at the Company's website, which were not incorporated by reference. Environmental pillar Climate changes In a global context where extreme climate events are becoming more frequent and the average global temperature exceeds historical averages (according to the World Meteorological Organization - WMO), the mapping of these risks and their effects, as well as mitigation actions, becomes crucial for analyzing the Company's strategies. Similarly, governments and regulatory authorities are advancing and tightening their policies. The Company intends to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its operations, in line with the Paris Agreement objective of limiting global warming to well below 2°C (3.6 °F). The Company's strategy considers as main objectives: · 33% reduction in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2030 (based on the emissions from the year 2017) and 100% of electricity consumption from renewable sources by 2030 globally; · Net zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2050; and · 15% net reduction by 2035 of indirect emissions in the value chain by 2035, aligned with the scenario of limiting global warming to 2°C. Decarbonization plan The Company has a plan to meet the target for reducing Scopes 1 and 2 and expects to invest an amount ranging from US$ 4 6 To increase renewable energy sources, in November 2022, the Company announced the operational start-up of the Sol do Cerrado solar project. In July 2023, the Company received the last authorization needed from the National Electric Energy Agency ("ANEEL") for the operation. As of December 31, 2023, the Property, plant, and equipment of Sol do Cerrado was US$ 590 3 The Company also has Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”) with renewable energy suppliers, reducing its Scope 2 emissions. These supply contracts were entered into and continue to be held to own use and, therefore, it falls outside the scope of IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments. The PPAs are accounted for as executory contracts and the expenses are recorded as incurred. Additionally, Vale has assessed its decarbonization goals considering the criteria for provision in accordance with IAS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, and Contingent Assets and it did not record any provision since these commitments are not deemed a legal nor constructive obligation. Carbon pricing All investment decisions are subjected to analysis, considering the internal carbon price per ton of CO2 equivalent. Vale adopts an internal price of US$50/tCO2e, established in accordance with the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition ("CPLC"). The internal carbon price is used in the decision-making process for resource allocation in the Company's current and capital projects. Incorporating a cost for GHG in the feasibility analysis provides a clear demonstration of how these emissions can influence the evaluation of a project during the decision-making process. By assigning a direct financial consequence to emissions, portfolio projects can be assessed more holistically, considering the environmental impact alongside more traditional financial metrics. This practice, in addition to promoting investments in GHG reduction, also positions the Company for a scenario with more stringent regulations. Aiming to incentivize the voluntary carbon market, Vale and the Algar Group signed an agreement for the purchase of high-integrity forest carbon credits until 2030. The agreement stipulated Vale's purchase of approximately 133.000 credits, equivalent to the protection of approximately 50.000 hectares of forest this year. Each carbon credit corresponds to one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent that was not emitted into the atmosphere, in the case of this forest protection project. For each transaction, Vale assesses the business model concerning carbon credits for subsequent classification, recognition, and measurement of its asset. Carbon credits will be recorded as intangible assets and measured at cost in accordance with IAS 38 – Intangible assets. Carbon credits acquired for resale will be recorded as inventories and measured at fair value less costs to sell according to IAS 2 - Inventories. The Company also analyses whether there are embedded derivatives in the sale and purchase contracts of carbon credits as required by IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded expenses of US$ 4 Impact of transition risks related to climate changes on asset carrying values During the development of its strategic plan, the Company assesses scenarios related to climate change and establishes the baseline to guide its business positioning, as well as to test resilience against other exploratory scenarios. The Company's approach to climate change is shaped by an analysis of global megatrends through a scenario-building tool. These scenarios not only provide insights into the future of mining but also influence commodity price forecasts, capital allocation, portfolio decisions, business strategies, and can be associated with the increase in global temperature. In this context, the Company observes the persistence of the typical cycles in the mining industry over the coming decades, driven by an energy transition that unfolds asynchronously and unevenly across different sectors and regions. Vale conducted an analysis of the resilience of its product portfolio in the face of climate change scenarios, based on the International Energy Agency's scenarios. The potential financial impacts on the Company of climate change and the transition to a low carbon economy have been considered in the assessment of the Company’s critical accounting estimates, which includes indicators of impairment, such as demand for the Company’s commodities decreasing, due to policy, regulatory (including carbon pricing mechanisms), legal, technological, market or reputational responses to climate change. The impairment test undertaken by the Company for these financial statements did not result in any asset impairment due to this matter. However, given the complexity of modeling, identification of additional risks, and the planning and execution of actions in response to identified risks, transition risks may result in material impacts on the Company's financial statements in future reporting periods. Physical risk impacts related to climate changes on asset carrying values The Company's operations are exposed to events related to climate change. Therefore, the Company assessed the potential impacts of physical risks related to climate change on the models used for the impairment testing of the assets, such as operational disruptions caused by increased frequency or severity of extreme weather events, and those related to chronic risks resulting from longer-term changes in climate patterns. The Company did not identify any impairment indicators for assets in these financial statements due to the physical risks considered in the assessment. However, given the complexity of physical risk modeling and the ongoing nature of the Company's physical risk assessment process, the identification of additional risks or detailed development of the response to identified risks may result in material impacts on the Company's financial statements in future reporting periods. Social pillar Sustainable mining · In March 2023, the Company started operations at the Gelado Project, which will produce pellet feed from the reutilization of tailings dam deposited at the site for almost four decades. As of December 31, 2023, the Company invested US$ 50 65 · In June 2022, the Company announced the creation of an operation of Corporate Venture Capital (“Vale Ventures”), the objective is to invest approximately US$ 100 In 2023, Vale Ventures invested US$ 19 Also in 2023, Vale Ventures invested US$ 3 · The Company performs the filtration of tailings with its treatment for solid-state stacking, reducing or eliminating disposal in tailings dams. Tailings filtration plants began to be installed by Vale in 2019, with investments in dry stacking and processing systems totaling US$ 144 305 · The implementation and execution of future use projects, after the decommissioning, is not required by law. However, the Company has been studying a governance to assess the future use, considering its aptitudes, post-operational usage intention, socio-economic development of the community and the characteristics of the physical and biotic environments in which Vale operates. Any future commitments, if assumed by Vale, may result in material impact on the amount of the asset retirement obligation provision. · In October 2022, the Company established the company Co-log Logística de Coprodutos S.A ("Agera") to develop and expand the Sustainable Sand business. Agera receives sand produced from the treatment of tailings generated by Vale's iron ore operations and promotes its commercialization and distribution. The new company also invests in research and development of new solutions for the product. The Company disbursed US$ 1 Communities · In 2023, the Company entered into a Cooperation and Commitment Agreement with the Krenak indigenous community to support initiatives focused on ethnodevelopment and education. In 2023, the Company disbursed US$ 5 · In 2023, Vale continued the implementation of the Environmental Basic Plan with the indigenous communities Tupiniquim and Guarani, which includes initiatives for institutional and cultural strengthening, ethnodevelopment, and management. Examples include conducting project management courses, entrepreneurship workshops, biofertilizer production, coffee cultivation, tourism management, among other actions. In 2023, the Company disbursed US$ 2 · Three indigenous communities neighboring Vale's operations in have signed agreements for the development of their consultation protocols, or territorial and environmental management plans, or life plans: Kayapó in Pará, Ka’apor, and Guajajara from the Caru Indigenous Land in Maranhão, in line with the Company's Social Ambition. The Company disbursed US$ 7 · To contribute with its suppliers’ development, the Company has created a website with financial institutions aiming to enable small and medium suppliers to anticipate their receivables with better interest rates. As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balances related to these suppliers were US$ 221 202 Governance pillar The Company intends to align compensation programs with the business strategy and to the objective of making Vale a safer company. Since 2020, the Company has been following new standards for executive compensation. For short-term compensation, at least 30% of performance targets are driven by ESG metrics and directly related to safety, risk management and sustainability goals, and for long-term compensation target is at least 25% of targets performance should be based on ESG metrics and health and safety (note 29).

Information by business segme_2

Information by business segment and geographic area (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Revenue	Revenue A substantial portion of Vale's sales operates under Cost and Freight ("CFR") and Cost, Insurance, and Freight ("CIF") Incoterms. In these instances, where the Company provides shipping services after the transfer of control, such services are treated as a distinct performance obligation. A portion of the transaction price is allocated and recognized over time as the shipping services are rendered. Typically, contract payment terms involve upfront payments or the utilization of letters of credit. These terms generally do not have a significant financing component. Occasionally, sale prices are provisionally set at the sale date, with subsequent adjustments based on market fluctuations or contractual terms until the final pricing date. Revenue recognition is based on the estimated fair value of the total consideration receivable. The provisional pricing mechanism embedded in these sales arrangements is deemed to have the characteristics of a derivative. Consequently, the fair value of the final sale price adjustment is continuously reassessed, and any changes are recognized as operational revenue in the income statement.

Financial results (Policies)

Financial results (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate effective on the date of the transaction	Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate effective on the date of the transaction The accounting policies related to the other items of the financial result are shown in the notes, “15. Investments in associates and joint ventures”, “22. Participative shareholders’ debentures”, “23. Loans, borrowing, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments” and “24. Leases”.

Streaming transactions (Policie

Streaming transactions (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Streaming Transactions
The Company bifurcates both streaming transactions	The Company bifurcates both streaming transactions Sale of mineral rights - Extraction services - Contract liability is initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and is subsequently carried at amortized cost and updated using the effective interest rate method. Contract liability is released to the income statement based on the units of production, that is, revenue is calculated based on volume produced compared to the total proved and probable reserves of gold or cobalt, which are reviewed and remeasured annually. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Defining the result on sale of mineral interest and the contractual liabilities portion of the streaming transaction it is required the use of critical accounting estimates including, but not limited to: (i) allocation of costs between the product and the by-product based on relative prices; (ii) expected margin for the independent components (sale of mineral rights and service for gold and cobalt extraction); and (iii) discount rates used to measure the present value of future inflows and outflows.

Taxes (Policies)

Taxes (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Taxes	The Brazilian corporate tax law requires the taxation of income generated by foreign subsidiaries, and as a result, the income tax charge is computed using the tax rate enacted at the end of the reporting period in Brazil. The impact of the income tax calculation in the consolidated financial statements is determined by applying the differential between the Brazilian income tax rate and the local income tax rate of each jurisdiction where the Company's subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Taxes Management regularly assesses positions taken in tax returns concerning situations where applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. Provisions are recorded, as needed, based on expected amounts payable to tax authorities. Liabilities related to uncertain tax positions are recorded only when it is deemed, with a more-likely-than-not probability, that these positions will not withstand challenges, if any, from taxing authorities, based on input from internal and external legal advisors. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the carrying amount and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as tax losses carryforwards. However, deferred tax liabilities arising from the initial recognition of goodwill are not recognized. Additionally, deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction unrelated to a business combination that, at the time of the transaction, has no impact on accounting or taxable profit or loss. Offset of deferred tax assets and liabilities occurs when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities, and when the deferred tax balances pertain to the same taxation authority. Deferred tax assets resulting from tax losses and temporary differences are not recognized when it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available against which these differences and/or tax losses can be utilized. Current and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss unless it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In such cases, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Deferred income tax - Uncertain tax positions -

Accounts receivable (Policies)

Accounts receivable (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Accounts receivable	Accounts receivable The Company applies the IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments simplified approach for measuring expected credit losses. This approach utilizes a lifetime expected loss allowance for all accounts receivable. A provision matrix, established by the Company, forms the basis for this measurement. The matrix incorporates historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the economic environment, and considers any financial guarantees associated with these accounts receivables.

Inventories (Policies)

Inventories (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Inventories	Inventories

Suppliers and contractors (Poli

Suppliers and contractors (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
The Company assesses whether the payment term extension arrangement substantially modifies the original liability based on qualitative and quantitative aspects	The Company assesses whether the payment term extension arrangement substantially modifies the original liability based on qualitative and quantitative aspects

Other financial assets and li_2

Other financial assets and liabilities (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Financial Assets And Liabilities
Concessions	Concessions Grant payments are discounted using the regulatory weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), which is the interest rate explicit in the concession agreement as determined by the ANTT, and payments related to other investment obligations are discounted at an incremental rate to reflect the time value of money, that is, a risk-free interest rate applicable to the economic environment in which the Company operates and with terms and conditions equivalent to the obligations assumed. The amounts payable in relation to the concession granted accounted for as intangible in accordance with the accounting policy, disclosed in note 17.

Investments in associates and_2

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments In Associates And Joint Ventures
Subsidiaries	Subsidiaries
Transactions with noncontrolling interests	Transactions with noncontrolling interests
Loss of control	Loss of control
Investments in associates and joint arrangements	Investments in associates and joint arrangements Joint arrangements are all entities over which the Company shares control with one or more parties. The classification of joint arrangement investments as joint operations or joint ventures depends on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor. Joint operations are recorded in the financial statements to represent the Company’s contractual rights and obligations. Accordingly, assets, liabilities, income and expenses related to the joint operation are individually recorded in the financial statements. Interests in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, recognized initially at cost. The Company's investment in joint ventures includes identified goodwill from the acquisition, net of any impairment loss. The Company's interest in joint venture profits or losses is recognized in the income statement, and participation in changes in reserves is reflected in the Company's reserves. If the Company's interest in the losses of an associate or joint venture equals or exceeds the carrying amount of the investment, including any other receivables, additional losses are not recognized unless obligations or payments have been made on behalf of the joint venture. In addition, the financial information used for associates and joint ventures to account for their impact in these financial statements may diverge from the stand-alone financial statements of those entities due to adjustments to Vale's accounting policy and variations in reporting periods.
Cumulative translation adjustments	Cumulative translation adjustments In alignment with its accounting policy, the Company has chosen to treat a capital reduction in an investment in a foreign operation under the absolute value approach as described in (ii) above. Consequently, the exchange differences initially recorded in equity are reclassified to the income statement in the same proportion as the reduction in the net investment held in the foreign operation.
Critical accounting estimates and judgments	Critical accounting estimates and judgments In certain scenarios, judgment is necessary to determine whether, after considering all relevant factors, the Company exercises control, joint control, or significant influence over an entity. Significant influence includes situations involving collective control. The Company holds the majority of the voting capital in five joint arrangements (Aliança Geração de Energia S.A., Aliança Norte Energia Participações S.A., Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização, and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização). However, management has concluded that the Company lacks a sufficiently dominant voting interest to direct the activities of these entities. Consequently, these entities are accounted for using the equity method due to shareholder agreements where relevant decisions are shared with other parties. Vale and Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd. ("SMM") jointly own a 44.3% and 15% equity interest in PT Vale Indonesia Tbk ("PTVI"), resulting in a total 59.3% interest in PTVI. Vale and SMM have a Shareholders' Agreement ("Block voting agreement"), stipulating that SMM will adhere to Vale's guidelines in decision-making on financial and operational matters crucial to PTVI's management. Consequently, the Company consolidates PTVI in its financial statements.

Acquisitions and divestitures (

Acquisitions and divestitures (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquisitions And Divestitures
Business combinations	Business combinations Identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with limited exceptions, initially measured at their fair values on the acquisition date. The Company recognizes any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, either at fair value or at the noncontrolling interest’s proportionate share of the acquired entity’s net identifiable assets.
Discontinued operations	Discontinued operations The results of discontinued operations are presented in a single amount in the income statement, including the post-tax results of these operations, net of any impairment loss. Cash flows related to operating, investing, and financing activities of discontinued operations are disclosed in a separate note. Upon classifying an operation as discontinued, the income statements for prior periods are restated as if the operation had been discontinued since the beginning of the comparative period. Any noncontrolling interest associated with a group disposal held for sale is presented in equity and is not reclassified in the statement of financial position.

Intangibles (Policies)

Intangibles (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Intangibles	Intangibles The estimated useful lives are as follows: Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangibles Useful life Railway concessions 5 37 Research and development project 19 Software 5

Property, plant, and equipment

Property, plant, and equipment (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Property, plant, and equipment	Property, plant, and equipment Mineral properties developed internally are determined by (i) direct and indirect costs attributed to build the mining facilities, (ii) financial charges incurred during the construction period, (iii) depreciation of other fixed assets used during construction, (iv) estimated decommissioning and site restoration expenses, and (v) other capitalized expenditures during the development phase (phase when the project demonstrates its economic benefit to the Company, and the Company has ability and intention to complete the project). The depletion of mineral properties is determined based on the ratio between production and total proven and probable mineral reserves. Property, plant and equipment, other than mineral properties are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives, from the date on which the assets become available for their intended use and are capitalized, except for land which is not depreciated. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Schedule of estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment Useful life Buildings 3 50 Facilities 3 50 Equipment 3 40 Wagons 30 45 Railway equipment 5 37 Vessels 20 25 Other 2 50 The residual values and useful lives of assets are reviewed each reporting period and adjusted if necessary. Expenditures and stripping costs
Research and development expenditures	(i) Research and development expenditures
Expenditures on feasibility studies, new technologies and others research	(ii) Expenditures on feasibility studies, new technologies and others research
Maintenance costs	(iii) Maintenance costs
Stripping Costs	(iv) Stripping Costs Post-production stripping costs are included in the cost of inventory, except when a new project is developed to permit access to a significant ore deposit. In such cases, the cost is capitalized as a non-current asset and is amortized during the extraction of the ore deposits, over the useful life of the ore deposits. Critical accounting estimates and judgments
Mineral reserves	Mineral reserves The estimated volume of mineral reserves is used as basis for the calculation of depletion of the mineral properties, and also for the estimated useful life which is a major factor to quantify the provision for asset retirement obligation, environmental recovery of mines and impairment of long-lived asset. Any changes to the estimates of the volume of mine reserves and the useful lives of assets may have a significant impact on the depreciation, depletion and amortization charges and assessments of impairment.

Impairment reversal (impairme_2

Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Description of accounting policy for impairment of non-financial assets [text block]	Impairment of non-financial assets FVLCD is generally determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset from a market participant’s perspective, including any expansion prospects. VIU model is determined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continued use of the asset in its present form. Value in use is determined by applying assumptions specific to the Company’s continued use and cannot take into account future development. These assumptions are different to those used in calculating fair value and consequently the VIU calculation is likely to give a different result to a FVLCD calculation. Assets that have an indefinite useful life and are not subject to amortization, such as goodwill, are tested annually for impairment. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (CGU). Goodwill is allocated to Cash Generating Units or Cash Generating Units groups that are expected to benefit from the business combinations in which the goodwill arose and are identified in accordance with the operating segment. Non-current assets (excluding goodwill) in which the Company recognized impairment in the past are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the impairment may no longer be applicable. In such cases, an impairment reversal will be recognized. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Significant judgements, estimates and assumptions are required to determine whether an impairment trigger has occurred and to prepare the Company’s cash flows. Management uses the budgets approved as a starting point and key assumptions are, but not limited to: (i) mineral reserves and mineral resources measured by internal experts; (ii) costs and investments based on the best estimate of projects as supported by past performance; (iii) sale prices consistent with projections available in reports published by industry considering the market price when appropriate; (iv) the useful life of each cash-generating unit (ratio between production and mineral reserves); and (v) discount rates that reflect specific risks relating to the relevant assets in each cash-generating unit. These assumptions are susceptible to risks and uncertainties and may change the Company’s projection and, therefore, may affect the recoverable value of assets.

Financial and capital risk ma_2

Financial and capital risk management (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
hedge accounting	The Company uses financial instruments to hedge its exposure to certain market risks arising from operational, financing and investing activities. Derivatives are included within financial assets or liabilities at fair value through profit or loss unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments ( hedge accounting At the beginning of the hedge operations, the Company documents the type of hedge, the relation between the hedging instrument and hedged items, its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge operations. The Company also documents, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis that the hedge is expected to continue to be highly effective. The Company has elected to adopt the new general hedge accounting model in IFRS 9 and designates certain derivatives as either:
Cash flow hedge	Cash flow hedge The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in equity within "Unrealized fair value gain (losses)". The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the income statement. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized in profit or loss when the transaction is recognized in the income statement.
Net investment hedge	Net investment hedge Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash flow hedges. Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge is recognized in equity within "Cumulative translation adjustments". The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the income statement. Gains and losses accumulated in equity are included in the statement of income when the foreign operation is partially or fully disposed of or sold.
Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss	Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of any of these derivative instruments are recognized immediately in the income statement. Critical accounting estimates and judgments The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in active markets are determined using valuation techniques. Vale uses its own judgment to choose between the various methods. Assumptions are based on the market conditions, at the end of the year. An analysis of the impact if actual results are different from management's estimates is present under “Sensitivity analysis of derivative financial instruments”.

Financial assets and liabilit_2

Financial assets and liabilities (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Financial instruments	Classification and measurement - Financial instruments Investments in equity instruments are measured at FVTPL unless they are eligible to be measured at FVOCI, whose gains and losses are never recycled to profit or loss. All financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred and are subsequently carried at amortized cost and updated using the effective interest rate method. Excepts for Participative shareholders’ debentures and Derivative financial instruments that are measured at FVTPL. Fair value hierarchy - Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (e.g. derivatives and publicly traded shares) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the financial statements period. Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (e.g. over the counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable market data. If all significant data required for the fair value of an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. Level 3: If one or more of the significant data are not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. The fair value of derivatives classified as level 3 is estimated using discounted cash flows and option valuation models with unobservable inputs of discount rates, stock prices and commodity prices.

Participative shareholders_ d_2

Participative shareholders’ debentures (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Participative Shareholders Debentures
The participative shareholders’ debentures	The participative shareholders’ debentures

Loans, borrowings, cash and c_2

Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Loans and borrowings	Loans and borrowings Loans and borrowing costs are capitalized as part of property, plants and equipment if those costs are directly related to a qualified asset. The capitalization occurs until the qualified asset is ready for its intended use. Interest on loans and borrowing not capitalized is recognized in profit or loss for the year when incurred.

Leases (Policies)

Leases (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Leases Abstract
Leases	The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the lease term or the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset. Leases The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with less than 12 months of lease term and/or leases of low-value assets. The payments associated to these leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise: (i) fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments; (ii) variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate; and (iii) the exercise price under a purchase option or renewal option that are under the Company’s control and is reasonably certain to be exercised. The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate. When the lease liability is remeasured, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

Brumadinho dam failure (Policie

Brumadinho dam failure (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
The provision for social, economic and environmental	The provision for social, economic and environmental Thus, the amounts actually incurred by the Company may differ from the amounts currently provisioned, due to the confirmation of the assumptions used and which depend on several factors, some of which are not under the Company's control. These changes could result in a material impact on the amount of the provision in future periods. At each presentation date of its financial statements, the Company will reassess the main assumptions used in the preparation of projected cash flows and will adjust the provision, when applicable.

Liabilities related to associ_2

Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Liabilities Related To Associates And Joint Ventures
Under Brazilian legislation and the terms of the joint venture agreement	Under Brazilian legislation and the terms of the joint venture agreement The provision related to the Samarco dam failure requires the use of assumptions and estimates, which may be materially impacted by: (i) the scope and cost of completing the programs under the Framework Agreement, including the ongoing legal actions in relation to the number of people eligible for compensation and the amount of damages to which they are entitled, (ii) the terms of any potential future settlement agreement in respect of the Federal Public Prosecution Office Claim, including potential amounts payable, obligations of the parties to perform ongoing programs of the Framework Agreement, and the period of time over which any settlement amounts may be payable, (iii) the extent to which Samarco is able to directly fund any future obligations relating to reparation and compensation measures as Samarco’s long-term cash flow generation depends on factors including its ability to return to full production capacity and commodity prices, (iv) resolution of existing and potential legal claims, and (v) updates of the discount rate. As a result, future expenditures may differ from the amounts currently provided and changes to key assumptions could result in a material impact to the amount of the provision in future reporting periods.

Provision for de-characteriza_2

Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Provision For De-characterization Of Dam Structures And Asset Retirement Obligations
De-characterization of dam structures	De-characterization of dam structures Therefore, future expenditures may differ from the amounts currently provided because the realized assumptions and various other factors are not always under the Company’s control. These changes to key assumptions could result in a material impact to the amount of the provision in future reporting periods. At each reporting period, the Company will reassess the key assumptions used in the preparation of the projected cash flows and will adjust the provision, if required. Asset retirement obligations - The long-term liability is discounted at presented value using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability and the unwinds are recorded in the income statement and is reduced by payments for mine closure and decommissioning of mining assets. The accrued amounts of these obligations are not deducted from the potential costs covered by insurance or indemnities. Judgment is required to determine key assumptions used on the asset retirement obligation measurement such as, interest rate, cost of closure, useful life of the mining asset considering the current conditions of closure and the projected date of depletion of each mine. Any changes in these assumptions may significantly impact the recorded provision. Therefore, the estimated costs for closure of the mining assets are deemed to be a critical accounting estimate and annually reviewed.

Legal proceedings (Policies)

Legal proceedings (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Legal proceedings	A provision is recognized when it is considered probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and can be reliably estimated. The liability is accounted against an expense in the income statement. This obligation is updated based on the developments of the judicial process or interest accretion and can be reversed if the expectation of loss is not considered probable due to changes in circumstances or when the obligation is settled. Legal proceedings Contingent assets are disclosed when the related economic benefits are probable and are only recognized in the financial statements in the period in which their realization is virtually certain. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Legal proceedings are contingent by nature, that is, it will be resolved when one or more future event occurs or fails to occur. Typically, the occurrence or not of such events is outside of the Company’s control. Legal uncertainties involve the application of significant estimates and judgments by management regarding the potential outcomes of future events.

Employee benefits (Policies)

Employee benefits (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Employee Benefits
Employee benefits	Employee benefits i. Current benefits – wages, vacations and related taxes Payments of benefits such as wages or accrued vacation, as well the related social security taxes over those benefits are recognized monthly in income, on an accrual basis. ii. Current benefits – profit sharing program The Company has the Annual Incentive Program (AIP) based on Team and business unit’s contribution and Company-wide performance through operational cash generation. The Company makes an accrual based on evaluation periodic of goals achieved and Company result, using the accrual basis and recognition of present obligation arising from past events in the estimated outflow of resources in the future. The accrual is recorded as cost of goods sold and services rendered or operating expenses in accordance with the activity of each employee. iii. Non-current benefits – share-based payments The Company has established a procedure for awarding certain eligible executives (Matching and Performance Share Unit (“PSU”) Programs) with the goal of encouraging employee retention and optimum performance. Share-based long-term compensation programs are equity-settled, under which the Company receives employee services as consideration for equity instruments. The fair value of employee services received in exchange for the grant of options is recognized as an expense. The total amount of expenses is recognized during the period in which the right is acquired; period during which the specific vesting conditions are met. iv. Non-current benefits – pension costs and other post-retirement benefits The Company has several retirement plans for its employees. For defined contribution plans, the Company's obligations are limited to a monthly contribution linked to a pre-defined percentage of the remuneration of employees enrolled into these plans. For defined benefit plans, actuarial calculations are periodically obtained for liabilities determined in accordance with the Projected Unit Credit Method in order to estimate the Company’s obligation. The liability recognized in the statement of financial position represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as of that date, less the fair value of plan assets. The Company recognized in the income statement the costs of services, the interest expense of the obligations and the interest income of the plan assets. The remeasurement of gains and losses, return on plan assets (excluding the amount of interest on return of assets, which is recognized in income for the year) and changes in the effect of the ceiling of the active and onerous liabilities are recognized in comprehensive income for the year. For overfunded plans, the Company recognizes the net defined benefit assets limited to the present value of the economic benefits available as refunds or reductions in future contributions, considering minimum funding requirements applicable. For underfunded plans, the Company recognizes net defined benefit liabilities. The gain or loss on recognition/remeasurement of these net assets/liabilities are recognized in income statement or in comprehensive income, when arising from the actuarial valuation. Critical accounting estimates and judgments Post-retirement benefits for employees - At the end of each year the Company and external actuaries review the assumptions that will be used for the following year. These assumptions are used in determining the fair values of assets and liabilities, costs and expenses and the future values of estimated cash outflows, which are recorded in the plan obligations.

