FalconStor Software (FALC) 10-Q 2023 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 000-23970

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	77-0216135
( State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
501 Congress Avenue, Suite 150
Austin, TX	78701
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (631) 777-5188

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001 Par Value	FALC	OTCQB

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☒ No ☐

As of May 8, 2023, the registrant had 7,122,199 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

		Page
PART I.	Financial Information	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	4
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	8
	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33
PART II.	Other Information	34
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and use of Proceeds	35
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	35
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	35
Item 5	Other Information	35
Item 6.	Exhibits	36
SIGNATURES		37

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,839,227		$	2,011,062
Accounts receivable, net		1,790,174			2,278,802
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,033,747			897,493
Contract assets, net		247,451			181,933
Total current assets		4,910,599			5,369,290
Property and equipment, net		78,126			86,263
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		17,370			34,416
Software development costs, net		46,001			53,057
Other assets		37,741			98,747
Goodwill		4,150,339			4,150,339
Other intangible assets, net		13,285			20,086
Long-term contract assets, net		263,768			357,914
Total assets	$	9,517,229		$	10,170,112
Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	436,711		$	387,379
Accrued expenses		1,220,138			1,427,979
Current portion of lease liabilities		17,370			34,416
Short-term note payable		101,227			177,149
Deferred revenue		3,589,822			3,684,742
Total current liabilities		5,365,268			5,711,665
Other long-term liabilities		956,267			956,023
Notes payable, net of debt issuance costs and discounts		2,165,874			2,163,090
Deferred tax liabilities		537,766			537,651
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		1,402,131			1,281,107
Total liabilities		10,427,306			10,649,536
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 900,000 shares issued and outstanding, redemption value of $16,299,546 and $15,984,331, respectively		16,253,084			15,928,018
Stockholders' deficit:
Common stock, $.001 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 7,122,199 shares and 7,118,609 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		7,122			7,119
Additional paid-in capital		110,524,978			110,844,716
Accumulated deficit		(125,954,948	)		(125,507,178	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,740,313	)		(1,752,099	)
Total stockholders' deficit		(17,163,161	)		(16,407,442	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	9,517,229		$	10,170,112

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	1,022,186		$	594,928
Support and services revenue		1,246,210			1,454,179
Total revenue		2,268,396			2,049,107
Cost of revenue:
Product		34,129			20,719
Support and service		341,188			394,549
Total cost of revenue		375,317			415,268
Gross profit	$	1,893,079		$	1,633,839
Operating expenses:
Research and development costs		618,527			705,981
Selling and marketing		802,566			1,189,846
General and administrative		892,654			849,939
Restructuring costs		—			744
Total operating expenses		2,313,747			2,746,510
Operating income (loss)		(420,668	)		(1,112,671	)
Interest and other expense		(79,863	)		(117,995	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		(500,531	)		(1,230,666	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		(52,761	)		(121,260	)
Net income (loss)	$	(447,770	)	$	(1,109,406	)
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends		315,215			300,921
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock		9,851			14,815
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(772,836	)	$	(1,425,142	)
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.20	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.20	)
Weighted average basic shares outstanding		7,119,735			7,082,276
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		7,119,735			7,082,276

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Net income (loss)	$	(447,770	)	$	(1,109,406	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes
Foreign currency translation		11,786			33,510
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable    taxes:		11,786			33,510
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(435,984	)	$	(1,075,896	)
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable convertible preferred    stock dividends		315,215			300,921
Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable    convertible preferred stock		9,851			14,815
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common    stockholders	$	(761,050	)	$	(1,391,632	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

(UNAUDITED)

	Common Stock Outstanding		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net			Total Stockholders' Deficit
Balance at January 1, 2023		7,118,609	$	7,119	$	110,844,716		$	(125,507,178	)	$	(1,752,099	)	$	(16,407,442	)
Net income (loss)									(447,770	)					(447,770	)
Share-based compensation to employees						5,331									5,331
Shares issued in connection with vesting of restricted stock		3,590		3		(3	)								—
Accretion of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock						(9,851	)								(9,851	)
Dividends on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock						(315,215	)								(315,215	)
Foreign currency translation												11,786			11,786
Balance at March 31, 2023		7,122,199		7,122		110,524,978			(125,954,948	)		(1,740,313	)		(17,163,161	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

(UNAUDITED)

	Common Stock Outstanding		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net			Total Stockholders' Deficit
Balance at January 1, 2022		7,082,276	$	7,082	$	112,349,613		$	(123,462,638	)	$	(1,860,040	)	$	(12,965,983	)
Net income (loss)									(1,109,406	)					(1,109,406	)
Share-based compensation to employees						8,184									8,184
Shares issued in connection with vesting of restricted stock						—									—
Accretion of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock						(14,815	)								(14,815	)
Dividends on Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock						(300,921	)								(300,921	)
Foreign currency translation												33,510			33,510
Balance at March 31, 2022		7,082,276		7,082		112,042,061			(124,572,044	)		(1,826,530	)		(14,349,431	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(447,770	)	$	(1,109,406	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		25,101			35,519
Amortization of debt discount on notes payable		2,783			2,148
Amortization of right of use assets		17,046			21,512
Share-based payment compensation		5,331			8,184
Recovery of returns and doubtful accounts		33,695			(18,740	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		452,374			2,044,122
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(141,566	)		(222,019	)
Contract assets		28,628			13,120
Inventory		—			7,667
Other assets		63,516			5,437
Accounts payable		65,293			389,847
Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities		(204,083	)		(259,405	)
Operating lease liabilities		(17,046	)		(21,512	)
Deferred revenue		28,348			(682,055	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(88,350	)		214,419
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(2,898	)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(2,898	)		—
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash Paid for Payroll Taxes on Restricted Stock Unit Release		(681	)		—
Payments of short-term debt		(75,921	)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(76,602	)		—
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(3,985	)		(13,989	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(171,835	)		200,430
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		2,011,062			3,181,209
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,839,227		$	3,381,639
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest	$	46,746		$	21,554
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Undistributed Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends	$	315,215		$	300,921
Accretion of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock	$	9,851		$	14,815

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Basis of Presentation

(a) The Company and Nature of Operations

FalconStor Software, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("we", the "Company" or "FalconStor"), is a trusted data protection software leader modernizing disaster recovery and backup operations for the hybrid cloud world. The Company enables enterprise customers and managed service providers to secure, migrate, and protect their data while reducing data storage and long-term retention costs by up to 95%. More than 1,000 organizations and managed service providers worldwide standardize on FalconStor as the foundation for their cloud first data protection future.

(b) Liquidity

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficiency of $0.5 million, which is inclusive of current deferred revenue of $3.6 million, and a stockholders' deficit of $17.2 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had net loss of $0.4 million and negative cash flow from operations of $0.1 million. The Company's total cash balance as of March 31, 2023 was $1.8 million, a decrease of $0.2 million compared to $2.0 million on December 31, 2022.

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity as of March 31, 2023 consisted of cash and future cash anticipated to be generated from operations. The Company generated negative net income and negative cash flows from operations during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and it reported negative working capital as of March 31, 2023.

The Company is currently a party to an Amended and Restated Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2018, as amended December 27, 2019, by and between the Company and HCP-FVA, LLC (“HCP-FVA”), (the “Amended and Restated Loan Agreement”). In connection with the then-proposed public offering of the Company as described in the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, originally filed on June 3, 2021 (the "June Offering"), we entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital Partners, LP (“Hale Capital”), dated June 2, 2021 (the “Loan Extension Letter Agreement”), that provided for an extension of the maturity date on Hale Capital’s portion of the outstanding indebtedness owed under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement to June 30, 2023. The remaining principal amount outstanding, which was owed to other lenders, was repaid in full. On July 19, 2022, we entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital (the "Second Loan Extension Letter Agreement"), that provided for a subsequent extension of the maturity date on the outstanding indebtedness owed under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement from June 30, 2023 to December 31, 2023. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital to further extend the maturity date of the senior secured debt to June 30, 2024 (the "Third Loan Extension Letter Agreement"). See Note (9) Notes Payable for more information.

