Loans | Loans The following table sets forth the classification of loans by class, including unearned fees, deferred costs and excluding the allowance for loan losses for the past two years: (In thousands) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 SBA loans held for investment $ 43,999 $ 42,492 SBA 504 loans 21,871 26,344 Commercial loans Commercial other 82,825 58,447 Commercial real estate 469,696 422,418 Commercial real estate construction 54,473 28,306 Residential mortgage loans 365,145 289,093 Consumer loans Home equity 55,817 47,411 Consumer other 54,038 44,130 Total loans held for investment $ 1,147,864 $ 958,641 SBA loans held for sale 22,810 14,773 Total loans $ 1,170,674 $ 973,414 Loans are made to individuals as well as commercial entities. Specific loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment, and collateral requirements based on the type of loan requested and the credit worthiness of the prospective borrower. Credit risk, excluding SBA loans, tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loan customers are located in the markets serviced by the Bank. As a preferred SBA lender, a portion of the SBA portfolio is to borrowers outside the Company’s lending area. However, during late 2008, the Company withdrew from SBA lending outside of its primary trade area, but continues to offer SBA loan products as an additional credit product within its primary trade area. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type. A description of the Company's different loan segments follows: SBA Loans: SBA 7(a) loans, on which the SBA has historically provided guarantees of up to 90 percent of the principal balance, are considered a higher risk loan product for the Company than its other loan products. The guaranteed portion of the Company’s SBA loans is generally sold in the secondary market with the nonguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment. SBA loans are for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans are guaranteed by the businesses' major owners. SBA loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. SBA 504 Loans: The SBA 504 program consists of real estate backed commercial mortgages where the Company has the first mortgage and the SBA has the second mortgage on the property. SBA 504 loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. Generally, the Company has a 50 percent loan to value ratio on SBA 504 program loans at origination. Commercial Loans: Commercial credit is extended primarily to middle market and small business customers. Commercial loans are generally made in the Company’s market place for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans will generally be guaranteed in full or for a meaningful amount by the businesses' major owners. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. Residential Mortgage and Consumer Loans: The Company originates mortgage and consumer loans including principally residential real estate, home equity lines and loans and consumer construction lines. Each loan type is evaluated on debt to income, type of collateral and loan to collateral value, credit history and Company relationship with the borrower. Inherent in the lending function is credit risk, which is the possibility a borrower may not perform in accordance with the contractual terms of their loan. A borrower’s inability to pay their obligations according to the contractual terms can create the risk of past due loans and, ultimately, credit losses, especially on collateral deficient loans. The Company minimizes its credit risk by loan diversification and adhering to credit administration policies and procedures. Due diligence on loans begins when the Company initiates contact regarding a loan with a borrower. Documentation, including a borrower’s credit history, materials establishing the value and liquidity of potential collateral, the purpose of the loan, the source of funds for repayment of the loan, and other factors, are analyzed before a loan is submitted for approval. The loan portfolio is then subject to on-going internal reviews for credit quality, as well as independent credit reviews by an outside firm. The Company's extension of credit is governed by the Credit Risk Policy which was established to control the quality of the Company's loans. These policies and procedures are reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on a regular basis. Credit Ratings For SBA 7(a), SBA 504 and commercial loans, management uses internally assigned risk ratings as the best indicator of credit quality. A loan’s internal risk rating is updated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances warrant a change in risk rating. The Company uses a 1 through 10 loan grading system that follows regulatory accepted definitions. Pass: Risk ratings of 1 through 6 are used for loans that are performing, as they meet, and are expected to continue to meet, all of the terms and conditions set forth in the original loan documentation, and are generally current on principal and interest payments. These performing loans are termed “Pass”. Special Mention: Criticized loans are assigned a risk rating of 7 and termed “Special Mention”, as the borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management’s close attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Bank’s collateral and position. While potentially weak, these borrowers are currently marginally acceptable and no loss of interest or principal is anticipated. As a result, special mention assets do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Included in “Special Mention” could be turnaround situations, such as borrowers with deteriorating trends beyond one year, borrowers in start up or deteriorating industries, or borrowers with a poor market share in an average industry. "Special Mention" loans may include an element of asset quality, financial flexibility, or below average management. Management and ownership may have limited depth or experience. Regulatory agencies have agreed on a consistent definition of “Special Mention” as an asset with potential weaknesses which, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. This definition is intended to ensure that the “Special Mention” category is not used to identify assets that have as their sole weakness credit data exceptions or collateral documentation exceptions that are not material to the repayment of the asset. Substandard: Classified loans are assigned a risk rating of an 8 or 9, depending upon the prospect for collection, and deemed “Substandard”. A risk rating of 8 is used for borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. The loan is inadequately protected by the current paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy, although no loss of principal is envisioned. There is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified “Substandard”. A risk rating of 9 is used for borrowers that have all the weaknesses inherent in a loan with a risk rating of 8, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important, reasonably specific pending factors that may work to strengthen the assets, the loans’ classification as estimated losses is deferred until a more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfecting liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans. Partial charge-offs are likely. Loss: Once a borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of unsecured debt, the risk rating becomes a 10, the loan is termed a “Loss”, and charged-off immediately. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these basically worthless assets even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. For residential mortgage and consumer loans, management uses performing versus nonperforming as the best indicator of credit quality. Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being delinquent for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. These credit quality indicators are updated on an ongoing basis, as a loan is placed on nonaccrual status as soon as management believes there is sufficient doubt as to the ultimate ability to collect interest on a loan. The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of December 31, 2017 : December 31, 2017 SBA, SBA 504 & Commercial loans - Internal risk ratings (In thousands) Pass Special mention Substandard Total SBA loans held for investment $ 42,415 $ 373 $ 1,211 $ 43,999 SBA 504 loans 20,751 1,024 96 21,871 Commercial loans Commercial other 82,201 599 25 82,825 Commercial real estate 464,589 3,047 2,060 469,696 Commercial real estate construction 54,473 — — 54,473 Total commercial loans 601,263 3,646 2,085 606,994 Total SBA, SBA 504 and commercial loans $ 664,429 $ 5,043 $ 3,392 $ 672,864 Residential mortgage & Consumer loans - Performing/Nonperforming (In thousands) Performing Nonperforming Total Residential mortgage loans $ 363,476 $ 1,669 $ 365,145 Consumer loans Home equity 55,192 625 55,817 Consumer other 54,038 — 54,038 Total consumer loans 109,230 625 109,855 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans $ 472,706 $ 2,294 $ 475,000 The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of December 31, 2016 : December 31, 2016 SBA, SBA 504 & Commercial loans - Internal risk ratings (In thousands) Pass Special mention Substandard Total SBA loans held for investment $ 38,990 $ 2,023 $ 1,479 $ 42,492 SBA 504 loans 24,635 1,073 636 26,344 Commercial loans Commercial other 57,000 1,422 25 58,447 Commercial real estate 408,288 13,729 401 422,418 Commercial real estate construction 27,556 750 — 28,306 Total commercial loans 492,844 15,901 426 509,171 Total SBA, SBA 504 and commercial loans $ 556,469 $ 18,997 $ 2,541 $ 578,007 Residential mortgage & Consumer loans - Performing/Nonperforming (In thousands) Performing Nonperforming Total Residential mortgage loans $ 286,421 $ 2,672 $ 289,093 Consumer loans Home equity 46,929 482 47,411 Consumer other 42,154 1,976 44,130 Total consumer loans 890,833 2,458 91,541 Total residential mortgage and consumer loans $ 375,504 $ 5,130 $ 380,634 Nonperforming and Past Due Loans Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being delinquent for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are not included in nonperforming loans and generally represent loans that are well collateralized and in a continuing process expected to result in repayment or restoration to current status. The risk of loss is difficult to quantify and is subject to fluctuations in collateral values, general economic conditions and other factors. The improved state of the economy