LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The composition of the loan portfolio follows: (in thousands) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 827,898 $ 879,800 Nonowner occupied 294,818 264,780 Commercial real estate 1,393,241 1,349,085 Construction & land development 105,968 98,674 Commercial & industrial 333,795 325,596 Paycheck Protection Program 126,271 392,319 Lease financing receivables 9,427 10,130 Aircraft 130,398 101,375 Home equity 215,282 240,640 Consumer: Credit cards 14,781 14,196 Overdrafts 753 587 Automobile loans 17,533 30,300 Other consumer 6,223 8,167 Total Traditional Banking 3,476,388 3,715,649 Warehouse lines of credit* 750,682 962,796 Total Core Banking 4,227,070 4,678,445 Republic Processing Group*: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — Other TRS loans 1 — Republic Credit Solutions 116,711 110,893 Total Republic Processing Group 116,712 110,893 Total loans** 4,343,782 4,789,338 Allowance for credit losses (63,024) (61,067) Total loans, net $ 4,280,758 $ 4,728,271 *Identifies loans to borrowers located primarily outside of the Bank’s market footprint. ** Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan origination fees and costs. See table directly below for expanded detail. The following table reconciles the contractually receivable and carrying amounts of loans: (in thousands) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Contractually receivable $ 4,348,535 $ 4,797,297 Unearned income (598) (708) Unamortized premiums 121 216 Unaccreted discounts (688) (988) PPP net unamortized deferred origination fees and costs (3,986) (8,564) Other net unamortized deferred origination fees and costs 398 2,085 Carrying value of loans $ 4,343,782 $ 4,789,338 Paycheck Protection Program The CARES Act was enacted in March 2020 and provided for the SBA’s PPP, which allowed the Bank to lend to its qualifying small business clients to assist them in their efforts to meet their cash-flow needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Economic Aid Act was enacted in December 2020 and provided for a second round of PPP loans. PPP loans are fully backed by the SBA and may be entirely forgiven if the loan client uses loan funds for qualifying reasons. million of unaccreted PPP fees reported as a credit offset to these originated balances. Unaccreted PPP fees will generally be recognized into income over the estimated remaining life of the PPP portfolio, with fee recognition accelerated if loans are forgiven or repaid earlier than estimated. To provide liquidity to banks administering the SBA’s PPP, the FRB created the PPPLF, a lending facility secured by the PPP loans of the participating banks. As of September 30, 2021, the Bank had no outstanding borrowings from the FRB under the PPPLF. Credit Quality Indicators The following tables include loans by segment, risk category, and, for non-revolving loans, origination year. Loan segments and risk categories as of September 30, 2021 remain unchanged from those defined in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Regarding origination year, loan extensions and renewals are generally considered originated in the year extended or renewed unless the loan is classified as a TDR. Loan extensions and renewals classified as TDRs generally receive no change in origination date upon extension or renewal. Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted As of September 30, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Residential real estate owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 170,594 $ 229,444 $ 96,923 $ 56,318 $ 251,929 $ — $ — $ 805,208 Special Mention 304 — — 36 8,509 — — 8,849 Substandard — 557 685 1,006 11,593 — — 13,841 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 170,898 $ 230,001 $ 97,608 $ 57,360 $ 272,031 $ — $ — $ 827,898 Residential real estate nonowner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 75,983 $ 71,290 $ 50,082 $ 32,111 $ 61,625 $ — $ 3,588 $ 294,679 Special Mention — — — — 40 — — 40 Substandard — — — — 99 — — 99 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 75,983 $ 71,290 $ 50,082 $ 32,111 $ 61,764 $ — $ 3,588 $ 294,818 Commercial real estate: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 362,616 $ 271,691 $ 179,046 $ 104,300 $ 311,904 $ — $ 79,005 $ 1,308,562 Special Mention 12,103 2,411 29,879 11,535 19,767 — — 75,695 Substandard — 2,576 266 — 3,941 — 2,201 8,984 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 374,719 $ 276,678 $ 209,191 $ 115,835 $ 335,612 $ — $ 81,206 $ 1,393,241 Construction and land development: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 59,659 $ 37,136 $ 4,384 $ 1,527 $ 593 $ — $ — $ 103,299 Special Mention — 310 2,359 — — — — 2,669 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 59,659 $ 37,446 $ 6,743 $ 1,527 $ 593 $ — $ — $ 105,968 Commercial and industrial: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 