Also, as described further in Note (12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, the effective date of the mandatory redemption right of the Company's Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) held by HCP-FVA and Hale Capital was extended from July 30, 2021 to July 30, 2023 pursuant to that certain Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company, dated as of June 24, 2021 (as amended, the “Certificate of Designations”). On July 19, 2022, the Company and Hale Capital entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which Hale Capital agreed not to exercise or permit the exercise of the mandatory redemption right of the Series A Preferred Stock on or prior to December 31, 2023 unless the redemption is in accordance with Section 8(e)(z) of the Certificate of Designations or in accordance with a Breach Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). If such Series A Preferred Stock was redeemed on March 31, 2023, the Company would have been required to pay the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock $16.3 million. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital to further extend the redemption date of the Series A Preferred Stock to June 30, 2024.

The Company believes its current cash balances together with anticipated cash flows from operating activities will be sufficient to meet its working capital requirements for at least one year from the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

9

(c) COVID-19 Pandemic, Geopolitical and Other Macroeconomic Impacts to our Operating Environment

We are subject to risks and uncertainties arising from macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions, including, but not limited to, inflation, rising interest rates, foreign currency fluctuations, lower consumer spending, geopolitical conflicts, including the conflict in the Ukraine, and continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We continuously monitor the direct and indirect impacts of these macroeconomic and geopolitical events and trends on our business and financial results.

The full extent to which these macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions impact our business is difficult to predict. Such impacts include, but are not limited to, supply chain and logistical challenges, reduced consumer demand for our products, and an industry-wide slowdown in advertising spending. The impact of COVID-19, for example, is fluid and uncertain, but it has caused and may continue to cause various negative effects, including an inability to meet with actual or potential customers, our end customers deciding to delay or abandon their planned purchases or failing to make payments, and delays or disruptions in our or our partners’ supply chains. As a result, we may experience extended sales cycles, our ability to close transactions with new and existing customers and partners may be negatively impacted, our ability to recognize revenue from software transactions we do close may be negatively impacted, our demand generation activities, and the efficiency and effect of those activities, may be negatively affected, and it has been and, until the COVID-19 outbreak is contained, will continue to be more difficult for us to forecast our operating results. These uncertainties have, and may continue to, put pressure on global economic conditions and overall IT spending and may cause our end customers to modify spending priorities or delay or abandon purchasing decisions, thereby lengthening sales cycles and potentially lowering prices for our solutions, and may make it difficult for us to forecast our sales and operating results and to make decisions about future investments, any of which could materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

(d) Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(e) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates include those related to revenue recognition, accounts receivable allowances, valuation of derivatives, valuation of goodwill and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The financial market volatility in many countries where the Company operates has impacted and may continue to impact the Company’s business. Such conditions could have a material impact on the Company’s significant accounting estimates discussed above.

(f) Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations relating to interim financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the financial position of the Company at March 31, 2023, and the results of its operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year. These condensed consolidated

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financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes set forth in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 ("2022 Form 10-K").

(g) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU 2020-06, regarding ASC Topic 470 “Debt” and ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging,” which reduces the number of accounting models for convertible instruments and amends the calculation of diluted earnings per share for convertible instruments, among other changes. The guidance is effective for smaller reporting companies as defined by the SEC, for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (together with all subsequent amendments, ("Topic 326"))", which replaced the previous U.S. GAAP that required an incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses and delayed recognition until it was probable a loss had been incurred. Topic 326 replaced the incurred loss methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of reasonable and supportable information to estimate credit losses. This provision was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842)", which delayed the effective date of Topic 326 for smaller reporting companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted Topic 326 effective January 1, 2023. The impact of adoption of this standard was not material on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's significant accounting policies were described in Note (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the 2022 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in the Company's significant accounting policies since December 31, 2022. For a description of the Company's significant accounting policies refer to the 2022 Form 10-K.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers and Associated Balances

Nature of Products and Services

Licenses for on-premises software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. Customers may purchase perpetual licenses or subscribe to licenses, which provide customers with the same functionality and differ mainly in the duration over which the customer benefits from the software. Revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. Revenue allocated to software maintenance and support services is recognized ratably over the contractual support period.

Hardware products consist primarily of servers and associated components and function independently of the software products and as such are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue allocated to hardware maintenance and support services is recognized ratably over the contractual support period.

Professional services are primarily related to software implementation services and associated revenue is recognized upon customer acceptance.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records a contract asset when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing, or unearned revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. For perpetual licenses with multi-year maintenance agreements, the Company invoices the license and generally one year of maintenance with future maintenance generally invoiced annually. For multi-year subscription licenses, the Company generally invoices customers annually at

11

the beginning of each annual coverage period. The Company records a contract asset related to revenue recognized for multi-year on-premises licenses as its right to payment is conditioned upon providing product support and services in future years.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, was $1.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively. A provision for expected credit losses for accounts receivables and contract assets that share similar risk characteristics is recorded based on an evaluation of historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accounts are written off when it becomes apparent that such amounts will not be collected, generally when amounts are past due by greater than nine months. Our provision for credit loss on accounts receivable was $54,869 as of March 31, 2023 and $25,720 as of December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, short and long-term contract assets, net of provision for credit loss, was $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Our provision for credit loss on contract assets was $5,112 and zero as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 , respectively.

Deferred revenue is comprised mainly of unearned revenue related maintenance and technical support on term and perpetual licenses. Maintenance and technical support revenue is recognized ratably over the coverage period. Deferred revenue also includes contracts for professional services to be performed in the future which are recognized as revenue when the Company delivers the related service pursuant to the terms of the customer arrangement.

Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	4,965,849
Deferral of revenue		2,293,933
Recognition of revenue		(2,268,396	)
Change in reserves		567
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	4,991,953

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, revenue of $1.3 million and $1.4 million respectively, was recognized from the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each period.

Deferred revenue includes invoiced revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations that has not yet been recognized and will be recognized as revenue in future periods. Deferred revenue was $5.0 million as of March 31, 2023, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 72% of such amount as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

Approximately $1.6 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for unbilled support and services as of March 31, 2023. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 39% of these remaining performance obligations over the next twelve months, with the balance recognized thereafter.

Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 90 days. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined that its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of the Company’s invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing its products and services, and not to receive financing from our customers or to provide customers with financing. Examples include invoicing at the beginning of a subscription term with maintenance and support revenue recognized ratably over the contract period, and multi-year, on-premises licenses that are invoiced annually with product revenue recognized upon delivery.

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.

Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. For products and services aside from maintenance and support, the Company estimates SSP by adjusting the list price by historical discount percentages.

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SSP for software and hardware maintenance and support fees is based on the stated percentages of the fees charged for the respective products.

The Company’s perpetual and term software licenses have significant standalone functionality and therefore revenue allocated to these performance obligations are recognized at a point in time upon electronic delivery of the download link and the license keys.

Product maintenance and support services are satisfied over time as they are stand-ready obligations throughout the support period. As a result, revenues associated with maintenance services are deferred and recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the contract.

Revenues associated with professional services are recognized at a point in time upon customer acceptance.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Please refer to the condensed consolidated statements of operations and Note (16) Segment Reporting and Concentrations for discussion on revenue disaggregation by product type and by geography. The Company believes this level of disaggregation sufficiently depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Assets Recognized from Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The Company has determined that its sales commission program meets the requirements for cost capitalization. Total capitalized costs to obtain a contract were immaterial during the periods presented and are included in other current and long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less.

Leases

We have entered into operating leases for our various facilities. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in Right-of-Use ("ROU") assets, and lease liability obligations in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liability obligations represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and account for such components as a single lease component. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we estimated our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and lease direct costs. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Such extended terms have been considered in determining the ROU assets and lease liability obligations when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Right of Use Assets and Liabilities

We have various operating leases for office facilities that are expected to continue through 2023. Below is a summary of our ROU assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023.

