UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 0-24218
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 95-4782077 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
6922 Hollywood Boulevard, 12th Floor, Los Angeles, California 90028
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)
(323) 817-4600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer S Accelerated filer £ Non-accelerated filer £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).Yes £ No S
As of October 25, 2006, there were 426,224,556 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
INDEX
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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Item 1. | Financial Statements | |
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| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2006 (unaudited) and December 31, 2005 | 1 |
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| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations—Unaudited for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 | 2 |
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| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity—Unaudited for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 | 3 |
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| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Unaudited for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 | 4 |
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| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—Unaudited | 5 |
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 14 |
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30 |
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 30 |
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
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Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 31 |
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Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 31 |
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Item 6. | Exhibits | 31 |
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Signature | 32 |
Items 2, 3, 4 and 5 of PART II are not applicable and have been omitted.
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(In thousands, except per share data)
| | September 30, 2006 | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 467,740 | | $ | 465,131 | |
Restricted cash | | | 31,616 | | | 39,484 | |
Marketable securities | | | 56,346 | | | 9,253 | |
Receivables, net | | | 77,279 | | | 77,230 | |
Deferred tax assets, net | | | 24,806 | | | 21,305 | |
Current income taxes receivable | | | — | | | 50,204 | |
Other current assets | | | 17,682 | | | 29,348 | |
Total current assets | | | 675,469 | | | 691,955 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 54,371 | | | 51,127 | |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | | | 61,920 | | | 61,800 | |
Finite-lived intangible assets, net | | | 96,112 | | | 107,638 | |
Goodwill | | | 260,503 | | | 259,524 | |
Income taxes receivable | | | 61,712 | | | 55,629 | |
Deferred tax assets, long-term, net | | | 11 | | | 10,143 | |
Other assets | | | 20,380 | | | 21,866 | |
| | $ | 1,230,478 | | $ | 1,259,682 | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | $ | 168,818 | | $ | 195,396 | |
Income taxes payable | | | 10,548 | | | 3,259 | |
Current portion of capital lease obligations | | | 593 | | | 558 | |
Current portion of deferred revenue | | | 131,362 | | | 139,913 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 311,321 | | | 339,126 | |
Long-term capital lease obligations, less current portion | | | 12,266 | | | 12,715 | |
Deferred revenue, less current portion | | | 382,310 | | | 425,286 | |
Other liabilities | | | 108,506 | | | 109,349 | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share | | | — | | | — | |
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | | | 4,337 | | | 4,337 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 8,466,836 | | | 8,465,785 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (7,982,232 | ) | | (8,022,885 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | | | 1,028 | | | 477 | |
Treasury stock, at cost | | | (73,894 | ) | | (74,508 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 416,075 | | | 373,206 | |
| | $ | 1,230,478 | | $ | 1,259,682 | |
| | | | | | | |
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(In thousands, except per share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cable and Satellite | $ | 75,162 | | $ | 67,694 | | $ | 221,458 | | $ | 201,974 | |
Publishing | | 45,701 | | | 63,557 | | | 120,865 | | | 200,597 | |
Consumer Electronics | | 28,084 | | | 21,225 | | | 83,945 | | | 72,253 | |
| | 148,947 | | | 152,476 | | | 426,268 | | | 474,824 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cable and Satellite | | 40,749 | | | 38,761 | | | 126,671 | | | 120,266 | |
Publishing | | 54,854 | | | 87,033 | | | 154,230 | | | 251,012 | |
Consumer Electronics | | 14,928 | | | 12,575 | | | 40,824 | | | 40,037 | |
Corporate | | 17,115 | | | 12,926 | | | 43,775 | | | 42,616 | |
Operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization | | 127,646 | | | 151,295 | | | 365,500 | | | 453,931 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 8,420 | | | 7,060 | | | 24,987 | | | 21,029 | |
| | 136,066 | | | 158,355 | | | 390,487 | | | 474,960 | |
Operating income (loss) | | 12,881 | | | (5,879 | ) | | 35,781 | | | (136) | |
Interest income, net | | 6,788 | | | 4,164 | | | 18,566 | | | 10,980 | |
Other income (expense), net | | 86 | | | (354 | ) | | 337 | | | (324) | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | | 19,755 | | | (2,069 | ) | | 54,684 | | | 10,520 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | 2,303 | | | (51,149 | ) | | 14,031 | | | (26,883 | ) |
Income from continuing operations | | 17,452 | | | 49,080 | | | 40,653 | | | 37,403 | |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from discontinued operations | | — | | | 1,976 | | | — | | | 5,047 | |
Income tax expense | | — | | | 59 | | | — | | | 309 | |
Income from discontinued operations | | — | | | 1,917 | | | — | | | 4,738 | |
Net income | $ | 17,452 | | $ | 50,997 | | $ | 40,653 | | $ | 42,141 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.04 | | $ | 0.12 | | $ | 0.10 | | $ | 0.09 | |
Income from discontinued operations | | 0.00 | | | 0.00 | | | 0.00 | | | 0.01 | |
Net income | $ | 0.04 | | $ | 0.12 | | $ | 0.10 | | $ | 0.10 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | 426,210 | | | 426,096 | | | 426,190 | | | 425,101 | |
Diluted | | 426,262 | | | 426,367 | | | 426,244 | | | 426,232 | |
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(In thousands)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| 2006 | | 2005 | | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 397,854 | | $ | 306,390 | | | $ | 373,206 | | $ | 310,792 | |
Net income | | 17,452 | | | 50,997 | | | | 40,653 | | | 42,141 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | | 60 | | | 399 | | | | 551 | | | (135 | ) |
Comprehensive income | | 17,512 | | | 51,396 | | | | 41,204 | | | 42,006 | |
Other, principally shares issued pursuant to stock option plans, including tax benefit, and stock compensation expense | | 709 | | | 1,528 | | | | 1,665 | | | 6,516 | |
Balance at end of period | $ | 416,075 | | $ | 359,314 | | | $ | 416,075 | | $ | 359,314 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(In thousands)
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 40,653 | | $ | 42,141 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 24,987 | | | 21,947 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 6,631 | | | (62,755 | ) |
Other | | | 4,297 | | | 2,706 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Restricted cash | | | 7,868 | | | (446 | ) |
Receivables | | | 448 | | | 9,519 | |
Income taxes receivable | | | 44,121 | | | (42,575 | ) |
Other assets | | | 11,033 | | | 9,543 | |
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities | | | (27,276 | ) | | (46,196 | ) |
Income taxes payable | | | 7,289 | | | 49,477 | |
Deferred revenue | | | (51,527 | ) | | (51,400 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | 68,524 | | | (68,039 | ) |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | |
Investments | | | (3,241 | ) | | - | |
Purchases of marketable securities | | | (81,258 | ) | | (22,503 | ) |
Maturities and sales of marketable securities | | | 34,541 | | | 22,980 | |
Proceeds from sale of assets | | | 8 | | | 134 | |
Additions to property and equipment | | | (15,807 | ) | | (12,737 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (65,757 | ) | | (12,126 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | |
Repayment of capital lease obligations | | | (414 | ) | | (383 | ) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | | | 123 | | | 5,663 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (291 | ) | | 5,280 | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | | | 133 | | | (212 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 2,609 | | | (75,097 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 465,131 | | | 558,529 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 467,740 | | $ | 483,432 | |
| | | | | | | |
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(1) Organization and Basis of Presentation
Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Gemstar” or the “Company”), is a media, entertainment and technology company that develops, licenses, markets and distributes technologies, products and services targeted at the television guidance and entertainment needs of television viewers worldwide.
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies described in the Company’s 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the interim period reporting requirements of Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 and its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2006 and March 31, 2006.
The accompanying interim financial statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position of the Company and its results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
Certain financial statement items for the prior period have been reclassified to conform to the 2006 presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a revised SFAS No. 123, Share-Based Payment (“Statement 123R”), which the Company adopted as of January 1, 2006 (See Note 9).
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure for tax positions. The provisions of FIN 48 will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal 2007. The Company is currently evaluating what effect, if any, the adoption of FIN 48 will have on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
(2) Dispositions
SkyMall
On December 1, 2005 the Company sold its SkyMall in-flight catalog business to a private equity group for $43.3 million in cash. Under the terms of the sale, the Company retained approximately $4.0 million of SkyMall liabilities and approximately $12.0 million of SkyMall’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. The operations of the SkyMall business are shown as discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Revenues of the SkyMall business were $19.2 million and $49.2 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2005, respectively.
SNG Businesses
On March 1, 2004, the Company entered into an agreement with EchoStar Communication Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries (“EchoStar”) whereby EchoStar acquired substantially all of the operating assets and certain liabilities of the Company’s SuperStar/Netlink Group LLC, UVTV distribution services and SpaceCom Systems businesses (collectively the “SNG Businesses”). Costs associated with this disposal were estimated at $5.9 million, and consisted principally of contractual acceleration of certain liabilities, employee-related transfer costs necessitated by the deal structure (asset purchase), and other transaction costs. As of September 30, 2006, $4.9 million of these costs remain unpaid and are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. These costs are expected to be paid next year.
(3) Litigation and Other Contingencies
The following material developments in the Company’s legal proceedings occurred in the quarter ended September 30, 2006. The Company intends to vigorously defend or prosecute all pending legal matters unless specified otherwise below.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(3) Litigation and Other Contingencies (continued)
Consolidated Shareholder Litigation
In re Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 02-CV-2775, MRP (PLAx), in the United States District Court for the Central District of California (the “Consolidated Shareholder Class Action”). In September of 2004, the Court approved the Company’s settlement of the consolidated actions for $67.5 million payable in cash and stock ($47.5 million in cash and 4,105,090 shares of common stock), which was valued at $6.09 per share on the date the agreement was reached, or $25 million in the aggregate. During the third quarter of 2004, the Company exercised its option to substitute $12.8 million in cash for 2,052,545 of the shares of common stock that were to be issued to the members of the class and also issued 328,407 shares of the common stock. On September 29, 2006 the Court granted a motion seeking court approval for the distribution of the remaining settlement proceeds to the class members/shareholders. As part of the distribution, the Company will issue 1,724,138 shares of common stock, and pay approximately $5.3 million to meet a “stock trading price guarantee” which is intended to make up the difference between the stock’s average round lot trading price over a specified period of time and the $6.09 that the stock was trading at when the settlement agreement was entered into. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreement, the Company is entitled to a credit of approximately $0.8 million for its settlement payment with the State of New Jersey in the matter of State of New Jersey v. Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc. et al., Case No. GC030987, in the California Superior Court for the County of Los Angeles. We expect that the distribution process will be completed in the fourth quarter of 2006.
Patent and Antitrust Litigation
Digeo, Inc. v. Gemstar - TV Guide International, Inc., TV Guide Interactive, Inc., and Gemstar Development Corporation, Case No. 06-CV-1417 RSM, in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. On September 28, 2006, Digeo, Inc. (“Digeo”) filed a lawsuit against the Company alleging that the Company violated the Sherman Act, the Clayton Act and Washington state antitrust law by, among other things, conspiring to restrain trade and monopolizing the interactive program guide market via its licensing practices. As specified in its complaint, Digeo seeks injunctive relief; monetary damages, including treble damages; interest; attorney fees; and costs.
Gemstar - TV Guide International, Inc., StarSight Telecast, Inc. and United Video Properties, Inc. v. Digeo, Inc. and Charter Communications, Inc., Case No. 06-CV-6519 DSF, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. On October 13, 2006 the Company filed a lawsuit against Digeo, Inc. and Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California alleging that the interactive program guide (“IPG”) distributed by Digeo infringes U.S. Patent No. 6,262,722 and U.S. Patent No. 6,498,895, and that as early as 2004, the Company contacted Digeo about the marketing and sales of its IPG, the Company’s IPG patents and the opportunity to obtain a license to the Company’s IPG patents. The Company seeks a declaration that Digeo and Charter have infringed either directly or contributorily the subject patents; an order permanently enjoining them from future infringement of the patents; reasonable royalties; monetary damages, including treble damages; attorney fees; costs; and prejudgment interest.