117,127 $ 55,354 $ 66,818 $ 21,262 $ 48,361 $ — $ 4,112 $ 313,034 Special Mention 15,398 2,344 800 43 2,095 — — 20,680 Substandard — 48 — — 33 — — 81 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 132,525 $ 57,746 $ 67,618 $ 21,305 $ 50,489 $ — $ 4,112 $ 333,795 Paycheck Protection Program: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 107,498 $ 18,773 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 126,271 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 107,498 $ 18,773 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 126,271 Lease financing receivables: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 2,068 $ 903 $ 2,896 $ 1,406 $ 2,154 $ — $ — $ 9,427 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 2,068 $ 903 $ 2,896 $ 1,406 $ 2,154 $ — $ — $ 9,427 Aircraft: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 47,983 $ 46,405 $ 24,134 $ 10,049 $ 1,827 $ — $ — $ 130,398 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 47,983 $ 46,405 $ 24,134 $ 10,049 $ 1,827 $ — $ — $ 130,398 Home equity: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 213,297 $ — $ 213,297 Special Mention — — — — — 125 — 125 Substandard — — — — — 1,860 — 1,860 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 215,282 $ — $ 215,282 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) Amortized Converted As of September 30, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Consumer: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 844 $ 725 $ 10,451 $ 5,156 $ 6,864 $ 14,880 $ — $ 38,920 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 25 47 298 — — 370 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 844 $ 725 $ 10,476 $ 5,203 $ 7,162 $ 14,880 $ — $ 39,290 Warehouse: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 750,682 $ — $ 750,682 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 750,682 $ — $ 750,682 TRS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ — $ 1 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1 $ — $ 1 RCS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 23,112 $ 9,275 $ 2,387 $ 985 $ 3,943 $ 76,004 $ — $ 115,706 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 1,005 — 1,005 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 23,112 $ 9,275 $ 2,387 $ 985 $ 3,943 $ 77,009 $ — $ 116,711 Grand Total: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 967,484 $ 740,996 $ 437,121 $ 233,114 $ 689,200 $ 1,054,864 $ 86,705 $ 4,209,484 Special Mention 27,805 5,065 33,038 11,614 30,411 125 — 108,058 Substandard — 3,181 976 1,053 15,964 2,865 2,201 26,240 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Grand Total $ 995,289 $ 749,242 $ 471,135 $ 245,781 $ 735,575 $ 1,057,854 $ 88,906 $ 4,343,782 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted As of December 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Residential real estate owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 268,313 $ 132,018 $ 82,754 $ 67,430 $ 301,366 $ — $ — $ 851,881 Special Mention — 364 42 1,610 8,730 — — 10,746 Substandard 394 1,423 1,331 614 13,411 — — 17,173 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 268,707 $ 133,805 $ 84,127 $ 69,654 $ 323,507 $ — $ — $ 879,800 Residential real estate nonowner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 73,291 $ 63,102 $ 43,610 $ 45,759 $ 38,316 $ — $ 621 $ 264,699 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — 81 — — 81 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 73,291 $ 63,102 $ 43,610 $ 45,759 $ 38,397 $ — $ 621 $ 264,780 Commercial real estate: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 315,550 $ 258,251 $ 166,542 $ 171,207 $ 315,336 $ — $ 55,949 $ 1,282,835 Special Mention 3,397 30,969 236 11,355 9,659 — — 55,616 Substandard 2,596 349 — 987 3,899 — 2,803 10,634 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 321,543 $ 289,569 $ 166,778 $ 183,549 $ 328,894 $ — $ 58,752 $ 1,349,085 Construction and land development: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 53,972 $ 31,756 $ 7,840 $ 701 $ 1,964 $ — $ — $ 96,233 Special Mention — 2,397 — — — — — 2,397 Substandard — 44 — — — — — 44 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 53,972 $ 34,197 $ 7,840 $ 701 $ 1,964 $ — $ — $ 98,674 Commercial and industrial: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 105,985 $ 84,575 $ 33,391 $ 32,303 $ 46,697 $ — $ 1,040 $ 303,991 Special Mention 18,195 800 — — 2,215 — — 21,210 Substandard 383 12 — — — — — 395 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 124,563 $ 85,387 $ 33,391 $ 32,303 $ 48,912 $ — $ 1,040 $ 325,596 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) Amortized Converted As of December 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Paycheck Protection Program: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 392,319 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 392,319 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 