Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Policies | ' |
Organization | ' |
Organization |
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The Castle Group, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Utah on August 21, 1981. The Castle Group, Inc. operates in the hotel and resort management industry in the State of Hawaii, New Zealand, and the Commonwealth of Saipan under the trade name “Castle Resorts and Hotels.” The accounting and reporting policies of The Castle Group, Inc. (the “Company”) conform with generally accepted accounting principles and practices within the hotel and resort management industry. |
Principles of Consolidation | ' |
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Principles of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of The Castle Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Hawaii Reservations Center Corp., HPR Advertising, Inc., Castle Resorts & Hotels, Inc., Castle Resorts & Hotels Thailand Ltd., NZ Castle Resorts and Hotels Limited (a New Zealand Corporation), NZ Castle Resorts and Hotels’ wholly-owned subsidiary, Mocles Holdings Limited (a New Zealand Corporation), Castle Resorts & Hotels NZ Ltd., Castle Group LLC (Guam), Castle Resorts & Hotels Guam Inc. and KRI Inc. dba Hawaiian Pacific Resorts (Interactive). All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. |
Use of Management Estimates in Financial Statements | ' |
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Use of Management Estimates in Financial Statements |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. |
Accounts Receivable | ' |
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Accounts Receivable |
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The Company records an account receivable for revenue earned but not yet collected. The Company estimates allowances for doubtful accounts based on the aged receivable balances and historical losses. If the Company determines any account to be uncollectible based on significant delinquency or other factors, it is immediately written off. An allowance for bad debts has been provided based on estimated losses amounting to $166,384 and $146,958 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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Property, Plant, and Equipment | ' |
Property, Plant, and Equipment |
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Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounting records, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period. The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred. Renewals and betterments are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. |
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At December 31, 2013 and 2012, property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following: |
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| 2013 | 2012 |
Real estate - Podium | $8,461,550 | $8,496,798 |
Equipment and furnishings | 1,647,236 | 1,658,014 |
Less accumulated depreciation | -2,947,996 | -2,774,433 |
Net property, furniture and equipment | $7,160,790 | $7,380,379 |
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Depreciation is computed using the declining balance and straight-line methods over the estimated useful life of the assets (Equipment and furnishings 5 to 7 years, Podium 50 years). For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, depreciation expense was $221,970 and $222,528, respectively. |
Goodwill and Intangibles | ' |
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Goodwill and Intangibles |
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We perform impairment tests of goodwill at our reporting unit level, which is one level below our operating segments. Our operating segments are primarily based on geographic responsibility, which is consistent with the way management runs our business. |
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The goodwill impairment test consists of a two-step process, if necessary. The first step is to compare the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. We typically use discounted cash flow models to determine the fair value of a reporting unit. The assumptions used in these models are consistent with those we believe hypothetical marketplace participants would use. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the second step of the impairment test must be performed in order to determine the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The loss recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. |
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The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of goodwill prior to completing the two-step process described above to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill and other intangible assets. If the Company concludes that this is the case, it must perform the two-step process. Otherwise, the Company will forego the two-step process and does not need to perform any further testing. During 2013, the Company performed qualitative assessments on the entire consolidated goodwill balance. |
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The Company has completed its annual impairment testing of its goodwill at December 31 of each of the years presented. The Company has not recognized any impairment losses during the periods presented. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
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Revenue Recognition |
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In accordance with ASC 605: Revenue Recognition, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the sales price charged is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. |
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Specifically, the Company recognizes revenue from the management of resort properties according to terms of its various management contracts. |
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The Company has two basic types of agreements. Under a “Gross Contract” the Company records revenue which is based on a percentage of the gross rental proceeds received from the rental of hotel or condominium units. Under a “Gross Contract” the Company pays a portion of the gross rental proceeds to the owner of the rental unit. The Company only records the difference between the gross rental proceeds and the amount paid to the owner of the rental unit as “Revenue Attributed from Properties.” Under the Gross Contract, the Company is responsible for all of the operating expenses for the hotel or condominium unit. Under a “Net Contract”, the Company receives a management fee that is based on a percentage of the gross rental proceeds received from the rental of hotel or condominium units. Under the Net Contract, the owner of the hotel or condominium unit is responsible for all of the operating expenses of the rental program covering the owner’s unit and the Company also typically receives an incentive management fee, which is based on the net operating profit of the covered property. Additionally, under a net contract, in most cases we employ on-site personnel to provide services such as housekeeping, maintenance and administration to property owners under our management agreements and for such services the Company recognizes revenue in an amount equal to the expenses incurred. Revenues received under the net contract are recorded as Management and Service Income. Under both types of agreements, revenues are recognized after services have been rendered. A liability is recognized for any deposits received for which services have not yet been rendered. |
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Under a Gross Contract, the Company records the expenses of operating the rental program at the property covered by the agreement. These expenses include housekeeping, food & beverage, maintenance, front desk, sales & marketing, advertising and all other operating costs at the property covered by the agreement. Under a Net Contract, the Company does not record the operating expenses of the property covered by the agreement, other than the personnel costs mentioned in the previous paragraph. The difference between the Gross and Net contracts is that under a Gross Contract, all expenses, and therefore the ownership of any profits or the covering of any operating loss, belong to and is the responsibility of the Company; under a Net Contract, all expenses, and therefore the ownership or any profits or the covering of any operating loss belong to and is the responsibility of the owner of the property. The operating expenses of properties managed under a Gross Contract are recorded as “Attributed Property Expenses.” |
Advertising, Sales and Marketing Expenses | ' |
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Advertising, Sales and Marketing Expenses |