Claims Under the Company’s Directors and Officers Liability Insurance Policies
Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA, Federal Insurance Company, et al., Case No. 06-CV-05183 GAF in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. On August 17, 2006, the Company filed a complaint against its former primary and excess insurance carriers alleging that the issuers of the Company’s directors and officers liability insurance policies, with aggregate policy limits of $50 million, for the 1999-2002 policy periods, breached their obligations under these policies by, among other things, failing to pay defense costs related to a Securities & Exchange Commission investigation into accounting and financial reporting; various related shareholder and derivative actions; and the action entitled Securities and Exchange Commission v. Henry C. Yuen, et al., which alleged violations of federal securities laws. The complaint alleges breach of contract, fraud, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and seeks declaratory relief regarding the duty to pay defense costs and indemnity for underlying lawsuits and SEC investigations, monetary damages plus interest, attorneys’ fees and costs, and punitive damages. On or about October 19, 2006, the Company’s excess insurance carrier, Federal Insurance Company, filed a motion to dismiss and/or strike the Company’s complaint. A response from the Company’s primary insurance carrier, National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA, is not due until early November. The Company has not recorded a contingent receivable with respect to this matter in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Litigation
Henry Yuen and Elsie Leung v. Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc., American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) Case Nos. 13 Y 116 01305 03 and 13 Y 116 01300 03. On May 30, 2003, the Company’s former employees, Mr. Yuen and Ms. Leung, commenced arbitration proceedings against the Company to contest their April 18, 2003, termination for cause, seeking monetary damages, interest, and attorneys’
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(3) Litigation and Other Contingencies (continued)
fees and costs. On July 9, 2003, the Company filed a consolidated response and counterclaim alleging breach of representations and warranties under agreements entered into in connection with the Company’s November 2002 management and corporate governance restructuring, seeking monetary damages and other relief. As previously reported, on June 13, 2006, the Company entered into a settlement and release agreement with Ms. Leung in the arbitration captioned Elsie M. Leung v. Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc. , AAA Case No. 13 116Y 01300 03. As a result of the settlement, the liability the Company carried on its balance sheet for restructuring payments and related interest and accrued payroll taxes and legal expenses, totaling approximately $9.2 million, was extinguished in the Company’s fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2006. Of this $9.2 million liability, $8.9 million was recorded as a reduction in Corporate Segment expenses and $0.3 million as interest income. Additionally, the Company reclassified approximately $8.4 of restricted cash on its balance sheet to cash and cash equivalents.
In the arbitration proceeding captioned Henry Yuen v. Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc., AAA Case No. 13 Y 116 01305 03, hearings resumed on October 16, 2006 and concluded on October 17, 2006. Mr. Yuen did not show up for the hearings, despite being ordered to do so by the Arbitration panel. Mr. Yuen, through his attorneys, stipulated on the record to a finding that he had breached the representations and warranties made to the Company in connection with the restructuring agreements, which validated the Company’s decision to terminate Mr. Yuen “for cause” in April of 2003. Consequently, Mr. Yuen can no longer pursue his claims for certain stock grants, must return certain compensation and previously advanced attorney’s fees and costs, and is not entitled to indemnification for attorneys’ fees and costs. The Company has not recorded a contingent receivable with respect to these matters in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Further, Mr. Yuen is no longer entitled to advancement from the Company for attorneys’ fees and costs arising out of or relating to the accounting improprieties that occurred at the Company during Mr. Yuen’s employment with the Company. As a result, the liability the Company carried on its balance sheet for accrued legal expenses totaling $3.9 million has been extinguished in the Company’s fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2006. Mr. Yuen continues to argue, however, that he is entitled to, among other things, the funds originally set-aside for payment to him in connection with the Company’s November 2002 management and corporate governance restructuring (the “1103 funds”), approximately $30.7 million. Those funds remain in a segregated account pursuant to a May 2003 court order in the case titled In the Matter of an Application for a Temporary Order Pursuant to Section 1103 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Securities and Exchange Commission v. Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc., Case No. CV-03-3124 MRP, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Mr. Yuen also continues to dispute the Company’s counterclaims against him. The Company is actively pursuing its counterclaims, and continues to oppose, among other things, Mr. Yuen’s claim to the 1103 funds and additional damages. Now that the arbitration hearings have concluded, the parties are engaged in post-hearing briefings.
Brian Urban v. Gemstar - TV Guide International, Inc. and Rich Battista, United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA"), Case No. 9-3290-06-038. In April 2006 Mr. Urban filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Region IX, pursuant to Section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In his complaint, Mr. Urban alleged that he was terminated in retaliation for reporting certain matters which were material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls. Mr. Urban seeks reinstatement, back pay, interest, other compensatory damages, exemplary and punitive damages, costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees. As previously reported, Mr. Urban’s OSHA case is stayed pending a determination by the Department of Labor on whether to defer the matter to arbitration pursuant to an arbitration clause in Mr. Urban’s employment agreement. On October 10, 2006 the Company commenced an arbitration proceeding against Mr. Urban entitled Gemstar - TV Guide International, Inc. v. Brian Urban, American Arbitration Association (“AAA”), related to Mr. Urban’s possession of confidential documents belonging to the Company. In addition, the Company seeks, among other things, a determination that the Company’s decision to terminate Mr. Urban in January 2006 was for cause. In the arbitration proceeding the Company has asserted claims for misappropriation, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion, and the violation of applicable statutes. The Company’s arbitration demand seeks injunctive and declaratory relief, as well as monetary damages, attorney fees, and costs of suit.
Other Contingencies
In conjunction with a lawsuit filed in 2005 by Finisar Corporation (“Finisar”) against DirecTV Group, Inc. (“DirecTV”), the Company received a notice of a potential claim for indemnification from DirecTV. Finisar alleged that several aspects of the DirecTV satellite transmission system, including its advanced electronic program guide (“Advanced EPG”), infringed their patent (U.S. Patent No. 5,404,505). On June 23, 2006, the jury returned a verdict in favor of Finisar finding the ‘505 patent valid and willfully infringed, and assessing damages against DirecTV in the amount of approximately $79 million. On July 7, 2006 the Court signed an order of final judgment against DirecTV in the amount of approximately $117 million which included pre-judgment interest and an enhancement of damages based on the finding of willful infringement. In addition, the Court ordered DirecTV to pay approximately $1.60 per set top box in licensing fees going forward, in lieu of an injunction, until the expiration of the ‘505 patent in 2012. On October 4, 2006, DirecTV filed a notice of appeal to the Federal Circuit. The Company has not established a reserve with respect to the potential indemnification claim that may be asserted by DirecTV in connection with this matter.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(3) Litigation and Other Contingencies (continued)
Comcast Cable Communications Corp., LLC (“Comcast”) has also put the Company on notice that it has received communications from Finisar regarding potential infringement of the ‘505 patent. On July 7, 2006, Comcast filed a declaratory judgment action in the Northern District of California asking the Court to rule, among other things, that it does not infringe the ‘505 patent and / or that the patent is invalid. On September 14, 2006, Finisar filed a motion to dismiss Comcast’s complaint claiming that the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction. Comcast has not taken any further action in regards to a potential indemnity claim against the Company related to the Finisar patent.
The Company evaluates estimated losses for such indemnifications under SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, as interpreted by FASB Interpretation No. 45. The Company considers such factors as the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss.
In addition to the items listed above, the Company is party to various legal actions, claims and proceedings as set forth in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 and its Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2006 and March 31, 2006, as well as other actions, claims and proceedings incidental to its business. Additional information regarding certain of the matters discussed above is contained in those filings.
The Company may be required to incur legal expenses and other related costs, such as attorney’s fees, in connection with litigation and other contingency matters in aggregate amounts that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
(4) Post-Employment Compensation
In accordance with the terms of Mr. Yuen’s employment agreement, the Company was obligated to pay salary and benefits to Mr. Yuen. Following the Court’s issuance of findings in the SEC case against Mr. Yuen (Securities and Exchange Commission v. Henry C. Yuen, et al., Case No. 03-CV-4376, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California), in April 2006 the Company discontinued recognizing costs for Mr. Yuen’s salary and benefits under his employment agreement, pending further rulings on this matter by the arbitration panel. In the pending arbitration, Mr. Yuen, through his attorneys, stipulated on the record that he was terminated for cause. Accordingly, Mr. Yuen is no longer pursuing claims for compensation under the employment agreement in the arbitration proceedings and no further payments of compensation will be required under the employment agreement (See Note 3).
Pursuant to a Patent Rights Agreement with Mr. Yuen, the Company recognized costs totaling approximately $0.8 million and $2.5 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, respectively, and approximately $0.8 million and $2.4 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2005, respectively. These costs are included in operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The parties’ rights and obligations with respect to the Patent Rights Agreement, which was negotiated as part of the November 2002 management and corporate governance restructuring, are also at issue in the pending arbitration between the Company and Mr. Yuen (See Note 3).
(5) Guarantees and Indemnities
The Company guarantees from time to time the obligations and financial responsibilities of different subsidiaries incidental to their respective businesses.
The Company provides indemnification of varying scopes and amounts to certain of its licensees against claims made by third parties arising out of the incorporation of the Company’s products, intellectual property, services and/or technologies into the licensee’s products and services, provided the licensee is not in violation of the terms and conditions of the agreement and/or additional performance or other requirements for such indemnification. The Company’s indemnification obligation is typically limited to the cumulative amount paid to the Company by the licensee under the license agreement. Other license agreements, including those with our largest multiple system operators (“MSOs”) and digital broadcast satellite (“DBS”) providers, do not specify a limit on amounts that may be payable under the indemnity arrangements. The Company has received notice from DirecTV, a DBS licensee of the Company, in connection with a patent infringement claim filed against DirecTV by Finisar. Comcast, a large MSO licensee of the Company, recently commenced a declaratory relief action against Finisar, seeking a ruling that it does not infringe the Finisar patent at issue in the DirecTV case.
In connection with the Company's sale of its SkyMall in-flight catalog business, the Company has indemnified SkyMall and certain of its affiliates for various matters that are typical for transactions of this type, subject in certain instances to a negotiated basket and/or cap.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(5) Guarantees and Indemnities (continued)
In conjunction with the assignment of a lease held by TV Guide Interactive, Inc. (“Interactive”) to Guideworks, LLC, a 49% owned joint venture (“Guideworks”), Interactive and the Company’s co-venturer jointly and severally guaranteed the obligations of Guideworks under the lease. Interactive’s guaranty obligations continue as long as the Company is a member of Guideworks.
The Company has agreed to reimburse one of its licensees for legal expenses and liabilities in connection with certain pending claims in an aggregate amount not to exceed $3.5 million.
The Company maintains directors and officers (“D&O”) liability insurance with respect to liabilities arising out of certain matters, including matters arising under securities laws. This insurance is subject to limitations, conditions and deductibles set forth in the insurance policies.
(6) Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes as a percentage of income from continuing operations before income taxes was 11.7% and 25.7% respectively, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006. The Company’s effective tax rate in 2006 benefited from the conclusion of the Internal Revenue Services (“IRS”) audit of the Company’s 2002 and 2003 federal income tax returns and the elimination of the deferred tax asset and related valuation allowance for the amounts the Company had previously accrued under the 2002 management restructuring for Ms. Leung (See Note 3).
The Company’s income tax provision for the three months ended September 30, 2005 was primarily impacted by the closure of the IRS audit of the Company’s 2000 and 2001 federal income tax returns. As a result of the closure of the IRS Audit, the Company no longer required a valuation allowance against capital losses because such capital losses could be carried back to prior years. The Company’s income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was primarily impacted by the closure of the IRS audit discussed above and a valuation allowance required for a deferred tax asset arising from the taxable income created by the advance payments received in the multi-year patent and license distribution agreements with EchoStar and Comcast, which were entered into in 2004. While these advances were received during 2004, a substantial portion of these advances became taxable to the Company during 2005.