392,319 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 392,319 Lease financing receivables: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 1,117 $ 3,663 $ 1,814 $ 2,847 $ 689 $ — $ — $ 10,130 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 1,117 $ 3,663 $ 1,814 $ 2,847 $ 689 $ — $ — $ 10,130 Aircraft: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 55,823 $ 30,529 $ 13,804 $ 1,219 $ — $ — $ — $ 101,375 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 55,823 $ 30,529 $ 13,804 $ 1,219 $ — $ — $ — $ 101,375 Home equity: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 237,633 $ — $ 237,633 Special Mention — — — — — 127 — 127 Substandard — — — — — 2,880 — 2,880 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 240,640 $ — $ 240,640 Consumer: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 425 $ 13,636 $ 8,563 $ 7,125 $ 8,648 $ 14,321 $ — $ 52,718 Special Mention — — — — 5 — — 5 Substandard — 32 49 229 212 5 — 527 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 425 $ 13,668 $ 8,612 $ 7,354 $ 8,865 $ 14,326 $ — $ 53,250 Warehouse: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 962,796 $ — $ 962,796 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 962,796 $ — $ 962,796 TRS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — RCS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 27,683 $ 5,704 $ 2,485 $ 1,232 $ 19,095 $ 54,348 $ — $ 110,547 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 346 — 346 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 27,683 $ 5,704 $ 2,485 $ 1,232 $ 19,095 $ 54,694 $ — $ 110,893 Grand Total: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 1,294,478 $ 623,234 $ 360,803 $ 329,823 $ 732,111 $ 1,269,098 $ 57,610 $ 4,667,157 Special Mention 21,592 34,530 278 12,965 20,609 127 — 90,101 Substandard 3,373 1,860 1,380 1,830 17,603 3,231 2,803 32,080 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Grand Total $ 1,319,443 $ 659,624 $ 362,461 $ 344,618 $ 770,323 $ 1,272,456 $ 60,413 $ 4,789,338 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The following table presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio class: ACLL Rollforward Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 Beginning Charge- Ending Beginning Charge- Ending (in thousands) Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 8,977 $ (677) $ — $ 329 $ 8,629 $ 9,303 $ 330 $ (13) $ 21 $ 9,641 Nonowner occupied 2,551 47 — — 2,598 2,274 96 — 7 2,377 Commercial real estate 23,307 286 — 3 23,596 16,300 4,663 — — 20,963 Construction & land development 3,299 376 — — 3,675 4,940 (341) — — 4,599 Commercial & industrial 4,117 (139) (35) 16 3,959 2,405 654 (255) 80 2,884 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — — — — — — Lease financing receivables 97 2 — — 99 125 (8) — — 117 Aircraft 303 23 — — 326 208 11 — — 219 Home equity 4,305 (63) — 5 4,247 5,124 (7) (14) 21 5,124 Consumer: Credit cards 949 22 (40) 20 951 928 36 (29) 7 942 Overdrafts 717 143 (195) 88 753 488 324 (157) 50 705 Automobile loans 273 (34) (19) 6 226 473 (67) — — 406 Other consumer 467 (28) (25) 14 428 609 92 (41) 20 680 Total Traditional Banking 49,362 (42) (314) 481 49,487 43,177 5,783 (509) 206 48,657 Warehouse lines of credit 2,100 (223) — — 1,877 2,575 (3) — — 2,572 Total Core Banking 51,462 (265) (314) 481 51,364 45,752 5,780 (509) 206 51,229 Republic Processing Group (includes discontinued operations): Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances (discontinued operations) — (2,242) — 2,242 — — (4,294) — 4,294 — Other TRS loans (discontinued operations) — (19) — 19 — 211 (48) (22) — 141 Republic Credit Solutions (continuing operations) 8,829 3,820 (1,064) 75 11,660 9,134 (12) (684) 83 8,521 Total Republic Processing Group 8,829 1,559 (1,064) 2,336 11,660 9,345 (4,354) (706) 4,377 8,662 Total $ 60,291 $ 1,294 $ (1,378) $ 2,817 $ 63,024 $ 55,097 $ 1,426 $ (1,215) $ 4,583 $ 59,891 ACLL Rollforward Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 Beginning Charge- Ending Beginning ASC 326 Charge- Ending (in thousands) Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Balance Adoption Provision offs Recoveries Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 9,715 $ (1,461) $ — $ 375 $ 8,629 $ 4,729 $ 4,199 $ 648 $ (40) $ 105 $ 9,641 Nonowner occupied 2,466 131 — 1 2,598 1,737 148 481 — 11 2,377 Commercial real estate 23,606 336 (428) 82 23,596 10,486 273 10,002 (270) 472 20,963 Construction & land development 3,274 401 — — 3,675 2,152 1,447 1,000 — — 4,599 Commercial & industrial 2,797 1,170 (35) 27 3,959 2,882 (1,318) 1,643 (447) 124 2,884 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — — — — — — — Lease financing receivables 106 (7) — — 99 147 — (30) — — 117 Aircraft 253 73 — — 326 176 — 43 — — 219 Home equity 4,990 (789) — 46 4,247 2,721 1,652 657 (14) 108 5,124 Consumer: Credit cards 929 108 (130) 44 951 1,020 33 74 (206) 21 942 Overdrafts 