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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007
OR
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-13232
Apartment Investment and Management Company
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 84-1259577 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
4582 South Ulster Street Parkway, Suite 1100 Denver, Colorado (Address of principal executive offices) | 80237 (Zip Code) |
(303) 757-8101
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesþ Noo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþ Accelerated filero Non-accelerated filero
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yeso Noþ
The number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of April 30, 2007: 97,155,000
APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FORM 10-Q
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Real estate: | ||||||||
Land | $ | 2,450,066 | $ | 2,408,175 | ||||
Buildings and improvements | 9,612,545 | 9,450,277 | ||||||
Total real estate | 12,062,611 | 11,858,452 | ||||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (2,946,252 | ) | (2,835,606 | ) | ||||
Net real estate | 9,116,359 | 9,022,846 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 257,160 | 229,824 | ||||||
Restricted cash | 314,734 | 347,076 | ||||||
Accounts receivable | 66,439 | 85,772 | ||||||
Accounts receivable from affiliates | 25,590 | 20,763 | ||||||
Deferred financing costs | 75,579 | 73,130 | ||||||
Notes receivable from unconsolidated real estate partnerships | 40,278 | 40,641 | ||||||
Notes receivable from non-affiliates | 135,481 | 139,352 | ||||||
Investment in unconsolidated real estate partnerships | 36,460 | 39,000 | ||||||
Other assets | 195,402 | 202,760 | ||||||
Deferred income tax assets, net | 2,719 | — | ||||||
Assets held for sale | 39,865 | 88,611 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 10,306,066 | $ | 10,289,775 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
Property tax-exempt bond financing | $ | 946,348 | $ | 936,082 | ||||
Property loans payable | 5,529,828 | 5,265,698 | ||||||
Term loans | 400,000 | 400,000 | ||||||
Credit facility | 130,000 | 140,000 | ||||||
Other borrowings | 60,557 | 67,660 | ||||||
Total indebtedness | 7,066,733 | 6,809,440 | ||||||
Accounts payable | 31,347 | 54,972 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities and other | 281,654 | 409,991 | ||||||
Deferred income | 134,761 | 142,701 | ||||||
Security deposits | 45,920 | 43,919 | ||||||
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | — | 4,379 | ||||||
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | 27,734 | 86,885 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 7,588,149 | 7,552,287 | ||||||
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships | 210,878 | 212,149 | ||||||
Minority interest in Aimco Operating Partnership | 159,599 | 185,447 | ||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Preferred Stock, perpetual | 723,500 | 723,500 | ||||||
Preferred Stock, convertible | 100,000 | 100,000 | ||||||
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 426,157,976 shares authorized, 97,139,108 and 96,820,252 shares issued and outstanding, at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively | 971 | 968 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 3,079,469 | 3,095,430 | ||||||
Notes due on common stock purchases | (3,794 | ) | (4,714 | ) | ||||
Distributions in excess of earnings | (1,552,706 | ) | (1,575,292 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 2,347,440 | 2,339,892 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 10,306,066 | $ | 10,289,775 | ||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months | ||||||||
Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
REVENUES: | ||||||||
Rental and other property revenues | $ | 417,036 | $ | 390,311 | ||||
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates | 2,096 | 3,030 | ||||||
Activity fees and asset management revenues | 11,630 | 9,539 | ||||||
Total revenues | 430,762 | 402,880 | ||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: | ||||||||
Property operating expenses | 196,671 | 183,397 | ||||||
Property management expenses | 1,206 | 492 | ||||||
Activity and asset management expenses | 5,654 | 4,898 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 123,990 | 105,709 | ||||||
General and administrative expenses | 21,586 | 20,237 | ||||||
Other expenses (income), net | 2,191 | 3,989 | ||||||
Total operating expenses | 351,298 | 318,722 | ||||||
Operating income | 79,464 | 84,158 | ||||||
Interest income | 9,607 | 6,965 | ||||||
Provision for losses on notes receivable | (1,543 | ) | (262 | ) | ||||
Interest expense | (106,007 | ) | (97,276 | ) | ||||
Deficit distributions to minority partners, net | (1,270 | ) | (2,102 | ) | ||||
Equity in losses of unconsolidated real estate partnerships | (2,986 | ) | (1,863 | ) | ||||
Recoveries of real estate impairment losses, net | — | 987 | ||||||
Gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other | 20,422 | 9,696 | ||||||
Income (loss) before minority interests and discontinued operations | (2,313 | ) | 303 | |||||
Minority interests: | ||||||||
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships | (5,726 | ) | 5,415 | |||||
Minority interest in Aimco Operating Partnership, preferred | (1,782 | ) | (1,798 | ) | ||||
Minority interest in Aimco Operating Partnership, common | 2,525 | 1,875 | ||||||
Total minority interests | (4,983 | ) | 5,492 | |||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | (7,296 | ) | 5,795 | |||||
Income from discontinued operations, net | 32,504 | 78,276 | ||||||
Net income | 25,208 | 84,071 | ||||||
Net income attributable to preferred stockholders | 16,348 | 24,054 | ||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 8,860 | $ | 60,017 | ||||
Earnings (loss) per common share – basic: | ||||||||
Loss from continuing operations (net of preferred dividends) | $ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.19 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.34 | 0.82 | ||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.63 | ||||
Earnings (loss) per common share – diluted: | ||||||||
Loss from continuing operations (net of preferred dividends) | $ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.19 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.34 | 0.82 | ||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.63 | ||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 95,971 | 95,183 | ||||||
Weighted average common shares and equivalents outstanding | 95,971 | 95,183 | ||||||
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.00 | $ | 0.00 | ||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands, Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Unaudited)
Three Months | ||||||||
Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 25,208 | $ | 84,071 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 123,990 | 105,709 | ||||||
Discontinued operations | (32,820 | ) | (96,147 | ) | ||||
Other adjustments | (16,806 | ) | 46,551 | |||||
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities | (14,825 | ) | (28,258 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 84,747 | 111,926 | ||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
Purchases of real estate | (77,095 | ) | — | |||||
Capital expenditures | (121,306 | ) | (112,603 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate | 64,540 | 382,741 | ||||||
Change in funds held in escrow from tax-free exchanges | 25,710 | — | ||||||
Cash from newly consolidated properties | — | 22,432 | ||||||
Purchases of general and limited partnership interests and other assets | (11,997 | ) | (5,170 | ) | ||||
Originations of notes receivable from unconsolidated real estate partnerships | (4,322 | ) | (209 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable | 13,244 | 1,662 | ||||||
Distributions received from investments in unconsolidated real estate partnerships | 3,633 | 4,509 | ||||||
Other investing activities | (2,746 | ) | (1,895 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (110,339 | ) | 291,467 | |||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
Proceeds from property loans | 460,552 | 361,073 | ||||||
Principal repayments on property loans | (222,084 | ) | (339,275 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from tax exempt bonds | 42,675 | — | ||||||
Principal repayments on tax-exempt bond financing | (31,935 | ) | (18,610 | ) | ||||
Net borrowings (repayments) on term loans and revolving credit facility | (10,000 | ) | (175,000 | ) | ||||
Redemption of preferred stock | — | (113,250 | ) | |||||
Repurchases of Class A Common Stock | (111,612 | ) | — | |||||
Proceeds from Class A Common Stock option exercises | 52,507 | 38,867 | ||||||
Payment of Class A Common Stock dividends | (58,157 | ) | (57,260 | ) | ||||
Payment of preferred stock dividends | (16,371 | ) | (22,844 | ) | ||||
Payment of distributions to minority interest | (25,129 | ) | (28,281 | ) | ||||
Other financing activities | (27,518 | ) | 13,784 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 52,928 | (340,796 | ) | |||||
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 27,336 | 62,597 | ||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 229,824 | 161,730 | ||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 257,160 | $ | 224,327 | ||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2007
(Unaudited)
March 31, 2007
(Unaudited)
Note 1 — Organization
Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, is a Maryland corporation incorporated on January 10, 1994. We are a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, engaged in the acquisition, ownership, management and redevelopment of apartment properties. As of March 31, 2007, we owned or managed a real estate portfolio of 1,237 apartment properties containing 213,681 apartment units located in 46 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Based on apartment unit data compiled by the National Multi Housing Council, as of January 1, 2007, we were the largest owner and operator of apartment properties in the United States.