Right of use assets	$	17,370
Lease liability obligations, current		17,370
Lease liability obligations, less current portion		—
Total lease liability obligations	$	17,370
Weighted-average remaining lease term	0.25
Weighted-average discount rate		3.35	%

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Components of lease expense:
Operating lease cost	$	33,118	$	32,094
Sublease income		—		—
Net lease cost	$	33,118	$	32,094

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, operating cash flows from operating leases were approximately $17,467.

Approximate future minimum lease payments for our ROU assets over the remaining lease periods as of March 31, 2023, are as follows:

2023 (remaining)	$	17,467
2024		—
Total minimum lease payments	$	17,467
Less interest		97
Present value of lease liabilities	$	17,370

(3) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding increased by dilutive common stock equivalents, attributable to stock option awards, restricted stock awards, warrants and the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding.

The following represents the common stock equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options		4,965		5,690
Restricted stock		73,685		86,520
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock		159,039		144,321
Total anti-dilutive common stock equivalents		237,689		236,531

(4) Property and Equipment

The gross carrying amount and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount	$	15,511,967		$	15,505,431
Accumulated depreciation		(15,433,841	)		(15,419,168	)
Property and Equipment, net	$	78,126		$	86,263

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense was $11,244 and $23,344, respectively.

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(5) Software Development Costs

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of software development costs as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount	$	3,015,132		$	3,015,132
Accumulated amortization		(2,969,131	)		(2,962,075	)
Software development costs, net	$	46,001		$	53,057

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $7,056 and $1,639, respectively, of amortization expense related to capitalized software costs.

(6) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Goodwill	$	4,150,339		$	4,150,339
Other intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	$	4,041,216		$	4,041,216
Accumulated amortization		(4,027,931	)		(4,021,130	)
Net carrying amount	$	13,285		$	20,086

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, amortization expense was $6,801 and $10,536, respectively.

(7) Share-Based Payment Arrangements

On June 22, 2018, the Company's stockholders adopted the FalconStor Software, Inc. 2018 Incentive Stock Plan (the "2018 Plan"). The 2018 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) and initially provided for the issuance of up to 1,471,997 shares of the Company's common stock upon the grant of shares with such restrictions as determined by the Compensation Committee to the employees and directors of, and consultants providing services to, the Company or its affiliates. In June 2021, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to increase the number of shares of our common stock authorized and reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan by 220,800 shares to a total of 1,692,797 shares. Exercise prices of the options are determined by the Compensation Committee, subject to the consent of Hale Capital. The vesting terms are performance based and determined by the Compensation Committee, subject to the consent of Hale Capital, based on various factors, including (i) the return of capital to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and the Company’s common stock in the event of a change of control, (ii) the repayment of the Company’s obligations under its senior secured debt, and (iii) the Company’s free cash flow.

The following table summarizes the 2018 Plan, which was the only plan under which the Company was able to grant equity compensation as of March 31, 2023:

	Shares		Shares Available		Shares
Name of Plan	Authorized		for Grant		Outstanding
FalconStor Software, Inc. 2018 Incentive Stock Plan		1,692,797		241,899		1,312,853

The following table summarizes the Company’s equity plans that have terminated or expired but that still have equity awards outstanding as of March 31, 2023:

Name of Plan	Shares Available for Grant		Shares Outstanding
FalconStor Software, Inc., 2016 Incentive Stock Plan		—		2,250
FalconStor Software, Inc., 2006 Incentive Stock Plan		—		2,715

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A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is below. Such restricted stock did not bestow any voting or dispositive power and is not deemed outstanding until they vest.

	Number of Restricted Stock Awards
Non-Vested at January 1, 2023		1,316,933
Granted		—
Vested		(4,080	)
Forfeited		—
Non-Vested at March 31, 2023		1,312,853

The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense for all awards issued under the Company’s stock equity plans in the following line items in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue - Support and Service		125		408
Research and development costs		976		1,879
Selling and marketing		2,334		4,511
General and administrative		1,896		1,386
	$	5,331	$	8,184

(8) Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes consists principally of state and local, and foreign taxes, as applicable, in amounts necessary to align the Company’s year-to-date tax provision with the effective rate that it expects to achieve for the full year.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $52,761. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was 10.5%. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21% due to the mix of foreign and domestic earnings, foreign withholding taxes and the application of valuation allowances that are applicable with respect to the Company. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s conclusion did not change with respect to the realizability of its domestic deferred tax assets and therefore, the Company had not recorded any income tax benefit as such amounts are fully offset with a valuation allowance.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $121,260. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was 9.9 %. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 21% due to the mix of foreign and domestic earnings and the application of valuation allowances. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s conclusion did not change with respect to the realizability of its domestic deferred tax assets and therefore, the Company had not recorded any income tax benefit as such amounts are fully offset with a valuation allowance.

The Company’s total unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest, as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 were $71,296 and $79,518, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the Company had $42,088 and $44,462, respectively, of accrued interest reflected in accrued expenses.

(9) Notes Payable

The notes payable balance consists of the following:

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Total notes payable, net at January 1, 2023	$	2,340,239
Accretion of discount		2,783
Repayment of AFCO financing	$	(75,921	)
Total notes payable, net at March 31, 2023	$	2,267,101

Senior Secured Debt

The Company is currently a party to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement. The senior secured debt bears interest at prime plus 0.75%. In connection with the June Offering, we entered into the Loan Extension Letter Agreement with Hale Capital, which provided for an extension of the maturity date on Hale Capital’s portion of the outstanding indebtedness owed under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement to June 30, 2023. The remaining principal amount outstanding, which was owed to other lenders, was repaid in full. On July 19, 2022, we entered into the Second Loan Extension Letter Agreement with Hale Capital, which provided for a subsequent extension of the maturity date on the outstanding indebtedness owed under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement from June 30, 2023 to December 31, 2023. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Loan Extension Letter Agreement with Hale Capital to further extend the maturity date of the senior secured debt to June 30, 2024. The Company concluded the extensions under the Second Loan Extension Letter Agreement and Third Loan Extension Letter Agreement resulted in a debt modification under ASC 470-50, Modifications and Extinguishments, and therefore no gain or loss was required to be recognized. The changes were accounted for prospectively using the new effective interest rate of the loan.

In the event the term notes issued pursuant to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (the “Term Loan”) are prepaid for any reason, such prepayment will be subject to the payment of a premium in an amount equal to 5% of the principal amount prepaid. The Term Loan is required to be prepaid upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to certain asset dispositions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, the receipt of insurance proceeds, and a change of control, subject to certain exceptions.

The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement has customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include financial covenants relating to in-force annual contract value. The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement also contains customary events of default, including but not limited to payment defaults, cross defaults with certain other indebtedness, breaches of covenants, bankruptcy events and a change of control. In the case of an event of default, as administrative agent under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, HCP-FVA, an affiliate of Hale Capital may (and upon the written request of lenders holding in excess of 50% of the term loans, which must include HCP-FVA, is required to) accelerate payment of all obligations under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, and seek other available remedies.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants contained in the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement.

Other Financing Arrangements

On September 8, 2022, the Company entered into a financing arrangement with AFCO Premium Credit LLC ("AFCO"), for the renewal of its corporate insurance policies with Watkins Insurance Group in the amount of $253,068. The terms of the arrangement include a $25,307 monthly payment to be made over a ten month period at a 4.2% annual interest rate through July 15, 2023.

As of March 31, 2023, the balance payable to AFCO for this arrangement was $101,227 and is reflected as a "short-term note payable" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

(10) Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures its cash equivalents and derivative instruments at fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received on the sale of an asset or that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Company utilizes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value.