(7) Related Party Transactions
As of September 30, 2006, News Corporation beneficially owned approximately 41% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and four of the Company’s directors are also officers of News Corporation.
The Company charged entities controlled by News Corporation $3.1 million and $4.1 million for advertising and other services during the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $9.3 million and $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. During those same periods, the Company acquired programming from News Corporation-controlled entities at a cost of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The Company also provides advertising and other services to a third party that is the beneficiary of a media services commitment from News Corporation. News Corporation pays the Company for the services provided to the third party, and accordingly reduces News Corporation’s obligation to this third party. Under this arrangement, the Company charged News Corporation $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $0.5 million and $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The Company reimburses News Corporation for facilities and other general and administrative costs incurred on the Company’s behalf. Expenses associated with these costs approximated $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $3.2 million and $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. News Corporation also began providing the Company with the services of the Company’s current chairman of the board of directors starting in December 2004. Expenses associated with these services approximated $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(7) Related Party Transactions (continued)
During the third quarter of 2004, the Company entered into a long-term capital sublease with an affiliate of News Corporation for a transponder to be used in its Cable and Satellite Segment operations. Related amortization and interest expense recognized under this capital sublease was $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The total obligation under this capital lease was $12.9 million at September 30, 2006 and $13.3 million at December 31, 2005.
The Company transmits interactive program guide (“IPG”) data in the vertical blanking interval of television broadcast stations owned and operated by an affiliate of News Corporation. In exchange, the affiliate’s stations are entitled to a preferred position on the IPG in their designated market areas. In addition, the Company purchases paper through a paper procurement arrangement with News Corporation at negotiated prices with paper suppliers based on the combined paper requirements of the two organizations.
As of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had receivables due from News Corporation-controlled entities totaling $2.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, and payables due to News Corporation-controlled entities totaling $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
The Company has included in the amounts discussed above transactions with News Corporation and all known entities in which News Corporation has an interest greater than 50%. In addition, the Company has transactions with entities in which News Corporation owns, directly or indirectly, 50% or less.
(8) Segment Information
The Company’s reportable business segments are organized along three industry lines and are comprised of strategic business units that offer distinct products and services. In addition, there is a segment comprising certain corporate functions and related expenses.
The Cable and Satellite Segment offers technologies, products, and services to consumers and service providers in the cable and satellite industry. This Segment consists of TV Guide Channel, TV Guide Interactive, TVG Network, TV Guide Spot and TV Guide Mobile Entertainment.
The Publishing Segment consists of TV Guide Magazine, TV Guide Online and TV Guide Data Solutions.
The Consumer Electronics (“CE”) Segment consists of (i) CE IPG Technology for Company developed IPGs incorporated by CE manufacturers under the G-GUIDE brand in Japan, the GUIDE Plus+ brand in Europe and the TV Guide On Screen brand in North America, (ii) CE IPG Patent Licensing to third party guide developers such as CE manufacturers, set-top box manufacturers, interactive television software providers and program listings providers in the online, personal computer and other non-television businesses, and (iii) video recording technology currently marketed under the VCR Plus+ brand in North America and under other brands in Europe and Japan (collectively referred to as “VCR Plus+”). In the CE Segment we recognize substantially all costs associated with obtaining and protecting patents, including litigation related to the enforcement or defense of patent claims.
The Corporate Segment includes the Company’s corporate management, legal, human resources, corporate finance, business development, product development and information technology functions. The Corporate Segment also contains related costs, such as insurance and certain litigation, as well as costs associated with certain company-wide initiatives and the costs associated with early stage initiatives that have not yet been assigned to a business segment.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker uses an adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) measurement to evaluate the performance of, and allocate resources to, the strategic business units. Intersegment revenues and expenses have been eliminated from segment financial information as transactions between reportable segments are excluded from the measure of segment profit and loss when reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. Balance sheets of the reportable segments are not used by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources or assess performance of the businesses.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(8) Segment Information (continued)
Segment information for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 is presented and reconciled to consolidated income from continuing operations before income taxes as follows (in thousands):
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
Cable and Satellite Segment: | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 75,162 | | $ | 67,694 | | $ | 221,458 | | $ | 201,974 | |
Operating expenses (1) | | | 40,573 | | | 38,761 | | | 126,216 | | | 120,266 | |
Adjusted EBITDA(2) | | | 34,589 | | | 28,933 | | | 95,242 | | | 81,708 | |
Publishing Segment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | 45,701 | | | 63,557 | | | 120,865 | | | 200,597 | |
Operating Expenses(1) | | | 54,757 | | | 87,033 | | | 153,977 | | | 251,012 | |
Adjusted EBITDA(2) | | | (9,056 | ) | | (23,476 | ) | | (33,112 | ) | | (50,415 | ) |
Consumer Electronics Segment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | 28,084 | | | 21,225 | | | 83,945 | | | 72,253 | |
Operating Expenses(1) | | | 14,885 | | | 12,575 | | | 40,688 | | | 40,037 | |
Adjusted EBITDA(2) | | | 13,199 | | | 8,650 | | | 43,257 | | | 32,216 | |
Corporate Segment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Expenses(1) | | | 16,804 | | | 12,887 | | | 43,156 | | | 42,522 | |
Adjusted EBITDA(2) | | | (16,804 | ) | | (12,887 | ) | | (43,156 | ) | | (42,522 | ) |
Consolidated: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | 148,947 | | | 152,476 | | | 426,268 | | | 474,824 | |
Operating Expenses (1) | | | 127,019 | | | 151,256 | | | 364,037 | | | 453,837 | |
Adjusted EBITDA(2) | | | 21,928 | | | 1,220 | | | 62,231 | | | 20,987 | |
Stock compensation … | | | (627 | ) | | (39 | ) | | (1,463 | ) | | (94 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | (8,420 | ) | | (7,060 | ) | | (24,987 | ) | | (21,029 | ) |
Operating income (loss) | | | 12,881 | | | (5,879 | ) | | 35,781 | | | (136 | ) |
Interest income, net | | | 6,788 | | | 4,164 | | | 18,566 | | | 10,980 | |
Other income (expense), net | | | 86 | | | (354 | ) | | 337 | | | (324 | ) |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | | $ | 19,755 | | | (2,069 | ) | $ | 54,684 | | $ | 10,520 | |
(1) | Operating expenses means operating expenses, excluding stock compensation, depreciation and amortization and impairment of intangible assets. |
(2) | Adjusted EBITDA is defined as operating income (loss), excluding stock compensation, depreciation and amortization and impairment of intangible assets. The Company believes adjusted EBITDA to be relevant and useful information as adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate the performance of and make decisions about resource allocation to the industry segments |
(9) Stock-Based Employee Compensation
The Company adopted Statement 123R as of January 1, 2006. Statement 123R requires the Company to expense, in its consolidated statement of operations, the estimated fair value of employee stock options and similar awards. The Company adopted the provisions of Statement 123R using the modified prospective transition method and therefore has not restated prior periods’ results. Under this transition method, all awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of, January 1, 2006, are included in stock compensation expense using the compensation cost calculated for pro forma disclosure purposes under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“Statement 123”). Stock compensation expense for all share based payment awards granted after January 1, 2006, is based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of Statement 123R. The Company recognizes compensation costs for shares that are expected to vest, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term of four years. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, the Company recorded $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of stock compensation expense in its condensed consolidated statement of operations.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(9) Stock-Based Employee Compensation (continued)
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company followed the disclosure-only provisions of Statement 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure—an amendment of Statement 123. The Company measured compensation expense for its stock option awards under the intrinsic value method in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”) and related interpretations. APB 25 required compensation expense to be recognized based on the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the stock at the date of the grant and the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock.
The pro forma table below reflects net income and basic and diluted net income per share for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2005, had the Company determined compensation cost based on the fair value at the grant date for its stock options under Statement 123 (in thousands, except per share data):
| | | Three months Ended, September 30, 2005 | | | Nine months Ended, September 30, 2005 | |
Net income as reported | | $ | 50,997 | | $ | 42,141 | |
Add: Stock-based compensation cost included in reported net income, net of related tax effects | | | 39 | | | 94 | |
Less: Stock-based compensation cost, net of related tax effects | | | (18,731 | ) | | (28,820 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Pro forma net income | | $ | 32,305 | | $ | 13,415 | |
| | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted income per share: | | | | | | | |
As reported | | $ | 0.12 | | $ | 0.10 | |
Pro forma | | $ | 0.08 | | $ | 0.03 | |
On August 9, 2005, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the acceleration of vesting of unvested “underwater” stock options granted prior to August 9, 2005 under the Company’s 1994 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated. The affected options are those with exercise prices greater than $3.03 per share, which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on August 9, 2005. As a result of this action, the vesting of approximately 5.7 million previously unvested stock options was accelerated, and those options are now immediately exercisable. The above pro forma disclosure for the three months ended September 30, 2005, includes $16.7 million due to the accelerated vesting of these stock options. For the nine months ended September 30, 2005 the above pro forma disclosure includes $16.7 million due to the accelerated vesting of stock options discussed above as well as $4.6 million due to the accelerated vesting of stock options, in accordance with the employment agreements, of certain former executives who left the Company during the first quarter.
The fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
Risk-free interest rate | | | 4.6 | % | | 4.1 | % |
Expected volatility | | | 49.4 | % | | 45.0 | % |
Expected life (years) | | | 6.3 | | | 6.5 | |
Expected dividend yield | | | - | | | - | |
The per share weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $1.73. The Company’s volatility estimate for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, was based on the Company’s historical daily volatility from April 1, 2003 (the day after the Company restated its 2002 and prior financial results) as well as the implied volatility of the Company’s exchange traded options. The estimated expected term was determined based on the formula described in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 for estimating the expected term of “plain vanilla” options.
GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED
(9) Stock-Based Employee Compensation (continued)
The following table summarizes information about the Company’s stock option transactions:
| Shares (in thousands) | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) | | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | 33,839 | | | $ 7.32 | | | | | | | |
Granted | 4,736 | | | 3.21 | | | | | | | |
Exercised | (44) | | | 2.80 | | | | | | | |
Cancelled | (9,304) | | | 6.54 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at September 30, 2006 | 29,227 | | | $ 6.88 | | | | 4.1 | | | $ 1,203 |
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2006 | 28,513 | | | $ 6.97 | | | | 4.0 | | | $ 1,134 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2006 | 24,160 | | | $ 7.66 | | | | 3.0 | | | $ 341 |
As of September 30, 2006, $6.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a period, calculated on a weighted average basis, of 3.4 years.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our MD&A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 8, 2006 and all other filings, including current reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K, filed with the SEC after such date and through the date of this report. This MD&A should also be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes that appear elsewhere in this report.
Overview
Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc. (“Gemstar” or the “Company”) is a media, entertainment and technology company that develops, licenses, markets and distributes technologies, products and services targeted at the television guidance and entertainment needs of television viewers worldwide.
The Company’s reportable business segments are organized along three industry lines, in addition to a segment comprising certain corporate functions and related expenses.
Cable and Satellite Segment. Our Cable and Satellite Segment includes the operations of TV Guide Channel, TV Guide Interactive, TVG Network, TV Guide Spot and TV Guide Mobile Entertainment. The Cable and Satellite Segment is our largest segment, generating 50% and 52% of our total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, respectively. The Cable and Satellite Segment generates revenue primarily from advertising and affiliate fees received by TV Guide Channel, licensing revenue received by TV Guide Interactive and wagering and licensing fees received by TVG Network.
