LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The composition of the loan portfolio follows: (in thousands) September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 885,011 $ 949,568 Nonowner occupied 256,319 258,803 Commercial real estate 1,308,867 1,303,000 Construction & land development 142,465 159,702 Commercial & industrial 337,925 468,209 Paycheck Protection Program 514,550 — Lease financing receivables 11,204 14,040 Aircraft 87,555 58,941 Home equity 252,839 293,186 Consumer: Credit cards 14,373 17,836 Overdrafts 705 1,522 Automobile loans 35,683 52,923 Other consumer 9,008 18,201 Total Traditional Banking 3,856,504 3,595,931 Warehouse lines of credit* 1,028,675 717,458 Total Core Banking 4,885,179 4,313,389 Republic Processing Group*: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — Other TRS loans 233 14,365 Republic Credit Solutions 108,962 105,397 Total Republic Processing Group 109,195 119,762 Total loans** 4,994,374 4,433,151 Allowance for credit losses (59,891) (43,351) Total loans, net $ 4,934,483 $ 4,389,800 *Identifies loans to borrowers located primarily outside of the Bank’s market footprint. ** Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan origination fees and costs. See table directly below for expanded detail. The following table reconciles the contractually receivable and carrying amounts of loans: (in thousands) September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Contractually receivable $ 5,006,351 $ 4,432,351 Unearned income (805) (1,139) Unamortized premiums 249 366 Unaccreted discounts (1,040) (2,534) PPP net unamortized deferred origination fees and costs (13,386) — Other net unamortized deferred origination fees and costs 3,005 4,107 Carrying value of loans $ 4,994,374 $ 4,433,151 Paycheck Protection Program The CARES Act was enacted in March 2020 and provided for the SBA’s PPP, which allowed the Bank to lend to its qualifying small business clients to assist them in their efforts to meet their cash-flow needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PPP loans are fully backed by the SBA and may be entirely forgiven if the loan client uses loan funds for qualifying reasons. As of September 30, 2020, the Bank had a recorded investment in PPP loans of $515 million, which includes $528 million of originated balances less $13 million of unaccreted net deferred origination fees. To provide liquidity to banks administering the SBA’s PPP, the FRB created the PPPLF, a lending facility secured by the PPP loans of the participating banks. As of September 30, 2020, the Bank had Credit Quality Indicators The Company’s loan segments as of September 30, 2020 remain unchanged from those described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The following tables include loans by segment and risk category. Risk categories, which are based on the Bank’s internal analyses, are defined in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of September 30, 2020, for non-revolving loans originated after 2016, loans are also classified by origination year. Loan extensions and renewals are generally considered originated in the year extended or renewed unless the loan is classified as a TDR. Loan extensions and renewals classified as TDRs generally receive no change in origination date upon extension or renewal. Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted As of September 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Residential real estate owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 167,130 $ 151,524 $ 93,344 $ 75,143 $ 369,495 $ — $ — $ 856,636 Special Mention — — 44 1,619 9,310 — — 10,973 Substandard 394 1,405 813 673 14,117 — — 17,402 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 167,524 $ 152,929 $ 94,201 $ 77,435 $ 392,922 $ — $ — $ 885,011 Residential real estate nonowner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 41,458 $ 68,635 $ 50,298 $ 48,808 $ 46,364 $ — $ — $ 255,563 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 756 — — 756 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 41,458 $ 68,635 $ 50,298 $ 48,808 $ 47,120 $ — $ — $ 256,319 Commercial real estate: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 200,958 $ 305,221 $ 194,215 $ 197,348 $ 358,958 $ — $ 34,162 $ 1,290,862 Special