As of March 31, 2007, we:
• | owned an equity interest in and consolidated 160,986 units in 696 properties (which we refer to as “consolidated”), of which 160,268 units were also managed by us; | ||
• | owned an equity interest in and did not consolidate 11,591 units in 100 properties (which we refer to as “unconsolidated”), of which 5,466 units were also managed by us; and | ||
• | provided services or managed, for third-party owners, 41,104 units in 441 properties, primarily pursuant to long-term agreements (including 37,579 units in 401 properties for which we provide asset management services only, and not also property management services), although in certain cases we may indirectly own generally less than one percent of the operations of such properties through a partnership syndication or other fund. |
Through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, AIMCO-GP, Inc. and AIMCO-LP, Inc., we own a majority of the ownership interests in AIMCO Properties, L.P., which we refer to as the Aimco Operating Partnership. As of March 31, 2007, we held approximately a 91% interest in the common partnership units and equivalents of the Aimco Operating Partnership. We conduct substantially all of our business and own substantially all of our assets through the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are referred to as “OP Units.” OP Units include common OP Units, partnership preferred units, or preferred OP Units, and high performance partnership units, or High Performance Units. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s income is allocated to holders of common OP Units based on the weighted average number of common OP Units outstanding during the period. The Aimco Operating Partnership records the issuance of common OP Units and the assets acquired in purchase transactions based on the market price of Aimco Class A Common Stock (which we refer to as Common Stock) at the date of execution of the purchase contract. The holders of the common OP Units receive distributions, prorated from the date of issuance, in an amount equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of Common Stock. Holders of common OP Units may redeem such units for cash or, at the Aimco Operating Partnership’s option, Common Stock. Preferred OP Units entitle the holders thereof to a preference with respect to distributions or upon liquidation. At March 31, 2007, 97,139,108 shares of our Common Stock were outstanding and the Aimco Operating Partnership had 9,685,789 common OP Units and equivalents outstanding for a combined total of 106,824,897 shares of Common Stock and OP Units outstanding (excluding preferred OP Units).
Except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership and their consolidated entities, collectively.
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Note 2 — Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2007, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2007.
The balance sheet at December 31, 2006, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in Aimco’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. Certain 2006 financial statement amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2007 presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated entities. As used herein, and except where the context otherwise requires, “partnership” refers to a limited partnership or a limited liability company and “partner” refers to a limited partner in a limited partnership or a member in a limited liability company. Interests held in consolidated real estate partnerships by limited partners other than us are reflected as minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The assets of consolidated real estate partnerships owned or controlled by Aimco or the Aimco Operating Partnership generally are not available to pay creditors of Aimco or the Aimco Operating Partnership.
We consolidate all variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Generally, we consolidate real estate partnerships and other entities that are not variable interest entities when we own, directly or indirectly, a majority voting interest in the entity or are otherwise able to control the entity.
Adoption of FIN 48
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued FASB Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, or FIN 48. FIN 48 prescribes a two-step process for the financial statement recognition and measurement of income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The first step involves evaluation of a tax position to determine whether it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step involves measuring the benefit to recognize in the financial statements for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.
We adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. Upon adoption, we recorded a $0.8 million charge to distributions in excess of earnings to reflect our measurement in accordance with FIN 48 of uncertain income tax positions that affect net operating loss carryforwards recognized as deferred tax assets. As of January 1, 2007, our unrecognized tax benefits totaled approximately $3.1 million. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized, they will affect the effective tax rates in future periods. There were no changes in unrecognized tax benefits during the three months ended March 31, 2007. We do not anticipate any material changes in existing unrecognized tax benefits during the next 12 months. Our federal and state income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2003, and subsequent years are currently subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authorities. Certain of our state income tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2002, also are currently subject to examination. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to income taxes in other expenses (income), net.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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We test for the recoverability of real estate assets that do not currently meet all conditions to be classified as held for sale, but are expected to be disposed of prior to the end of their estimated useful lives. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a property may not be recoverable, we make an assessment of its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of the property, excluding interest charges. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the property.
If an impairment loss is not required to be recorded under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144,Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,or SFAS 144, the recognition of depreciation is adjusted prospectively, as necessary, to reduce the carrying amount of the real estate to its estimated disposition value over the remaining period that the real estate is expected to be held and used. We also may adjust depreciation prospectively to reduce to zero the carrying amount of buildings that we plan to demolish in connection with a redevelopment project. These depreciation adjustments decreased net income by $10.9 million and $4.8 million, and resulted in a decrease in basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.11 and $0.05, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Note 3 — Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
In connection with our redevelopment and capital improvement activities, we have commitments of approximately $167.5 million related to construction projects, most of which we expect to incur within one year. Additionally, we enter into certain commitments for future purchases of goods and services in connection with the operations of our properties. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to our historical expenditures.
As discussed in Note 8, we have a commitment to acquire minority interests in VMS National Properties Joint Venture based on terms that will require us to transfer consideration totaling approximately $20 million, consisting of a combination of cash and common OP Units.
We have committed to fund an additional $11.8 million in second mortgage loans on certain properties in West Harlem, in New York City. In certain circumstances, we also could be required to acquire the properties for cash and/or assumption of first mortgage debt totaling approximately $139 million to $206 million, in addition to amounts funded and committed under the related loan agreement.
Tax Credit Arrangements
We are required to manage certain consolidated real estate partnerships in compliance with various laws, regulations and contractual provisions that apply to our syndication of historic and low-income housing tax credits. In some instances, noncompliance with applicable requirements could result in projected tax benefits not being realized and require a refund or reduction of investor capital contributions, which are reported as deferred income in our consolidated balance sheet, until such time as our obligation to deliver tax benefits is relieved. The remaining compliance periods for our tax credit syndication arrangements range from less than one year to 15 years. At March 31, 2007, we do not anticipate that any material refunds or reductions of investor capital contributions will be required in connection with these arrangements.
Legal Matters
In addition to the matters described below, we are a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are covered by our general liability insurance program, and none of which we expect to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Limited Partnerships
In connection with our acquisitions of interests in real estate partnerships, we are sometimes subject to legal actions, including allegations that such activities may involve breaches of fiduciary duties to the partners of such real estate partnerships or violations of the relevant partnership agreements. We may incur costs in connection with the defense or settlement of such litigation. We believe that we comply with our fiduciary obligations and relevant partnership agreements. Although the outcome of any litigation is uncertain, we do not expect any such legal actions to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
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Environmental
Various Federal, state and local laws subject property owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation, of certain hazardous substances present on a property. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of the hazardous substances. The presence of, or the failure to manage or remedy properly, hazardous substances may adversely affect occupancy at affected apartment communities and the ability to sell or finance affected properties. In addition to the costs associated with investigation and remediation actions brought by government agencies, and potential fines or penalties imposed by such agencies in connection therewith, the presence of hazardous substances on a property could result in claims by private plaintiffs for personal injury, disease, disability or other infirmities. Various laws also impose liability for the cost of removal, remediation or disposal of hazardous substances through a licensed disposal or treatment facility. Anyone who arranges for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances is potentially liable under such laws. These laws often impose liability whether or not the person arranging for the disposal ever owned or operated the disposal facility. In connection with the ownership, operation and management of properties, we could potentially be liable for environmental liabilities or costs associated with our properties or properties we acquire or manage in the future.
We have determined that our legal obligations to remove or remediate hazardous substances may be conditional asset retirement obligations as defined in FASB Interpretation No. 47,Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations. Except in limited circumstances where the asset retirement activities are expected to be performed in connection with a planned construction project or property casualty, we believe that the fair value of our asset retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated due to significant uncertainties in the timing and manner of settlement of those obligations. Asset retirement obligations that are reasonably estimable as of March 31, 2007 are immaterial to our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Mold
We have been named as a defendant in lawsuits that have alleged personal injury and property damage as a result of the presence of mold. In addition, we are aware of lawsuits against owners and managers of multifamily properties asserting claims of personal injury and property damage caused by the presence of mold, some of which have resulted in substantial monetary judgments or settlements. We have only limited insurance coverage for property damage loss claims arising from the presence of mold and for personal injury claims related to mold exposure. We have implemented policies, procedures, third-party audits and training, and include a detailed moisture intrusion and mold assessment during acquisition due diligence. We believe these measures will prevent or eliminate mold exposure from our properties and will minimize the effects that mold may have on our residents. To date, we have not incurred any material costs or liabilities relating to claims of mold exposure or to abate mold conditions. Because the law regarding mold is unsettled and subject to change, we can make no assurance that liabilities resulting from the presence of or exposure to mold will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Unclaimed Property and Use Taxes
Based on inquiries from several states, we are reviewing our historic forfeiture of unclaimed property pursuant to applicable state and local laws. We are also reviewing our historic filing of use tax returns in certain state and local jurisdictions that impose such taxes. Although the outcome is uncertain, we do not expect the effect of any non-compliance to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Insurance Litigation
The previously disclosed litigation brought by WestRM — West Risk Markets, Ltd. against XL Reinsurance America, Inc. (“XL”), Greenwich Insurance Company (“Greenwich”) and Lumbermens in which we were made a third party defendant was settled on March 23, 2007, in advance of the April 10, 2007 trial date. Aimco agreed to pay Greenwich and XL $3.8 million in exchange for a release of all claims asserted by Greenwich and XL and recorded a $3.8 million loss for this matter during the three months ended March 31, 2007. Aimco is pursuing claims against its professional liability carrier for its failure to defend and pay for these claims, and is seeking contribution from third parties for this loss from other parties, including its professional liability carrier.
