Critical Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Critical Accounting Policies | ' |
Critical Accounting Policies | ' |
1.Critical Accounting Policies |
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Wave’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based on the Company’s consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable reserves, depreciation and amortization, valuation of long-lived, and intangible assets, goodwill, and software development costs, contingencies and share based compensation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. |
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A detailed description of the accounting policies deemed critical to the understanding of the consolidated financial statements is included in the notes to Wave’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, included in its Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2014. |
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Revenue Recognition — Wave’s business model targets revenues from various sources including: licensing of the EMBASSY Trust Suite, Safend’s endpoint data loss protection suite, eTMS software products and development contracts. Many of these sales arrangements include multiple-elements and/or require significant modification or customization of Wave’s software. |
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Wave recognizes revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned. Wave considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. In addition to the aforementioned general policy, the following are the specific revenue recognition policies for each major category of revenue. |
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Licensing and Maintenance |
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Wave receives revenue from licensing its EMBASSY Trust Suite software through distribution arrangements with its OEM partners, software development and other services. Wave’s distribution arrangements also give rise to separate software license upgrade agreements with the end users of the products distributed by the OEMs. Safend receives revenue from licensing its endpoint data loss protection products and services through its distribution channels. Wave and Safend apply software revenue recognition guidance to all transactions except those where no software is involved. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Persuasive evidence is generally a binding purchase order or license agreement. Delivery occurs when product is shipped for its OEM distribution arrangements, or delivered via a license key for our license upgrade agreements. |
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Wave enters into perpetual software license agreements through direct sales to customers and indirect sales through its OEM partners, distributors and resellers with the end users of the products distributed by the OEMs. Wave has defined its two classes of end user customers as large and small based on those with orders in excess of 5,000 licenses and those with less than 5,000 licenses, respectively. These license upgrade agreements generally include a maintenance component. For arrangements with multiple-elements, including software licenses, maintenance and/or services, revenue is allocated and deferred in amounts equivalent to the vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value for the undelivered elements and the difference between the total arrangement fee and the amount deferred for the undelivered elements is recognized as license revenue. VSOE of fair value is based upon the price for which the undelivered element is sold separately. |
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During the three-months ended September 30, 2014, Wave further stratified the VSOE of fair value of maintenance analysis to align it with current sales trends with respect to product mix and maintenance terms. The following represents the resulting updates to VSOE of fair value of maintenance as a result of such further stratification. |
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| · | | Wave products: |
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| · | | VSOE of fair value of maintenance is only applied to bundled license and maintenance arrangements with maintenance terms of one year and less than 5,000 licenses. |
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| · | | Safend products: |
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| · | | Safend has defined two classes of end user customers as large and small based on those with orders in excess of 5,000 licenses and those with less than 5,000 licenses, respectively. |
| · | | VSOE of fair value of maintenance is only applied to bundled license and maintenance arrangements with maintenance terms of one year and less than 5,000 licenses. |
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Wave has VSOE of fair value of maintenance for its small class of customers based on independent one-year maintenance renewals for its EMBASSY Remote Administration Server (“ERAS”) for Self Encrypting Drives (“SED”) products only. As a result, for the ERAS SED small customer class licenses with maintenance bundled, Wave allocates the arrangement consideration to the elements in multi-element arrangements using the residual method. Under the residual method, the VSOE of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee for perpetual licenses is recognized as revenue upon delivery of the software, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. |
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When VSOE of fair value for the undelivered elements does not exist, as is the case for Wave’s maintenance for all products other than ERAS SED, large customer class ERAS SED orders, and small customer class ERAS SED orders when maintenance terms are in excess of one year, the entire arrangement fee is recognized ratably over the performance period as licensing and maintenance revenue. |
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Wave’s deferred revenue consists of the unamortized maintenance for sales to its small class of customers and bundled license and maintenance arrangements where VSOE does not exist. |
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Safend enters into perpetual software license agreements through direct sales to customers and indirect sales through its OEM partners, distributors and resellers. Safend has defined two classes of end user customers, large and small, based on those with orders in excess of 5,000 licenses and those with orders less than 5,000 licenses, respectively. These license arrangements, generally also include a maintenance component. For arrangements with multiple-elements, including software licenses, maintenance and/or services, revenue is allocated and deferred in amounts equivalent to the VSOE of fair value for the undelivered elements and the difference between the total arrangement fee and the amount deferred for the undelivered elements is recognized as licensing revenue. VSOE of fair value is based upon the price for which the undelivered element is sold separately. |
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Safend has VSOE of fair value of maintenance for its small class of customers based on independent one-year maintenance renewals for its Protector product only. As a result, for the Protector small customer class with maintenance terms of one-year, Safend allocates the arrangement consideration to the elements in multi-element arrangements using the residual method. Under the residual method, the VSOE of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee for perpetual licenses is recognized as revenue upon delivery of the software, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. |
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When VSOE of fair value for the undelivered elements does not exist, as is the case for Safend’s maintenance for its Encryptor, Inspector, Discoverer, Reporter, Auditor, large customer class Protector orders and small customer class Protector orders when maintenance terms are in excess of one-year, the entire arrangement fee is recognized ratably over the performance period as licensing and maintenance revenue. |
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Licensing and maintenance - cost of net revenues includes customer support personnel costs, foreign tax withholdings, amortization and impairment expense for the developed technology intangible asset, costs associated with providing consulting services and related share-based compensation expense. |
