Loans | NOTE 4—LOANS Loan Portfolio Composition Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale, and is divided into three portfolio segments: credit card, consumer banking and commercial banking. Credit card loans consist of domestic and international credit card loans. Consumer banking loans consist of auto and retail banking loans and in prior periods also consisted of home loans. Commercial banking loans primarily consist of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans. We sold all of our consumer home loan portfolio and the related servicing during 2018. The information presented in this section excludes loans held for sale, which are carried at lower of cost or fair value. Credit Quality March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 4.1 : Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis March 31, 2019 (Dollars in millions) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days > 90 Days Total Delinquent Loans PCI Loans Total Loans Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 97,295 $ 1,029 $ 780 $ 1,948 $ 3,757 $ 0 $ 101,052 International card businesses 8,451 124 78 131 333 0 8,784 Total credit card 105,746 1,153 858 2,079 4,090 0 109,836 Consumer Banking: Auto 52,921 2,321 971 231 3,523 0 56,444 Retail banking 2,755 21 6 19 46 3 2,804 Total consumer banking 55,676 2,342 977 250 3,569 3 59,248 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 28,881 37 33 11 81 22 28,984 Commercial and industrial 41,662 217 84 133 434 101 42,197 Total commercial lending 70,543 254 117 144 515 123 71,181 Small-ticket commercial real estate 1 1 0 6 7 0 8 Total commercial banking 70,544 255 117 150 522 123 71,189 Total loans (1) $ 231,966 $ 3,750 $ 1,952 $ 2,479 $ 8,181 $ 126 $ 240,273 % of Total loans 96.5 % 1.6 % 0.8 % 1.0 % 3.4 % 0.1 % 100.0 % December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days > 90 Days Total Delinquent Loans PCI Loans Total Loans Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 103,014 $ 1,270 $ 954 $ 2,111 $ 4,335 $ 1 $ 107,350 International card businesses 8,678 127 78 128 333 0 9,011 Total credit card 111,692 1,397 1,032 2,239 4,668 1 116,361 Consumer Banking: Auto 52,032 2,624 1,326 359 4,309 0 56,341 Retail banking 2,809 23 8 20 51 4 2,864 Total consumer banking 54,841 2,647 1,334 379 4,360 4 59,205 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 28,737 101 20 19 140 22 28,899 Commercial and industrial 40,704 135 43 101 279 108 41,091 Total commercial lending 69,441 236 63 120 419 130 69,990 Small-ticket commercial real estate 336 2 1 4 7 0 343 Total commercial banking 69,777 238 64 124 426 130 70,333 Total loans (1) $ 236,310 $ 4,282 $ 2,430 $ 2,742 $ 9,454 $ 135 $ 245,899 % of Total loans 96.1 % 1.7 % 1.0 % 1.1 % 3.8 % 0.1 % 100.0 % __________ (1) Loans, other than PCI loans, include unamortized premiums and discounts, and unamortized deferred fees and costs totaling $870 million and $818 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. We pledged loan collateral of $15.3 billion and $15.8 billion to secure a portion of our FHLB borrowing capacity of $18.8 billion and $19.3 billion as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. We also pledged loan collateral of $8.4 billion and $9.2 billion to secure our Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowing capacity of $7.0 billion and $7.6 billion as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. In addition to loans pledged, we securitized a portion of our credit card loans. See “ Note 6—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. PCI loans are excluded from the table below. See “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2018 Form 10-K for additional information on our policies for nonperforming loans and accounting for PCI loans. Table 4.2 : 90+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest and Nonperforming Loans March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 1,948 N/A $ 2,111 N/A International card businesses 124 $ 23 122 $ 22 Total credit card 2,072 23 2,233 22 Consumer Banking: Auto 0 321 0 449 Retail banking 0 31 0 30 Total consumer banking 0 352 0 479 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate $ 0 $ 69 $ 0 $ 83 Commercial and industrial 38 301 0 223 Total commercial lending 38 370 0 306 Small-ticket commercial real estate 0 8 0 6 Total commercial banking 38 378 0 312 Total $ 2,110 $ 753 $ 2,233 $ 813 % of Total loans held for investment 0.9 % 0.3 % 0.9 % 0.3 % Our credit card loan portfolio is highly diversified across millions of accounts and numerous geographies without significant individual exposure. We therefore generally manage credit risk based on portfolios with common risk characteristics. The risk in our credit card loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The primary indicators we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our credit card portfolio are delinquency and charge-off trends, including an analysis of loan migration between delinquency