TV Guide Channel offers television guidance-related entertainment programming as well as program listings and descriptions. TV Guide Channel offers multiple system operators (“MSOs”) and digital broadcast satellite (“DBS”) providers a customized television network, continuously delivering updated entertainment information that promotes the provider’s networks and services. As of September 30, 2006, the TV Guide Channel was distributed to 79.9 million households as measured by Nielsen Media Research. TV Guide Channel generates approximately 55% of its advertising revenue from national advertising and 45% from infomercials, which run daily from 2:00 AM to 11:00 AM.
TV Guide Interactive licenses technologies and services related to television interactive program guides (“IPGs”), to MSOs and DBS providers primarily in the United States. As of September 30, 2006, 47.0 million domestic cable and satellite subscribers receive either our IPG or another party’s IPG provided under a patent license from us for which we are paid.
TVG Network is a television network that combines live horse racing from many of the premier horse racetracks in the United States and other countries with the convenience of wagering from home via telephone, online (www.tvg.com), interactive set-top box and WAP enabled mobile wagering, from certain states. TVG Network also receives licensing revenue from other advance deposit wagering providers. As of September 30, 2006, TVG Network was distributed to 18.6 million households.
TV Guide Spot features on-demand short-form, originally-produced entertainment programs that guide consumers to the most compelling fare on TV each week. TV Guide Spot is now available to approximately 24.0 million digital cable subscribers. TV Guide Spot is also available to broadband users on TVGuide.com and to TiVo subscribers with stand-alone set-top boxes.
TV Guide Mobile Entertainment is our business unit focused on distributing our content and guidance products on mobile devices, including video enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants.
Publishing Segment. Our Publishing Segment consists of TV Guide magazine, TV Guide Online (www.tvguide.com), and TV Guide Data Solutions. Our Publishing Segment is our second largest segment, generating 31% and 28% of our total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, respectively. Our Publishing Segment generates revenue primarily through subscription and newsstand sales of TV Guide magazine and advertising revenue received by TV Guide magazine and TV Guide Online.
For over 50 years, the TV Guide brand has been the most recognized, widely used and trusted resource in the United States for all aspects of the TV experience. TV Guide magazine plays a critical role in the history and recognition of the TV Guide brand. TV Guide magazine also provides us with unique access to Hollywood and its content is repurposed and used across our other platforms. TV Guide magazine’s editorial staff create and maintain blogs on TVGuide.com and appear on the TV Guide Channel and other media outlets. The reformatted TV Guide magazine, in addition to being more relevant and topical, continues to be an important part of our goal of being the leading provider of video guidance across multiple media platforms.
The reformatted full-sized, full-color, TV Guide magazine’s content is centered on TV-related news, feature stories, TV celebrity photos, behind-the-scenes coverage, reviews and recommendations and national television listings. TV Guide is family-focused and primarily targets women ages 30 to 54. The magazine is published as one national edition, with either an Eastern/Central or a Mountain/Pacific time-zone designation. Total circulation for the three months ended September 30, 2006 averaged 3.3 million copies per week.
TV Guide Online is a TV information and guidance destination that provides consumers with a combination of entertainment news, TV programming, celebrity information, localized channel listings, editorial guidance, community features and search features. Our search engine provides consumers with a uniquely comprehensive experience by fully integrating online video with the breadth and depth of TV Guide’s database of listings, show and episode descriptions, news, reviewers, ratings, user blogs, groups, message boards, photos, TV Guide magazine covers, and other contextual information, as well as video clips from TV Guide Channel, TV Guide Online and certain third party networks. Our entertainment blog community consists of over 60 professional blogs, primarily created and maintained by our TV Guide magazine and TV Guide Online editorial staff. In addition, every registered user can create his or her own blog using TVGuide.com’s simple blogging tools. We also recently added the ability for users to create their own groups and message boards. For the three months ended September 30, 2006, TV Guide Online averaged 3.1 million unique users per month as measured by Neilsen//NetRatings.
TV Guide Data Solutions is a data collection and distribution business that gathers and distributes program listings and channel lineups.
Consumer Electronics (“CE”) Segment. The CE Segment consists of (i) CE IPG Technology for Company developed IPGs incorporated by CE manufacturers under the G-GUIDE brand in Japan, the GUIDE Plus+ brand in Europe and the TV Guide On Screen brand in North America, (ii) CE IPG Patent Licensing to third party guide developers such as CE manufacturers, set-top box manufacturers, interactive television software providers and program listings providers in the online, personal computer and other non-television businesses, and (iii) video recording technology currently marketed under the VCR Plus+ brand in North America and under other brands in Europe and Japan (collectively referred to as “VCR Plus+”). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, the CE Segment generated 19% and 20% of our total revenue, respectively.
CE IPG and VCR Plus+ are primarily incorporated into digital televisions and recording devices. The focus differs by region. Europe still has a strong VCR Plus+ presence derived primarily from the low-end DVD recording segment of the market. In Japan, the market is transitioning from VCR Plus+ to CE IPGs primarily in DVD recording devices with built in hard drives. In North America the CE IPG is primarily incorporated in high-end televisions.
Corporate. The Corporate Segment includes the Company’s corporate management, legal, human resources, corporate finance, business development, product development and information technology functions. The Corporate Segment also contains related costs, such as insurance and certain litigation, as well as costs associated with certain company-wide initiatives and the costs associated with early stage initiatives that have not yet been assigned to a business segment.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain financial information for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Statement of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 148,947 | | $ | 152,476 | | $ | 426,268 | | $ | 474,824 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization | | | 127,646 | | | 151,295 | | | 365,500 | | | 453,931 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 8,420 | | | 7,060 | | | 24,987 | | | 21,029 | |
| | | 136,066 | | | 158,355 | | | 390,487 | | | 474,960 | |
Operating income (loss) | | | 12,881 | | | (5,879 | ) | | 35,781 | | | (136 | ) |
Interest income, net | | | 6,788 | | | 4,164 | | | 18,566 | | | 10,980 | |
Other income (expense), net | | | 86 | | | (354 | ) | | 337 | | | (324 | ) |
Income (expense) from continuing operations before income taxes | | | 19,755 | | | (2,069 | ) | | 54,684 | | | 10,520 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 2,303 | | | (51,149 | ) | | 14,031 | | | (26,883 | ) |
Income from continuing operations | | | 17,452 | | | 49,080 | | | 40,653 | | | 37,403 | |
Discontinued operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from discontinued operations | | | — | | | 1,976 | | | — | | | 5,047 | |
Income tax expense | | | — | | | 59 | | | — | | | 309 | |
Income from discontinued operations | | | — | | | 1,917 | | | — | | | 4,738 | |
Net income | | $ | 17,452 | | $ | 50,997 | | $ | 40,653 | | $ | 42,141 | |
Discussion
For the three months ended September 30, 2006, revenues were $148.9 million, a decrease of $3.5 million, or 2.3%, compared to the same period in 2005. Revenues for our Publishing Segment decreased by $17.9 million. This decrease was partially offset by a $7.5 million increase in revenues for our Cable and Satellite Segment and a $6.9 million increase in revenues for our CE Segment. Segment activities are discussed in greater detail in the “Segment Results of Operations,” elsewhere in this MD&A.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, revenues were $426.3 million, a decrease of $48.6 million, or 10.2%, compared to the same period in 2005. Revenues for our Publishing Segment decreased by $79.7 million. This decrease was partially offset by a $19.5 million and a $11.7 million increase in revenues for our Cable and Satellite Segment and CE Segment, respectively. Segment activities are discussed in greater detail in the “Segment Results of Operations,” elsewhere in this MD&A.
For the three months ended September 30, 2006, operating expenses were $127.6 million, a decrease of $23.6 million, or 15.6%, compared to the same period in 2005. The decrease was largely due to a $22.6 million decrease in production and operating expenses at TV Guide magazine. Additionally, the comparable period in 2005 included $10.6 million of costs for the now discontinued Inside TV magazine, for which there was no comparable expense in 2006. These decreases were partially offset by a $4.2 million increase in Corporate expenses due to an increase in consulting and compensation costs partially offset by a $3.9 million reduction in accrued legal expenses relating to Mr. Yuen (See Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). Segment activities are discussed in greater detail in the “Segment Results of Operations,” elsewhere in the MD&A.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, operating expenses were $365.5 million, a decrease of $88.4 million, or 19.5%, compared to the same period in 2005. The decrease was largely due to a $75.5 million decrease in production and operating expenses at TV Guide magazine. Additionally, the comparable period in 2005 included $23.9 million of costs for the now discontinued Inside TV magazine, for which there was no comparable expense in 2006. These decreases were partially offset by a $6.4 million increase in expenses in our Cable and Satellite segment. The Corporate segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 also included the reversal of $8.9 million in accrued expenses due to the settlement agreement with Ms. Leung and the reversal of $3.9 million in accrued legal expenses discussed above (See Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). These reversals were offset by an increase in Corporate consulting and compensation costs. Segment activities are discussed in greater detail in the “Segment Results of Operations,” elsewhere in the MD&A.
Interest Income, Net
For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, interest income was $6.8 million and $18.6 million, respectively, an increase of $2.6 million and $7.6 million as compared to the same periods in 2005. The increase in interest income is primarily due to higher prevailing interest rates and improved cash management.
Legal and Other Loss Contingencies
A significant amount of management estimation is required in determining when, or if, an accrual should be recorded for a contingent matter and the amount of such accrual, if any. Due to the uncertainty of determining the likelihood of a future event occurring and the potential financial statement impact of such an event, it is possible that upon further development or resolution of a contingent matter, a charge could be recorded in a future period that would be material to our consolidated results of operations and financial position.
Liabilities related to contingent matters as of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 were $23.5 million and $23.1 million, respectively.
Outside legal expenses were $2.4 million and $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively and $13.1 million and $17.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Outside legal expenses for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006 benefited from the reversal of $3.9 million in accrued legal fees relating to Mr. Yuen (See Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). We expect outside legal expenses to continue to be significant for the foreseeable future.
Income Taxes
We have income both from foreign and domestic sources. In the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, including estimating both our actual current tax exposure and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes.
The overall effective tax rate we report in any single period is impacted by, among other things, the country in which earnings or losses arise, applicable statutory tax rates and withholding tax requirements for particular countries, the availability of net operating loss carryforwards and the availability of tax credits for taxes paid in certain jurisdictions. Because of these factors, our current and future tax expense or benefit as a percentage of income or loss before income taxes may vary from period to period.
To the extent that we have deferred tax assets, we must assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from taxable temporary differences, tax strategies or future taxable income and to the extent that we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. In the future, we may adjust our estimates of the amount of valuation allowance needed and such adjustment would impact our provision for income taxes in the period of such change.
The provision for income taxes as a percentage of income from continuing operations before income taxes was 11.7% and 25.7% respectively, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006. The Company’s effective tax rate in 2006 benefited from the conclusion of the Internal Revenue Services ( “IRS”) audit of the Company’s 2002 and 2003 federal income tax returns and the elimination of the deferred tax asset and related valuation allowance for the amounts the Company had previously accrued under the 2002 management restructuring for Ms. Leung (See Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
The Company’s income tax provision for the three months ended September 30, 2005 was primarily impacted by the closure of the IRS audit of the Company’s 2000 and 2001 federal income tax returns. As a result of the closure of the IRS Audit, the Company no longer required a valuation allowance against capital losses because such capital losses could be carried back to prior years. The Company’s income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was primarily impacted by the closure of the IRS audit discussed above and a valuation allowance required for a deferred tax asset arising from the taxable income created by the advance payments received in the multi-year patent and license distribution agreements with EchoStar and Comcast, which were entered into in 2004. While these advances were received during 2004, a substantial portion of these advances became taxable to the Company during 2005.