FLSA Litigation
The Aimco Operating Partnership and NHP Management Company (“NHPMN”), our subsidiary, are defendants in a lawsuit alleging that they willfully violated the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) by failing to pay maintenance workers overtime for time worked in excess of 40 hours per week. The complaint, filed in August 2003 in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, attempts to bring a collective action under the FLSA and seeks to certify state subclasses in California, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. Specifically, the plaintiffs contend that the Aimco Operating
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Partnership and NHPMN failed to compensate maintenance workers for time that they were required to be “on-call.” Additionally, the complaint alleges the Aimco Operating Partnership and NHPMN failed to comply with the FLSA in compensating maintenance workers for time that they worked in excess of 40 hours in a week. In June 2005, the court conditionally certified the collective action on both the on-call and overtime issues. Approximately 1,049 individuals opted into the class. On March 28, 2007, the court issued an opinion decertifying the collective action on both issues. The court held that the members of the collective action are not similarly situated and the case may not proceed as a collective action. The nine named plaintiffs still maintain their individual causes of action, and the court is transferring their individual cases to a federal court in the state where each of the named plaintiffs resides. In addition to the District of Columbia case described above, in 2005 the plaintiffs filed class actions with the same allegations in the Superior Court of California (Contra Costa County) and in Montgomery County Maryland Circuit Court. These cases were stayed pending the resolution of the decertification motion in the District of Columbia case. Although the outcome of any litigation is uncertain, we do not believe that the ultimate outcome will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
Note 4 — Stockholders’ Equity
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we repurchased 1,766,300 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $57.35 per share (including commissions) for cash totaling $101.3 million. We also paid cash totaling $10.3 million in January 2007 to settle repurchases of Common Stock in December 2006.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, we issued approximately 442,000 and 29,000 shares, respectively, of Common Stock in exchange for common OP Units tendered for redemption. In addition, we issued approximately 246,000 and 402,000 restricted shares of Common Stock to certain officers and employees during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The restricted shares are subject to vesting over periods of predominantly four or five years. During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, we issued 20,000 and 15,000 unrestricted shares, respectively, of Common Stock to independent members of our Board of Directors.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, we issued 7,409 shares and 7,359 shares, respectively, of Common Stock to certain non-executive officers at fair value. In exchange for common shares purchased, those non-executive officers executed promissory notes payable totaling $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Total payments on all such notes from all officers for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 were $1.3 million and $16.5 million, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, we granted options to certain executive officers to purchase approximately 314,000 and 636,000 shares, respectively, of Common Stock. The options all have exercise prices equal to the fair market value at the date of grant. The stock options had a weighted average grant-date fair value of $11.30 and $5.23 per share, respectively, and are subject to vesting over periods of predominantly four or five years. During the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, stock option exercises resulted in the issuance of approximately 1,370,000 and 1,049,000 shares, respectively, of Common Stock and generated net proceeds of $52.5 million and $38.9 million, respectively.
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Note 5 — Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale
At March 31, 2007, we had six properties with an aggregate of 1,248 units classified as held for sale. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we sold 12 properties with an aggregate of 1,913 units. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we sold 77 properties with an aggregate of 17,307 units and closed the sale of a portion of the Flamingo South Beach property, known as the South Tower, with an aggregate of 562 units. For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, discontinued operations included the results of operations of all of the above properties prior to the date of sale.
The following is a summary of the components of income from discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Rental and other property revenues | $ | 5,549 | $ | 38,912 | ||||
Property operating expense | (3,037 | ) | (20,341 | ) | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | (1,509 | ) | (10,492 | ) | ||||
Other (expenses) income, net | (748 | ) | (1,608 | ) | ||||
Operating income | 255 | 6,471 | ||||||
Interest income | 49 | 280 | ||||||
Interest expense | (1,965 | ) | (8,171 | ) | ||||
Gain on extinguishment of debt | 22,852 | — | ||||||
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships | 99 | 1,195 | ||||||
Income (loss) before gain on dispositions of real estate, impairment losses, deficit distributions to minority partners, income tax and minority interest in Aimco Operating Partnership | 21,290 | (225 | ) | |||||
Gain on dispositions of real estate, net of minority partners’ interest | 15,633 | 99,710 | ||||||
Real estate impairment losses, net | (843 | ) | (203 | ) | ||||
Recovery of deficit distributions (deficit distributions) to minority partners | (59 | ) | 14,276 | |||||
Income tax arising from dispositions | (164 | ) | (26,943 | ) | ||||
Minority interest in Aimco Operating Partnership | (3,353 | ) | (8,339 | ) | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | $ | 32,504 | $ | 78,276 | ||||
Gain on disposition of real estate is reported net of incremental direct costs incurred in connection with the transaction, including any prepayment penalties incurred upon repayment of mortgage loans collateralized by the property being sold. Such prepayment penalties totaled $1.0 million and $27.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
We are currently marketing for sale certain real estate properties that are inconsistent with our long-term investment strategy. We expect that all properties classified as held for sale will sell within one year from the date classified as held for sale. At March 31, 2007, assets classified as held for sale of $39.9 million included real estate net book value of $39.1 million, and liabilities related to assets classified as held for sale of $27.7 million included mortgage debt of $27.3 million. At December 31, 2006, we had assets classified as held for sale of $88.6 million and liabilities related to assets classified as held for sale of $86.9 million. Impairment losses recorded in discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 were $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively. We are also marketing for sale certain other properties that do not meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale.
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Note 6 — Earnings per Share
We calculate earnings per share based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock, common stock equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period. The following table illustrates the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Numerator: | ||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (7,296 | ) | $ | 5,795 | |||
Less net income attributable to preferred stockholders | (16,348 | ) | (24,054 | ) | ||||
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share — Loss from continuing operations | $ | (23,644 | ) | $ | (18,259 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations | $ | 32,504 | $ | 78,276 | ||||
Net income | $ | 25,208 | $ | 84,071 | ||||
Less net income attributable to preferred stockholders | (16,348 | ) | (24,054 | ) | ||||
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share — Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 8,860 | $ | 60,017 | ||||
Denominator: | ||||||||
Denominator for basic earnings per share — weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding | 95,971 | 95,183 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||
Dilutive potential common shares | — | — | ||||||
Denominator for diluted earnings per share | 95,971 | 95,183 | ||||||
Earnings (loss) per common share: | ||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share: | ||||||||
Loss from continuing operations (net of preferred dividends) | $ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.19 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.34 | 0.82 | ||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.63 | ||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share: | ||||||||
Loss from continuing operations (net of preferred dividends) | $ | (0.25 | ) | $ | (0.19 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.34 | 0.82 | ||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.63 | ||||
All of our convertible preferred stock is anti-dilutive on an “if converted” basis. Therefore, we deduct all of the dividends payable on the convertible preferred stock to arrive at the numerator and no additional shares are included in the denominator when calculating basic and diluted earnings per common share. For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, we have excluded from diluted earnings per share common share equivalents related to vested and unvested stock options, restricted stock awards, and shares issued for the portions of notes receivable that are non-recourse, because their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, such common share equivalents related to stock options, restricted stock awards and non-recourse shares were approximately 7.4 million, 1.0 million and 0.1 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, such common share equivalents related to stock options, restricted stock awards and non-recourse shares were approximately 10.3 million, 1.0 million and 0.2 million, respectively.
Note 7 — Business Segments
We have two reportable segments: real estate (owning and operating apartments) and asset management and transactions (providing asset management, investment and transaction services). Our reportable segments changed in 2007 as a result of the reorganization of certain departments and functions. These changes include a realignment of our property management services from the asset management and transactions segment to the real estate segment. In addition, the asset management and transactions segment was expanded to include certain departments involved in asset acquisitions,
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dispositions, and other transactional activities. Prior to the reorganization, those departments were considered to be general and administrative functions and were not associated with any operating segment.
Our real estate segment owns and operates properties that generate rental and other property-related income through the leasing of apartment units to a diverse base of residents. We separately evaluate the performance of each of our properties. However, because the properties have similar economic characteristics, the properties are aggregated into a single real estate segment. All real estate revenues are from external customers and are not generated from transactions with other segments. No single resident or related group of residents contributed 10% or more of total revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2007 or 2006. Portions of the gross revenues earned in the asset management and transactions business are from transactions with affiliates in the real estate segment.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131,Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, or SFAS 131, requires that segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of assessing such segments’ performance. Our chief operating decision maker is comprised of several members of our executive management team who use several generally accepted industry financial measures to assess the performance of the business, including net asset value, net operating income, free cash flow, funds from operations, and adjusted funds from operations. The chief operating decision maker emphasizes net operating income as a key measurement of segment profit or loss. Net operating income is generally defined as segment revenues less direct segment operating expenses. Real estate segment net operating income also reflects adjustments related to minority interest in consolidated real estate operations and our equity in unconsolidated real estate operations. Asset management and transaction segment net operating income is adjusted to reflect a portion of our interest income and certain other income, including gains on sale of non-depreciable assets.
