LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The composition of the loan portfolio follows: (in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 832,137 $ 820,731 Nonowner occupied 313,534 306,323 Commercial real estate 1,569,119 1,456,009 Construction & land development 137,452 129,337 Commercial & industrial 394,175 340,363 Paycheck Protection Program 14,657 56,014 Lease financing receivables 11,345 8,637 Aircraft 159,958 142,894 Home equity 214,069 210,578 Consumer: Credit cards 15,419 14,510 Overdrafts 901 683 Automobile loans 9,579 14,448 Other consumer 1,245 1,432 Total Traditional Banking 3,673,590 3,501,959 Warehouse lines of credit* 596,678 850,550 Total Core Banking 4,270,268 4,352,509 Republic Processing Group*: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — Other TRS loans 149 50,987 Republic Credit Solutions 91,816 93,066 Total Republic Processing Group 91,965 144,053 Total loans** 4,362,233 4,496,562 Allowance for credit losses (64,449) (64,577) Total loans, net $ 4,297,784 $ 4,431,985 *Identifies loans to borrowers located primarily outside of the Bank’s market footprint. ** Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts, and net loan origination fees and costs. See table directly below for expanded detail. The following table reconciles the contractually receivable and carrying amounts of loans: (in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Contractually receivable $ 4,364,937 $ 4,498,671 Unearned income (679) (542) Unamortized premiums 111 116 Unaccreted discounts (574) (641) PPP net unamortized deferred origination (fees) and costs (303) (1,203) Other net unamortized deferred origination (fees) and costs (1,259) 161 Carrying value of loans $ 4,362,233 $ 4,496,562 Paycheck Protection Program The CARES Act was enacted in March 2020 and provided for the SBA’s PPP, which allowed the Bank to lend to its qualifying small business clients to assist them in their efforts to meet their cashflow needs during the COVID pandemic. The Economic Aid Act was enacted in December 2020 and provided for a second round of PPP loans. PPP loans are fully backed by the SBA and may be entirely forgiven if the loan client uses loan funds for qualifying reasons. As of June 30, 2022, net PPP loans of $15 million remained on the Traditional Bank’s balance sheet compared to $56 million as of December 31, 2021 . PPP fees recognized by the Company for the first six months of 2022 and 2021 were Credit Quality Indicators The following tables include loans by segment, risk category, and, for non-revolving loans, origination year. Loan segments and risk categories as of June 30, 2022 remain unchanged from those defined in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Regarding origination year, loan extensions and renewals are generally considered originated in the year extended or renewed unless the loan is classified as a TDR. Loan extensions and renewals classified as TDRs generally receive no change in origination date upon extension or renewal. Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted As of June 30, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Residential real estate owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 95,596 $ 201,218 $ 200,132 $ 78,397 $ 235,958 $ — $ — $ 811,301 Special Mention — — — 189 7,681 — — 7,870 Substandard — 4 1,089 1,356 10,517 — — 12,966 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 95,596 $ 201,222 $ 201,221 $ 79,942 $ 254,156 $ — $ — $ 832,137 Residential real estate nonowner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 45,525 $ 98,419 $ 58,325 $ 36,582 $ 68,566 $ — $ 5,863 $ 313,280 Special Mention — — — — 126 — — 126 Substandard — 38 — — 90 — — 128 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 45,525 $ 98,457 $ 58,325 $ 36,582 $ 68,782 $ — $ 5,863 $ 313,534 Commercial real estate: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 252,650 $ 439,645 $ 228,470 $ 145,692 $ 315,211 $ 24,040 $ 104,446 $ 1,510,154 Special Mention 1,324 13,043 2,406 23,495 15,431 250 — 55,949 Substandard — — — — 3,016 — — 3,016 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 253,974 $ 452,688 $ 230,876 $ 169,187 $ 333,658 $ 24,290 $ 104,446 $ 1,569,119 Construction and land development: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 50,812 $ 76,293 $ 5,013 $ 770 $ 2,744 $ 1,820 $ — $ 137,452 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 50,812 $ 76,293 $ 5,013 $ 770 $ 2,744 $ 1,820 $ — $ 137,452 Commercial and industrial: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 53,046 $ 91,908 $ 26,068 $ 46,155 $ 52,459 $ 104,097 $ 2,824 $ 376,557 Special Mention 591 14,083 — 693 1,831 300 — 17,498 Substandard — — — 120 — — — 120 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 53,637 $ 105,991 $ 26,068 $ 46,968 $ 54,290 $ 104,397 $ 2,824 $ 394,175 Paycheck Protection Program: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ 12,207 $ 