Segment Results of Operations
The Company’s business segments are organized along three industry lines, in addition to a segment comprising certain corporate functions and related expenses. Intersegment revenues and expenses have been eliminated from segment financial information as transactions between reportable segments are excluded from the measure of segment profit and loss reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. Segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 is presented and reconciled to consolidated income from continuing operations before income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, in Note 8 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Discussion relating to operating expenses for our segments uses the definition of operating expenses included in Note 8 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cable and Satellite Segment
The following table shows the breakdown of revenues in the Cable and Satellite Segment by business unit (in thousands):
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Change | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Change |
| | | 2006 | | 2005 | | Dollars | | Percent | | 2006 | | 2005 | | Dollars | | Percent |
| TV Guide Channel | $ 30,389 | | $ 28,616 | | $ 1,773 | | 6.2% | | $ 97,016 | | $ 93,150 | | $ 3,866 | | 4.2% |
| TV Guide Interactive | 28,931 | | 24,297 | | 4,634 | | 19.1% | | 83,381 | | 71,055 | | 12,326 | | 17.3% |
| TVG Network | 15,711 | | 14,768 | | 943 | | 6.4% | | 40,810 | | 37,721 | | 3,089 | | 8.2% |
| Other | 131 | | 13 | | 118 | | 907.7% | | 251 | | 48 | | 203 | | 422.9% |
| | Total | $ 75,162 | | $ 67,694 | | $ 7,468 | | 11.0% | | $ 221,458 | | $ 201,974 | | $ 19,484 | | 9.6% |
For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, TV Guide Channel advertising revenue increased by $0.9 million and $2.9 million, respectively, compared to the same period in the prior year. These increases were primarily due to improved advertising inventory management and higher rates on national advertising airing between 11:00 AM and 2:00 AM.
TV Guide Channel’s viewership is primarily from analog cable homes, where scroll data is still utilized for guidance. Digital cable and DBS homes have many more channels and generally use an IPG for listing information. While TV Guide Channel’s overall distribution increased by approximately 2.4 million subscribers since September 30, 2005, our distribution in analog homes decreased. As of September 30, 2006 approximately 39% of our total distribution was in analog cable households, down from approximately 45% at September 30, 2005. We believe this trend will continue as more subscribers upgrade from analog cable to digital cable or migrate to DBS and as MSOs migrate the Channel from analog to digital. Despite the decline in analog cable subscribers, we were able to maintain our national household rating at the same level as the third quarter of 2005. This was due to an increase in household length of tune and average minutes viewed, compared to the same period in the prior year. We believe the increase in length of tune is related to our increased investment in programming for the channel. Ultimately, we believe our programming investment will lead to increased viewership from our total distribution - analog cable, digital cable and DBS households.
Affiliate revenues for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, increased by $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Future TV Guide Channel revenue growth will be largely dependent on our ability to grow advertising revenues, as the majority of our affiliates are contracted under long-term agreements with only cost-of-living increases available under certain contracts.
For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, TV Guide Interactive revenues increased by $4.6 million and $12.3 million, respectively, or 19.1% and 17.3% compared to the same periods in the prior year. These increases were primarily due to a $5.0 million and $14.3 million increase in licensing revenue for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Due to the fact that we have previously licensed our IPG technology to most major domestic cable and satellite providers, our future revenue growth will largely depend upon the overall growth in domestic digital cable and satellite subscribers. Our future revenue growth will also benefit from the agreements we entered into with Cox Communications and Charter Communications in the first quarter of this year. In addition, international markets could provide additional growth opportunities.
For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, TVG Network, our interactive cable and satellite television network focused on horseracing, increased revenues by $0.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively, or 6.4% and 8.2%, as compared to the same periods in the prior year. This growth reflects increased wagering volumes for both our wagering operations and the wagering operations of our licensees. Our wagering operations and the wagering operations of our licensees have benefited from our continued growth in household distribution. As of September 30, 2006, TVG Network was available in approximately 18.6 million domestic cable and satellite homes, an increase of 15.8% as compared to September 30, 2005. Additionally, TVG Network is carried on Fox Sports Net in approximately 5.0 million southern California homes for two hours or more, five days a week.
Operating expenses in this segment were $40.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $1.8 million, or 4.7%, from the same period last year. This increase was primarily due to a $2.1 million increase in TV Guide Channel programming and marketing expenses.
Operating expenses in this segment were $126.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $6.0 million, or 4.9%, from the same period last year. This increase was primarily due to a $8.1 million increase in TV Guide Channel programming and marketing expenses.
Additional Cable and Satellite Segment Operating Statistics
| | As of |
Subscriber Data (in thousands) (1) | | Sept. 30, 2006 | | June 30, 2006 | | Sept. 30, 2005 | | June 30, 2005 |
| | | | | | | | |
TV Guide Channel | | 79,911 | | 78,475 | | 77,547 | | 77,496 |
Cable and Satellite Technology Licenses | | 47,044 | | 44,722 | | 38,609 | | 36,895 |
TVG Network | | 18,600 | | 18,500 | | 16,000 | | 15,600 |
(1) Subscriber data represents:
· | Nielsen households for the domestic TV Guide Channel |
· | Cable and Satellite Technology Licenses reported by domestic cable and satellite subscribers that receive either our IPG or another party’s IPG provided under a patent license from us for which we are paid |
· | Households for TVG Network, based primarily on information provided by distributors |
Publishing Segment
The following table shows the breakdown of revenues in the Publishing Segment by business unit for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Change | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Change |
| | | 2006 | | 2005 | | Dollars | | Percent | | 2006 | | 2005 | | Dollars | | Percent |
| TV Guide magazine | $ 43,402 | | $ 59,747 | | $ (16,345) | | (27.4)% | | $ 113,214 | | $ 194,702 | | $ (81,488) | | (41.9)% |
| TV Guide Online | 2,219 | | 2,341 | | (122) | | (5.2)% | | 7,231 | | 5,783 | | 1,448 | | 25.0 % |
| Other | 80 | | 1,469 | | (1,389) | | (94.6)% | | 420 | | 112 | | 308 | | 275.0 % |
| | Total | $ 45,701 | | $ 63,557 | | $ (17,856) | | (28.1)% | | $ 120,865 | | $ 200,597 | | $ (79,732) | | (39.7)% |
The results for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006 are for the full-sized, full-color, TV Guide magazine. During the comparable periods of 2005, we were publishing the magazine in a digest format. It is difficult to make meaningful comparisons between the financial results of the legacy digest and the new full-sized magazine, given the significant differences in the products and their business models. TV Guide magazine maintains a 52 week fiscal year instead of a calendar year, which results in an additional fiscal week every several years. The three months ended September 30, 2006 included this extra fiscal week and therefore results include $2.6 million in revenue for the extra issue.
The reformatted TV Guide magazine is produced with a shorter editorial cycle than its predecessor, the digest format TV Guide. This enables the magazine to be more relevant and topical. We now publish one national edition with either an Eastern/Central or a Mountain/Pacific time-zone designation. By comparison, throughout the comparable period in 2005, we published approximately 140 local editions and offered the digest format TV Guide magazine at a newsstand cover price of $2.49. The newsstand cover price is now $1.99. The reformatted TV Guide is designed to be a publication that can command a higher CPM from advertisers due to its enhanced format, improved circulation mix, and more focused and relevant demographic. The reformatted TV Guide magazine’s advertising rate base, the volume of circulation guaranteed to advertisers, is 3.2 million. The digest format TV Guide was focused on grid listings and had substantially less feature content. While there were more ad pages per copy, the digest format TV Guide appealed to advertisers seeking to reach a very large circulation base and mass audience at low CPMs, as well as to networks for localized black and white tune-in advertising that benefited local affiliates. The rate base was 9 million and included approximately 3.2 million in sponsored copies.
Weekly total circulation for the third quarter of 2006 averaged 3.3 million. Since the October 2005 relaunch, we have eliminated most of our non-contributing sponsored copies. As a result of efforts to manage down the circulation base, subscriber revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, declined by $8.7 million and $30.8 million, respectively, or 23.8% and 28.6%, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Average weekly-paid subscribers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, decreased by 48.6% and 44.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. However, the impact on revenue from the decreases in average weekly-paid subscribers was partially offset by an increase in subscriber revenue per copy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to the same periods in the prior year. On a go-forward basis, our objective is to maintain our current 3.2 million rate base.
Newsstand revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2006 decreased by $0.7 million or 16.0%, compared to the same period in the prior year. This decline was primarily due to a lower average newsstand cover price, partially offset by a 9% increase in weekly copies sold. Also contributing to the decline was $0.6 million in initial placement order (“IPO”) fees associated with acquiring new rack space for the full-sized TV Guide. Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 01-09: Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer requires certain consideration given by a vendor to a customer to be recorded as a reduction in revenue. As a result, TV Guide magazine revenues have been reported net of rack costs, retail display allowances, distribution fees and IPO fees. Newsstand revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, decreased by $9.7 million or 62.9%, compared to the same period in the prior year. This decline was primarily due to the lower average cover price as well as $3.4 million in IPO fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
Advertising revenues, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, decreased by $6.4 million and $39.2 million, respectively, or 35.7% and 57.5%, compared to the same periods in the prior year. A steep decrease in rate base and the reformatting of TV Guide magazine contributed to the anticipated decrease in ad revenue and ad pages. While ad revenues declined, we have been able to significantly increase our CPM’s.
TV Guide magazine incurred approximately $32 million in operating losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. We anticipate incurring operating losses in conjunction with TV Guide magazine of approximately $17 million for the remainder of 2006. Included in these losses are IPO fees and additional consumer marketing and promotion costs. We anticipate incurring operating losses of approximately $30 million to $35 million in 2007 and continuing, but declining, losses for approximately the next three years thereafter.
TV Guide Online derives revenues primarily from advertising. For the three months ended September 30, 2006, average monthly unique users increased by 29% and advertising revenues decreased by $0.1 million, as compared to the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, TV Guide Online advertising revenues increased by $1.4 million or 24.5% compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was due to increases in program and conventional advertising and was primarily attributable to increased CPMs.
Operating expenses in this segment were $54.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, a decrease of $32.3 million from the same period last year. This decrease was primarily due to a $20.0 million decrease in TV Guide magazine production costs, primarily due to a decrease in printed copies, and a $2.6 million decrease in TV Guide magazine operating costs associated with the reformatted TV Guide magazine. The decrease is also due to the three months ended September 30, 2005 including $10.6 million in expenses for the now discontinued Inside TV magazine, for which there was no comparable expense in 2006.
Operating expenses in this segment were $154.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, a decrease of $97.0 million from the same period last year. This decrease was primarily due to a $58.0 million decrease in TV Guide magazine production costs, primarily due to a decrease in printed copies, and a $17.5 million decrease in TV Guide magazine operating costs associated with the reformatted TV Guide magazine. The decrease is also due to the nine months ended September 30, 2005 including $23.9 million in expenses for the now discontinued Inside TV magazine, for which there was no comparable expense in 2006.