Equity (Policies)

Equity (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Equity Abstract
Stockholders' equity	Share capital and treasury shares - The Company holds shares in treasury for a future sale, cancellation or for the payment of the executives' long-term compensation programs. These shares are recognized in a specific account as a reduction of equity to the acquisition value and maintained at the cost of the transaction. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are recognized in equity as a deduction from the amount raised, net of taxes. Stockholders' equity Shareholder’s remuneration - The shareholder’s remuneration is paid on dividends and interest on capital. This remuneration is recognized as a liability in the financial statements of the Company based on by-laws. Any amount above the minimum mandatory remuneration approved by the by-laws shall only be recognized in current liabilities on the date that is approved by shareholders. The Company is permitted to distribute interest attributable to equity. The calculation is based on the equity amounts as stated in the statutory accounting records and the interest rate applied may not exceed the Brazilian Government Long-term Interest Rate (“TJLP”) determined by the Central Bank of Brazil. Also, such interest may not exceed 50% of the net income for the year or 50% of retained earnings plus profit reserves as determined by Brazilian corporate law. The benefit to the Company, as opposed to making a dividend payment, is a reduction in the income tax burden because this interest charge is tax deductible in Brazil. Income tax of 15% is withheld on behalf of the shareholders relative to the interest distribution. Under Brazilian law, interest attributed to equity is considered as part of the annual minimum mandatory dividend. This notional interest distribution is treated for accounting purposes as a deduction from equity in a manner similar to a dividend and the tax deductibility recorded in the income statement.

Basis of preparation of finan_3

Basis of preparation of financial statements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of exchange rates used to translate its foreign operations	Schedule of exchange rates used to translate its foreign operations Closing rate Average rate 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 US Dollar ("US$") 4.8413 5.2177 5.5805 4.9954 5.1655 5.3956 Canadian dollar ("CAD") 3.6522 3.8550 4.3882 3.7026 3.9705 4.3042 Euro ("EUR") 5.3516 5.5694 6.3210 5.4023 5.4420 6.3784

Information by business segme_3

Information by business segment and geographic area (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of adjusted EBITDA	Schedule of adjusted EBITDA Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Iron ore (i) 14,888 15,670 26,471 Iron ore pellets 3,122 3,653 4,873 Other ferrous products and services 117 120 136 Iron Ore Solutions 18,127 19,443 31,480 Nickel 851 1,924 1,576 Copper 1,100 569 1,617 Energy Transition Metals 1,951 2,493 3,193 Other (ii) (2,117) (2,176) (3,330) Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations 17,961 19,760 31,343 Depreciation, depletion and amortization (3,070) (3,171) (3,034) Impairment reversal (impairment) and results on disposal of non-current assets, net and other (ii) 16 and 19 (482) 773 (426) Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (iii) (204) (154) (190) Operating income 14,205 17,208 27,693 Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 15 (1,108) 305 (1,271) Financial results 6 (1,946) 2,268 3,119 Income before income taxes 11,151 19,781 29,541 (i) Includes the reclassification of the EBITDA of Midwestern System from the Iron Ore Solutions segment to “Other” in the amounts of US$77 and US$109 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. (ii) Includes adjustments of US$216 for the year ended December 31, 2023, to reflect the performance of the streaming transactions at market prices. (iii) In 2022, the Company received US$65 in dividends from California Steel Industries related to the sale transaction of this investment, which was treated as part of the result of the transaction (note 16h) and, therefore, this amount was not included in the adjusted EBITDA. Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations (coal) - 171 (189) Depreciation, depletion and amortization - - (69) Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net - (589) (3,282) Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures - - (78) Operating loss 16(l) - (418) (3,618) Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures - - (26) Financial results - 3,065 447 Derecognition of noncontrolling interest - (585) - Income (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations (coal) 16(l) - 2,062 (3,197)
Schedule of net operating revenue by shipment destination	Schedule of net operating revenue by shipment destination Year ended December 31, 2023 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Iron ore Iron ore pellets Other ferrous products and services Nickel and other products Copper Other Total China 20,641 2 - 642 292 - 21,577 Japan 2,356 279 1 583 - - 3,219 Asia, except Japan and China 2,111 407 10 513 267 - 3,308 Brazil 1,370 1,684 502 63 - 136 3,755 United States of America - 262 - 1,361 - - 1,623 Americas, except United States and Brazil 1 398 1 456 41 - 897 Germany 244 55 2 458 592 - 1,351 Europe, except Germany 1,037 374 - 1,082 1,184 - 3,677 Middle East, Africa, and Oceania - 2,342 - 35 - - 2,377 Net operating revenue 27,760 5,803 516 5,193 2,376 136 41,784 Year ended December 31, 2022 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Iron ore Iron ore pellets Other ferrous products and services Nickel and other products Copper Other Total China 20,545 41 7 1,538 72 - 22,203 Japan 2,557 208 - 765 5 - 3,535 Asia, except Japan and China 2,028 393 13 484 154 47 3,119 Brazil 1,305 1,997 447 60 - 328 4,137 United States of America - 218 - 1,425 - - 1,643 Americas, except United States and Brazil - 472 5 597 - 125 1,199 Germany 357 16 - 597 551 - 1,521 Europe, except Germany 1,396 317 - 1,126 997 - 3,836 Middle East, Africa, and Oceania - 2,594 - 27 - 25 2,646 Net operating revenue 28,188 6,256 472 6,619 1,779 525 43,839 Year ended December 31, 2021 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Iron ore (i) Iron ore pellets Other ferrous products and services Nickel and other products Copper Other Total China 27,296 159 55 904 189 - 28,603 Japan 3,489 488 - 514 32 - 4,523 Asia, except Japan and China 2,998 515 23 592 373 - 4,501 Brazil 1,778 2,417 425 55 - 489 5,164 United States of America 23 369 - 1,151 - - 1,543 Americas, except United States and Brazil 5 725 29 362 40 122 1,283 Germany 558 48 12 657 759 - 2,034 Europe, except Germany 2,175 194 4 1,126 1,197 - 4,696 Middle East, Africa, and Oceania 2 2,138 - 15 - - 2,155 Net operating revenue 38,324 7,053 548 5,376 2,590 611 54,502 (i) Includes the reclassification of the revenues of Midwestern System from the Iron Ore Solutions segment to “Other” in the amounts of US$231 and US$377 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Schedule of asset by segment	Schedule of asset by segment December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Other Total Iron Ore Solutions Energy Transition Metals Other Total Investments in associates and joint ventures 1,349 - 523 1,872 1,296 - 502 1,798 Property, plant and equipment and intangibles 38,376 18,341 3,310 60,027 33,048 19,655 2,473 55,176 Capital expenditures Sustaining capital (i) 2,539 1,610 120 4,269 2,236 1,521 102 3,859 Project execution 1,219 358 74 1,651 866 338 383 1,587 Product inventory 3,758 1,968 194 5,920 3,102 1,859 485 5,446 (i) According to the Company's shareholders remuneration policy, dividends are calculated based on 30% of the adjusted EBITDA less sustaining capital investments. The calculation also considered the investments made on the coal discontinued operation (note 16l), which was US$38 for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Schedule of assets by geographic area	Schedule of assets by geographic area December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Investments in associates and joint ventures Intangible Property, plant and equipment Total Investments in associates and joint ventures Intangible Property, plant and equipment Total Brazil 1,872 9,822 33,769 45,463 1,798 8,391 28,210 38,399 Canada - 1,808 11,890 13,698 - 1,845 11,178 13,023 Americas, except Brazil and Canada - - 4 4 - - 4 4 Indonesia (i) - - 59 59 - 1 2,731 2,732 China - 1 14 15 - 1 19 20 Asia, except Indonesia and China - - 731 731 - - 786 786 Europe - - 678 678 - - 747 747 Oman - - 1,251 1,251 - - 1,263 1,263 Total 1,872 11,631 48,396 61,899 1,798 10,238 44,938 56,974 (i) The reduction refers substantially to the reclassification of PTVI's assets presented in these financial statements as “held for sale” in accordance with IFRS 5 – Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

Costs and expenses by nature (T

Costs and expenses by nature (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Costs And Expenses By Nature
Schedule of cost of goods sold and services rendered	Schedule of cost of goods sold and services rendered Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Freight (i) 4,251 4,738 4,575 Services 4,131 3,614 2,878 Personnel 2,931 2,684 2,522 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 2,916 3,049 2,857 Materials 2,731 2,256 2,022 Acquisition of products 2,254 2,566 2,277 Fuel oil and gas 1,626 1,630 1,011 Royalties 1,286 1,268 1,370 Energy 781 719 639 Others 1,182 1,504 1,578 Total 24,089 24,028 21,729 (i) The reduction in freight costs in 2023 was mainly due to the decrease of the price of bunker fuel, which is included in the freight price.
Schedule of selling and administrative expenses	Schedule of selling and administrative expenses Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Personnel 243 230 217 Services 154 142 124 Depreciation and amortization 47 41 42 Advertisement 26 22 27 Other 83 80 71 Total 553 515 481
Schedule of other operating expenses, net	Schedule of other operating expenses, net Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Expenses related to Brumadinho event 25 930 1,079 851 Expenses related to de-characterization of dams 27(a) 153 72 1,725 Asset decommissioning obligations 27(b) 5 23 121 Provision for litigations 28(a) 229 153 98 Profit sharing program 147 131 126 Disposals of materials and inventories 74 46 5 COVID-19 expenses - - 44 Other (40) 218 6 Total 1,498 1,722 2,976

Financial results (Tables)

Financial results (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of financial result	Schedule of financial result Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Financial income Short-term investments 309 440 226 Other 123 80 111 Total financial income 432 520 337 Financial expenses Loans and borrowings gross interest 10(c) (744) (612) (671) Capitalized loans and borrowing costs 10(d) 19 47 59 Interest on REFIS (148) (152) (54) Interest on lease liabilities 24 (62) (64) (63) Bond premium repurchase 10(c) (22) (113) (63) Interest on accounts payable (203) (51) (45) Other (299) (234) (412) Total financial expenses (1,459) (1,179) (1,249) Other financial items, net Foreign exchange and indexation gains (losses), net (1,643) (975) 132 Participative shareholders' debentures (i) 22 (179) 659 (716) Financial guarantees (i) 32(b) - 481 312 Derivative financial instruments, net 20 903 1,154 (23) Reclassification of cumulative translation adjustments to the income statement 15(a) and 16 - 1,608 4,326 Total other financial expenses (919) 2,927 4,031 Total (1,946) 2,268 3,119 (i) Items reclassified in comparative to maintain consistency of disclosure.

Streaming transactions (Tables)

Streaming transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Streaming Transactions
Schedule of statement of financial position	Schedule of statement of financial position December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Total Gold streaming 68 1,521 1,589 53 1,184 1,237 Cobalt streaming 22 441 463 28 428 456 Total contract liabilities 90 1,962 2,052 81 1,612 1,693
Schedule of effects on the income statement	Schedule of effects on the income statement Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cobalt streaming 14 49 55 Gold streaming 134 37 43 Fixed revenue - Contract liabilities realized 148 86 98 Cobalt streaming 3 11 12 Gold streaming 93 74 82 Variable revenue - Additional payments received 96 85 94

Taxes (Tables)

Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of income tax reconciliation	Schedule of income tax reconciliation Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Income before income taxes 11,151 19,781 29,541 Income taxes at statutory rate (34%) (3,791) (6,726) (10,044) Adjustments that affect the taxes basis: Tax incentives 1,071 1,247 2,826 Income tax benefit from interest on capital 789 556 260 Equity results 88 84 167 Addition of tax loss carryforward 409 899 663 Reclassification of cumulative adjustments to the income statement - 547 1,471 Reversal of deferred income tax related to Renova Foundation 26(e) (1,078) - - Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures 26(c) (404) - - Other (130) 422 (40) Income taxes (3,046) (2,971) (4,697) Current tax (1,375) (2,020) (5,663) Deferred tax (1,671) (951) 966 Income taxes (3,046) (2,971) (4,697)
Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities	Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Taxes losses carryforward 5,704 5,908 - - Temporary differences: Asset retirement obligations and other liabilities (i) 4,165 4,875 (807) (714) Fair value of financial instruments 735 839 - - Employee post-retirement obligation 478 411 - - Provision for litigation 306 364 - - Fair value of property, plant and equipment in business combination - - (2,034) (2,205) Goodwill amortization - - (575) (518) Other 723 397 - - 12,111 12,794 (3,416) (3,437) Financial position Assets 9,565 10,770 - - Liabilities - - (870) (1,413) (i) Following the adoption of the amendment to IAS 12 – Deferred Taxes related to Assets and Liabilities Arising from a Single Transaction, the Company started disclosing separately the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities arising from the decommissioning of assets, environmental obligations, and leases, which resulted in an increase of US$807 in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Comparative information was restated to reflect the effects of the adoption, resulting in an increase of US$714 in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Therefore, there has been no impact on the deferred tax balances recorded in the Company's financial statements.
Schedule of changes in deferred tax assets and liability	Schedule of changes in deferred tax assets and liability Assets Liabilities Deferred taxes, net Balance as of December 31, 2021 11,441 1,881 9,560 Taxes losses carryforward (68) - (68) Provision for asset retirement obligations and other liabilities (488) 114 (602) Fair value of financial instruments (634) - (634) Allocated goodwill - (607) 607 Other (254) - (254) Effect in income statement (1,444) (493) (951) Employee post-retirement obligation (116) - (116) Fair value of financial instruments 73 - 73 Other comprehensive income (43) - (43) Transfer between assets and liabilities 130 130 - Translation adjustment 686 (77) 763 Sale of California Steel Industries - (28) 28 Balance as of December 31, 2022 10,770 1,413 9,357 Taxes losses carryforward (609) - (609) Provision for asset retirement obligations and other liabilities (1,123) 86 (1,209) Fair value of financial instruments (168) - (168) Allocated goodwill - (64) 64 Other 251 - 251 Effect in income statement (1,649) 22 (1,671) Employee post-retirement obligation 34 - 34 Fair value of financial instruments 32 - 32 Other comprehensive income 66 - 66 Transfer between assets and liabilities (371) (371) - Translation adjustment 749 19 730 Transfer to asset to held for sale - (213) - Balance as of December 31, 2023 9,565 870 8,482
Schedule of income taxes settlement program	Schedule of income taxes settlement program December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current liabilities 428 371 Non-current liabilities 1,723 1,869 REFIS liabilities 2,151 2,240 SELIC rate 11.75 13.75
Schedule of uncertain tax positions	Schedule of uncertain tax positions December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assessed (i) Not in dispute (ii) Total Assessed (i) Not in dispute (ii) Total UTPs not recorded on statement of financial position (iii) Transfer pricing over the exportation of ores to a foreign subsidiary 2,144 3,010 5,154 1,190 2,592 3,782 Expenses of interest on capital 1,511 - 1,511 1,288 - 1,288 Proceeding related to income tax paid abroad 512 - 512 439 - 439 Goodwill amortization 606 190 796 578 223 801 Payments to Renova Foundation 167 536 703 29 530 559 Other 468 - 468 699 - 699 Total not recoeded on statement of financial position 5,408 3,736 9,144 4,223 3,345 7,568 UTPs recorded on statement of financial position Deduction of CSLL in Brazil 183 - 183 155 - 155 Total recorded on statement of financial position 183 - 183 155 - 155 (i) Includes the tax effects arising from the reduction of the tax losses and negative basis of the CSLL without fines and interest. (ii) Includes the principal, without fines and interest. (iii) Based on the assessment of its internal and external legal advisors, the Company believes that the tax treatment adopted for these matters will be accepted in decisions of the higher courts on last instance.
Schedule of recoverable and payable taxes	Schedule of recoverable and payable taxes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Value-added tax ("ICMS") 232 5 25 261 1 46 Brazilian federal contributions ("PIS" and "COFINS") (i) 355 1,010 615 690 740 35 Income taxes 302 358 429 309 369 221 Financial compensation for the exploration of mineral resources ("CFEM") - - 93 - - 54 Other 11 1 152 12 - 114 Total 900 1,374 1,314 1,272 1,110 470 (i) In December 2023, a judicial decision was issued in a lawsuit related with Brazilian federal contributions (“PIS” and “COFINS”), which is fully guaranteed by a judicial deposit, determining the conversion of part of the judicial deposit to the Government, resulting in the reclassification of the amount to payable taxes. Further details are presented in note 28 of these financial statements.

Basic and diluted earnings (l_2

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Basic And Diluted Earnings Loss Per Share
Schedule of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share	Schedule of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net income attributable to Vale's shareholders Net income from continuing operations 7,983 16,728 24,736 Net income (loss) from discontinued operations - 2,060 (2,291) Net income 7,983 18,788 22,445 Thousands of shares Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 4,366,130 4,637,794 5,012,424 Weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potential ordinary shares 4,369,961 4,642,432 5,016,848 Basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations Common share (US$) 1.83 3.61 4.93 Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations Common share (US$) - 0.44 (0.46) Basic and diluted earnings per share Common share (US$) 1.83 4.05 4.47

Cash flows reconciliation (Tabl

Cash flows reconciliation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash Flows Reconciliation
Schedule of cash flow from operating activities	Schedule of cash flow from operating activities Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Cash flow from operating activities: Income before income taxes 11,151 19,781 29,541 Adjusted for: Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 15 1,108 (305) 1,271 Impairment (impairment reversal) and results on disposal of non-current assets, net 19 266 (773) 426 Provisions related to Brumadinho 25 461 400 201 Provision for de-characterization of dams 27 153 72 1,725 Depreciation, depletion and amortization 3,070 3,171 3,034 Financial results, net 6 1,946 (2,268) (3,119) Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 11 197 (325) 1,029 Inventories 12 (214) 45 (503) Suppliers and contractors 13 637 495 251 Other assets and liabilities, net (1,523) (1,531) (442) Cash flow from operations 17,252 18,762 33,414
Schedule of cash flow from investing activities	Schedule of cash flow from investing activities Year ended December 31, Notes 2023 2022 2021 Disbursement related to VNC sale 16(m) - (555) Proceeds from disposal of Mosaic shares 16(j) - 1,259 Cash received from the sale of California Steel Industries 16(h) - 437 - Cash received from the sale of Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 16(f) 1,082 - - Cash contribution to Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 16(f) (1,149) - - Cash received from the sale of Midwestern System 16(g) - 140 - Disbursement related to MRN sale 16(d) (72) - - Proceeds (payments) from disposal of investments, net (139) 577 704
Schedule of reconciliation of debt to cash flows	Schedule of reconciliation of debt to cash flows Quoted in the secondary market Debt contracts in Brazil Debt contracts on the international market Total December 31, 2021 7,974 380 3,826 12,180 Additions - - 1,275 1,275 Payments (i) (1,441) (220) (639) (2,300) Interest paid (ii) (650) (45) (90) (785) Cash flow from financing activities (2,091) (265) 546 (1,810) Effect of exchange rate 126 7 (55) 78 Interest accretion 488 158 87 733 Non-cash changes 614 165 32 811 December 31, 2022 6,497 280 4,404 11,181 Additions 1,500 - 450 1,950 Payments (i) (542) (50) (66) (658) Interest paid (ii) (454) (24) (265) (743) Cash flow from financing activities 504 (74) 119 549 Effect of exchange rate 19 20 (64) (25) Interest accretion 454 24 288 766 Non-cash changes 473 44 224 741 December 31, 2023 7,474 250 4,747 12,471 (i) Includes bond premium repurchase. (ii) Classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows.
Schedule of non-cash transactions	Schedule of non-cash transactions Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Non-cash transactions: Additions to PP&E - capitalized loans and borrowing costs 19 47 59

Accounts receivable (Tables)

Accounts receivable (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of accounts receivable	Schedule of accounts receivable Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Receivables from contracts with customers Third parties Iron Ore Solutions 3,406 3,132 Energy Transition Metals 743 984 Other 3 35 Related parties 31 89 211 Accounts receivable 4,241 4,362 Expected credit loss (44) (43) Accounts receivable, net 4,197 4,319
Schedule of sensitivity of the company's risk on final settlement	Schedule of sensitivity of the company's risk on final settlement December 31, 2023 Thousand metric tons Provisional price (US$/ton) Variation Effect on Revenue (US$ million) Iron ore 29,594 139 +/- 10 +/- 412 Copper 95 8,026 +/- 10 +/- 76

Inventories (Tables)

Inventories (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of inventories	Schedule of inventories December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Finished products Iron Ore Solutions 2,457 2,126 Energy Transition Metals 640 651 Total finished products 3,097 2,777 Work in progress 567 800 Consumable inventory 1,159 1,010 Net realizable value provision (i) (139) (105) Total of inventories 4,684 4,482 (i) In 2023, the effect of provision for net realizable value was US$54 (2022: US$44).

Suppliers and contractors (Tabl

Suppliers and contractors (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of amount due to suppliers	Schedule of amount due to suppliers Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Third parties – Brazil 3,461 2,691 Third parties – Abroad 1,653 1,599 Related parties 31 158 171 Total 5,272 4,461

Other financial assets and li_3

Other financial assets and liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Financial Assets And Liabilities
Schedule of other financial assets and liabilities	Schedule of other financial assets and liabilities Current Non-Current Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Other financial assets Restricted cash - - 4 77 Derivative financial instruments 20 271 342 544 196 Investments in equity securities (i) - - 45 7 271 342 593 280 Other financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments 20 36 90 95 186 Other financial liabilities - Related parties 31(b) 290 400 - - Financial guarantees provided (ii) 32(b) - - - 103 Liabilities related to the concession grant 14(a) 591 416 3,278 2,554 Contract liability and other financial liabilities (iii) 759 766 - - 1,676 1,672 3,373 2,843 (i) It mainly relates to a 2.66% noncontrolling interest in Boston Electrometallurgical Company, which aims to promote the development of a technology focused on reducing carbon dioxide emissions in steel production, and a 2.01% noncontrolling interest in Allonia LLC, a transformative biology startup. (ii) In March 2023, the Company completed the sale of its interest in CSP and derecognized the financial guarantee granted by the Company. (iii) Includes advances received from customers that meets the definition of contract liability described in IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers and other financial liabilities that meets the definition of a financial liability described in IAS 32 - Financial Instruments: Presentation.
Schedule of liabilities related to the concession grant	Schedule of liabilities related to the concession grant Consolidated Discount rate Reference 31-Dec-22 Revision to estimates and new provisions Monetary and present value adjustments Disbursements 31-Dec-23 31-Dec-23 31-Dec-22 Remaining term of obligations Payment obligation (a.i) 954 55 176 (55) 1,130 11.04 11.04 34 Infrastructure investment (a.ii) 2,016 719 267 (263) 2,739 5.17 5.54 6.08 6.23 8 2,970 774 443 (318) 3,869 Current liabilities 416 591 Non-current liabilities 2,554 3,278 Liabilities 2,970 3,869

Investments in associates and_3

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments In Associates And Joint Ventures
Schedule of investment in associated and joint ventures	Schedule of investment in associated and joint ventures Associates and joint ventures % ownership December 31, 2022 Additions and capitalizations Equity results in income statement Dividends declared Translation adjustment Transfer to assets held for sale Other December 31, 2023 Iron Ore Solutions Baovale Mineração S.A. 50.00 24 - 3 (2) 2 - 1 28 Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização 50.00 80 - 17 (30) 6 - - 73 Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização 50.89 48 - 16 (18) 3 - - 49 Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização 50.90 62 - 16 (20) 5 - - 63 Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização 51.00 145 - 39 (45) 11 - - 150 MRS Logística S.A. 48.45 509 - 118 (28) 42 - (1) 640 VLI S.A. 29.60 428 - (108) - 25 - 1 346 Samarco Mineração S.A. (note 26) 50.00 - - - - - - - - 1,296 - 101 (143) 94 - 1 1,349 Energy Transition Metals PT Kolaka Nickel Indonesia 18.30 - - - - - (13) 13 - - - - - - (13) 13 - Others Aliança Geração de Energia S.A. 55.00 340 - 48 (60) 28 - - 356 Aliança Norte Energia Participações S.A. 51.00 106 - (8) - 8 - - 106 Other 56 1 3 - 5 - (4) 61 502 1 43 (60) 41 - (4) 523 Equity results in associates and joint ventures 1,798 1 144 (203) 135 (13) 10 1,872 Other results in associates and joint ventures (notes 16 and 26) (i) - - (1,252) - - - - - Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures 1,798 1 (1,108) (203) 135 (13) 10 1,872 (i) It mainly refers to the addition to the provision related to the Samarco dam failure (note 26) and other results related to investments disposals (note 16).
Summarized financial information about relevant associates and joint ventures	Summarized financial information about relevant associates and joint ventures December 31, 2023 Aliança Geração de Energia Aliança Norte Energia Participações Pelletizing plants (i) MRS Logística VLI S.A. Current assets 120 - 374 954 935 Non-current assets 1,064 210 420 2,779 3,309 Total assets 1,184 210 794 3,733 4,244 Current liabilities 171 - 133 704 933 Non-current liabilities 365 2 1 1,709 2,143 Total liabilities 536 2 134 2,413 3,076 Equity 648 208 660 1,320 1,168 Net revenue 230 - 194 1,291 1,682 Net income (loss) 88 (15) 172 243 (366) December 31, 2022 Aliança Geração de Energia Aliança Norte Energia Participações CSP Pelletizing plants (i) MRS Logística VLI S.A. Current assets 140 - 827 497 387 760 Non-current assets 921 209 2,709 328 2,398 3,649 Total assets 1,061 209 3,536 825 2,785 4,409 Current liabilities 161 - 491 164 509 810 Non-current liabilities 282 1 2,450 1 1,219 2,153 Total liabilities 443 1 2,941 165 1,728 2,963 Equity 618 208 595 660 1,057 1,446 Net revenue 215 - 2,399 420 1,083 1,376 Net income (loss) 57 (13) 387 272 169 (29) (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização, and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização.
Schedule of material consolidated entities in each business segment	Schedule of material consolidated entities in each business segment Location Main activity/Business % Ownership % Voting capital % Noncontrolling interest Direct and indirect subsidiaries Companhia Portuária da Baía de Sepetiba Brazil Iron ore 100.0 100.0 0.0 Minerações Brasileiras Reunidas S.A. (“MBR”) Brazil Iron ore 100.0 100.0 0.0 Salobo Metais S.A. Brazil Copper 100.0 100.0 0.0 PT Vale Indonesia Indonesia Nickel 44.3 44.3 55.7 Vale Base Metals Limited United Kingdom Holding 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Holdings B.V. Netherlands Holding and research 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Canada Limited Canada Nickel 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale International S.A. Switzerland Trading and holding 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Malaysia Minerals Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia Iron ore 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Oman Distribution Center LLC Oman Iron ore and pelletizing plant 100.0 100.0 0.0 Vale Oman Pelletizing Company LLC Oman Pelletizing plant 100.0 100.0 0.0
Summarized financial information of noncontrolling interest	Summarized financial information of noncontrolling interest December 31, 2023 PTVI (note 16b) Other Total Current assets 885 - - Non-current assets 2,977 - - Related parties – Shareholders 83 - - Total assets 3,945 - - Current liabilities 221 - - Non-current liabilities 239 - - Related parties – Shareholders - - - Total liabilities 460 - - Equity 3,484 - - Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,599 (79) 1,520 Net income 207 - - Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 144 (22) 122 Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests 33 8 41 December 31, 2022 PTVI Vale Oman Pelletizing (note 16e) Other Total Current assets 853 84 - - Non-current assets 2,147 581 - - Related parties – Shareholders 113 81 - - Total assets 3,113 746 - - Current liabilities 183 96 - - Non-current liabilities 249 149 - - Related parties – Shareholders - 297 - - Total liabilities 432 542 - - Equity 2,681 204 - - Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,492 61 (62) 1,491 Net income 181 29 - - Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 101 9 (28) 82 Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests - 12 - 12 December 31, 2021 PTVI Vale Moçambique Vale Oman Pelletizing Other Total Current assets 771 420 92 - - Non-current assets 1,875 195 633 - - Related parties – Shareholders 82 6 25 - - Total assets 2,728 621 750 - - Current liabilities 174 224 97 - - Non-current liabilities 70 74 157 - - Related parties – Shareholders - 12,072 296 - - Total liabilities 244 12,370 550 - - Equity (negative reserves) 2,484 (11,749) 200 - - Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,383 (587) 60 (21) 834 Net income 198 326 27 - - Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 110 (85) 8 (10) 23 Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests 18 - 12 - 30

