U.S. Xpress Enterprises (USX) 10-K 4 Mar 20 2019 FY Annual report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 19, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Entity Registrant Name	US XPRESS ENTERPRISES INC
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
EntityVoluntaryFilers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Public Float			$ 164.9
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0000923571
Amendment Flag	false
Common Class B [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		15,687,101
Class A common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		33,476,946

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,687	$ 9,892
Customer receivables, net of allowance of $63 and $59 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	183,706	190,254
Other receivables	15,253	20,430
Prepaid insurance and licenses	11,326	11,035
Operating supplies	7,193	7,324
Assets held for sale	17,732	33,225
Other current assets	15,831	13,374
Total current assets	256,728	285,534
Property and equipment, at cost	880,101	898,530
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(388,318)	(379,813)
Net property and equipment	491,783	518,717
Other assets
Operating lease right of use assets	276,618
Goodwill	57,708	57,708
Intangible assets, net	27,214	28,913
Other	30,058	19,615
Total other assets	391,598	106,236
Total assets	1,140,109	910,487
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	68,918	63,808
Book overdraft	1,313
Accrued wages and benefits	24,110	24,960
Claims and insurance accruals, current	51,910	47,442
Other accrued liabilities	9,127	8,120
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale		6,856
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	69,866
Current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases	80,247	113,094
Total current liabilities	305,491	264,280
Long-term debt and finance leases, net of current maturities	315,797	312,819
Less debt issuance costs	(1,223)	(1,347)
Net long-term debt and finance leases	314,574	311,472
Deferred income taxes	20,692	19,978
Long-term liabilities associated with assets held for sale		8,353
Other long-term liabilities	5,249	7,713
Claims and insurance accruals, long-term	56,910	60,304
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	206,357
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' Equity abstract
Additional paid-in capital	250,700	251,742
Accumulated deficit	(20,982)	(17,335)
Total stockholders' equity	230,208	234,891
Noncontrolling interest	628	3,496
Total stockholders' equity	230,836	238,387
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	1,140,109	910,487
Class A common stock
Stockholders' Equity abstract
Common stock	333	329
Common Class B [Member]
Stockholders' Equity abstract
Common stock	$ 157	$ 155

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Allowance	$ 63	$ 59
Class A common stock
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	140,000,000	140,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	33,314,141	32,859,292
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	33,314,141	32,859,292
Common Class B [Member]
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	35,000,000	35,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	15,687,101	15,486,560
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	15,687,101	15,486,560

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenues
Revenue	$ 1,707,361	$ 1,804,915	$ 1,555,385
Operating expenses
Salaries, wages, and benefits	530,885	535,994	543,735
Fuel and fuel taxes	189,800	227,525	219,515
Vehicle rents	80,064	78,639	74,377
Depreciation and amortization, net of (gain) loss on sale of property	94,337	97,954	93,369
Operating expenses and supplies	118,394	118,064	126,700
Insurance premiums and claims	88,959	85,075	77,430
Operating taxes and licenses	13,849	14,133	13,769
Communications and utilities	8,928	9,575	7,683
General and other operating expenses	75,317	66,412	61,575
Gain on sale of subsidiary	(831)
Impairment of assets held for sale		(10,693)
Total operating expenses	1,681,291	1,726,009	1,526,777
Operating income	26,070	78,906	28,608
Other expense (income)
Interest expense, net	21,635	34,866	49,758
Early extinguishment of debt		7,753
Impairment of equity method investment or note receivable	6,793	1,804
Equity in loss of affiliated companies	270	381	1,350
Other, net	26	136	(1,376)
Nonoperating Income (Expense), Total	(28,724)	(44,940)	(49,732)
Income (loss) before income tax provision	(2,654)	33,966	(21,124)
Income tax provision (benefit)	389	7,860	(17,187)
Net total and comprehensive income (loss)	(3,043)	26,106	(3,937)
Net total and comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	604	1,207	123
Net total and comprehensive income(loss) attributable to controlling interest	$ (3,647)	$ 24,899	$ (4,060)
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ 0.84	$ (0.64)
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	48,788	29,470	6,385
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ 0.83	$ (0.64)
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	48,788	30,133	6,385
Cargo and Freight [Member]
Revenues
Revenue	$ 1,538,450	$ 1,622,083	$ 1,417,173
Fuel Surcharge [Member]
Revenues
Revenue	168,911	182,832	138,212
Shipping and Handling [Member]
Operating expenses
Purchased transportation	$ 481,589	$ 481,945	$ 308,624

Consolidated Statement of Stock

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]Class A common stock	Common Stock [Member]Common Class B [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]Class A common stock	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]Common Class B [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated DeficitClass A common stock	Accumulated DeficitCommon Class B [Member]	Accumulated Deficit	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]	Total
Temporary Equity, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016										$ 3,131
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Amortization of restricted stock										673
Dividend of repurchased member units										(523)
Temporary Equity, Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017										3,281
Stockholders' Equity, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 64				$ 1			$ (39,399)	$ 2,166	(37,168)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income								(4,060)	123	(3,937)
Stockholders' Equity, Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	64				1			(43,459)	2,289	(41,105)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Adoption of ASC 606								1,459		1,459
Share-based compensation										391
Transfer from temporary equity to permanent equity										(3,455)
Dividend of repurchased member units										(217)
Share based compensation					1,856					1,856
Shares cancelled, value	(64)							64
Issuance of shares in reorganization, value	160	$ 155	$ (11)	$ (6)		$ (149)	$ (149)
Transfer from temporary equity to permanent equity					3,455					3,455
Issuance of common stock under ESPP	167				246,449					246,616
Vesting of restricted units	2				(2)
Net income								24,899	1,207	26,106
Stockholders' Equity, Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	329	155			251,742			(17,335)	3,496	238,387
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Share based compensation					3,846					3,846
Issuance of common stock under ESPP	1				348					349
Vesting of restricted units	3	2			(49)					(44)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest					(5,187)				(3,472)	(8,659)
Net income								(3,647)	604	(3,043)
Stockholders' Equity, Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 333	$ 157			$ 250,700			$ (20,982)	$ 628	$ 230,836

Consolidated Statement Of Sto_2

Consolidated Statement Of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018shares
Shares cancelled (in shares)	6,384,877
Issuance of shares (in shares)	16,668,000
Class A common stock
Issuance of shares in reorganization (in shares)	16,046,624
Common Class B [Member]
Issuance of shares in reorganization (in shares)	15,486,560

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating activities
Net income	$ (3,043)	$ 26,106	$ (3,937)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Early extinguishment of debt		7,753
Impairment of assets held for sale and equity method investments and note receivable	6,793	12,497
Equity in loss of affiliated companies	270	381	1,350
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)	714	5,691	(20,156)
Depreciation and amortization	90,484	90,831	91,340
Losses on sale of equipment	3,853	7,123	2,029
Share based compensation	3,846	2,248	673
Other	660	(2,360)	2,067
Interest paid (received) in kind		(7,516)	1,452
Gain on sale of subsidiary	(831)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	7,149	(8,972)	(32,051)
Prepaid insurance and licenses	(3,294)	(4,006)	45
Operating supplies	70	725	(510)
Other assets	(7,790)	(3,438)	(529)
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities	5,572	(21,020)	41,930
Accrued wages and benefits	(704)	6,304	1,691
Net cash provided by operating activities	103,749	112,347	85,394
Investing activities
Payments for purchases of property and equipment	(151,751)	(223,939)	(240,417)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	77,966	55,370	32,183
Acquisition of business			(2,219)
Other	(2,000)	2,480	(758)
Sale of subsidiary, net of cash	(5,845)
Net cash used in investing activities	(81,630)	(166,089)	(211,211)
Financing activities
Borrowings under lines of credit	107,300	292,332	387,973
Payments under lines of credit	(107,300)	(321,665)	(358,640)
Borrowings under long-term debt	106,341	362,013	224,102
Payments of long-term debt	(136,228)	(504,180)	(118,834)
Payments of financing costs and original issue discount	(190)	(4,166)	(5,844)
Proceeds from IPO, net of issuance costs		246,616
Payments of long-term consideration for business acquisition	(990)	(1,010)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest	(8,659)
Tax withholding related to net share settlement of restricted stock awards	(44)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under ESPP	349
Repurchase of membership units		(217)	(523)
Book overdraft	1,313	(3,537)	3,537
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(38,108)	66,186	131,771
Cash included in assets held for sale	11,784	(11,784)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(4,205)	660	5,954
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period	9,892	9,232	3,278
End of period	5,687	9,892	9,232
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the year for interest	21,136	47,406	44,073
Cash paid during the year for income taxes	58	1,603	(208)
Supplemental disclosure of significant noncash investing and financing activities
Lease conversion			34,169
Finance lease additions		439	1,505
Finance lease extinguishments	40	1,146	222
Assumption of debt			5,377
Debt obligations relieved in conjunction with the divestiture of Xpress Internacional	7,109
Financing costs accrued in accounts payable			1,162
Property and equipment amounts accrued in accounts payable	3,552	1,213	1,196
Uncollected proceeds from asset sales	$ 62	$ 2,671	$ 424