2,450 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 14,657 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ 12,207 $ 2,450 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 14,657 Lease financing receivables: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 4,423 $ 2,283 $ 617 $ 2,231 $ 1,791 $ — $ — $ 11,345 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 4,423 $ 2,283 $ 617 $ 2,231 $ 1,791 $ — $ — $ 11,345 Aircraft: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 32,905 $ 59,236 $ 39,231 $ 20,316 $ 8,270 $ — $ — $ 159,958 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 32,905 $ 59,236 $ 39,231 $ 20,316 $ 8,270 $ — $ — $ 159,958 Home equity: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 212,580 $ — $ 212,580 Special Mention — — — — — 348 — 348 Substandard — — — — — 1,141 — 1,141 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 214,069 $ — $ 214,069 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) Amortized Converted As of June 30, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Consumer: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 828 $ 682 $ 280 $ 3,430 $ 6,065 $ 15,522 $ — $ 26,807 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 13 324 — — 337 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 828 $ 682 $ 280 $ 3,443 $ 6,389 $ 15,522 $ — $ 27,144 Warehouse: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 596,678 $ — $ 596,678 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 596,678 $ — $ 596,678 TRS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 149 $ — $ 149 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 149 $ — $ 149 RCS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 4,438 $ 3,319 $ 2,049 $ 1,198 $ 27,648 $ 52,806 $ — $ 91,458 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 358 — 358 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 4,438 $ 3,319 $ 2,049 $ 1,198 $ 27,648 $ 53,164 $ — $ 91,816 Grand Total: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 540,223 $ 985,210 $ 562,635 $ 334,771 $ 718,712 $ 1,007,692 $ 113,133 $ 4,262,376 Special Mention 1,915 27,126 2,406 24,377 25,069 898 — 81,791 Substandard — 42 1,089 1,489 13,947 1,499 — 18,066 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Grand Total $ 542,138 $ 1,012,378 $ 566,130 $ 360,637 $ 757,728 $ 1,010,089 $ 113,133 $ 4,362,233 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted As of December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Residential real estate owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 218,981 $ 213,010 $ 89,186 $ 50,301 $ 226,852 $ — $ — $ 798,330 Special Mention 301 — — 33 8,209 — — 8,543 Substandard 45 870 679 1,189 11,075 — — 13,858 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 219,327 $ 213,880 $ 89,865 $ 51,523 $ 246,136 $ — $ — $ 820,731 Residential real estate nonowner occupied: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 107,041 $ 65,786 $ 44,376 $ 29,292 $ 55,872 $ — $ 3,729 $ 306,096 Special Mention — — — — 132 — — 132 Substandard — — — — 95 — — 95 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 107,041 $ 65,786 $ 44,376 $ 29,292 $ 56,099 $ — $ 3,729 $ 306,323 Commercial real estate: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 472,095 $ 256,039 $ 153,224 $ 94,212 $ 286,223 $ 25,188 $ 80,211 $ 1,367,192 Special Mention 20,059 2,399 29,639 11,207 18,778 — — 82,082 Substandard — 111 266 2,453 3,905 — — 6,735 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 492,154 $ 258,549 $ 183,129 $ 107,872 $ 308,906 $ 25,188 $ 80,211 $ 1,456,009 Construction and land development: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 88,743 $ 30,593 $ 2,599 $ 1,155 $ 128 $ 1,925 $ — $ 125,143 Special Mention — 524 3,670 — — — — 4,194 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 88,743 $ 31,117 $ 6,269 $ 1,155 $ 128 $ 1,925 $ — $ 129,337 Commercial and industrial: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 105,148 $ 34,361 $ 54,524 $ 18,110 $ 44,972 $ 60,454 $ 2,541 $ 320,110 Special Mention 15,015 1,921 785 34 1,956 350 — 20,061 Substandard — 13 179 — — — — 192 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 120,163 $ 36,295 $ 55,488 $ 18,144 $ 46,928 $ 60,804 $ 2,541 $ 340,363 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans (in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) Amortized Converted As of December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Paycheck Protection Program: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 40,607 $ 15,407 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 56,014 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 40,607 $ 15,407 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 56,014 Lease financing receivables: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 2,638 $ 839 $ 2,641 $ 1,264 $ 1,255 $ — $ — $ 8,637 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 2,638 $ 839 $ 2,641 $ 1,264 $ 1,255 $ — $ — $ 8,637 Aircraft: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 65,886 $ 43,301 $ 22,933 $ 9,119 $ 1,655 $ — $ — $ 142,894 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 65,886 $ 43,301 $ 22,933 $ 9,119 $ 1,655 $ — $ — $ 142,894 Home equity: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 208,429 $ — $ 208,429 Special Mention — — — — — 279 — 279 Substandard — — — — — 1,870 — 1,870 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 210,578 $ — $ 210,578 Consumer: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 978 $ 417 $ 4,694 $ 4,326 $ 5,768 $ 14,613 $ — $ 30,796 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 22 61 194 — — 277 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 978 $ 417 $ 4,716 $ 4,387 $ 5,962 $ 14,613 $ — $ 31,073 Warehouse: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 850,550 $ — $ 850,550 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 850,550 $ — $ 850,550 TRS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 50,987 $ — $ 50,987 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 50,987 $ — $ 50,987 RCS: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 5,524 $ 3,409 $ 1,642 $ 869 $ 3,699 $ 77,544 $ — $ 92,687 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 379 — 379 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 5,524 $ 3,409 $ 1,642 $ 869 $ 3,699 $ 77,923 $ — $ 93,066 Grand Total: Risk Rating Pass or not rated $ 1,107,641 $ 663,162 $ 375,819 $ 208,648 $ 626,424 $ 1,289,690 $ 86,481 $ 4,357,865 Special Mention 35,375 4,844 34,094 11,274 29,075 629 — 115,291 Substandard 45 994 1,146 3,703 15,269 2,249 — 23,406 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Grand Total $ 1,143,061 $ 669,000 $ 411,059 $ 223,625 $ 670,768 $ 1,292,568 $ 86,481 $ 4,496,562 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The following table presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio class: ACLL Rollforward Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Beginning Charge- Ending Beginning Charge- Ending (in thousands) Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 8,358 $ 62 $ — $ 25 $ 8,445 $ 9,489 $ (530) $ — $ 18 $ 8,977 Nonowner occupied 2,746 (14) — 1 2,733 2,532 18 — 1 2,551 Commercial real estate 24,624 (284) — 1 24,341 23,801 (506) — 12 23,307 Construction & land development 3,893 (302) — — 3,591 3,593 (294) — — 3,299 Commercial & industrial 3,412 348 — 8 3,768 2,718 1,395 — 4 4,117 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — — — — — — Lease financing receivables 109 10 — — 119 104 (7) — — 97 Aircraft 378 22 — — 400 265 38 — — 303 Home equity 4,044 (40) — 109 4,113 4,615 (344) — 34 4,305 Consumer: Credit cards 944 59 (31) 22 994 930 42 (33) 10 949 Overdrafts 716 315 (194) 64 901 473 281 (111) 74 717 Automobile loans 151 (32) — 3 122 334 (66) — 5 273 Other consumer 241 (38) (20) 17 200 533 (57) (17) 8 467 Total Traditional Banking 49,616 106 (245) 250 49,727 49,387 (30) (161) 166 49,362 Warehouse lines of credit 1,725 (234) — — 1,491 2,165 (65) — — 2,100 Total Core Banking 51,341 (128) (245) 250 51,218 51,552 (95) (161) 166 51,462 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances 8,315 564 (11,505) 2,626 — 16,019 (5,793) (10,256) 30 — Other TRS loans 55 (204) (153) 302 — 10 20 (30) — — Republic Credit Solutions 11,945 3,433 (2,411) 264 13,231 7,755 1,592 (597) 79 8,829 Total Republic Processing Group 20,315 3,793 (14,069) 3,192 13,231 23,784 (4,181) (10,883) 109 8,829 Total $ 71,656 $ 3,665 $ (14,314) $ 3,442 $ 64,449 $ 75,336 $ (4,276) $ (11,044) $ 275 $ 60,291 ACLL Rollforward Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Beginning Charge- Ending Beginning Charge- Ending (in thousands) Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Balance Provision offs Recoveries Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 8,647 $ (269) $ — $ 67 $ 8,445 $ 9,715 $ (783) $ — $ 45 $ 8,977 Nonowner occupied 2,700 31 — 2 2,733 2,466 84 — 1 2,551 Commercial real estate 23,769 570 — 2 24,341 23,606 49 (428) 80 23,307 Construction & land development 4,128 (537) — — 3,591 3,274 25 — — 3,299 Commercial & industrial 3,487 264 — 17 3,768 2,797 1,309 — 11 4,117 Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — — — — — — Lease financing receivables 91 28 — — 119 106 (9) — — 97 Aircraft 357 43 — — 400 253 50 — — 303 Home equity 4,111 (110) — 112 4,113 4,990 (726) — 41 4,305 Consumer: Credit cards 934 91 (70) 39 994 929 86 (90) 24 949 Overdrafts 683 503 (408) 123 901 587 208 (249) 171 717 Automobile loans 186 (68) — 4 122 399 (144) — 18 273 Other consumer 314 (113) (30) 29 200 577 (109) (31) 30 467 Total Traditional Banking 49,407 433 (508) 395 49,727 49,699 40 (798) 421 49,362 Warehouse lines of credit 2,126 (635) — — 1,491 2,407 (307) — — 2,100 Total Core Banking 51,533 (202) (508) 395 51,218 52,106 (267) (798) 421 51,462 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — 8,879 (11,505) 2,626 — — 10,226 (10,256) 30 — Other TRS loans 96 (607) (153) 664 — 158 (115) (51) 8 — Republic Credit Solutions 12,948 4,828 (5,084) 539 13,231 8,803 1,217 (1,362) 171 8,829 Total Republic Processing Group 13,044 13,100 (16,742) 3,829 13,231 8,961 11,328 (11,669) 209 8,829 Total $ 64,577 $ 12,898 $ (17,250) $ 4,224 $ 64,449 $ 61,067 $ 11,061 $ (12,467) $ 630 $ 60,291 The cumulative loss rate used as the basis for the estimate of the Company’s ACLL as of June 30, 2022 was primarily based on a static pool analysis of each of the Company’s loan pools using the Company’s loss experience from 2013 through 2022, supplemented by qualitative factor adjustments for current and forecasted conditions. The Company employs one-year forecasts of unemployment and CRE values within its ACLL model, with reversion to long-term averages following the forecasted period. The cumulative loss rate within the Company’s ACLL also includes estimated losses based on an individual evaluation of loans which are either collateral dependent or which do not share risk characteristics with pooled loans, e.g., TDRs. For its CRE loan pool, the Company employed a one-year forecast of CRE vacancy rates through March 31, 2021 but discontinued use of this forecast during the second quarter of 2021 in favor of a one-year forecast of general CRE values. This change in forecast method had no material impact on the Company’s ACLL. Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets Detail of nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets, and select credit quality ratios follows: (dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Loans on nonaccrual status* $ 16,168 $ 20,504 Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual** 42 48 Total nonperforming loans 16,210 20,552 Other real estate owned 1,687 1,792 Total nonperforming assets $ 17,897 $ 22,344 Credit Quality Ratios - Total Company: Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.37 % 0.46 % Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.41 0.50 Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.29 0.37 Credit Quality Ratios - Core Bank: Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.38 % 0.47 % Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.42 0.51 Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.32 0.40 * Loans on nonaccrual status include collateral-dependent loans. ** Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller balance consumer loans. The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual by class of loans: Past Due 90-Days-or-More Nonaccrual and Still Accruing Interest* (in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 11,538 $ 12,039 $ — $ — Nonowner occupied 128 95 — — Commercial real estate 3,228 6,557 — — Construction & land development — — — — Commercial & industrial — 13 — — Paycheck Protection Program — — — — Lease financing receivables — — — — Aircraft — — — — Home equity 1,016 1,700 — — Consumer: Credit cards — — — — Overdrafts — — — 1 Automobile loans 36 97 — — Other consumer 222 3 — — Total Traditional Banking 16,168 20,504 — 1 Warehouse lines of credit — — — — Total Core Banking 16,168 20,504 — 1 Republic Processing Group: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances — — — — Other TRS loans — — — — Republic Credit Solutions — — 42 47 Total Republic Processing Group — — 42 47 Total $ 16,168 $ 20,504 $ 42 $ 48 * Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller balance consumer loans. Three Months Ended Six Months Ended As of June 30, 2022 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2022 Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Total Interest Income Interest Income Loans with Loans without Nonaccrual Recognized Recognized (in thousands) ACLL ACLL Loans on Nonaccrual Loans* on Nonaccrual Loans* Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 18 $ 11,520 $ 11,538 $ 154 $ 257 Nonowner occupied 37 91 128 1 1 Commercial real estate 3,228 — 3,228 14 644 Construction & land development — — — — — Commercial & industrial — — — — — Paycheck Protection Program — — — — — Lease financing receivables — — — — — Aircraft — — — — — Home equity — 1,016 1,016 84 146 Consumer 11 247 258 48 52 Total $ 3,294 $ 12,874 $ 16,168 $ 301 $ 1,100 * Includes interest income for loans on nonaccrual as of the beginning of the period that were paid off during the period. Three Months Ended Six Months Ended As of December 31, 2021 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2021 Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Total Interest Income Interest Income Loans with Loans without Nonaccrual Recognized Recognized (in thousands) ACLL ACLL Loans on Nonaccrual Loans* on Nonaccrual Loans* Residential real estate: Owner occupied $ 1,944 $ 10,095 $ 12,039 $ 166 $ 414 Nonowner occupied 31 64 95 2 3 Commercial real estate 4,105 2,452 6,557 36 51 Construction & land development — — — — — Commercial & industrial — 13 13 — |