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Services |
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Revenue from time and material service contracts is recognized as the services are provided. Revenue from fixed price, long-term service or development contracts is recognized using the percentage of completion method or the completed contract method. The determination between completed contract method and the percentage of completion method is based on the ability to estimate. The Company measures the percentage of completion by reference to the proportion of contract hours incurred for work performed to date to the estimated total contract hours expected to be incurred. Losses on fixed price contracts are recognized during the period in which such losses are identified. |
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Services - cost of net revenues includes non-recurring time and materials costs incurred in connection with fixed price contracts and related share-based compensation expense. |
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Valuation of Goodwill - We review goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not below its carrying value. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss. The provisions of the accounting standard for goodwill and other intangibles allow us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. We perform a quantitative test for our Safend reporting unit. We determine the fair value of Safend using the income approach. Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value of the Safend unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on management’s estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on the weighted-average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with business-specific characteristics and the uncertainty related to the business’s ability to execute on the projected cash flows. The reporting unit’s fair value is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss. |
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Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates and operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates and future economic and market conditions. We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but they are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. |
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We will continue to evaluate goodwill on an annual basis as of September 30 and whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as significant adverse changes in business climate or operating results or changes in management’s business strategy, indicate that there may be a potential indicator of impairment. |
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Valuation of Long Lived Assets - We review purchased intangible assets with finite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of asset groups is assessed based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group, including its ultimate disposition. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. |
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Capitalized internal-use software development costs - The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 350-40, Intangibles Goodwill and Other—Internal Use Software. ASC Topic 350-40 provides guidance for determining whether computer software is internal-use software and also provides guidance on capitalization of the costs incurred for computer software developed or obtained for internal use. These capitalized costs are related to Wave’s cloud platform that is hosted by the Company and accessed by its clients on a subscription basis. The Company expenses all costs incurred during the preliminary project stage of development and capitalizes the costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs incurred relating to upgrades and enhancements to the software are capitalized if it is determined that these upgrades or enhancements add additional functionality to the software. Costs incurred to improve and support products after they become available are charged to expense as incurred. The Company records amortization of the software on a straight-line basis over five years, which is the estimated useful life of the software. At each balance sheet date, management evaluates the unamortized capitalized software costs for potential impairment by comparing the balance to the net realizable value of the products. |
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Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets - We derecognize financial assets, specifically accounts receivable, when control has been surrendered in compliance with ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. Transfers of accounts receivable that meet the requirements of ASC 860 for sale accounting treatment are removed from the balance sheet and gains or losses on the sale are recognized. If the conditions for sale accounting treatment are not met, or are no longer met, accounts receivable transferred are classified as collateralized receivables in the consolidated balance sheets and cash received from these transactions is classified as secured borrowings. All transfers of assets are accounted for as secured borrowings. Transaction costs associated with secured borrowings, if any, are treated as borrowing costs and recognized in interest expense. |
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Share-based Compensation — We recognize compensation expense for all share-based compensation awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Share-based compensation expense recognized is based on the fair value of share-based payment awards adjusted for estimated forfeitures. We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards at grant date using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Our estimate of the fair value of the share-based payment awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables including, but not limited to, the estimated term of the award and our estimated stock price volatility. |
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Reclassifications - Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. |
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Immaterial Correction of an Error — During the third quarter of 2014, we identified an error in our accounting for share-based compensation recorded in fiscal years 2011 to 2013 and through the six-months ended June 30, 2014. We assessed the materiality of the error on prior periods’ financial statements and concluded that the error was not material to any of our prior period annual or current and prior year interim financial statements. We elected to correct the error in the three-month period ended September 30, 2014 by decreasing operating expenses by $820,000 and decreasing capital in excess of par value on the consolidated balance sheet by the same amount. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2014, loss per basic and diluted share decreased by $0.02 as a result of the correction. |
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Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Topic 606), which amended the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. The amendments are based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company is required to adopt the amendments in the first quarter of 2017. Early adoption is not permitted. The amendments may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments and the transition alternatives on its Consolidated Financial Statements. |
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In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Components of an Entity, which updates the definition of discontinued operations under GAAP. Going forward, only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results will be reported as discontinued operations in the financial statements. Previously, a component of an entity that is a reportable segment, an operating segment, a reporting unit, a subsidiary, or an asset group was eligible for discontinued operations presentation. Additionally, the condition that the entity will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction has been removed. The effective date for the revised standard is for applicable transactions that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted, but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issuance. The Company adopted this standard in the third quarter of 2014. |
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