Organization and Operations

Organization and Operations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Operations	1. Organization and Operations U.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our”, and similar expressions) provide transportation services throughout the United States and Mexico, with a focus in the densely populated and economically diverse eastern half of the United States. The Company offers its customers a broad portfolio of services using its own asset-based truckload fleet and third-party carriers through our non-asset-based truck brokerage network. The Company has two reportable segments, Truckload and Brokerage. Our Truckload segment offers asset-based truckload services, including over-the-road (“OTR”) trucking and dedicated contract services. Our Brokerage segment is principally engaged in non-asset-based freight brokerage services, where loads are contracted to third-party carriers. U.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc. completed its initial public offering in June 2018 (the “IPO” or the “offering”). Prior to the offering U.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc. was wholly owned by New Mountain Lake Holdings, LLC (“New Mountain Lake”). New Mountain Lake was formed on October 12, 2007 solely for the purpose of taking U.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc. private and holding 100% ownership of U.S. Xpress Enterprises, Inc. Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the offering, we completed a series of transactions (collectively, the “Reorganization”) pursuant to which New Mountain Lake merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. In connection with the Reorganization, we adopted the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, and converted into and exchanged the issued and outstanding membership units of New Mountain Lake immediately prior to the Reorganization for the Company’s common stock. We provided for the issuance of 4.6666667 shares of Class A common stock for each Class B non-voting membership unit in New Mountain Lake and 4.6666667 shares of Class B common stock for each Class A voting membership unit in New Mountain Lake. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to five votes per share. In the offering, the Company sold 16,668,000 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $16 per share to the public and received net proceeds of $246.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Under our Articles of Incorporation, our authorized capital stock consists of 140,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 35,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 9,333,333 shares of preferred stock, the rights and preferences of which may be designated by the Board of Directors.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material. Significant estimates include useful lives of property and equipment and related salvage value, claims reserves for liability and workers’ compensation claims and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investment instruments with an original maturity of three months or less. Customer Receivables and Allowances Customer receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for uncollectible accounts and revenue adjustments. The allowances for uncollectible accounts and revenue adjustments are based on historical experience as well as any known trends or uncertainties related to customer billing and account collectability. The Company reviews the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts on a quarterly basis. Past due balances over contractual payment terms and exceeding specified amounts are reviewed individually for collectability. Receivable balances are written off when collection is deemed unlikely. Operating Supplies Operating supplies consist primarily of parts, materials and supplies for servicing the Company’s revenue and service equipment. Operating supplies are recorded at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. Tires purchased as part of revenue and service equipment are capitalized as part of the cost of the equipment. Replacement tires are charged to expense when placed in service. Assets Held for Sale Assets held for sale are comprised primarily of revenue equipment no longer being utilized in continuing operations which are available and ready for sale. Assets held for sale are no longer subject to depreciation and are recorded at the lower of depreciated book value or fair market value less selling costs. The Company expects to sell these assets within the next twelve months. At December 31, 2019, assets held for sale was comprised of revenue equipment and a terminal. At December 31, 2018, assets held for sale included revenue equipment of approximately $5.2 million and assets of a business held for sale of approximately $28.0 million. See Note 4, Divesture of Xpress International for more discussion related to the sale of our interest in Xpress Internacional S.A. de C.V. (Xpress Internacional) during January 2019. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for tax purposes over the estimated useful lives of the related assets (net of salvage values ranging from 25.0% to 50.0% of revenue equipment). The Company periodically evaluates the estimated useful lives and salvage values of its revenue equipment, due to changes in business needs and expected usage of the equipment. Upon the retirement of property and equipment, the related asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are expensed. Renewals or betterments that affect the nature of an asset or increase its useful life are capitalized. Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception and perform an analysis to determine whether the lease is an operating lease or a finance lease. We measure right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments. As most of our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, we estimate an incremental borrowing rate based on the credit quality of the Company and by comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings, and adjusting this amount based on the impact of collateral over the term of each lease. We use this rate to discount the remaining lease payments in measuring the ROU asset and lease liability. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. We recognize lease expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For our finance leases, we recognize amortization expense from the amortization of the ROU asset and interest expense on the related lease liability. We do not separate lease and nonlease components of contracts, except for certain leased information technology assets that are embedded within various service agreements. The lease components included in those agreements are included in the ROU asset and lease liability, and the amounts are not significant. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Impairment of Long Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Expected future cash flows are used to analyze whether an impairment has occurred. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the long-lived asset, then an impairment loss is recognized. We measure the impairment loss by comparing the fair value of the asset to its carrying value. Fair value is determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis or the appraised value of the assets, as appropriate. Goodwill In 2013, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment, which allows companies to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under this standard, the Company would not be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the Company determines, based on the qualitative review, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. The standard includes events and circumstances for the Company to consider when conducting the qualitative assessment. The quantitative impairment test consists of two different steps. The first step identifies potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired and the second step of the test is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value, the second step measures the impairment loss, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The Company performs an annual goodwill impairment analysis at the reporting unit level as of October 1 each year or when an event occurs which might cause or indicate impairment. The Company performed the qualitative assessment in the fourth quarter of 2019 and 2018 and concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Truckload reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount. Intangible Assets Customer relationships are valued as part of acquisition-related transactions using the income appraisal methodology. The income appraisal methodology includes a determination of the present value of future monetary benefits to be derived from the anticipated income, or ownership, of the subject asset. The value of customer relationships includes the value expected to be realized from existing contracts as well as from expected renewals of such contracts and is calculated using unweighted and weighted total undiscounted cash flows as part of the income appraisal methodology. Customer relationships are amortized over seven to fifteen years. The Company tests intangible assets with definite lives for impairment if conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. There was no impairment of customer relationships in 2019 and 2018. Trade names are valued based on various factors including the projected revenue stream associated with the intangible asset. The Company’s trade names have an indefinite life and are not amortized. In the fourth quarter of 2019 and 2018, the Company performed the qualitative assessment of its trade name assets and concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the assets is greater than its carrying amount. Therefore, the Company concluded it was not necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. Book Overdraft Book overdraft represents outstanding checks in excess of current cash levels. The Company funds its book overdraft from its line of credit and operating cash flows. Deferred Financing Costs The Company presents debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the related debt, consistent with debt discounts. Debt issuance costs associated with revolving line-of-credit arrangements are presented as an asset. All such debt issuance costs are amortized ratably over the term of the arrangement. Term loan debt issuance costs excluding original issue discount, net of accumulated amortization were $1.2 million and $1.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Revolver gross debt issuance costs were $1.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, offset by accumulated amortization of $0.5 million and $0.2 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Debt issuance cost amortization expense excluding original issue discount was $0.3 million, $1.6 million and $3.4 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Recognition of Revenue The Company generates revenues primarily from shipments executed by the Company’s Truckload and Brokerage operations. Those shipments are the Company’s performance obligations, arising under contracts we have entered into with customers. Under such contracts, revenue is recognized when obligations are satisfied, which occurs over time with the transit of shipments from origin to destination. This is appropriate as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Company performs its obligation. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. The most significant judgment used in recognition of revenue is the determination of miles driven as the basis for determining the amount of revenue to be recognized for partially fulfilled obligations. Accessorial charges for fuel surcharge, loading and unloading, stop charges, and other immaterial charges are part of the consideration we receive for the single performance obligation of delivering shipments. Contracts entered into with our customers do not contain material financing components. The majority of revenue contracts with our customers have a duration of one year or less and do not require any significant start-up costs, and as such, costs incurred to obtain contracts associated with these contracts are expensed as incurred. For contracts with durations exceeding one year, incremental start-up costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight line basis over the contract period which materially represents the period of revenue generation. Incremental capitalized start-up costs totaled $3.2 million and $3.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense associated with our start up costs was $1.5 million and $1.2 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Through the Company’s Brokerage operations, the Company outsources the transportation of the loads to third-party carriers. The Company is a principal in these arrangements, and therefore records revenue associated with these contracts on a gross basis. The Company has the primary responsibility to meet the customer’s requirements. The Company invoices and collects from its customers and also maintains discretion over pricing. Additionally, the Company is responsible for selection of third-party transportation providers to the extent used to satisfy customer freight requirements. The timing of revenue recognition, billings, cash collections, and allowance for doubtful accounts results in billed and unbilled receivables on our consolidated balance sheet. The Company receives the unconditional right to bill when shipments are delivered to their destination. We generally receive payment within 40 days of completion of performance obligations. Unbilled receivables recorded on the consolidated balance sheet were $2.7 million and $2.9 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively and are included in customer receivables in the consolidated balance sheets. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets based on whether it believes that it is more likely than not all deferred tax assets will be realized. A consideration of future taxable income is made as well as on-going prudent feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for valuation allowances. In the event it is determined all or part of a deferred tax asset would not be able to be realized, management would record an adjustment to the deferred tax asset and recognize a charge against income at that time. The Company’s estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to its assessment of relevant risks, facts and circumstances existing at that time. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, and records a liability when such uncertainties meet the more likely than not recognition threshold. Potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense. Concentration of Credit Risk Concentrations of credit risk with respect to customer receivables are limited due to the large number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across many different industries. Revenues from the Company’s largest customer accounted for 12.3% of total consolidated revenues before fuel surcharge during 2019. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations and generally does not require collateral. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has stock-based compensation plans that provide for grants of equity to its management in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards, performance units, and any other form established by the Compensation Committee. Stock-based compensation is recognized over the period for which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock-based compensation expense is included in salaries, wages, and benefits in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Claims and Insurance Accruals Claims and insurance accruals consist of cargo loss, physical damage, group health, liability (personal injury and property damage) and workers’ compensation claims and associated legal and other expenses within the Company’s established retention levels. Claims in excess of retention levels are generally covered by insurance in amounts the Company considers adequate. Claims accruals represent the uninsured portion of the loss and if we are the primary obligor, the insured portion of pending claims at December 31, 2019 and 2018, plus an estimated liability for incurred but not reported claims and the associated expense. Accruals for cargo loss, physical damage, group health, liability and workers’ compensation claims are estimated based on the Company’s evaluation of the type and severity of individual claims and future development based on historical trends. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount recorded for both workers’ compensation and auto liability were based in part upon actuarial studies performed by a third-party actuary. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had a claim accrual and corresponding receivable for the amount above its self-insured retention of $0.4 million, which the Company believes should be sufficient to resolve the remaining claims. The Company believes the insurers will provide their portion of the remaining claims. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments -Credit Losses (Topic 326) amending how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance requires the application of a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company believes the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on its financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment testing process. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount. Under the new standard, a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying value of a reporting unit over its fair value. The provisions of this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the pronouncement and does not expect the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. On December 18, 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which modifies ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company has not early adopted this guidance and will continue to evaluate the impact on its financial statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑02, “Leases (Topic 842),” and has subsequently issued supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs (collectively “ASC 842”), in order to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. We adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective approach and applied the transition provisions with an effective date as of January 1, 2019 for leases that existed on that date. Prior period results continue to be presented under ASC 840 based on the accounting originally in effect for such periods. We elected the “package of practical expedients” under ASC 842 which permits us to not reassess our historical assessments of (1) whether contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification and (3) initial direct costs. We also elected the practical expedient to not reassess certain land easements. We did not elect the use-of-hindsight practical expedient during the transition of ASC 842. Adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recording of operating lease ROU assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities of approximately $183.0 million. The adoption of ASC 842 also resulted in increased disclosure, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. See the “Leases” section of this note and Note 10, Leases for additional information.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	3. Income Taxes The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands): 2019 2018 2017 Domestic $ (2,848) $ 27,262 $ (27,722) Mexico 194 6,704 6,598 Income (loss) before Income Taxes $ (2,654) $ 33,966 $ (21,124) The income tax provision (benefit) for 2019, 2018 and 2017 consists of the following (in thousands): 2019 2018 2017 Current Federal $ — $ (1,358) $ (31) State (325) 911 605 Mexico — 2,616 2,396 (325) 2,169 2,970 Deferred Federal (546) 5,113 (21,190) State 1,260 788 79 Mexico — (210) 954 714 5,691 (20,157) Income tax provision (benefit) $ 389 $ 7,860 $ (17,187) A reconciliation of the income tax provision (benefit) as reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income to the amounts computed by applying federal statutory rate of 21% for 2019 and 2018 and 35% for 2017, respectively is as follows (in thousands): 2019 2018 2017 Federal income tax at statutory rate $ (558) $ 7,132 $ (7,437) State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 1,633 1,319 (597) Nondeductible per diem paid to drivers 1,173 1,182 2,476 Xpress Internacional activity (71) 1,616 76 Tax credits (1,341) (1,611) (970) Provision to return adjustment (138) 35 248 Valuation allowance 567 2,433 950 Foreign transition tax on deemed distribution — (30) 2,315 Global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) — 1,217 — Tax Act impact of federal rate change — — (14,723) Basis difference on assets held for sale — (2,524) — Change in reserve for uncertain tax positions and settlements (755) (3,278) 146 Affirmative issue - imputed interest expense — 1,223 (1,223) Non-taxable life insurance death benefit — (1,004) — Expiration of federal capital loss carryforward — 1,826 — Excess tax benefits on share-based compensation (459) (651) — Deferred Mexican withholding tax — (876) 876 Other, net 338 (149) 676 Income tax provision (benefit) $ 389 $ 7,860 $ (17,187) At December 31, 2018, our analysis is complete for amounts recorded related to the Act. The final amount of the one-time transition tax imposed by the Act was favorably adjusted by $0.2 million from the original provision provided in the December 31, 2017 financial statements. There were no other material adjustments related to the impact of the Act. Prior to the enactment of the Tax Act, the Company was indefinitely reinvested with respect to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. At December 31, 2017, the Company changed its assertion and established a deferred tax liability of $0.9 million related to foreign withholding taxes that it would incur should it repatriate these historic earnings. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had an executed letter of intent to sell the stock of the foreign subsidiaries for which it had previously reflected the $0.9 million deferred tax liability. Since the Company no longer expects to repatriate these earnings in the future and, instead, sold the stock of these foreign subsidiaries on January 17, 2019, it has fully reversed the related deferred tax liability. As a result of the Company’s disposal of its interests in all foreign subsidiaries on January 17, 2019, there are no longer any undistributed earnings from foreign subsidiaries that can be indefinitely reinvested, The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018, consists of the following (in thousands): 2019 2018 Deferred tax assets Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 2,075 $ 1,333 Insurance and claims reserves 21,657 22,503 Compensation and employee benefits 3,394 2,973 Net operating loss and credit carryforwards 31,983 53,552 Net capital loss carryforward 4,860 — Finance lease obligations 2,660 4,782 Investment in subsidiaries 151 6,660 Operating lease liabilities 67,860 — Notes receivable reserve 2,639 — Other 231 551 Valuation allowance (6,393) (5,826) Total deferred tax assets $ 131,117 $ 86,528 Deferred tax liabilities Property and equipment $ 75,014 $ 97,073 Intangibles 7,541 8,007 Prepaid license fees 1,011 974 Right of use assets 67,958 — Other 285 452 Total deferred tax liabilities $ 151,809 $ 106,506 Net deferred tax liability $ 20,692 $ 19,978 The Company had approximately $22.0 million and $0 of federal capital loss carryforwards, $64.3 million and $177.7 million of federal operating loss carryforwards, $138.8 million and $122.3 million of state operating loss carryforwards and $0.5 million and $0.6 million of state tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Federal operating losses created before 2018 of $24.6 million expire in 2037 while federal losses created in 2019 of $39.7 million do not expire and may be carried forward indefinitely. The federal credit carryforward of $11.0 million will begin to expire in the years 2031 through 2039. The state loss carryforwards of $138.8 million begin to expire in the years 2020 and forward, depending on the state and may be used to offset otherwise taxable income. State tax credit carryforwards of $0.5 million expire in the years 2020 through 2028. The Company has a valuation allowance of $6.4 million and $5.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, to offset the tax benefit of certain state operating loss carryforwards, state credit carryforwards, and federal capital loss carryforwards. The valuation allowance increased by $0.6 million and $2.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, due to the addition of capital loss carryforwards, and the change in certain separate company state operating loss carryforwards and certain state tax credit carryforwards which the Company does not currently believe it will be able to utilize before the applicable expiration date of each item. Deferred tax valuation allowances Balance at beginning of Charges to costs Charges to other Balance at end period and expenses accounts Deductions of period Fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 $ 3,530 $ 1,081 $ — $ 1,218 $ 3,393 December 31, 2018 $ 3,393 $ 5,654 $ — $ 3,221 $ 5,826 December 31, 2019 $ 5,826 $ 1,839 $ — $ 1,272 $ 6,393 For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company had a balance of unrecognized tax benefits of $0, $0.8 million and $5.5 million respectively, which is a component of other long-term liabilities. 2019 2018 2017 Beginning balance $ 829 $ 5,506 $ 5,200 Additions based on tax positions taken in prior years 829 306 Reductions due to settlements (829) Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations (5,506) — Balance at December 31 $ — $ 829 $ 5,506 Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are classified as income tax expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. This amounted to $0, $0.1 million and $0.1 million for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Only tax years 2015 and forward remain subject to examination by federal and state tax jurisdictions, other than the current IRS audit. This audit is focused on amended federal income tax returns filed for 2009-2012 and relates only to reported changes in fuel tax credits and agricultural chemicals security credits. Due to events related to this IRS exam that occurred in 2018, the Company has released the reserve related to these items. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has settled all uncertain tax positions with the applicable tax authorities.

Divesture of Xpress Internacion

Divesture of Xpress Internacional	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Divesture of Xpress Internacional	4. Divesture of Xpress Internacional On January 17, 2019, we sold our 95% interest in Xpress Internacional as well as our equity method investments with operations in Mexico (Dylka Distribuciones Logisti-K, S.A. DE C.V. and XPS Logisti-K Systems, S.A.P.I. de C.V.). The purchase price was $4.5 million in cash, a $6.0 million note receivable and approximately $2.5 million in contingent consideration related to the completion of selling 110 tractors. The fair value of the tractors approximated $2.5 million on January 17, 2019. During 2019, we updated the fair value of the tractors to $1.7 million from the previously recorded $2.5 million and recorded an additional net cash receivable for $1.6 million as a result of lower than expected purchase expenses at Xpress Internacional. The results of operations from the business classified as assets held for sale were not material to our consolidated revenues or consolidated operating income. During 2018, we recognized a held for sale impairment in the amount of $11.6 million related to the disposal group as the net carrying value exceeded the fair value. We recognized a subsequent gain during 2019 of $0.8 million. Amounts classified as assets and liabilities held for sale at December 31, 2018 related to the disposal group outlined above within the consolidated balance sheet are as follows (in thousands): Total current assets of business held for sale $ 28,038 Property, plant and equipment 10,635 Other assets 994 Total disposal group assets held for sale $ 39,667 Total current liabilities associated with assets held for sale $ 6,856 Long-term liabilities associated with assets held for sale 8,353 Total liabilities associated with assets of business held for sale $ 15,209 Held for sale impairment charge 11,629 Fair value of disposal group held for sale $ 12,829

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]	5. Property and Equipment The cost and lives at December 31, 2019 and 2018, are as follows (in thousands): Approximate Cost Lives 2019 2018 Land and land improvements $ 15,229 $ 22,130 Buildings and building improvements 10 − 40 years 56,008 85,317 Revenue and service equipment 3 − 15 years 645,808 648,648 Furniture and equipment 3 − 7 years 48,682 47,482 Leasehold improvements lesser of useful life or lease terms 24,324 23,027 Computer software 1 − 7 years 90,050 71,926 $ 880,101 $ 898,530 The Company recognized $84.6 million, $85.9 million and $86.0 million in depreciation expense in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized $3.9 million, $7.1 million and $2.0 million of losses on the sale of equipment in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company enters into finance leases for certain revenue equipment with terms ranging from 24 - 100 months. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, property and equipment included finance leases with costs of $29.5 million and $39.5 million, and accumulated amortization of $15.9 million and $18.1 million, respectively. Amortization of finance leases is also included in depreciation expense. The Company recognized $4.1 million, $3.1 million and $3.8 million of computer software amortization expense in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Accumulated amortization for computer software was $64.2 million and $60.2 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Goodwill