Mention — 1,988 120 1,250 2,830 — — 6,188 Substandard 2,964 423 — 1,197 4,413 — 2,820 11,817 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 203,922 $ 307,632 $ 194,335 $ 199,795 $ 366,201 $ — $ 36,982 $ 1,308,867 Construction and land development: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 50,950 $ 44,658 $ 18,195 $ 5,563 $ 20,508 $ — $ — $ 139,874 Special Mention — 2,409 — — — — — 2,409 Substandard 134 48 — — — — — 182 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 51,084 $ 47,115 $ 18,195 $ 5,563 $ 20,508 $ — $ — $ 142,465 Commercial and industrial: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 101,782 $ 106,292 $ 40,773 $ 36,229 $ 50,249 $ — $ — $ 335,325 Special Mention 627 — — — 20 — — 647 Substandard 1,477 476 — — — — — 1,953 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 103,886 $ 106,768 $ 40,773 $ 36,229 $ 50,269 $ — $ — $ 337,925 Paycheck Protection Program: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 514,550 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 514,550 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 514,550 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 514,550 Lease financing receivables: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 876 $ 4,541 $ 1,949 $ 3,088 $ 750 $ — $ — $ 11,204 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 876 $ 4,541 $ 1,949 $ 3,088 $ 750 $ — $ — $ 11,204 Aircraft: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 31,658 $ 36,155 $ 18,316 $ 1,426 $ — $ — $ — $ 87,555 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 31,658 $ 36,155 $ 18,316 $ 1,426 $ — $ — $ — $ 87,555 Home equity: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 249,791 $ — $ 249,791 Special Mention — — — — — 126 — 126 Substandard — — — — — 2,922 — 2,922 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 252,839 $ — $ 252,839 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) Amortized Converted As of September 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Consumer: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 363 $ 14,893 $ 10,425 $ 8,489 $ 10,555 $ 14,512 $ — $ 59,237 Special Mention — — — — 7 — — 7 Substandard — 35 53 191 246 — — 525 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 363 $ 14,928 $ 10,478 $ 8,680 $ 10,808 $ 14,512 $ — $ 59,769 Warehouse: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,028,675 $ — $ 1,028,675 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,028,675 $ — $ 1,028,675 TRS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 93 $ — $ 93 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 140 — 140 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 233 $ — $ 233 RCS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 22,138 $ 7,159 $ 3,050 $ 1,454 $ 1,546 $ 73,302 $ — $ 108,649 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 313 — 313 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 22,138 $ 7,159 $ 3,050 $ 1,454 $ 1,546 $ 73,615 $ — $ 108,962 Grand Total: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 1,131,863 $ 739,078 $ 430,565 $ 377,548 $ 858,425 $ 1,366,373 $ 34,162 $ 4,938,014 Special Mention 627 4,397 164 2,869 12,167 126 — 20,350 Substandard 4,969 2,387 866 2,061 19,532 3,375 2,820 36,010 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Grand Total $ 1,137,459 $ 745,862 $ 431,595 $ 382,478 $ 890,124 $ 1,369,874 $ 36,982 $ 4,994,374 December 31, 2019 Special Doubtful / PCI Loans - PCI Loans - Total Rated (in thousands) Pass Mention Substandard Loss Group 1 Substandard Loans* Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ — $ 12,153 $ 14,441 $ — $ 140 $ 1,281 $ 28,015 Nonowner occupied — 487 1,285 — — — 1,772 Commercial real estate 1,286,623 4,623 11,123 — 631 — 1,303,000 Construction & land development 157,165 2,339 198 — — — 159,702 Commercial & industrial 464,067 2,152 1,968 — 22 — 468,209 Lease financing receivables 14,040 — — — — — 14,040 Aircraft 9,027 — — — — — 9,027 Home equity — — 3,276 — 4 6 3,286 Consumer: Credit cards — — — — — — — Overdrafts — — — — — — — Automobile loans — — 247 — — — 247 Other consumer — — 351 — — 2 353 Total Traditional Banking 1,930,922 21,754 32,889 — 797 1,289 1,987,651 Warehouse lines of credit 717,458 — — — — — 717,458 Total Core Banking 2,648,380 21,754 32,889 — 797 1,289 2,705,109 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — — — — — — Other TRS loans — — 53 — — — 53 Republic Credit Solutions — — 355 — — — 355 Total Republic Processing Group — — 408 — — — 408 Total rated loans $ 2,648,380 $ 21,754 $ 33,297 $ — $ 797 $ 1,289 $ 2,705,517 *The above table excludes all non-classified residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans . Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The following table presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio class: ACLL Rollforward Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Beginning Charge- Ending Beginning Charge- Ending (in thousands) Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 9,303 $ 330 $ (13) $ 21 $ 9,641 $ 5,213 $ (314) $ (17) $ 121 $ 5,003 Nonowner occupied 2,274 96 — 7 2,377 1,775 40 — 5 1,820 Commercial real estate 16,300 4,663 — — 20,963 10,566 1,390 (1,407) — 10,549 Construction & land development 4,940 (341) — — 4,599 2,910 (93) — — 2,817 Commercial & industrial 2,405 654 (255) 80 2,884 4,221 155 — 1 4,377 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — — — — — — Lease financing receivables 125 (8) — — 117 181 (25) — — 156 Aircraft 208 11 — — 219 125 22 — — 147 Home equity 5,124 (7) (14) 21 5,124 3,124 (102) — 23 3,045 Consumer: Credit cards 928 36 (29) 7 942 1,028 54 (77) 18 1,023 Overdrafts 488 324 (157) 50 705 894 491 (363) 53 1,075 Automobile loans 473 (67) — — 406 708 (32) (23) — 653 Other consumer 609 92 (41) 20 680 424 (31) (84) 79 388 Total Traditional Banking 43,177 5,783 (509) 206 48,657 31,169 1,555 (1,971) 300 31,053 Warehouse lines of credit 2,575 (3) — — 2,572 1,814 620 — — 2,434 Total Core Banking 45,752 5,780 (509) 206 51,229 32,983 2,175 (1,971) 300 33,487 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — (4,294) — 4,294 — — (2,098) — 2,098 — Other TRS loans 211 (48) (22) — 141 232 90 (90) 2 234 Republic Credit Solutions 9,134 (12) (684) 83 8,521 12,768 2,986 (2,799) 256 13,211 Total Republic Processing Group 9,345 (4,354) (706) 4,377 8,662 13,000 978 (2,889) 2,356 13,445 Total $ 55,097 $ 1,426 $ (1,215) $ 4,583 $ 59,891 $ 45,983 $ 3,153 $ (4,860) $ 2,656 $ 46,932 ACLL Rollforward Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 Beginning ASC 326 Charge- Ending Beginning Charge- Ending (in thousands) Balance Adoption Provision offs Recoveries Balance Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 4,729 $ 4,199 $ 648 $ (40) $ 105 $ 9,641 $ 6,035 $ (1,011) $ (401) $ 380 $ 5,003 Nonowner occupied 1,737 148 481 — 11 2,377 1,662 218 (73) 13 1,820 Commercial real estate 10,486 273 10,002 (270) 472 20,963 10,030 1,922 (1,407) 4 10,549 Construction & land development 2,152 1,447 1,000 — — 4,599 2,555 262 — — 2,817 Commercial & industrial 2,882 (1,318) 1,643 (447) 124 2,884 2,873 1,498 — 6 4,377 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — — — — — — Lease financing receivables 147 — (30) — — 117 158 (2) — — 156 Aircraft 176 — 43 — — 219 91 56 — — 147 Home equity 2,721 1,652 657 (14) 108 5,124 3,477 (480) (13) 61 3,045 Consumer: Credit cards 1,020 33 74 (206) 21 942 1,140 133 (303) 53 1,023 Overdrafts 1,169 — 13 (660) 183 705 1,102 760 (956) 169 1,075 Automobile loans 612 (7) (220) (8) 29 406 724 (55) (23) 7 653 Other consumer 374 307 (81) (86) 166 680 500 (130) (198) 216 388 Total Traditional Banking 28,205 6,734 14,230 (1,731) 1,219 48,657 30,347 3,171 (3,374) 909 31,053 Warehouse lines of credit 1,794 — 778 — — 2,572 1,172 1,262 — — 2,434 Total Core Banking 29,999 6,734 15,008 (1,731) 1,219 51,229 31,519 4,433 (3,374) 909 33,487 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — 15,239 (19,575) 4,336 — — 11,322 (13,425) 2,103 — Other TRS loans 234 — — (94) 1 141 107 496 (371) 2 234 Republic Credit Solutions 13,118 — 251 (5,401) 553 8,521 13,049 8,593 (9,306) 875 13,211 Total Republic Processing Group 13,352 — 15,490 (25,070) 4,890 8,662 13,156 20,411 (23,102) 2,980 13,445 Total $ 43,351 $ 6,734 $ 30,498 $ (26,801) $ 6,109 $ 59,891 $ 44,675 $ 24,844 $ (26,476) $ 3,889 $ 46,932 The cumulative loss rate used as the basis for the estimate of ACLL at September 30, 2020 was primarily based on a static pool analysis of each of the Company’s loan pools using the Company’s loss experience from 2013 through 2019, adjusted for current and forecasted conditions that