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Fair Value Hierarchy

The methodology for measuring fair value specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based upon whether the inputs to those valuation techniques reflect assumptions other market participants would use based upon market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) or reflect the Company’s own assumptions of market participant valuation (unobservable inputs). As a result, observable and unobservable inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

•

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. The Company had no Level 1 securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

•

Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any Level 2 category assets included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

•

Level 3 – Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Level 3 category included derivatives. The Company did not hold any cash and cash equivalents categorized as Level 3 as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant other Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	$	821,640	$	—	$	—	$	821,640
Total derivative liabilities		821,640		—		—		821,640
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value	$	821,640	$	—	$	—	$	821,640

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2022:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant other Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Derivative liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	$	821,726	$	—	$	—	$	821,726
Total derivative liabilities		821,726		—		—		821,726
Total assets and liabilities measured at fair value	$	821,726	$	—	$	—	$	821,726

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Measurement of Fair Value

The fair value of the Company’s derivatives were valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model adjusted for probability assumptions, with all significant inputs, except for the probability and volatility assumptions, derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as stock price and interest rates. The probability and volatility assumptions are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. These embedded derivatives are included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The derivatives are included in other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and notes payable are measured at amortized cost using an effective interest rate of 10.2% and 9.2% yield, respectively.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company's liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Beginning Balance	$	821,726		$	776,623
Total (gain) loss recognized in earnings		(86	)		7,702
Ending Balance	$	821,640		$	784,325

The Company’s derivatives were valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model adjusted for probability assumptions, with all significant inputs, except for the probability and volatility assumptions, derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as stock price and interest rates. The probability and volatility assumptions are as follows:

Probability of redemption as part of a fundamental sale transaction	0.5 %
Probability of redemption absent a fundamental sale transaction	4.75 %
Annual volatility	65 %

(11) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company typically provides its customers a warranty on its software products for a period of no more than 90 days. Such warranties are accounted for in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on contingencies. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company has not incurred any costs related to warranty obligations.

Under the terms of substantially all of its software license agreements, the Company indemnifies its customers for all costs and damages arising from claims against such customers based on, among other things, allegations that the Company’s software infringes on the intellectual property rights of a third party. In most cases, in the event of an infringement claim, the Company retains the right to (i) procure for the customer the right to continue using the software; (ii) replace or modify the software to eliminate the infringement while providing substantially equivalent functionality; or (iii) if neither (i) nor (ii) can be reasonably achieved, the Company may terminate the license agreement and refund to the customer a pro-rata portion of the license fee paid to the Company. Such indemnification provisions are accounted for in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on guarantees. From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company receives claims for indemnification, typically from original equipment manufacturers. The Company is not currently aware of any material claims for indemnification.

As described under Note (12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have redemption rights upon certain triggering events. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not fail any non-financial covenants related to the Company's Series A Preferred Stock.

In connection with the appointment of Todd Brooks as Chief Executive Officer, the Board approved an offer letter to Mr. Brooks (the “Brooks Agreement”), which was executed on August 14, 2017. The Brooks Agreement provides that Mr. Brooks is entitled to receive an annualized base salary of $350,000, payable in regular installments in accordance with the Company’s general payroll

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practices. Mr. Brooks will also be eligible for a cash bonus of $17,500 for any quarter that is free cash flow positive on an operating basis and additional incentive compensation of an annual bonus of up to $200,000, subject to attainment of performance objectives to be mutually agreed upon and established. Mr. Brooks' employment can be terminated at will. Pursuant to the Brooks Agreement and the 2018 Plan, Mr. Brooks received 735,973 shares of restricted stock. If Mr. Brooks’ employment is terminated by the Company other than for cause, he is entitled to receive severance equal to 12 months of his base salary if (i) he has been employed by the Company for at least 12 months at the time of termination or (ii) a change of control has occurred within six months of Mr. Brooks’ employment. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, Mr. Brooks is entitled to receive severance equal to six months of his base salary if he has been employed by the Company for less than six months and his employment was terminated by the Company without cause. Mr. Brooks is also entitled to vacation and other employee benefits in accordance with the Company’s policies as well as reimbursement for an apartment.

In connection with Mr. Sita’s appointment as Chief Financial Officer, the Board approved an Independent Contractor Services Agreement with Alucria Consulting, Inc. (“Alucria”), an entity owned by Mr. Sita (the “Sita Agreement”), which was executed on February 11, 2022. The Sita Agreement provides that Alucria is entitled to receive a fee of $20,000 per month. Alucria will also be eligible for an additional payment of up to $60,000 annually, based upon the achievement of goals determined by the Company, to be paid quarterly in accordance with standard Company policies. The agreement also provided that Mr. Sita received a grant of shares of the Company’s common stock, to be governed by the Company’s 2018 Stock Incentive Plan and subject to specific vesting conditions.

The term of the Sita Agreement expires on July 1, 2023, unless earlier terminated by either party in accordance with the terms therein.

As described under Note (17) Restructuring Costs, the Company incurred certain restructuring costs in connection with restructuring plans adopted in 2017 and 2019.

In addition, as of March 31, 2023, the Company's liability for uncertain tax positions totaled $113,385. At this time, the settlement period for this liability, including related accrued interest, cannot be determined.

(12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company has 900,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding with a par value $0.001 per share and a stated value of $10 per share. Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, each share of Series A Preferred Stock can be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock, at an initial conversion price of $102.488 per share, subject to appropriate adjustments for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction, (i) at any time at the option of the holder or (ii) by the Company if, following the first anniversary of the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock (subject to extension under certain circumstances), the volume weighted average trading price per share of the Company’s common stock for sixty (60) consecutive trading days exceeds 250% of the conversion price and continues to exceed 225% of the conversion price through the conversion date, subject at all times to the satisfaction of, and the limitations imposed by, the equity conditions set forth in the Certificate of Designations (including, without limitation, the volume limitations set forth therein).

Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive quarterly dividends at the prime rate (provided in the Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition) plus 5% (up to a maximum dividend rate of 10%), payable in cash or in kind (i.e., through the issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock), except that the Company is not permitted to pay such dividends in cash while any indebtedness under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement remains outstanding without the consent of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, the declaration and payment of dividends is subject to compliance with applicable law and unpaid dividends will accrue. A holder’s right to convert its shares of Series A Preferred Stock and receive dividends in the form of common stock is subject to certain limitations including, among other things, that the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion or as dividends will not, prior to receipt of stockholder approval, result in any holder beneficially owning greater than 9.99% of the Company’s currently outstanding shares of common stock.

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The Series A Preferred Stock dividends shall accrue whether or not the declaration or payment of such Series A Preferred Stock dividends are prohibited by applicable law, whether or not the Company has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and whether or not such dividends are authorized or declared.

Upon certain triggering events, such as bankruptcy, insolvency or a material adverse effect or failure of the Company to issue shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with its obligations, the holders may require the Company to redeem all or some of the Series A Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to the greater of (i) the sum of 100% of the stated value of a share of Series A Preferred Stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends with respect thereto, and (ii) the product of the number of shares of common stock underlying a share of Series A Preferred Stock (and accrued and unpaid dividends with respect thereto) and the closing price as of the occurrence of the triggering event. On or after December 31, 2023, subject to the approval of HCP-FVA, each holder of Series A Preferred Stock can also require the Company to redeem its Series A Preferred Stock in cash at a per share price equal to 100% of the stated value of a share of Series A Preferred Stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends with respect thereto. Notwithstanding the forgoing, no holder of Series A Preferred Stock is permitted to exercise any rights or remedies upon a Breach Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) or to exercise any redemption rights under the Certificate of Designations, unless approved by the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

Upon consummation of a fundamental sale transaction, the Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemed at a per share redemption price equal to the greater of (y) 250% of the per share purchase price of the Series A Preferred Stock and (z) the price payable in respect of such share of Series A Preferred Stock if such share of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into such number of shares of common stock in accordance with the Certificate of Designations (but without giving effect to any limitations or restrictions contained therein) immediately prior to such fundamental sale transaction; provided however that the 250% threshold is changed to 100% if the fundamental sale transaction is approved by the two Series A Directors (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). In addition, if the Company consummates an equity or debt financing that results in more than $5.0 million of net proceeds to the Company and/or its subsidiaries, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right, but not the obligation, to require the Company to use the net proceeds in excess of $5.0 million to repurchase all or a portion of the Series A Preferred Stock at a per share price equal to the greater of (i) the sum of 100% of the stated value of such share of Series A Preferred Stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends with respect thereto, and (ii) the number of shares of common stock into which such share of Series A Preferred Stock is then convertible multiplied by the greater of (y) the closing price of the common stock on the date of announcement of such financing or (z) the closing price of the common stock on the date of consummation of such financing.

