Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Notes to Financial Statements | ' |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
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These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. |
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Reclassifications |
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Certain amounts in the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. This change in classification does not affect previously reported cash flows from operating or financing activities in the Company’s previously reported Statements of Cash Flows, or the Company’s previously reported Statements of Operations for any period. |
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Revenue Recognition |
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The Company manufactures proprietary products and other products based on design specifications provided by its customers. |
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The Company recognizes revenue only when all of the following criteria have been met: |
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| • | | Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; | | | | | |
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| • | | Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; | | | | | |
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| • | | The fee for the arrangement is fixed or determinable; and | | | | | |
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| • | | Collectibility is reasonably assured. | | | | | |
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Persuasive Evidence of an Arrangement — The Company documents all terms of an arrangement in a written contract signed by the customer prior to recognizing revenue. Receipt of a customer purchase order is the primary method of determining that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists. |
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Delivery Has Occurred or Services Have Been Rendered — The Company performs all services or delivers all products prior to recognizing revenue. Professional consulting and engineering services are considered to be performed when the services are complete. Equipment is considered delivered upon delivery to a customer’s designated location. In certain instances, the customer elects to take title upon shipment. |
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The Fee for the Arrangement is Fixed or Determinable — Prior to recognizing revenue, a customer’s fee is either fixed or determinable under the terms of the written contract. Fees professional consulting services, engineering services and equipment sales are fixed under the terms of the written contract. The customer’s fee is negotiated at the outset of the arrangement and is not subject to refund or adjustment during the initial term of the arrangement. |
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Collectibility is Reasonably Assured — The Company determines that collectibility is reasonably assured prior to recognizing revenue. Collectibility is assessed on a customer-by-customer basis based on criteria outlined by management. New customers are subject to a credit review process, which evaluates the customer’s financial position and ultimately its ability to pay. The Company does not enter into arrangements unless collectibility is reasonably assured at the outset. Existing customers are subject to ongoing credit evaluations based on payment history and other factors. If it is determined during the arrangement that collectibility is not reasonably assured, revenue is recognized on a cash basis. Amounts received upfront for engineering or development fees under multiple-element arrangements are deferred and recognized over the period of committed services or performance, if such arrangements require the Company to provide on-going services or performance. All amounts received under collaborative research agreements or research and development contracts are nonrefundable, regardless of the success of the underlying research. |
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Since some customer orders contain multiple items such as equipment and services which are delivered at varying times, the Company determines whether the delivered items can be considered separate units of accounting. Delivered items are considered separate units of accounting if delivered items have value to the customer on a standalone basis, there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of undelivered items, and if delivery of undelivered items is probable and substantially in the Company’s control. The recognition of revenue from milestone payments is over the remaining minimum period of performance obligation. As required, the Company evaluates its sales contract to ascertain whether multiple element agreements are present. |
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The Company recognizes engineering and construction contract revenues using the percentage-of-completion method, based primarily on contract costs incurred to date compared with total estimated contract costs. Customer-furnished materials, labor, and equipment, and in certain cases subcontractor materials, labor, and equipment, are included in revenues and cost of revenues when management believes that the company is responsible for the ultimate acceptability of the project. Contracts are segmented between types of services, such as engineering and construction, and accordingly, gross margin related to each activity is recognized as those separate services are rendered. Changes to total estimated contract costs or losses, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Claims against customers are recognized as revenue upon settlement. Revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed are classified as current assets under contract work-in-progress. Amounts billed to clients in excess of revenues recognized to date are classified as current liabilities under advance billings on contracts. Changes in project performance and conditions, estimated profitability, and final contract settlements may result in future revisions to engineering and development contract costs and revenue. |
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Deferred Revenues |
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The Company recognizes revenues as earned. Amounts billed in advance of the period in which service is rendered are recorded as a liability under deferred revenues. The Company has entered into several production and development contracts with customers. The Company has evaluated these contracts, ascertained the specific revenue generating activities of each contract, and established the units of accounting for each activity. Revenue on these units of accounting is not recognized until a) there is persuasive evidence of the existence of a contract, b) the service has been rendered and delivery has occurred, c) there is a fixed and determinable price, and d) collectability is reasonable assured. |
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Warranty Costs |
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The Company provides product warranties for specific product lines and accrues for estimated future warranty costs in the period in which revenue is recognized. Our products are generally warranted to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 12 to 24 months from the date of installation, subject to standard limitations for equipment that has been altered by other than Enova Systems personnel and equipment which has been subject to negligent use. Warranty provisions are based on past experience of product returns, number of units repaired and our historical warranty incidence over the past twenty-four month period. The warranty liability is evaluated on an ongoing basis for adequacy and may be adjusted as additional information regarding expected warranty costs becomes known. |
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Shipping and Handling Costs |
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The Company includes shipping and handling costs associated with inbound and outbound freight in costs of goods sold. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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Short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Certificates of deposits that have a penalty for early withdrawal are excluded from cash and cash equivalents. |