Acquisitions and divestitures_2

Acquisitions and divestitures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquisitions And Divestitures
Schedule of acquisitions and divestitures	Schedule of acquisitions and divestitures Year ended December 31, 2023 Cumulative translation adjustments Result of the transaction Reference Other financial items, net Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Total recycling from OCI Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Mineração Rio do Norte 16(d) - - - - (87) Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 16(f) - - - - 31 - - - - (56) Year ended December 31, 2022 Cumulative translation adjustments Result of the transaction Reference Other financial items, net Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Total recycling from OCI Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém (i) 16(f) - - - - (135) Midwestern System 16(g) 37 - 37 1,121 - California Steel Industries 16(h) - 150 150 - 142 Manganese 16(i) - - - (10) - Other 28 - 28 - (9) 65 150 215 1,111 (2) Discontinued operations (Coal) 16(l) 3,072 3,072 (589) - 3,137 150 3,287 522 (2) (i) Includes impairment of the investment in the amount of US$111 and a provision for accounts receivable with CSP in the amount of US$24. Year ended December 31, 2021 Cumulative translation adjustments Result of the transaction Reference Other financial items, net Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Total recycling from OCI Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures Midwestern System 16(g) - - - (78) - Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie 16(m) 1,132 - 1,132 (98) - Vale Shipping Holding 16(k) 771 - 771 - - Manganese 16(i) - - - (35) - Other 9 - 9 - (75) 1,912 - 1,912 (211) (75) Discontinued operations (Coal) 16(l) 424 424 (3,282) - 2,336 - 2,336 (3,493) (75)
Schedule of effects on the balance sheet	Schedule of effects on the balance sheet December 31, 2023 Notes PTVI (held for sale) Assets Cash and cash equivalents 703 Accounts receivable 20 Inventories 80 Taxes 117 Investments 13 Property, plant and equipment 18 2,792 Intangibles 17 69 Other assets 139 Total Assets 3,933 Liabilities Suppliers and contractors 172 Other liabilities 389 Total liabilities 561 Net assets held for sale 3,372
Schedule of fair value of assets and liabilities assumed	Schedule of fair value of assets and liabilities assumed June 22, 2021 Acquired assets Cash and cash equivalents 172 Inventory, recoverable tax, and other assets 423 Intangibles 2,219 Property, plant, and equipment 1,363 Assumed liabilities (158) Net identifiable assets acquired 4,019 Fair value adjustments (i) (1,590) Total identifiable net assets at fair value 2,429 Pre-existing relation (Loans receivable from NLC) 859 Loss on pre-existing relation (771) Total identifiable net assets at fair value 2,517 Cash consideration 2,517 (-) Balances acquired Cash and cash equivalents 172 Net cash outflow 2,345 (i) Of this amount, US$ 441 791
Schedule of net income and cash flows from discontinued operations	Schedule of net income and cash flows from discontinued operations Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net income from discontinued operations Net operating revenue - 448 1,083 Cost of goods sold and services rendered - (264) (1,386) Operating expenses - (13) (33) Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net - (589) (3,282) Operating loss - (418) (3,618) Cumulative translation adjustments (i) - 3,072 - Derecognition of noncontrolling interest - (585) - Financial results, net - (7) 447 Equity results in associates and joint ventures - - (26) income (loss) before income taxes - 2,062 (3,197) Income taxes - (2) 821 Net income (loss) from discontinued operations - 2,060 (2,376) Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests - - (85) Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders - 2,060 (2,291) (i) In 2021, the Company assessed that its Australian subsidiaries (part of the coal business), which were no longer operational, were considered "abandoned" under IAS 21 - The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Cash flow from discontinued operations Operating activities Income (loss) before income taxes - 2,062 (3,197) Adjustments: Equity results in associates and joint ventures - - 26 Depreciation, amortization and depletion - - 69 Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net - 589 3,282 Derecognition of noncontrolling interest - 585 - Financial results, net - (3,065) (447) Decrease in assets and liabilities - (130) (49) Net cash generated (used) by operating activities - 41 (316) Investing activities Additions to property, plant and equipment - (38) (194) Acquisition of NLC, net of cash - - (2,345) Disposal of coal, net of cash - (65) - Other - - 70 Net cash used in investing activities - (103) (2,469) Financing activities Payments - (11) (13) Net cash used by financing activities - (11) (13) Net cash used by discontinued operations - (73) (2,798)

Intangibles (Tables)

Intangibles (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of movements in intangibles	Schedule of movements in intangibles Goodwill Concessions Software Research and development project Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 3,208 5,223 86 494 9,011 Additions - 1,087 39 - 1,126 Disposals - (13) - - (13) Amortization - (229) (43) - (272) Translation adjustment (19) 366 5 34 386 Balance as of December 31, 2022 3,189 6,434 87 528 10,238 Cost 3,189 7,808 564 528 12,089 Accumulated amortization - (1,374) (477) - (1,851) Balance as of December 31, 2022 3,189 6,434 87 528 10,238 Additions - 1,013 53 6 1,072 Disposals - (14) - - (14) Amortization - (251) (41) - (292) Transfer to held for sale (PTVI) (68) - (1) - (69) Translation adjustment 142 507 6 41 696 Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,263 7,689 104 575 11,631 Cost 3,263 9,394 634 575 13,866 Accumulated amortization - (1,705) (530) - (2,235) Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,263 7,689 104 575 11,631
Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangibles	Schedule of estimated useful lives of intangibles Useful life Railway concessions 5 37 Research and development project 19 Software 5

Property, plant, and equipmen_2

Property, plant, and equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of movements in property, plant and equipment	Schedule of movements in property, plant and equipment Consolidated Notes Building and land Facilities Equipment Mineral properties Railway equipment Right of use assets Other Constructions in progress Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 8,137 7,232 4,743 7,742 2,334 1,537 2,484 7,722 41,931 Additions (i) - - - - - 77 - 5,496 5,573 Disposals (22) (24) (19) (3) (7) - (2) (144) (221) Assets retirement obligation 27(b) - - - (562) - - - - (562) Depreciation, depletion and amortization (409) (478) (700) (436) (160) (185) (301) - (2,669) Impairment reversal 56 34 64 39 - - 21 - 214 Transfer to asset held for sale - Midwestern System (56) (34) (64) (39) - - (21) - (214) Translation adjustment 308 340 102 (131) 159 26 43 39 886 Transfers 899 972 858 502 149 - 408 (3,788) - Balance as of December 31, 2022 8,913 8,042 4,984 7,112 2,475 1,455 2,632 9,325 44,938 Cost 16,027 12,819 11,647 16,405 4,099 2,120 5,899 9,325 78,341 Accumulated depreciation (7,114) (4,777) (6,663) (9,293) (1,624) (665) (3,267) - (33,403) Balance as of December 31, 2022 8,913 8,042 4,984 7,112 2,475 1,455 2,632 9,325 44,938 Additions (i) - - - - - 74 - 6,368 6,442 Disposals (35) (11) (15) (7) (13) - (8) (131) (220) Assets retirement obligation 27(b) - - - 324 - - - - 324 Depreciation, depletion and amortization (462) (517) (736) (446) (168) (190) (323) - (2,842) Transfer to asset held for sale (670) - (759) (791) (41) (8) (2) (521) (2,792) Translation adjustment 578 574 214 286 187 28 138 541 2,546 Transfers 1,795 1,151 762 447 172 - 47 (4,374) - Balance as of December 31, 2023 10,119 9,239 4,450 6,925 2,612 1,359 2,484 11,208 48,396 Cost 17,381 14,858 10,326 15,663 4,435 2,208 5,391 11,208 81,470 Accumulated depreciation (7,262) (5,619) (5,876) (8,738) (1,823) (849) (2,907) - (33,074) Balance as of December 31, 2023 10,119 9,239 4,450 6,925 2,612 1,359 2,484 11,208 48,396 (i) The additions are mainly related to the expansion of the Voisey’s Bay mine and the Salobo III project, Sol do Cerrado (solar energy plant) and the execution of the Capanema project. It also includes capitalized interest.
Schedule of estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment	Schedule of estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment Useful life Buildings 3 50 Facilities 3 50 Equipment 3 40 Wagons 30 45 Railway equipment 5 37 Vessels 20 25 Other 2 50

Impairment reversal (impairme_3

Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of impairment losses recognized	Schedule of impairment losses recognized Notes 2023 2022 2021 Midwestern System 16(g) - 205 (78) Manganese 16(i) - (10) (35) Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie S.A.S. ("VNC") 16(m) - - (98) Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets - 195 (211) Onerous contracts - Midwestern System 16(g) - 916 (18) Result of disposals of non-current assets and others (266) (338) (197) Result of disposals of non-current assets and others (266) 578 (215) Impairment reversal (impairment) and disposals of non-current assets (266) 773 (426)
Summary of impairment test for the goodwill	Summary of impairment test for the goodwill 2023 2022 Carrying amount 1,473 1,367 Impairment testing results The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. Measurement of recoverable value FVLCD FVLCD Discount rate 7.0 6.4 Period of cash flow projections 2053 2052 Range of iron ore forecasted prices US$/t 75 98 US$/t 75 95 Sensitivity of key assumptions A 34% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities or a 61% reduction in reserves would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this CGU. A 29% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities or a 51% reduction in reserves would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this CGU. Goodwill allocated to nickel operations 2023 2022 Carrying amount 1,789 1,822 Impairment testing results The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized. Measurement of recoverable value FVLCD FVLCD Discount rate 5.6 5.9 4.5 5.3 Period of cash flow projections 2034-2048 2032-2048 Range of nickel forecasted prices US$/t 18,000 23,000 US$/t 21,000 24,000 Sensitivity of key assumptions A 12.5% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this group of CGUs. A 23.7% reduction In the long-term prices of all commodities would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this group of CGUs. Other intangibles - Research and development project 2023 2022 Carrying amount 568 528 Impairment testing results The recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognised. The recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognised. Measurement of recoverable value FVLCD FVLCD Discount rate 7 6.4 Beginning of operation and useful life 16 years of useful life considering the beginning of operation in 2025 16 years of useful life considering the beginning of operation in 2025 Range of iron ore forecasted prices US$/t 80 98 US$/t 85 95 Sensitivity of key assumptions A 7.5% reduction in the prices of all commodities or an 67% reduction in in processing and beneficiating iron ore volumes would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this asset. A 12.5% reduction in the prices of all commodities or an A 77% reduction in in processing and beneficiating iron ore volumes would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this asset.

Financial and capital risk ma_3

Financial and capital risk management (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of derivatives effects on statement of financial position	Schedule of derivatives effects on statement of financial position December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Reference Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) 109 30 11 144 IPCA swap 20(b.i) - 41 - 63 Dollar swap and forward transactions 20(b.i) 650 - 407 7 LIBOR & SOFR swap 20(b.ii) 4 28 7 - 763 99 425 214 Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(b.iv) 52 22 78 56 Energy Transition Metals 20(c) - 8 35 1 52 30 113 57 Other 20(d) - 2 - 5 Total 815 131 538 276
Schedule of net exposure	Schedule of net exposure Reference December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) 79 (133) IPCA swap 20(b.i) (41) (63) Dollar swap and forward transactions 20(b.i) 650 400 LIBOR & SOFR swap (i) 20(b.ii) (24) 7 664 211 Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(b.iv) 30 22 Energy Transition Metals 20(c) (8) 34 22 56 Other 20(d) (2) (5) Total 684 262 (i) In March 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the financial regulator in the United Kingdom, announced the discontinuation of the LIBOR rate for all terms in pounds, euros, Swiss francs, yen and for terms of one week and two months in dollars at the end of December 2021 and the other terms at the end of June 2023. Vale has finalized the negotiations for the replacement of the reference interest rate of its financial contracts from LIBOR to Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), with spread adjustments to match the transaction costs.
Schedule of effects of derivatives on income statement and cash flow	Schedule of effects of derivatives on income statement and cash flow Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement Year ended December 31, Reference 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) 214 394 (155) IPCA swap 20(b.i) 28 74 28 Eurobonds swap - - (28) Dollar swap and forward operations 20(b.i) 667 628 (20) LIBOR & SOFR swap 20(b.ii) (23) 34 16 Treasury Hedge (Forward) 20(b.ii) 14 - - 900 1,130 (159) Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(c) 15 25 127 Energy Transition Metals 20(d) (15) 18 (2) - 43 125 Other 20(d) 3 (19) 11 Total 903 1,154 (23)
Schedule of effects of derivatives on cash flows	Schedule of effects of derivatives on cash flows Financial settlement inflows (outflows) Year ended December 31, Reference 2023 2022 2021 Foreign exchange and interest rate risk CDI & TJLP vs. US$ fixed and floating rate swap 20(b.i) (1) (98) (142) IPCA swap 20(b.i) 1 56 (18) Eurobonds swap - (29) Dollar swap and forward operations 20(b.i) 454 164 (79) LIBOR & SOFR swap 20(b.ii) 8 46 (2) Treasury Hedge (Forward) (i) 20(b.iii) 14 (8) - 476 160 (270) Commodities price risk Gasoil, Brent and freight 20(b.iv) 7 9 205 Energy Transition Metals 20(c) (1) 10 - 6 19 205 Derivatives designated as cash flow hedge accounting Nickel 20(e) 85 (277) (67) Palladium 20(e) - 15 5 Coal - - (70) 85 (262) (132) Total 567 (83) (197) (i) In 2023, the Company carried out and settle the protection program for US interest rate volatility related to both the issuance and repurchase of bonds.
Schedule of protection program	Schedule of protection program Notional Fair value Financial Settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Index Average rate December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 2025+ CDI vs. US$ fixed rate swap 107 (83) 1 20 23 84 Receivable R$ 5,162 R$ 6,356 CDI 100.00 Payable US$ 1,196 US$ 1,475 Fix 2.00 TJLP vs. US$ fixed rate swap (28) (50) (2) 3 (3) (25) Receivable R$ 694 R$ 814 TJLP + 1.06 Payable US$ 173 US$ 204 Fix 3.46 79 (133) (1) 23 20 59 IPCA swap vs. US$ fixed rate swap (41) (63) 1 4 (5) (36) Receivable R$ 1,078 R$ 1,294 IPCA + 4.54 Payable US$ 267 US$ 320 Fix 3.88 (41) (63) 1 4 (5) (36) R$ fixed rate vs. US$ fixed rate swap 600 318 340 40 333 267 Receivable R$ 12,660 R$ 20,854 Fix 7.36 Payable US$ 2,431 US$ 3,948 Fix 0.00 Forward R$ 1,209 R$ 4,342 B 5.19 50 82 114 3 39 11 650 400 454 43 372 278
Schedule of sensitivity analysis of derivative financial instruments	Schedule of sensitivity analysis of derivative financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) CDI vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation 107 (189) (485) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease 107 74 38 Brazilian interest rate increase 107 80 52 Protected item: R$ denominated liabilities R$ depreciation n.a. - - TJLP vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation (28) (68) (109) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease (28) (32) (37) Brazilian interest rate increase (28) (34) (40) TJLP interest rate decrease (28) (32) (37) Protected item: R$ denominated debt R$ depreciation n.a. - - IPCA swap vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation (41) (106) (171) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease (41) (47) (55) Brazilian interest rate increase (41) (51) (61) IPCA index decrease (41) (45) (50) Protected item: R$ denominated debt R$ depreciation n.a. - - R$ fixed rate vs. US$ fixed rate swap R$ depreciation 600 31 (538) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease 600 564 526 Brazilian interest rate increase 600 525 453 Protected item: R$ denominated debt R$ depreciation n.a. - - Forward R$ depreciation 50 - (49) US$ interest rate inside Brazil decrease 50 48 46 Brazilian interest rate increase 50 46 43 Protected item: R$ denominated liabilities R$ depreciation n.a. - -
Schedule of protection program for interest	Schedule of protection program for interest Notional Fair value Financial Settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Index Average rate December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 2025+ LIBOR vs. US$ fixed rate swap - 7 4 - - Receivable - US$ 150 LIBOR 0.00 Payable - US$ 150 Fix 0.00 SOFR vs. US$ fixed rate swap (24) - 4 10 4 (28) Receivable US$ 2,300 - SOFR 0.00 Payable US$ 2,300 - Fix 3.60
Schedule of sensitivity analysis	Schedule of sensitivity analysis Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) SOFR vs. US$ fixed rate swap US$ SOFR decrease (25) (67) (111) Protected item: SOFR US$ indexed debt US$ SOFR decrease n.a. 67 111
Schedule of protection American treasury volatility	Schedule of protection American treasury volatility Notional Fair value Financial Settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Index Average rate December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 Treasury Hedge (Forward) - - B - - - 14 - -
Schedule of protection program for product price	Schedule of protection program for product price Notional Fair value Financial settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Bought / Sold Average strike (US$) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 Brent crude oil (bbl) Call options 19,907,250 22,600,500 B 91 45 74 - 11 45 Put options 19,907,250 22,600,500 S 58 (22) (51) - 5 (22) Forward Freight Agreement (days) Freight forwards 1,210 2,085 B 14,248 7 (1) 7 1 7 30 22 7 17 30
Schedule of sensitivity analysis financial instruments	Schedule of sensitivity analysis financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) Brent crude oil (bbl) Options Price input decrease 23 (111) (399) Protected item: Part of costs linked to fuel oil prices Price input decrease n.a. 111 399 Forward Freight Agreement (days) Forwards Freight price decrease 7 1 (5) Protected item: Part of costs linked to maritime freight prices Freight price decrease n.a. (1) 5
Schedule of other derivatives	Schedule of other derivatives Notional Fair value Financial settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Bought / Sold Average strike (US$/ton) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024+ Fixed price nickel sales protection (ton) Nickel forwards 3,322 766 B 19,207 (8) 7 (3) 3 (8) Hedge program for products acquisition for resale (ton) Nickel forwards - 384 S - - (1) 2 - - (8) 6 (1) 3 (8) Embedded derivative (pellet price) in natural gas purchase (volume/month) Call options 746,667 746,667 S 233 (2) (5) - 2 (2) (2) (5) - 2 (2)
Schedule of Sensitivity analysis of other derivatives financial instruments	Schedule of Sensitivity analysis of other derivatives financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) Fixed price sales protection (ton) Forwards Nickel price decrease (8) (21) (35) Protected item: Part of nickel revenues with fixed prices Nickel price decrease n.a. 21 35 Hedge program for products acquisition for resale (ton) Forwards Nickel price increase n.a. - - Protected item: Part of revenues from products for resale Nickel price increase n.a. - - Embedded derivative (pellet price) in natural gas purchase agreement (volume/month) Embedded derivatives - Gas purchase Pellet price increase (2) (6) (13)
Schedule of effects of derivatives on other comprehensive income	Schedule of effects of derivatives on other comprehensive income Gain (loss) recognized in the other comprehensive income Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net investments hedge 139 81 (118) Cash flow hedge (19) 19 3
Schedule of cash flow hedge	Schedule of cash flow hedge Fair value Financial settlement Inflows (Outflows) Value at Risk Fair value by year Flow Bought / Sold December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023 2024 Nickel revenue hedge program Forward S - 28 85 - - - 28 85 - -
Schedule of derivative financial instruments	Schedule of derivative financial instruments Instrument Instrument's main risk events Fair value Scenario I (∆ of 25%) Scenario II (∆ of 50%) Nickel Revenue Hedging Program Forward Nickel price increase - - - Protected item: Part of nickel revenues with fixed sales prices Nickel price increase n.a. - -
Schedule of carrying amount of the financial assets that represent the exposure to credit risk	Schedule of carrying amount of the financial assets that represent the exposure to credit risk Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents 23 3,609 4,736 Short-term investments 23 51 61 Restricted cash 4 77 Judicial deposits 28 - 1,215 Derivative financial instruments 815 538 Investments in equity securities 14 45 7 4,524 6,634
Summary of ratings published by Moody's regarding the main financial institutions	Summary of ratings published by Moody's regarding the main financial institutions December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents and investment Derivatives Cash and cash equivalents and investment Derivatives Aa1 - - 32 - Aa2 338 - 342 5 Aa3 42 - 239 - A1 2,022 50 1,746 97 A2 309 293 938 145 A3 186 22 918 63 Baa1 2 - - - Baa2 16 - 7 - Ba1 (i) 85 - - - Ba2 (i) 287 314 411 174 Ba3 (i) 373 136 164 54 3,660 815 4,797 538

Financial assets and liabilit_3

Financial assets and liabilities (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of financial instruments classification based on its recognition	Schedule of financial instruments classification based on its recognition December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Financial assets Notes Amortized cost At fair value through OCI At fair value through profit or loss Total Amortized cost At fair value through OCI At fair value through profit or loss Total Current Cash and cash equivalents 23 3,609 - - 3,609 4,736 - - 4,736 Short-term investments 23 - - 51 51 - - 61 61 Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 271 271 - - 342 342 Accounts receivable 11 362 - 3,835 4,197 538 - 3,781 4,319 3,971 - 4,157 8,128 5,274 - 4,184 9,458 Non-current Judicial deposits 28(d) 798 - - 798 1,215 - - 1,215 Restricted cash 14 4 - - 4 77 - - 77 Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 544 544 - - 196 196 Investments in equity securities 14 - 45 - 45 - 7 - 7 802 45 544 1,391 1,292 7 196 1,495 Total of financial assets 4,773 45 4,701 9,519 6,566 7 4,380 10,953 Financial liabilities Current Suppliers and contractors 13 5,272 - - 5,272 4,461 - - 4,461 Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 36 36 - - 90 90 Loans and borrowings 23 824 - - 824 307 - - 307 Leases 24 197 - - 197 182 - - 182 Liabilities related to the concession grant 14(a) 591 - - 591 416 - - 416 Other financial liabilities - Related parties 31 290 - - 290 400 - - 400 Contract liability and financial liabilities 14 759 - - 759 766 - - 766 7,933 - 36 7,969 6,532 - 90 6,622 Non-current Derivative financial instruments 20 - - 95 95 - - 186 186 Loans and borrowings 23 11,647 - - 11,647 10,874 - - 10,874 Leases 24 1,255 - - 1,255 1,349 - - 1,349 Participative shareholders' debentures 22 - - 2,874 2,874 - - 2,725 2,725 Liabilities related to the concession grant 14(a) 3,278 - - 3,278 2,554 - - 2,554 Financial guarantees 32 - - - - - - 103 103 16,180 - 2,969 19,149 14,777 - 3,014 17,791 Total of financial liabilities 24,113 - 3,005 27,118 21,309 - 3,104 24,413
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value	Schedule of assets and liabilities measured and recognized at fair value December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Notes Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial assets Short-term investments 23 51 - - 51 61 - - 61 Derivative financial instruments 20 - 815 - 815 - 538 - 538 Accounts receivable 11 - 3,835 - 3,835 - 3,781 - 3,781 Investments in equity securities 14 - 45 - 45 - 7 - 7 51 4,695 - 4,746 61 4,326 - 4,387 Financial liabilities Derivative financial instruments 20 - 131 - 131 - 276 - 276 Participative shareholders' debentures 22 - 2,874 - 2,874 - 2,725 - 2,725 Financial guarantees 32 - - - - - 103 - 103 - 3,005 - 3,005 - 3,104 - 3,104
Schedule of fair value and carrying amounts of loans and financing	Schedule of fair value and carrying amounts of loans and financing December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying amount Fair value Carrying amount Fair value Quoted in the secondary market: Bonds 7,253 7,404 6,256 6,253 Debentures 221 213 240 225 Debt contracts in Brazil in: R$, indexed to TJLP, TR, IPCA, IGP-M and CDI 250 250 280 278 R$, with fixed interest - - 2 2 Basket of currencies and bonds in US$ indexed to SOFR 153 168 - - Debt contracts in the international market in: US$, with variable and fixed interest 4,504 4,950 4,304 4,391 Other currencies, with variable interest 9 9 9 9 Other currencies, with fixed interest 81 85 90 91 12,471 13,079 11,181 11,249

Participative shareholders_ d_3

Participative shareholders’ debentures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Participative Shareholders Debentures
Schedule of statement of income and balance sheet	Schedule of statement of income and balance sheet Year ended December 31, Average price (R$) Financial results Liabilities 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Participative shareholders’ debentures 35.80 36.59 49.10 (179) 659 (716) 2,874 2,725 3,419
Schedule of shareholders debentures	Schedule of shareholders debentures Availability date Remuneration amount Remuneration for the first half of 2023 October 2, 2023 106 Remuneration for the second half of 2022 April 3, 2023 127 Year ended December 31, 2023 233 Remuneration for the first half of 2022 October 3, 2022 137 Remuneration for the second half of 2021 April 1, 2022 234 Year ended December 31, 2022 371 Remuneration for the first half of 2021 October 1, 2021 225 Remuneration for the second half of 2020 April 1, 2021 193 Year ended December 31, 2021 418

Loans, borrowings, cash and c_3

Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of net debt	Schedule of net debt December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Loans and borrowings 12,471 11,181 Leases (note 24) 1,452 1,531 Gross debt 13,923 12,712 (-) Cash and cash equivalents 3,609 4,736 (-) Short-term investments (i) 51 61 (-) Net Cash PTVI (note 16b) 703 - Net debt 9,560 7,915 (i) Substantially comprises investments in an exclusive investment fund, which portfolio is made by committed transactions and Selic Treasury Notes (“LFTs”), which are floating-rate securities issued by the Brazilian government.
Schedule of total debt	Schedule of cash and cash equivalents December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 R$ 953 1,770 US$ 2,516 2,798 Other currencies 140 168 Total 3,609 4,736 c) Loans and borrowings i) Outstanding balance of loans and borrowings by type and currency Schedule of total debt Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Average interest rate (i) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Quoted in the secondary market: US$ Bonds 6.02 - - 7,157 6,157 R$ Debentures (ii) 10.17 96 47 119 186 Debt contracts in Brazil in (iii): R$, indexed to TJLP, TR, IPCA, IGP-M and CDI 10.12 49 46 200 232 R$, with fixed interest - 2 - - Basket of currencies and bonds in US$ indexed to SOFR 6.80 - - 150 - Debt contracts in the international market in: US$, with variable and fixed interest 5.59 500 54 3,945 4,212 Other currencies, with variable interest 4.12 - - 9 9 Other currencies, with fixed interest 3.87 12 11 67 78 Accrued charges 167 147 - - 824 307 11,647 10,874 (i) In order to determine the average interest rate for debt contracts with floating rates, the Company used the rate applicable as of December 31, 2023. (ii) The Company has debentures in Brazil obtained for the Company's infrastructure investment projects. (iii) The Company entered into derivatives to mitigate the exposure to cash flow variations of all floating rate debt contracted in Brazil, resulting in an average cost of 3.39% per year in US$.
Schedule of total debt	Schedule of total debt Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Average interest rate (i) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Quoted in the secondary market: US$ Bonds 6.02 - - 7,157 6,157 R$ Debentures (ii) 10.17 96 47 119 186 Debt contracts in Brazil in (iii): R$, indexed to TJLP, TR, IPCA, IGP-M and CDI 10.12 49 46 200 232 R$, with fixed interest - 2 - - Basket of currencies and bonds in US$ indexed to SOFR 6.80 - - 150 - Debt contracts in the international market in: US$, with variable and fixed interest 5.59 500 54 3,945 4,212 Other currencies, with variable interest 4.12 - - 9 9 Other currencies, with fixed interest 3.87 12 11 67 78 Accrued charges 167 147 - - 824 307 11,647 10,874 (i) In order to determine the average interest rate for debt contracts with floating rates, the Company used the rate applicable as of December 31, 2023. (ii) The Company has debentures in Brazil obtained for the Company's infrastructure investment projects. (iii) The Company entered into derivatives to mitigate the exposure to cash flow variations of all floating rate debt contracted in Brazil, resulting in an average cost of 3.39% per year in US$.
Schedule of reconciliation of debt to cash flows arising from financing activities	Schedule of reconciliation of debt to cash flows arising from financing activities Principal Estimated future interest payments (i) 2024 657 779 2025 451 752 2026 572 724 2027 1,700 625 Between 2028 and 2030 3,274 1,540 2031 onwards 5,650 2,182 Total 12,304 6,602 (i) Based on interest rate curves and foreign exchange rates applicable as of December 31, 2023 and considering that the payments of principal will be made on their contracted payments dates. The amount includes the estimated interest not yet accrued and the interest already recognized in the annual financial statements.