Each holder of Series A Preferred Stock has a vote equal to the number of shares of common stock into which its Series A Preferred Stock would be convertible as of the record date. In addition, the holders of a majority of the Series A Preferred Stock must approve certain actions, including approving any amendments to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation as amended or Amended and Restated Bylaws that adversely affects the voting powers, preferences or other rights of the Series A Preferred Stock; payment of dividends or distributions; any liquidation, capitalization, reorganization or any other fundamental transaction of the Company; issuance of any equity security senior to or on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividend rights, redemption rights, liquidation preference and other rights; issuances of equity below the conversion price; any liens or borrowings other than non-convertible indebtedness from standard commercial lenders which does not exceed 80% of the Company’s accounts receivable; and the redemption or purchase of any of the capital stock of the Company.

The holders of our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock have a mandatory redemption right that may be exercised only with the approval of Hale Capital and HCP-FVA. In connection with the June Offering, the effective date of such redemption right was extended from July 30, 2021 to July 30, 2023 pursuant to an amendment to the Certificate of Designations, dated as of June 24, 2021. On July 19, 2022, the Company and Hale Capital entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which Hale Capital agreed not to exercise or to permit the exercise of the mandatory redemption right of the Series A Preferred Stock on or prior to December 31, 2023 unless the redemption is in accordance with Section 8(e)(z) of the Certificate of Designations or in accordance with a Breach Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital to further extend the redemption date of the Series A Preferred Stock to June 30, 2024. The Company concluded the extensions resulted in a debt modification under ASC 470-50, Modifications and Extinguishments, and therefore no gain or loss was required to be recognized. The change is accounted for prospectively using the new effective interest rate of the preferred stock.

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The Company has classified the Series A Preferred Stock as temporary equity in the financial statements as it is subject to redemption at the option of the holder under certain circumstances. As a result of the Company’s analysis of all the embedded conversion and put features within the Series A Preferred Stock, the contingent redemption put options in the Series A Preferred Stock were determined to not be clearly and closely related to the debt-type host and also did not meet any other scope exceptions for derivative accounting. Therefore, the contingent redemption put options are being accounted for as derivative instruments and the fair value of these derivative instruments was bifurcated from the Series A Preferred Stock and recorded as a liability.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of these derivative instruments were included in "other long-term liabilities" within the consolidated balance sheets. The loss on the change in fair value of these derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was included in “interest and other expense” within the consolidated statement of operations.

At the time of issuance, the Company recorded transaction costs, a beneficial conversion feature and the fair value allocated to the embedded derivatives as discounts to the Series A Preferred Stock. These costs were being accreted to the Series A Preferred Stock using the effective interest method through the stated redemption date of August 5, 2017, which represents the earliest redemption date of the instrument. This accretion was accelerated as of December 31, 2016 due to the failure of the financial covenants and the redemption right of the holders at that time. In connection with the June Offering, Hale Capital Partners, which was the sole holder of the Series A Preferred Stock, agreed to the extension of the mandatory redemption right and waived prior breaches of the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock. The Company included deductions for accretion, deemed and accrued dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as adjustments to net loss attributable to common stockholders on the statement of operations and in determining loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Series A Preferred Stock consists of the following:

Total Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, net at January 1, 2023	$	15,928,018
Accrued dividends		315,215
Accretion of preferred stock		9,851
Total Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, net at March 31, 2023	$	16,253,084

(13) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are as follows:

	Foreign Currency Translation			Net Minimum Pension Liability			Total
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at January 1, 2023	$	(1,742,217	)	$	(9,882	)	$	(1,752,099	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		11,786			—			11,786
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		11,786			—			11,786
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at March 31, 2023	$	(1,730,431	)	$	(9,882	)	$	(1,740,313	)

The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are as follows:

	Foreign Currency Translation			Net Minimum Pension Liability		Total
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at January 1, 2022	$	(1,881,005	)	$	20,965	$	(1,860,040	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		33,510			—		33,510
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		33,510			—		33,510
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at March 31, 2022	$	(1,847,495	)	$	20,965	$	(1,826,530	)

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(14) Stockholders' Equity

Stock Repurchase Activity

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had the authorization to repurchase 49,078 shares of its common stock based upon its judgment and market conditions.

(15) Litigation

In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, the Company generally cannot predict what the eventual outcome of the pending matters will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter may be.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on contingencies, the Company accrues anticipated costs of settlement, damages and losses for claims to the extent specific losses are probable and estimable. The Company records a receivable for insurance recoveries when such amounts are probable and collectable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. If, at the time of evaluation, the loss contingency related to a litigation is not both probable and estimable, the matter will continue to be monitored for further developments that would make such loss contingency both probable and estimable and, the Company will expense these costs as incurred. If the estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within the range is more likely, the Company will accrue the minimum amount of the range.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, such matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or operating results.

The Company continues to assess certain litigation and claims to determine the amounts, if any, that the Company believes may be paid as a result of such claims and litigation and, therefore, additional losses may be accrued and paid in the future, which could materially adversely impact the Company’s financial results, its cash flows and its cash reserves.

(16) Segment Reporting and Concentrations

The Company is organized in a single operating segment for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance. Revenue from the United States to customers in the following geographical areas for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the location of long-lived assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue:
Americas	$	936,846	$	848,308
Europe, Middle East, Africa and Other		994,714		804,994
Asia Pacific		336,836		395,805
Total Revenue	$	2,268,396	$	2,049,107

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	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Long-lived assets:
Americas	$	337,433	$	504,545
Asia Pacific		91,897		112,301
Europe, Middle East, Africa and Other		13,676		13,551
Total long-lived assets	$	443,006	$	630,397

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had two customers that accounted for 10% or more of total revenue, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had four customers that accounted for 10% or more of the gross accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had two customers that accounted for 10% or more of the gross accounts receivable balance.

(17) Restructuring Costs

In June 2017, the Board approved a comprehensive plan to increase operating performance (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan was substantially completed by the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and when combined with previous workforce reductions in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 reduced the Company’s workforce to approximately 86 employees at December 31, 2018. In making these changes, the Company prioritized customer support and development while consolidating operations and streamlining direct sales resources, allowing the Company to focus on the install base and develop alternate channels to the market. As part of this consolidation effort, the Company vacated a portion of its former Melville, NY office space during the three months ended June 30, 2018. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company incurred lease disposal-related costs for this property of $833,313. The Melville, NY lease which ended on April 30, 2021 with a gross annualized rental cost of $1.5 million, will not be replaced. The Company expects the remaining accrued severance-related costs of $55,747 as of March 31, 2023 to be paid once final settlement litigation is completed. Such litigation stems from termination of several employees in France and office closure; all expected to be settled by December 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes the activity during 2022 through March 31, 2023 related to restructuring liabilities recorded in connection with the 2017, 2019 and 2020 Plans:

	Severance Related Costs			Facility and Other Costs			Total
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	134,663		$	—		$	134,663
Provisions/Additions		—			744			744
Translation Adjustment		(2,534	)		—			(2,534	)
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	132,129		$	744		$	132,873
Provisions/Additions		—			(744	)		(744	)
Translation Adjustment		(8,112	)		—			(8,112	)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	124,017		$	—		$	124,017
Translation Adjustment		(7,518	)		—			(7,518	)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	116,499		$	—		$	116,499
Provisions/Additions		—			—			—
Translation Adjustment		10,976			—			10,976
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	127,475		$	—		$	127,475
Provisions/Additions		—			—			—
Payments		(72,639	)		—			(72,639	)
Translation Adjustment		911			—			911
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	55,747		$	—		$	55,747

The severance and facility related liabilities are included within “accrued expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The expenses under the 2017 Plan are included within “restructuring costs” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of predictive, future-tense or forward-looking terminology, such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “plans,” “may,” “intends,” “will,” or similar terms. Investors are cautioned that any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve significant risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The following discussion should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

OVERVIEW

FalconStor Software, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("we", the "Company" or "FalconStor") is a trusted data protection software leader modernizing disaster recovery and backup operations for the hybrid cloud world. The Company enables enterprise customers and managed service providers to secure, migrate, and protect their data while reducing data storage and long-term retention costs by up to 95%. More than 1,000 organizations and managed service providers worldwide standardize on FalconStor as the foundation for their cloud first data protection future. Our products are offered through and supported by a worldwide network of leading managed service providers (“MSPs”), systems integrators, resellers, and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”).