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The Company incurs sales and marketing expenses (mostly consisting of employee wages) in conjunction with the production of promotional materials, trade shows, and related travel costs. The Company expenses advertising and marketing costs as incurred or as the advertising takes place. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, total advertising expense was $1,062,286 and $877,834 respectively |
Stock-based Compensation | ' |
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Stock-Based Compensation |
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The Company has accounted for stock-based compensation by recording an expense associated with the fair value of stock-based compensation over the requisite service period, which typically represents the vesting period. For employees, the measurement date is the grant date. For non-employees the measurement date is the earlier of the date of performance completion or the date of performance commitment if a sufficient disincentive to perform exists. The Company currently uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to calculate the valuation of stock options and warrants at the measurement date. Option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected price volatility. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. No stock based compensation was issued in the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013. |
Income Taxes | ' |
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Income Taxes |
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Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. We have recorded tax benefits for our US based operations as these benefits have been used in the past, and are likely to be used in the future. We do not recognize any tax benefits from our net operating losses from our foreign operations, as it is not certain that these tax benefits will be realized in the future. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in our tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. Our policy is to recognize potential interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not recognize any interest or penalties in its Statement of Operations, nor did it have any interest or penalties accrued in its Balance Sheet at December 31, 2013 and 2012, relating to unrecognized benefits. |
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share | ' |
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Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share |
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Basic earnings per share of common stock were computed by dividing income available to common stockholders, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share were computed using the treasury stock method for vested warrants and the if-converted method for redeemable preferred stock. The calculation of diluted earnings per share for 2013 and 2012 includes 368,333 shares which would be issued upon conversion of the outstanding $100 par value redeemable preferred stock of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had warrants totaling 80,000 outstanding at each year end, respectively, that were excluded from the computations of diluted net income per share because the warrants would have been antidilutive for the periods presented. |
Concentration of Credit Risks | ' |
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Concentration of Credit Risks |
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The Company maintains its cash with several financial institutions in Hawaii and New Zealand. Balances maintained with these institutions are occasionally in excess of federally, insured limits. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had balances of $245,637 and $252,720, respectively, in excess of US federally insured, limits of $250,000 per financial institution. |
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Concentration in Market Area |
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The Company manages hotel properties in Hawaii and New Zealand, and is dependent on the visitor industries in these geographic areas. |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. A fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, may be used to measure fair value. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The carrying values of notes receivable and notes payable approximate fair value as these notes have interest rates or imputed interest rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. |
Long-lived Assets | ' |
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Long-Lived Assets |
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We regularly evaluate whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate the carrying value of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When factors indicate the asset may not be recoverable, we compare the related undiscounted future net cash flows to the carrying value of the asset to determine if impairment exists. If the expected future net cash flows are less than the carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized based on the fair value of the asset. No impairments were indicated or recorded during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. |
Guarantees | ' |
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Guarantees |
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We record a liability for the fair value of a guarantee on the date a guarantee is issued or modified. The offsetting entry depends on the circumstances in which the guarantee was issued. Funding under the guarantee reduces the recorded liability. When no funding is forecasted, the liability is amortized into income on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the guarantee. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, there was no amortization recorded. Guarantees are presented as other long term obligations on the balance sheet. |
Investment in Limited Liability Company | ' |
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Investment in Limited Liability Company |
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On September 22, 2011, the Company acquired a 2% common series interest in a limited liability company that purchased the majority of the units in a condo hotel located in Hawaii. The Company received the ownership as compensation for the Company’s assistance to the buyers of the units in negotiating the purchase, performing due diligence and other consulting work. The Company valued this investment at $180,000 and recorded the value received as other income. The investment is accounted for as a cost basis investment. There was no income during the year ended December 31, 2011 as the limited liability company has certain preferred returns that must be satisfied prior to the distribution of income to its members. In January 2012, the Company sold its interest for $350,000 and recorded a gain on sale of $170,000. |
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On July 23, 2010, the Company acquired a 7% common series interest in the ownership of a hotel located in Hawaii. The Company received a finder’s fee in exchange for the Company’s assistance to the buyers of the hotel in negotiating the purchase, performing due diligence and other consulting work. The Company recognized $188,173 in revenue resulting from cash received in finder’s fees and consulting fees and then used those funds to acquire the 7% common series interest. . The investment is accounted for as an equity method investment and during the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized $37,164 and $175,145, respectively, in other income resulting from their portion of the net income attributable to the common series ownership interest. |
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy | ' |
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Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains/Losses |
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The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of our consolidated entities operating in the United States. The functional currency for our consolidated entities operating outside of the United States is generally the currency of the country in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. For consolidated entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, we translate their financial statements into U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date, and the line items of the results of operations are translated using the weighted average exchange rate for the year. Translation adjustments resulting from these translations are included as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations. |
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New Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
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New Accounting Pronouncements |
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From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. If not discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. |