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Leases Abstract
Schedule of right of use	Schedule of right of use December 31, 2022 Additions and contract modifications Depreciation Transfer to asset held for sale Translation adjustment December 31, 2023 Ports 657 24 (59) - 6 628 Vessels 453 4 (42) - - 415 Pelletizing plants 204 24 (51) - 16 193 Properties 87 12 (25) - 6 80 Energy plants 39 - (5) - - 34 Equipment and Installment of mining 15 10 (8) (8) - 9 Total 1,455 74 (190) (8) 28 1,359
Schedule of lease liabilities	Schedule of lease liabilities December 31, 2022 Additions and contract modifications Payments (i) Interest Transfer to liabilities held for sale Translation adjustment December 31, 2023 Ports 690 24 (66) 31 - 3 682 Vessels 441 4 (63) 15 - - 397 Pelletizing plants 222 24 (64) 9 - 16 207 Properties 105 12 (27) 4 - 8 102 Energy plants 52 - (6) 3 - - 49 Mining equipment 21 10 (7) - (9) - 15 Total 1,531 74 (233) 62 (9) 27 1,452 Current liabilities 182 197 Non-current liabilities 1,349 1,255 Total 1,531 1,452 (i) The total amount of the variable lease payments not included in the measurement of lease liabilities was US$112 recorded in the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2023, (2022:US$ 367).
Schedule of summary of annual minimum payments related	Schedule of summary of annual minimum payments related 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 onwards Total Remaining term (years) Discount rate Ports 70 69 56 43 737 975 3 20 4 5 Vessels 60 59 54 53 292 518 2 10 3 4 Pelletizing plants 60 50 17 17 115 259 1 10 2 6 Properties 28 18 16 14 38 114 1 10 2 6 Energy plants 10 10 6 5 46 77 1 7 5 6 Mining equipment 8 4 2 - - 14 1 5 3 6 Total 236 210 151 132 1,228 1,957

Brumadinho dam failure (Tables)

Brumadinho dam failure (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of changes in provisions to meet its assumed obligations, including de-characterization of the dams	Schedule of changes in provisions to meet its assumed obligations, including de-characterization of the dams December 31, 2022 Revision to estimates and new provisions Monetary and present value adjustments Disbursements Translation adjustment December 31, 2023 Judicial Settlement for Integral Reparation Payment obligations 882 34 79 (495) 62 562 Provision for socio-economic reparation and others 867 (4) 97 (423) 55 592 Provision for social and environmental reparation 777 9 82 (86) 61 843 2,526 39 258 (1,004) 178 1,997 Other obligations Tailings containment, geotechnical safety and environmental reparation 559 200 58 (175) 42 684 Individual indemnification 45 104 9 (78) 3 83 Other 182 133 38 (73) 16 296 786 437 105 (326) 61 1,063 Liability 3,312 476 363 (1,330) 239 3,060

Liabilities related to associ_3

Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Liabilities Related To Associates And Joint Ventures
Schedule of changes in provision related to dam failure	Schedule of changes in provision related to dam failure Total Balance on December 31, 2022 3,321 Addition to the provision due to change in estimates 1,200 Monetary and present value adjustments 198 Disbursements (553) Translation adjustments 261 Balance on December 31, 2023 4,427
Schedule of financial information of Samarco	Schedule of financial information of Samarco December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Current assets 532 454 Non-current assets 3,590 2,748 Total Assets 4,122 3,202 Current liabilities 3,342 10,808 Non-current liabilities 12,179 7,401 Total Liabilities 15,521 18,209 Negative reserves (11,399) (15,007) Net income for the year ended 2,669 11

Provision for de-characteriza_3

Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Provision For De-characterization Of Dam Structures And Asset Retirement Obligations
Schedule of changes in the provisions, de-characterization of dam structures located in Brazil	Schedule of changes in the provisions, de-characterization of dam structures located in Brazil Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 3,464 Revision to estimates and new provisions 72 Disbursements (347) Monetary and present value adjustments (139) Translation adjustment 249 Balance as of December 31, 2022 3,299 Revision to estimates and new provisions 153 Disbursements (458) Monetary and present value adjustments 199 Translation adjustment 258 Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,451
Schedule of changes in the provision of asset retirement obligations and environmental obligations	Schedule of changes in the provision of asset retirement obligations and environmental obligations Liability Discount rate Cash flow maturity Notes December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Liability by geographical area Brazil 2,415 1,863 5.47 6.20 2132 2096 Canada 1,592 1,683 1.30 1.11 2150 2151 Oman 158 114 3.19 3.90 2035 2035 Indonesia 16(b) - 73 - 4.33 - 2061 Other regions 114 149 2.04 1.92 - - 4,279 3,882 Operating plants 3,155 2,971 Closed plants 1,124 911 4,279 3,882
Schedule of provision changes during the year	Schedule of provision changes during the year Asset retirement obligations Environmental obligations Total Balance on December 31, 2021 4,342 297 4,639 Disbursements (101) (26) (127) Revision to estimates and new provisions (i) (684) 46 (638) Transfer to assets held for sale (49) (2) (51) Monetary and present value adjustments 78 7 85 Translation adjustment (41) 15 (26) Balance on December 31, 2022 3,545 337 3,882 Disbursements (172) (101) (273) Revision to estimates and new provisions 206 219 425 Transfer to assets held for sale (84) - (84) Monetary and present value adjustments 126 17 143 Translation adjustment 158 28 186 Balance on December 31, 2023 3,779 500 4,279 (i) Among other factors, includes the reduction in liability of US$870, due to the update in the discount rate of the asset retirement obligation in Canada, which increased from 0.00% to 1.11% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Legal proceedings (Tables)

Legal proceedings (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of changes in provision for litigations	Schedule of changes in provision for litigations Tax litigation Civil litigation Labor litigation Environmental litigation Total of litigation provision Balance as of December 31, 2021 456 284 358 7 1,105 Additions and reversals, net 40 38 67 8 153 Payments (40) (67) (56) (1) (164) Indexation and interest 89 26 19 - 134 Transfer to held for sale (1) (7) (2) - (10) Translation adjustment 32 17 25 - 74 Balance as of December 31, 2022 576 291 411 14 1,292 Additions and reversals, net (8) 70 167 - 229 Payments (4) (43) (93) (7) (147) Indexation and interest 90 39 (5) 7 131 Transfer to payable taxes (611) - - - (611) Translation adjustment 47 23 34 1 105 Balance as of December 31, 2023 90 380 514 15 999
Schedule of contingent liabilities	Schedule of contingent liabilities December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Tax litigations 7,235 6,590 Civil litigations 1,366 1,270 Labor litigations 378 569 Environmental litigations 1,320 1,102 Total 10,299 9,531
Schedule of judicial deposits	Schedule of judicial deposits December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Tax litigations 516 945 Civil litigations 122 123 Labor litigations 148 134 Environmental litigations 12 13 Total 798 1,215

Employee benefits (Tables)

Employee benefits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Employee Benefits
Schedule of of employee related liabilities	Schedule of of employee related liabilities Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Notes December 31, 2023 December 31 ,2022 December 31, 2023 December 31 ,2022 Payroll, related charges and other remunerations 29(a) 867 831 - - Share-based payment 29(b) 27 33 - - Employee post-retirement obligation 29(c) 70 66 1,381 1,260 964 930 1,381 1,260
Schedule of fair value of the matching program	Schedule of fair value of the matching program 2023 2022 Granted shares 1,330,503 1,437,588 Share price 15.94 20.03
Schedule of assumptions used for the monte carlo simulation	Schedule of assumptions used for the monte carlo simulation 2023 2022 Granted shares 1,177,755 1,709,955 Date shares were granted January 2, 2023 January 3, 2022 Share price 16.6 13.81 Expected volatility 48.33 39.00 Expected term (in years) 3 3 Expected shareholder return indicator 72.42 51.20 Expected performance factor 79.32 53.08
Schedule of present value obligation	Schedule of present value obligation Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2021 2,833 3,983 1,427 Service costs 45 40 13 Interest costs 325 39 60 Benefits paid (534) (58) (57) Participant contributions - (30) - Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions (784) (109) (343) Translation adjustment 5 (5) (24) Others - - (19) Transfer 3,252 (3,252) - Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022 5,142 608 1,057 Service costs 16 15 8 Interest costs 322 103 68 Benefits paid (479) (126) (56) Participant contributions - - - Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions 468 130 44 Settlement - (836) - Transfer to assets held for sale - (28) (12) Other 3 10 (2) Translation adjustment 246 41 43 Transfer (1,201) 1,201 - Benefit obligation as of December 31, 2023 4,517 1,118 1,150
Schedule of evolution of assets fair value	Schedule of evolution of assets fair value Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2021 3,752 3,779 - Interest income 412 17 - Employer contributions 45 14 57 Benefits paid (534) (58) (57) Return on plan assets (excluding interest income) (752) (31) - Translation adjustment 44 (9) - Transfer 3,373 (3,373) - Fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2022 6,340 339 - Interest income 429 85 - Employer contributions 22 25 56 Benefits paid (479) (126) (56) Return on plan assets (excluding interest income) 286 44 - Settlement - (841) - Translation adjustment 320 28 - Transfer (1,261) 1,261 - Fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2023 5,657 815 -
Schedule of reconciliation of assets and liabilities recognized in the statement of financial position	Schedule of reconciliation of assets and liabilities recognized in the statement of financial position Plans in Brazil December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Movements of assets ceiling Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Balance at beginning of the year 924 - - 876 - - Interest income 95 - - 83 - - Changes on asset ceiling (194) - - (89) - - Translation adjustment 68 - - 54 - - Balance at end of the year 893 - - 924 - - Amount recognized in the statement of financial position Present value of actuarial liabilities (3,152) (272) (389) (2,634) (246) (321) Fair value of assets 4,045 94 - 3,558 101 - Effect of the asset ceiling (893) - - (924) Liabilities - (178) (389) - (145) (321) Current liabilities - (3) (22) - (3) (16) Non-current liabilities - (175) (367) - (142) (305) Liabilities - (178) (389) - (145) (321) Foreign plan December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Overfunded pension plans (i) Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Movements of assets ceiling Balance at beginning of the year 190 - - 44 - - Interest income 8 1 - 1 - - Changes on asset ceiling and onerous liability 2 (28) - 160 - - Translation adjustment 5 - - (15) - - Transfer (27) 27 - Balance at end of the year 178 - - 190 - - Amount recognized in the statement of financial position Present value of actuarial liabilities (1,365) (846) (759) (2,508) (362) (736) Fair value of assets 1,611 721 - 2,782 238 - Effect of the asset ceiling (178) - - (190) - - Assets (liabilities) 68 (125) (759) 84 (124) (736) Current liabilities - (6) (39) - (7) (40) Non-current assets (liabilities) 68 (119) (720) 84 (117) (696) Assets (liabilities) 68 (125) (759) 84 (124) (736) Total December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Movements of assets ceiling Overfunded pension plans (i) Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Balance at beginning of the year 1,114 - - 919 - - Interest income 103 1 - 84 - - Changes on asset ceiling (192) (28) - 65 - - Translation adjustment 73 - - 46 - - Transfer (27) 27 - - - - Balance at end of the year 1,071 - - 1,114 - - Amount recognized in the statement of financial position Present value of actuarial liabilities (4,517) (1,118) (1,148) (5,142) (608) (1,057) Fair value of assets 5,656 815 - 6,340 339 - Effect of the asset ceiling (1,071) - - (1,114) - - Assets (liabilities) 68 (303) (1,148) 84 (269) (1,057) Current liabilities - (9) (61) - (10) (56) Non-current assets (liabilities) 68 (294) (1,087) 84 (259) (1,001) Assets (liabilities) 68 (303) (1,148) 84 (269) (1,057) (i) The pension plan asset is recorded as “Other non-current assets” in the financial position.
Schedule of costs recognized in the income statement	Schedule of costs recognized in the income statement Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Service cost 16 15 8 45 40 13 10 68 1 Interest expense 322 103 68 325 39 60 196 122 33 Interest income (429) (85) - (412) (17) - (253) (102) - Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability 103 1 - 84 - - 58 - - Others 3 10 (2) - - - - - - Total of cost, net 15 44 74 42 62 73 11 88 34
Schedule of costs recognized in the statement of comprehensive income	Schedule of costs recognized in the statement of comprehensive income Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Balance at beginning of the year (124) (45) 62 (93) (92) (172) (101) (400) (363) Effect of changes actuarial assumptions (468) (130) (44) 784 109 343 330 246 261 Return on plan assets (excluding interest income) 286 44 - (752) (31) - (269) 181 - Change of asset ceiling 192 28 - (65) - - (60) - - Others - - (12) (3) - - (5) 3 (4) Total 10 (58) (56) (36) 78 343 (4) 430 257 Deferred income tax (3) 19 20 12 (26) (102) 5 (130) (83) Others comprehensive income 7 (39) (36) (24) 52 241 1 300 174 Translation adjustments (10) (6) (9) (7) (5) (7) 7 8 17 Accumulated other comprehensive income (127) (90) 17 (124) (45) 62 (93) (92) (172)
Schedule of assumptions were adopted	Schedule of assumptions were adopted Brazil December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 8.57 8.63 10.15 8.59 8.74 9.77 9.88 10.66 9.81 9.90 Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 8.57 8.63 10.15 N/A 9.77 9.88 10.66 N/A Nominal average rate of salary increase 3.08 4.94 4.50 N/A 3.50 5.36 6.86 N/A Nominal average rate of benefit increase 3.08 3.60 4.50 N/A 3.50 4.02 6.86 N/A Immediate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 6.17 N/A N/A 6.35 Ultimate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 6.17 N/A N/A 6.35 Nominal average rate of price inflation 3.08 4.50 3.08 3.50 4.25 3.50 Foreign December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Discount rate to determine benefit obligation 4.63 4.63 4.64 5.10 5.10 5.14 Nominal average rate to determine expense/ income 5.10 5.10 5.14 2.84 2.84 3.03 Nominal average rate of salary increase 3.31 3.31 N/A 3.23 3.23 N/A Nominal average rate of benefit increase 3.00 3.00 N/A 3.00 3.00 N/A Immediate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 4.85 N/A N/A 5.11 Ultimate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 4.49 N/A N/A 4.57 Nominal average rate of price inflation 2.08 2.08 N/A 2.06 2.06 N/A For the sensitivity analysis, the Company applies the effect of 1.0 Brazil December 31, 2023 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Nominal discount rate - 1% increase Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 2,940 262 501 Assumptions made 9.60 11.15 9.67 Nominal discount rate - 1% reduction Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 3,399 283 387 Assumptions made 7.60 9.15 7.67 Foreign December 31, 2023 Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits Nominal discount rate - 1% increase Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 1,237 745 677 Assumptions made 5.63 5.63 5.65 Nominal discount rate - 1% reduction Actuarial liability adjusted for sensitivity test 1,506 957 880 Assumptions made 3.63 3.63 3.64
Schedule of overfunded pension plans	Schedule of overfunded pension plans December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents - 14 - 14 - 55 - 55 Equity securities 261 - - 261 1,115 - - 1,115 Debt securities - Corporate - 396 - 396 1 367 - 368 Debt securities - Government 3,814 361 - 4,175 3,354 435 - 3,789 Investments funds - Fixed Income 1,391 162 - 1,553 1,040 133 - 1,173 Investments funds - Equity 483 1 - 484 455 1 - 456 International investments 59 186 - 245 23 231 - 254 Structured investments - Private Equity funds - 51 72 123 - 188 240 428 Structured investments - Real estate funds - - - - - - 3 3 Real estate - - 235 235 - - 293 293 Loans to participants - - 162 162 - 128 128 Other - - 187 187 - - - - Total 6,008 1,171 656 7,835 5,988 1,410 664 8,062 Funds not related to risk plans (i) (2,178) (1,722) Fair value of plan assets at end of year 5,657 6,340 (i) Financial investments not related to coverage of overfunded pension plans. Funds are related to the Company´s unconsolidated entities and former employees.
Schedule of measurement of plan assets at fair value with no observable market variables	Schedule of measurement of plan assets at fair value with no observable market variables Private equity funds Real estate funds Real estate Loans to participants Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 103 5 212 106 426 Return on plan assets (5) (2) 15 26 34 Assets purchases 10 - 25 280 315 Assets sold during the year (36) - (22) (292) (350) Translation adjustment 4 - 14 8 26 Transfer between Overfunded pension and Underfunded pension plans 164 - 49 - 213 Balance as of December 31, 2022 240 3 293 128 664 Return on plan assets 5 - 9 22 36 Assets purchases 11 - 8 211 230 Assets sold during the year (6) (3) (16) (210) (235) Translation adjustment 8 - 18 11 37 Transfer between Overfunded pension and Underfunded pension plans (58) - (18) (76) Balance as of December 31, 2023 200 - 294 162 656
Schedule of assets by category	Schedule of assets by category December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents - 6 - 6 - 2 - 2 Equity securities 112 - - 112 55 - - 55 Debt securities - Corporate - 215 - 215 - 24 - 24 Debt securities - Government 60 150 - 210 46 19 - 65 Investments funds - Fixed Income 41 - - 41 40 - - 40 Investments funds - Equity 8 11 - 19 7 6 - 13 Structured investments - Private Equity funds - - 55 55 - - 8 8 Real estate - - 27 27 - - 6 6 Loans to participants - - 1 1 - - 1 1 Others - - 131 131 - - 125 125 Total 221 382 214 817 148 51 140 339
Schedule of measurement of underfunded plan assets at fair value	Schedule of measurement of underfunded plan assets at fair value Private equity funds Equity pool Real estate Loans to participants Others Total Balance as of December 31, 2021 181 53 3 1 168 406 Return on plan assets 1 - - - (33) (32) Assets purchases - - 1 - - 1 Assets sold during the year (2) - (1) - - (3) Translation adjustment (8) - (2) - (10) (20) Transfer between surplus and deficit plans (164) (53) 5 - - (212) Balance as of December 31, 2022 8 - 6 1 125 140 Return on plan assets 4 - - - 3 7 Assets purchases 3 - 2 - 5 Assets sold during the year (19) - - - (19) Translation adjustment 1 - 1 - 3 5 Transfer between surplus and deficit plans 58 - 18 - 76 Balance as of December 31, 2023 55 - 27 1 131 214
Schedule of expected benefit payments	Schedule of expected benefit payments Overfunded pension plans Underfunded pension plans Other benefits 2024 275 30 26 2025 277 30 27 2026 279 31 28 2027 280 31 30 2028 281 31 30 2029 and thereafter 1,387 161 167

Equity (Tables)

Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Equity Abstract
Schedule of share capital	Schedule of share capital December 31, 2023 Shareholders Common shares Golden shares Total Previ 395,314,056 - 395,314,056 Mitsui&co 286,347,055 - 286,347,055 Blackrock, Inc 264,763,034 - 264,763,034 Total shareholders with more than 5% of capital (i) 946,424,145 - 946,424,145 Free floating 3,353,430,143 - 3,353,430,143 Golden shares - 12 12 Total outstanding (without shares in treasury) 4,299,854,288 12 4,299,854,300 Shares in treasury 239,153,280 - 239,153,280 Total capital 4,539,007,568 12 4,539,007,580 (i) The number of shares is based on communications sent by shareholders pursuant to Resolution 44 issued by the Brazilian Securities Exchange Commission (“CVM”).
Schedule of cancelation of treasury shares	Schedule of cancelation of treasury shares Number of canceled shares Carrying amount Cancelation approved on March 2, 2023 (i) 239,881,683 4,164 Year ended December 31, 2023 239,881,683 4,164 Cancelation approved on February 24, 2022 (i) 133,418,347 2,830 Cancellation approved on July 28, 2022 220,150,800 3,786 Year ended December 31, 2022 353,569,147 6,616
Schedule of share buyback program	Schedule of share buyback program Total of shares repurchased Effect on cash flows Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Shares buyback program up to 150,000,000 shares (i) Acquired by Parent 1,500,000 - 22 - Acquired by wholly owned subsidiaries 1,500,000 - 22 - Total 3,000,000 - 44 - Shares buyback program up to 500,000,000 shares (ii) Acquired by Parent 93,638,352 87,779,900 1,378 1,375 Acquired by wholly owned subsidiaries 88,058,750 90,847,177 1,292 1,410 Total 181,697,102 178,627,077 2,670 2,785 Shares buyback program up to 470,000,000 shares (iii) Acquired by Parent - 81,855,600 - 1,501 Acquired by wholly owned subsidiaries - 96,959,900 - 1,750 Total - 178,815,500 - 3,251 Shares buyback program 184,697,102 357,442,577 2,714 6,036 (i) On October 26, 2023, a new share buyback program limited to a maximum of 150,000,000 common shares and their respective ADRs, over the next 18 months started from the end of the program previously on going. (ii) On April 27, 2022, the Board of Directors approved the common shares buyback program, limited to a maximum of 500,000,000 common shares or their respective ADRs, with a term of 18 months. (iii) On April 1, 2021, the Board of Directors approved the common share buyback program, limited to a maximum of 270,000,000 common shares or their respective ADRs. In continuation of the previous program, the Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program on October 28, 2021, with a limit of up to 200,000,000 common shares or their respective ADRs. Both programs ended in 2022.
Schedule of profit distribution	Schedule of profit distribution 2023 2022 Net income of the year 7,983 18,788 Appropriation to legal reserve (i) - (276) Appropriation to tax incentive reserve (891) (1,157) Net income after appropriations to legal reserve and tax incentive reserve 7,092 17,355 Minimum remuneration to shareholders (ii) 2,042 4,386 Additional shareholders' remuneration from the net income for the year 4,066 437 Total remuneration to shareholders 6,108 4,823 Appropriation to statutory reserve 984 8,821 Appropriation to retained earnings reserve - 3,711 (i) In 2022, the limit of 20% of the share capital for the constitution of the legal reserve was reached, in accordance with article 193 of Law 6,404 and article 39 of the Company's By-laws. (ii) Mandatory minimum remuneration was fully approved.
Schedule of profit reserves	Schedule of profit reserves Legal reserve Tax incentive reserve Statutory reserve Retained earnings reserve Additional remuneration reserve Total of profit reserves Balance as of December 31, 2021 2,523 3,083 6,898 - 3,198 15,702 Allocation of income 276 1,157 8,821 3,711 437 14,402 Deliberated dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders - - - - (3,500) (3,500) Treasury shares cancellation - - (6,616) - - (6,616) Tranfer of reserves - 3 (3) - - - Translation adjustment 165 173 249 (133) 302 756 Balance as of December 31, 2022 2,964 4,416 9,349 3,578 437 20,744 Allocation of income - 891 984 - 2,364 4,239 Deliberated dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders - - - - (437) (437) Treasury shares cancellation - - (4,164) - - (4,164) Translation adjustment 230 383 604 278 - 1,495 Balance as of December 31, 2023 3,194 5,690 6,773 3,856 2,364 21,877

Related parties (Tables)

Related parties (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of transactions with related parties	Schedule of transactions with related parties Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net operating revenue Cost and operating expenses Financial result Net operating revenue Cost and operating expenses Financial result Net operating revenue Cost and operating expenses Financial result Joint Ventures Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém 93 - - 434 - (3) 640 - 3 Aliança Geração de Energia S.A. - (126) - - (121) - 5 (105) - Pelletizing companies (i) - (227) (38) - (337) (34) - (349) (15) MRS Logística S.A. - (453) - 1 (397) - - (279) - Norte Energia S.A. - (107) - - (135) - - (114) - Other 32 (10) 1 41 (8) - - (10) (1) 125 (923) (37) 476 (998) (37) 645 (857) (13) Associates VLI 321 (29) (3) 289 (26) (3) 255 (21) (2) Other - (1) - 1 - - 1 - - 321 (30) (3) 290 (26) (3) 256 (21) (2) Shareholders Cosan 10 (11) - - - - - - - Bradesco - - 201 - - 381 - - (528) Banco do Brasil - - - - - 3 - - 13 Mitsui 280 - - 416 - - 261 - - 290 (11) 201 416 - 384 261 - (515) Total of continuing operations 736 (964) 161 1,182 (1,024) 344 1,162 (878) (530) Discontinued operation - Coal - - - - - - - (95) 15 Total 736 (964) 161 1,182 (1,024) 344 1,162 (973) (515) (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização.
Schedule of outstanding balances with related parties	Schedule of outstanding balances with related parties Assets December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Dividends receivable and other assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Dividends receivable and other assets Joint Ventures Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém - - - - 91 17 Pelletizing companies (i) - - 27 - - 25 MRS Logística S.A. - 16 34 - - 25 Other - 4 43 - 4 50 - 20 104 - 95 117 Associates VLI - 46 - - 14 - Other - 1 2 - - 1 - 47 2 - 14 1 Shareholders Cosan - 1 - - - - Bradesco 176 - 313 335 - 154 Banco do Brasil 58 - - 30 - - Mitsui - 5 - - 89 - 234 6 313 365 89 154 Pension plan - 16 - - 13 - Total 234 89 419 365 211 272 (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização. Liabilities December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Supplier and contractors Financial instruments and other liabilities Supplier and contractors Financial instruments and other liabilities Joint Ventures Pelletizing companies (i) 51 290 63 400 MRS Logística S.A. 48 - 57 - Other 39 - 31 - 138 290 151 400 Associates VLI 1 59 5 53 Other 4 - 3 - 5 59 8 53 Shareholders Cosan 1 - - - Bradesco - 23 - 75 Mitsui 1 1 23 1 75 Pension plan 14 - 11 - Total 158 372 171 528 (i) Aggregated entities: Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização, Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização and Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização.
Schedule of remuneration of key management personnel	Schedule of remuneration of key management personnel Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Short-term benefits Wages 11 10 9 Direct and indirect benefits 1 2 1 Profit sharing program (“PLR”) 11 12 10 Total short- term benefits 23 24 20 Long-term benefits Shares based 14 18 12 Severance 2 2 1 Total short and long-term benefits 39 44 33

Commitments and guarantees gr_2

Commitments and guarantees granted (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Schedule of commitments	Schedule of commitments December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Purchase of raw materials and services 5,361 6,534 Purchase of energy 2,316 2,605 Total 7,677 9,139
Schedule of guarantee	Schedule of guarantee December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Guarantee Restricted cash Liability (i) Guarantee Restricted cash Liability (i) Associates and joint ventures 274 - - 1,522 - 103 Assets retirement obligations 910 - - 644 73 - 1,184 - - 2,166 73 103 (i) The fair value of these financial guarantees is recorded as “Other financial liabilities” (note 14).