The following table presents the revenues and net operating income of our segments for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, and reconciles net operating income of our segments to income from continuing operations as reported in our consolidated statements of income (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||
Real estate segment | $ | 419,132 | $ | 393,341 | ||||
Asset management and transactions segment: | ||||||||
Gross revenues | 13,653 | 10,096 | ||||||
Elimination of intersegment revenues | (2,023 | ) | (557 | ) | ||||
Net revenues after elimination | 11,630 | 9,539 | ||||||
Total revenues of reportable segments | $ | 430,762 | $ | 402,880 | ||||
Net operating income: | ||||||||
Real estate segment | $ | 182,614 | $ | 178,908 | ||||
Asset management and activity segment | 8,264 | 10,480 | ||||||
Total net operating income of reportable segments | 190,878 | 189,388 | ||||||
Expenses (income) generally excluded from segment net operating income: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (123,990 | ) | (105,709 | ) | ||||
General and administrative expenses | (21,586 | ) | (20,237 | ) | ||||
Other (expenses) income, net | (2,191 | ) | (3,989 | ) | ||||
Interest income | 9,607 | 6,965 | ||||||
Provision for losses on notes receivable | (1,543 | ) | (262 | ) | ||||
Interest expense | (106,007 | ) | (97,276 | ) | ||||
Deficit distribution to minority partners | (1,270 | ) | (2,102 | ) | ||||
Equity in losses of unconsolidated real estate partnerships | (2,986 | ) | (1,863 | ) | ||||
Recoveries of real estate impairment losses, net | — | 987 | ||||||
Gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other | 20,422 | 9,696 | ||||||
Minority interests | (4,983 | ) | 5,492 | |||||
Less portions of excluded items included in segment net operating income: | ||||||||
Other expenses (income), net | 6,419 | (1,952 | ) | |||||
Interest income | (1,758 | ) | (139 | ) | ||||
Gain on sale of non-real estate assets | — | (5,700 | ) | |||||
Minority interest in consolidated real estate operations | 34,195 | 36,040 | ||||||
Equity in unconsolidated real estate operations | (2,503 | ) | (3,544 | ) | ||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | (7,296 | ) | $ | 5,795 | |||
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The assets of our reportable segments are as follows (in thousands):
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
ASSETS: | ||||||||
Total assets for reportable segments (1) | $ | 10,046,808 | $ | 10,004,701 | ||||
Corporate and other assets | 259,258 | 285,074 | ||||||
Total consolidated assets | $ | 10,306,066 | $ | 10,289,775 | ||||
(1) | Total assets for reportable segments include assets associated with both the real estate and asset management and transactions business segments. |
Note 8 — Transactions Involving VMS National Properties Joint Venture
In January 2007, VMS National Properties Joint Venture (“VMS”), a consolidated real estate partnership in which we hold a 22% equity interest, refinanced mortgage loans secured by its 15 apartment properties. The existing loans had an aggregate carrying amount of $110.0 million and an aggregate face amount of $152.2 million. The $42.2 million difference between the face amount and carrying amount resulted from a 1997 bankruptcy settlement in which the lender agreed to reduce the principal amount of the loans subject to VMS’s compliance with the terms of the restructured loans. Because the reduction in the loan amount was contingent on future compliance, recognition of the inherent debt extinguishment gain was deferred. Upon refinancing of the loans in January 2007, the existing lender accepted the reduced principal amount in full satisfaction of the loans, and we recognized the $42.2 million debt extinguishment gain in earnings.
In January 2007, eight of VMS’s properties met all conditions necessary to be classified as held for sale and reported in discontinued operations in accordance with SFAS 144. Accordingly, the $22.8 million portion of the debt extinguishment gain related to the mortgage loans that were secured by such eight properties is reported in discontinued operations. The $19.4 million portion of the debt extinguishment gain related to the mortgage loans that were secured by the seven VMS properties that are not held for sale is reported in our continuing operations as gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other. Six of the eight properties reported in discontinued operations were sold in March 2007 at an aggregate gain of $15.5 million. Although 78% of the equity interests in VMS are held by unrelated minority partners, no minority interest share of the gains on debt extinguishment and sale of the properties was recognized in our earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2007. As required by generally accepted accounting principles, we had in prior years recognized the minority partners’ share of VMS losses in excess of the minority partners’ capital contributions. The amounts of those previously recognized losses exceeded the minority partners’ share of the gains on debt extinguishment and sale of the properties; accordingly, the minority interest in such gains recognized in our earnings is limited to the minority interest in the Aimco Operating Partnership. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, the aggregate effect of the gains on extinguishment of VMS debt and sale of VMS properties was to decrease loss from continuing operations by $17.6 million, or $0.18 per share, and increase net income by $52.3 million, or $0.55 per share.
We plan to complete a transaction in 2007 that in substance will result in our acquisition of the minority partners’ interests in the seven VMS properties that are not classified as held for sale. We anticipate that the completion of this transaction will require us to transfer to the VMS minority partners consideration totaling approximately $20 million, consisting of a combination of cash and common OP Units
Note 9 — Asset Impairments
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we evaluated the recoverability of our $6.3 million equity investment in a group purchasing organization and a related $3.4 million note receivable. We initiated our evaluation as a result of information concerning its relationships with significant vendors. Based on our evaluation, we recorded impairments of $2.5 million in equity in losses of real estate partnerships and $1.4 million in provision for losses on notes receivable to adjust the carrying amounts of our equity investment and note receivable, respectively, to their estimated fair values.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we abandoned certain internal-use software development projects and recorded a $1.8 million write-off of the capitalized costs of such projects in depreciation and amortization.
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Note 10 — Recent Accounting Developments
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157. SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts. SFAS 157 applies whenever other standards require assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS 157 establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, such as the reporting entity’s own data. SFAS 157 requires fair value measurements to be disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We have not yet determined the effects that SFAS 157 will have on our financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Asset and Financial Liabilities, or SFAS 159. SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS 159 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We have not yet determined whether we will elect the fair value option for any of our financial instruments.
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward Looking Statements
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements in certain circumstances. Certain information included in this Report contains or may contain information that is forward-looking, including, without limitation, statements regarding the effect of acquisitions and redevelopments, our future financial performance, including our ability to maintain current or meet projected occupancy levels, rent levels and same store results, and the effect of government regulations. Actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and will be affected by a variety of risks and factors that are beyond our control including, without limitation: natural disasters such as hurricanes; national and local economic conditions; the general level of interest rates; energy costs; the terms of governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those regulations; the competitive environment in which we operate; financing risks, including the risk that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; real estate risks, including variations of real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and competition for residents in such markets; acquisition and development risks, including failure of such acquisitions to perform in accordance with projections; the timing of acquisitions and dispositions; litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; and possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of properties presently owned or previously owned by us. In addition, our current and continuing qualification as a real estate investment trust involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, through actual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Readers should carefully review our financial statements and the notes thereto, as well as the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, and the other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. As used herein and except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to Aimco, AIMCO Properties, L.P. (which we refer to as the Aimco Operating Partnership) and Aimco’s consolidated corporate subsidiaries and consolidated real estate partnerships, collectively.
Executive Overview
We are a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, engaged in the ownership, acquisition, management and redevelopment of apartment properties. Our property operations are characterized by diversification of product, location and price point. As of March 31, 2007, we owned or managed 1,237 apartment properties containing 213,681 apartment units located in 46 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Our primary sources of income and cash are rents associated with apartment leases.
The key financial indicators that we use in managing our business and in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance are: Net Asset Value, or NAV; Funds From Operations, or FFO; FFO less spending for Capital Replacements, or AFFO; same store property operating results; net operating income; net operating income less spending for Capital Replacements, or Free Cash Flow; financial coverage ratios; and leverage as shown on our balance sheet. These terms are defined and described in the sections captioned “Funds From Operations” and “Capital Expenditures” below. The key macro-economic factors and non-financial indicators that affect our financial condition and operating performance are: rates of job growth; single-family and multifamily housing starts; and interest rates.
Because our operating results depend primarily on income from our properties, the supply and demand for apartments influences our operating results. Additionally, the level of expenses required to operate and maintain our properties, the pace and price at which we redevelop, acquire and dispose of our apartment properties, and the volume and timing of fee transactions affect our operating results. Our cost of capital is affected by the conditions in the capital and credit markets and the terms that we negotiate for our equity and debt financings.