Additional Publishing Segment Operating Statistics
| Sept. 30, | | June 30, | | | Sept. 30, | | June 30, |
| 2006 | | 2006 | | | 2005 (3) | | 2005 (3) |
| (in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | |
TV Guide magazine circulation (1) | | | | | | | | |
Newsstand (2) | 316 | | 293 | | | 290 | | 319 |
Subscriptions | 2,893 | | 3,067 | | | 5,630 | | 5,940 |
Sponsored / Other | 90 | | 42 | | | 3,240 | | 2,868 |
Total circulation | 3,299 | | 3,402 | | | 9,160 | | 9,127 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | Average weekly paid circulation for the three months ended. |
(1) | Current period numbers include an estimate for returns. Prior period numbers are updated to reflect actual returns. |
(3) | Results are for the digest format TV Guide magazine. |
Consumer Electronics Segment
The following table shows the breakdown of revenues in the CE Segment by product (in thousands):
| | | Three months ended September 30, | | Change | | Nine months ended September 30, | | Change |
| | | 2006 | | 2005 | | Dollars | | Percent | | 2006 | | 2005 | | Dollars | | Percent |
| IPG Patent Licensing | $ 11,372 | | $ 4,874 | | $ 6,498 | | 133.3 % | | $ 29,058 | | $ 18,777 | | $ 10,281 | | 54.8 % |
| IPG Technology | 6,265 | | 4,746 | | 1,519 | | 32.0 % | | 19,787 | | 12,970 | | 6,817 | | 52.6 % |
| VCR Plus + | 9,157 | | 9,758 | | (601 | ) | (6.2)% | | 31,068 | | 33,137 | | (2,069 | ) | (6.2)% |
| Other | 1,290 | | 1,847 | | (557 | ) | (30.2)% | | 4,032 | | 7,369 | | (3,337 | ) | (45.3)% |
| | Total | $ 28,084 | | $ 21,225 | | $ 6,859 | | 32.3 % | | $ 83,945 | | $ 72,253 | | $ 11,692 | | 16.2 % |
Our CE IPG Patent Licensing business includes IPG patent licenses with third parties other than cable and satellite providers. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, revenues increased by $6.5 million and $10.3 million, respectively, or 133.3% and 54.8% when compared to the same periods in the prior year. These increases were primarily due to (i) the signing of a new patent license agreement with Yahoo! Inc. in the third quarter of 2006, (ii) an allocation of revenues related to a multi-product agreement signed earlier this year, which, subject to certain limitations, granted a CE manufacturer a license to incorporate our products and technologies into an unlimited number of CE devices over a fixed period of time, and (iii) revenue from IPG deployments by Scientific Atlanta, Inc. Revenue from IPG patent licenses also includes the continued amortization of up-front payments received under long-term patent licenses; $4.3 million for each of the quarters ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, and $12.8 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005.
Our CE IPG Technology business includes our IPG’s incorporated by CE manufacturers under the GUIDE Plus+ brand in Europe, the G-GUIDE brand in Japan, and the TV Guide On Screen brand in North America and CE IPG advertising revenue. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, total revenues from our CE IPG Technology business increased by $1.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively. These increases were primarily due to greater incorporations of our IPG Technology in CE products, offset by a decrease in CE IPG advertising revenue. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, revenues from incorporations increased by $2.2 million and $7.4 million, respectively, or 55.2% and 64.8% when compared to the same periods in the prior year. Also contributing to this increase was $1.2 million in revenue for units shipped prior to the second quarter of 2006, but reported to us in the current quarter. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, CE IPG advertising decreased by $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year.
For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2006, VCR Plus+ revenues decreased by $0.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively, or 6.2% compared to the same periods in 2005. These decreases are primarily due to a decline in reported units shipped by CE manufacturers that incorporate VCR Plus+ and from not recognizing revenue in the third quarter of 2006 from two CE manufacturers whose contracts have expired. Although these manufacturers continued to ship units, they have neither provided us with units shipped reports nor remitted payment. We anticipate entering into new agreements with these two manufacturers in the first half of 2007. It is also anticipated that the units shipped, but not yet reported to us will be included in these agreements. Partially offsetting these decreases is $1.9 million in revenue from two manufacturers for units shipped prior to the second quarter of 2006, but reported to us in the current quarter.
We believe that demand from consumers for more advanced guidance and recording capabilities will continue to grow as the cost of CE devices incorporating these technologies decreases. We believe this demand will increase our CE IPG Technology and CE IPG Patent Licensing revenues, and more than offset the decrease in VCR Plus + revenues.
For the three months ended September 30, 2006, operating expenses in this segment were $14.9 million, an increase of $2.3 million, or 18.4%, when compared to the same period in 2005. This increase is primarily due to a $1.9 million increase in litigation costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, operating expenses in this segment were $40.7 million, an increase of $0.7 million, or 1.6% when compared to the same period in 2005.
Corporate Segment
For the three months ended September 30, 2006, corporate expenses were $16.8 million an increase of $3.9 million compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in consulting and compensation costs related to our product development and technology groups and our strategic initiatives, including the implementation of Oracle in the fourth quarter as our centralized financial system. These increases were offset by a $3.9 million reduction in accrued legal expenses relating to Mr. Yuen (See Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, corporate expenses were $43.2 million, an increase of $0.6 million compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in consulting and compensation costs offset by the reversal of $8.9 million in accrued expenses due to the settlement agreement with Ms. Leung and the reversal of $3.9 million in accrued legal expenses discussed above (See Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2006, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were $524.1 million. In addition, we had restricted cash of $31.6 million maintained in segregated, interest-bearing accounts. Of this amount, $30.7 million relates to the November 2002 management and corporate restructuring (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $68.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to cash used of $68.0 million for the same period last year. The increase was primarily due to the receipt of $44.6 million in net income tax refunds and the release of $8.4 million in restricted cash (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 versus $52.5 million in income tax payments in the first nine months of 2005.
TV Guide magazine incurred approximately $32 million in operating losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. We anticipate incurring operating losses in conjunction with TV Guide magazine of approximately $17 million for the remainder of 2006. Included in these losses are IPO fees and additional consumer marketing and promotion costs. We anticipate incurring operating losses of approximately $30 million to $35 million in 2007 and continuing, but declining, losses for approximately the next three years thereafter.
Net cash flows used in investing activities were $65.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to $12.1 million used in the same period last year. The increase is primarily due to a $47.2 million increase in net marketable securities purchases.
Net cash flows used in financing activities were $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to cash provided of $5.3 million for the same period last year. The decrease in cash provided from financing activities is primarily due to a $5.5 million decrease in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
We continue to pursue various strategic initiatives to better position ourselves as the leading consumer brand for video guidance across multiple platforms. We anticipate that these initiatives will result in additional capital and operating expenditures. In addition, we will evaluate business opportunities and consider investments that will enhance shareholder value. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we made capital expenditures of $15.8 million. For the remainder of 2006 we plan to make capital expenditures of approximately $17 million to $20 million. This spending primarily relates to enhancing our data infrastructure, building a digital content infrastructure, increasing production infrastructure for TV Guide Channel and upgrading our systems and information technology infrastructure, including implementing Oracle as our centralized financial system. In addition to these capital expenditures, we anticipate operating expenses associated with these initiatives, and for additional research and development activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we incurred approximately $12.1 million of these operating expenses and expect to incur an additional $4 million to $6 million, for the remainder of 2006. As with our business development and product development and technology groups’ costs, to the extent that these costs support company-wide initiatives or to the extent that they represent preliminary spending related to initiatives that have not been assigned to business segments, these costs are included in operating expenses in our Corporate Segment.
We receive nonrefundable prepaid license fees from certain licensees. Prepaid subscriptions and license fees are included in deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2006, current and long-term deferred revenue totaled $513.7 million. Our liability for prepaid magazine subscriptions is limited to the unearned payments in the event customers cancel their subscriptions. Our liability for other payments is limited to a refund of unearned payments in the event that we are unable to provide service. No material refunds have been paid to date. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we reduced our balance sheet deferred revenue by $51.5 million, including $14.5 million related to the reduction in TV Guide magazine’s circulation base. We anticipate reducing our balance sheet deferred revenues by approximately $18 million during the remainder of 2006, primarily from the recognition of deferred revenue.
The IRS has notified the Company that it intends to audit the Company’s 2004 U.S federal tax return. In addition, certain state income tax returns for tax years 1999 through 2004 are currently under audit. The result of these and future examinations may result in the recognition of significant amounts of income or significant cash outlays in future periods. We believe that adequate reserves have been made for any adjustment that might be assessed for open years.
We do not engage in any off-balance sheet financing arrangements. In particular, we do not have any interest in so-called limited purpose entities, which include special purpose entities and structured finance entities.
Based on past performance and future expectations, we believe existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances will be sufficient to satisfy our expected working capital and capital expenditure requirements in the foreseeable future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
This MD&A is based on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions in applying certain critical accounting policies. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to our consolidated financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimates could differ markedly from our current expectations.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur could materially change the financial statements. Management believes there have been no significant changes during the nine month period ended September 30, 2006 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in the MD&A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Cautionary Statement for Purposes of the “Safe Harbor” Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
Our MD&A section and other portions of this Form 10-Q contain various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which represent the Company’s expectations or beliefs concerning future events. Statements containing expressions such as “may,” “will,” “continues,” “believes,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “plans” or “expects” used in the Company’s periodic reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K filed with the SEC are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The Company cautions that these and similar statements included in this report and in previously filed periodic reports including reports filed on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K are further qualified by important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those referred to below in “Certain Risks Affecting Business, Operating Results and Financial Condition” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Such statements reflect the current views of the Company or its management with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions including, but not limited to those discussed below. Such factors, together with the other information in this Form 10-Q, should be considered carefully in evaluating an investment in the Company’s common stock. The cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that the Company or persons acting on the Company’s behalf may issue. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report.
CERTAIN RISKS AFFECTING BUSINESS,
OPERATING RESULTS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
This section highlights some specific risks affecting our business, operating results and financial condition. The list of risks is not intended to be exhaustive and the order in which the risks appear is not intended as an indication of their relative weight or importance.
We face risks arising from the transformation of our TV Guide magazine publishing business.
Prior to the re-launch of TV Guide magazine in a full-sized, full-color format in October 2005, the operating results of our magazine publishing business had deteriorated over a period of several years due to significant declines in the digest format TV Guide magazine’s newsstand sales, contribution per copy, and advertising revenue. Prior to the re-launch, we sought to reverse such declines through a variety of different initiatives, including editorial changes and aggressive promotional offerings. However, those efforts were unsuccessful. Consequently, during the fourth quarter of 2005 we transformed our TV Guide magazine from a digest-sized, listings oriented format to a more contemporary full-sized, full-color magazine, filled with more features and photos and targeted at a younger demographic. However, several other widely circulated magazines and other media outlets seek to appeal to this market segment and there can be no assurance that the transformed magazine will appeal to or be accepted by this market segment or the advertisers who seek to reach it. A business initiative of this scale is inherently risky and there can be no assurance that our assumptions are valid or that our circulation and advertising goals can be achieved. Additionally, the ongoing costs associated with the transformation of the magazine are substantial, and should this effort ultimately prove unsuccessful, the cost of pursuing other alternatives will be significant. We cannot assure that the transformed magazine or our magazine publishing business will achieve profitability.
We face risks arising from our TV Guide Channel strategy.
Revenues at TV Guide Channel consist of affiliate fees and advertising revenues; however, since the majority of our affiliates are contracted under long-term agreements with only cost-of-living increases available under certain contracts; we do not expect significant growth in affiliate revenues in the future. Accordingly, the results at TV Guide Channel are highly dependent upon advertising revenue. Advertising revenue at the TV Guide Channel is primarily dependent on the extent of distribution of the network, viewership ratings, such as those published by Nielsen, and continuing advertising strength in the marketplace. While TV Guide Channel has benefited, to a certain degree, from the expanded distribution that we have achieved, a significant portion of the expanded distribution has been to DBS subscribers, who did not previously have TV Guide Channel as a programming choice. Digital cable and DBS homes also have many more channels and generally use an IPG for listing information. As such, the viewership of TV Guide Channel in digital cable and DBS homes has been minimal to date. We have been investing in new programming and marketing initiatives at the TV Guide Channel with an expectation that the additional investments that we are making in programming and marketing will, in the future, result in increased viewership in both cable and DBS homes. If our viewership ratings do not improve sufficiently or we are unable to maintain broad distribution of the TV Guide Channel, our increased programming and marketing costs could have a material adverse effect on our Cable and Satellite Segment results of operations. Also, certain of the long-term agreements with MSOs for the TV Guide Channel allow for the migration to exclusively digital carriage. If the MSO elects to migrate TV Guide Channel earlier than we currently expect, the Company will experience a significant reduction of TV Guide Channel subscribers resulting in reduced affiliate fee revenue and potentially reduced advertising revenue. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in implementing our programming and marketing initiatives, or that such initiatives will result in increased viewership ratings and advertising revenues for TV Guide Channel or that any initial increase in viewership ratings will be sustainable over time.
The market for interactive program guides may not expand rapidly.