Basis of preparation of finan_4

Basis of preparation of financial statements (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
United States of America, Dollars
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Closing rate	4.8413	5.2177	5.5805
Average rate	4.9954	5.1655	5.3956
Canada, Dollars
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Closing rate	3.6522	3.8550	4.3882
Average rate	3.7026	3.9705	4.3042
Euro Member Countries, Euro
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Closing rate	5.3516	5.5694	6.3210
Average rate	5.4023	5.4420	6.3784

Basis of preparation of finan_5

Basis of preparation of financial statements (Details Narrative) R$ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment	$ 48,396	$ 44,938	$ 41,931
Expenses relation to carbon credits	4
Investments in dry stacking and processing systems	144	305
Research and development expenses	723	660	549
Other operating expenses	(1,498)	(1,722)	$ (2,976)
Outstanding balances related suppliers	221	202
Sol Do Cerrado [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment	590			R$ 3
Gelado Project [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Capital investment	50	$ 65
Vale Ventures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Capital investment					$ 100
Allonia [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Acquisition of minority stakes	19
Evok Innovations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Capital investment	3
Agera [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Research and development expenses	1
Krenak Indigenous Community [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other operating expenses	5
Tupiniquim And Guarani [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other operating expenses	2
Kayapo In Para Kaapor And Guajajara [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other operating expenses	7
Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment on decarbonization plan	4,000
Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment on decarbonization plan	$ 6,000

Significant events and transa_2

Significant events and transactions related to 2023 financial statements (Details Narrative) R$ in Millions, $ in Millions			1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 22, 2024 USD ($)	Feb. 22, 2024 BRL (R$)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 shares	Feb. 29, 2024 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Share buyback program number of shares authorized to be repurchased | shares				184,697,102	184,697,102	357,442,577
Repurchase of shares, value				$ 2,714
Number of notes issued										$ 1,500
Remuneration On Transaction [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Remuneration on stockholders equity	$ 2,364	R$ 11722		5,513	R$ 27759
Anglo American Brasil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Acquisition interest rate							15%
Cash contribution							$ 157.5
Samarco Dam [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Provisions				1,200
Wheaton [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Vale received								$ 370
Wheaton [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Additional amount estimated in future								50
Wheaton [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Additional amount estimated in future								$ 160
Energy Transition Metals Business [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Sale of equity interest rate									13%
Aggregated amount									$ 3,400
Notes Offering And Bond Tender Offers [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of notes issued										1,500
Total redeemed notes										500
Bond premium repurchase										$ 22
Renova Foundation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Income taxes				$ 1,078
C S P [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net cash outflow			$ 67
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures			$ 31

Information by business segme_4

Information by business segment and geographic area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	$ 17,961	$ 19,760	$ 31,343
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(3,070)	(3,171)	(3,034)
Impairment reversal (impairment) and results on disposal of non-current assets, net and other (ii)	(482)	773	(426)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures (iii)	(204)	(154)	(190)
Operating income	14,205	17,208	27,693
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures	(1,108)	305	(1,271)
Financial results	(1,946)	2,268	3,119
Income before income taxes	11,151	19,781	29,541
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations (coal)		171	(189)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization			(69)
Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net		(589)	(3,282)
Dividends received and interest from associates and joint ventures			(78)
Operating loss		(418)	(3,618)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures			(26)
Financial results		3,065	447
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest		(585)
Income (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations (coal)		2,062	(3,197)
Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	14,888	15,670	26,471
Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	3,122	3,653	4,873
Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	117	120	136
Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	18,127	19,443	31,480
Nickel [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	851	1,924	1,576
Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	1,100	569	1,617
Energy Transition Metals [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	1,951	2,493	3,193
Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	$ (2,117)	$ (2,176)	$ (3,330)

Information by business segme_5

Information by business segment and geographic area (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	$ 41,784	$ 43,839	$ 54,502
Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	27,760	28,188	38,324
Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	5,803	6,256	7,053
Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	516	472	548
Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	5,193	6,619	5,376
Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	2,376	1,779	2,590
Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	136	525	611
Country Of China [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	21,577	22,203	28,603
Country Of China [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	20,641	20,545	27,296
Country Of China [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	2	41	159
Country Of China [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue		7	55
Country Of China [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	642	1,538	904
Country Of China [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	292	72	189
Country Of China [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Country Of Japan [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	3,219	3,535	4,523
Country Of Japan [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	2,356	2,557	3,489
Country Of Japan [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	279	208	488
Country Of Japan [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1
Country Of Japan [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	583	765	514
Country Of Japan [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue		5	32
Country Of Japan [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Asia Except Japan And China [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	3,308	3,119	4,501
Asia Except Japan And China [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	2,111	2,028	2,998
Asia Except Japan And China [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	407	393	515
Asia Except Japan And China [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	10	13	23
Asia Except Japan And China [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	513	484	592
Asia Except Japan And China [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	267	154	373
Asia Except Japan And China [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue		47
Country Of Brazil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	3,755	4,137	5,164
Country Of Brazil [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,370	1,305	1,778
Country Of Brazil [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,684	1,997	2,417
Country Of Brazil [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	502	447	425
Country Of Brazil [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	63	60	55
Country Of Brazil [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Country Of Brazil [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	136	328	489
Country Of United States Of America [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,623	1,643	1,543
Country Of United States Of America [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue			23
Country Of United States Of America [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	262	218	369
Country Of United States Of America [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Country Of United States Of America [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,361	1,425	1,151
Country Of United States Of America [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Country Of United States Of America [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Americas Except United States And Brazil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	897	1,199	1,283
Americas Except United States And Brazil [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1		5
Americas Except United States And Brazil [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	398	472	725
Americas Except United States And Brazil [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1	5	29
Americas Except United States And Brazil [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	456	597	362
Americas Except United States And Brazil [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	41		40
Americas Except United States And Brazil [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue		125	122
Country Of Germany [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,351	1,521	2,034
Country Of Germany [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	244	357	558
Country Of Germany [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	55	16	48
Country Of Germany [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	2		12
Country Of Germany [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	458	597	657
Country Of Germany [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	592	551	759
Country Of Germany [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Europe Except Germany [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	3,677	3,836	4,696
Europe Except Germany [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,037	1,396	2,175
Europe Except Germany [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	374	317	194
Europe Except Germany [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue			4
Europe Except Germany [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,082	1,126	1,126
Europe Except Germany [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	1,184	997	1,197
Europe Except Germany [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Middle East Africa And Oceania [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	2,377	2,646	2,155
Middle East Africa And Oceania [Member] | Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue			2
Middle East Africa And Oceania [Member] | Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	2,342	2,594	2,138
Middle East Africa And Oceania [Member] | Other Ferrous Products And Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Middle East Africa And Oceania [Member] | Nickel And Other Products [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	35	27	15
Middle East Africa And Oceania [Member] | Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue
Middle East Africa And Oceania [Member] | Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue		$ 25

Information by business segme_6

Information by business segment and geographic area (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures	$ 1,872	$ 1,798
Property, plant and equipment and intangibles	60,027	55,176
Capital expenditures
Sustaining capital (i)	4,269	3,859
Project execution	1,651	1,587
Product inventory	5,920	5,446
Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures	1,349	1,296
Property, plant and equipment and intangibles	38,376	33,048
Capital expenditures
Sustaining capital (i)	2,539	2,236
Project execution	1,219	866
Product inventory	3,758	3,102
Energy Transition Metals [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures
Property, plant and equipment and intangibles	18,341	19,655
Capital expenditures
Sustaining capital (i)	1,610	1,521
Project execution	358	338
Product inventory	1,968	1,859
Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures	523	502
Property, plant and equipment and intangibles	3,310	2,473
Capital expenditures
Sustaining capital (i)	120	102
Project execution	74	383
Product inventory	$ 194	$ 485

Information by business segme_7

Information by business segment and geographic area (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures	$ 1,872	$ 1,798
Intangible	11,631	10,238	$ 9,011
Property, plant and equipment	48,396	44,938	$ 41,931
Total	61,899	56,974
Country Of Brazil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures	1,872	1,798
Intangible	9,822	8,391
Property, plant and equipment	33,769	28,210
Total	45,463	38,399
Country Of Canada [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible	1,808	1,845
Property, plant and equipment	11,890	11,178
Total	13,698	13,023
Americas Except Brazil And Canada [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	4	4
Total	4	4
Country Of Indonesia [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible		1
Property, plant and equipment	59	2,731
Total	59	2,732
Country Of China [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible	1	1
Property, plant and equipment	14	19
Total	15	20
Asia Except China And Indonesia [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	731	786
Total	731	786
Country Of Europe [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	678	747
Total	678	747
Country Of Oman [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	1,251	1,263
Total	$ 1,251	$ 1,263

Costs and expenses by nature (D

Costs and expenses by nature (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Costs And Expenses By Nature
Freight (i)	$ 4,251	$ 4,738	$ 4,575
Services	4,131	3,614	2,878
Personnel	2,931	2,684	2,522
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	2,916	3,049	2,857
Materials	2,731	2,256	2,022
Acquisition of products	2,254	2,566	2,277
Fuel oil and gas	1,626	1,630	1,011
Royalties	1,286	1,268	1,370
Energy	781	719	639
Others	1,182	1,504	1,578
Total	$ 24,089	$ 24,028	$ 21,729

Costs and expenses by nature _2

Costs and expenses by nature (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Costs And Expenses By Nature
Personnel	$ 243	$ 230	$ 217
Services	154	142	124
Depreciation and amortization	47	41	42
Advertisement	26	22	27
Other	83	80	71
Total	$ 553	$ 515	$ 481

Costs and expenses by nature _3

Costs and expenses by nature (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Costs And Expenses By Nature
Expenses related to Brumadinho event	$ 930	$ 1,079	$ 851
Expenses related to de-characterization of dams	153	72	1,725
Asset decommissioning obligations	5	23	121
Provision for litigations	229	153	98
Profit sharing program	147	131	126
Disposals of materials and inventories	74	46	5
COVID-19 expenses			44
Other	(40)	218	6
Total	$ 1,498	$ 1,722	$ 2,976

Costs and expenses by nature _4

Costs and expenses by nature (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Costs And Expenses By Nature
Payment of infrastructure investments	$ 451	$ 459

Financial results (Details)

Financial results (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financial income
Short-term investments	$ 309	$ 440	$ 226
Other	123	80	111
Total financial income	432	520	337
Financial expenses
Loans and borrowings gross interest	(744)	(612)	(671)
Capitalized loans and borrowing costs	19	47	59
Interest on REFIS	(148)	(152)	(54)
Interest on lease liabilities	(62)	(64)	(63)
Bond premium repurchase	(22)	(113)	(63)
Interest on accounts payable	(203)	(51)	(45)
Other	(299)	(234)	(412)
Total financial expenses	(1,459)	(1,179)	(1,249)
Other financial items, net
Foreign exchange and indexation gains (losses), net	(1,643)	(975)	132
Participative shareholders' debentures (i)	(179)	659	(716)
Financial guarantees (i)		481	312
Derivative financial instruments, net	903	1,154	(23)
Reclassification of cumulative translation adjustments to the income statement		1,608	4,326
Total other financial expenses	(919)	2,927	4,031
Total	$ (1,946)	$ 2,268	$ 3,119

Streaming transactions (Details

Streaming transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contract liabilities, current	$ 90	$ 81
Contract liabilities, non-current	1,962	1,612
Total contract liabilities	2,052	1,693
Gold Streaming [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contract liabilities, current	68	53
Contract liabilities, non-current	1,521	1,184
Total contract liabilities	1,589	1,237
Cobalt Streaming [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contract liabilities, current	22	28
Contract liabilities, non-current	441	428
Total contract liabilities	$ 463	$ 456

Streaming transactions (Detai_2

Streaming transactions (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fixed revenue contract liabilities realized	$ 148	$ 86	$ 98
Variable revenue - additional payments received	96	85	94
Cobalt Streaming [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fixed revenue contract liabilities realized	14	49	55
Variable revenue - additional payments received	3	11	12
Gold Streaming [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fixed revenue contract liabilities realized	134	37	43
Variable revenue - additional payments received	$ 93	$ 74	$ 82

Streaming transactions (Detai_3

Streaming transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2013
Gold Streaming [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Upfront payments received		$ 400,000		$ 800,000	$ 900,000	$ 1,900
Streaming liability	$ 370
Gold Streaming [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Additional streaming liability	50
Annual payments of production	5.1
Gold Streaming [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Additional streaming liability	160
Annual payments of production	$ 8.5
Cobalt Streaming [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Mining income			$ 690

Taxes (Details)

Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Income before income taxes	$ 11,151	$ 19,781	$ 29,541
Income taxes at statutory rate (34%)	(3,791)	(6,726)	(10,044)
Adjustments that affect the taxes basis:
Tax incentives	1,071	1,247	2,826
Income tax benefit from interest on capital	789	556	260
Equity results	88	84	167
Addition of tax loss carryforward	409	899	663
Reclassification of cumulative adjustments to the income statement		547	1,471
Reversal of deferred income tax related to Renova Foundation	(1,078)
Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures	(404)
Other	(130)	422	(40)
Income taxes	(3,046)	(2,971)	(4,697)
Current tax	(1,375)	(2,020)	(5,663)
Deferred tax	$ (1,671)	$ (951)	$ 966

Taxes (Details 1)

Taxes (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets taxes losses carryforward	$ 5,704	$ 5,908
Deferred tax assets	9,565	10,770	$ 11,441
Deferred tax liabilities	(870)	(1,413)
Asset Retirement Obligations And Other Liabilities [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	4,165	4,875
Deferred tax liabilities	(807)	(714)
Fair Value Of Financial Instruments [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	735	839
Employee post retirement obligations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	478	411
Provision For Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	306	364
Fair Value Of Property Plant And Equipment In Business Combination [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities	(2,034)	(2,205)
Goodwill Amortization [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities	(575)	(518)
Other temporary differences [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	723	397
Temporary differences [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	12,111	12,794
Deferred tax liabilities	$ (3,416)	$ (3,437)

Taxes (Details 2)

Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Balance at beginning of period, Assets	$ 10,770	$ 11,441
Balance at beginning of period, Liabilities	1,413	1,881
Balance at beginning of period, Deferred taxes net	9,357	9,560
Taxes losses carryforward, Assets	(609)	(68)
Taxes losses carryforward, Deferred taxes net	(609)	(68)
Provision for asset retirement obligations and other liabilities, Assets	(1,123)	(488)
Provision for asset retirement obligations and other liabilities, Liabilities	86	114
Provision for asset retirement obligations and other liabilities, Deferred taxes net	(1,209)	(602)
Fair value of financial instruments, Assets	(168)	(634)
Fair value of financial instruments, Deferred taxes net	(168)	(634)
Allocated goodwill, Liabilities	(64)	(607)
Allocated goodwill, Deferred taxes net	64	607
Other, Assets	251	(254)
Other, Deferred taxes net	251	(254)
Effect in income statement, Assets	(1,649)	(1,444)
Effect in income statement, Liabilities	22	(493)
Effect in income statement, Deferred taxes net	(1,671)	(951)
Employee post-retirement obligation, Assets	34	(116)
Employee post-retirement obligation, Deferred taxes net	34	(116)
Fair value of financial instruments, Assets	32	73
Fair value of financial instruments, Deferred taxes net	32	73
Other comprehensive income, Assets	66	(43)
Other comprehensive income, Deferred taxes net	66	(43)
Transfers between assets and liabilities, Assets	(371)	130
Transfers between assets and liabilities, Liabilities	(371)	130
Translation adjustment, Assets	749	686
Translation adjustment, Liabilities	19	(77)
Translation adjustment, Deferred taxes net	730	763
Sale of California Steel Industries, Liabilities		(28)
Sale of California Steel Industries, Deferred taxes net		28
Transfer to asset to held for sale, Liabilities	(213)
Balance at ending of period, Assets	9,565	10,770
Balance at ending of period, Liabilities	870	1,413
Balance at ending of period, Deferred taxes net	$ 8,482	$ 9,357

Taxes (Details 3)

Taxes (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Current liabilities	$ 428	$ 371
Non-current liabilities	1,723	1,869
REFIS liabilities	$ 2,151	$ 2,240
SELIC rate (in percentage)	11.75%	13.75%

Taxes (Details 4)

Taxes (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
UTPs not recorded on statement of financial position (iii)
Transfer pricing over the exportation of ores to a foreign subsidiary	$ 5,154	$ 3,782
Expenses of interest on capital	1,511	1,288
Proceeding related to income tax paid abroad	512	439
Goodwill amortization	796	801
Payments to Renova Foundation	703	559
Other	468	699
Total not recoeded on statement of financial position	9,144	7,568
UTPs recorded on statement of financial position
Deduction of CSLL in Brazil	183	155
Total recorded on statement of financial position	183	155
Assessed [Member]
UTPs not recorded on statement of financial position (iii)
Transfer pricing over the exportation of ores to a foreign subsidiary	2,144	1,190
Expenses of interest on capital	1,511	1,288
Proceeding related to income tax paid abroad	512	439
Goodwill amortization	606	578
Payments to Renova Foundation	167	29
Other	468	699
Total not recoeded on statement of financial position	5,408	4,223
UTPs recorded on statement of financial position
Deduction of CSLL in Brazil	183	155
Total recorded on statement of financial position	183	155
Not In Dispute [Member]
UTPs not recorded on statement of financial position (iii)
Transfer pricing over the exportation of ores to a foreign subsidiary	3,010	2,592
Expenses of interest on capital
Proceeding related to income tax paid abroad
Goodwill amortization	190	223
Payments to Renova Foundation	536	530
Other
Total not recoeded on statement of financial position	3,736	3,345
UTPs recorded on statement of financial position
Deduction of CSLL in Brazil
Total recorded on statement of financial position

Taxes (Details 5)

Taxes (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current tax assets, current	$ 900	$ 1,272
Current tax assets, non-current	1,374	1,110
Current tax liabilities, current	1,314	470
Value Added Tax [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current tax assets, current	232	261
Current tax assets, non-current	5	1
Current tax liabilities, current	25	46
Brazilian Federal Contributions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current tax assets, current	355	690
Current tax assets, non-current	1,010	740
Current tax liabilities, current	615	35
Income Taxes [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current tax assets, current	302	309
Current tax assets, non-current	358	369
Current tax liabilities, current	429	221
Financial Compensation For Exploration Of Mineral Resources [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current tax liabilities, current	93	54
Others [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current tax assets, current	11	12
Current tax assets, non-current	1
Current tax liabilities, current	$ 152	$ 114

Taxes (Details Narrative)

Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Additional gain			$ 26
Gains on litigation settlements			145
Other operating expenses, net			67
Other financial items, net			78
Foreign Subsidiary [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reduction of tax losses	$ 1,630	$ 829
Deferred tax liabilities	514	361
Total deferred tax liabilities	2,144	1,190
Amount which are not involved in disputes	3,010	2,592
Expenses Of Interest On Equity Capital [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Amount under discussion	1,367	1,154
Excluding the corresponding tax impact without fines and interests	144	134
Total excluding the corresponding tax impact without fines and interests	1,511	1,288
Proceeding Related To Income Tax Paid Abroad [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Taxes paid	512	439
Goodwill Amortization [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Excluding the corresponding tax impact without fines and interests	66	61
Total excluding the corresponding tax impact without fines and interests	606	578
Administrative amount	540	517
Amount assessed	190	223
Payments To Renova Foundation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Tax assessment	140	24
Excluding the corresponding tax impact without fines and interests	27	5
Total excluding the corresponding tax impact without fines and interests	167	29
Amount not assessed	536	530
Deduction Of C S L L From The Taxable Income [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Taxes payable liability	183	155
Non Incidence Of I R P J And C S L L On S E L I C Rate [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain			$ 34
Uncertainty On Transfer Pricing Over Exportation Of Ores To Foreign Subsidiary [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Tax assessment	5,408	4,223
Tax effect of tax losses	$ 754	$ 564

Basic and diluted earnings (l_3

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net income attributable to Vale's shareholders
Net income from continuing operations	$ 7,983	$ 16,728	$ 24,736
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		2,060	(2,291)
Net income	$ 7,983	$ 18,788	$ 22,445
Thousands of shares
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	4,366,130	4,637,794	5,012,424
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potential ordinary shares	4,369,961	4,642,432	5,016,848
Ordinary shares [member]
Thousands of shares
Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations	$ 1.83	$ 3.61	$ 4.93
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations	1.83	3.61	4.93
Basic earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations		0.44	(0.46)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations		0.44	(0.46)
Basic earnings per share	1.83	4.05	4.47
Diluted earnings per share	$ 1.83	$ 4.05	$ 4.47

Cash flows reconciliation (Deta

Cash flows reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flow from operating activities:
Income before income taxes	$ 11,151	$ 19,781	$ 29,541
Adjusted for:
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures	1,108	(305)	1,271
Impairment (impairment reversal) and results on disposal of non-current assets, net	266	(773)	426
Provisions related to Brumadinho	461	400	201
Provision for de-characterization of dams	153	72	1,725
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	3,070	3,171	3,034
Financial results, net	1,946	(2,268)	(3,119)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	197	(325)	1,029
Inventories	(214)	45	(503)
Suppliers and contractors	637	495	251
Other assets and liabilities, net	(1,523)	(1,531)	(442)
Cash flow from operations	$ 17,252	$ 18,762	$ 33,414

Cash flows reconciliation (De_2

Cash flows reconciliation (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash Flows Reconciliation
Disbursement related to VNC sale			$ (555)
Proceeds from disposal of Mosaic shares			1,259
Cash received from the sale of California Steel Industries		437
Cash received from the sale of Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém	1,082
Cash contribution to Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém	(1,149)
Cash received from the sale of Midwestern System		140
Disbursement related to MRN sale	(72)
Proceeds (payments) from disposal of investments, net	$ (139)	$ 577	$ 704

Cash flows reconciliation (De_3

Cash flows reconciliation (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
December 31, 2022	$ 11,181	$ 12,180
Additions	1,950	1,275
Payments (i)	(658)	(2,300)	$ (1,927)
Interest paid (ii)	(743)	(785)
Cash flow from financing activities	549	(1,810)
Effect of exchange rate	(25)	78
Interest accretion	766	733
Non-cash changes	741	811
December 31, 2023	12,471	11,181	12,180
Quoted In The Secondary Market [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
December 31, 2022	6,497	7,974
Additions	1,500
Payments (i)	(542)	(1,441)
Interest paid (ii)	(454)	(650)
Cash flow from financing activities	504	(2,091)
Effect of exchange rate	19	126
Interest accretion	454	488
Non-cash changes	473	614
December 31, 2023	7,474	6,497	7,974
Debt Contract In Brazil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
December 31, 2022	280	380
Additions
Payments (i)	(50)	(220)
Interest paid (ii)	(24)	(45)
Cash flow from financing activities	(74)	(265)
Effect of exchange rate	20	7
Interest accretion	24	158
Non-cash changes	44	165
December 31, 2023	250	280	380
Debt Contracts On The International Markets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
December 31, 2022	4,404	3,826
Additions	450	1,275
Payments (i)	(66)	(639)
Interest paid (ii)	(265)	(90)
Cash flow from financing activities	119	546
Effect of exchange rate	(64)	(55)
Interest accretion	288	87
Non-cash changes	224	32
December 31, 2023	$ 4,747	$ 4,404	$ 3,826

Cash flows reconciliation (De_4

Cash flows reconciliation (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash Flows Reconciliation
Additions to PP&E - capitalized loans and borrowing costs	$ 19	$ 47	$ 59

Cash flows reconciliation (De_5

Cash flows reconciliation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Aug. 30, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	May 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2023
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contracted two loans									$ 1,950	$ 1,275
Number of notes issued		$ 1,500
Coupon rate		6.125%
sold price		99.117%
Yield to maturity		6.245%
Amount of bond redeemed		$ 500
Premium paid on early redemption of debt security									$ 22
Principal interest debentures											$ 24
Settle infrastructure debentures				$ 170
Purchase of treasury shares						$ 1,291
Repurchase bond premium										$ 113
Line of credit prepaid								$ 200
S O F R [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contracted two loans	$ 150		$ 300		$ 150		$ 200	$ 425

Accounts receivable (Details)

Accounts receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables from contracts with customers
Related parties	$ 89	$ 211
Accounts receivable	4,241	4,362
Expected credit loss	(44)	(43)
Accounts receivable, net	4,197	4,319
Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
Receivables from contracts with customers
Third parties	3,406	3,132
Energy Transition Metals [Member]
Receivables from contracts with customers
Third parties	743	984
All other segments [member]
Receivables from contracts with customers
Third parties	$ 3	$ 35

Accounts receivable (Details 1)

Accounts receivable (Details 1) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Iron Ore [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Thousand metric tons	29,594
Provisional price	139
Variation	10%
Effect on revenue	$ 412
Copper [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Thousand metric tons	95
Provisional price	8,026
Variation	10%
Effect on revenue	$ 76

Inventories (Details)

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finished products
Total finished products	$ 3,097	$ 2,777
Work in progress	567	800
Consumable inventory	1,159	1,010
Net realizable value provision (i)	(139)	(105)
Total of inventories	4,684	4,482
Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
Finished products
Total finished products	2,457	2,126
Energy Transition Metals [Member]
Finished products
Total finished products	$ 640	$ 651

Suppliers and contractors (Deta

Suppliers and contractors (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Related parties	$ 158	$ 171
Total trade and other current payables	5,272	4,461
Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Third parties	3,461	2,691
Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Third parties	$ 1,653	$ 1,599

Suppliers and contractors (De_2

Suppliers and contractors (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Outstanding balance related to transactions	$ 1,438	$ 743
Receivables interest	$ 221	$ 202

Other financial assets and li_4

Other financial assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Financial Assets And Liabilities
Other financial assets, Restricted cash - Non-Current	$ 4	$ 77
Other financial assets, Derivative financial instruments- Current	271	342
Other financial assets, Derivative financial instruments- Non-Current	544	196
Other financial assets, Investments in equity securities - Non- Current	45	7
Total other financial assets - Current	271	342
Total other financial assets - Non-Current	593	280
Other financial liabilities, Derivative financial instruments - Current	36	90
Other financial liabilities, Derivative financial instruments - Non-Current	95	186
Other financial liabilities - Related parties - Current	290	400
Other financial liabilities, Financial guarantees provided - Non-Current		103
Other financial liabilities, Liabilities related to the concession grant - Current	591	416
Other financial liabilities, Liabilities related to the concession grant - Non-Current	3,278	2,554
Other financial liabilities, Contract liability and other advances - Current	759	766
Total other financial liabilities - Current	1,676	1,672
Total other financial liabilities - Non-Current	$ 3,373	$ 2,843

Other financial assets and li_5

Other financial assets and liabilities (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other Provision, beginning	$ 2,970
Revision to estimates and new provisions	774
Monetary and present value adjustments	443
Disbursements	(318)
Other Provision, ending	3,869
Current liabilities	591	$ 416
Non-current liabilities	3,278	2,554
Liabilities	3,869	$ 2,970
Payment Obligation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other Provision, beginning	954
Revision to estimates and new provisions	55
Monetary and present value adjustments	176
Disbursements	(55)
Other Provision, ending	$ 1,130
Discount rate in nominal terms	11.04%	11.04%
Remaining term of obligations	34 years
Liabilities	$ 1,130	$ 954
Infrastructure Investment [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other Provision, beginning	2,016
Revision to estimates and new provisions	719
Monetary and present value adjustments	267
Disbursements	(263)
Other Provision, ending	$ 2,739
Remaining term of obligations	8 years
Liabilities	$ 2,739	$ 2,016
Infrastructure Investment [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Discount rate in nominal terms	5.17%	6.08%
Infrastructure Investment [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Discount rate in nominal terms	5.54%	6.23%

Other financial assets and li_6

Other financial assets and liabilities (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Percentage of annually readjustment index exchange	4.82%	6.47%
Addition to the provision	$ 55
Insurance coverage	236	$ 209
Financial expenses	11	13
Obligation One [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Company provisions	1,584	$ 1,415
Obligation Two [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Company provisions	$ 565

Investments in associates and_4

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 1,798
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	1,872
Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	1,296
Equity results in income statement	101
Dividends received	(143)
Translation adjustment	94
Other	1
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	1,349
Energy Transition Metals [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Transfer to assets held for sale	(13)
Other	13
All other segments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	502
Additions and capitalizations	1
Equity results in income statement	43
Dividends received	(60)
Translation adjustment	41
Other	(4)
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 523
Baovale Mineracao S A [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	50%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 24
Additions and capitalizations
Equity results in income statement	3
Dividends received	(2)
Translation adjustment	2
Transfer to assets held for sale
Other	1
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 28
Companhia Coreano Brasileira De Pelotizacao [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	50%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 80
Equity results in income statement	17
Dividends received	(30)
Translation adjustment	6
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 73
Companhia Hispano Brasileira De Pelotizacao [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	50.89%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 48
Equity results in income statement	16
Dividends received	(18)
Translation adjustment	3
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 49
Companhia Italo Brasileira De Pelotizacao [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	50.90%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 62
Equity results in income statement	16
Dividends received	(20)
Translation adjustment	5
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 63
Companhia Nipo Brasileira De Pelotizacao [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	51%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 145
Equity results in income statement	39
Dividends received	(45)
Translation adjustment	11
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 150
M R S Logisticaa S A [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	48.45%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 509
Equity results in income statement	118
Dividends received	(28)
Translation adjustment	42
Other	(1)
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 640
V L I S A [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	29.60%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 428
Equity results in income statement	(108)
Translation adjustment	25
Other	1
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 346
Samarco Mineracao S A [Member] | Iron Ore Solutions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	50%
P T Kolaka Nickel Indonesia [Member] | Energy Transition Metals [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	18.30%
Transfer to assets held for sale	$ (13)
Other	$ 13
Alianca Geracao De Energia S A [Member] | All other segments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	55%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 340
Equity results in income statement	48
Dividends received	(60)
Translation adjustment	28
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 356
Alianca Norte Energia Participacoes S A [Member] | All other segments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Ownership interest in joint venture (as a percent)	51%
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	$ 106
Equity results in income statement	(8)
Translation adjustment	8
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	106
Other [Member] | All other segments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	56
Additions and capitalizations	1
Equity results in income statement	3
Translation adjustment	5
Other	(4)
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	61
Equity Results In Associates And Joint Ventures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	1,798
Additions and capitalizations	1
Equity results in income statement	144
Dividends received	(203)
Translation adjustment	135
Transfer to assets held for sale	(13)
Other	10
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	1,872
Other Results In Associates And Joint Ventures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity results in income statement	(1,252)
Equity Results And Other Results In Associates And Joint Ventures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures, beginning balance	1,798
Additions and capitalizations	1
Equity results in income statement	(1,108)
Dividends received	(203)
Translation adjustment	135
Transfer to assets held for sale	(13)
Other	10
Investments in associates and joint ventures, ending balance	$ 1,872