consider the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public’s response to it. The Company’s primary forecasting tool throughout 2020 has been the U.S. national employment rate. At March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the Company forecasted national unemployment in the one-year horizon above 8% , which was either at or above the levels of unemployment experienced within the Company’s historical periods or considered within its current-conditions qualitative factors. These forecasted unemployment levels from March and June of 2020 led the Company to increase its ACLL through June 30, 2020. In contrast, the U.S. unemployment rate fell from 11.1% in June 2020 to 7.9% in September 2020 and was forecasted to stay at this lower range between 5% and 8% in the one-year horizon. As losses consistent with unemployment above 8% have yet to materialize since they were first forecasted back in March 2020, the Company believes its loan losses in the current environment are lagging historical correlations by as much as one year due to economic relief granted by the Company and the U.S. government thus far. As such, the Company did not relieve any forecast-based ACLL previously established prior to the third quarter of 2020 but reclassified this ACLL from a forecast-based ACLL to a current-conditions based ACLL, as the Company still expects its loan losses to rise to levels consistent with a U.S. unemployment rate above 8% . After this expected rise, the Company assumes that its loan losses will immediately revert back to long-term historical averages. Along with its forecasted unemployment considerations, the Company made the following pandemic-related considerations within its ACLL during 2020: ● The Company accommodated deferral and forbearance requests for approximately 20% of its Traditional Bank loan portfolio due to COVID-19 hardship and increased its ACLL for the higher risk of loss on this accommodated portfolio. ● The Company increased its ACLL for the higher risk of loss for industries more directly impacted by the pandemic, such as the hospitality industry. ● For its CRE loan pool, the Company used forecasted vacancy rates on CRE within its market footprint. Vacancy rates as of September 2020 were forecasted to increase in the one-year horizon partially due to a rise in “work-from-home” culture. Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets Detail of nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets and select credit quality ratios follows: (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Loans on nonaccrual status* $ 20,910 $ 23,332 Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual** 175 157 Total nonperforming loans 21,085 23,489 Other real estate owned 2,056 113 Total nonperforming assets $ 23,141 $ 23,602 Credit Quality Ratios - Total Company: Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.42 % 0.53 % Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.46 0.53 Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.37 0.42 Credit Quality Ratios - Core Bank: Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.43 % 0.54 % Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.47 0.54 Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.39 0.43 * Loans on nonaccrual status include collateral-dependent loans. ** Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller balance consumer loans. The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual by class of loans: Past Due 90-Days-or-More Nonaccrual and Still Accruing Interest* (in thousands) September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 14,682 $ 12,220 $ — $ — Nonowner occupied 116 623 — — Commercial real estate 3,206 6,865 — — Construction & land development — 143 — — Commercial & industrial 522 1,424 — — Paycheck Protection Program — — — — Lease financing receivables — — — — Aircraft — — — — Home equity 2,210 1,865 — — Consumer: Credit cards — — — — Overdrafts — — — — Automobile loans 161 179 — — Other consumer 13 13 — — Total Traditional Banking 20,910 23,332 — — Warehouse lines of credit — — — — Total Core Banking 20,910 23,332 — — Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — — — Other TRS loans — — 140 53 Republic Credit Solutions — — 35 104 Total Republic Processing Group — — 175 157 Total $ 20,910 $ 23,332 $ 175 $ 157 * Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller balance consumer loans. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended As of September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020 Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Total Interest Income Interest Income Loans with Loans without Nonaccrual Recognized Recognized (in thousands) ACLL ACLL Loans on Nonaccrual Loans* on Nonaccrual Loans* Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 2,670 $ 12,012 $ 14,682 $ 252 $ 649 Nonowner occupied — 116 116 2 6 Commercial real estate 328 2,878 3,206 17 854 Construction & land development — — — 7 7 Commercial & industrial — 522 522 7 16 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — Lease financing receivables — — — — — Aircraft — — — — — Home equity 147 2,063 2,210 29 81 Consumer 94 80 174 3 9 Total $ 3,239 $ 17,671 $ 20,910 $ 317 $ 1,622 * Includes interest income for loans on nonaccrual as of the beginning of the period that were paid off during the period. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual include both smaller balance, primarily retail, homogeneous loans. Nonaccrual loans are typically returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and held current for six consecutive months and future contractual payments are reasonably assured. TDRs on nonaccrual status are reviewed for return to accrual status on an individual basis, with additional consideration given to performance under the modified terms. Delinquent Loans The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in loans by class of loans: 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 or More September 30, 2020 Days Days Days Total Total (dollars in thousands) Delinquent Delinquent Delinquent* Delinquent** Current Total Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 621 $ 497 $ 2,376 $ 3,494 $ 881,517 $ 885,011 Nonowner occupied — — — — 256,319 256,319 Commercial real estate 2,739 — 2,878 5,617 1,303,250 1,308,867 Construction & land development — — — — 142,465 142,465 Commercial & industrial — — 488 488 337,437 337,925 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — 514,550 514,550 Lease financing receivables — — — — 11,204 11,204 Aircraft — — — — 87,555 87,555 Home equity 270 — 826 1,096 251,743 252,839 Consumer: Credit cards 62 63 — 125 14,248 14,373 Overdrafts 141 — — 141 564 705 Automobile loans 68 — 26 94 35,589 35,683 Other consumer 8 6 — 14 8,994 9,008 Total Traditional Banking 3,909 566 6,594 11,069 3,845,435 3,856,504 Warehouse lines of credit — — — — 1,028,675 1,028,675 Total Core Banking 3,909 566 6,594 11,069 4,874,110 4,885,179 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — — — — — Other TRS loans — — 140 140 93 233 Republic Credit Solutions 4,459 1,350 35 5,844 103,118 108,962 Total Republic Processing Group 4,459 1,350 175 5,984 103,211 109,195 Total $ 8,368 $ 1,916 $ 6,769 $ 17,053 $ 4,977,321 $ 4,994,374 Delinquency ratio*** 0.17 % 0.04 % 0.14 % 0.34 % * All loans past due 90-days-or-more, excluding small balance consumer loans, were on nonaccrual status. ** Delinquent status may be determined by either the number of days past due or number of payments past due. *** Represents total loans 30-days-or-more past due by aging category divided by total loans. 30 - 59 60 - 89 90 or More December 31, 2019 Days Days Days Total Total (dollars in thousands) Delinquent Delinquent Delinquent* Delinquent** Current Total Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 1,460 $ 1,153 $ 1,821 $ 4,434 $ 945,134 $ 949,568 Nonowner occupied — — 539 539 258,264 258,803 Commercial real estate 155 — 3,145 3,300 1,299,700 1,303,000 Construction & land development — — — — 159,702 159,702 Commercial & industrial 200 128 1,027 1,355 466,854 468,209 Lease financing receivables — — — — 14,040 14,040 Aircraft — — — — 58,941 58,941 Home equity 1,810 166 942 2,918 290,268 293,186 Consumer: Credit cards 80 75 — 155 17,681 17,836 Overdrafts 278 4 1 283 1,239 1,522 Automobile loans 16 15 18 49 52,874 52,923 Other consumer 2 6 1 9 18,192 18,201 Total Traditional Banking 4,001 1,547 7,494 13,042 3,582,889 3,595,931 Warehouse lines of credit — — — — 717,458 717,458 Total Core Banking 4,001 1,547 7,494 13,042 4,300,347 4,313,389 Rep |