The market for IPGs is rapidly evolving and is increasingly competitive. Demand and market acceptance for IPGs are subject to uncertainty and risk. We cannot predict whether, or how fast, this market will grow, how long it can be sustained, or how it may expand or change. For our CE IPGs, the deployment rate depends on the strength or weakness of the consumer electronics industry, and in particular, the sale of television sets, DVD recorders and DVRs. Purchases of CE products and digital cable and DBS subscriptions are largely discretionary and may be affected by general economic trends in the countries or regions in which these products or subscriptions are offered. The incorporation of our CE IPG technology in high end television sets in North America has, in part been, linked to the cable card, or POD (Point Of Deployment) feature, which allows television sets to receive cable signals without a set-top box. The cable card feature has had a slow take-up rate in the market, and to the extent that television manufacturers start to view the cable card as being a less essential feature, the incorporation of our guide product in those televisions may decrease.
For TV Guide Interactive, which is deployed primarily through domestic digital set-top boxes, due to the fact that we have licensed our IPG technology to most major domestic cable and satellite providers, our future revenue growth will largely depend upon the overall growth in domestic digital cable and satellite subscribers. If the market for our IPGs, and those of our licensees, develops slowly or becomes saturated with competitors, our operating results could be adversely impacted.
The market for IPG advertising may not develop.
Our ability to provide IPG advertising is at the discretion of the MSO and DBS providers who have entered into license agreements to deploy their own IPG or a third party IPG. Our ability to increase the revenues that we derive from the sale of advertising on IPGs distributed by our cable and satellite licensees will depend on the implementation of IPG advertising by such licensees, as well as on increased acceptance of IPG advertising by consumers and advertisers. The market for IPG advertising is at an early stage of development and we cannot assure you that we will succeed in our efforts to develop IPG advertising as a widely accepted advertising medium. The MSO that provided us with the majority of our advertising carriage in 2005 is no longer carrying IPG advertising on the majority of its systems.
Our business may be adversely affected by fluctuations in demand for consumer electronics devices incorporating our technologies.
We derive significant revenues from manufacturer license fees for our VCR Plus+ and CE IPG technologies based on the number of units shipped. We do not manufacture hardware, but rather depend on the cooperation of CE manufacturers to incorporate our technology into their products. Generally, our license agreements do not require manufacturers to include our technology in any specific number or percentage of units, and only a few of these agreements guarantee a minimum aggregate licensing fee. Demand for new CE devices, including television sets, integrated satellite receiver decoders, DVRs, DVD recorders, personal computers and Internet appliances, may be adversely impacted by increasing market saturation, durability of products in the marketplace, new competing products and alternate consumer entertainment options. As a result, our future operating results may be adversely impacted by fluctuations in sales of CE devices employing our technologies.
VCR Plus+ revenues have declined over time and may decline further.
The worldwide shipment of VCRs has declined, and is expected to continue to decline as VCRs are replaced by digital recording devices such as DVD recorders and DVRs. Although VCR Plus+ is now being incorporated into some lower price point digital recording devices, there is no assurance that this practice will become widespread or continue. Furthermore, in order to encourage the incorporation of our IPG in CE products, we are offering certain large CE manufacturers the opportunity to bundle both our IPG and VCR Plus+ technology at a significant discount beginning with sales reported in fiscal 2005. While we believe this will ultimately accelerate the incorporation of our IPG to our benefit, there can be no assurance that this will be the case. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to renew our existing VCR Plus+ agreements as they expire, upon terms as favorable to us as those contained in prior contracts, or at all.
We face competition in many areas and the competition could negatively impact our operating results.
We face competition from a wide range of other companies in the communications, advertising, media, entertainment, publishing, information, Internet services, software and technology fields. The competitive environment could, among other results, require price reductions for our products and services, require increased spending on marketing and development, limit our ability to develop new products and services, limit our ability to acquire rights to produce and/or display content that is popular among our targeted audience, limit our ability to expand our customer base or even result in attrition in our customer base. Any of these occurrences could negatively impact our operating results. Many of our competitors have greater financial and human resources than we do. As a result, these competitors can compete more effectively by offering customers better pricing and other more favorable terms and conditions. Our IPGs face competition from companies that produce and market program guides as well as television schedule information in a variety of formats, both print and electronic. Several products and services on the market offer simplified VCR programming functions that compete with our VCR Plus+ system. TV Guide magazine competes with general entertainment and other magazines at newsstand and for subscribers. The TV Guide Channel competes with general entertainment channels for television viewership and carriage on cable and DBS systems. TV Guide Online competes with general entertainment Web sites for visitors and will compete with established online search providers. Each of TV Guide magazine, TV Guide Channel and TV Guide Online vie for marketers’ advertising spend with other media outlets. TVG Network competes for viewers with other television networks, one of which is under common ownership with several racetracks and accepts wagers from residents of more states than TVG Network accepts. In addition, TVG Network competes for wagering and telecast rights with other networks and account wagering providers. TVG Network’s contracts for account wagering and telecast rights with racetracks have varying maturities and renewal terms. TVG Network could be unable to renew its current contracts when they expire or the renewal terms could be less favorable then the current terms, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s TVG Network business. In addition, TVG Network and its licensees compete for wagering revenue with other account wagering operations and industry participants.
New products and services, rapid technological change and changes in consumer demand may adversely affect our operations.
The emergence of new consumer entertainment products, services and technologies, changes in consumer preferences and other factors may limit the life cycle of our products, services and technologies and any future products, services or technologies we might develop. Although we believe that we will continue to develop attractive new products and services, the industries in which we operate are characterized by rapid changes, including technological changes and changes in consumer demand. Our future operations could be adversely impacted by our ability to identify emerging trends in our markets and to develop and market new products and services that respond to competitive offerings, technological changes and changing consumer preferences in a timely manner and at competitive costs.
Our investments in developing new products and services and improving existing products and services may not be effective.
We have recently established a new product group to enhance the Company’s product development efforts. The process of developing and marketing new products and services is inherently complex and uncertain, and there are a number of risks, including the following:
| • | we cannot assure you that the level of funding and significant resources we are committing for investments in new products, services, technologies and initiatives will be sufficient or result in successful new products, services or technologies; |
| • | we cannot assure you that we can anticipate successfully the new products, services and technologies which will gain the market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenues; |
| • | we cannot assure you that our newly developed products, services or technologies can be successfully protected as proprietary intellectual property rights or will not infringe the intellectual property rights of others; and |
| • | our products, services and technologies may become obsolete due to rapid advancements in technology and changes in consumer preferences. |
Furthermore, we have made significant investments in the development of new products, services and technologies, such as our initiatives to transform TV Guide magazine, enhance TV Guide Channel’s programming, enhance TV Guide Online, launch and grow TV Guide Spot, create TV Guide Mobile and other digital media initiatives, and increase and enhance the functionality of our interactive products, but the success of such products, services and technologies is largely dependent on factors such as market acceptance. Furthermore, the success of TV Guide Channel, TV Guide Spot and TV Guide Mobile will depend, in part, upon our ability to enter into and maintain agreements with third parties to distribute these services to consumers. Our failure to anticipate adequately changes in the industries in which we operate and the markets we serve, and to develop attractive new products and services, including any of the risks described above, may reduce our future growth and profitability and may adversely affect our business results and financial condition.
We have made and expect to make significant investments in infrastructure which, if ineffective, may adversely affect our business results and financial condition.
We have made and expect to make significant investments in infrastructure, tools, systems, technologies and content, including initiatives relating to digital asset and rights management and data warehouses, aimed to create, assist in the development or operation of, or enhance our ability to deliver, innovative guidance products and services across multiple media, digital and emerging platforms. These investments may ultimately cost more than is anticipated, their implementation may take longer than expected and they may not meaningfully contribute to or result in successful new or enhanced products, services or technologies.
We are also investing in integrated financial, contract management and reporting systems, aimed to support our current and future businesses, as well as to enhance our operational and corporate infrastructure. These additional infrastructure investments may ultimately cost more than is anticipated, their implementation may take longer than we expect or they may otherwise fail to meet our needs and expectations.
Any infringement by us or some of our licensees on patent rights of others could affect the development of our products and services or result in litigation.
Patents of third parties may have an important bearing on our ability to offer some of our products and services. Many of our competitors as well as other companies and individuals have obtained, and may be expected to obtain in the future, patents that concern products or services related to the types of products and services we plan to offer. We may not be aware of all patents containing claims that may pose a risk of infringement by our products and services. In addition, in the United States, patent applications are generally confidential for a period of 18 months from the filing date, or until a patent is issued in some cases, so we cannot evaluate the extent to which our products and services may be covered or asserted to be covered by claims contained in pending patent applications prior to their publication. If one or more of our products or services is found to infringe patents held by others, we may be required to stop developing or marketing the products or services, to obtain licenses to develop and market the products or services from the holders of the patents or to redesign the products or services in such a way as to avoid infringing the patent claims. We cannot assess the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to patents held by others and whether the licenses would be available or, if available, whether we would be able to obtain the licenses on commercially reasonable terms. If we were unable to obtain the licenses, we might not be able to redesign our products or services to avoid infringement. Furthermore, we provide indemnification protection to some of our CE IPG licensees and to some of our MSO and DBS provider licensees under which we may be obligated to indemnify those licensees and hold them harmless from some claims, including claims that our or their products or services infringe other parties’ patents. The Company’s indemnification obligations are typically limited to the cumulative amount paid to the Company by the licensee under the license agreement; however, other license agreements, including those with our largest MSO and DBS providers, do not specify a limit on amounts that may be payable under the indemnity arrangements. Certain of the Company’s large MSO and DBS licensees have received notices of pending or threatened patent claims from Finisar (see Notes 3 and 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). Furthermore, the costs of investigating, defending or remedying alleged infringement and/or related indemnification claims could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Some terms of our agreements with licensees could be interpreted in a manner that could adversely affect licensing revenue payable to us under those agreements.
Some of our agreements with CE manufacturers, cable and satellite service providers and other licensees contain “most favored nation” clauses. These clauses typically provide that if we enter into an agreement with another licensee on more favorable terms, we must offer some of those terms to our existing licensee. We have entered into a number of license agreements with terms that differ in some respects from those contained in other agreements. These agreements may obligate us to provide different terms to licensees, which could, if applied, result in lower revenues or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. While we believe that we have appropriately accounted for the most favored nation terms included in our license agreements, these contracts are complex and other parties could reach a different conclusion that, if correct, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Dependence on the cooperation of MSOs and DBS providers, television broadcasters, hardware manufacturers, publications, data providers and delivery mechanisms could adversely affect our revenues.
We rely on third party providers to deliver our CE IPG data to CE devices that include our CE IPG. Further, our national data network provides customized and localized listings to our IPG service for MSOs and DBS providers and licensees of our data used in third party IPGs for MSOs and DBS providers. There can be no assurance that these delivery mechanisms will distribute the data without error or that the agreements that govern some of these relationships can be maintained on favorable economic terms.
To deliver our CE IPG data to CE devices, we have arrangements to carry our data in a part of the television signal called the vertical blanking interval (“VBI”) or its digital signal equivalent, of television stations included in the public broadcasting network, independently owned stations, and stations owned and operated by various station group owners. Our contract related to the public broadcasting network stations covers substantially all of the territory required to be covered to effectively transmit our data for delivery to CE devices incorporating our CE IPGs in the United States. We nevertheless continue to rely on arrangements, which are not long-term, with station group owners and operators and independently owned stations for VBI carriage of our IPG data. We cannot assure you that our carriage arrangements with station group owners and operators and independently owned stations will continue. Our data broadcast through the VBI can be, and has been in the past in some markets, deleted or modified by some of the local service providers. Widespread deletion or modification of this data by service providers could have a material adverse impact on our CE IPG business. To mitigate this risk, we have entered into agreements with many service providers to ensure that our CE IPG data will not be deleted or modified by such systems.