Goodwill	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill	6. Goodwill Our U.S. Xpress and Total Transportation of Mississippi (“Total”) reporting units, both of which aggregate into our Truckload reportable segment, are the only reporting units that have goodwill. The carrying amounts of goodwill are $52.8 million at U.S. Xpress and $4.9 million at Total at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Intangible Assets	7. Intangible Assets The gross amount of the customer relationships was $21.7 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognized $1.7 million, $1.8 million and $1.6 million of amortization expense in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively and accumulated amortization was $17.8 million and $16.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The weighted average remaining useful life for the customer relationships was 3.3 and 4.0 years at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The gross carrying value of the indefinite lived trade names was $23.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Scheduled amortization expense related to customer relationships for future years is as follows (in thousands): Customer Relationship 2020 1,679 2021 1,393 2022 345 2023 345 2024 115 Thereafter — $ 3,877

Equity Investments

Equity Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Equity Investments	8. Equity Investments At December 31, 2018 the Company had a 38% ownership in XPS Logisti-K Systems, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“Logisti-K”), a Mexican based third party logistics business with the remaining 62% interest is owned by management of Logisti-K, and a 30% neutral investment in Dylka (Distribuciones Logisti-K S.A. de C. V. (“Dylka”), an intra-Mexican carrier with the remaining 70% interest owned by the management of Dylka with these shareholders also representing 42% ownership of Logisti-K. The Company had provided the combined companies a $5.0 million working capital loan. At December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount of the working capital loan was $4.9 million plus accrued interest. On January 17, 2019, we sold our investments in Logisti-K and Dylka in conjunction with the sale of Xpress Internacional and entered into promissory notes for the working capital loan plus interest. The notes have scheduled monthly payments and mature in April 2029. As of December 31, 2019, Logisti-K and Dylka were in compliance with the terms of the notes. During 2011 and 2012, the Company obtained common unit ownership interests in DriverTech, LLC (DriverTech). DriverTech is a provider of onboard computers designed for in-cab use and related software for the trucking industry. The Company owns 20.73% and certain members of management of the Company own 12.00%. The remaining 67.27% is owned by other investors. The carrying value of our investment in DriverTech was $0 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In conjunction with the sale of Arnold Transportation, Inc. (Arnold) to Parker Global Enterprises, Inc. (Parker), the Company received common stock representing 45% of the outstanding equity interests of Parker. The investment in Parker is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and was initially recognized at fair value of $10.4 million on January 2, 2013. The carrying amount of the Company’s investment in Parker was $0 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In February 2020, we sold our interest in Parker to the management of Parker. In April 2015, we sold our interest in XGS and received common stock representing 10% of the outstanding equity interests of XGS valued at $0.2 million, and $5.0 million preferred stock. The investment in XGS was accounted for under the equity method of accounting and was initially recognized at fair value of $5.2 million on April 13, 2015. During December 2018, the Company’s residual 10% investment along with our preferred stock was extinguished and we recognized an impairment charge of $0.9 million. Summarized financial information for the Company’s equity investments aggregated as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands): As of December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 Current assets 12,976 23,325 Non-current assets 14,704 29,297 Total Assets 27,680 52,622 Current liabilities 34,302 54,733 Non-current liabilities 62,058 83,085 Total Liabilities 96,360 137,818 Net Liabilities $ (68,680) $ (85,196) For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Total operating revenue $ 115,501 $ 158,414 $ 243,311 Operating expenses 122,459 151,523 247,384 Operating income (loss) (6,958) 6,891 (4,073) Net loss $ (12,512) $ (3,679) $ (12,023)

Long-term Debt

Long-term Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-Term Debt	9. Long-Term Debt Long-term debt at December 31, 2019 and 2018 consists of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Line of credit, maturing June 2023 $ — $ — Term loan agreement, interest rate of 4.3% and 4.8% at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, maturing June 2023 150,000 195,000 Revenue equipment installment notes with finance companies, weighted average interest rate of 4.7% and 5.0% at December 31, 2019 and 2018, due in monthly installments with final maturities at various dates through February 2026, secured by related revenue equipment with a net book value of $220.4 million and $197.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 208,252 184,867 Mortgage note payables, interest rates ranging from 6.26% to 6.99% at December 31, 2019 and 2018 due in monthly installments with final maturities at various dates through September 2031, secured by real estate with a net book value of $20.2 million and $24.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 17,776 18,861 Other 8,795 6,872 384,823 405,600 Less: Debt issuance costs (1,223) (1,347) Less: Current maturities of long-term debt (75,596) (106,383) $ 308,004 $ 297,870 Credit Facilities In June 2018, we entered into a credit facility that contained a $150.0 million revolving component and a $200.0 million term loan component. The credit facility contained an accordion feature that, so long as no event of default existed, allowed us to request an increase in the borrowing amounts under the revolving facility or the term facility by a combined maximum amount of $75.0 million. Borrowings under the credit facility were classified as either “base rate loans” or “Eurodollar rate loans.” Base rate loans accrued interest at a base rate equal to the agent’s prime rate plus an applicable margin that was set at 1.25% through September 30, 2018 and adjusted quarterly thereafter between 0.75% and 1.50% based on our consolidated net leverage ratio. Eurodollar rate loans will accrue interest at London Interbank Offered Rate, or a comparable or successor rate approved by the administrative agent, plus an applicable margin that was set at 2.25% through September 30, 2018 and adjusted quarterly thereafter between 1.75% and 2.50% based on our consolidated net leverage ratio. The credit facility required payment of a commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving facility commitment of between 0.25% and 0.35% based on our consolidated net leverage ratio. In addition, the revolving facility included, within its $150.0 million revolving credit facility, a letter of credit sub facility in an aggregate amount of $75.0 million and a swingline sub facility in an aggregate amount of $15.0 million. The term facility had scheduled quarterly principal payments between 1.25% and 2.50% of the original face amount of the term facility plus any additional amount borrowed pursuant to the accordion feature of the term facility, with the first such payment occurring on the last day of our fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2018. The Credit Facility was scheduled to mature on June 18, 2023. Borrowings under the credit facility were prepayable at any time without premium and are subject to mandatory prepayment from the net proceeds of certain asset sales and other borrowings. The credit facility was secured by a pledge of substantially all of our assets, excluding, among other things, certain real estate and revenue equipment financed outside the credit facility. The credit facility contained restrictive covenants including, among other things, restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness or issue guarantees, to create liens on our assets, to make distributions on or redeem equity interests, to make investments, to transfer or sell properties or other assets and to engage in mergers, consolidations, or acquisitions. In addition, the credit facility required us to meet specified financial ratios and tests, including a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. At December 31, 2019, the Revolving Facility had issued collateralized letters of credit in the face amount of $32.7 million, with $0 borrowings outstanding and $117.3 million available to borrow and the Term Facility had $150.0 million outstanding. On January 28, 2020, we entered into a new credit facility (the “Credit Facility”)and contemporaneously with the funding of the Credit Facility paid off obligations under our then existing credit facility and terminated such facility. The Credit Facility is a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, with an uncommitted accordion feature that, so long as no event of default exists, allows the Company to request an increase in the revolving credit facility of up to $75.0 million. The Credit Facility is a five-year facility scheduled to terminate on January 28, 2025. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are classified as either “base rate loans” or “eurodollar rate loans”. Base rate loans accrue interest at a base rate equal to the highest of (A) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (B) the Agent’s prime rate, and (C) LIBOR plus 1.00% plus an applicable margin that is set at 0.50% through June 30, 2020 and adjusted quarterly thereafter between 0.25% and 0.75% based on the ratio of the daily average availability under the Credit Facility to the daily average of the lesser of the borrowing base or the revolving credit facility. Eurodollar rate loans accrue interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin that is set at 1.50% through June 30, 2020 and adjusted quarterly thereafter between 1.25% and 1.75% based on the ratio of the daily average availability under the Credit Facility to the daily average of the lesser of the borrowing base or the revolving credit facility. The Credit Facility includes, within its $250.0 million revolving credit facility, a letter of credit sub-facility in an aggregate amount of $75.0 million and a swingline sub-facility in an aggregate amount of $25.0 million. An unused line fee of 0.25% is applied to the average daily amount by which the lenders’ aggregate revolving commitments exceed the outstanding principal amount of revolver loans and aggregate undrawn amount of all outstanding letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility is secured by a pledge of substantially all of the Company’s assets, excluding, among other things, any real estate or revenue equipment financed outside the Credit Facility. Borrowings under the new Credit Facility are subject to a borrowing base limited to the lesser of (A) $250.0 million; or (B) the sum of (i) 87.5% of eligible billed accounts receivable, plus (ii) 85.0% of eligible unbilled accounts receivable (less than 30 days), plus (iii) 85.0% of the net orderly liquidation value percentage applied to the net book value of eligible revenue equipment, plus (iv) the lesser of (a) 80.0% the fair market value of eligible real estate or (b) $25.0 million. The Credit Facility contains a single springing financial covenant, which requires a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.0 to 1.0. The financial covenant is tested only in the event excess availability under the Credit Facility is less than the greater of (A) 10.0% of the lesser of the borrowing base or revolving credit facility or (B) $20.0 million The Credit Facility includes usual and customary events of default for a facility of this nature and provides that, upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default, payment of all amounts payable under the Credit Facility may be accelerated, and the lenders’ commitments may be terminated. The Credit Facility contains certain restrictions and covenants relating to, among other things, dividends, liens, acquisitions and dispositions, affiliate transactions, and other indebtedness. Old Term Loan Agreement At December 31, 2017, the Company had an outstanding term loan in the amount of $193.2 million. In June 2018, the Company repaid this term loan with proceeds from the offering and incurred a loss on early extinguishment of debt. The loss resulted from the write-off of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $0.6 million and $5.3 million, respectively, payment of fees to lenders of $1.4 million and third party fees of $0.1 million. Old Line of Credit At December 31, 2017, the Company had $29.3 million outstanding on its $155.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. In June 2018, in connection with the offering and entering into the New Credit Facility, the Company repaid and terminated this revolving credit facility and incurred a loss on early extinguishment of debt. The loss resulted from the write-off of debt issuance costs of $0.2 million and payment of fees to lenders of $0.1 million. Debt Maturities As of December 31, 2019, the scheduled principal payments of long-term debt, excluding unamortized discount and debt issuance costs and finance leases are as follows (in thousands): 2020 $ 75,596 2021 42,602 2022 61,874 2023 179,403 2024 3,904 Thereafter 21,444 $ 384,823

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	10. Leases We have operating and finance leases with terms of 1 year to 15 years for certain revenue and service equipment and office and terminal facilities. The table below presents the lease-related assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet (in thousands): Leases Classification December 31, 2019 Assets Operating Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 276,618 Finance Property and equipment, net 13,641 Total leased assets $ 290,259 Liabilities Current Operating Current portion of operating lease liabilities $ 69,866 Finance Current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases 4,651 Noncurrent Operating Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 206,357 Finance Long-term debt and finance leases, net of current maturities 6,570 Total lease liabilities $ 287,444 The table below presents certain information related to the lease costs for finance and operating leases (in thousands): Year Ended Lease Cost Classification December 31, 2019 Operating lease cost Vehicle rents and General and other operating $ 81,467 Finance lease cost: Amortization of finance lease assets Depreciation and amortization 3,102 Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense 1,093 Short-term lease cost General and other operating 4,111 Total lease cost $ 89,773 Year Ended December Cash Flow Information 31, 2019 Cash paid for operating leases included in operating activities $ 81,467 Cash paid for finance leases included in operating activities $ 1,093 Cash paid for finance leases included in financing activities $ 9,049 Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $ 170,855 Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities relieved in conjunction with divesture of Xpress Internacional $ 2,018 Weighted‑Average Weighted- Remaining Lease Average Lease Term and Discount Rate Term (years) Discount Rate Operating leases 5.0 4.4 % Finance leases 3.3 5.4 % As of December 31, 2019, future maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2019 Finance Operating 2020 $ 5,217 $ 80,628 2021 4,081 71,656 2022 1,423 59,215 2023 1,423 43,588 2024 296 20,245 Thereafter — 35,523 12,440 310,855 Less: Amount representing interest (1,219) (34,632) Total $ 11,221 $ 276,223 During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into a sale leaseback transaction involving three terminals. The Company received proceeds of $23.5 million from the sale of the terminals which was used to pay down our term loan. The Company will lease back the terminals with an initial lease term of fifteen years at an approximate initial annual rate of $1.7 million that increases by 1.7% per year throughout the term. The Company accounted for the leases as operating leases and recorded a right of use asset and operating lease liability in the amount of $20.8 million. The transaction resulted in a gain of approximately $1.2 million which is included in (gain) loss on sale of property. Rental expense under noncancelable operating leases during 2018 and 2017 was approximately $78.5 million and $75.7 million, respectively. Certain revenue equipment leases provide for guarantees by the Company of a portion of the specified residual value at the end of the lease term. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted) under these guarantees is approximately $91.5 million at December 31, 2019. The residual value of a portion of the related leased revenue equipment is covered by repurchase or trade agreements between the Company and the equipment manufacturer.