has resulted in a substantial reduction in nonperforming loans and loan delinquencies. The Company values its collateral through the use of appraisals, broker price opinions, and knowledge of its local market. In response to the credit risk in its portfolio, the Company has increased staffing in its credit monitoring department and increased efforts in the collection and analysis of borrowers’ financial statements and tax returns. The following tables set forth an aging analysis of past due and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : December 31, 2017 (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90+ days and still accruing Nonaccrual (1) Total past due Current Total loans SBA loans held for investment $ 240 $ 313 $ — $ 632 $ 1,185 $ 42,814 $ 43,999 SBA 504 loans — — — — — 21,871 21,871 Commercial loans Commercial other 23 — 60 25 108 82,717 82,825 Commercial real estate 558 1,073 — 43 1,674 468,022 469,696 Commercial real estate construction — — — — — 54,473 54,473 Residential mortgage loans 1,830 958 — 1,669 4,457 360,688 365,145 Consumer loans Home equity 51 205 — 625 881 54,936 55,817 Consumer other 3 — — — 3 54,035 54,038 Total loans held for investment $ 2,705 $ 2,549 $ 60 $ 2,994 $ 8,308 $ 1,139,556 $ 1,147,864 SBA loans held for sale — — — — — 22,810 22,810 Total loans $ 2,705 $ 2,549 $ 60 $ 2,994 $ 8,308 $ 1,162,366 $ 1,170,674 (1) At December 31, 2017 , nonaccrual loans included $27 thousand of loans guaranteed by the SBA. December 31, 2016 (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90+ days and still accruing Nonaccrual (1) Total past due Current Total loans SBA loans held for investment $ 491 $ 397 $ — $ 1,168 $ 2,056 $ 40,436 $ 42,492 SBA 504 loans — — — 513 513 25,831 26,344 Commercial loans Commercial other 50 — — 25 75 58,372 58,447 Commercial real estate 1,108 574 — 401 2,083 420,335 422,418 Commercial real estate construction — — — — — 28,306 28,306 Residential mortgage loans 2,932 263 — 2,672 5,867 283,226 289,093 Consumer loans Home equity 227 — — 482 709 46,702 47,411 Consumer other — — — 1,976 1,976 42,154 44,130 Total loans held for investment $ 4,808 $ 1,234 $ — $ 7,237 $ 13,279 $ 945,362 $ 958,641 SBA loans held for sale — — — — — 14,773 14,773 Total loans $ 4,808 $ 1,234 $ — $ 7,237 $ 13,279 $ 960,135 $ 973,414 (1) At December 31, 2016 , nonaccrual loans included $153 thousand of TDRs and $60 thousand of loans guaranteed by the SBA. Impaired Loans The Company has defined impaired loans to be all nonperforming loans and troubled debt restructurings. Management considers a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract. The following tables provide detail on the Company’s loans individually evaluated for impairment with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 : December 31, 2017 (In thousands) Unpaid principal balance Recorded investment Specific reserves With no related allowance: SBA loans held for investment (1) $ 135 $ 52 $ — SBA 504 loans — — — Commercial loans Commercial other 25 25 — Commercial real estate 43 43 — Total commercial loans 68 68 — Total impaired loans with no related allowance 203 120 — With an allowance: SBA loans held for investment (1) 748 553 194 SBA 504 loans — — — Commercial loans Commercial other — — — Commercial real estate 786 786 138 Total commercial loans 786 786 138 Total impaired loans with a related allowance 1,534 1,339 332 Total individually evaluated impaired loans: SBA loans held for investment (1) 883 605 194 SBA 504 loans — — — Commercial loans Commercial other 25 25 — Commercial real estate 829 829 138 Total commercial loans 854 854 138 Total individually evaluated impaired loans $ 1,737 $ 1,459 $ 332 (1) Balances are reduced by amount guaranteed by the SBA of $27 thousand at December 31, 2017 . December 31, 2016 (In thousands) Unpaid principal balance Recorded investment Specific reserves With no related allowance: SBA loans held for investment (1) $ 1,235 $ 653 $ — SBA 504 loans 513 513 — Commercial loans Commercial other 25 25 — Commercial real estate 42 43 — Total commercial loans 67 68 — Total impaired loans with no related allowance 1,815 1,234 — With an allowance: SBA loans held for investment (1) 975 455 246 SBA 504 loans — — — Commercial loans Commercial other 13 1 1 Commercial real estate 358 357 33 Total commercial loans 371 358 34 Total impaired loans with a related allowance 1,346 813 280 Total individually evaluated impaired loans: SBA loans held for investment (1) 2,210 1,108 246 SBA 504 loans 513 513 — Commercial loans Commercial other 38 26 1 Commercial real estate 400 400 33 Total commercial loans 438 426 34 Total individually evaluated impaired loans $ 3,161 $ 2,047 $ 280 (1) Balances are reduced by amount guaranteed by the SBA of $60 thousand at December 31, 2016 . The following table presents the average recorded investments in impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized during the time period in which the loans were impaired for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 . The average balances are calculated based on the month-end balances of impaired loans. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method, therefore no interest income is recognized. The interest recognized on impaired loans noted below represents accruing troubled debt restructurings only and nominal amounts of income recognized on a cash basis for well-collateralized impaired loans. For the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In thousands) Average recorded investment Interest income recognized on impaired loans Average recorded investment Interest income recognized on impaired loans SBA loans held for investment (1) $ 668 $ 47 $ 1,535 $ 14 SBA 504 loans 82 — 798 — Commercial loans Commercial other 25 — 607 38 Commercial real estate 685 43 1,198 59 Commercial real estate construction — — 272 — Total $ 1,460 $ 90 $ 4,410 $ 111 (1) Balances are reduced by the average amount guaranteed by the SBA of $318 thousand and $246 thousand for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Troubled Debt Restructurings The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). TDRs occur when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor’s financial condition, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider, unless it results in a delay in payment that is insignificant. These concessions typically include reductions in interest rate, extending the maturity of a loan, other modifications of payment terms, or a combination of modifications. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates for any possible impairment using either the discounted cash flows method, where the value of the modified loan is based on the present value of expected cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or by using the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral-dependent. If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by segment or class of loan, as applicable, through an allowance estimate or charge-off to the allowance. This process is used, regardless of loan type, and for loans modified as TDRs that subsequently default on their modified terms. TDRs of $786 thousand and $153 thousand are included in the impaired loan numbers as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. The increase was due to the addition of one loan, partially offset by the removal of one loan. There is $138 thousand in specific reserves on the performing TDR as of December 31, 2017 , compared to $34 thousand on the nonperforming TDR as of December 31, 2016 . At December 31, 2017 , the $786 thousand TDR is in accrual status since it continues to perform in accordance with its restructured terms. At December 31, 2016 , the $153 thousand TDR was in nonaccrual status. There was one loan modified as a TDR with a principal balance reduction during the year ended December 31, 2017 . To date, the Company’s TDRs consisted of interest rate reductions, interest only periods, and maturity extensions. There were no loans modified as a TDR within the previous 12 months that subsequently defaulted at some point during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. In this case, the subsequent default is defined as 90 days past due or transferred to nonaccrual status. Other Loan Information Servicing Assets: Loans sold to others and serviced by the Company are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total amount of such loans serviced, but owned by outside investors, amounted to approximately $132.1 million and $137.8 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the carrying value, which approximates fair value, of servicing assets was $1.8 million and $2.1 million , respectively, and is included in Other Assets. The fair value of SBA servicing assets was determined using a discount rate of 15% , constant prepayment speeds ranging from 15% to 18% , and interest strip multiples ranging from 2.08% to 3.80% , depending on each individual credit. The fair value of mortgage servicing assets was determined using a discount rate of 12% and the present value of excess servicing over 7 years . A summary of the changes in the related servicing assets for the past two years follows: For the years ended December 31, (In thousands) 2017 2016 Balance, beginning of year $ 2,086 $ 1,389 Servicing assets capitalized 172 1,472 Amortization of expense (458 ) (775 ) Provision for loss in fair value — — Balance, end of year $ 1,800 $ 2,086 In addition, the Company had a $1.4 million and $1.3 million discount related to the retained portion of the unsold SBA loans at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Officer and Director Loans: In the ordinary course of business, the Company may extend credit to officers, directors or their associates. These loans are subject to the Company’s normal lending policy. An analysis of such loans, all of which are current as to principal and interest payments, is as follows: (In thousands) December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Balance, beginning of year $ 29,256 $ 37,394 New loans and advances 6,121 31 Loan repayments (2,268 ) (8,169 ) Balance, end of year $ 33,109 $ 29,256 Loan Portfolio Collateral: The majority of the Company’s loans are secured by real estate. Declines in the market values of real estate in the Company’s trade area impact the value of the collateral securing its loans. This could lead to greater losses in the event of defaults on loans secured by real estate. At December 31, 2017 approximately 94% of the Company’s loan portfolio was secured by real estate, compared to 96% at December 31, 2016 . |