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Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable; however, changes in circumstances relating to accounts receivable may result in a requirement for additional allowances in the future. Past due balances over 90 days and other higher risk amounts are reviewed individually for collectability. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payment, additional allowances may be required. In addition, the Company maintains a general reserve for all invoices by applying a percentage based on the age category. Account balances are charged against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company maintained a reserve of $404,000 and $313,000 for doubtful accounts receivable. There was bad debt expense recorded of $108,000 in 2013 and $296,000 in 2012, respectively. |
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Inventory |
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Inventories and supplies are comprised of materials used in the design and development of electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell drive systems, and other power and ongoing management and control components for production and ongoing development contracts, finished goods and work-in-progress, and is stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost flow assumption. The Company maintains a perpetual inventory system and continuously records the quantity on-hand and standard cost for each product, including purchased components, subassemblies and finished goods. The Company maintains the integrity of perpetual inventory records through periodic physical counts of quantities on hand. Finished goods are reported as inventories until the point of transfer to the customer. Generally, title transfer is documented in the terms of sale. |
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Inventory reserve |
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The Company maintains an allowance against inventory for the potential future obsolescence or excess inventory. A substantial decrease in expected demand for our products, or decreases in our selling prices could lead to excess or overvalued inventories and could require us to substantially increase our allowance for excess inventory. If future customer demand or market conditions are less favorable than our projections, additional inventory write-downs may be required and would be reflected in cost of revenues in the period the revision is made. |
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Property and Equipment |
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Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from three to seven years using the straight-line method for financial statement purposes. The Company uses other depreciation methods (generally, accelerated depreciation methods) for tax purposes where appropriate. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. |
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Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that increase the value or productive capacity of assets are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired, sold, or otherwise disposed of, the asset’s cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. |
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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
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The Company reviews the carrying value of property and equipment for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. In cases where undiscounted expected future cash flows are less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to an amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of assets. The factors considered by management in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends, and prospects, as well as the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors. Long-lived assets that management commits to sell or abandon are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. |
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
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The carrying amount of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. The recorded values of notes payable and long-term debt approximate their fair values, as interest approximates market rates. |
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The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had no financial assets or liabilities periodically re-measured at fair value. |
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Stock-Based Compensation |
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The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options based on the estimated fair values at the date of grant. The compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period. |
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The Company’s determination of estimated fair value of share-based awards utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding certain highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards as well as actual and projected employee stock options exercise behaviors. |
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The cash flows from the tax benefits resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those options are to be classified as financing cash flows. Due to the Company’s loss position, there were no such tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. |
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The Company determines the fair value of the restricted stock awards utilizing the quoted market prices of the Company’s shares on the date they were granted. |
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Research and Development |
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Research development, and engineering costs are expensed in the period incurred. Costs of significantly altering existing technology are expensed as incurred. |
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Income Taxes |
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The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. This process involves calculating the temporary and permanent differences between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The temporary differences can result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which would be recorded on the Company’s balance sheets. The Company must assess the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent the Company believes that recovery is not likely, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. Changes in the Company’s valuation allowance in a period are recorded through the income tax provision on the statements of operations. |
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Uncertainty in income taxes are recognized in the Company’s financial statements based on the recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. During 2013 and 2012, the Company did not recognize any liability for unrecognized income tax benefits. |
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Loss Per Share |
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Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. The Company’s common share equivalents consist of stock options, warrants and preferred stock. |
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The potential shares, which are excluded from the determination of basic and diluted net loss per share as their effect is anti-dilutive, are as follows: |
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| | Fiscal Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2013 | | | 2012 | |
Options to purchase common stock | | | 5,210,000 | | | | 810,000 | |
Warrants to purchase common stock | | | 11,250,000 | | | | 11,250,000 | |
Common shares to be issued | | | 59,000 | | | | 59,000 | |
Series B preferred shares conversion | | | 24,000 | | | | 24,000 | |
Potential equivalent shares excluded | | | 16,543,000 | | | | 12,143,000 | |
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Commitments and Contingencies |
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Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed. |
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Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed. |
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Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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Concentration of Credit Risk |
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Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit, quality financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. With respect to accounts receivable, the Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and, as a consequence, believes that the receivable credit risk exposure is limited. |
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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Certain accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. |