Generally, we deliver our data to our IPG service for MSOs and DBS providers and to licensees of our data used in third party IPGs for MSOs and DBS providers via satellite transmission. Currently, we rely on a single third party who provides us with satellite capacity to transmit our data to our IPG service for MSOs and DBS providers and to licensees of our data used in third party IPGs for MSOs and DBS providers. Our arrangement with the third party provider may be terminated on little or no notice. In the event that such provider elects not to transmit our data, our business, operating results and financial condition could be significantly affected. To mitigate this risk, we have built in certain redundancies in our data delivery operation to allow for transmission of our data via an alternative satellite and via the Internet. However, in the event that this provider of satellite capacity elects not to provide this capacity to transmit our data, there can be no assurance that all of our customers who currently receive our data via this provider will be able to receive our data via alternative means without significant delay or additional cost to us.
Furthermore, in order for consumer electronics devices that incorporate our CE IPGs to receive our data, such data must also be able to pass through any receivers through which such devices are receiving television programming signals. We do not currently deliver our CE IPG data over satellite networks. Even if our CE IPG data is passed to cable subscribers through cable networks by the service providers, there is a risk that the cable set-top boxes deployed by such subscribers can impede the passage of our CE IPG data. Additionally, cable companies are progressively moving their systems from an analog format to a digital format, which poses certain problems to our data carriage. Solving such problems will require the cooperation of third parties such as the MSOs and DBS providers, television broadcasters and hardware manufacturers, and may also require additional investment by the Company. Widespread impedance of our CE IPG data could have a material adverse impact on our CE IPG business.
In addition, we purchase some of our program guide information from commercial vendors. The quality, accuracy and timeliness of that data may not continue to meet our standards or be acceptable to consumers. Our VCR Plus+ system relies on consumer access to PlusCode numbers through licensed publications. We depend on the maintenance and renewal of agreements governing the PlusCode publications to ensure the distribution of the PlusCodes.
Interruption or failure of communications and transmission systems and mechanisms could impair our abilities to effectively provide our products and services, which could affect our revenues.
The provision of certain of our products and services depends on the continuing operation of communications and transmission systems and mechanisms, including satellite, cable, wire, over the air broadcast communications and transmission systems and mechanisms. These communication and transmission systems and mechanisms are subject to significant risks and any damage to or failure of these systems and mechanisms could result in an interruption of the provision of our products and services. Interruptions in the provision of our products and services could adversely affect our revenues, and our brand could be damaged if people believe our products and services are unreliable. The communications and transmission systems and mechanisms that we depend on are vulnerable to damage or interruption from telecommunications and satellite failures, natural disasters, terrorists attacks, power loss, computer viruses and similar events. The communications and transmission systems and mechanisms that we depend on are not fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities.
Limitations on control of joint ventures.
The Company holds its interests in certain businesses, including Guideworks and Interactive Program Guide, Inc., as a joint venture or in partnership with nonaffiliated third parties. As a result of such arrangements, the Company may be unable to control the operations, strategies and financial decisions of such joint venture or partnership entities which could in turn result in limitations on the Company's ability to implement strategies that the Company may favor, or to cause dividends or distributions to be paid. In addition, the Company's ability to transfer its interests in businesses owned with third parties is limited under certain joint venture, partnership or similar agreements.
Seasonality and variability of consumer electronics product shipments and advertising sales may affect our revenues and results of operations on a quarterly or annual basis.
Shipments of CE products tend to be higher in the second and fourth calendar quarters. We recognize revenues associated with our technology incorporated in these CE products when the shipments are reported to us, which is normally the quarter immediately following that of actual shipment by the licensee. In addition, manufacturer shipments vary from quarter to quarter depending on a number of factors, including retail inventory levels and retail promotional activities. General advertising also tends to be higher in the fourth quarter. As a result, we may experience variability in our licensing and advertising revenues.
Paper and postal price increases can materially raise our costs associated with the production and delivery of TV Guide magazine.
The price of paper can be a significant factor affecting TV Guide magazine’s operating performance. We do not hedge against increases in paper costs. Paper prices may increase and if we cannot pass these costs on to our customers, the increases may have a material adverse effect on us. Postage for product distribution, billings, renewals, and direct mail solicitations is also a significant, uncontrollable expense to us.
Digital recapture could adversely affect carriage of our analog products and services.
Cable television is transmitted on a limited frequency spectrum that must be allocated between multiple analog and digital channels. As digital penetration increases, MSOs are reclaiming analog bandwidth to launch more digital networks and interactive television services, and are likely to continue this recapture until they rebuild their plants to increase bandwidth or there is stability in the mix of analog and digital carriage. If this trend continues, digital recapture may result in a significant decline in the distribution of our analog TV Guide Channel, which could negatively impact our operating results.
The gaming activities of TVG Network are extensively regulated.
TVG Network derives a substantial portion of its revenue from pari-mutuel wagering, which is subject to extensive statutory and regulatory oversight. Additionally, TVG Network's Internet-based horse race wagering operations are heavily regulated. Adverse changes in the political climate, new legislation or regulatory activity could harm our business. From time to time, the California Horse Racing Board has considered various proposals that, if enacted, would detrimentally impact the revenue that TVG derives from the California market or otherwise adversely impact TVG’s business model. From time to time, members of Congress and state legislatures have introduced bills that would prohibit or severely restrict off-track interstate pari-mutuel or Internet-based wagering. If any such legislation were enacted into law, TVG’s advanced deposit wagering business could be adversely affected. Congress recently passed legislation which prohibits the use of various electronic payment methods and systems in connection with illegal Internet-based wagering activities. While this recently enacted legislation continues to provide an exemption for advanced deposit wagering on horse racing as conducted by TVG, there is a risk that further legislation or regulations could be enacted or promulgated that could adversely affect the business, operations or prospects of our TVG business. Furthermore, there is a risk that new legislation or regulatory activity that would prohibit Internet-based wagering will be pursued in order to rectify possible nonconformity by the United States with the General Agreement on Trade in Services treaty as determined by an appellate body of the World Trade Organization. In addition, from time to time, payment systems have, on behalf of their member financial institutions, taken actions to limit the use of credit cards and debit cards for non face-to-face gaming transactions as a means of combating illegal Internet-based gambling operations. Although such efforts to restrict payment mechanisms may not be targeted at the lawful activity of licensed operations such as TVG Network, the resulting inconvenience to our customers caused by such measures could harm our business or growth prospects. The adoption of any laws, rules or regulations that further limit the ability of TVG to conduct interstate pari-mutuel wagering could have a material adverse effect on our TVG business.
Continued consolidation of the cable and satellite broadcasting industry could adversely affect existing agreements; the impact of these changes is not clear.
We have entered into agreements with a large number of cable MSOs and DBS providers for the licensing or distribution of our technology, products and services. If, as expected, consolidation of the cable and satellite broadcasting industry continues, some of these agreements may be affected by mergers, acquisitions or system swaps. We cannot assure you that any measures that we have taken to protect us against any negative consequences resulting from those transactions will be effective. Also, a service provider that files a bankruptcy petition or otherwise restructures or liquidates could avoid its future obligations and discharge its past payment obligations under the agreement in some circumstances. Any such events could have a material adverse effect on the amount of revenue we receive under these agreements.
Unfavorable outcomes in legal proceedings may adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our results may be affected by the outcome of pending and future litigation and the protection and validity of our patents and other intellectual property rights. Our patents and other intellectual property rights are important competitive tools and many generate income under license agreements. We cannot assure you that our intellectual property rights will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented in the United States or abroad. Unfavorable rulings in our legal proceedings, including those described in footnote 3, “Litigation and Other Contingencies,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, may have a negative impact on us that may be greater or smaller depending on the nature of the rulings. In addition, we are currently, and from time to time in the future may be, subject to various other claims, investigations, legal and administrative cases and proceedings (whether civil or criminal) or lawsuits by governmental agencies or private parties. If the results of these investigations, proceedings or suits are unfavorable to us or if we are unable to successfully defend against third party lawsuits, we may be required to pay monetary damages or may be subject to fines, penalties, injunctions or other censure that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Even if we adequately address the issues raised by an investigation or proceeding or successfully defend a third-party lawsuit or counterclaim, we may have to devote significant financial and management resources to address these issues, which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
Government regulations may adversely affect our business.
The satellite transmission, cable and telecommunications industries are subject to pervasive federal regulation, including FCC licensing and other requirements. These industries are also often subject to extensive regulation by local and state authorities. While these regulations do not apply directly to us, they affect cable television providers and other multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”), which are the primary customers for certain of our products and services. In March 2005, the FCC extended to July 1, 2007 a deadline under which MVPDs (except DBS providers) must phase-out consumer electronic navigation devices (e.g., set-top boxes) with combined security and non-security functions. The FCC has indicated that it may eliminate this separation requirement altogether if the cable and consumer electronics industries successfully negotiate a bi-directional “plug-and-play” agreement, which would allow interactive services to be provided on digital televisions without the need for a set-top box. A plug and play agreement could affect demand for IPGs incorporated into set-top boxes or consumer electronics devices, such as TV Guide Interactive and our CE IPGs. Future developments relating to any of these or other regulatory matters may adversely affect our business.
Our stock price has been volatile.
The market price of our common stock has historically been volatile. It is likely that the market price of our common stock will continue to be subject to significant fluctuations. We believe that future announcements concerning us, our competitors or our principal customers, including technological innovations, new product and service introductions, governmental regulations, litigation or changes in earnings estimated by us or analysts may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially in the future. Sales of substantial amounts of outstanding common stock in the public market could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Further, in recent years the stock market has experienced extreme price fluctuations in equity securities of technology and media companies. These price and volume fluctuations often have been unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. These fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions, such as armed hostilities, acts of terrorism, civil disturbances, recessions, international currency fluctuations, or tariffs and other trade barriers, may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Although we recently implemented a disaster recovery program, a disaster could nevertheless damage our operations.
We recently implemented a disaster recovery or business continuity program as part of a phased implementation of a more comprehensive and responsive recovery capability. While the new plan provides recoverability for our critical operations, the system is not yet comprehensive as it relates to all of our production, publishing and transmission operations. In the event of a catastrophic disruption, there remain some single points of failure or delays in timely recovery of or within our processes and technology that would cause us to lose, or cause an undue delay in, our ability to provide transmission or publishing capabilities. In that event, we would have to operate at reduced service levels that could have a material adverse affect on our relationships with our customers, our revenue generation and our brand.
News Corporation’s interests may diverge from those of other stockholders and the Company.
News Corporation has significant influence over our business because of its beneficial ownership of our common stock and the number of its executives who serve on our Board of Directors. There can be no assurance that its interests are aligned with that of our other stockholders. Investor interests can differ from each other and from other corporate interests and it is possible that this significant stockholder with a stake in corporate management may have interests that differ from those of other stockholders and of the Company itself. If News Corporation were to sell, or otherwise transfer, all or a large percentage of its holdings, our stock price could decline and we could find it difficult to raise capital, if needed, through the sale of additional equity securities. In addition, this concentration of ownership could delay or prevent a third party from acquiring control over us at a premium over the then-current market price of our common stock.
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and changes in the market values of our investments. Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment account. We have not used derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. We invest a majority of our excess cash in funds maintained with several high-credit quality financial institutions. We also invest in debt instruments of the U.S. government and its agencies and high-quality corporate issuers and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We protect and preserve our invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment risk. Investments in fixed rate interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities that have declined in fair value due to changes in interest rates.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2006 pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2006 in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act has been made known to them in a timely fashion. There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2006 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—Unaudited is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
See “Certain Risks Affecting Business, Operating Results and Financial Conditions” beginning on page 23, which is incorporated by reference.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibits
31.1 CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 CFO Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 CEO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 CFO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC. |
| (Registrant) |
| | |
Date: November 2, 2006 | By: | /s/ Bedi Ajay Singh |
| | Bedi Ajay Singh Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |