Current Expected Credit Losses | 4. Current Expected Credit Losses In 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASC Topic 326”), which amends previously issued guidance regarding the impairment of financial instruments by creating an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The standard requires financial assets measured on the amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The Company’s accounts receivable, financing receivables and variable consideration receivables are within the scope of ASU No. 2016-13. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable principally includes amounts currently due to the Company under theater sale and sales-type lease arrangements, contingent fees earned from theaters operators as a result of box office performance, and fees for theater maintenance services. To a lesser extent, accounts receivable also includes amounts due from movie studios and other content creators for digitally remastering films into IMAX formats, as well as for film distribution and post-production services. In order to mitigate the credit risk associated with accounts receivable, management performs an initial credit evaluation prior to entering into an arrangement with a customer and then regularly monitors the credit quality of each customer through an analysis of collections history and aging. This monitoring process includes meetings on at least a monthly basis to identify credit concerns and potential changes in credit quality classification. A customer may improve their credit quality classification once a substantial payment is made on an overdue balance or when the customer has agreed to a payment plan and payments have commenced in accordance with that plan. Changes in credit quality classification are dependent upon management approval. The Company’s internal credit quality classifications for theater operators are as follows: • Good Standing — The theater operator continues to be in good standing as payments and reporting are up to date. • Credit Watch — The theater operator has demonstrated a delay in payments, but continues to be in active communication with the Company. Theater operators placed on Credit Watch are subject to enhanced monitoring. In addition, depending on the size of the outstanding balance, length of time in arrears and other factors, future transactions may need to be approved by management. These receivables are in better condition than those in the Pre-Approved Transactions Only category, but are not in as good condition as the receivables in the Good Standing category. • Pre-Approved Transactions Only — The theater operator has demonstrated a delay in payments with little or no communication with the Company. All services and shipments to the theater operator must be reviewed and approved by management. These receivables are in better condition than those in the All Transactions Suspended category, but are not in as good condition as the receivables in the Credit Watch category. In certain situation, depending on the individual facts and circumstances related to each customer, finance income recognition may be suspended for the net investment in lease and financed sale receivable balances for customers in the Pre-Approved Transactions Only category. See below for a discussion of the Company’s net investment in leases and financed sale receivables. • All Transactions Suspended — The theater operator is severely delinquent, non-responsive or not negotiating in good faith with the Company. Once a theater operator is classified within the All Transactions Suspended category, the theater is placed on nonaccrual status and all revenue recognitions related to the theater are stopped. The ability of the Company to collect its accounts receivable balances is heavily dependent on the viability and solvency of individual theater operators which is significantly influenced by consumer behavior and general economic conditions. Theater operators, or other customers, may experience financial difficulties that could cause them to be unable to fulfill their payment obligations to the Company. The Company develops its estimate of credit losses by class of receivable and customer type through a calculation that utilizes historical loss rates which are then adjusted for specific receivables that are judged to have a higher than normal risk profile after taking into account management’s internal credit quality classifications, as well as macro-economic and industry risk factors. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020: Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Theater Operators Studios Other Total Theater Operators Studios Other Total Beginning balance $ 6,504 $ 3,983 $ 1,041 $ 11,528 $ 3,302 $ 893 $ 942 $ 5,137 Current period provision (107 ) 1,596 (203 ) 1,286 3,095 4,686 (104 ) 7,677 Write-offs — — — — — — — — Recoveries — — — — — — — — Foreign exchange (80 ) (124 ) — (204 ) (80 ) (124 ) — (204 ) Ending balance $ 6,317 $ 5,455 $ 838 $ 12,610 $ 6,317 $ 5,455 $ 838 $ 12,610 For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded provisions for current expected credit losses of $1.3 million and $7.7 million, respectively, reflecting a reduction in the credit quality of its theater and studio related accounts receivable, Financing Receivables Financing receivables are due from theater operators and consist of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and receivables associated with financed sales of IMAX Theater Systems. Similar to accounts receivable, management performs an initial credit evaluation prior to entering into an arrangement with a customer and then regularly monitors the credit quality of each customer through an analysis of collections history and aging. This monitoring process includes meetings on at least a monthly basis to identify credit concerns and potential changes in credit quality classification. A customer may improve their credit quality classification once a substantial payment is made on an overdue balance or when the customer has agreed to a payment plan and payments have commenced in accordance with that plan. Changes in credit quality classification are dependent upon management approval. The internal credit quality classifications utilized by the Company for accounts receivable, as described above, are also used for financing receivables. The ability of the Company to collect its financing receivable balances is heavily dependent on the viability and solvency of individual theater