categories over time. The table below displays the geographic profile of our credit card loan portfolio as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Table 4.3 : Credit Card Risk Profile by Geographic Region March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Domestic credit card: California $ 10,978 10.0 % $ 11,591 10.0 % Texas 7,782 7.1 8,173 7.0 New York 6,948 6.3 7,400 6.4 Florida 6,755 6.2 7,086 6.1 Illinois 4,443 4.0 4,761 4.1 Pennsylvania 4,256 3.9 4,575 3.9 Ohio 3,676 3.3 3,967 3.4 New Jersey 3,420 3.1 3,641 3.1 Michigan 3,303 3.0 3,544 3.0 Other 49,491 45.1 52,612 45.3 Total domestic credit card 101,052 92.0 107,350 92.3 International card businesses: Canada 5,832 5.3 6,023 5.1 United Kingdom 2,952 2.7 2,988 2.6 Total international card businesses 8,784 8.0 9,011 7.7 Total credit card $ 109,836 100.0 % $ 116,361 100.0 % the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . Table 4.4 : Credit Card Net Charge-Offs Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (Dollars in millions) Amount Rate (1) Amount Rate (1) Net charge-offs: (1) Domestic credit card $ 1,294 5.04 % $ 1,321 5.26 % International card businesses 70 3.20 56 2.49 Total credit card $ 1,364 4.90 $ 1,377 5.03 __________ (1) Net charge-offs consist of the unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment that we determine to be uncollectible, net of recovered amounts. Net charge-off rate is calculated by dividing annualized net charge-offs by average loans held for investment for the period for each loan category. Our consumer banking loan portfolio consists of auto and retail banking loans. Similar to our credit card loan portfolio, the risk in our consumer banking loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates, gross domestic product and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. Delinquency, nonperforming loans and charge-off trends are key indicators we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our consumer banking loan portfolio. The table below displays the geographic profile of our consumer banking loan portfolio as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Table 4.5 : Consumer Banking Risk Profile by Geographic Region March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Auto: Texas $ 7,256 12.2 % $ 7,264 12.3 % California 6,416 10.8 6,352 10.7 Florida 4,645 7.8 4,623 7.8 Georgia 2,638 4.5 2,665 4.5 Ohio 2,521 4.3 2,502 4.2 Pennsylvania 2,161 3.6 2,167 3.7 Illinois 2,156 3.6 2,171 3.7 Louisiana 2,134 3.6 2,174 3.7 Other 26,517 44.9 26,423 44.6 Total auto 56,444 95.3 56,341 95.2 Retail banking: New York 827 1.4 837 1.4 Louisiana 753 1.3 772 1.3 Texas 628 1.0 647 1.1 New Jersey 193 0.3 201 0.3 Maryland 159 0.3 161 0.3 Virginia 134 0.2 137 0.2 Other 110 0.2 109 0.2 Total retail banking 2,804 4.7 2,864 4.8 Total consumer banking $ 59,248 100.0 % $ 59,205 100.0 % the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , as well as nonperforming loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Table 4.6 : Consumer Banking Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) and Nonperforming Loans Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (Dollars in millions) Amount Rate (1) Amount Rate (1) Net charge-offs (recoveries): Auto $ 203 1.44 % $ 208 1.53 % Retail banking 18 2.56 16 1.89 Home loan 0 0.00 (1 ) (0.03 ) Total consumer banking $ 221 1.49 $ 223 1.19 March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) Amount Rate (2) Amount Rate (2) Nonperforming loans: Auto $ 321 0.57 % $ 449 0.80 % Retail banking 31 1.10 30 1.04 Total consumer banking $ 352 0.59 $ 479 0.81 __________ (1) Net charge-off (recovery) rate is calculated by dividing annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) by average loans held for investment for the period for each loan category. (2) We evaluate the credit risk of commercial loans using a risk rating system. We assign internal risk ratings to loans based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt. In determining the risk rating of a particular loan, some of the factors considered are the borrower’s current financial condition, historical and projected future credit performance, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, the estimated realizable value of any collateral and current economic trends. The scale based on our internal risk rating system is as follows: • Noncriticized: Loans that have not been designated as criticized, frequently referred to as “pass” loans. • Criticized performing: Loans in which the financial condition of the obligor is stressed, affecting earnings, cash flows or collateral values. The borrower currently has adequate capacity to meet near-term obligations; however, the stress, left unabated, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects at some future date. • Criticized nonperforming: Loans that are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as criticized nonperforming have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain a credit loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and are generally placed on nonaccrual status. We use our internal risk rating system for regulatory reporting, determining the frequency of credit exposure reviews, and evaluating and determining the allowance for loan and lease losses for commercial loans. Generally, loans that are designated as criticized performing and criticized nonperforming are reviewed quarterly by management to determine if they are appropriately classified/rated and whether any impairment exists. Noncriticized loans are also generally reviewed, at least annually, to determine the appropriate risk rating. In addition, we evaluate the risk rating during the renewal process of any loan or if a loan becomes past due. The following table presents the geographic concentration and internal risk ratings of our commercial loan portfolio as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Table 4.7 : Commercial Banking Risk Profile by Geographic Region and Internal Risk Rating March 31, 2019 (Dollars in millions) Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate % of Total Commercial and Industrial % of Total Small-Ticket Commercial Real Estate % of Total Total Commercial Banking % of Total Geographic concentration: (1) Northeast $ 15,559 53.6 % $ 7,714 18.3 % $ 5 62.5 % $ 23,278 32.7 % Mid-Atlantic 3,366 11.6 4,818 11.4 0 0.0 8,184 11.5 South 4,566 15.8 15,134 35.9 1 12.5 19,701 27.7 Other 5,493 19.0 14,531 34.4 2 25.0 20,026 28.1 Total $ 28,984 100.0 % $ 42,197 100.0 % $ 8 100.0 % $ 71,189 100.0 % Internal risk rating: (2) Noncriticized $ 28,148 97.1 % $ 40,446 95.9 % $ 0 0.0 % $ 68,594 96.4 % Criticized performing 745 2.6 1,349 3.2 0 0.0 2,094 2.9 Criticized nonperforming 69 0.2 301 0.7 8 100.0 378 0.5 PCI loans 22 0.1 101 0.2 0 0.0 123 0.2 Total $ 28,984 100.0 % $ 42,197 100.0 % $ 8 100.0 % $ 71,189 100.0 % December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate % of Total Commercial and Industrial % of Total Small-Ticket Commercial Real Estate % of Total Total Commercial Banking % of Total Geographic concentration: (1) Northeast $ 15,562 53.8 % $ 7,573 18.4 % $ 213 62.1 % $ 23,348 33.2 % Mid-Atlantic 3,410 11.8 4,710 11.5 12 3.5 8,132 11.6 South 4,247 14.7 15,367 37.4 20 5.8 19,634 27.9 Other 5,680 19.7 13,441 32.7 98 28.6 19,219 27.3 Total $ 28,899 100.0 % $ 41,091 100.0 % $ 343 100.0 % $ 70,333 100.0 % Internal risk rating: (2) Noncriticized $ 28,239 97.7 % $ 39,468 96.1 % $ 336 98.0 % $ 68,043 96.8 % Criticized performing 555 1.9 1,292 3.1 1 0.3 1,848 2.6 Criticized nonperforming 83 0.3 223 0.5 6 1.7 312 0.4 PCI loans 22 0.1 108 0.3 0 0.0 130 0.2 Total $ 28,899 100.0 % $ 41,091 100.0 % $ 343 100.0 % $ 70,333 100.0 % __________ (1) Geographic concentration is generally determined by the location of the borrower’s business or the location of the collateral associated with the loan. Northeast consists of CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA and VT. Mid-Atlantic consists of DC, DE, MD, VA and WV. South consists of AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MO, MS, NC, SC, TN and TX. (2) The following table presents information on our impaired loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . Impaired loans include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), all nonperforming commercial loans and nonperforming home loans with a specific impairment. Impaired loans without an allowance generally represent loans that have been charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral for which we believe no additional losses have been incurred, or where the fair value of the underlying collateral meets or exceeds the loan’s amortized cost. PCI loans are excluded from the following tables. Table 4.8 : Impaired Loans March 31, 2019 (Dollars in millions) With an Allowance Without an Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Net Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 659 $ 0 $ 659 $ 172 $ 487 $ 648 International card businesses 198 0 198 98 100 192 Total credit card (1) 857 0 857 270 587 840 Consumer Banking: Auto 308 37 345 28 317 446 Retail banking 53 0 53 4 49 60 Total consumer banking 361 37 398 32 366 506 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 47 60 107 3 104 110 Commercial and industrial 423 146 569 65 504 684 Total commercial lending 470 206 676 68 608 794 Small-ticket commercial real estate 0 7 7 0 7 9 Total commercial banking 470 213 683 68 615 803 Total $ 1,688 $ 250 $ 1,938 $ 370 $ 1,568 $ 2,149 December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions) With an Allowance Without an Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Net Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 666 $ 0 $ 666 $ 186 $ 480 $ 654 International card businesses 189 0 189 91 98 183 Total credit card (1) 855 0 855 277 578 837 Consumer Banking: Auto (2) 301 38 339 22 317 420 Retail banking 42 12 54 5 49 60 Total consumer banking 343 50 393 27 366 480 