587 351 (444) 259 753 1,169 — 13 (660) 183 705 Automobile loans 399 (178) (19) 24 226 612 (7) (220) (8) 29 406 Other consumer 577 (137) (56) 44 428 374 307 (81) (86) 166 680 Total Traditional Banking 49,699 (2) (1,112) 902 49,487 28,205 6,734 14,230 (1,731) 1,219 48,657 Warehouse lines of credit 2,407 (530) — — 1,877 1,794 — 778 — — 2,572 Total Core Banking 52,106 (532) (1,112) 902 51,364 29,999 6,734 15,008 (1,731) 1,219 51,229 Republic Processing Group (includes discontinued operations): Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances (discontinued operations) — 7,984 (10,256) 2,272 — — — 15,239 (19,575) 4,336 — Other TRS loans (discontinued operations) 158 (134) (51) 27 — 234 — — (94) 1 141 Republic Credit Solutions (continuing operations) 8,803 5,037 (2,427) 247 11,660 13,118 — 251 (5,401) 553 8,521 Total Republic Processing Group 8,961 12,887 (12,734) 2,546 11,660 13,352 — 15,490 (25,070) 4,890 8,662 Total $ 61,067 $ 12,355 $ (13,846) $ 3,448 $ 63,024 $ 43,351 $ 6,734 $ 30,498 $ (26,801) $ 6,109 $ 59,891 The cumulative loss rate used as the basis for the estimate of the Company’s ACLL as of September 30, 2021 was primarily based on a static pool analysis of each of the Company’s loan pools using the Company’s loss experience from 2013 through 2020, supplemented by qualitative factor adjustments for current and forecasted conditions. The Company employs one-year forecasts of unemployment and CRE values within its ACLL model, with reversion to long-term averages following the forecasted period. The cumulative loss rate within the Company’s ACLL also includes estimated losses based on an individual evaluation of loans which are either collateral dependent or which do not share risk characteristics with pooled loans, e.g., TDRs. For its CRE loan pool, the Company employed a one-year forecast of CRE vacancy rates through March 31, 2021 but discontinued use of this forecast during the second quarter of 2021 in favor of a one-year forecast of general CRE values. This change in forecast method had no material impact on the Company’s ACLL. Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets Detail of nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets, and select credit quality ratios follows: (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Loans on nonaccrual status* $ 20,252 $ 23,548 Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual** 691 47 Total nonperforming loans 20,943 23,595 Other real estate owned 1,845 2,499 Total nonperforming assets $ 22,788 $ 26,094 Credit Quality Ratios - Total Company: Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.48 % 0.49 % Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.52 0.54 Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.37 0.42 Credit Quality Ratios - Core Bank: Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.48 % 0.50 % Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.52 0.56 Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.39 0.45 * Loans on nonaccrual status include collateral-dependent loans. ** Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller balance consumer loans. The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual by class of loans: Past Due 90-Days-or-More Nonaccrual and Still Accruing Interest* (in thousands) September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 11,708 $ 14,328 $ — $ — Nonowner occupied 99 81 — — Commercial real estate 6,607 6,762 — — Construction & land development — — — — Commercial & industrial 93 55 — — Paycheck Protection Program — — — Lease financing receivables — — — — Aircraft — — — Home equity 1,657 2,141 — — Consumer: Credit cards — — — 5 Overdrafts — — — — Automobile loans 84 170 — — Other consumer 4 11 — — Total Traditional Banking 20,252 23,548 — 5 Warehouse lines of credit — — — — Total Core Banking 20,252 23,548 — 5 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — — — Other TRS loans — — — — Republic Credit Solutions — — 691 42 Total Republic Processing Group — — 691 42 Total $ 20,252 $ 23,548 $ 691 $ 47 * Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller balance consumer loans. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended As of September 30, 2021 September 30, 2021 September 30, 2021 Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Total Interest Income Interest Income Loans with Loans without Nonaccrual Recognized Recognized (in thousands) ACLL ACLL Loans on Nonaccrual Loans* on Nonaccrual Loans* Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 2,041 $ 9,667 $ 11,708 $ 225 $ 672 Nonowner occupied 33 66 99 2 5 Commercial real estate 4,153 2,454 6,607 16 125 Construction & land development — — — — — Commercial & industrial 45 48 93 — 2 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — Lease financing receivables — — — — — Aircraft — — — — — Home equity 63 1,594 1,657 19 121 Consumer 14 74 88 4 8 Total $ 6,349 $ 13,903 $ 20,252 $ 266 $ 933 * I |