Our products address a demand for enterprise data protection driven by the manner in which consumers and businesses are increasingly interacting in a digital space through multiple devices, networks and platforms. The onset of the coronavirus pandemic accelerated this shift, as ongoing remote work and work from home arrangements introduced novel challenges to maintaining enterprise data security. The adoption of increased employee mobility and flexible remote work arrangements, such as a broader incorporation of cloud technology and the option for employees to use their own devices, has introduced additional vulnerabilities that businesses must monitor and protect through solutions like ours in order to maintain enterprise data integrity.

Our products are utilized by enterprises and MSPs to address two key areas of enterprise data protection: (i) long-term data retention and recovery, and (ii) data replication to preserve business continuity. Our integration with modern cloud-based data storage environments, such as IBM PowerVS Cloud, AWS and Microsoft Azure, enables our enterprise customers to significantly reduce costs and improve the portability, security and accessibility of their enterprise data. We believe this accessibility is key in our modern world, where data must be protected and intelligently leveraged to facilitate learning, improve product design and drive competitive advantage. Our products can be used regardless of the underlying hardware, cloud and source-data, which enables our enterprise customers to leverage their existing hardware and software investments.

Since the beginning of 2020, we have focused our go-to-market efforts on long-term data retention and recovery data protection segments. In 2021, we increased our go-to-market investment within our core regions of the Americas, EMEA, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia, and released StorSafeTM, the next generation of our Virtual Tape Library (“VTL”) product family built for MSPs. In 2022, we secured a key strategic relationship with IBM to optimize data protection for on-premises and cloud-native workloads that operate on the IBM Power Systems platform.

During the first quarter of 2023, we continued to deliver innovation and to enhance each of our products. Our StorSafeTM solution is a vital backup long-term archive retention tool in enterprise IT departments’ data protection arsenal and for MSPs that provide data protection as a service to enterprise companies. It enables them to modernize their backup and archive environments, leverage efficient hybrid- and public-cloud storage environments, such as those provided by IBM PowerVS Cloud, AWS and Microsoft Azure, save operational costs, and improve restore performance for rapid remote disaster recovery.

Through StorSafeTM, we are making progress expanding our technology to deliver an enterprise-class, highly flexible and efficient backup and long-term data storage optimization solution for the hybrid cloud world.

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Beyond our long-term retention and reinstatement products, our StorGuardTM business continuity driven data replication solution gives our customers the ability to move workloads to the right destination, on-premises or in the cloud, with advanced insight. This solution is designed for MSPs and enterprise organizations with complex, heterogeneous IT environments and the full spectrum of data management use cases, including but not limited to large enterprises, universities, health care entities and governmental institutions. StorGuardTM is a modern, comprehensive and easy-to-use software solution that enables IT professionals to have complete insight into and control over their organization’s data.

To provide for greater ease of use for all our products, we also made significant enhancements to our central data management console, now called StorSightTM, to interface with each of our products to provide a holistic view of an enterprise’s entire data protection environment – whether on-premises in data centers, in the public cloud, or a hybrid – as well as the key analytics, reports and dashboards our customers need to continuously optimize their operations.

FalconStor continues to focus on MSPs, enterprise customers, and OEM partners. These markets offer the most significant opportunity and are best suited to realize the value of FalconStor products, and provide an efficient and effective access to broad, worldwide markets. Most of our revenue comes from sales to MSPs and to enterprise customers through resellers.

Our “Business Partner” program for our MSPs and resellers provides financial incentives for those partners that are willing to make a commitment to FalconStor through training, marketing and revenue. As part of our review of all of our operations to maximize savings without sacrificing sales, and in connection with our Business Partner program, we continually review our relationship with each of our partners in all regions. We decided to focus on only those partners who have the expertise, personnel and networks to identify potential customers and to service our end users.

Historically, the majority of our software licenses have been sold on a capacity basis and have included a perpetual right to use the licensed capacity. However, we have shifted our focus to an annual recurring revenue model through subscription or term-based licenses, which gives a customer the right to utilize our solutions over a designated period of time. We expect revenue from subscription-based licensing to increase over the next several years.

Fluctuation in our revenue is driven by the volume and mix of sales from period to period. Revenue allocated to perpetual and term software licenses are recognized at a point in time upon electronic delivery of the download link and the license keys, as these products have significant standalone functionality. Product maintenance and support services are satisfied over time as they are stand-ready obligations throughout the support period. As a result, revenues associated with maintenance services are deferred and recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the contract. Revenues associated with professional services are recognized at a point in time upon customer acceptance.

During the first quarter of 2023, we continued to expand our strategic reseller relationship with IBM. Through this strategic reseller relationship, IBM and FalconStor co-market joint solutions consisting of FalconStor’s VTL/StorSafe software, IBM Cloud Object Storage (“COS”), and IBM Power Virtual Servers (“PowerVS”) for efficient application and data migration from on-premises environments to IBM PowerVS Cloud, and on-going SaaS-based backup and restore within IBM PowerVS Cloud. While we expect this relationship to provide healthy recurring revenue growth in the future as our joint solutions are sold on a monthly consumption basis (MRR), our accelerated focus in these types of hybrid cloud relationships, and associated realignment of our sales teams, will continue to contribute to total GAAP revenue fluctuations in the short-term.

For the first quarter of 2023, our total revenue increased 10.7% year-over-year. Q1 2023 generated a net loss of $447,770, compared to a net loss of $1,109,406 in the first quarter of 2022. We managed operating costs to $2,313,747 in the quarter compared to $2,746,510 in Q1 2022.

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COVID-19

We continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business, including the impact on our operations and on the needs and operations of our customers, suppliers, vendors and business partners.

Thus far, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused and may continue to cause various negative effects, including an inability to meet with actual or potential customers, our end customers deciding to delay or abandon their planned purchases or failing to make payments, and delays or disruptions in our or our partners’ supply chains. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition, including sales, expenses, reserves and allowances, and employee-related costs, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain, including as a result of new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain or treat it, as well as the economic impact on local, regional, national and international markets. If we, or any of the third parties with whom we engage, were to experience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materially or negatively affected, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 COMPARED WITH THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2022.

The following table presents revenue and expense line items reported in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and their corresponding percentage of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items. Our results of operations are reported as one business segment, represented by our single operating segment.