Related-party Transactions

Related-party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related-Party Transactions	11. Related-Party Transactions The Company had a $25.5 million note payable to a limited liability company controlled by certain officers of the Company as of December 31, 2017. The Company repaid the note in the amount of $26.6 million which included paid in kind interest of $8.6 million as of June 2018. The Company leased a terminal facility from entities owned by the two principal stockholders of New Mountain Lake and their respective family trusts. The lease agreement was set to expire in 2020. Rent expense of approximately $0.5 million and $0.9 million was recognized in connection with these leases during 2018 and 2017, respectively. In June 2018, the Company purchased the terminal facility for $7.5 million with proceeds from the offering. The Company and two principal stockholders of the Company collectively own 32.73% of the outstanding stock of DriverTech. Total payments by the Company to this provider were $2.4 million, $1.5 million and $1.5 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily for communications hardware. This product is designed specifically for in-cab use on a Windows platform to enhance communications with the driver. In connection with the sale of Arnold to Parker, the Company entered into a number of agreements with Parker. Under the Transition Services Agreement, the Company agreed to perform certain services for Parker, such as accounting, payroll, human resources, information technology and others. Parker paid the Company approximately $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million under this agreement during 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company entered into a ten-year lease with Arnold for the use of real property located in Grand Prairie, Texas. Arnold paid the Company approximately $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million under these agreements during 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During 2019, the Company converted $5.0 million in trade receivables to a promissory note and under the note advanced an additional $2.0 million. In the fourth quarter of 2019, Company recorded a $6.8 million impairment charge as the collectability of the note was remote. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, $0.2 million and $3.1 million was due from Arnold and was included in other receivables in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	12. Commitments and Contingencies The Company is party to certain legal proceedings incidental to its business. The ultimate disposition of these matters, in the opinion of management, based in part on the advice of legal counsel, is not expected to have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. For the cases described below, management is unable to provide a meaningful estimate of the possible loss or range of loss because, among other reasons, (1) the proceedings are in various stages; (2) damages have not been sought; (3) damages are unsupported and/or exaggerated; (4) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of the proceedings, including pending appeals; and/or (5) there are significant factual issues to be resolved. For these cases, however, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. California Wage and Hour Class Action Litigation On December 23, 2015, a class action lawsuit was filed against us and our subsidiary U.S. Xpress, Inc. in the Superior Court of California, County of San Bernardino. The case was transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The putative class includes current and former truck drivers employed by us who worked or work in California after the completion of their training while residing in California since December 23, 2011 to present. The case alleges that class members were not paid for off-the-clock work, were not provided duty free meal or break times, and were not paid premium pay in their absence, were not paid minimum wage for all hours worked, were not provided accurate and complete time and pay records and were not paid all accrued wages at the end of their employment, all in violation of California law. The class seeks a judgment for compensatory damages and penalties, injunctive relief, attorney fees and costs and pre- and post-judgment interest. On May 2, 2019, the court dismissed on grounds of preemption the claims alleging failure to provide duty free meal and rest breaks or to pay premium pay for failure to provide such breaks under California law. The parties have also filed cross-motions for summary judgment on the remaining claims, and the Company has filed a motion to decertify the class. The parties are completing supplemental briefing on those motions, and the court has scheduled oral argument on the motions. The matter is currently in discovery, and a jury trial has set to begin on September 1, 2020. We are currently not able to predict the probable outcome or to reasonably estimate a range of potential losses, if any. We intend to vigorously defend the merits of these claims. Stockholder Claims As set forth below, between November 2018 and April 2019, eight substantially similar putative securities class action complaints were filed against us and certain other defendants: five in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee (“Tennessee State Court Cases”), two in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee (“Federal Court Cases”), and one in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (“New York State Court Case”). Two of the Tennessee State Court Cases and one of the Federal Court Cases have been voluntarily dismissed. On November 21, 2018, a putative class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee against us, five of our officers or directors, and the seven underwriters who participated in our June 2018 initial public offering (“IPO”), alleging violations of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). The class action lawsuit is based on allegations that the Company made false and/or misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in connection with the IPO. The lawsuit is purportedly brought on behalf of a putative class of all persons or entities who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s Class A common stock pursuant and/or traceable to the IPO, and seeks, among other things, compensatory damages, costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) on behalf of the putative class. On January 23, 2019, a substantially similar putative class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee, by a different plaintiff alleging claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act against the same defendants as in the action commenced on November 21, 2018. On March 7, 2019, this case was voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff. On January 30, 2019, a substantially similar putative class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee, by a different plaintiff alleging claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act against the same defendants as in the action commenced on November 21, 2018, and also alleging a claim under Section 12 of the Securities Act. On February 5, 2019, a substantially similar putative class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee, by a different plaintiff alleging claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act against the same defendants as in the action commenced on November 21, 2018, and also alleging a claim under Section 12 of the Securities Act. On February 6, 2019, a substantially similar putative class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Tennessee, by different plaintiffs alleging claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act against the same defendants as in the action commenced on November 21, 2018. On March 19, 2019, this case was voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff. On March 8, 2019, a substantially similar putative class action complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee by a different plaintiff alleging claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act against the same defendants as in the action commenced on November 21, 2018. On May 9, 2019, this case was voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff. On March 14, 2019, a substantially similar putative class action complaint was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, by a different plaintiff alleging claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act against the same defendants as in the action commenced on November 21, 2018. The parties have stipulated to extend the time for defendants to respond to the complaint in this matter pending resolution of the motions to dismiss filed (or to be filed) in the remaining of the Tennessee State Court Cases and the Federal Court Cases. On April 2, 2019, a substantially similar putative class action complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, by a different plaintiff alleging claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act against us and the same five of our officers and directors as in the action commenced on November 21, 2018. Unlike the previously filed complaints, this complaint did not name as defendants any of the seven underwriters who participated in our IPO; however, an amended complaint was filed on October 8, 2019 (“Amended Federal Complaint”) which added all underwriters who participated in the IPO as defendants. The three remaining Tennessee State Court Cases have been consolidated, and discovery is currently stayed pending a decision on a motion to dismiss filed by the Company and the other defendants. On July 18, 2019, the court presiding over the remaining of the Federal Court Cases issued an order appointing lead plaintiff and lead counsel. Pursuant to a stipulation entered in that matter, the appointed lead plaintiff filed the Amended Federal Complaint on October 8, 2019. The Amended Federal Complaint is made on behalf of a putative class that consists of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Class A common stock of USX between June 14, 2018 and November 1, 2018 and who were allegedly damaged thereby. In addition, the Amended Federal Complaint alleges additional violations of Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) against the Company, its Chief Executive Office and its Chief Financial Officer. On December 23, 2019, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Federal Complaint in its entirety for failure to allege facts sufficient to state a claim under either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. The complaints in all the actions listed above allege that the Company made false and/or misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO, and that, as a result of such alleged statements, the plaintiffs and the members of the putative classes suffered damages. The Amended Federal Complaint additionally alleges that the Company, its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer made false and/or misleading statements and/or material omissions in press releases, earnings calls, investor conferences, television interviews, and filings made with the SEC subsequent to the IPO. We believe the allegations made in the complaints are without merit and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in these matters. Stockholder Derivative Action On June 7, 2019, a stockholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the District Court for Clark County, Nevada against five of our executives and all five of our independent board members (collectively, the “Individual Defendants”), and naming the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint alleges that the Company made false and/or misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO and that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or allowing the Company to make such statements. The complaint alleges that the Company has been damaged by the alleged wrongful conduct as a result of, among other things, being subjected to the time and expense of the securities class action lawsuits that have been filed relating to the IPO. In addition to a claim for alleged breach of fiduciary duties, the lawsuit alleges claims against the Individual Defendants for unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets. The parties have stipulated to a stay of this proceeding pending the filing of an answer or a dismissal in the remaining of the Tennessee State Court Cases or the Federal Court Cases. This matter is in the preliminary stages of litigation and discovery has not yet begun. We are currently not able to predict the probable outcome or to reasonably estimate a range of potential losses, if any. We believe the allegations made in the complaint are without merit and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in these matters. Independent Contractor Class Action On March 26, 2019, a putative class action complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee against us and our subsidiaries U.S. Xpress, Inc. and U.S. Xpress Leasing, Inc. The putative class includes all individuals who performed work for U.S. Xpress, Inc. or U.S. Xpress Leasing, Inc. as lease drivers from March 26, 2016 to present. The complaint alleges that independent contractors are improperly designated as such and should be designated as employees and thus subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”). The complaint further alleges that U.S. Xpress, Inc.’s pay practices with regard to the putative class members violated the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA for the period from March 26, 2016 to present. The complaint further alleges that we violated the requirements of the Truth in Leasing Act with regard to the independent contractor agreements and lease purchase agreements we entered into with the putative class members. The complaint further alleges that we failed to comply with the terms of the independent contractor agreements and lease purchase agreements entered into with the putative class members, that we violated the provisions of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act in advertising, describing and marketing the lease purchase program to the putative class members, and that we were unjustly enriched as a result of the foregoing allegations. The defendants filed a Motion to Compel Arbitration on October 18, 2019. On January 17, 2020, the court granted defendants’ motion, in part, compelling arbitration on all of plaintiff’s claims and denying plaintiff’s motion for conditional certification of a collective action. The court further stayed the matter pending arbitration, rather than dismissing it entirely. There has been no discovery in this matter, and we are currently not able to predict the probable outcome or to reasonably estimate a range of potential losses, if any. We believe the allegations made in the complaint are without merit and intend to defend ourselves vigorously against the complaints relating to such actions. The Company has letters of credit of $32.7 million outstanding as of December 31, 2019. The letters of credit are maintained primarily to support the Company’s insurance program. The Company had cancelable commitments outstanding at December 31, 2019 to acquire revenue equipment for approximately $111.2 million in 2020. These purchase commitments are expected to be financed by operating leases, long-term debt, proceeds from sales of existing equipment, and cash flows from operations.

Share-based Compensation

Share-based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Share-based Compensation	13. Share-based Compensation 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan In June 2018, the Board approved the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) to become effective in connection with the offering. The Company has reserved an aggregate of 3.2 million shares of its Class A common stock for issuance of awards under the Incentive Plan. Participants in the Incentive Plan will be selected by the Compensation Committee from the executive officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. Awards under the Incentive Plan may be made in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards, performance units, and any other form established by the Compensation Committee pursuant to the Incentive Plan. The following is a summary of the Incentive Plan restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity from June 13, 2018 to December 31, 2019: Weighted Number of Average Grant Units Date Fair Value Unvested at June 13, 2018 — $ — Granted 287,232 14.30 Forfeited (16,490) 16.00 Unvested at December 31, 2018 270,742 $ 14.20 Granted 902,285 7.53 Vested (125,621) 11.42 Forfeited (139,318) 9.17 Unvested at December 31, 2019 908,088 $ 8.73 Service based restricted stock grants vest over periods of one to five years and account for 648,088 of the unvested shares. Performance based awards account for 260,000 of the unvested shares and vest based upon achievement of certain performance goals, as defined by the Company. The Company recognized compensation expense related to service based awards of $2.2 million and $1.0 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognized compensation expense of $0.3 million related to performance awards. At December 31, 2019, the Company had $4.3 million in unrecognized compensation expense related to the service based restricted stock awards which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.6 years. The following is a summary of the Incentive Plan stock option activity from June 13, 2018 to December 31, 2019: Weighted Number of Average Grant Units Date Fair Value Unvested at June 13, 2018 — $ Granted 192,203 6.09 Forfeited/Canceled (14,943) 6.09 Unvested at December 31, 2018 177,260 $ 6.09 Granted 244,785 4.41 Vested (44,312) 6.09 Forfeited/Canceled (18,474) 6.09 Unvested at December 31, 2019 359,259 $ 4.95 The stock options vest over a period of four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. The Company recognized compensation expense of $0.6 million and $0.3 million during 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fair value of the stock option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes method as of the grant date using the following assumptions: 2019 2018 Strike price $ 9.40 $ Risk-free interest rate 2.50 % % Expected dividend yield 0 % % Expected volatility 45.65 % % Expected term (in years) 6.25 At December 31, 2019, the Company had $1.2 million in unrecognized compensation expense related to the stock option awards which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.9 years. As of December 31, 2019, 38,155 options were exercisable with an exercise price of $16.00 and a remaining contractual life of 8.5 years. Stock Appreciation Rights In June 2015, the Company approved the 2015 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan. The purpose of the plan was to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility and to provide incentive to employees to promote the success of the Company’s business. Each holder of an award had the right to receive a cash payment amounting to the difference between the grant price and the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the exercise date. These awards were subject to time-based and performance-based vesting conditions. For each grant, the number of shares awarded was determined based on a performance condition relating to certain financial results of the Company. Awards granted vested ratably over a service period of 5 years. The awards were accounted for as liability classified compensatory awards under ASC 710 and valued using the intrinsic value method, as permitted by ASC 718 for nonpublic entities, with changes to the value recognized as compensation expense during each reporting period. In conjunction with the offering, the Company vested all remaining stock appreciation rights (“SARS”) and settled the resulting liabilities related thereto. As a result, the Company recorded additional compensation expense in the amount of $3.2 million in the second quarter of 2018. The following is a summary of the Company’s SARS activity for 2018 and 2017: Number of Grant Date Units Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2016 72,500 9.95 Granted — — Exercised (2,175) 9.95 Canceled or expired (5,075) 9.95 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 65,250 9.95 Granted — — Exercised (63,250) 9.95 Canceled or expired (2,000) 9.95 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 — — The Company recognized compensation expense of $3.4 million and $0.3 million during 2018 and 2017, respectively. Restricted Stock Units In August 2008, the U.S. Xpress Enterprises board approved the 2008 Restricted Stock Plan that provided for restricted membership unit awards in New Mountain Lake in order to compensate the Company’s employees and to promote the success of the Company’s business. Redeemable restricted units were subject to certain put rights at the option of the holder or upon the occurrence of an event that was not solely under the control of the Company. Under the terms of the stock plan, a portion of the units held by employees of the Company for at least nine months could be put back to the Company at the option of the holder during a specified period each year and under certain circumstances after termination. These equity instruments were redeemable at fair value and were classified as temporary equity on the 2017 consolidated balance sheets in accordance with ASC 480. As part of the Reorganization (see Note 1), all of the redeemable restricted units of New Mountain Lake were converted into restricted stock units of the Company, with the same vesting schedules. Therefore, we refer to redeemable restricted units issued prior to the Reorganization as restricted stock units. At the time of conversion, the restricted stock unit amounts were reclassified to additional paid in capital. The following is a summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity for 2019, 2018 and 2017: Number of Weighted Units Average Unvested at December 31, 2016 237,500 $ 6.79 Granted 292,500 10.37 Vested (69,333) 6.62 Forfeited (14,667) 7.69 Unvested at December 31, 2017 446,000 9.14 Granted — — Vested-pre IPO (105,307) 7.74 Forfeited-pre IPO (6,667) 7.52 Unvested at June 13, 2018 334,026 9.62 Conversion in connection with IPO 4.6666667 Unvested-post IPO 1,558,787 2.06 Vested-post IPO (144,667) 2.67 Forfeited-post IPO (12,446) 1.99 Unvested at December 31, 2018 1,401,674 2.00 Vested (454,893) 1.70 Forfeited (103,893) 2.15 Unvested at December 31, 2019 842,888 $ 2.14 The vesting schedule for these restricted unit grants range from 3 to 7 years. The Company recognized compensation expense of $0.5 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million during 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $1.4 million in unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted units, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 3.9 years. The fair value of the restricted units and corresponding compensation expense was determined using the income approach. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In June 2018, our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) became effective. The Company has reserved an aggregate of 2.3 million shares of its Class A common stock for issuance of under the ESPP. Eligible employees may elect to purchase shares of our Class A common stock through payroll deductions up to 15% of eligible compensation. The purchase price of the shares during each offering period will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the first trading day of each offering period or the last trading day of the offering period. The common stock will be purchased in January and July of each year. The first offering period commenced on January 1, 2019 and we recognized compensation expense of $0.2 million during 2019, associated with the plan. In July 2019, employees purchased 79,940 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock for $4.37 per share.