For 2007, our focus includes the following: enhance operations to improve and sustain customer satisfaction; obtain rate and occupancy increases to bring improved profitability; upgrade the quality of our portfolio through portfolio management, capital replacement, capital improvement and redevelopment; increase efficiency through improved business processes and automation; improve balance sheet flexibility; expand the use of tax credit equity to finance redevelopment of affordable properties; minimize our cost of capital; and monetize a portion of the value inherent in our properties with increased entitlements.
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The following discussion and analysis of the results of our operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the financial statements.
Results of Operations
Overview
Three months ended March 31, 2007 compared to three months ended March 31, 2006
We reported net income of $25.2 million and net income attributable to common stockholders of $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to net income of $84.1 million and net income attributable to common stockholders of $60.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006, which were decreases of $58.9 million and $51.1 million, respectively. These decreases were principally due to the following items:
• | a decrease in income from discontinued operations, primarily related to lower net gains on sales of real estate; | ||
• | an increase in depreciation expense, reflecting depreciation on newly acquired properties and recent capital projects, as well as adjustments to accelerate depreciation on certain properties; and | ||
• | an increase in interest expense, reflecting higher loan principal balances resulting from refinancings and acquisitions. |
The effects of these items on our operating results were partially offset by:
• | an increase in net operating income from property operations, which is primarily attributable to improved operating results of same store properties; and | ||
• | recognition of deferred debt extinguishment gains in connection with the refinancing of certain mortgage loans that had been restructured in a 1997 bankruptcy settlement. |
The following paragraphs discuss these and other items affecting the results of our operations in more detail.
Rental Property Operations
Our operating income is primarily generated from the operations of our consolidated properties. The principal components within our total consolidated property operations are: consolidated same store properties, which consist of all conventional properties that were owned (and not classified as held for sale) and managed by us, stabilized and consolidated for all comparable periods presented, and other consolidated properties, which primarily include newly consolidated, acquisition, affordable and redevelopment properties.
The following table summarizes the overall performance of our consolidated properties for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Rental and other property revenues | $ | 417,036 | $ | 390,311 | ||||
Property operating expenses | 196,671 | 183,397 | ||||||
Net operating income | $ | 220,365 | $ | 206,914 | ||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, net operating income for our consolidated property operations increased by $13.5 million, or 6.5%. This increase was primarily attributable to a $10.2 million increase in consolidated same store net operating income, which is discussed further below under “Consolidated Conventional Same Store Property Operating Results.” The operations of properties acquired in 2006 and the first quarter of 2007 resulted in a $3.4 million increase in net operating income. Affordable properties and properties undergoing redevelopment contributed increases in net operating income of $2.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a $3.4 million increase in casualty losses.
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Consolidated Conventional Same Store Property Operating Results
Same store operating results is a key indicator we use to assess the performance of our property operations and to understand the period over period operations of a consistent portfolio of properties. We define “consolidated same store” properties as conventional properties (i) that we manage, (ii) in which our ownership interest exceeds 10%, (iii) the operations of which have been stabilized and consolidated for all periods presented and (iv) that have not been classified as held for sale. The rental property operations of our consolidated same store properties are as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Consolidated same store revenues | $ | 296,485 | $ | 282,168 | ||||
Consolidated same store property operating expenses | 125,589 | 121,478 | ||||||
Consolidated same store net operating income | 170,896 | 160,690 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile same store net operating income to real estate segment net operating income (1) | 50,359 | 48,762 | ||||||
Real estate segment net operating income | $ | 221,255 | $ | 209,452 | ||||
Consolidated Same Store Statistics: | ||||||||
Properties | 392 | 392 | ||||||
Apartment units | 114,557 | 114,557 | ||||||
Average physical occupancy | 94.4 | % | 94.7 | % | ||||
Average rent/unit/month | $ | 839 | $ | 801 |
(1) | Reflects property revenues and property operating expenses related to consolidated properties other than same store properties (e.g., affordable, acquisition and redevelopment properties), casualty gains and losses, and net operating income from property management. |
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, consolidated same store net operating income increased by $10.2 million, or 6.4%. Revenues increased by $14.3 million, or 5.1%, primarily due to higher average rent (up $38 per unit) and higher utility reimbursements. Property operating expenses increased by $4.1 million, or 3.4%, primarily due to personnel and contract services expenses.
Property Management
We earn income from property management primarily from certain unconsolidated real estate partnerships for which we are the general partner. The income is primarily in the form of fees generated through property management and other associated activities. Reported revenue from property management decreases as we consolidate real estate partnerships because it is eliminated in consolidation. Additionally, our revenue decreases as properties within our unconsolidated real estate partnerships are sold. Offsetting the revenue earned in property management are the direct expenses associated with property management.
The following table summarizes the overall performance of our property management business for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates | $ | 2,096 | $ | 3,030 | ||||
Property management expenses | 1,206 | 492 | ||||||
Net operating income from property management | $ | 890 | $ | 2,538 | ||||
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For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, net operating income from property management decreased by $1.6 million, or 64.9%. This decrease reflects lower fee income resulting from the loss of management contracts in connection with sales of unconsolidated properties and certain nonrecurring expenses in 2007.
Activity Fees and Asset Management
Activity fees are generated from transactions, including dispositions, refinancings, and tax credit syndications and redevelopments. These transactions occur on varying timetables; thus, the income varies from period to period. We have affiliated real estate partnerships for which we have identified a pipeline of transactional opportunities. As a result, we view activity fees as a predictable part of our core business strategy. Asset management revenue is from the financial management of partnerships, rather than management of day-to-day property operations. Asset management revenue includes certain fees that were earned in a prior period, but not recognized at that time because collectibility was not reasonably assured. Those fees may be recognized in a subsequent period upon occurrence of a transaction or improvement in operations that generates sufficient cash to pay the fees. Activity and asset management expenses consist primarily of the costs of departments that perform transactional activities and asset management services. These activities are conducted primarily by our taxable subsidiaries, and the related operating income is generally subject to income taxes.
The following table summarizes the operating results of our transactional and asset management activities for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Activity fees and asset management revenues | $ | 11,630 | $ | 9,539 | ||||
Activity and asset management expenses | 5,654 | 4,898 | ||||||
Net operating income from activity fees and asset management | $ | 5,976 | $ | 4,641 | ||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, net operating income from activity fees and asset management increased by $1.3 million, or 28.8%. This increase is primarily attributable to a $2.0 million increase in revenues from tax credit arrangements and a $2.0 million increase in asset management fees. These increases were partially offset by a $2.0 million decrease in other transaction fee income and a $0.7 million increase in expenses related to these activities.
Depreciation and Amortization
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, depreciation and amortization increased $18.3 million, or 17.3%. This increase reflects depreciation of $6.3 million for newly acquired properties, completed redevelopments, and other capital projects recently placed in service. Depreciation also increased by $7.8 million as a result of depreciation adjustments necessary to reduce the carrying amount of real estate to its estimated disposition value or to zero in connection with a planned demolition (seeUse of Estimatesin Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1) and by $1.8 million as a result of the write-off of certain capitalized software costs (see Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1).
General and Administrative Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, general and administrative expenses increased $1.3 million, or 6.7%. This increase is primarily attributable to increases in employee compensation and related expenses.
Other Expenses (Income), Net
Other expenses (income), net includes income tax provision/benefit, franchise taxes, risk management activities related to our unconsolidated partnerships, partnership administration expenses and certain non-recurring items.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, other expenses (income), net changed favorably by $1.8 million. The net favorable change reflects a $3.2 million increase in income tax benefits and a $1.7 million charge for one-time benefits to terminated employees in 2006 that did not recur in 2007. These
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favorable changes were partially offset by a $3.8 million loss in connection with the settlement of a certain litigation matter (see Insurance Litigation in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1).
Interest Income
Interest income consists primarily of interest on notes receivable from non-affiliates and unconsolidated real estate partnerships, and interest earned on restricted and unrestricted cash balances.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, interest income increased $2.6 million, or 37.9%. This increase was principally due to higher average principal balances on notes receivable from non-affiliates and the acceleration of accretion of loan discounts in connection with the prepayment of principal on certain notes receivable during the three months ended March 31, 2007.
Interest Expense
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, interest expense, which includes the amortization of deferred financing costs, increased $8.7 million, or 9.0%. Interest on property loans payable increased $9.9 million primarily due to higher balances resulting from refinancing activities and mortgage loans on newly acquired properties. These increases were partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease in corporate interest expense and a $0.5 million increase in capitalized interest.