	Three Months Ended March 31,										Change
(amounts in dollars)	2023					2022					Period to Period
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	1,022,186		45	%	$	594,928		29	%	$	427,258		72	%
Support and services revenue		1,246,210		55	%		1,454,179		71	%		(207,969	)	(14	)%
Total revenue		2,268,396		100	%		2,049,107		100	%		219,289		11	%
Cost of revenue:
Product		34,129		2	%		20,719		1	%		13,410		65	%
Support and service		341,188		15	%		394,549		19	%		(53,361	)	(14	)%
Total cost of revenue		375,317		17	%		415,268		20	%		(39,951	)	(10	)%
Gross profit		1,893,079		83	%		1,633,839		80	%		259,240		16	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development costs		618,527		27	%		705,981		34	%		(87,454	)	(12	)%
Selling and marketing		802,566		35	%		1,189,846		58	%		(387,280	)	(33	)%
General and administrative		892,654		39	%		849,939		41	%		42,715		5	%
Restructuring costs		—		—	%		744		0	%		(744	)	(100	)%
Total operating expenses		2,313,747		102	%		2,746,510		134	%		(432,763	)	(16	)%
Operating income (loss)		(420,668	)	(19	)%		(1,112,671	)	(54	)%		692,003		62	%
Interest and other expense		(79,863	)	(4	)%		(117,995	)	(6	)%		38,132		32	%
Income (loss) before income taxes		(500,531	)	(22	)%		(1,230,666	)	(60	)%		730,135		59	%
Income tax expense (benefit)		(52,761	)	(2	)%		(121,260	)	(6	)%		68,499		56	%
Net income (loss)	$	(447,770	)	(20	)%	$	(1,109,406	)	(54	)%	$	661,636		60	%
Less: Accrual of Series A redeemable    convertible preferred stock dividends		315,215		14	%		300,921		15	%		14,294		5	%
Less: Accretion to redemption value of    Series A redeemable convertible preferred    stock		9,851		0	%		14,815		1	%		(4,964	)	(34	)%
Net income (loss) attributable to    common stockholders	$	(772,836	)	(34	)%	$	(1,425,142	)	(70	)%	$	652,306		46	%

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Revenue

Our primary sales focus is on selling software solutions and platforms which includes stand-alone software applications, software integrated with industry standard hardware and sold as one complete integrated solution or sold on a subscription or consumption basis. As a result, our revenue is classified as either: (i) product revenue, or (ii) support and services revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized revenue of $2.3 million, compared with $2.0 million in the prior year period.

Product Revenue

Product revenue is comprised of sales of both licenses for our software solutions and sales of the platforms on which the software is installed. This includes stand-alone software applications and, on occasion, software integrated with industry standard hardware. We no longer primarily source or sell hardware, rather we facilitate our customers in buying their own hardware. Our products are sold through (i) value-added resellers, (ii) distributors, and/or (iii) directly to end-users. These revenues are recognized when all the applicable criteria under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States are met.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, product revenue represented 45% and 29% of our total revenue, respectively. Product revenue of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased by $427,258, or 72%, from $0.6 million in the prior year period. Product revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased due to contract orders placed in the first quarter of 2023.

We continue to invest in our product portfolio by refreshing and updating our existing product lines and developing our next generation of innovative product offerings to drive our sales volume in support of our long-term outlook.

Support and Services Revenue

Support and services revenue is comprised of revenue from (i) maintenance and technical support services, (ii) professional services primarily related to the implementation of our software, and (iii) engineering services. Revenue derived from maintenance and technical support contracts are deferred and recognized ratably over the contractual maintenance term. Revenues associated with professional and engineering services are recognized at a point in time upon customer acceptance. Support and services revenue decreased 14.3% from $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in support and services revenue from the previous year was primarily attributable to decreases in maintenance and technical support services revenue.

Maintenance and technical support services revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased by $0.2 million to $1.2 million, compared to $1.4 million in the prior year period. Our maintenance and technical support service revenue results primarily from (i) the purchase of maintenance and support contracts by our customers, and (ii) the renewal of maintenance and support contracts by our existing and new customers after their initial contracts expire. The decrease in maintenance and technical support service revenue from the previous year reflects a decline in new contracts and renewals.

Professional services revenue decreased from $5,835 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 to $3,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Professional services revenue will vary depending on the number of solutions for which customers elect to purchase engineering or professional services to assist with their implementations or other projects. We expect professional services revenue to continue to vary from period to period based upon the number of customers who elect to utilize our professional services upon purchasing any of our solutions.

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Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Total cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 10% to $375,317, compared with $415,268 in the prior year period. Total gross profit increased $0.3 million, or 16%, to $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared with $1.6 million for the prior year period. Total gross margin increased to 83% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared with 80% for the prior year period. The increase in our total gross profit, in absolute dollars, was due to increased revenue and a decrease in our cost of revenue. Generally, our total gross profits and total gross margins fluctuate based on several factors, including (i) revenue growth levels, (ii) changes in personnel headcount and related costs, and (iii) our product offerings and mix of sales.

Cost of Product Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of product revenue consists primarily of warranty expenses related to prior hardware sales. Cost of product revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased to $34,129, compared with $20,719 in the prior year period. This increase in cost of product revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to increased product orders placed in the current period, compared to the prior year period.

Cost of Support and Service Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of support and service revenue consists primarily of personnel and other costs associated with providing software implementations, technical support under maintenance contracts and training. Cost of support and service revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased 14% to $341,188, compared with $394,549 in the prior year period. Support and service gross margin remained unchanged at 73 % for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared with 73 % for the prior year period. The decrease in the cost of support and service revenue was primarily related to decreased contractors and professional fees.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased by $0.4 million to $2.3 million from $2.7 million, for the previous year period.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel costs for product development, and other related costs associated with the development of new products, enhancements to existing products, quality assurance and testing. Research and development costs decreased by $87,454, or 12%, to $618,527 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $705,981 in the prior year period. The decrease in research and development costs was primarily related to a continued decrease in overall salaries and benefits expenses, combined with no bonus expense.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of sales and marketing personnel and related costs, travel, public relations expense, marketing literature and promotions, commissions, trade show expenses, and the costs associated with our foreign sales offices. Selling and marketing expenses declined $387,280, or 33%, to $802,566 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $1,189,846 in the prior year period. The decrease in selling and marketing expenses was primarily related to commissions, promotional campaign expenses, contractors, professional fees, and no bonus expense.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of general and administrative functions, public company related costs, directors’ and officers’ insurance, legal and professional fees, and other general corporate overhead costs. General and

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administrative expenses increased slightly by $42,715 to $892,654 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $849,939 for the prior year period. The increase in general and administrative expenses was due primarily to an increase in professional fees and contractors which were partially offset by a reduction in personnel costs.

Restructuring

In June 2017, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) approved a comprehensive plan to increase operating performance ("the 2017 Plan"). The 2017 Plan resulted in a realignment and reduction in workforce. The 2017 Plan was substantially completed by the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and when combined with previous workforce reductions in the second quarter of Fiscal 2017 reduced our workforce to approximately 81 employees at December 31, 2017. As part of this consolidation effort, the Company vacated a portion of its former Melville, NY office space during the three months ended June 30, 2018. As the lease has terminated in April 2021, there are no further restructuring costs associated with this lease.

There was no restructuring expense in the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $744 from the prior year.

Interest and Other (Loss) Income, Net

Interest and other (loss) income is comprised of interest expense on our term loan, foreign currency gains and losses and the change in fair value of our embedded derivatives. Interest and other expense, net, decreased $38,132 to a loss of $79,863 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared with a loss of $117,995 in the prior year period. The decrease in interest and other expense primarily relates to payments made on outstanding debt. The fluctuation in interest and other (loss) income from quarter to quarter also relates to interest expense, foreign currency gains and losses, interest income, sublease income and the change in fair value of our embedded derivatives. For more information on our derivative instruments, see Note (10) Fair Value Measurements to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded income tax benefit of $52,761 and benefit of $121,260, respectively, consisting primarily of state and local, and foreign taxes.