Investments in associates and_5

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 18,700	$ 15,526
Non-current assets.	75,486	71,368
Total assets	94,186	86,894
Current liabilities	14,655	13,891
Non-current liabilities	38,550	35,645
Total liabilities	53,205	49,536
Equity	40,981	37,358	$ 35,306	$ 34,821
Net revenue	41,784	43,839	54,502
Net income (loss)	8,105	16,810	$ 24,844
Aliana Gerao De Energia S.a. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	120	140
Non-current assets.	1,064	921
Total assets	1,184	1,061
Current liabilities	171	161
Non-current liabilities	365	282
Total liabilities	536	443
Equity	648	618
Net revenue	230	215
Net income (loss)	88	57
Pelletizing Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	374	497
Non-current assets.	420	328
Total assets	794	825
Current liabilities	133	164
Non-current liabilities	1	1
Total liabilities	134	165
Equity	660	660
Net revenue	194	420
Net income (loss)	172	272
Mrs Logistica SA [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	954	387
Non-current assets.	2,779	2,398
Total assets	3,733	2,785
Current liabilities	704	509
Non-current liabilities	1,709	1,219
Total liabilities	2,413	1,728
Equity	1,320	1,057
Net revenue	1,291	1,083
Net income (loss)	243	169
Vli S.a. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	935	760
Non-current assets.	3,309	3,649
Total assets	4,244	4,409
Current liabilities	933	810
Non-current liabilities	2,143	2,153
Total liabilities	3,076	2,963
Equity	1,168	1,446
Net revenue	1,682	1,376
Net income (loss)	(366)	(29)
Alianca Norte Energia Participacoes SA [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current assets.	210	209
Total assets	210	209
Non-current liabilities	2	1
Total liabilities	2	1
Equity	208	208
Net income (loss)	$ (15)	(13)
Companhia Siderurgica Do Pecem [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets		827
Non-current assets.		2,709
Total assets		3,536
Current liabilities		491
Non-current liabilities		2,450
Total liabilities		2,941
Equity		595
Net revenue		2,399
Net income (loss)		$ 387

Investments in associates and_6

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Details 2)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Mineracoes Brasileiras Reunidas S.a. Mbr [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Companhia Portuaria Da Baia De Sepetiba [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Salobo Metais S. A. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
PTVI [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	44.30%
% Voting capital	44.30%
% Noncontrolling interest	55.70%
Vale Base Metals Limited [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Vale Holdings B V [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Vale Canada Limited [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Vale International S. A. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Vale Malaysia Minerals Sdn. Bhd. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Vale Oman Distribution Center L L C [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%
Vale Oman Pelletizing Company LLC [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
% Ownership	100%
% Voting capital	100%
% Noncontrolling interest	0%

Investments in associates and_7

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current assets.	$ 75,486	$ 71,368
Total assets	94,186	86,894
Non-current liabilities	38,550	35,645
Total liabilities	53,205	49,536
Equity	40,981	37,358	$ 35,306	$ 34,821
Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,520	1,491	834
Net income (loss)	8,105	18,870	22,468
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	122	82	23
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	41	12	30
PTVI [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	885	853	771
Non-current assets.	2,977	2,147	1,875
Related parties - Stockholders	83	113	82
Total assets	3,945	3,113	2,728
Current liabilities	221	183	174
Non-current liabilities	239	249	70
Related parties - Shareholders
Total liabilities	460	432	244
Equity	3,484	2,681	2,484
Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests	1,599	1,492	1,383
Net income (loss)	207	181	198
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	144	101	110
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	33		18
Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(79)	(62)	(21)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(22)	(28)	(10)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	$ 8
Vale Oman Pelletizing Company LLC [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets		84	92
Non-current assets.		581	633
Related parties - Stockholders		81	25
Total assets		746	750
Current liabilities		96	97
Non-current liabilities		149	157
Total liabilities		542	550
Equity		204	200
Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests		61	60
Net income (loss)		29	27
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		9	8
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests			12
Related parties - Stockholders		$ 297	296
Vale Mocambique SA [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets			420
Non-current assets.			195
Related parties - Stockholders			6
Total assets			621
Current liabilities			224
Non-current liabilities			74
Total liabilities			12,370
Equity			(11,749)
Equity (negative reserves) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(587)
Net income (loss)			326
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			(85)
Related parties - Stockholders			$ 12,072

Investments in associates and_8

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments In Associates And Joint Ventures
Capital reduction in foreign subsidiary approved	$ 1,500
Other financial items, net	$ 1,543
Remaining balance of cumulative translation adjustments		$ 4,906

Acquisitions and divestitures -

Acquisitions and divestitures - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, net	$ (56)	$ (2)	$ (75)
Other financial items		65	1,912
Total recycling from OCI		215	1,912
Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets gross		1,111	(211)
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, gross		150
Other financial items, net		3,137	2,336
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, net		150
Total recycling from OCI, net		3,287	2,336
Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets, net		522	(3,493)
Mineracao Rio Do Norte [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, net	(87)
Companhia Siderurgica Do Pecem [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, net	$ 31	(135)
Midwestern System [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other financial items		37
Total recycling from OCI		37
Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets gross		1,121	(78)
California Steel Industries [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, net		142
Total recycling from OCI		150
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, gross		150
Manganese [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets gross		(10)	(35)
Other [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures, net		(9)	(75)
Other financial items		28	9
Total recycling from OCI		28	9
Discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other financial items		3,072	424
Total recycling from OCI		3,072	424
Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets gross		$ (589)	(3,282)
Vale Nouvelle Caldonie S A S [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other financial items			1,132
Total recycling from OCI			1,132
Impairment reversal (impairment) of non-current assets gross			(98)
Vale Shipping [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other financial items			771
Total recycling from OCI			$ 771

Acquisitions and divestitures_3

Acquisitions and divestitures - (Details 1) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 703
Accounts receivable	20
Inventories	80
Taxes	117
Investments	13
Property, plant and equipment	2,792
Intangibles	69
Other assets	139
Total Assets	3,933
Liabilities
Suppliers and contractors	172
Other liabilities	389
Total liabilities	561
Net assets held for sale	$ 3,372

Acquisitions and divestitures_4

Acquisitions and divestitures - (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 22, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Acquired assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ (3,609)	$ (4,736)	$ (11,721)		$ (13,487)
Property, plant and equipment, fair value adjustments	916
Nacala Corridor Holding [Member] | Discontinued operations [member]
Acquired assets
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 172
Inventory, recoverable tax, and other assets				423
Intangibles				2,219
Property, plant, and equipment				1,363
Assumed liabilities				(158)
Net identifiable assets acquired				4,019
Fair value adjustments (i)				(1,590)
Total identifiable net assets at fair value				2,429
Pre-existing relation (Loans receivable from NLC)				859
Loss on pre-existing relation				(771)
Total identifiable net assets at fair value				2,517
Cash consideration				2,517
Cash and cash equivalents				(172)
Net cash outflow				2,345
Property, plant and equipment, fair value adjustments	$ 441
Intangible assets, fair value adjustments				$ 791

Acquisitions and divestitures_5

Acquisitions and divestitures - (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net income from discontinued operations
Net operating revenue	$ 41,784	$ 43,839	$ 54,502
Operating loss	14,205	17,208	27,693
income (loss) before income taxes		2,062	(3,197)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		2,060	(2,376)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			85
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders		2,060	(2,291)
Operating activities
Income (loss) before income taxes	11,151	19,781	29,541
Investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities		(103)	(2,469)
Financing activities
Net cash used by financing activities		(11)	(13)
Discontinued operations [member]
Net income from discontinued operations
Net operating revenue		448	1,083
Cost of goods sold and services rendered		(264)	(1,386)
Operating expenses		(13)	(33)
Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net		(589)	(3,282)
Operating loss		(418)	(3,618)
Cumulative translation adjustments (i)		3,072
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest		(585)
Financial results, net		(7)	447
Equity results in associates and joint ventures			(26)
income (loss) before income taxes		2,062	(3,197)
Income taxes		2	(821)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		2,060	(2,376)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			(85)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vale's shareholders		2,060	(2,291)
Operating activities
Income (loss) before income taxes		2,062	(3,197)
Adjustments:
Equity results in associates and joint ventures			26
Depreciation, amortization and depletion			69
Impairment and results on disposals of non-current assets, net		589	3,282
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest		585
Financial results, net		(3,065)	(447)
Decrease in assets and liabilities		(130)	(49)
Net cash generated (used) by operating activities		41	(316)
Investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment		(38)	(194)
Acquisition of NLC, net of cash			(2,345)
Disposal of coal, net of cash		(65)
Other			70
Net cash used in investing activities		(103)	(2,469)
Financing activities
Payments		(11)	(13)
Net cash used by financing activities		(11)	(13)
Net cash used by discontinued operations		$ (73)	$ (2,798)

Acquisitions and divestitures_6

Acquisitions and divestitures (Details Narrative) shares in Millions, R$ in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended						12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 21, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 22, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 22, 2021 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash contributions							$ 157.5
Equity							40,981	$ 37,358	$ 35,306		$ 34,821
Closing transaction	$ 72
Realized loss during the period							87
Acquired the minority interest							130
Realized gain during the acquisitions							3
Net debt							9,560	7,915
Realized gain recorded on equity results							31
Gain from disposals of non-current assets							1,121
Non-current assets net							214
Property, plant and equipment							916
Working capital adjustments							9
Reclassification adjustments on exchange differences on translation, net of tax			$ 140					4,830	4,749
Gain on exchange differences on translation, net of tax			37
Number of shares sold during investments | shares							34.2
Value of shares received from sale of investments							$ 1,259
Other reserves to retained earnings							522
Vale Shipping Holding [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Recognized gain during the period									771
Vale Nouvelle Caledonie S. A. S. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current assets net								98
Reclassification adjustments on exchange differences on translation, net of tax							1,132
Ferroalloys [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash transferred									25	$ 40
Sale of the assets								11
Impairment loss								10	$ 10
Discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain from disposals of non-current assets								$ 2,511
Arcelor Mittal Brasil S A [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment			111
Accounts receivable			$ 24
Sale of interest		$ 1,082
Net debt		$ 1,149
Vale Mocambique [Member] | Discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Percentage of voting interest acquired					15%
Loss due to negative reserves					$ 331	R$ 1666
Ownership interest in subsidiary (as a percent)					95%	95%
Nacala Corridor Holding [Member] | Discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment							441
Cash transferred					$ 2,517
Percentage of voting interest acquired					50%
Settlement of loans with third parties					$ 2,517
Loss on pre-existing relationship					$ 771
V B M [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity							$ 3,400
Nucor Corporation [Member] | Discontinued operations [member] | California Steel Industries Inc [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Proportion of voting rights held in joint venture							50%
Nucor Corporation [Member] | Discontinued operations [member] | Disposal Of Joint Venture [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash flows from losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses, classified as investing activities							$ 437
Recognized gain during the period							292
Gains on disposals of investments							142
Reclassification due							150
Vulcan Minerals [Member] | Discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Working capital adjustments							589
Reclassification adjustments on exchange differences on translation, net of tax							3,072
Receivable from coal net assets				$ 270
Royalty consideration, term				10 years
Net income from discontinued operations							2,060
Derecognition of noncontrolling interest							$ 585

Intangibles - (Details)

Intangibles - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 10,238	$ 9,011
Additions	1,072	1,126
Disposals	(14)	(13)
Amortization	(292)	(272)
Translation adjustment	696	386
Balance at end of year	11,631	10,238
Transfer to held for sale	(69)
Intangible assets and goodwill	11,631	10,238
Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible assets and goodwill, cost	13,866	12,089
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated amortization	(2,235)	(1,851)
Goodwill [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	3,189	3,208
Translation adjustment	142	(19)
Balance at end of year	3,263	3,189
Transfer to held for sale	(68)
Intangible assets and goodwill	3,263	3,189
Goodwill [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible assets and goodwill, cost	3,263	3,189
Ifrs Concessions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	6,434	5,223
Additions	1,013	1,087
Disposals	(14)	(13)
Amortization	(251)	(229)
Translation adjustment	507	366
Balance at end of year	7,689	6,434
Intangible assets and goodwill	7,689	6,434
Ifrs Concessions [Member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible assets and goodwill, cost	9,394	7,808
Ifrs Concessions [Member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated amortization	(1,705)	(1,374)
Computer software [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	87	86
Additions	53	39
Amortization	(41)	(43)
Translation adjustment	6	5
Balance at end of year	104	87
Transfer to held for sale	(1)
Intangible assets and goodwill	104	87
Computer software [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible assets and goodwill, cost	634	564
Computer software [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated amortization	(530)	(477)
Research And Development Project And Patents [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	528	494
Additions	6
Translation adjustment	41	34
Balance at end of year	575	528
Intangible assets and goodwill	575	528
Research And Development Project And Patents [Member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Intangible assets and goodwill, cost	$ 575	$ 528

Intangibles - (Details 1)

Intangibles - (Details 1)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Ifrs Concessions [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful life	5 years
Ifrs Concessions [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful life	37 years
Research And Development Project And Patents [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful life	19 years
Computer software [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful life	5 years

Property, plant, and equipmen_3

Property, plant, and equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 44,938	$ 41,931
Additions (i)	6,442	5,573
Disposals	(220)	(221)
Assets retirement obligation	324	(562)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(2,842)	(2,669)
Impairment		214
Transfers to assets held for sale	(2,792)	(214)
Translation adjustment	2,546	886
Balance at end of year	48,396	44,938
Balance at end of year	48,396	44,938
Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	81,470	78,341
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(33,074)	(33,403)
Land and buildings [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	8,913	8,137
Disposals	(35)	(22)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(462)	(409)
Impairment		56
Transfers to assets held for sale	(670)	(56)
Translation adjustment	578	308
Transfers	1,795	899
Balance at end of year	10,119	8,913
Balance at end of year	10,119	8,913
Land and buildings [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	17,381	16,027
Land and buildings [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(7,262)	(7,114)
Facilities [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	8,042	7,232
Disposals	(11)	(24)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(517)	(478)
Impairment		34
Transfers to assets held for sale		(34)
Translation adjustment	574	340
Transfers	1,151	972
Balance at end of year	9,239	8,042
Balance at end of year	9,239	8,042
Facilities [Member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	14,858	12,819
Facilities [Member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(5,619)	(4,777)
Machinery [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	4,984	4,743
Disposals	(15)	(19)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(736)	(700)
Impairment		64
Transfers to assets held for sale	(759)	(64)
Translation adjustment	214	102
Transfers	762	858
Balance at end of year	4,450	4,984
Balance at end of year	4,450	4,984
Machinery [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	10,326	11,647
Machinery [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(5,876)	(6,663)
Tangible exploration and evaluation assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	7,112	7,742
Disposals	(7)	(3)
Assets retirement obligation	324	(562)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(446)	(436)
Impairment		39
Transfers to assets held for sale	(791)	(39)
Translation adjustment	286	(131)
Transfers	447	502
Balance at end of year	6,925	7,112
Balance at end of year	6,925	7,112
Tangible exploration and evaluation assets [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	15,663	16,405
Tangible exploration and evaluation assets [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(8,738)	(9,293)
Railway Equipment [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	2,475	2,334
Disposals	(13)	(7)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(168)	(160)
Transfers to assets held for sale	(41)
Translation adjustment	187	159
Transfers	172	149
Balance at end of year	2,612	2,475
Balance at end of year	2,612	2,475
Railway Equipment [Member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	4,435	4,099
Railway Equipment [Member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(1,823)	(1,624)
Right-of-use assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	1,455	1,537
Additions (i)	74	77
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(190)	(185)
Impairment	28
Transfers to assets held for sale	(8)
Translation adjustment		26
Balance at end of year	1,359	1,455
Balance at end of year	1,359	1,455
Right-of-use assets [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	2,208	2,120
Right-of-use assets [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(849)	(665)
Other property, plant and equipment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	2,632	2,484
Disposals	(8)	(2)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	(323)	(301)
Impairment		21
Transfers to assets held for sale	(2)	(21)
Translation adjustment	138	43
Transfers	47	408
Balance at end of year	2,484	2,632
Balance at end of year	2,484	2,632
Other property, plant and equipment [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	5,899
Balance at end of year		5,899
Property, plant and equipment, cost	5,391
Balance at end of year		5,899
Other property, plant and equipment [member] | Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation	(2,907)	(3,267)
Construction in progress [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	9,325	7,722
Additions (i)	6,368	5,496
Disposals	(131)	(144)
Transfers to assets held for sale	(521)
Translation adjustment	541	39
Transfers	(4,374)	(3,788)
Balance at end of year	11,208	9,325
Balance at end of year	11,208	9,325
Construction in progress [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, cost	$ 11,208	$ 9,325

Property, plant, and equipmen_4

Property, plant, and equipment (Details 1)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Buildings [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	3 years
Buildings [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	50 years
Facilities [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	3 years
Facilities [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	50 years
Machinery [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	3 years
Machinery [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	40 years
Wagon [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	30 years
Wagon [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	45 years
Railway Equipment [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	5 years
Railway Equipment [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	37 years
Ships [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	20 years
Ships [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	25 years
Other property, plant and equipment [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	2 years
Other property, plant and equipment [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Useful lives, property plant and equipment	50 years

Impairment reversal (impairme_4

Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Midwestern System [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss		$ 205	$ (78)
Manganese [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss		(10)	(35)
Vale Nouvelle Caledonie S. A. S [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss			(98)
Impairment Reversal Of Noncurrent Assets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss		195	(211)
Onerous Contracts Midwestern System [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss		916	(18)
Result Disposals Non Current Assets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss	(266)	(338)	(197)
Result Disposals Non Current Assets Other Results [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss	(266)	578	(215)
Impairment Reversal Disposals Non Current Assets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Reversal of impairment loss	$ (266)	$ 773	$ (426)

Impairment reversal (impairme_5

Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets (Details 1) t in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) t	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) t
Iron Ore Pellets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Carrying amount | $	$ 1,473	$ 1,367
Impairment testing results	The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized.	The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized.
Measurement of recoverable value	FVLCD	FVLCD
Discount rate	7%	6.40%
Period of cash flow projections	2053	2052
Sensitivity of key assumptions	A 34% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities or a 61% reduction in reserves would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this CGU.	A 29% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities or a 51% reduction in reserves would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this CGU.
Iron Ore Pellets [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Range iron ore forecasted prices	75	75
Iron Ore Pellets [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Range iron ore forecasted prices	98	95
Nickel Operations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Carrying amount | $	$ 1,789	$ 1,822
Impairment testing results	The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized.	The recoverable amount of the operating segments is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognized.
Measurement of recoverable value	FVLCD	FVLCD
Period of cash flow projections	2034-2048	2032-2048
Sensitivity of key assumptions	A 12.5% reduction in the long-term prices of all commodities would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this group of CGUs.	A 23.7% reduction In the long-term prices of all commodities would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this group of CGUs.
Nickel Operations [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Discount rate	5.60%	4.50%
Range iron ore forecasted prices	18,000	21,000
Nickel Operations [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Discount rate	5.90%	5.30%
Range iron ore forecasted prices	23,000	24,000
Research And Development Project [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Carrying amount | $	$ 568	$ 528
Impairment testing results	The recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognised.	The recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is higher than the carrying amount and, therefore, there is no impairment to be recognised.
Measurement of recoverable value	FVLCD	FVLCD
Discount rate	7%	6.40%
Sensitivity of key assumptions	A 7.5% reduction in the prices of all commodities or an 67% reduction in in processing and beneficiating iron ore volumes would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this asset.	A 12.5% reduction in the prices of all commodities or an A 77% reduction in in processing and beneficiating iron ore volumes would, alone, result in estimated recoverable amount equal to the carrying value of this asset.
Beginning of operation and useful life	16 years of useful life considering the beginning of operation in 2025	16 years of useful life considering the beginning of operation in 2025
Research And Development Project [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Range iron ore forecasted prices	80	85
Research And Development Project [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Range iron ore forecasted prices	98	95

Financial and capital risk ma_4

Financial and capital risk management (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	$ 271	$ 342
Liabilities	36	90
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	815	538
Liabilities	131	276
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	763	425
Liabilities	99	214
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	52	113
Liabilities	30	57
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Cdi Tjlp Versus Usd Fixed And Floating Rate Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	109	11
Liabilities	30	144
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Ipca Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Liabilities	41	63
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Dollar Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	650	407
Liabilities		7
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Libor Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	4	7
Liabilities	28
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Bunker Oil Gasoil And Brent [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets	52	78
Liabilities	22	56
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Energy Transition Materials [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets		35
Liabilities	8	1
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Other Options [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets
Liabilities	$ 2	$ 5

Financial and capital risk ma_5

Financial and capital risk management (Details 1) - Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	$ 684	$ 262
Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	664	211
Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	22	56
Cdi Tjlp Versus Usd Fixed And Floating Rate Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	79	(133)
Ipca Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	(41)	(63)
Dollar Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	650	400
Libor Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	(24)	7
Bunker Oil Gasoil And Brent [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	30	22
Energy Transition Materials [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	(8)	34
Other Options [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative Financial Assets Liabilities	$ (2)	$ (5)

Financial and capital risk ma_6

Financial and capital risk management (Details 2) - Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	$ 903	$ 1,154	$ (23)
Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	900	1,130	(159)
Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement		43	125
Cdi Tjlp Versus Usd Fixed And Floating Rate Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	214	394	(155)
Ipca Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	28	74	28
Eurobonds Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement			(28)
Dollar Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	667	628	(20)
Libor Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	(23)	34	16
Treasury Hedge Forward [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	14
Bunker Oil Gasoil And Brent [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	15	25	127
Energy Transition Materials [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	(15)	18	(2)
Other Options [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognized in the income statement	$ 3	$ (19)	$ 11

Financial and capital risk ma_7

Financial and capital risk management (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	$ 567	$ (83)	$ (197)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	476	160	(270)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	6	19	205
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Cdi Tjlp Versus Usd Fixed And Floating Rate Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	(1)	(98)	(142)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Ipca Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	1	56	(18)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Eurobonds Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow			(29)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Dollar Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	454	164	(79)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Libor Swap [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	8	46	(2)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Treasury Hedge Forward [Member] | Foreign Exchange And Interest Rate Risk [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	14	(8)
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Bunker Oil Gasoil And Brent [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	7	9	205
Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Energy Transition Materials [Member] | Commodity price risk [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	(1)	10
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	85	(262)	(132)
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Commodity Contract For Nickel [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	85	(277)	(67)
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Palladium [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow		15	5
Designated As Hedging Instruments [Member] | Coal [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow			$ (70)

Financial and capital risk ma_8

Financial and capital risk management (Details 4) R$ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2022 BRL (R$)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	$ 567	$ (83)	$ (197)
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	107	(83)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	1
Value at risk	$ 20
Receivable | R$				R$ 5162	R$ 6356
Average receivable rate	100%			100%
Payable	$ 1,196	1,475
Average payable rate	2%			2%
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ 23
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	84
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(28)	(50)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	(2)
Value at risk	$ 3
Receivable		814		R$ 694
Average receivable rate	1.06%			1.06%
Payable	$ 173	204
Average payable rate	3.46%			3.46%
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ (3)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(25)
C D I And T J L P [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	79	(133)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	(1)
Value at risk	23
C D I And T J L P [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	20
C D I And T J L P [Member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	59
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(41)	$ (63)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	1
Value at risk	4
Receivable | R$				R$ 1078	R$ 1294
Average receivable rate		4.54%			4.54%
Payable	$ 267	$ 320
Average payable rate	3.88%			3.88%
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ (5)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(36)
I P C A [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(41)	(63)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	1
Value at risk	4
I P C A [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(5)
I P C A [Member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(36)
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	600	$ 318
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	340
Value at risk	40
Receivable | R$				R$ 12660	R$ 20854
Average receivable rate		7.36%			7.36%
Payable	$ 2,431	$ 3,948
Average payable rate	0%			0%
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ 333
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	267
Forward contract [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	50	82
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	114
Value at risk	3
Receivable | R$					R$ 4342
Payable	$ 1,209
Average payable rate	5.19%			5.19%
Forward contract [member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ 39
Forward contract [member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	11
Brazilian Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	650	$ 400
Derivatives settlement cash outflow inflow	454
Value at risk	43
Brazilian Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	372
Brazilian Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate [Member] | Later Than Two Year And There After [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ 278

Financial and capital risk ma_9

Financial and capital risk management (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	$ 107	$ (83)
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	107
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(189)
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(485)
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	107
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	74
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	38
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	107
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	80
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	52
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Brazilian Interbank Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(28)	(50)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(28)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(68)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(109)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(28)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(32)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(37)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(28)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(34)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(40)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Tjlp Interest Rate Decrease [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(28)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Tjlp Interest Rate Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(32)
Long Term Interest Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Tjlp Interest Rate Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(37)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(41)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(106)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(171)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(41)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(47)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(55)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(41)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(51)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(61)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Ipca Index Decrease [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(41)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Ipca Index Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(45)
Ndice Nacional De Preos Ao Consumidor Amplo Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap Membe [Member] | Risk Ipca Index Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(50)
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	600	318
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	600
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	31
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(538)
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	600
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	564
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	526
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	600
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	525
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	453
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Brazilian Real Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Forward contract [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	50	$ 82
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	50
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(49)
Forward contract [member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	50
Forward contract [member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	48
Forward contract [member] | Risk U S Interest Rate Inside Brazil Decrease [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	46
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	50
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	46
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Interest Rate Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	43
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Forward contract [member] | Risk Brazilian Real Depreciation 1 [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities

Financial and capital risk m_10

Financial and capital risk management (Details 6) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow (inflow)	$ 567	$ (83)	$ (197)
Euro Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities		7
Derivatives settlement cash outflow (inflow)	4
Derivatives settlement cash outflow (inflow)
Derivative assets, notional amount		150
Derivative receivable interest rate	0%
Derivative liabilities, notional amount		150
Derivative payable interest rate	0%
Euro Fixed Rate Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities
S O F R Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(24)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow (inflow)	4
Derivatives settlement cash outflow (inflow)	10
Derivative assets, notional amount	2,300
Derivative liabilities, notional amount	$ 2,300
Derivative payable interest rate	3.60%
S O F R Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ 4
S O F R Versus U S Fixed Rate Swap [Member] | Later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ (28)

Financial and capital risk m_11

Financial and capital risk management (Details 7) - Risk U S Libor Decrease [Member] $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
U S Floating Rate Versus U S Fixed Swap Rate [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	$ (25)
U S Floating Rate Versus U S Fixed Swap Rate [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(67)
U S Floating Rate Versus U S Fixed Swap Rate [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(111)
Protected Item Libor U S Indexed Debt [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	67
Protected Item Libor U S Indexed Debt [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	$ 111

Financial and capital risk m_12

Financial and capital risk management (Details 8) - Treasury Hedge Forward [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Protection notional amount
Protection fair value
Protection financial settlement inflows	14
Protection value at risk
Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Protection fair value

Financial and capital risk m_13

Financial and capital risk management (Details 9) bbl in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) bbl	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) bbl	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	$ 567	$ (83)	$ (197)
Bunker Oil Call Options Bought [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Notional amount per barrel | bbl	19,907,250	22,600,500
Average strike per ton	91
Fair value of liabilities	$ 45	$ 74
Value at risk	11
Bunker Oil Call Options Bought [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	$ 45
Bunker Oil Put Options Sold [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Notional amount per barrel | bbl	19,907,250	22,600,500
Average strike per ton	58
Fair value of liabilities	$ (22)	$ (51)
Value at risk	5
Bunker Oil Put Options Sold [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	$ (22)
Bunker Oil Forwards Contract Bought [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Notional amount per barrel | bbl	1,210	2,085
Average strike per ton	14,248
Fair value of liabilities	$ 7	$ (1)
Value at risk	1
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	7
Bunker Oil Forwards Contract Bought [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	7
Forward Freight [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	30	$ 22
Value at risk	17
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	7
Forward Freight [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	$ 30