Employee Benefit Plan

Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]
Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans, Other than Share-based Compensation [Text Block]	14. Employee Benefit Plan The Company has a 401(k) retirement plan covering substantially all employees of the Company, whereby participants may contribute a percentage of their compensation, as allowed under applicable laws. The Plan provides for discretionary matching contributions by the Company. Participants are 100% vested in participant contributions. The Company recognized $2.3 million, $1.7 million and $1.7 million in expense under this employee benefit plan each year for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan that allows eligible employees to defer a portion of their compensation. Participants can defer up to 85% of their base salary and up to 100% of their bonus for the year. Each participant is fully vested in all deferred compensation and earnings; however, these amounts are subject to general creditor claims until distributed to the participant. The total liability under the deferred compensation plan was $3.3 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and is included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company purchased life insurance policies to fund the future liability. The life insurance policies had a value of $2.8 million and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively and are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. During 2018, the Company recorded a death benefit gain of $4.0 million for one of its insured.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	15. Fair Value Measurements Accounting standards, among other things, define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value and expand disclosure about such fair value measurements. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of three valuation techniques provided for in the standards. The standards clarify that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset, based on the highest and best use of the asset, or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for evaluating such assumptions, the standards establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1 Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market is defined as a market in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 2 Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active (markets with few transactions), inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.), and inputs that derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs). Level 3 Unobservable inputs, only used to the extent that observable inputs are not available, reflect the Company’s assumptions about the pricing of an asset or liability. The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017(in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of year $ 1,793 $ 1,985 $ 2,683 Divesture of Xpress Internacional (1,793) — — Forward Contract Adjustment — (192) (698) Balance at end of period $ — $ 1,793 $ 1,985 During 2016, the Company purchased a 5% interest in Xpress Internacional for $2.2 million and had a commitment to purchase the remaining 5% interest no later than 2020, based on an earnings calculation. The obligation was considered a physically settled forward contract and the commitment liability was included in other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the accompanying balance sheets. In January 2019, the Company disposed of its interest in Xpress Internacional and the commitment was reclassified to long term liabilities associated with assets held for sale at December 31, 2018. This liability is classified as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy and is based on earnings calculation. The carrying amount of this commitment is accreted through interest to equal the settlement amount at each reporting date. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, customer and other receivables and accounts payable are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short maturity of these financial instruments. Interest rates that are currently available to us for issuance of long-term debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value of our long-term debt, which primarily consists of revenue equipment installment notes. The fair value of our revenue equipment installment notes approximated the carrying value at December 31, 2019, as the weighted average interest rate on these notes approximates the market rate for similar debt. Borrowings under our revolving Credit Facility approximate fair average interest rate on these notes approximates the market rate for similar debt.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Income (Loss) Per Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Earnings per share
Income (Loss) Per Share	16. Income (Loss) per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Prior to the offering, there were no common stock equivalents which could have had a dilutive effect on earnings (loss) per share. The Company excluded 2,148,390 and 448,002 equity awards from our diluted shares for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively as inclusion would be anti-dilutive. The following is a summary of the Incentive Plan restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity from June 13, 2018 to December 31, 2019: Year Ended December 31, 2109 2108 2017 Net income (loss) $ (3,043) $ 26,106 $ (3,937) Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 604 1,207 123 Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ (3,647) $ 24,899 $ (4,060) Basic weighted average of outstanding shares of common stock 48,788 29,470 6,385 Dilutive effect of equity awards — 663 — Diluted weighted average of outstanding shares of common stock 48,788 30,133 6,385 Basic earnings (loss) per share $ (0.07) $ 0.84 $ (0.64) Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ (0.07) $ 0.83 $ (0.64)

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	17. Segment Information The Company’s business is organized into two reportable segments, Truckload and Brokerage. The Truckload segment offers asset-based truckload services, including OTR trucking and dedicated contract services. These services are aggregated because they have similar economic characteristics and meet the aggregation criteria described in the accounting guidance for segment reporting. The Company’s OTR service offering provides solo and expedited team services through one-way movements of freight over routes throughout the United States and cross-border into and out of Mexico. The Company’s dedicated contract service offering devotes the use of equipment to specific customers and provides services through long-term contracts. The Company’s dedicated contract service offering provides similar freight transportation services, but does so pursuant to agreements where it makes equipment, drivers and on-site personnel available to a specific customer to address needs for committed capacity and service levels. The Company’s Brokerage segment is principally engaged in non-asset-based freight brokerage services, where it outsources the transportation of loads to third-party carriers. For this segment, the Company relies on brokerage employees to procure third-party carriers, as well as information systems to match loads and carriers. The following table summarizes our segment information (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Revenues Truckload $ 1,521,494 $ 1,562,098 $ 1,382,167 Brokerage 185,867 242,817 173,218 Total Operating Revenue $ 1,707,361 $ 1,804,915 $ 1,555,385 Operating Income Truckload $ 24,071 $ 69,088 $ 25,200 Brokerage 1,999 9,818 3,408 Total Operating Income $ 26,070 $ 78,906 $ 28,608 A measure of assets is not applicable, as segment assets are not regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) for evaluating performance or allocating resources. Information about the geographic areas in which the Company conducts business is summarized below (in thousands) as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Operating revenues for foreign countries include revenues for (i) shipments with an origin or destination in that country and (ii) other services provided in that country. If both the origin and destination are in a foreign country, the revenues are attributed to the country of origin. As of December 31, 2018, the long-lived assets of our Mexican operations were impaired to a balance of $0. Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Revenues United States $ 1,704,989 $ 1,751,556 $ 1,504,926 Foreign countries Mexico 2,372 53,359 50,459 Total $ 1,707,361 $ 1,804,915 $ 1,555,385

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaud

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Quarterly Financial Information [Text Block]	18. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) 2019: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Operating revenues $ 415,363 $ 413,862 $ 428,503 $ 449,633 Operating income 12,638 8,787 3,282 1,363 Net income (loss) (1) 4,721 2,672 (1,446) (9,594) Basic earnings (loss) per share 0.10 0.05 (0.03) (0.20) Diluted earnings (loss) per share 0.10 0.05 (0.03) (0.20) 2018: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Operating revenues $ 425,708 $ 449,758 $ 460,227 $ 469,222 Operating income (2) 14,854 20,018 22,892 21,142 Net income (2) (3) 1,159 615 16,129 6,996 Basic earnings per share 0.18 0.04 0.33 0.14 Diluted earnings per share 0.18 0.04 0.33 0.14 (1) (2) (3)

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material. Significant estimates include useful lives of property and equipment and related salvage value, claims reserves for liability and workers’ compensation claims and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investment instruments with an original maturity of three months or less.
Customer Receivables and Allowances	Customer Receivables and Allowances Customer receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for uncollectible accounts and revenue adjustments. The allowances for uncollectible accounts and revenue adjustments are based on historical experience as well as any known trends or uncertainties related to customer billing and account collectability. The Company reviews the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts on a quarterly basis. Past due balances over contractual payment terms and exceeding specified amounts are reviewed individually for collectability. Receivable balances are written off when collection is deemed unlikely.
Operating Supplies	Operating Supplies Operating supplies consist primarily of parts, materials and supplies for servicing the Company’s revenue and service equipment. Operating supplies are recorded at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. Tires purchased as part of revenue and service equipment are capitalized as part of the cost of the equipment. Replacement tires are charged to expense when placed in service.
Assets Held for Sale	Assets Held for Sale Assets held for sale are comprised primarily of revenue equipment no longer being utilized in continuing operations which are available and ready for sale. Assets held for sale are no longer subject to depreciation and are recorded at the lower of depreciated book value or fair market value less selling costs. The Company expects to sell these assets within the next twelve months. At December 31, 2019, assets held for sale was comprised of revenue equipment and a terminal. At December 31, 2018, assets held for sale included revenue equipment of approximately $5.2 million and assets of a business held for sale of approximately $28.0 million. See Note 4, Divesture of Xpress International for more discussion related to the sale of our interest in Xpress Internacional S.A. de C.V. (Xpress Internacional) during January 2019.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for tax purposes over the estimated useful lives of the related assets (net of salvage values ranging from 25.0% to 50.0% of revenue equipment). The Company periodically evaluates the estimated useful lives and salvage values of its revenue equipment, due to changes in business needs and expected usage of the equipment. Upon the retirement of property and equipment, the related asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are expensed. Renewals or betterments that affect the nature of an asset or increase its useful life are capitalized.
Leases	Leases We determine if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception and perform an analysis to determine whether the lease is an operating lease or a finance lease. We measure right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments. As most of our leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, we estimate an incremental borrowing rate based on the credit quality of the Company and by comparing interest rates available in the market for similar borrowings, and adjusting this amount based on the impact of collateral over the term of each lease. We use this rate to discount the remaining lease payments in measuring the ROU asset and lease liability. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. We recognize lease expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For our finance leases, we recognize amortization expense from the amortization of the ROU asset and interest expense on the related lease liability. We do not separate lease and nonlease components of contracts, except for certain leased information technology assets that are embedded within various service agreements. The lease components included in those agreements are included in the ROU asset and lease liability, and the amounts are not significant. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Impairment of Long Lived Assets	Impairment of Long Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Expected future cash flows are used to analyze whether an impairment has occurred. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the long-lived asset, then an impairment loss is recognized. We measure the impairment loss by comparing the fair value of the asset to its carrying value. Fair value is determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis or the appraised value of the assets, as appropriate.
Goodwill	Goodwill In 2013, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment, which allows companies to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under this standard, the Company would not be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the Company determines, based on the qualitative review, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. The standard includes events and circumstances for the Company to consider when conducting the qualitative assessment. The quantitative impairment test consists of two different steps. The first step identifies potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired and the second step of the test is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value, the second step measures the impairment loss, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The Company performs an annual goodwill impairment analysis at the reporting unit level as of October 1 each year or when an event occurs which might cause or indicate impairment. The Company performed the qualitative assessment in the fourth quarter of 2019 and 2018 and concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Truckload reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount.
Intangible Assets	Intangible Assets Customer relationships are valued as part of acquisition-related transactions using the income appraisal methodology. The income appraisal methodology includes a determination of the present value of future monetary benefits to be derived from the anticipated income, or ownership, of the subject asset. The value of customer relationships includes the value expected to be realized from existing contracts as well as from expected renewals of such contracts and is calculated using unweighted and weighted total undiscounted cash flows as part of the income appraisal methodology. Customer relationships are amortized over seven to fifteen years. The Company tests intangible assets with definite lives for impairment if conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. There was no impairment of customer relationships in 2019 and 2018. Trade names are valued based on various factors including the projected revenue stream associated with the intangible asset. The Company’s trade names have an indefinite life and are not amortized. In the fourth quarter of 2019 and 2018, the Company performed the qualitative assessment of its trade name assets and concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the assets is greater than its carrying amount. Therefore, the Company concluded it was not necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test.
Book Overdraft	Book Overdraft Book overdraft represents outstanding checks in excess of current cash levels. The Company funds its book overdraft from its line of credit and operating cash flows.
Deferred Financing Costs	Deferred Financing Costs The Company presents debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the related debt, consistent with debt discounts. Debt issuance costs associated with revolving line-of-credit arrangements are presented as an asset. All such debt issuance costs are amortized ratably over the term of the arrangement. Term loan debt issuance costs excluding original issue discount, net of accumulated amortization were $1.2 million and $1.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Revolver gross debt issuance costs were $1.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, offset by accumulated amortization of $0.5 million and $0.2 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Debt issuance cost amortization expense excluding original issue discount was $0.3 million, $1.6 million and $3.4 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Recognition of Revenue	Recognition of Revenue The Company generates revenues primarily from shipments executed by the Company’s Truckload and Brokerage operations. Those shipments are the Company’s performance obligations, arising under contracts we have entered into with customers. Under such contracts, revenue is recognized when obligations are satisfied, which occurs over time with the transit of shipments from origin to destination. This is appropriate as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Company performs its obligation. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. The most significant judgment used in recognition of revenue is the determination of miles driven as the basis for determining the amount of revenue to be recognized for partially fulfilled obligations. Accessorial charges for fuel surcharge, loading and unloading, stop charges, and other immaterial charges are part of the consideration we receive for the single performance obligation of delivering shipments. Contracts entered into with our customers do not contain material financing components. The majority of revenue contracts with our customers have a duration of one year or less and do not require any significant start-up costs, and as such, costs incurred to obtain contracts associated with these contracts are expensed as incurred. For contracts with durations exceeding one year, incremental start-up costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight line basis over the contract period which materially represents the period of revenue generation. Incremental capitalized start-up costs totaled $3.2 million and $3.3 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense associated with our start up costs was $1.5 million and $1.2 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Through the Company’s Brokerage operations, the Company outsources the transportation of the loads to third-party carriers. The Company is a principal in these arrangements, and therefore records revenue associated with these contracts on a gross basis. The Company has the primary responsibility to meet the customer’s requirements. The Company invoices and collects from its customers and also maintains discretion over pricing. Additionally, the Company is responsible for selection of third-party transportation providers to the extent used to satisfy customer freight requirements. The timing of revenue recognition, billings, cash collections, and allowance for doubtful accounts results in billed and unbilled receivables on our consolidated balance sheet. The Company receives the unconditional right to bill when shipments are delivered to their destination. We generally receive payment within 40 days of completion of performance obligations. Unbilled receivables recorded on the consolidated balance sheet were $2.7 million and $2.9 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively and are included in customer receivables in the consolidated balance sheets.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets based on whether it believes that it is more likely than not all deferred tax assets will be realized. A consideration of future taxable income is made as well as on-going prudent feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for valuation allowances. In the event it is determined all or part of a deferred tax asset would not be able to be realized, management would record an adjustment to the deferred tax asset and recognize a charge against income at that time. The Company’s estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to its assessment of relevant risks, facts and circumstances existing at that time. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, and records a liability when such uncertainties meet the more likely than not recognition threshold. Potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Concentrations of credit risk with respect to customer receivables are limited due to the large number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across many different industries. Revenues from the Company’s largest customer accounted for 12.3% of total consolidated revenues before fuel surcharge during 2019. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations and generally does not require collateral.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company has stock-based compensation plans that provide for grants of equity to its management in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards, performance units, and any other form established by the Compensation Committee. Stock-based compensation is recognized over the period for which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock-based compensation expense is included in salaries, wages, and benefits in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Claims and Insurance Accruals	Claims and Insurance Accruals Claims and insurance accruals consist of cargo loss, physical damage, group health, liability (personal injury and property damage) and workers’ compensation claims and associated legal and other expenses within the Company’s established retention levels. Claims in excess of retention levels are generally covered by insurance in amounts the Company considers adequate. Claims accruals represent the uninsured portion of the loss and if we are the primary obligor, the insured portion of pending claims at December 31, 2019 and 2018, plus an estimated liability for incurred but not reported claims and the associated expense. Accruals for cargo loss, physical damage, group health, liability and workers’ compensation claims are estimated based on the Company’s evaluation of the type and severity of individual claims and future development based on historical trends. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount recorded for both workers’ compensation and auto liability were based in part upon actuarial studies performed by a third-party actuary. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had a claim accrual and corresponding receivable for the amount above its self-insured retention of $0.4 million, which the Company believes should be sufficient to resolve the remaining claims. The Company believes the insurers will provide their portion of the remaining claims.
Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards	Recently Issued Accounting Standards In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments -Credit Losses (Topic 326) amending how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance requires the application of a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company believes the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on its financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment testing process. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount. Under the new standard, a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying value of a reporting unit over its fair value. The provisions of this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the pronouncement and does not expect the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. On December 18, 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which modifies ASC 740 to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company has not early adopted this guidance and will continue to evaluate the impact on its financial statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑02, “Leases (Topic 842),” and has subsequently issued supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs (collectively “ASC 842”), in order to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. We adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective approach and applied the transition provisions with an effective date as of January 1, 2019 for leases that existed on that date. Prior period results continue to be presented under ASC 840 based on the accounting originally in effect for such periods. We elected the “package of practical expedients” under ASC 842 which permits us to not reassess our historical assessments of (1) whether contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification and (3) initial direct costs. We also elected the practical expedient to not reassess certain land easements. We did not elect the use-of-hindsight practical expedient during the transition of ASC 842. Adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recording of operating lease ROU assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities of approximately $183.0 million. The adoption of ASC 842 also resulted in increased disclosure, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. See the “Leases” section of this note and Note 10, Leases for additional information.