Gain on Dispositions of Unconsolidated Real Estate and Other
Gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other includes our share of gain related to dispositions of real estate within unconsolidated real estate partnerships, gain on dispositions of land and other non-depreciable assets and costs related to asset disposal activities. Changes in the level of gains recognized from period to period reflect the changing level of our disposition activity from period to period. Additionally, gains on properties sold are determined on an individual property basis or in the aggregate for a group of properties that are sold in a single transaction, and are not comparable period to period. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other also includes gains on extinguishment of debt.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other increased $10.7 million. This increase is primarily attributable to gains on extinguishment of debt totaling $19.4 million as discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1. The overall increase was offset by lower gains related to unconsolidated entities and other assets, including the effects of $5.7 million in gains on sale of land and other non-depreciable assets in 2006 that did not recur in 2007.
Minority Interest in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships reflects minority partners’ share of operating results of consolidated real estate partnerships. This includes the minority partners’ share of property management fees, interest on notes and other amounts eliminated in consolidation that we charge to such partnerships. However, we generally do not recognize a benefit for the minority interest share of partnership losses, which are typically attributable to real estate depreciation, for partnerships that have deficits in partners’ equity.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2006, the net effect of minority interests changed unfavorably by $11.1 million. This change is primarily attributable to the effects of a revision in our accounting treatment for tax credit arrangements effective in the third quarter of 2006, pursuant to which we now consider our tax credit partnerships to be wholly owned subsidiaries. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships included an $8.6 million benefit for the minority partners’ share of losses of tax credit partnerships. No comparable minority interest benefit was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2007, under our revised accounting treatment.
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net
The results of operations for properties sold during the period or designated as held for sale at the end of the period are generally required to be classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The property-specific components of net earnings that are classified as discontinued operations include all property-related revenues and operating expenses, depreciation expense recognized prior to the classification as held for sale, property-specific interest expense and debt extinguishment gains and losses to the extent there is secured debt on the property, and the associated minority interest. In
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addition, any impairment losses on assets held for sale and the net gain on the eventual disposal of properties held for sale are reported as discontinued operations.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, income from discontinued operations, net totaled $32.5 million and $78.3 million, respectively, which includes income from operations after interest income, interest expense, gain on extinguishment of debt and minority interest of $21.3 million in 2007 and a loss of $0.2 million in 2006. For 2007, income from discontinued operations included the operating results of 18 properties that were sold or classified as held for sale during 2007. For 2006, income from discontinued operations included the operating results of 20 properties and the South Tower of the Flamingo South Beach property that were sold or classified as held for sale in 2006 or 2007. Due to the varying number of properties and the timing of sales, the income from operations is not comparable from year to year. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, income from discontinued operations also included a $22.8 million gain on debt extinguishment related to eight properties that were sold or classified as held for sale in 2007 (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1).
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we sold 12 properties, resulting in a net gain on sale of approximately $15.4 million, net of $0.2 million of related income taxes. Additionally, in 2007 we recognized $0.8 million in impairment losses on assets sold or held for sale and $0.1 million of deficit distributions to minority partners. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we sold 19 properties and the South Tower, resulting in a net gain on sale of approximately $72.8 million (which is net of $26.9 million of related income taxes). Additionally, in 2006 we recognized $0.2 million in impairment losses on assets sold or held for sale and $14.3 million of net recoveries of deficit distributions to minority partners.
Changes in gains recognized from period to period reflect the changing level of our disposition activity from period to period. Additionally, gains on properties sold are determined on an individual property basis or in the aggregate for a group of properties that are sold in a single transaction, and are not comparable period to period. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for more information on discontinued operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which require us to make estimates and assumptions. We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Real estate and other long-lived assets to be held and used are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a property may not be recoverable, we make an assessment of its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of the property, excluding interest charges. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the property.
Real estate investments are subject to varying degrees of risk. Several factors may adversely affect the economic performance and value of our real estate investments. These factors include:
• | the general economic climate; | ||
• | competition from other apartment communities and other housing options; | ||
• | local conditions, such as loss of jobs or an increase in the supply of apartments, that might adversely affect apartment occupancy or rental rates; | ||
• | changes in governmental regulations and the related cost of compliance; | ||
• | increases in operating costs (including real estate taxes) due to inflation and other factors, which may not be offset by increased rents; | ||
• | changes in tax laws and housing laws, including the enactment of rent control laws or other laws regulating multifamily housing; | ||
• | changes in market capitalization rates; and | ||
• | the relative illiquidity of such investments. |
Any adverse changes in these and other factors could cause an impairment in our long-lived assets, including real estate and investments in unconsolidated real estate partnerships. Based on periodic tests of recoverability of long-lived assets,
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we determined that the carrying amount for our properties to be held and used was recoverable and, therefore, we did not record any impairment losses related to such properties during the three months ended March 31, 2007 or 2006.
Notes Receivable and Interest Income Recognition
Notes receivable from unconsolidated real estate partnerships consist primarily of notes receivable from partnerships in which we are the general partner. The ultimate repayment of these notes is subject to a number of variables, including the performance and value of the underlying real estate and the claims of unaffiliated mortgage lenders. Our notes receivable include loans extended by us that we carry at the face amount plus accrued interest, which we refer to as “par value notes,” and loans extended by predecessors whose positions we generally acquired at a discount, which we refer to as “discounted notes.”
We record interest income on par value notes as earned in accordance with the terms of the related loan agreements. We discontinue the accrual of interest on such notes when the notes are impaired, as discussed below, or when there is otherwise significant uncertainty as to the collection of interest. We record income on such nonaccrual loans using the cost recovery method, under which we apply cash receipts first to the recorded amount of the loan; thereafter, any additional receipts are recognized as income.
We recognize interest income on discounted notes receivable based upon whether the amount and timing of collections are both probable and reasonably estimable. We consider collections to be probable and reasonably estimable when the borrower has entered into certain closed or pending transactions (which include real estate sales, refinancings, foreclosures and rights offerings) that provide a reliable source of repayment. In such instances, we recognize accretion income, on a prospective basis using the effective interest method over the estimated remaining term of the loans, equal to the difference between the carrying amount of the discounted notes and the estimated collectible value. We record income on all other discounted notes using the cost recovery method. Accretion income recognized in any given period is based on our ability to complete transactions to monetize the notes receivable and the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated collectible amount of the notes; therefore, accretion income varies on a period-by-period basis and could be lower or higher than in prior periods.
Allowance for Losses on Notes Receivable
We assess the collectibility of notes receivable on a periodic basis, which assessment consists primarily of an evaluation of cash flow projections of the borrower to determine whether estimated cash flows are sufficient to repay principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the note. We recognize impairments on notes receivable when it is probable that principal and interest will not be received in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. The amount of the impairment to be recognized generally is based on the fair value of the partnership’s real estate that represents the primary source of loan repayment. In certain instances where other sources of cash flow are available to repay the loan, the impairment is measured by discounting the estimated cash flows at the loan’s original effective interest rate.
We recorded provisions for impairment losses on notes receivable of $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. We recorded a $0.3 million provision for impairment losses on notes receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2006. We will continue to evaluate the collectibility of these notes, and we will adjust related allowances in the future due to changes in market conditions and other factors.
Capitalized Costs
We capitalize costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our capital expenditure activities, including redevelopment and construction projects, other tangible property improvements, and replacements of existing property components. Included in these capitalized costs are payroll costs associated with time spent by site employees in connection with the planning, execution and control of all capital expenditure activities at the property level. Capitalized “indirect costs” represent an allocation of certain regional operating center and corporate level department costs, including payroll costs, which clearly relate to capital expenditure activities. We capitalize interest, property taxes and insurance during periods in which redevelopment and construction projects are in progress. Costs incurred in connection with capital expenditure activities are capitalized where the costs of the improvements or replacements exceed $250. We charge to expense as incurred costs that do not relate to capital expenditure activities, including ordinary repairs, maintenance, resident turnover costs and general and administrative expenses.
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For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, for continuing and discontinued operations, we capitalized $6.5 million and $6.0 million of interest costs, respectively, and $19.9 million and $14.3 million of site payroll and indirect costs, respectively.