Financial and capital risk m_14

Financial and capital risk management (Details 10) - Risk Bunker Oil Price Decrease [Member] $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Bunker Crude Oil Options [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	$ 23
Bunker Crude Oil Options [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(111)
Bunker Crude Oil Options [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(399)
Protected Item Part Of Costs Linked To Fuel Oil Prices [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	111
Protected Item Part Of Costs Linked To Fuel Oil Prices [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	399
Forwards Frieght [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	7
Forwards Frieght [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	1
Forwards Frieght [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(5)
Protected Item Part Of Costs Linked To Bunker Oil Prices [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(1)
Protected Item Part Of Costs Linked To Bunker Oil Prices [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	$ 5

Financial and capital risk m_15

Financial and capital risk management (Details 11) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	$ 567	$ (83)	$ (197)
Fixed Price Sales Protection Nickel Forwards Bought [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Nominal amount of hedging instrument	3,322	766
Average strike per ton	19,207
Fair value of liabilities	$ (8)	$ 7
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	(3)
Value at risk	3
Fixed Price Sales Protection Nickel Forwards Bought [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	(8)
Hedge Program For Products Acquisition For Resale Nickel Forwards Sold [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Nominal amount of hedging instrument		384
Fair value of liabilities		$ (1)
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	2
Nickel Forwards [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(8)	$ 6
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	(1)
Value at risk	3
Nickel Forwards [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	$ (8)
Embedded Call Options Sold [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Nominal amount of hedging instrument	746,667	746,667
Average strike per ton	233
Fair value of liabilities	$ (2)	$ (5)
Value at risk	2
Embedded Call Options Sold [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	(2)
Call Options [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(2)	$ (5)
Value at risk	2
Call Options [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Value at risk	$ (2)

Financial and capital risk m_16

Financial and capital risk management (Details 12) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fixed Price Sales Protection Forwards [Member] | Risk Nickel Price Increase [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	$ (8)
Fixed Price Sales Protection Forwards [Member] | Risk Nickel Price Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(21)
Fixed Price Sales Protection Forwards [Member] | Risk Nickel Price Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(35)
Protected Item Part Of Nickel Revenues With Fixed Prices [Member] | Risk Nickel Price Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	21
Protected Item Part Of Nickel Revenues With Fixed Prices [Member] | Risk Nickel Price Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	35
Embedded Derivatives Gas Purchase [Member] | Risk Pellet Price Increase [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(2)
Embedded Derivatives Gas Purchase [Member] | Risk Pellet Price Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	(6)
Embedded Derivatives Gas Purchase [Member] | Risk Pellet Price Increase [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities	$ (13)

Financial and capital risk m_17

Financial and capital risk management (Details 13) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Investments Hedge [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognised in other comprehensive income	$ 139	$ 81	$ (118)
Cash Flow Hedge Nickel And Palladium [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gain (loss) recognised in other comprehensive income	$ (19)	$ 19	$ 3

Financial and capital risk m_18

Financial and capital risk management (Details 14) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	$ 567	$ (83)	$ (197)
Forward [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities		28
Nickel Revenue Hedge Program [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities		$ 28
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	85
Nickel Revenue Hedge Program [Member] | Forward [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Derivatives settlement cash outflow	$ 85

Financial and capital risk m_19

Financial and capital risk management (Details 15) - Risk Nickel Price Increase [Member]	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Nickel Revenue Hedging Program [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Nickel Revenue Hedging Program [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Nickel Revenue Hedging Program [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Part Of Nickel Revenues With Fixed Sales Prices [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario I [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities
Part Of Nickel Revenues With Fixed Sales Prices [Member] | Sensitivity Scenario Ii [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Fair value of liabilities

Financial and capital risk m_20

Financial and capital risk management (Details 16) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	$ 4,524	$ 6,634
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	3,609	4,736
Short Term Investment [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	51	61
Restricted Cash [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	4	77
Judicial Deposits [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets		1,215
Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	815	538
Investments In Equity Securities Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	$ 45	$ 7

Financial and capital risk m_21

Financial and capital risk management (Details 17) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	$ 3,660	$ 4,797
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Aa1 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure		32
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Aa2 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	338	342
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Aa3 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	42	239
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, A1 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	2,022	1,746
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, A2 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	309	938
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, A3 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	186	918
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Baa1 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	2
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Baa2 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	16	7
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Ba1 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	85
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Ba2 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	287	411
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member] | Moody's, Ba3 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	373	164
Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	815	538
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, Aa2 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure		5
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, Aa3 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, A1 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	50	97
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, A2 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	293	145
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, A3 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	22	63
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, Ba1 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, Ba2 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	314	174
Derivatives [member] | Moody's, Ba3 Rating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Credit exposure	$ 136	$ 54

Financial assets and liabilit_4

Financial assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	$ 8,128	$ 9,458
Total non-current financial assets	1,391	1,495
Total financial assets		10,953
Total financial assets	4,524	6,634
Current financial liabilities	7,969	6,622
Non-current financial liabilities	19,149	17,791
Financial liabilities	27,118	24,413
Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	3,609	4,736
Total financial assets	3,609	4,736
Short Term Investment [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	51	61
Total financial assets	51	61
Derivative Financial Assets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	271	342
Total non-current financial assets	544	196
Accounts Receivable Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	4,197	4,319
Judicial Deposits [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total non-current financial assets	798	1,215
Total financial assets		1,215
Restricted Cash [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total non-current financial assets	4	77
Total financial assets	4	77
Investments In Equity Securities Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total non-current financial assets	45	7
Total financial assets	45	7
Suppliers And Contractors Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	5,272	4,461
Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total financial assets	815	538
Current financial liabilities	36	90
Non-current financial liabilities	95	186
Loans And Borrowings Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	824	307
Non-current financial liabilities	11,647	10,874
Leases [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	197	182
Non-current financial liabilities	1,255	1,349
Government Grant [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	591	416
Non-current financial liabilities	3,278	2,554
Other Financial Liabilities [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	290	400
Contract Liability [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	759	766
Participative Stockholders Debentures Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current financial liabilities	2,874	2,725
Financial Guarantees [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current financial liabilities		103
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	3,971	5,274
Total non-current financial assets	802	1,292
Total financial assets	4,773	6,566
Current financial liabilities	7,933	6,532
Non-current financial liabilities	16,180	14,777
Financial liabilities	24,113	21,309
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Cash And Cash Equivalents Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	3,609	4,736
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Accounts Receivable Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	362	538
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Judicial Deposits [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total non-current financial assets	798	1,215
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Restricted Cash [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total non-current financial assets	4	77
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Suppliers And Contractors Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	5,272	4,461
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Loans And Borrowings Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	824	307
Non-current financial liabilities	11,647	10,874
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Leases [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	197	182
Non-current financial liabilities	1,255	1,349
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Government Grant [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	591	416
Non-current financial liabilities	3,278	2,554
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Other Financial Liabilities [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	290	400
Loans And Receivables Or Amortized Cost [Member] | Contract Liability [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	759	766
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, category [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	4,157	4,184
Total non-current financial assets	544	196
Total financial assets	4,701	4,380
Total financial assets	9,519
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, category [member] | Short Term Investment [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	51	61
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, category [member] | Derivative Financial Assets [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	271	342
Total non-current financial assets	544	196
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, category [member] | Accounts Receivable Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total current financial assets	3,835	3,781
Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, category [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total non-current financial assets	45	7
Total financial assets	45	7
Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, category [member] | Investments In Equity Securities Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Total non-current financial assets	45	7
Financial Liabilities At Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss Category Membe [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	36	90
Non-current financial liabilities	2,969	3,014
Financial liabilities	3,005	3,104
Financial Liabilities At Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss Category Membe [Member] | Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current financial liabilities	36	90
Non-current financial liabilities	95	186
Financial Liabilities At Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss Category Membe [Member] | Participative Stockholders Debentures Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current financial liabilities	$ 2,874	2,725
Financial Liabilities At Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss Category Membe [Member] | Financial Guarantees [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current financial liabilities		$ 103

Financial assets and liabilit_5

Financial assets and liabilities (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	$ 4,746	$ 4,387
Financial liabilities	3,005	3,104
Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial liabilities	131	276
Participative Stockholders Debentures Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial liabilities	2,874	2,725
Financial Guarantees [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial liabilities		103
Shorts Term Investments [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	51	61
Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	815	538
Accounts Receivable Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	3,835	3,781
Investments In Equity Securities Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	45	7
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	51	61
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Shorts Term Investments [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	51	61
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	4,695	4,326
Financial liabilities	3,005	3,104
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial liabilities	131	276
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Participative Stockholders Debentures Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial liabilities	2,874	2,725
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Financial Guarantees [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial liabilities		103
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Derivatives [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	815	538
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Accounts Receivable Current [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	3,835	3,781
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Investments In Equity Securities Noncurrent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial assets	$ 45	$ 7

Financial assets and liabilit_6

Financial assets and liabilities (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	$ 12,471	$ 11,181
Gross carrying amount [member] | United States of America, Dollars
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	4,504	4,304
Gross carrying amount [member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	9	9
Gross carrying amount [member] | Tjlp Tr Ipca Igp M And Cdi [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	250	280
Gross carrying amount [member] | Fixed interest rate [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing		2
Gross carrying amount [member] | Fixed interest rate [member] | Currencies Other Than U S Dollar And Brazilian Real [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	81	90
Gross carrying amount [member] | Basket Of Currencies And Usd L I B O R [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	153
Gross carrying amount [member] | Bond [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	7,253	6,256
Gross carrying amount [member] | Debentures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	221	240
At fair value [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	13,079	11,249
At fair value [member] | United States of America, Dollars
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	4,950	4,391
At fair value [member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	9	9
At fair value [member] | Tjlp Tr Ipca Igp M And Cdi [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	250	278
At fair value [member] | Fixed interest rate [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing		2
At fair value [member] | Fixed interest rate [member] | Currencies Other Than U S Dollar And Brazilian Real [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	85	91
At fair value [member] | Basket Of Currencies And Usd L I B O R [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	168
At fair value [member] | Bond [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	7,404	6,253
At fair value [member] | Debentures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loans and financing	$ 213	$ 225

Impairment reversal (impairme_6

Impairment reversal (impairment and disposals) of non-current assets (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Working capital adjustments	$ 9
Midwestern System [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Gains (losses) recognised when control of subsidiary is lost		$ 1,121
Reversal impairment of property plant and equipment		214
Impairment of property plant and equipment		916
Working capital adjustments	9
Manganese [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Impairment loss	$ 10	$ 35
V N C [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Impairment loss			$ 98

Participative shareholders' deb

Participative shareholders' debentures (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 R$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 R$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 R$ / shares
Participative Shareholders Debentures
Average Price Per Debenture | R$ / shares		R$ 35.80		R$ 36.59		R$ 49.10
Financial results	$ (179)		$ 659		$ (716)
Liability related to debenture	$ 2,874		$ 2,725		$ 3,419

Participative shareholders' d_2

Participative shareholders' debentures (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended						12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Participative Shareholders Debentures
Remuneration date	Oct. 02, 2023	Apr. 03, 2023	Oct. 03, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022	Oct. 01, 2021	Apr. 01, 2021
Remuneration paid to the participative stockholders debentures	$ 106	$ 127	$ 137	$ 234	$ 225	$ 193	$ 233	$ 371	$ 418

Participative shareholders_ d_4

Participative shareholders’ debentures (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
Participative Shareholders Debentures
Number of debentures issued	388,559,056

Loans, borrowings, cash and c_4

Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Loans and borrowings	$ 12,471	$ 11,181
Leases	1,452	1,531
Gross debt	13,923	12,712
Cash and cash equivalents	3,609	4,736	$ 11,721	$ 13,487
Short-term investments	51	61
Net Cash PTVI	703
Net debt	$ 9,560	$ 7,915

Loans, borrowings, cash and c_5

Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,609	$ 4,736	$ 11,721	$ 13,487
Country Of Brazil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	953	1,770
Country Of U S [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	2,516	2,798
Other Curriencies [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	140	168
Total Curriencies [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,609	$ 4,736

Loans, borrowings, cash and c_6

Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 11,647	$ 10,874
Current borrowings. gross	824	307
Accrued charges	$ 167	147
Quoted In Secondary Market [Member] | Bond [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Borrowings, interest rate	6.02%
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 7,157	6,157
Quoted In Secondary Market [Member] | Debentures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Borrowings, interest rate	10.17%
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 119	186
Current borrowings. gross	$ 96	47
Debt Contract Brazil [Member] | Tjlp Tr Ipca Igp M And Cdi [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Borrowings, interest rate	10.12%
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 200	232
Current borrowings. gross	$ 49	46
Debt Contract Brazil [Member] | Fixed interest rate [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current borrowings. gross		2
Debt Contract Brazil [Member] | S O F R [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Borrowings, interest rate	6.80%
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 150
Debt Contracts International Markets [Member] | Fixed interest rate [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Borrowings, interest rate	3.87%
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 67	78
Current borrowings. gross	$ 12	11
Debt Contracts International Markets [Member] | Currencieswith Variable And Fixed Interest [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Borrowings, interest rate	5.59%
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 3,945	4,212
Current borrowings. gross	$ 500	54
Debt Contracts International Markets [Member] | Other Currencies With Variable Interest [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Borrowings, interest rate	4.12%
Non-current portion of non-current borrowings. gross	$ 9	$ 9

Loans, borrowings, cash and c_7

Loans, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (Details 3) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal	$ 12,304
Estimated future interest payments	6,602
2024
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal	657
Estimated future interest payments	779
2025
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal	451
Estimated future interest payments	752
2026
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal	572
Estimated future interest payments	724
2027
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal	1,700
Estimated future interest payments	625
Between 2028 and 2030
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal	3,274
Estimated future interest payments	1,540
2031 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Principal	5,650
Estimated future interest payments	$ 2,182

Leases (Details)

Leases (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Right of use, beginning	$ 1,455
Additions and contact modifications	74
Depreciation	(190)
Translation adjustment	28
Right of use, ending	1,359
Transfer to asset held for sale	(8)
Ports [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Right of use, beginning	657
Additions and contact modifications	24
Depreciation	(59)
Translation adjustment	6
Right of use, ending	628
Vessels [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Right of use, beginning	453
Additions and contact modifications	4
Depreciation	(42)
Right of use, ending	415
Pelletizing Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Right of use, beginning	204
Additions and contact modifications	24
Depreciation	(51)
Translation adjustment	16
Right of use, ending	193
Properties [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Right of use, beginning	87
Additions and contact modifications	12
Depreciation	(25)
Translation adjustment	6
Right of use, ending	80
Energy Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Right of use, beginning	39
Additions and contact modifications
Depreciation	(5)
Right of use, ending	34
Mning Equipment And Locomotives [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Right of use, beginning	15
Additions and contact modifications	10
Depreciation	(8)
Right of use, ending	9
Transfer to asset held for sale	$ (8)

Leases (Details 1)

Leases (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Lease liabilities, beginning	$ 1,531
Additions and contact modifications	74
Payment	(233)
Interest	62
Translation adjustment	27
Lease liabilities, ending	1,452
Transfer to held for sale	(9)
Current liabilities	14,655	$ 13,891
Non-current liabilities	38,550	35,645
Lease liabilities	1,452	1,531
Lease liabilities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current liabilities	197	182
Non-current liabilities	1,255	$ 1,349
Ports [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Lease liabilities, beginning	690
Additions and contact modifications	24
Payment	(66)
Interest	31
Translation adjustment	3
Lease liabilities, ending	682
Vessels [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Lease liabilities, beginning	441
Additions and contact modifications	4
Payment	(63)
Interest	15
Translation adjustment
Lease liabilities, ending	397
Pelletizing Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Lease liabilities, beginning	222
Additions and contact modifications	24
Payment	(64)
Interest	9
Translation adjustment	16
Lease liabilities, ending	207
Properties [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Lease liabilities, beginning	105
Additions and contact modifications	12
Payment	(27)
Interest	4
Translation adjustment	8
Lease liabilities, ending	102
Energy Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Lease liabilities, beginning	52
Additions and contact modifications
Payment	(6)
Interest	3
Translation adjustment
Lease liabilities, ending	49
Mning Equipment And Locomotives [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Lease liabilities, beginning	21
Additions and contact modifications	10
Payment	(7)
Interest
Lease liabilities, ending	15
Transfer to held for sale	$ (9)

Leases (Details 2)

Leases (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 1,957
Discount rate	8.90%	9.51%
Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 236
Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	210
Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	151
Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	132
2027 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	1,228
Ports [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 975
Ports [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	3 years
Discount rate	4%
Ports [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	20 years
Discount rate	5%
Ports [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 70
Ports [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	69
Ports [Member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	56
Ports [Member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	43
Ports [Member] | 2027 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	737
Ships [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 518
Ships [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	2 years
Discount rate	3%
Ships [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	10 years
Discount rate	4%
Ships [member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 60
Ships [member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	59
Ships [member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	54
Ships [member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	53
Ships [member] | 2027 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	292
Pellets plants
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 259
Pellets plants | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	1 year
Discount rate	2%
Pellets plants | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	10 years
Discount rate	6%
Pellets plants | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 60
Pellets plants | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	50
Pellets plants | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	17
Pellets plants | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	17
Pellets plants | 2027 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	115
Properties [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 114
Properties [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	1 year
Discount rate	2%
Properties [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	10 years
Discount rate	6%
Properties [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 28
Properties [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	18
Properties [Member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	16
Properties [Member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	14
Properties [Member] | 2027 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	38
Energy Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 77
Energy Plants [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	1 year
Discount rate	5%
Energy Plants [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	7 years
Discount rate	6%
Energy Plants [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 10
Energy Plants [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	10
Energy Plants [Member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	6
Energy Plants [Member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	5
Energy Plants [Member] | 2027 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	46
Mining Equipment [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 14
Mining Equipment [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	1 year
Discount rate	3%
Mining Equipment [Member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Average Remaining Term	5 years
Discount rate	6%
Mining Equipment [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	$ 8
Mining Equipment [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	4
Mining Equipment [Member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments	2
Mining Equipment [Member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments
Mining Equipment [Member] | 2027 onwards
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Annual minimum payments

Brumadinho dam failure (Details

Brumadinho dam failure (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	$ 3,312
Revision to estimates and new provisions	476
Monetary and present value adjustments	363
Disbursements	(1,330)
Translation adjustment	239
Balance at the ending	3,060
Judicial Settlement For Brumadinho [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	2,526
Revision to estimates and new provisions	39
Monetary and present value adjustments	258
Disbursements	(1,004)
Translation adjustment	178
Balance at the ending	1,997
Judicial Settlement For Brumadinho [Member] | Payment Obligations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	882
Revision to estimates and new provisions	34
Monetary and present value adjustments	79
Disbursements	(495)
Translation adjustment	62
Balance at the ending	562
Judicial Settlement For Brumadinho [Member] | Provision For Socio Economic Reparation And Others [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	867
Revision to estimates and new provisions	(4)
Monetary and present value adjustments	97
Disbursements	(423)
Translation adjustment	55
Balance at the ending	592
Judicial Settlement For Brumadinho [Member] | Provision For Social And Environmental Reparation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	777
Revision to estimates and new provisions	9
Monetary and present value adjustments	82
Disbursements	(86)
Translation adjustment	61
Balance at the ending	843
Other Obligations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	786
Revision to estimates and new provisions	437
Monetary and present value adjustments	105
Disbursements	(326)
Translation adjustment	61
Balance at the ending	1,063
Other Obligations [Member] | Tailings Containment And Geotechnical Safety [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	559
Revision to estimates and new provisions	200
Monetary and present value adjustments	58
Disbursements	(175)
Translation adjustment	42
Balance at the ending	684
Other Obligations [Member] | Individual Indemnification [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	45
Revision to estimates and new provisions	104
Monetary and present value adjustments	9
Disbursements	(78)
Translation adjustment	3
Balance at the ending	83
Other Obligations [Member] | Other Commitments [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	182
Revision to estimates and new provisions	133
Monetary and present value adjustments	38
Disbursements	(73)
Translation adjustment	16
Balance at the ending	$ 296

Brumadinho dam failure (Detai_2

Brumadinho dam failure (Details Narrative) $ in Thousands, R$ in Millions	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2022 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 BRL (R$)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Present value at nominal rate			8.36%		9.08%
Other operating expenses, net			$ 499,000		$ 626,000	$ 650,000
Provision related to other obligations			200,000		303,000
Fine amount paid	$ 18,000	R$ 86	18,000	R$ 86
Compensation paid on damages						$ 200	R$ 1
Litigation settlement paid			$ 56,000
Description of alleged losses			the Claimants initially estimated the amount of the alleged losses would be approximately US$359 (R$1,800 million). In another proceeding filed by foreign funds, the Claimants initially estimated the amount of the alleged losses would be approximately US$779 (R$3,900 million).	the Claimants initially estimated the amount of the alleged losses would be approximately US$359 (R$1,800 million). In another proceeding filed by foreign funds, the Claimants initially estimated the amount of the alleged losses would be approximately US$779 (R$3,900 million).
Potential loss			$ 94,000		132,000
Insurance received			$ 30,000		$ 6,000
Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Obligations for an average period			5 years	5 years
Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Obligations for an average period			7 years	7 years

Liabilities related to associ_4

Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Liabilities Related To Associates And Joint Ventures
Changes on the provision, Beginning balance	$ 3,321
Addition to the provision due to change in estimates	1,200
Monetary and present value adjustments	198
Disbursements	(553)
Translation adjustments	261
Changes on the provision, Ending balance	$ 4,427

Liabilities related to associ_5

Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 18,700	$ 15,526
Non current assets	75,486	71,368
Total assets	94,186	86,894
Current liabilities	14,655	13,891
Non current liabilities	38,550	35,645
Total liabilities	53,205	49,536
Net income (loss) for the year ended	8,105	18,870	$ 22,468
Samarco [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current assets	532	454
Non current assets	3,590	2,748
Total assets	4,122	3,202
Current liabilities	3,342	10,808
Non current liabilities	12,179	7,401
Total liabilities	15,521	18,209
Negative reserves	(11,399)	(15,007)
Net income (loss) for the year ended	$ 2,669	$ 11

Liabilities related to associ_6

Liabilities related to associates and joint ventures (Details Narrative) R$ in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)
Liabilities Related To Associates And Joint Ventures
Financial debt held by creditors			$ 4,800
Long-term unsecured debt			3,900
Fund of reparation and compensation programs			1,000
Interest and monetary adjustments			31,000	R$ 155000
Judicial deposits							$ 2,100	R$ 10300
Additional provisions related to environment			$ 1,200
Discounted rate			8.90%	8.90%	9.51%
Federal tax and social security debts	$ 2,300	R$ 11000
Deferred income tax asset over the provision			$ 1,078
Capitalization of expenses			$ 703	R$ 3404
Gain on equity results and other results in associates and joint ventures						$ 33

Provision for de-characteriza_4

Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	$ 3,312
Disbursements	(273)	$ (127)
Translation adjustment	239
Balance at the ending	3,060	3,312
De Characterization Of Upstream Dams [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	3,299	3,464
Additional provision	153	72
Disbursements	(458)	(347)
Present value valuation	199	(139)
Translation adjustment	258	249
Balance at the ending	$ 3,451	$ 3,299

Provision for de-characteriza_5

Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	$ 3,060	$ 3,312
Total other provisions	4,279	3,882
Provision For Decommissioning Restoration And Rehabilitation Costs And Environmental Provisions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	4,279	3,882
Provision For Decommissioning Restoration And Rehabilitation Costs And Environmental Provisions [Member] | Country Of Brazil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	$ 2,415	$ 1,863
Discount rate	5.47%	6.20%
Cash flow maturity	$ 2,132	$ 2,096
Provision For Decommissioning Restoration And Rehabilitation Costs And Environmental Provisions [Member] | Country Of Canada [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	$ 1,592	$ 1,683
Discount rate	1.30%	1.11%
Cash flow maturity	$ 2,150	$ 2,151
Provision For Decommissioning Restoration And Rehabilitation Costs And Environmental Provisions [Member] | Country Of Oman [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	$ 158	$ 114
Discount rate	3.19%	3.90%
Cash flow maturity	$ 2,035	$ 2,035
Provision For Decommissioning Restoration And Rehabilitation Costs And Environmental Provisions [Member] | Country Of Indonesia [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions		$ 73
Discount rate		4.33%
Cash flow maturity		$ 2,061
Provision For Decommissioning Restoration And Rehabilitation Costs And Environmental Provisions [Member] | Other Regions [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	$ 114	$ 149
Discount rate	2.04%	1.92%
Operating Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	$ 3,155	$ 2,971
Closed Plants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Other provisions	$ 1,124	$ 911

Provision for de-characteriza_6

Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	$ 3,882	$ 4,639
Disbursements	(273)	(127)
Revision to estimates and new provisions	425	(638)
Transfer to assets held for sale	(84)	(51)
Monetary and present value adjustments	143	85
Translation adjustment	186	(26)
Balance at the end	4,279	3,882
Provision for decommissioning, restoration and rehabilitation costs [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	3,545	4,342
Disbursements	(172)	(101)
Revision to estimates and new provisions	206	(684)
Transfer to assets held for sale	(84)	(49)
Monetary and present value adjustments	126	78
Translation adjustment	158	(41)
Balance at the end	3,779	3,545
Other environment related provision [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	337	297
Disbursements	(101)	(26)
Revision to estimates and new provisions	219	46
Transfer to assets held for sale		(2)
Monetary and present value adjustments	17	7
Translation adjustment	28	15
Balance at the end	$ 500	$ 337

Provision for de-characteriza_7

Provision for de-characterization of dam structures and asset retirement obligations (Details Narrative) R$ in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2022 BRL (R$)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Additional provision for investments	$ 37
Financial guarantees and insurance		$ 370	R$ 1800
Project term		15 years	15 years
Other liabilities		$ 108		$ 96		R$ 527	R$ 500
Additional provisions				57			R$ 292
Losses in relation to the operational stoppage		$ 218		$ 269	$ 376
Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Present value at a rate		6.14%	6.14%
Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Present value at a rate		5.41%	5.41%

Legal proceedings (Details)

Legal proceedings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	$ 3,312
Payments	(1,330)
Translation adjustment	239
Transfer to payable taxes	(84)	$ (51)
Balance at the ending	3,060	3,312
Tax Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	576	456
Additions and reversals, net	(8)	40
Payments	(4)	(40)
Indexation and interest	90	89
Transfer to held for sale		(1)
Translation adjustment	47	32
Transfer to payable taxes	(611)
Balance at the ending	90	576
Civil Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	291	284
Additions and reversals, net	70	38
Payments	(43)	(67)
Indexation and interest	39	26
Transfer to held for sale		(7)
Translation adjustment	23	17
Balance at the ending	380	291
Labor Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	411	358
Additions and reversals, net	167	67
Payments	(93)	(56)
Indexation and interest	(5)	19
Transfer to held for sale		(2)
Translation adjustment	34	25
Balance at the ending	514	411
Environmental Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	14	7
Additions and reversals, net		8
Payments	(7)	(1)
Indexation and interest	7
Translation adjustment	1
Balance at the ending	15	14
Legal proceedings provision [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at the beginning	1,292	1,105
Additions and reversals, net	229	153
Payments	(147)	(164)
Indexation and interest	131	134
Transfer to held for sale		(10)
Translation adjustment	105	74
Transfer to payable taxes	(611)
Balance at the ending	$ 999	$ 1,292

Legal proceedings (Details 1)

Legal proceedings (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Tax Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contingent liabilities	$ 7,235	$ 6,590
Civil Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contingent liabilities	1,366	1,270
Labor Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contingent liabilities	378	569
Environmental Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contingent liabilities	1,320	1,102
Legal proceedings provision [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Contingent liabilities	$ 10,299	$ 9,531

Legal proceedings (Details 2)

Legal proceedings (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Judicial deposits, non-current	$ 798	$ 1,215
Tax Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Judicial deposits, non-current	516	945
Civil Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Judicial deposits, non-current	122	123
Labor Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Judicial deposits, non-current	148	134
Environmental Litigation [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Judicial deposits, non-current	12	13
Legal proceedings provision [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Judicial deposits, non-current	$ 798	$ 1,215

Legal proceedings (Details Narr

Legal proceedings (Details Narrative) R$ in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 BRL (R$)	Aug. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2020 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 BRL (R$)
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Indemnification payment	$ 122	R$ 590			$ 2	R$ 10
Claim amount received			$ 55	R$ 301
Gain on other assets					48
Guarantee Obligations, Bank Guarantee					2,700		$ 2,300
Cfem Related Proceedings [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated Loss on Legal Proceedings					2,132	10,320	1,831	R$ 9555
Assessments And Legal Proceedings Related To Pis Cofins [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated Loss on Legal Proceedings					2,198	10,640	1,720	8,975
Tax On Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated Loss on Legal Proceedings					738	3,573	626	3,268
Assessments And Legal Proceedings Related To Tax On Services [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated Loss on Legal Proceedings					586	2,835	558	2,910
Tax Proceedings Fines Arising From Offsets Not Approved For Settlement Of Federal Debts [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Estimated Loss on Legal Proceedings					626	3,032	524	2,735
Environmental Litigations Iron Ore Operations In Itabira [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Loss contingency damages sought value					$ 524	R$ 2538	$ 431	R$ 2249