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]	2019 2018 2017 Domestic $ (2,848) $ 27,262 $ (27,722) Mexico 194 6,704 6,598 Income (loss) before Income Taxes $ (2,654) $ 33,966 $ (21,124)
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]	2019 2018 2017 Current Federal $ — $ (1,358) $ (31) State (325) 911 605 Mexico — 2,616 2,396 (325) 2,169 2,970 Deferred Federal (546) 5,113 (21,190) State 1,260 788 79 Mexico — (210) 954 714 5,691 (20,157) Income tax provision (benefit) $ 389 $ 7,860 $ (17,187)
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	2019 2018 2017 Federal income tax at statutory rate $ (558) $ 7,132 $ (7,437) State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 1,633 1,319 (597) Nondeductible per diem paid to drivers 1,173 1,182 2,476 Xpress Internacional activity (71) 1,616 76 Tax credits (1,341) (1,611) (970) Provision to return adjustment (138) 35 248 Valuation allowance 567 2,433 950 Foreign transition tax on deemed distribution — (30) 2,315 Global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) — 1,217 — Tax Act impact of federal rate change — — (14,723) Basis difference on assets held for sale — (2,524) — Change in reserve for uncertain tax positions and settlements (755) (3,278) 146 Affirmative issue - imputed interest expense — 1,223 (1,223) Non-taxable life insurance death benefit — (1,004) — Expiration of federal capital loss carryforward — 1,826 — Excess tax benefits on share-based compensation (459) (651) — Deferred Mexican withholding tax — (876) 876 Other, net 338 (149) 676 Income tax provision (benefit) $ 389 $ 7,860 $ (17,187)
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	2019 2018 Deferred tax assets Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 2,075 $ 1,333 Insurance and claims reserves 21,657 22,503 Compensation and employee benefits 3,394 2,973 Net operating loss and credit carryforwards 31,983 53,552 Net capital loss carryforward 4,860 — Finance lease obligations 2,660 4,782 Investment in subsidiaries 151 6,660 Operating lease liabilities 67,860 — Notes receivable reserve 2,639 — Other 231 551 Valuation allowance (6,393) (5,826) Total deferred tax assets $ 131,117 $ 86,528 Deferred tax liabilities Property and equipment $ 75,014 $ 97,073 Intangibles 7,541 8,007 Prepaid license fees 1,011 974 Right of use assets 67,958 — Other 285 452 Total deferred tax liabilities $ 151,809 $ 106,506 Net deferred tax liability $ 20,692 $ 19,978
Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]	Deferred tax valuation allowances Balance at beginning of Charges to costs Charges to other Balance at end period and expenses accounts Deductions of period Fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 $ 3,530 $ 1,081 $ — $ 1,218 $ 3,393 December 31, 2018 $ 3,393 $ 5,654 $ — $ 3,221 $ 5,826 December 31, 2019 $ 5,826 $ 1,839 $ — $ 1,272 $ 6,393
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]	2019 2018 2017 Beginning balance $ 829 $ 5,506 $ 5,200 Additions based on tax positions taken in prior years 829 306 Reductions due to settlements (829) Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations (5,506) — Balance at December 31 $ — $ 829 $ 5,506

Divesture of Xpress Internaci_2

Divesture of Xpress Internacional (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Schedule of assets and liabilities held for sale	Total current assets of business held for sale $ 28,038 Property, plant and equipment 10,635 Other assets 994 Total disposal group assets held for sale $ 39,667 Total current liabilities associated with assets held for sale $ 6,856 Long-term liabilities associated with assets held for sale 8,353 Total liabilities associated with assets of business held for sale $ 15,209 Held for sale impairment charge 11,629 Fair value of disposal group held for sale $ 12,829

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]	Approximate Cost Lives 2019 2018 Land and land improvements $ 15,229 $ 22,130 Buildings and building improvements 10 − 40 years 56,008 85,317 Revenue and service equipment 3 − 15 years 645,808 648,648 Furniture and equipment 3 − 7 years 48,682 47,482 Leasehold improvements lesser of useful life or lease terms 24,324 23,027 Computer software 1 − 7 years 90,050 71,926 $ 880,101 $ 898,530

Intangible Assets (Tables)

Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Schedule of amortization expense related to intangible assets	Customer Relationship 2020 1,679 2021 1,393 2022 345 2023 345 2024 115 Thereafter — $ 3,877

Equity Investments (Tables)

Equity Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Summarized financial information for investments	As of December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 Current assets 12,976 23,325 Non-current assets 14,704 29,297 Total Assets 27,680 52,622 Current liabilities 34,302 54,733 Non-current liabilities 62,058 83,085 Total Liabilities 96,360 137,818 Net Liabilities $ (68,680) $ (85,196) For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Total operating revenue $ 115,501 $ 158,414 $ 243,311 Operating expenses 122,459 151,523 247,384 Operating income (loss) (6,958) 6,891 (4,073) Net loss $ (12,512) $ (3,679) $ (12,023)

Long-term Debt (Tables)

Long-term Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]	December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Line of credit, maturing June 2023 $ — $ — Term loan agreement, interest rate of 4.3% and 4.8% at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, maturing June 2023 150,000 195,000 Revenue equipment installment notes with finance companies, weighted average interest rate of 4.7% and 5.0% at December 31, 2019 and 2018, due in monthly installments with final maturities at various dates through February 2026, secured by related revenue equipment with a net book value of $220.4 million and $197.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 208,252 184,867 Mortgage note payables, interest rates ranging from 6.26% to 6.99% at December 31, 2019 and 2018 due in monthly installments with final maturities at various dates through September 2031, secured by real estate with a net book value of $20.2 million and $24.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018 17,776 18,861 Other 8,795 6,872 384,823 405,600 Less: Debt issuance costs (1,223) (1,347) Less: Current maturities of long-term debt (75,596) (106,383) $ 308,004 $ 297,870
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Table Text Block]	2020 $ 75,596 2021 42,602 2022 61,874 2023 179,403 2024 3,904 Thereafter 21,444 $ 384,823

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Components of Lease Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	Leases Classification December 31, 2019 Assets Operating Operating lease right-of-use assets $ 276,618 Finance Property and equipment, net 13,641 Total leased assets $ 290,259 Liabilities Current Operating Current portion of operating lease liabilities $ 69,866 Finance Current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases 4,651 Noncurrent Operating Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 206,357 Finance Long-term debt and finance leases, net of current maturities 6,570 Total lease liabilities $ 287,444
Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]	Year Ended Lease Cost Classification December 31, 2019 Operating lease cost Vehicle rents and General and other operating $ 81,467 Finance lease cost: Amortization of finance lease assets Depreciation and amortization 3,102 Interest on lease liabilities Interest expense 1,093 Short-term lease cost General and other operating 4,111 Total lease cost $ 89,773
Schedule of Leases Cash Flow Information [Table Text Block]	Year Ended December Cash Flow Information 31, 2019 Cash paid for operating leases included in operating activities $ 81,467 Cash paid for finance leases included in operating activities $ 1,093 Cash paid for finance leases included in financing activities $ 9,049 Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $ 170,855 Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities relieved in conjunction with divesture of Xpress Internacional $ 2,018
Lease, Term and Discount Rate [Table Text Block]	Weighted‑Average Weighted- Remaining Lease Average Lease Term and Discount Rate Term (years) Discount Rate Operating leases 5.0 4.4 % Finance leases 3.3 5.4 %
Operating and Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]	December 31, 2019 Finance Operating 2020 $ 5,217 $ 80,628 2021 4,081 71,656 2022 1,423 59,215 2023 1,423 43,588 2024 296 20,245 Thereafter — 35,523 12,440 310,855 Less: Amount representing interest (1,219) (34,632) Total $ 11,221 $ 276,223

Share-based Compensation (Table

Share-based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Nonvested Restricted Stock Shares Activity [Table Text Block]	Weighted Number of Average Grant Units Date Fair Value Unvested at June 13, 2018 — $ — Granted 287,232 14.30 Forfeited (16,490) 16.00 Unvested at December 31, 2018 270,742 $ 14.20 Granted 902,285 7.53 Vested (125,621) 11.42 Forfeited (139,318) 9.17 Unvested at December 31, 2019 908,088 $ 8.73
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]	Weighted Number of Average Grant Units Date Fair Value Unvested at June 13, 2018 — $ Granted 192,203 6.09 Forfeited/Canceled (14,943) 6.09 Unvested at December 31, 2018 177,260 $ 6.09 Granted 244,785 4.41 Vested (44,312) 6.09 Forfeited/Canceled (18,474) 6.09 Unvested at December 31, 2019 359,259 $ 4.95
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]	2019 2018 Strike price $ 9.40 $ Risk-free interest rate 2.50 % % Expected dividend yield 0 % % Expected volatility 45.65 % % Expected term (in years) 6.25
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights Award Activity [Table Text Block]	Number of Grant Date Units Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2016 72,500 9.95 Granted — — Exercised (2,175) 9.95 Canceled or expired (5,075) 9.95 Outstanding at December 31, 2017 65,250 9.95 Granted — — Exercised (63,250) 9.95 Canceled or expired (2,000) 9.95 Outstanding at December 31, 2018 — —
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]	Number of Weighted Units Average Unvested at December 31, 2016 237,500 $ 6.79 Granted 292,500 10.37 Vested (69,333) 6.62 Forfeited (14,667) 7.69 Unvested at December 31, 2017 446,000 9.14 Granted — — Vested-pre IPO (105,307) 7.74 Forfeited-pre IPO (6,667) 7.52 Unvested at June 13, 2018 334,026 9.62 Conversion in connection with IPO 4.6666667 Unvested-post IPO 1,558,787 2.06 Vested-post IPO (144,667) 2.67 Forfeited-post IPO (12,446) 1.99 Unvested at December 31, 2018 1,401,674 2.00 Vested (454,893) 1.70 Forfeited (103,893) 2.15 Unvested at December 31, 2019 842,888 $ 2.14

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of year $ 1,793 $ 1,985 $ 2,683 Divesture of Xpress Internacional (1,793) — — Forward Contract Adjustment — (192) (698) Balance at end of period $ — $ 1,793 $ 1,985

Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables

Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Earnings per share
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]	Year Ended December 31, 2109 2108 2017 Net income (loss) $ (3,043) $ 26,106 $ (3,937) Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 604 1,207 123 Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ (3,647) $ 24,899 $ (4,060) Basic weighted average of outstanding shares of common stock 48,788 29,470 6,385 Dilutive effect of equity awards — 663 — Diluted weighted average of outstanding shares of common stock 48,788 30,133 6,385 Basic earnings (loss) per share $ (0.07) $ 0.84 $ (0.64) Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ (0.07) $ 0.83 $ (0.64)

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated [Table Text Block]	Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Revenues Truckload $ 1,521,494 $ 1,562,098 $ 1,382,167 Brokerage 185,867 242,817 173,218 Total Operating Revenue $ 1,707,361 $ 1,804,915 $ 1,555,385 Operating Income Truckload $ 24,071 $ 69,088 $ 25,200 Brokerage 1,999 9,818 3,408 Total Operating Income $ 26,070 $ 78,906 $ 28,608
Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Table Text Block]	Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Revenues United States $ 1,704,989 $ 1,751,556 $ 1,504,926 Foreign countries Mexico 2,372 53,359 50,459 Total $ 1,707,361 $ 1,804,915 $ 1,555,385

Quarterly Financial Data (Una_2

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Quarterly Financial Information [Table Text Block]	2019: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Operating revenues $ 415,363 $ 413,862 $ 428,503 $ 449,633 Operating income 12,638 8,787 3,282 1,363 Net income (loss) (1) 4,721 2,672 (1,446) (9,594) Basic earnings (loss) per share 0.10 0.05 (0.03) (0.20) Diluted earnings (loss) per share 0.10 0.05 (0.03) (0.20) 2018: First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Operating revenues $ 425,708 $ 449,758 $ 460,227 $ 469,222 Operating income (2) 14,854 20,018 22,892 21,142 Net income (2) (3) 1,159 615 16,129 6,996 Basic earnings per share 0.18 0.04 0.33 0.14 Diluted earnings per share 0.18 0.04 0.33 0.14 (1) (2) (3)

Organization and Operations (De

Organization and Operations (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)item$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / sharesshares
Organization and Operations [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments		2
Issuance of shares (in shares)			16,668,000
Proceeds from IPO | $	$ 246.6
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		9,333,333
Class A common stock
Organization and Operations [Line Items]
Number of shares issued per share in reorganization	4.6666667
Votes per share | item	1
Issuance of shares (in shares)	16,668,000
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 16
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)		140,000,000	140,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Class B [Member]
Organization and Operations [Line Items]
Number of shares issued per share in reorganization	4.6666667
Votes per share | item	5
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)		35,000,000	35,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
New Mountain Lake Holdings, LLC [Member] | US Xpress Enterprises Inc [Member]
Organization and Operations [Line Items]
Ownership by parent (as a percent)			100.00%

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Fair value of assets held for sale		$ 5,200
Debt Issuance Costs, Net [Abstract]
Debt issuance costs, net	$ 1,223	1,347
Amortization of debt issuance costs	300	1,600	$ 3,400
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]
Capitalized contract cost, net	3,200	3,300
Amortization expense	$ 1,500	1,200
Accounts receivable collection period	40 days
Contract with customer, asset, net	$ 2,700	2,900
Term Loan [Member]
Debt Issuance Costs, Net [Abstract]
Debt issuance costs, gross	1,200	1,300
Revolving and Term Loan Facility [Member]
Debt Issuance Costs, Net [Abstract]
Debt issuance costs, gross	1,500	1,500
Accumulated amortization, debt issuance	500	200
Customer Relationships [Member]
Impairment of Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Impairment of intangible assets	$ 0
Minimum [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Salvage value (as a percent)	25.00%
Minimum [Member] | Customer Relationships [Member]
Impairment of Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Intangible asset, useful life	7 years
Maximum [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Salvage value (as a percent)	50.00%
Maximum [Member] | Customer Relationships [Member]
Impairment of Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Intangible asset, useful life	15 years
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member] | Xpress Internacional
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Total current assets of business held for sale		$ 28,038

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Income taxes, etc. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Product Information [Line Items]
Self-insurance amount retained	$ 0.4	$ 0.4
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Largest Customer [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	12.30%

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recently Issued and Adopted Standards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Lease, Practical Expedients, Package [true false]	true
Lease, Practical Expedient, Land Easement [true false]	true
Lease, Practical Expedient, Use of Hindsight [true false]	false
Operating leased asset		$ 276,618
Operating lease liability		276,223
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit), Ending Balance	$ (17,335)	$ (20,982)
Restatement Adjustment [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating leased asset			$ 183,000
Operating lease liability			$ 183,000

Income Taxes - Components of Ea

Income Taxes - Components of Earnings (Loss) Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Earnings, domestic	$ (2,848)	$ 27,262	$ (27,722)
Earnings, Mexico	194	6,704	6,598
Income (loss) before Income Taxes	(2,654)	33,966	(21,124)
Income tax provision (benefit)	$ 389	$ 7,860	$ (17,187)

Income Taxes - Income Tax Expen

Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current, Federal		$ (1,358)	$ (31)
Current, State	$ (325)	911	605
Current, Mexico		2,616	2,396
Total Current	(325)	2,169	2,970
Deferred, Federal	(546)	5,113	(21,190)
Deferred, State	1,260	788	79
Deferred, Mexico		(210)	954
Total Deferred	714	5,691	(20,156)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 389	$ 7,860	$ (17,187)

Income Taxes - Reconciliation o

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Benefit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory income tax rate, as a percent	21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Federal income tax at statutory rate	$ (558)	$ 7,132	$ (7,437)
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	1,633	1,319	(597)
Nondeductible per diem paid to drivers	1,173	1,182	2,476
Xpress Internacional activity	(71)	1,616	76
Tax credits	(1,341)	(1,611)	(970)
Provision to return adjustment	(138)	35	248
Valuation allowance	567	2,433	950
Foreign transition tax on deemed distribution		(30)	2,315
Global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI)		1,217
Tax Act impact of federal rate change			(14,723)
Basis difference on assets held for sale		(2,524)
Change in reserve for uncertain tax positions and settlements	(755)	(3,278)	146
Affirmative issue - imputed interest expense		1,223	(1,223)
Non-taxable life insurance death benefit		(1,004)
Expiration of federal capital loss carryforward		1,826
Excess tax benefits on share-based compensation	(459)	(651)
Deferred Mexican withholding tax		(876)	876
Other, net	338	(149)	676
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	389	7,860	(17,187)
Adjustment to original provision for Tax Cut and Jobs Act		$ 200
Deferred tax liability, foreign undistributed earnings	$ 0		$ 900

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Ass

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 2,075	$ 1,333
Insurance and claims reserves	21,657	22,503
Compensation and employee benefits	3,394	2,973
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards	31,983	53,552
Net federal capital loss carryforward	4,860
Finance lease obligations	2,660	4,782
Investment in subsidiaries	151	6,660
Operating lease liabilities	67,860
Notes receivable reserve	2,639
Other	231	551
Valuation allowance	(6,393)	(5,826)	$ (3,393)	$ (3,530)
Total deferred tax assets	131,117	86,528
Property and equipment	75,014	97,073
Intangibles	7,541	8,007
Prepaid license fees	1,011	974
Right of use asset	67,958
Other	285	452
Total deferred tax liabilities	151,809	106,506
Net deferred tax liability	$ 20,692	$ 19,978

Income Taxes - Loss carryforwar

Income Taxes - Loss carryforwards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Statutory income tax rate, as a percent	21.00%	21.00%	35.00%
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	$ 64.3	$ 177.7
Operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration	24.6
Operating loss carryforwards not subject to expiration	39.7
Tax credits subject to expiration	11
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount	0.5	0.6
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Total	138.8	122.3
Operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration	138.8
Tax credits subject to expiration	0.5
Capital Loss Carryforward [Member] | Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items]
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount	$ 22	$ 0

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Val

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Changes in estimated realization of deferred tax assets	$ 600	$ 2,400
Balance at Beginning Period	5,826	3,393	$ 3,530
Charge to cost and expense	1,839	5,654	1,081
Deductions	1,272	3,221	1,218
Balance at end of period	$ 6,393	$ 5,826	$ 3,393

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 829	$ 5,506	$ 5,200
Additions based on tax positions taken in prior years		829	306
Reductions due to settlements	(829)
Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations		(5,506)
Ending balance	0	829	5,506
Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions	$ 0	$ 100	$ 100

Divesture of Xpress Internaci_3

Divesture of Xpress Internacional (Details) $ in Thousands	Jan. 17, 2019USD ($)item	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Number of tractors sold | item	110
Fair value of assets held for sale				$ 5,200
Impairment of assets in disposal group			$ 6,793	12,497
Impairment of assets held for sale				(10,693)
Tractors [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Fair value of assets held for sale	$ 2,500	$ 1,700	1,700
Xpress Internacional | Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Cash proceeds	4,500
Note received in disposal	6,000		1,600
Contingent consideration received in disposal	$ 2,500
Subsequent gain			$ 800
Xpress Internacional | Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment of assets in disposal group				$ 11,629
Impairment of assets held for sale		$ 10,700
Xpress Internacional
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent	95.00%

Divesture of Xpress Internaci_4

Divesture of Xpress Internacional - Assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Liabilites associated with assets held for sale		$ 6,856
Long-term liabilities associated with assets held for sale		8,353
Impairment of assets held for sale and equity method investments and note receivable	$ 6,793	12,497
Xpress Internacional | Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Total current assets of business held for sale		28,038
Property, plant and equipment		10,635
Other assets		994
Total disposal group assets held for sale		39,667
Liabilites associated with assets held for sale		6,856
Long-term liabilities associated with assets held for sale		8,353
Total liabilities associated with assets of business held for sale		15,209
Impairment of assets held for sale and equity method investments and note receivable		11,629
Fair value of disposal group held for sale		$ 12,829

Property and Equipment - Cost a

Property and Equipment - Cost and Lives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 880,101	$ 898,530
Land and Land Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	15,229	22,130
Building and Building Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 56,008	85,317
Building and Building Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	10 years
Building and Building Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	40 years
Revenue and service equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 645,808	648,648
Revenue and service equipment | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	3 years
Revenue and service equipment | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	15 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 48,682	47,482
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	3 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	7 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 24,324	23,027
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 90,050	$ 71,926
Computer software | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	1 year
Computer software | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Lives (Year)	7 years

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation	$ 84,600	$ 85,900	$ 86,000
Losses on sale of equipment	3,853	7,123	2,029
Finance leases, cost, post-adoption	29,500
Capitalized leases, cost, pre-adoption		39,500
Finance leases, accumulated amortization, post-adoption	15,900
Capitalized leases, accumulated amortization, pre-adoption		18,100
Capitalized computer software, amortization	4,100	3,100	$ 3,800
Capitalized computer software, accumulated amortization	$ 64,200	$ 60,200
Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finance lease Term	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finance lease Term	15 years
Revenue and service equipment | Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finance lease Term	24 months
Revenue and service equipment | Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finance lease Term	100 months

Goodwill (Details)

Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 57,708	$ 57,708
Truckload Segment [Member] | U. S. Xpress Reporting Unit [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	52,800	52,800
Truckload Segment [Member] | Total Transportation Of Mississippi [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 4,900	$ 4,900

Intangible Assets (Details)

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Trade names, carrying value	$ 23.3	$ 23.3
Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets at cost	21.7	21.7
Amortization expense	1.7	1.8	$ 1.6
Accumulated amortization	$ 17.8	$ 16.1
Amortization period	3 years 3 months 18 days	4 years

Intangible Assets - Future Amor

Intangible Assets - Future Amortization Expense (Details) - Customer Relationships [Member] $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020	$ 1,679
2021	1,393
2022	345
2023	345
2024	115
Total amortization	$ 3,877

Equity Investments (Details)

Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 02, 2013	Apr. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Apr. 13, 2015
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Impairment on extinguishment			$ 1.8
Dylka Distribuciones Logisti K [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent			30.00%	30.00%
Dylka Distribuciones Logisti K [Member] | Management Of Dylka [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent			70.00%	70.00%
Dylka Distribuciones Logisti K and XPS Logisti-K Systems [Member] | Equity Method Investee [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Working capital loan			$ 5	$ 5
Outstanding balance			4.9	4.9
Drivertech, LLC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent					20.73%
Investment carrying value			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Drivertech, LLC [Member] | Management Of US Xpress [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent					12.00%
Drivertech, LLC [Member] | Unspecified Investors [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent					67.27%
XPS Logisti-K Systems [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent			38.00%	38.00%
XPS Logisti-K Systems [Member] | Management Of Logisti-K [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent			62.00%	62.00%
XPS Logisti-K Systems [Member] | Management Of Dylka [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent			42.00%	42.00%
Parker Global Enterprises, Inc. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Investment carrying value			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Stock ownership received, as a percent	45.00%
Value of stock received	$ 10.4
Xpress Global Systems [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent			10.00%	10.00%
Investment carrying value						$ 5.2
Impairment on extinguishment				$ 0.9
Xpress Global Systems [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Stock ownership received, as a percent		10.00%
Value of stock received		$ 0.2
Xpress Global Systems [Member] | Preferred Stock [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Value of stock received		$ 5

Equity Investments - Summarized

Equity Investments - Summarized Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information, Assets [Abstract]
Current assets	$ 12,976	$ 23,325
Non-current assets	14,704	29,297
Total Assets	27,680	52,622
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information, Liabilities and Equity [Abstract]
Current liabilities	34,302	54,733
Non-current liabilities	62,058	83,085
Total Liabilities	96,360	137,818
Net liabilities	(68,680)	(85,196)
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information, Income Statement [Abstract]
Total operating revenue	115,501	158,414	$ 243,311
Operating expenses	122,459	151,523	247,384
Operating income (loss)	(6,958)	6,891	(4,073)
Net loss	$ (12,512)	$ (3,679)	$ (12,023)

Long-term Debt - Components (De

Long-term Debt - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 384,823	$ 405,600
Less: Debt issuance costs	(1,223)	(1,347)
Less: Current maturities of long-term debt	(75,596)	(106,383)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	308,004	297,870
Term Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 150,000	$ 195,000
Facility interest rate	4.30%	4.80%
Revenue equipment notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 208,252	$ 184,867
Weighted average interest rate	4.70%	5.00%
Collateral	$ 220,400	$ 197,100
Mortgages [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	17,776	18,861
Collateral	$ 20,200	$ 24,100
Mortgages [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	6.26%	6.26%
Mortgages [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	6.99%	6.99%
Other Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 8,795	$ 6,872

Long-term Debt - Credit Facilit

Long-term Debt - Credit Facilities (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 28, 2020	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding			$ 32,700,000
Long-term Debt, Total			$ 384,823,000
Credit Facility [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing base limit	$ 250,000,000
Debt Instrument, Term	5 years
Limitation on billed accounts receivable, as a percent	87.50%
Limitation on unbilled accounts receivable, as a percent	85.00%
Limitation on net book value of equipment, as a percent	85.00%
Limitation on fair market value of real estate, as a percent	80.00%
Limitation alternative to real estate	$ 25,000,000
Fixed charge coverage ratio, as a percent	100.00%
Covenant testing trigger, as a percent	10.00%
Covenant testing trigger, amount	$ 20,000,000
Credit Facility [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee, as a percent			0.25%
Credit Facility [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee, as a percent			0.35%
Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate Loans [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent			0.75%
Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate Loans [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent			1.50%
Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate Loans [Member] | Federal Funds Rate | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate, as a percent	0.50%
Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate Loans [Member] | Prime Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate, as a percent		1.25%
Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate Loans [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate, as a percent	1.00%
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent	0.50%
Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate Loans [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent	0.25%
Credit Facility [Member] | Base Rate Loans [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent	0.75%
Credit Facility [Member] | Eurodollar Rate Loans [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent			1.75%
Credit Facility [Member] | Eurodollar Rate Loans [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent			2.50%
Credit Facility [Member] | Eurodollar Rate Loans [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate, as a percent		2.25%
Credit Facility [Member] | Eurodollar Rate Loans [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent	1.50%
Credit Facility [Member] | Eurodollar Rate Loans [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent	1.25%
Credit Facility [Member] | Eurodollar Rate Loans [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Quarterly adjustment to rate, as a percent	1.75%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity			$ 150,000,000
Letters of credit outstanding			32,700,000
Amount available to borrow			117,300,000
Amount outstanding			0
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 250,000,000
Commitment fee, as a percent	0.25%
Letter of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity			75,000,000
Letter of Credit [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 75,000,000
Swingline Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity			15,000,000
Swingline Facility [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	25,000,000
Term Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity			200,000,000
Amount outstanding			$ 150,000,000
Term Facility [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Periodic payment, as a percentage of face amount			1.25%
Term Facility [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Periodic payment, as a percentage of face amount			2.50%
Accordion Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity			$ 75,000,000
Accordion Facility [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 75,000,000