operators which is significantly influenced by consumer behavior and general economic conditions. Theater operators may experience financial difficulties that could cause them to be unable to fulfill their payment obligations to the Company. The Company develops its estimate of credit losses by class of receivable and customer type through a calculation that utilizes historical loss rates which are then adjusted for specific receivables that are judged to have a higher than normal risk profile after taking into account management’s internal credit quality classifications, as well as macro-economic and industry risk factors. As at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, financing receivables consist of the following: June 30, December 31, 2020 2019 Net investment in leases Gross minimum payments due under sales-type leases $ 17,142 $ 16,766 Unearned finance income (899 ) (1,005 ) Present value of minimum payments due under sales-type leases 16,243 15,761 Allowance for credit losses (459 ) (155 ) Net investment in leases 15,784 15,606 Financed sales receivables Gross minimum payments due under financed sales 142,380 146,660 Unearned finance income (30,590 ) (33,313 ) Present value of minimum payments due under financed sales 111,790 113,347 Allowance for credit losses (3,709 ) (915 ) Net financed sales receivables 108,081 112,432 Total financing receivables $ 123,865 $ 128,038 Net financed sales receivables due within one year $ 31,061 $ 27,595 Net financed sales receivables due after one year $ 77,020 $ 84,837 Total financed sales receivables $ 108,081 $ 112,432 As at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average interest rate associated with the Company’s sales-type lease arrangements and financed sale receivables, as applicable, are as follows: June 30, December 31, 2020 2019 Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) Sales-type lease arrangements 7.9 8.1 Weighted-average interest rate Sales-type lease arrangements 6.85 % 6.68 % Financed sales receivables 9.02 % 9.00 % The following tables provide information on the Company’s net investment in leases by credit quality indicator as at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: By Origination Year As at June 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total Net investment in leases: Credit quality classification: In good standing $ 924 $ 7,804 $ 2,991 $ 942 $ — $ 2,786 $ 15,447 Credit Watch — — — — — 88 88 Pre-approved transactions — — — — — — — Transactions suspended — — — — — 708 708 Total net investment in leases $ 924 $ 7,804 $ 2,991 $ 942 $ — $ 3,582 $ 16,243 Current-period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Current-period recoveries — — — — — — — Current-period net write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — By Origination Year As at December 31, 2019 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Prior Total Net investment in leases: Credit quality classification: In good standing $ 7,874 $ 3,045 $ 989 $ — $ — $ 3,186 $ 15,094 Credit Watch — — — — — 667 667 Pre-approved transactions — — — — — — — Transactions suspended — — — — — — — Total net investment in leases $ 7,874 $ 3,045 $ 989 $ — $ — $ 3,853 $ 15,761 The following tables provide information on the Company’s financed sale receivables by credit quality indicator as at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: By Origination Year As at June 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total Financed sales receivables: Credit quality classification: In good standing $ 1,606 $ 11,474 $ 14,382 $ 15,381 $ 15,495 $ 47,551 $ 105,889 Credit Watch — 331 — — 304 1,171 1,806 Pre-approved transactions — — — — 585 671 1,256 Transactions suspended — — — 896 937 1,006 2,839 Total financed sales receivables $ 1,606 $ 11,805 $ 14,382 $ 16,277 $ 17,321 $ 50,399 $ 111,790 Current-period gross write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Current-period recoveries — — — — — — — Current-period net write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — By Origination Year As at December 31, 2019 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Prior Total Financed sales receivables: Credit quality classification: In good standing $ 11,981 $ 14,414 $ 16,556 $ 15,208 $ — $ 44,291 $ 102,450 Credit Watch — — 637 1,687 — 6,955 9,279 Pre-approved transactions — — 250 295 — 285 830 Transactions suspended — — — 165 — 623 788 Total financed sales receivables $ 11,981 $ 14,414 $ 17,443 $ 17,355 $ — $ 52,154 $ 113,347 The following tables provide an aging analysis for the Company’s net investment in leases and financed sale receivables as at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: As at June 30, 2020 Accrued and Current 30-89 Days 90+ Days Billed Unbilled Recorded Receivable Allowance for Credit Losses Net Net investment in leases $ 11 $ 262 $ 735 $ 1,008 $ 15,235 $ 16,243 $ (459 ) $ 15,784 Financed sales receivables 688 2,941 10,166 13,795 97,995 111,790 (3,709 ) 108,081 Total $ 699 $ 3,203 $ 10,901 $ 14,803 $ 113,230 $ 128,033 $ (4,168 ) $ 123,865 As at December 31, 2019 Accrued and Current 30-89 Days 90+ Days Billed Unbilled Recorded Receivable Allowance for Credit Losses Net Net investment in leases $ 30 $ 68 $ 251 $ 349 $ 15,412 $ 15,761 $ (155 ) $ 15,606 Financed sales receivables 1,678 2,772 5,446 9,896 103,451 113,347 (915 ) 112,432 Total $ 1,708 $ 2,840 $ 5,697 $ 10,245 $ 118,863 $ 129,108 $ (1,070 ) $ 128,038 The Company considers financing receivables with an aging between 60-89 days as indications of theaters with potential collection concerns. The Company will begin to focus its review on these financing receivables and increase its discussions internally and with the theater regarding payment status. Once a theater’s aging exceeds 90 days, the Company’s policy is to perform an enhanced review to assess collectibility of the theater’s past due accounts. The over 90 days past due category may be an indicator of potential impairment as up to 90 days outstanding is considered to be a reasonable time to resolve any issues. Given the potential impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the Company’s customers, management is enhancing its monitoring procedures with respect to overdue receivables. The following table provides information about the Company’s net investment in leases and financed sale receivables with billed amounts past due for which it continues to accrue finance income as at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: As at June 30, 2020 Accrued and Current 30-89 Days 90+ Days Billed Unbilled Allowance for Credit Losses Net Net investment in leases $ 9 $ 255 $ 729 $ 993 $ 12,338 $ (264 ) $ 13,067 Financed sales receivables 570 2,862 10,187 13,619 64,654 (2,427 ) 75,846 Total $ 579 $ 3,117 $ 10,916 $ 14,612 $ 76,992 $ (2,691 ) $ 88,913 As at December 31, 2019 Accrued and Current 30-89 Days 90+ Days Billed Unbilled Allowance for Credit Losses Net Net investment in leases $ 9 $ 19 $ 251 $ 279 $ 578 $ — $ 857 Financed sales receivables 1,146 1,290 5,523 7,959 29,173 — 37,132 Total $ 1,155 $ 1,309 $ 5,774 $ 8,238 $ 29,751 $ — $ 37,989 The following table provides information about the Company’s net investment in leases and financed sale receivables that are on nonaccrual status as at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: As at June 30, 2020 As at December 31, 2019 Recorded Receivable Allowance for Credit Losses Net Recorded Receivable Allowance for Credit Losses Net Net investment in leases $ 708 $ (10 ) $ 698 $ — $ — $ — Net financed sales receivables 2,839 (1,032 ) 1,807 788 (732 ) 56 Total $ 3,547 $ (1,042 ) $ 2,505 $ 788 $ (732 ) $ 56 A theater operator that is classified within the “All Transactions Suspended” category is placed on nonaccrual status and all revenue recognitions related to the theater are stopped. While the recognition of finance income is suspended, payments received by a customer are applied against the outstanding balance owed. If payments are sufficient to cover any unreserved receivables, a recovery of provision taken on the billed amount, if applicable, is recorded to the extent of the residual cash received. Once the collectibility issues are resolved and the customer has returned to being in good standing, the Company will resume recognition of finance income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively (2019 — $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively) in finance income related to the net investment in leases with billed amounts past due. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized $0.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively (2019 —$2.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively) in finance income related to the financed sale receivables with billed amounts past due. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses related to the Company’s net investment in leases and financed sale receivables for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019: Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Net Investment Financed Net Investment Financed in Leases Sales Receivables in Leases Sales Receivables Beginning balance $ 464 $ 3,557 $ 155 $ 915 Current period provision (5 ) 171 304 2,813 Write-offs — — — — Recoveries — — — — Foreign exchange — (19 ) — (19 ) Ending balance $ 459 $ 3,709 $ 459 $ 3,709 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Net Investment Net Financed Net Investment Net Financed in Leases Sales Receivables in Leases Sales Receivables Beginning balance $ 155 $ 839 $ 155 $ 839 Charge-offs — — — — Recoveries — — — — Provision — — — — Ending balance $ 155 $ 839 $ 155 $ 839 For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a provision for current expected credit losses of $0.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively, reflecting a reduction in the credit quality of its theater related financing receivables, which management believes is primarily related to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Management’s judgments regarding expected credit losses are based on the facts available to management and involve estimates about the future. Due to the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, its effect on the Company’s customers and their ability to meet their financial obligations to the Company is difficult to predict. As a result, the Company’s judgments and associated estimates of credit losses may ultimately prove, with the benefit of hindsight, to be incorrect. (See Notes 1 and 2.) Variable Consideration Receivable In sale arrangements, variable consideration may become due to the Company from theater operators if certain annual minimum box office receipt thresholds are exceeded. Such variable consideration is recorded as revenue in the period when the sale is recognized and adjusted in future periods based on actual results and changes in estimates. Variable consideration is only recognized to the extent the Company believes there is not a risk of significant revenue reversal. The ability of the Company to collect its variable consideration receivables is heavily dependent on the viability and solvency of individual theater operators which is significantly influenced by consumer behavior and general economic conditions. Theater operators may experience financial difficulties that could cause them to be unable to fulfill their payment obligations to the Company. The Company develops its estimate of credit losses by class of receivable and customer type through a calculation utilizing historical loss rates for financed sale receivables which are then adjusted for specific receivables that are judged to have a higher than normal risk profile after taking into account management’s internal credit quality classifications, as well as macro-economic and industry risk factors. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses related to variable consideration receivables for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 : Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Theater Operators Theater Operators Beginning balance $ 875 $ — Current period provision (12 ) 863 Write-offs — — Recoveries — — Ending balance $ 863 $ 863 For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a provision of $0.9 million for current expected credit losses, reflecting a reduction in the credit quality of its theater related variable consideration receivables, which management believes is primarily related to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Management’s judgments regarding expected credit losses are based on the facts available to management and involve estimates about the future. Due to the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, its effect on the Company’s customers and their ability to meet their financial obligations to the Company is difficult to predict. As a result, the Company’s judgments and associated estimates of credit losses may ultimately prove, with the benefit of hindsight, to be incorrect. (See Notes 1 and 2.) |