Employee benefits (Details)

Employee benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current liabilities	$ 964	$ 930
Non-current liabilities	1,381	1,260
Payroll Related Charges And Other Remunerations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current liabilities	867	831
Share Based Payment [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current liabilities	27	33
Employee Postretirement Obligation Provision [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current liabilities	70	66
Non-current liabilities	$ 1,381	$ 1,260

Employee benefits (Details 1)

Employee benefits (Details 1) - Common Share Unit Program [Member]	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Shares Granted Measurement Input [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Measurement unit	1,330,503	1,437,588
Shares Granted Share Price [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Measurement unit	15.94	20.03

Employee benefits (Details 2)

Employee benefits (Details 2) - Performance Share Unit Program [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
Shares Granted Measurement Input [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Measurement unit	1,177,755	1,709,955
Granted Date Measurement Input [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Measurement unit	January 2, 2023	January 3, 2022
Shares Granted Share Price Brl [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Share price	$ 16.6	$ 13.81
Historical volatility for shares, measurement input [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected volatility	48.33%	39%
Expected Term Measurement Input [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected term	3 years	3 years
Expected Values Of Shareholder Return Measurement Input [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected shareholder return indicator	72.42%	51.20%
Expected Value Of Performance Factor Measurement Input [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected performance factor	79.32%	53.08%

Employee benefits (Details 3)

Employee benefits (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest costs	$ 103	$ 84
Translation adjustment	73	46
Transfers	(27)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	5,142	2,833
Service costs	16	45
Interest costs	322	325
Benefits paid	(479)	(534)
Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions	468	(784)
Translation adjustment	246	5
Other	3
Transfers	(1,201)	3,252
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at end of the year	4,517	5,142
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest costs	1
Transfers	27
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	608	3,983
Service costs	15	40
Interest costs	103	39
Benefits paid	(126)	(58)
Participant contributions		(30)
Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions	130	(109)
Translation adjustment	41	(5)
Other	10
Transfers	1,201	(3,252)
Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions	(836)
Transfer to assets held for sale	(28)
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at end of the year	1,118	608
Other Benefits [Member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	1,057	1,427
Service costs	8	13
Interest costs	68	60
Benefits paid	(56)	(57)
Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions	44	(343)
Translation adjustment	43	(24)
Other	(2)	(19)
Transfer to assets held for sale	(12)
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at end of the year	$ 1,150	$ 1,057

Employee benefits (Details 4)

Employee benefits (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	$ 103	$ 84
Translation adjustment	73	46
Transfers	(27)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	6,340	3,752
Interest income	429	412
Employer contributions	22	45
Benefits paid	(479)	(534)
Return on plan assets (excluding interest income)	286	(752)
Translation adjustment	320	44
Transfers	(1,261)	3,373
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at end of the year	5,657	6,340
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	1
Transfers	27
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	339	3,779
Interest income	85	17
Employer contributions	25	14
Benefits paid	(126)	(58)
Return on plan assets (excluding interest income)	44	(31)
Translation adjustment	28	(9)
Transfers	1,261	(3,373)
Effect of changes in the actuarial assumptions	(841)
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at end of the year	815	339
Other Benefits [Member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year
Employer contributions	56	57
Benefits paid	(56)	(57)
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at end of the year

Employee benefits (Details 5)

Employee benefits (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Current provisions for employee benefits	$ (964)	$ (930)
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	(1,381)	(1,260)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	1,114	919
Interest income	103	84
Changes on asset ceiling	(192)	65
Translation adjustment	73	46
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at ending of the year	1,071	1,114
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	68	84
Transfer	(27)
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	68	84
Provisions for employee benefits	68	84
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	322	325
Translation adjustment	246	5
Transfer	(1,201)	3,252
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	429	412
Translation adjustment	320	44
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	5,656	6,340
Transfer	(1,261)	3,373
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Effect of asset ceiling [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(1,071)	(1,114)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Present Value Of Defined Benefit Obligations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(4,517)	(5,142)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	924	876
Interest income	95	83
Changes on asset ceiling	(194)	(89)
Translation adjustment	68	54
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at ending of the year	893	924
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(3,152)	(2,634)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	4,045	3,558
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Effect of asset ceiling [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(893)	(924)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at beginning of the year	190	44
Interest income	8	1
Changes on asset ceiling	2	160
Translation adjustment	5	(15)
Benefit obligation (Plan assets) as at ending of the year	178	190
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	68	84
Transfer	(27)
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	68	84
Provisions for employee benefits	68	84
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(1,365)	(2,508)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	1,611	2,782
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Effect of asset ceiling [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(178)	(190)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	1
Changes on asset ceiling	(28)
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(303)	(269)
Current provisions for employee benefits	(9)	(10)
Transfer	27
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	(294)	(259)
Provisions for employee benefits	(303)	(269)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	103	39
Translation adjustment	41	(5)
Transfer	1,201	(3,252)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	85	17
Translation adjustment	28	(9)
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	815	339
Transfer	1,261	(3,373)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Present Value Of Defined Benefit Obligations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(1,118)	(608)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(178)	(145)
Current provisions for employee benefits	(3)	(3)
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	(175)	(142)
Provisions for employee benefits	(178)	(145)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(272)	(246)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	94	101
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	1
Changes on asset ceiling	(28)
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(125)	(124)
Current provisions for employee benefits	(6)	(7)
Transfer	27
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	(119)	(117)
Provisions for employee benefits	(125)	(124)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(846)	(362)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Plan assets [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	721	238
Other Benefits [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(1,148)	(1,057)
Current provisions for employee benefits	(61)	(56)
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	(1,087)	(1,001)
Provisions for employee benefits	(1,148)	(1,057)
Other Benefits [Member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Interest income	68	60
Translation adjustment	43	(24)
Other Benefits [Member] | Present Value Of Defined Benefit Obligations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(1,148)	(1,057)
Other Benefits [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(389)	(321)
Current provisions for employee benefits	(22)	(16)
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	(367)	(305)
Provisions for employee benefits	(389)	(321)
Other Benefits [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(389)	(321)
Other Benefits [Member] | Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	(759)	(736)
Current provisions for employee benefits	(39)	(40)
Non-current provisions for employee benefits	(720)	(696)
Provisions for employee benefits	(759)	(736)
Other Benefits [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net defined benefit liability (asset)	$ (759)	$ (736)

Employee benefits (Details 6)

Employee benefits (Details 6) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 16	$ 45	$ 10
Interest expense	322	325	196
Interest income	(429)	(412)	(253)
Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability	103	84	58
Others	3
Total of cost, net	15	42	11
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Service cost	15	40	68
Interest expense	103	39	122
Interest income	(85)	(17)	(102)
Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability	1
Others	10
Total of cost, net	44	62	88
Other Benefits [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Service cost	8	13	1
Interest expense	68	60	33
Interest income
Interest expense on effect of (asset ceiling)/ onerous liability
Others	(2)
Total of cost, net	$ 74	$ 73	$ 34

Employee benefits (Details 7)

Employee benefits (Details 7) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Others comprehensive income	$ 2,509	$ (3,508)	$ (5,248)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of the year	(124)	(93)	(101)
Effect of changes actuarial assumptions	(468)	784	330
Return on plan assets (excluding interest income)	286	(752)	(269)
Change of asset ceiling	192	(65)	(60)
Others		(3)	(5)
Total	10	(36)	(4)
Deferred income tax	(3)	12	5
Others comprehensive income	7	(24)	1
Translation adjustments	(10)	(7)	7
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(127)	(124)	(93)
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of the year	(45)	(92)	(400)
Effect of changes actuarial assumptions	(130)	109	246
Return on plan assets (excluding interest income)	44	(31)	181
Change of asset ceiling	28
Others			3
Total	(58)	78	430
Deferred income tax	19	(26)	(130)
Others comprehensive income	(39)	52	300
Translation adjustments	(6)	(5)	8
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(90)	(45)	(92)
Other Benefits [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of the year	62	(172)	(363)
Effect of changes actuarial assumptions	(44)	343	261
Return on plan assets (excluding interest income)
Change of asset ceiling
Others	(12)		(4)
Total	(56)	343	257
Deferred income tax	20	(102)	(83)
Others comprehensive income	(36)	241	174
Translation adjustments	(9)	(7)	17
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$ 17	$ 62	$ (172)

Employee benefits (Details 8)

Employee benefits (Details 8) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation	3.08%	3.50%
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption	$ 2,940
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Increase In Assumption	9.60%
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption	$ 3,399
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Decrease In Assumption	7.60%
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	8.57%	9.77%
Actuarial assumption of nominal average rate of expense or income	8.57%	9.77%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of salary increases	3.08%	3.50%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of pension increases	3.08%	3.50%
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	8.63%	9.88%
Actuarial assumption of nominal average rate of expense or income	8.63%	9.88%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of salary increases	4.94%	5.36%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of pension increases	3.60%	4.02%
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	4.63%	5.10%
Actuarial assumption of nominal average rate of expense or income	5.10%	2.84%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of salary increases	3.31%	3.23%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of pension increases	3%	3%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation	2.08%	2.06%
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption	$ 1,237
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Increase In Assumption	5.63%
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption	$ 1,506
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Decrease In Assumption	3.63%
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	10.15%	10.66%
Actuarial assumption of nominal average rate of expense or income	10.15%	10.66%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of salary increases	4.50%	6.86%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of pension increases	4.50%	6.86%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation	4.50%	4.25%
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption	$ 262
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Increase In Assumption	11.15%
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption	$ 283
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Decrease In Assumption	9.15%
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	4.63%	5.10%
Actuarial assumption of nominal average rate of expense or income	5.10%	2.84%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of salary increases	3.31%	3.23%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of pension increases	3%	3%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation	2.08%	2.06%
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption	$ 745
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Increase In Assumption	5.63%
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption	$ 957
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Decrease In Assumption	3.63%
Other Benefits [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of medical cost trend rates	6.17%	6.35%
Actuarial assumption of ultimate medical cost trend rates	6.17%	6.35%
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation	3.08%
Other Benefits [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption	$ 501
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Increase In Assumption	9.67%
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption	$ 387
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Decrease In Assumption	7.67%
Other Benefits [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Bottom of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	8.59%	9.81%
Other Benefits [Member] | Country of domicile [member] | Top of range [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	8.74%	9.90%
Other Benefits [Member] | Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Actuarial assumption of discount rates	4.64%	5.14%
Actuarial assumption of nominal average rate of expense or income	5.14%	3.03%
Actuarial assumption of medical cost trend rates	4.85%	5.11%
Actuarial assumption of ultimate medical cost trend rates	4.49%	4.57%
Other Benefits [Member] | Foreign countries [member] | Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption	$ 677
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Increase In Assumption	5.65%
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption	$ 880
Actuarial Assumption Of Discount Rate, Decrease In Assumption	3.64%

Employee benefits (Details 9)

Employee benefits (Details 9) - Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	$ 14	$ 55
Equity securities	261	1,115
International investments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	245	254
Real estate, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	235	293
Loans to participants, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	162	128
Other, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	187
Total	7,835	8,062
Amount of funds not related to risk employee benefit plans	(2,178)	(1,722)
Plan assets, at fair value	5,657	6,340
Loans to corporate entities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	396	368
Governmental Bonds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	4,175	3,789
Fixed Income [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	1,553	1,173
Equity investments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	484	456
Ifrs Private Equity Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Structured debt, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	123	428
Ifrs Real Estate Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Structured debt, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets		3
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	14	55
International investments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	186	231
Total	1,171	1,410
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Loans to corporate entities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	396	367
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Governmental Bonds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	361	435
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Fixed Income [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	162	133
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Equity investments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	1	1
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Ifrs Private Equity Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Structured debt, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	51	188
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity securities	261	1,115
International investments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	59	23
Total	6,008	5,988
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Loans to corporate entities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets		1
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Governmental Bonds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	3,814	3,354
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Fixed Income [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	1,391	1,040
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Equity investments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	483	455
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Real estate, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	235	293
Loans to participants, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	162	128
Other, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	187
Total	656	664
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Ifrs Private Equity Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Structured debt, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	$ 72	240
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Ifrs Real Estate Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Structured debt, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets		$ 3

Employee benefits (Details 10)

Employee benefits (Details 10) - Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] - Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	$ 664	$ 426
Return on plan assets	36	34
Assets purchases	230	315
Assets sold during the year	(235)	(350)
Translation adjustment	37	26
Transfer between Overfunded pension and Underfunded pension plans	(76)	213
Assets as at end of the year	656	664
Trading equity securities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	240	103
Return on plan assets	5	(5)
Assets purchases	11	10
Assets sold during the year	(6)	(36)
Translation adjustment	8	4
Transfer between Overfunded pension and Underfunded pension plans	(58)	164
Assets as at end of the year	200	240
Ifrs Real Estate Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	3	5
Return on plan assets		(2)
Assets sold during the year	(3)
Assets as at end of the year		3
Investment property [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	293	212
Return on plan assets	9	15
Assets purchases	8	25
Assets sold during the year	(16)	(22)
Translation adjustment	18	14
Transfer between Overfunded pension and Underfunded pension plans	(18)	49
Assets as at end of the year	294	293
Loan To Participants [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	128	106
Return on plan assets	22	26
Assets purchases	211	280
Assets sold during the year	(210)	(292)
Translation adjustment	11	8
Assets as at end of the year	$ 162	$ 128

Employee benefits (Details 11)

Employee benefits (Details 11) - Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	$ 6	$ 2
Equity securities	112	55
Real estate, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	27	6
Loans to participants, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	1	1
Other	131	125
Total	817	339
Loans to corporate entities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	215	24
Governmental Bonds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	210	65
Fixed Income [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	41	40
Equity investments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	19	13
Ifrs Private Equity Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Structured debt, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	55	8
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	6	2
Total	382	51
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Loans to corporate entities [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	215	24
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Governmental Bonds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	150	19
Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Equity investments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	11	6
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Equity securities	112	55
Total	221	148
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Governmental Bonds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Debt instruments, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	60	46
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Fixed Income [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	41	40
Level 1 of fair value hierarchy [member] | Equity investments [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Investment funds, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	8	7
Level 3 Of Fair Values Hierarchy [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Real estate, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	27	6
Loans to participants, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	1	1
Other	131	125
Total	214	140
Level 3 Of Fair Values Hierarchy [Member] | Ifrs Private Equity Funds [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Structured debt, amount contributed to fair value of plan assets	$ 55	$ 8

Employee benefits (Details 12)

Employee benefits (Details 12) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	$ 339
Assets as at end of the year	817	$ 339
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year		406
Return on plan assets	7	(32)
Assets purchases	5	1
Assets sold during the year	(19)	(3)
Translation adjustment	5	(20)
Transfer between surplus and deficit plans	76	(212)
Assets as at end of the year	214
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	140
Return on plan assets	36	34
Assets purchases	230	315
Assets sold during the year	(235)	(350)
Translation adjustment	37	26
Assets as at end of the year		140
Trading equity securities [member] | Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	8	181
Return on plan assets	4	1
Assets purchases	3
Assets sold during the year	(19)	(2)
Translation adjustment	1	(8)
Transfer between surplus and deficit plans	58	(164)
Assets as at end of the year	55	8
Trading equity securities [member] | Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Return on plan assets	5	(5)
Assets purchases	11	10
Assets sold during the year	(6)	(36)
Translation adjustment	8	4
Equity investments [member] | Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year		53
Transfer between surplus and deficit plans		(53)
Assets as at end of the year
Investment property [member] | Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	6	3
Assets purchases	2	1
Assets sold during the year		(1)
Translation adjustment	1	(2)
Transfer between surplus and deficit plans	18	5
Assets as at end of the year	27	6
Investment property [member] | Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Return on plan assets	9	15
Assets purchases	8	25
Assets sold during the year	(16)	(22)
Translation adjustment	18	14
Loan To Participants [Member] | Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	1	1
Assets as at end of the year	1	1
Loan To Participants [Member] | Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Return on plan assets	22	26
Assets purchases	211	280
Assets sold during the year	(210)	(292)
Translation adjustment	11	8
Others [Member] | Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Assets as at beginning of the year	125	168
Return on plan assets	3	(33)
Translation adjustment	3	(10)
Assets as at end of the year	$ 131	$ 125

Employee benefits (Details 13)

Employee benefits (Details 13) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	$ 275
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	277
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	279
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	280
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than four years and not later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	281
Overfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	1,387
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	30
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	30
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	31
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	31
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than four years and not later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	31
Underfunded Pension Plans [Member] | Later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	161
Other Benefits [Member] | Not later than one year [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	26
Other Benefits [Member] | Later than one year and not later than two years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	27
Other Benefits [Member] | Later than two years and not later than three years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	28
Other Benefits [Member] | Later than three years and not later than four years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	30
Other Benefits [Member] | Later than four years and not later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	30
Other Benefits [Member] | Later than five years [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Expected benefit payments	$ 167

Employee benefits (Details Narr

Employee benefits (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Profit sharing program expense	$ 557	$ 499	$ 474
Other expenses	$ 83	80	$ 71
Percentage of reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption	1%
Estimate of contributions	$ 59
Portfolio Of Vale Stock [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Plan assets, at fair value	32	47
Brazilian Federal Government Securities [Member] | Country of domicile [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Plan assets, at fair value	4,793	4,214
Canadian Government Securities [Member] | Foreign countries [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Plan assets, at fair value	592	$ 454
Pension Plan [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Pension plan obligations	836
Other expenses	$ 5

Equity (Details)

Equity (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	4,299,854,300
Shares in treasury	239,153,280
Total issued shares	4,539,007,580
Ordinary shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	4,299,854,288
Shares in treasury	239,153,280
Total issued shares	4,539,007,568
Previ [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	395,314,056
Previ [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	395,314,056
Mitsui Co. Ltd [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	286,347,055
Mitsui Co. Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	286,347,055
Blackrock Inc [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	264,763,034
Blackrock Inc [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	264,763,034
Shareholders With More Than 5 Of Total Capital [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	946,424,145
Shareholders With More Than 5 Of Total Capital [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	946,424,145
Free Floating [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	3,353,430,143
Free Floating [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	3,353,430,143
Golden shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	12
Total issued shares	12
Golden shares [member] | Preference shares [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Shares outstanding	12

Equity (Details 1)

Equity (Details 1) - Cancellation Of Treasury Shares [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions				12 Months Ended
	Mar. 02, 2023	Jul. 28, 2022	Feb. 24, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares held in treasury cancelled	239,881,683	220,150,800	133,418,347	239,881,683	353,569,147
Treasury shares carrying amount	$ 4,164	$ 3,786	$ 2,830	$ 4,164	$ 6,616

Equity (Details 2)

Equity (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Share buyback program number of shares authorized to be repurchased	184,697,102	357,442,577
Share buyback program number of value authorized to be repurchased	$ 2,714	$ 6,036
Acquired Parent [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased	1,500,000
Purchase of treasury shares	$ 22
Acquired By Wholly Owned Subsidiaries [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased	1,500,000
Purchase of treasury shares	$ 22
Shares Buyback Program [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased	3,000,000
Purchase of treasury shares	$ 44
Acquired Parent 1 [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased	93,638,352	87,779,900
Purchase of treasury shares	$ 1,378	$ 1,375
Acquired By Wholly Owned Subsidiaries 1 [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased	88,058,750	90,847,177
Purchase of treasury shares	$ 1,292	$ 1,410
Shares Buyback Program 1 [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased	181,697,102	178,627,077
Purchase of treasury shares	$ 2,670	$ 2,785
Acquired Parent 2 [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased		81,855,600
Purchase of treasury shares		$ 1,501
Acquired By Wholly Owned Subsidiaries 2 [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased		96,959,900
Purchase of treasury shares		$ 1,750
Shares Buyback Program 2 [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased		178,815,500
Purchase of treasury shares		$ 3,251

Equity (Details 3)

Equity (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Equity Abstract
Net income of the year	$ 7,983	$ 18,788	$ 22,445
Appropriation to legal reserve (i)		(276)
Appropriation to tax incentive reserve	(891)	(1,157)
Net income after appropriations to legal reserve and tax incentive reserve	7,092	17,355
Minimum remuneration to shareholders (ii)	2,042	4,386
Additional shareholders' remuneration
from the net income for the year	4,066	437
Total remuneration to shareholders	6,108	4,823
Appropriation to statutory reserve	984	8,821
Appropriation to retained earnings reserve		$ 3,711

Equity (Details 4)

Equity (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value	$ 37,358	$ 35,306	$ 34,821
Allocation of income
Deliberated dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders	(4,181)	(7,886)	(12,664)
Translation adjustment	2,509	(3,508)	(5,248)
Ending balance, value	40,981	37,358	35,306
Legal Reserve 1 [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value	2,964	2,523
Allocation of income		276
Translation adjustment	230	165
Ending balance, value	3,194	2,964	2,523
Tax Incentive Reserve [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value	4,416	3,083
Allocation of income	891	1,157
Transfers of reserves		3
Translation adjustment	383	173
Ending balance, value	5,690	4,416	3,083
Statutory reserve [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value	9,349	6,898
Allocation of income	984	8,821
Treasury shares cancellation	(4,164)	(6,616)
Transfers of reserves		(3)
Translation adjustment	604	249
Ending balance, value	6,773	9,349	6,898
Additional Remuneration Reserve [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value	437	3,198
Allocation of income	2,364	437
Deliberated dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders	(437)	(3,500)
Translation adjustment		302
Ending balance, value	2,364	437	3,198
Profit reserves [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value	20,744	15,702	7,042
Allocation of income	4,239	14,402	14,599
Deliberated dividends and interest on capital of Vale's shareholders	(437)	(3,500)	(4,296)
Treasury shares cancellation	(4,164)	(6,616)
Translation adjustment	1,495	756	758
Ending balance, value	21,877	20,744	$ 15,702
Retained Earnings Reserve [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Beginning balance, value	3,578
Allocation of income		3,711
Translation adjustment	278	(133)
Ending balance, value	$ 3,856	$ 3,578

Equity (Details Narrative)

Equity (Details Narrative) R$ in Millions, $ in Millions

1 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Feb. 22, 2024 USD ($)

Feb. 22, 2024 BRL (R$)

Oct. 26, 2023 USD ($)

Oct. 26, 2023 BRL (R$)

Feb. 16, 2023 USD ($)

Feb. 16, 2023 BRL (R$)

Feb. 24, 2022 USD ($)

Feb. 24, 2022 BRL (R$)

Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2023 BRL (R$)

Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 BRL (R$)

Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares

Dec. 31, 2023 BRL (R$) shares

Jul. 27, 2023 USD ($)

Jul. 27, 2023 BRL (R$)

Disclosure Equity Abstract

Share capital | $

$ 61,614

Number of shares issued and fully paid | shares

4,539,007,580

4,539,007,580

Additional remuneration reserve

$ 2,364

R$ 11722

$ 2,000

R$ 10033

$ 1,569

R$ 8130

$ 437

R$ 2265

$ 3,000

R$ 16243

Interest on capital

$ 657

R$ 3295

$ 1,744

R$ 8277

Dividends paid

$ 1,343

R$ 6738

Minimum mandatory remuneration

1,132

5,865

Remuneration to shareholders in amount

$ 3,500

R$ 17849

$ 254

R$ 1319

Related parties (Details)

Related parties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	$ 736	$ 1,182	$ 1,162
Financial result	161	344	(530)
Cost and operating expenses	(964)	(1,024)	(878)
Discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial result			15
Cost and operating expenses			(95)
Aggregate continuing and discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	736	1,182	1,162
Financial result	161	344	(515)
Cost and operating expenses	(964)	(1,024)	(973)
Joint ventures where entity is venturer [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	93	434	640
Financial result		(3)	3
Aliana Gerao De Energia S.a. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue			5
Cost and operating expenses	(126)	(121)	(105)
Pelletizing Companies [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial result	(38)	(34)	(15)
Cost and operating expenses	(227)	(337)	(349)
Mrs Logistica SA [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue		1
Cost and operating expenses	(453)	(397)	(279)
Norte Energia S.a. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cost and operating expenses	(107)	(135)	(114)
Other Joint Ventures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	32	41
Financial result	1		(1)
Cost and operating expenses	(10)	(8)	(10)
Joint ventures [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	125	476	645
Financial result	(37)	(37)	(13)
Cost and operating expenses	(923)	(998)	(857)
Vli S.a. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	321	289	255
Financial result	(3)	(3)	(2)
Cost and operating expenses	(29)	(26)	(21)
Other Associates [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue		1	1
Cost and operating expenses	(1)
Associates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	321	290	256
Financial result	(3)	(3)	(2)
Cost and operating expenses	(30)	(26)	(21)
Cosan [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	10
Cost and operating expenses	(11)
Bradesco [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial result	201	381	(528)
Banco Do Brasil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Financial result		3	13
Mitsui Co. Ltd [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	280	416	261
Major Stockholders [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Net operating revenue	290	416	261
Financial result	201	$ 384	$ (515)
Cost and operating expenses	$ (11)

Related parties (Details 1)

Related parties (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Supplier and contractors	$ 158	$ 171
Liabilities Financial instruments and other liabilities	372	528
Aggregate continuing and discontinued operations [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	89	211
Dividends receivable and other assets	419	272
Cash and cash equivalents	234	365
Companhia Siderurgica Do Pecem [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable		91
Dividends receivable and other assets		17
Companhia De Pelotizacao [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Dividends receivable and other assets	27	25
Mrs Logistica SA [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	16
Dividends receivable and other assets	34	25
Supplier and contractors	48	57
Other Joint Ventures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	4	4
Dividends receivable and other assets	43	50
Supplier and contractors	39	31
Joint ventures where entity is venturer [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	20	95
Dividends receivable and other assets	104	117
Supplier and contractors	138	151
Liabilities Financial instruments and other liabilities	290	400
Vli S.a. [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	46	14
Supplier and contractors	1	5
Liabilities Financial instruments and other liabilities	59	53
Other Associates [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	1
Dividends receivable and other assets	2	1
Supplier and contractors	4	3
Associates [member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	47	14
Dividends receivable and other assets	2	1
Supplier and contractors	5	8
Liabilities Financial instruments and other liabilities	59	53
Cosan [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	1
Supplier and contractors	1
Bradesco [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Dividends receivable and other assets	313	154
Cash and cash equivalents	176	335
Liabilities Financial instruments and other liabilities	23	75
Banco Do Brasil [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	58	30
Mitsui Co. Ltd [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	5	89
Supplier and contractors		1
Major Stockholders [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	6	89
Dividends receivable and other assets	313	154
Cash and cash equivalents	234	365
Supplier and contractors	1	1
Liabilities Financial instruments and other liabilities	23	75
Pension Plan [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	16	13
Supplier and contractors	14	11
Pelletizing Companies [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Supplier and contractors	51	63
Liabilities Financial instruments and other liabilities	$ 290	$ 400

Related parties (Details 2)

Related parties (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-term benefits
Wages	$ 11	$ 10	$ 9
Direct and indirect benefits	1	2	1
Profit sharing program (“PLR”)	11	12	10
Total short- term benefits	23	24	20
Long-term benefits
Shares based	14	18	12
Severance	2	2	1
Total short and long-term benefits	$ 39	$ 44	$ 33

Commitments and guarantees gr_3

Commitments and guarantees granted (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Purchase of raw materials and services	$ 5,361	$ 6,534
Purchase of energy	2,316	2,605
Total	$ 7,677	$ 9,139

Commitments and guarantees gr_4

Commitments and guarantees granted (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Guarantee	$ 1,184	$ 2,166
Restricted cash		73
Liability		103
Associatesa And Joint Ventures [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Guarantee	274	1,522
Restricted cash
Liability		103
Assets Retirement Obligations [Member]
IfrsStatementLineItems [Line Items]
Guarantee	910	644
Restricted cash		73
Liability

Commitments and guarantees gr_5

Commitments and guarantees granted (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]
Gain amount	$ 481	$ 312