Long-term Debt - Other debt (De

Long-term Debt - Other debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount outstanding, term loan		$ 384,823
Line Of Credit Maturing 2020 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Write off of deferred debt issuance cost	$ 200
Debt extinguishment fees to lenders	100
Amount outstanding			$ 29,300
Borrowing capacity			155,000
Term Loan Agreement Maturing 2020 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount outstanding, term loan			$ 193,200
Write off of unamortized discount	600
Write off of deferred debt issuance cost	5,300
Debt extinguishment fees to lenders	1,400
Debt, fees to third parties	$ 100

Long-Term Debt - Maturities (De

Long-Term Debt - Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2020	$ 75,596
2021	42,602
2022	61,874
2023	179,403
2024	3,904
Thereafter	21,444
Long-term Debt, Total	$ 384,823

Leases - Assets and Liabilities

Leases - Assets and Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating leased asset	$ 276,618
Finance leased asset	$ 13,641
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Property and equipment, at cost
Total leased assets	$ 290,259
Operating lease liabilities, current	69,866
Finance lease liabilities, current	$ 4,651
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Long-Term Debt And Finance Lease Obligations, Current
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	$ 206,357
Finance lease liabilities, noncurrent	$ 6,570
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Longterm Debt Gross And Finance Leases Noncurrent
Total lease liabilities	$ 287,444
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, Finance Lease, Term of Contract	1 year
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, Finance Lease, Term of Contract	15 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	15 years

Leases - Cost (Details)

Leases - Cost (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 81,467
Amortization of finance lease assets	3,102
Interest on lease liabilities	1,093
Short-term lease cost	4,111
Lease, Cost, Total	$ 89,773

Leases - Cash Flow Information

Leases - Cash Flow Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash paid for operating leases included in operating activities	$ 81,467
Cash paid for finance leases included in operating activities	1,093
Cash paid for finance leases included in financing activities	9,049
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	170,855
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities relieved in conjunction with divestiture	$ 2,018

Leases - Lease Term and Discoun

Leases - Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019
Lessee Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term, operating leases	5 years
Discount rate, operating leases (as a percent)	4.40%
Weighted average remaining lease term, finance leases	3 years 3 months 18 days
Discount rate, finance leases (as a percent)	5.40%

Leases - Futures maturities of

Leases - Futures maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)
Finance Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2020	$ 5,217
2021	4,081
2022	1,423
2023	1,423
2024	296
Finance Lease, Liability, Payment, Due, Total	12,440
Less: Amount representing interest	(1,219)
Total	11,221
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]
2020	80,628
2020	71,656
2021	59,215
2022	43,588
2023	20,245
Thereafter	35,523
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due, Total	310,855
Less: Amount representing interest	(34,632)
Total	$ 276,223

Leases - Sale leaseback (Detail

Leases - Sale leaseback (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)item	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Sale Leaseback Transaction [Line Items]
Operating lease right of use assets	$ 276,618
Operating lease liability	276,223
Rent expense, noncancelable operating leases		$ 78,500	$ 75,700
Maximum residual value guarantee	$ 91,500
Sale Leaseback Transaction 2019 Involving Three Terminals [Member]
Sale Leaseback Transaction [Line Items]
Number of terminals | item	3
Sale proceeds	$ 23,500
Lease term	15 years
Annual rate	$ 1,700
Annual increase, as a percent	1.70%
Operating lease right of use assets	$ 20,800
Operating lease liability	20,800
Sale leaseback gain	$ 1,200

Related-Party Transactions (Det

Related-Party Transactions (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)item	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)item	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount paid for property			$ 151,751	$ 223,939	$ 240,417
Drivertech, LLC [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership interest, as a percent		20.73%	20.73%
Limited Liability Company [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notes payable, related parties					25,500
Repayment of related party debt	$ 26,600
Paid-in-kind interest	8,600
NMLH [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of stockholders | item				2
Amount of transaction				$ 500	900
Amount paid for property	$ 7,500
Drivertech, LLC [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of stockholders | item			2
Amount of transaction			$ 2,400	1,500	1,500
Ownership interest, as a percent		32.73%	32.73%
Parker Global Enterprises, Inc. [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties			$ 200	200	200
Arnold [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Lessor, Operating Lease, Term of Contract		10 years	10 years
Proceeds from leases			$ 400	400	$ 400
Accounts Receivable, Related Parties		$ 5,000	5,000
Increase (Decrease) in Notes Receivable, Related Parties			2,000
Provision for losses on receivables		6,800
Notes Receivable, Related Parties		$ 200	$ 200	$ 3,100

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Oct. 08, 2019item	Jun. 07, 2019item	Apr. 02, 2019item	Nov. 21, 2018item	Apr. 30, 2019item	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)item
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding | $						$ 32.7
Obligation in 2020 | $						$ 111.2
Stockholder Claims [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of claims					8
Tennessee State Court Cases [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of claims					5
Number of officers				5
Number of underwriters				7
Number of remaining claims						3
Federal Court Cases [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of claims					2
Number of claims dismissed						1
Number of officers			5
Number of underwriters	7
New York State Court Case [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of claims					1
Number of claims dismissed						2
Stockholder Derivative Action Filed In Nevada [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of officers		5
Number of board members		5

Share-based Compensation - Omni

Share-based Compensation - Omnibus Incentive Plan (Details) - The 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan [Member] - $ / shares	7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Class A common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved for future issuance, in shares			3,200,000
Restricted Stock And RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning balance (in shares)		270,742
Granted, number of shares (in shares)	287,232	902,285
Vested, number of shares (in shares)		(125,621)
Forfeited, number of shares (in shares)	(16,490)	(139,318)
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	270,742	908,088
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Unvested, weighted average, beginning (in dollars per share)		$ 14.20
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 14.30	7.53
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		11.42
Forfeited, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	16	9.17
Unvested, weighted average, ending (in dollars per share)	$ 14.20	$ 8.73

Share-based Compensation - Om_2

Share-based Compensation - Omnibus Plan Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Performance Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	260,000
Share-based compensation recognized cost	$ 0.3
Service-Based Awards [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	648,088
Share-based compensation recognized cost	$ 2.2	$ 1
Unrecognized amount	$ 4.3
Unrecognized cost, period for recognition	2 years 7 months 6 days
Service-Based Awards [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	1 year
Service-Based Awards [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	5 years

Share-based Compensation - Stoc

Share-based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares	7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning balance (in shares)		177,260
Granted (in shares)	192,203	244,785
Vested (in shares)		(44,312)
Forfeited/Canceled (in shares)	(14,943)	(18,474)
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	177,260	359,259
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Unvested, weighted average grant date fair value at beginning of period (in dollars per share)		$ 6.09
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 6.09	4.41
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		6.09
Forfeited/Canceled, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	6.09	6.09
Unvested, weighted average grant date fair value at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 6.09	$ 4.95

Share-based Compensation - Opti

Share-based Compensation - Options Information and Valuation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]
Strike price (in dollars per share)		$ 16
Risk-free interest rate		2.91%
Expected dividend yield		0.00%
Expected volatility		32.67%
Expected term (in years) (Year)		6 years 3 months
Unrecognized amount, options	$ 1.2
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Expiration period	10 years
Share-based compensation recognized cost	$ 0.6	$ 0.3
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 9.40
Risk-free interest rate	2.50%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Expected volatility	45.65%
Expected term (in years) (Year)	6 years 3 months
Unrecognized cost, period for recognition	2 years 10 months 24 days
Number of stock options exercisable	38,155
Weighted average exercise price of stock options that are exercisable	$ 16
Remaining contractual life of exercisable stock options	8 years 6 months

Share-based Compensation - St_2

Share-based Compensation - Stock Appreciation Rights (Details) - Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		5 years
Additional expense from accelerated vesting	$ 3.2
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)		65,250	72,500
Exercised (in shares)		(63,250)	(2,175)
Canceled or expired (in shares)		(2,000)	(5,075)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)			65,250
Grant date exercise price, outstanding awards at beginning of period		$ 9.95	$ 9.95
Grant date exercise price, exercised		9.95	9.95
Grant date exercise price, canceled or forfeited		$ 9.95	9.95
Grant date exercise price, outstanding awards at end of period			$ 9.95
Share-based compensation recognized cost		$ 3.4	$ 0.3

Share-Based Compensation - Pre-

Share-Based Compensation - Pre-IPO Restricted Stock Plan (Details) - Pre-IPO Restricted Stock Plan [Member] $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Jun. 13, 2018item$ / sharesshares	Jun. 13, 2018$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)$ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Holding period					9 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Unvested, beginning balance (in shares) | shares		446,000	334,026	1,558,787	1,401,674	446,000	237,500
Granted, number of shares (in shares) | shares							292,500
Vested, number of shares (in shares) | shares		(105,307)		(144,667)	(454,893)		(69,333)
Forfeited, number of shares (in shares) | shares		(6,667)		(12,446)	(103,893)		(14,667)
Unvested, ending balance (in shares) | shares	334,026	334,026	1,401,674	1,401,674	842,888	1,401,674	446,000
Conversion factor | item	4.6666667
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Unvested, weighted average, beginning (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 9.14	$ 9.62	$ 2.06	$ 2	$ 9.14	$ 6.79
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares							10.37
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		7.74		2.67	1.70		6.62
Forfeited, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		7.52		1.99	2.15		7.69
Unvested, weighted average, ending (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 9.62	$ 9.62	$ 2	$ 2	$ 2.14	$ 2	$ 9.14
Share-based compensation recognized cost | $					$ 0.5	$ 0.9	$ 0.7
Unrecognized amount | $					$ 1.4
Unrecognized cost, period for recognition					3 years 10 months 24 days
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Vesting period					3 years
Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Vesting period					7 years

Share-based Compensation - ESPP

Share-based Compensation - ESPP (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Disclosures [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized			2,300,000
Purchase election as percentage of compensation		15.00%
Purchase price as percentage of fair value		85.00%
Share-based compensation recognized cost		$ 0.2
Shares purchased	79,940
Price per share	$ 4.37

Employee Benefit Plan (Details)

Employee Benefit Plan (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)item	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]
Percent vested	100.00%
Expense recognized	$ 2.3	$ 1.7	$ 1.7
Maximum base salary deferral, as a percent	85.00%
Maximum bonus deferral, as a percent	100.00%
Liability under the deferred compensation plan	$ 3.3	3
Value of life insurance funding deferred compensation plan	$ 2.8	2.9
Death benefit received		$ 4
Number of insured covered by death benefit | item		1

Fair Value Measurements - Chang

Fair Value Measurements - Changes in Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 1,793	$ 1,985	$ 2,683
Divesture of Xpress Internacional	$ (1,793)
Forward Contract Adjustment		(192)	(698)
Balance at end of period		$ 1,793	$ 1,985

Fair Value Measurements - Purch

Fair Value Measurements - Purchase and disposal (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration	$ 2,219
Xpress Internacional
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage acquired		5.00%
Consideration		$ 2,200
Scenario, Plan [Member] | Xpress Internacional
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of voting interest remaining under commitment to purchase		5.00%

Income (Loss) Per Share (Detail

Income (Loss) Per Share (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings per share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	2,148,390	448,002

Income (Loss) Per Share - Basic

Income (Loss) Per Share - Basic and Diluted Per Share Calculations (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings per share
Net income (loss)									$ (3,043)	$ 26,106	$ (3,937)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest									604	1,207	123
Net total and comprehensive income(loss) attributable to controlling interest	$ (9,594)	$ (1,446)	$ 2,672	$ 4,721	$ 6,996	$ 16,129	$ 615	$ 1,159	$ (3,647)	$ 24,899	$ (4,060)
Basic weighted average of outstanding shares of common stock (in shares)									48,788	29,470	6,385
Dilutive effect of equity awards (in shares)										663
Diluted weighted average of outstanding shares of common stock (in shares)									48,788	30,133	6,385
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.05	$ 0.10	$ 0.14	$ 0.33	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ (0.07)	$ 0.84	$ (0.64)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.05	$ 0.10	$ 0.14	$ 0.33	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ (0.07)	$ 0.83	$ (0.64)

Segment Information (Details)

Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments									2
Revenues
Total Operating Revenue	$ 449,633	$ 428,503	$ 413,862	$ 415,363	$ 469,222	$ 460,227	$ 449,758	$ 425,708	$ 1,707,361	$ 1,804,915	$ 1,555,385
Operating Income
Total Operating Income (Loss)	$ 1,363	$ 3,282	$ 8,787	$ 12,638	$ 21,142	$ 22,892	$ 20,018	$ 14,854	26,070	78,906	28,608
Truckload Segment [Member]
Revenues
Total Operating Revenue									1,521,494	1,562,098	1,382,167
Operating Income
Total Operating Income (Loss)									24,071	69,088	25,200
Brokerage Segment [Member]
Revenues
Total Operating Revenue									185,867	242,817	173,218
Operating Income
Total Operating Income (Loss)									$ 1,999	$ 9,818	$ 3,408

Segment Information - Summary o

Segment Information - Summary of Geographical Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenue	$ 449,633	$ 428,503	$ 413,862	$ 415,363	$ 469,222	$ 460,227	$ 449,758	$ 425,708	$ 1,707,361	$ 1,804,915	$ 1,555,385
UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenue									1,704,989	1,751,556	1,504,926
MEXICO
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenue									$ 2,372	53,359	$ 50,459
Long-lived Assets					$ 0					$ 0

Quarterly Financial Data (Una_3

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 449,633	$ 428,503	$ 413,862	$ 415,363	$ 469,222	$ 460,227	$ 449,758	$ 425,708	$ 1,707,361	$ 1,804,915	$ 1,555,385
Operating income	1,363	3,282	8,787	12,638	21,142	22,892	20,018	14,854	26,070	78,906	28,608
Net income (loss)	$ (9,594)	$ (1,446)	$ 2,672	$ 4,721	$ 6,996	$ 16,129	$ 615	$ 1,159	$ (3,647)	$ 24,899	$ (4,060)
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.05	$ 0.10	$ 0.14	$ 0.33	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ (0.07)	$ 0.84	$ (0.64)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.05	$ 0.10	$ 0.14	$ 0.33	$ 0.04	$ 0.18	$ (0.07)	$ 0.83	$ (0.64)
Impairment of assets held for sale										$ (10,693)
Impairment of equity method investments					$ 1,800
Arnold [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Provision for losses on receivables	$ 6,800
Xpress Internacional | Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment of assets held for sale	$ 10,700