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 92 28 120 5 115 121 Commercial and industrial 301 169 470 29 441 593 Total commercial lending 393 197 590 34 556 714 Small-ticket commercial real estate 0 6 6 0 6 9 Total commercial banking 393 203 596 34 562 723 Total $ 1,591 $ 253 $ 1,844 $ 338 $ 1,506 $ 2,040 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (Dollars in millions) Average Interest Average Interest Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 663 $ 15 $ 646 $ 16 International card businesses 193 4 178 3 Total credit card (1) 856 19 824 19 Consumer Banking: Auto (2) 342 10 456 13 Home loan 0 0 229 1 Retail banking 54 0 61 0 Total consumer banking 396 10 746 14 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 113 0 106 1 Commercial and industrial 520 4 733 6 Total commercial lending 633 4 839 7 Small-ticket commercial real estate 6 0 6 0 Total commercial banking 639 4 845 7 Total $ 1,891 $ 33 $ 2,415 $ 40 __________ (1) The period-end and average recorded investments of credit card loans include finance charges and fees. (2) Total recorded TDRs were $1.7 billion and $1.6 billion as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios totaled $1.2 billion as of both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . TDRs classified as performing in our commercial banking loan portfolio totaled $300 million and $282 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Commitments to lend additional funds on loans modified in TDRs totaled $232 million and $256 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Loans Modified in TDRs As part of our loan modification programs to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we may provide multiple concessions to minimize our economic loss and improve long-term loan performance and collectability. The following tables present the major modification types, recorded investment amounts and financial effects of loans modified in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . Table 4.9 : Troubled Debt Restructurings Total Loans (1) Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension (Dollars in millions) % of (2) Average % of (2) Average Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 98 100 % 16.42 % 0 % 0 International card businesses 47 100 27.59 0 0 Total credit card 145 100 20.04 0 0 Consumer Banking: Auto 72 37 3.83 91 7 Retail banking 1 15 13.01 85 6 Total consumer banking 73 37 3.88 91 7 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 34 100 0.00 0 0 Commercial and industrial 21 0 0.00 0 0 Total commercial lending 55 62 0.00 0 0 Small-ticket commercial real estate 0 0 0.00 0 0 Total commercial banking 55 61 0.00 0 0 Total $ 273 75 14.64 24 7 Total Loans (1) Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension (Dollars in millions) % of (2) Average % of (2) Average Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 113 100 % 15.73 % 0 % 0 International card businesses 50 100 26.86 0 0 Total credit card 163 100 19.17 0 0 Consumer Banking: Auto (3) 62 52 3.76 91 7 Home loan 6 28 1.78 83 214 Retail banking 2 11 10.22 81 5 Total consumer banking 70 49 3.71 90 23 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 2 0 0.00 100 7 Commercial and industrial 11 0 0.00 100 11 Total commercial lending 13 0 0.00 100 11 Small-ticket commercial real estate 2 0 0.00 0 0 Total commercial banking 15 0 0.00 85 11 Total $ 248 80 16.50 30 21 __________ (1) Represents the recorded investment of total loans modified in TDRs at the end of the quarter in which they were modified. As not every modification type is included in the table above, the total percentage of TDR activity may not add up to 100%. Some loans may receive more than one type of concession as part of the modification. (2) Due to multiple concessions granted to some troubled borrowers, percentages may total more than 100% for certain loan types. (3) Includes certain TDRs that are recorded as other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent Defaults of Completed TDR Modifications The following table presents the type, number and recorded investment of loans modified in TDRs that experienced a default during the period and had completed a modification event in the twelve months prior to the default. A default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent, has been charged off as of the end of the period presented or has been reclassified from accrual to nonaccrual status. Table 4.10 : TDRs — Subsequent Defaults Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 (Dollars in millions) Number of Amount Number of Amount Credit Card: Domestic credit card 14,027 $ 29 16,339 $ 34 International card businesses 16,706 28 13,939 26 Total credit card 30,733 57 30,278 60 Consumer Banking: Auto 1,105 13 1,807 21 Home loan 0 0 3 1 Retail banking 8 0 8 0 Total consumer banking 1,113 13 1,818 22 Commercial Banking: Commercial and industrial 0 0 6 35 Total commercial lending 0 0 6 35 Total commercial banking 0 0 6 35 Total 31,846 $ 70 32,102 $ 117 |