As of March 31, 2023, our conclusion regarding the realizability of our US deferred tax assets did not change and we have recorded a full valuation allowance against them.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Principal Sources of Liquidity and Company Obligations

Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents balances generated from operating, investing and financing activities. Our cash and cash equivalents balance as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

We are currently a party to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement. In connection with the June Offering, we entered into the Loan Extension Letter Agreement, which provided for an extension of the maturity date on the portion of the outstanding indebtedness owed to Hale Capital under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement to June 30, 2023. The remaining principal amount outstanding, which was owed to other lenders, was repaid in full. On July 19, 2022, we entered into the Second Loan Extension Letter Agreement, which provided for a subsequent extension of the maturity date on the outstanding indebtedness owed under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement from June 30, 2023 to December 31, 2023. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Loan Extension Letter Agreement to further extend the maturity date of the senior secured debt. See Note (9) Notes Payable to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information. Also, as described further in Note (12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the effective date of the mandatory redemption right of

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the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock held by HCP-FVA and Hale Capital was extended from July 30, 2021 to July 30, 2023 pursuant to the Certificate of Designations. On July 19, 2022, the Company and Hale Capital entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which Hale Capital agreed not to exercise or to permit the exercise of the mandatory redemption right of the Series A Preferred Stock on or prior to December 31, 2023 unless the redemption is in accordance with Section 8(e)(z) of the Certificate of Designations or in accordance with a Breach Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). If such Series A Preferred Stock was redeemed at March 31, 2023, the Company would have been required to pay the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock $16.3 million. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital to further extend the redemption date of the Series A Preferred Stock. See Note (12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.

The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement has customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include financial covenants relating to in-force annual contract value. The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement also contains customary events of default, including but not limited to payment defaults, cross defaults with certain other indebtedness, breaches of covenants, bankruptcy events and a change of control. In the case of an event of default, as administrative agent under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, HCP-FVA, an affiliate of Hale Capital may (and upon the written request of lenders holding in excess of 50% of the term loans, which must include HCP-FVA, is required to) accelerate payment of all obligations under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, and seek other available remedies.

Liquidity

As of March 31, 2023, we had a working capital deficiency of $0.5 million, which is inclusive of current deferred revenue of $3.6 million, and a stockholders' deficit of $17.2 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had a net loss of $0.4 million and negative cash flow from operations of $0.1 million. The Company's total cash balance at March 31, 2023 was $1.8 million, a decrease of $0.2 million compared to December 31, 2022.

Although there can be no assurance, based on its projected cash flows from operations, recently completed financing activities, cost cutting measures in place and existing cash on hand, the Company is projecting to have sufficient liquidity and to be cash flow positive through the next 12 months.

Cash Flow Analysis

Cash flow information is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(88,350	)	$	214,419
Investing activities		(2,898	)		—
Financing activities		(76,602	)		—
Effect of exchange rate changes		(3,985	)		(13,989	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	(171,835	)	$	200,430

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities was $0.1 million which consisted of a net loss of $0.4 million, partially offset by cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.3 million and non-cash adjustments of $0.1 million. Non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization, amortization of right of use assets and recovery of returns and doubtful accounts. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were cash inflows from a decrease in accounts receivable, a decrease in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, a decrease in

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prepaid expenses and other current assets, and a decrease in accounts payable, which were partially offset by cash outflows from a decrease in deferred revenue.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, our net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities was $0.2 million which consisted of cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1.3 million, non-cash adjustments of $48,623 and a net loss of $1.1 million. The primary drivers of changes in operating assets and liabilities were cash outflows from an increase in accounts receivable, a decrease in deferred revenue, a decrease in accounts payable, and an increase in contract assets, which were partially offset by cash outflows from an increase in other assets and a decrease in prepaid expenses and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $2,898 consisting of purchases of property and equipment.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, there was no cash used in or provided by investing activities.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $76,602 consisting of payments on short-term debt.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, there was no cash used in or provided by financing activities.

Contractual Obligations

As of March 31, 2023, our significant commitments are related to (i) the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, (ii) our operating leases for our office facilities, (iii) dividends (including accrued dividends) on our Series A Preferred Stock, and (iv) the potential redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock as discussed above.

The following is a schedule summarizing our significant obligations to make future payments under contractual obligations as of March 31, 2023:

	Operating Leases		Note Payable (a)		Interest Payments (a)		Long-Term Income Tax Payable (b)		Series A Preferred Stock Mandatory Redemption (c)		Dividends on Series A Preferred Stock (d)
2023	$	17,467	$	101,227	$	144,800	$	—	$	—	$	—
2024		—		2,176,621		95,227		—		—		9,460,241
Other		—		—		—		113,385		9,000,000		—
Total contractual obligations	$	17,467	$	2,277,848	$	240,027	$	113,385	$	9,000,000	$	9,460,241

(a) Represents our liability under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement which, as of December 31, 2022, had a maturity date of December 31, 2023. On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2024. See Note (9), Notes Payable to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.

(b) Represents our liability for uncertain tax positions. We are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes. However, the period in which the payable is expected to reverse due to statute expiration is the second quarter of 2024.

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(c) Represents our potential liability if the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock redeem their shares for cash. The earliest date in which a redemption could occur was July 30, 2023. However, on July 19, 2022, the Company and Hale Capital entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which Hale Capital agreed not to exercise or to permit the exercise of the mandatory redemption right of the Series A Preferred Stock on or prior to December 31, 2023 unless the redemption is in accordance with Section 8(e)(z) of the Certificate of Designations or in accordance with a Breach Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital to further extend the redemption date of the Series A Preferred Stock. For further information, see Note (12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

(d) Our agreements with the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock provide that such holders will receive quarterly dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock at prime rate plus 5%, subject to a maximum dividend rate of 10%. We also have the ability to accrue and roll over dividends. Due to the lack of sufficient surplus to pay dividends as required by the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Company was not permitted to pay the fourth quarter 2016 dividend in cash or common stock and has been accruing its quarterly dividends since then. This amount represents our potential liability to pay preferred stock dividends in cash on July 30, 2023, which was the earliest date in which the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock could redeem their shares for cash. However, on July 19, 2022, the Company and Hale Capital entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which Hale Capital agreed not to exercise or to permit the exercise of the mandatory redemption right of the Series A Preferred Stock on or prior to December 31, 2023 unless the redemption is in accordance with Section 8(e)(z) of the Certificate of Designations or in accordance with a Breach Event (as defined in the Certificate of Designations). On February 10, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Hale Capital to further extend the redemption date of the Series A Preferred Stock. For further information, see Note (12) Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We describe our significant accounting policies in Note (1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our 2022 Form 10-K. We discuss our critical accounting estimates in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2022 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies or critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2022.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note (1) Basis of Presentation to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are not required to provide the information required by this item as we are considered a smaller reporting company, as defined in Section 229.10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15e and 15d-15e of the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports, pursuant to the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information

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is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management has recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurances of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (its principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (its principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) have evaluated the effectiveness of its “disclosure controls and procedures” and concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company; as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, as amended. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, the Company’s management uses the Integrated Framework (2013) adopted by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).

The Company’s management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023, using the COSO framework (2013). The Company’s management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective as of that date.

The Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer believe that the consolidated financial statements and other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10Q present fairly, in all material respects, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time we are party to legal proceedings that we believe to be ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the business of present or former operations. While the outcome of any such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, such matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or operating results.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

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We are affected by risks specific to us as well as factors that affect all businesses operating in a global market. The significant factors known to us that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results are set forth in Item 1A to our 2022 Form 10-K.

Unknown Factors

Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are unaware or which currently we deem immaterial also may become important factors that affect us.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

4.1	Letter Agreement, dated February 10, 2023, by and among FalconStor Software, Inc., Hale Capital Partners, LP, and HCP-FVA, LLC, regarding redemption of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 of the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
10.1	Letter Agreement, dated February 10, 2023, by and among FalconStor Software, Inc., Hale Capital Partners, LP, and HCP-FVA, LLC, regarding extension of the Hale Capital term loan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350)
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350)
101.1	The following financial statements from FalconStor Software, Inc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language):

(i)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(ii)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(iii)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(iv)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholder's Deficit - Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(v)	unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows – Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
(vi)	Notes to unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – March 31, 2023.

104.0 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).

.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

FALCONSTOR SOFTWARE, INC.

(Registrant)

/s/ Vincent Sita

Vincent Sita

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(principal financial and accounting officer)

	/s/ Todd Brooks
	Todd Brooks
	President & Chief Executive Officer
May 10, 2023	(principal executive officer)

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