Funds From Operations
Funds From Operations, or FFO, is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe, when considered with the financial statements determined in accordance with GAAP, is helpful to investors in understanding our performance because it captures features particular to real estate performance by recognizing that real estate generally appreciates over time or maintains residual value to a much greater extent than do other depreciable assets such as machinery, computers or other personal property. The Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, defines FFO as net income (loss), computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains from sales of depreciable property, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. We compute FFO for all periods presented in accordance with the guidance set forth by NAREIT’s April 1, 2002 White Paper, which we refer to as the White Paper. We calculate FFO (diluted) by subtracting redemption related preferred stock issuance costs and dividends on preferred stock and adding back dividends/distributions on dilutive preferred securities. FFO should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flows from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP, as an indication of our performance or as a measure of liquidity. FFO is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund future cash needs. In addition, although FFO is a measure used for comparability in assessing the performance of real estate investment trusts, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing FFO is comparable with that of other real estate investment trusts.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, our FFO is calculated as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, | ||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders (1) | $ | 8,860 | $ | 60,017 | ||||
Adjustments: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization (2) | 123,990 | 105,709 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization related to non-real estate assets | (6,623 | ) | (4,730 | ) | ||||
Depreciation of rental property related to minority partners’ interest and unconsolidated entities (3) (4) | (14,034 | ) | (13,897 | ) | ||||
Gain on dispositions unconsolidated real estate and other | (20,422 | ) | (9,696 | ) | ||||
Gain on dispositions of non-depreciable assets and other | 19,373 | 5,700 | ||||||
Deficit distributions to minority partners, net (5) | 1,270 | 2,102 | ||||||
Discontinued operations: | ||||||||
Gain on dispositions of real estate, net of minority partners’ interest (3) | (15,633 | ) | (99,710 | ) | ||||
Depreciation of rental property, net of minority partners’ interest (3) (5) | (16,154 | ) | 8,415 | |||||
Recovery of deficit distributions to minority partners, net (5) | 59 | (14,276 | ) | |||||
Income tax arising from disposals | 164 | 26,943 | ||||||
Minority interest in Aimco Operating Partnership’s share of above adjustments | (6,734 | ) | (646 | ) | ||||
Preferred stock dividends | 16,348 | 21,480 | ||||||
Redemption related preferred stock issuance costs | — | 2,574 | ||||||
Funds From Operations | $ | 90,464 | $ | 89,985 | ||||
Preferred stock dividends | (16,348 | ) | (21,480 | ) | ||||
Redemption related preferred stock issuance costs | — | (2,574 | ) | |||||
Dividends/distributions on dilutive preferred securities | — | 62 | ||||||
Funds From Operations attributable to common stockholders – diluted | $ | 74,116 | $ | 65,993 | ||||
Weighted average number of common shares, common share equivalents and dilutive preferred securities outstanding: | ||||||||
Common shares and equivalents (6) | 99,981 | 96,539 | ||||||
Dilutive preferred securities | — | 96 | ||||||
Total | 99,981 | 96,635 | ||||||
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Notes: | |||
(1) | Represents the numerator for earnings per common share (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1). | ||
(2) | Includes amortization of management contracts where we are the general partner. Such management contracts were established in certain instances where we acquired a general partner interest in either a consolidated or an unconsolidated partnership. Because the recoverability of these management contracts depends primarily on the operations of the real estate owned by the limited partnerships, we believe it is consistent with the White Paper to add back such amortization, as the White Paper directs the add-back of amortization of assets uniquely significant to the real estate industry. | ||
(3) | “Minority partners’ interest” means minority interest in our consolidated real estate partnerships. | ||
(4) | Adjustments related to minority partners’ share of depreciation of rental property include the subtraction of $15.1 million and $17.8 million for continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively, related to the VMS debt extinguishment gains (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1). These subtractions are required because we added back the minority partners’ share of depreciation related to rental property in determining FFO in prior periods. Accordingly, the net effect of the VMS debt extinguishment gains on our FFO for the three months ended March 31, 2007 was an increase of $9.3 million ($8.4 million after Minority Interest in Aimco Operating Partnership). | ||
(5) | In accordance with GAAP, deficit distributions to minority partners are charges recognized in our income statement when cash is distributed to a non-controlling partner in a consolidated real estate partnership in excess of the positive balance in such partner’s capital account, which is classified as minority interest on our balance sheet. We record these charges for GAAP purposes even though there is no economic effect or cost. Deficit distributions to minority partners occur when the fair value of the underlying real estate exceeds its depreciated net book value because the underlying real estate has appreciated or maintained its value. As a result, the recognition of expense for deficit distributions to minority partners represents, in substance, either (a) our recognition of depreciation previously allocated to the non-controlling partner or (b) a payment related to the non-controlling partner’s share of real estate appreciation. Based on White Paper guidance that requires real estate depreciation and gains to be excluded from FFO, we add back deficit distributions and subtract related recoveries in our reconciliation of net income to FFO. | ||
(6) | Represents the denominator for earnings per common share – diluted, calculated in accordance with GAAP, plus additional common share equivalents that are dilutive for FFO. |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations either through the sale or maturity of existing assets or by the acquisition of additional funds through working capital management. Both the coordination of asset and liability maturities and effective working capital management are important to the maintenance of liquidity. Our primary source of liquidity is cash flow from our operations. Additional sources are proceeds from property sales and proceeds from refinancings of existing mortgage loans and borrowings under new mortgage loans.
Our principal uses for liquidity include normal operating activities, payments of principal and interest on outstanding debt, capital expenditures, dividends paid to stockholders and distributions paid to partners, and acquisitions of, and investments in, properties. We use our cash provided by operating activities to meet short-term liquidity needs. In the event that the cash provided by operating activities is not sufficient to cover our short-term liquidity demands, we have additional means, such as short-term borrowing availability and proceeds from property sales and refinancings, to help us meet our short-term liquidity demands. We use our revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes and to fund investments on an interim basis. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, such as debt maturities and property acquisitions, through long-term borrowings, both secured and unsecured, the issuance of debt or equity securities (including OP Units), the sale of properties and cash generated from operations.
At March 31, 2007, we had $257.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $27.3 million from December 31, 2006. At March 31, 2007, we had $314.7 million of restricted cash primarily consisting of reserves and escrows held by lenders for bond sinking funds, capital expenditures, property taxes and insurance. In addition, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are held by unconsolidated partnerships. The following discussion relates to changes in cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, our net cash provided by operating activities of $84.7 million was primarily from operating income from our consolidated properties, which is affected primarily by rental rates, occupancy levels and operating expenses related to our portfolio of properties. Cash provided by operating activities decreased $27.2 million compared with the three months ended March 31, 2006. The decrease in operating cash flow is largely the result of significant reductions in accrued incentive compensation and other liabilities related to our operations during the three months ended March 31, 2007.
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Investing Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, net cash used in our investing activities of $110.3 million consisted primarily of capital expenditures and acquisitions of real estate, partially offset by proceeds from disposition of real estate.
Although we hold all of our properties for investment, we may sell properties when they do not meet our investment criteria or are located in areas that we believe do not justify our continued investment when compared to alternative uses for our capital. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we sold 12 consolidated properties. These properties were sold for an aggregate sales price of $76.6 million and generated proceeds totaling $64.5 million, after the payment of transaction costs and the assumption of debt. Sales proceeds were used to repay borrowings under our revolving credit facility and for other corporate purposes.
We are currently marketing for sale certain properties that are inconsistent with our long-term investment strategy. Additionally, from time to time, we may market certain properties that are consistent with our long-term investment strategy but offer attractive returns, such as sales to buyers who intend to convert the properties to condominiums. Gross sales proceeds from 2007 dispositions are expected to be $400 million to $600 million, and we plan to use our share of the net proceeds from such dispositions to reduce debt, fund capital expenditures on existing assets, fund property and partnership acquisitions and for other operating needs and corporate purposes.
Capital Expenditures
We classify all capital spending as Capital Replacements (which we refer to as CR), Capital Improvements (which we refer to as CI), casualties, redevelopment or entitlement. Expenditures other than casualty, redevelopment and entitlement capital expenditures are apportioned between CR and CI based on the useful life of the capital item under consideration and the period we have owned the property.
CR represents the share of capital expenditures that are deemed to replace the portion of acquired capital assets that was consumed during the period we have owned the asset. CI represents the share of expenditures that are made to enhance the value, profitability or useful life of an asset as compared to its original purchase condition. CI excludes capital expenditures for casualties, redevelopment and entitlements. Casualty expenditures represent capitalized costs incurred in connection with casualty losses and are associated with the restoration of the asset. A portion of the restoration costs may be reimbursed by insurance carriers subject to deductibles associated with each loss. Redevelopment expenditures represent expenditures that substantially upgrade the property. Entitlement expenditures represent expenditures incurred in connection with obtaining local governmental approvals to increase density and add residential units to a site. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we spent a total of $18.7 million, $18.6 million, $4.1 million, $57.7 million and $6.0 million, respectively, on CR, CI, casualties, redevelopment and entitlement.
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The table below details our share of actual spending, on both consolidated and unconsolidated real estate partnerships, for CR, CI, casualties, redevelopment and entitlements for the three months ended March 31, 2007, on a per unit and total dollar basis. Per unit numbers are based on approximately 130,480 average units in the quarter including 112,500 conventional and 17,980 affordable units. Average units are weighted for the portion of the period that we owned an interest in the property, represent ownership-adjusted effective units, and exclude non-managed units. Total capital expenditures are reconciled to our consolidated statement of cash flows for the same period (in thousands, except per unit amounts).
Our Share of | ||||||||
Expenditures | Cost Per Unit | |||||||
Capital Replacements Detail: | ||||||||
Building and grounds | $ | 6,066 | $ | 46 | ||||
Turnover related | 7,035 | 54 | ||||||
Capitalized site payroll and indirect costs and other | 5,584 | 42 | ||||||
Our share of Capital Replacements | $ | 18,685 | $ | 142 | ||||
Capital Replacements: | ||||||||
Conventional | $ | 17,335 | $ | 153 | ||||
Affordable | 1,350 | 73 | ||||||
Our share of Capital Replacements | 18,685 | $ | 142 | |||||
Capital Improvements: | ||||||||
Conventional | 16,367 | $ | 145 | |||||
Affordable | 2,210 | 119 | ||||||
Our share of Capital Improvements | 18,577 | $ | 141 | |||||
Casualties: | ||||||||
Conventional | 2,666 | |||||||
Affordable | 1,477 | |||||||
Our share of casualties | 4,143 | |||||||
Redevelopment: | ||||||||
Active Conventional | 48,617 | |||||||
Active tax credit projects | 798 | |||||||
Pre-construction and other activities | 8,304 | |||||||
Our share of redevelopment | 57,719 | |||||||
Entitlements | 5,967 | |||||||
Our share of total capital expenditures | 105,091 | |||||||
Plus minority partners’ share of consolidated spending | 16,373 | |||||||
Less our share of unconsolidated spending | (158 | ) | ||||||
Capital expenditures per consolidated statement of cash flows | $ | 121,306 | ||||||
The above spending for CI, casualties, redevelopment and entitlements includes approximately $18.1 million, which represents our share of capitalized site payroll and indirect costs related to these activities for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
We funded all of the above capital expenditures with cash provided by operating activities, working capital, property sales and borrowings under the revolving credit facility.
Financing Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, net cash provided by financing activities of $52.9 million was primarily attributable to proceeds from property loans, tax exempt bond financing and exercises of stock options. These cash inflows were largely offset by debt principal payments, repurchases of Common Stock, payments of dividends on Common Stock and preferred stock, and distributions to minority interests.
Mortgage Debt
At March 31, 2007, we had $6.5 billion in consolidated mortgage debt outstanding as compared to $6.2 billion outstanding at December 31, 2006. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we refinanced or closed mortgage
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loans on 42 consolidated properties, generating $503.2 million of proceeds from borrowings with a weighted average interest rate of 5.86%. Our share of the net proceeds after repayment of existing debt, payment of transaction costs and distributions to minority interests, was $216.3 million. We used these total net proceeds for capital expenditures and other corporate purposes. We intend to continue to refinance mortgage debt to generate proceeds in amounts exceeding our scheduled amortizations and maturities.
Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loans
We have an Amended and Restated Senior Secured Credit Agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions, which we refer to as the Credit Agreement. On March 22, 2006, we amended various terms in our Credit Agreement, including the ability to request an increase in the aggregate commitments (which may be revolving or term loan commitments) by an amount not to exceed $150 million; a reduction in the interest rate spread applicable to revolving loans to LIBOR plus a margin that can range from 1.125% to 1.75%; a reduction in the interest rate spread applicable to letters of credit; a reduction in the spread applicable to term loans to LIBOR plus 1.5%; and an extension of the maturity dates from November 2, 2007, to May 1, 2009, for the revolver, and from November 2, 2009, to March 22, 2011, for the term loans.
The aggregate amount of commitments and loans under the Credit Agreement is $850.0 million, comprised of $400.0 million in term loans and $450.0 million of revolving loan commitments. At March 31, 2007, the term loans had an outstanding principal balance of $400.0 million and an interest rate of 6.91%. At March 31, 2007, the revolving loans had an outstanding principal balance of $130.0 million and a weighted average interest rate of 6.70% (based on various weighted average LIBOR borrowings outstanding with various maturities). The amount available under the revolving credit facility at March 31, 2007, was $283.0 million (after giving effect to $37.0 million outstanding for undrawn letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility). The proceeds of revolving loans are generally permitted to be used to fund working capital and for other corporate purposes.
Equity Transactions
Under our shelf registration statement, we had available for issuance approximately $877 million of debt and equity securities, and the Aimco Operating Partnership had available for issuance $500 million of debt securities as of March 31, 2007.
Our Board of Directors has, from time to time, authorized us to repurchase shares of our outstanding capital stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we repurchased 1,766,300 shares of Common Stock for cash totaling $101.3 million. Currently, we are authorized to repurchase up to an additional 3.9 million shares of our Common Stock under an original 8 million share authorization that has no expiration date. These repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, we issued approximately 1,370,000 shares of Common Stock and received proceeds of $52.5 million in connection with the exercise of stock options.
Future Capital Needs
We expect to fund any future acquisitions, additional redevelopment projects and capital improvements principally with proceeds from property sales (including tax-free exchange proceeds), short-term borrowings, debt and equity financings and operating cash flows.
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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposure relates to changes in interest rates. We are not subject to any material foreign currency exchange rate risk or any other material market rate or price risks.
Our capital structure includes the use of fixed-rate and variable rate indebtedness. As such, we are exposed to the impact of changes in interest rates. We use predominantly long-term, fixed-rate and self-amortizing non-recourse mortgage debt in order to avoid the refunding and repricing risks of short-term borrowings. We use short-term debt financing primarily to fund short-term uses and acquisitions and generally expect to refinance such borrowings with cash from operating activities, property sales proceeds, long-term debt or equity financings. We make limited use of derivative financial instruments and we do not use them for trading or other speculative purposes. In some situations, we may use interest rate caps or swaps to limit our exposure to interest rate risk.
See “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 for a more detailed discussion of interest rate sensitivity. As of March 31, 2007, our market risk had not changed materially from the amounts reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are adequate.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) under the Exchange Act) during first quarter 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
See the information under the heading “Legal Matters” in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding legal proceedings, which information is incorporated by reference in this Item 1.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
As of the date of this report, there have been no material changes from the risk factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.From time to time during the three months ended March 31, 2007, we issued shares of Common Stock in exchange for common and preferred OP Units tendered to the Aimco Operating Partnership for redemption in accordance with the terms and provisions of the agreement of limited partnership of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Such shares are issued based on an exchange ratio of one share for each common OP Unit or the applicable conversion ratio for preferred OP Units. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 442,000 shares of Common Stock were issued in exchange for OP Units in these transactions. All of the foregoing issuances were made in private placement transactions exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(c) Repurchases of Equity Securities.The following table summarizes repurchases of our equity securities for the three months ended March 31, 2007:
Maximum Number | ||||||||||||||||
Total Number of | of Shares that | |||||||||||||||
Average | Shares Purchased | May Yet Be | ||||||||||||||
Total | Price | as Part of Publicly | Purchased Under the | |||||||||||||
Number | Paid | Announced Plans | Plans or Programs | |||||||||||||
Period | of Shares Purchased | per Share | or Programs | (1) | ||||||||||||
January 1 – January 31, 2007 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 5,699,080 | ||||||||||||
February 1 – February 28, 2007 | 611,600 | $ | 59.36 | 611,600 | 5,087,480 | |||||||||||
March 1 – March 31, 2007 | 1,154,700 | $ | 56.28 | 1,154,700 | 3,932,780 | |||||||||||
Total | 1,766,300 | $ | 57.35 | 1,766,300 | ||||||||||||
(1) | Our Board of Directors has, from time to time, authorized us to repurchase shares of our outstanding capital stock. In April 2005, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to a total of eight million shares of our Common Stock. We have approximately 3.93 million shares remaining under that authorization. This authorization has no expiration date. These repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. |
Dividend Payments.Our Credit Agreement includes customary covenants, including a restriction on dividends and other restricted payments, but permits dividends during any 12-month period in an aggregate amount of up to 95% of our Funds From Operations for such period or such amount as may be necessary to maintain our REIT status.
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ITEM 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed with this report:
EXHIBIT NO. | ||
3.1 | Charter (Exhibit 3.1 to Aimco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006, is incorporated herein by reference) | |
3.2 | Bylaws (Exhibit 3.2 to Aimco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2001, is incorporated herein by this reference) | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
99.1 | Agreement re: disclosure of long-term debt instruments |
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APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY | ||||
By: | /s/ THOMAS M. HERZOG | |||
Thomas M. Herzog | ||||
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (duly authorized officer and principal financial officer) | ||||
By: | /s/ SCOTT W. FORDHAM | |||
Scott W. Fordham | ||||
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer | ||||
Date: May 4, 2007
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EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT NO. | ||
3.1 | Charter (Exhibit 3.1 to Aimco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006, is incorporated herein by reference) | |
3.2 | Bylaws (Exhibit 3.2 to Aimco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2001, is incorporated herein by this reference) | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
99.1 | Agreement re: disclosure of long-term debt instruments |