Loans | NOTE 3—LOANS Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale. We further divide our loans held for investment into three portfolio segments: credit card, consumer banking and commercial banking. Credit card loans consist of domestic and international credit card loans. Consumer banking loans consist of auto and retail banking loans. Commercial banking loans consist of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans. The information presented in this section excludes loans held for sale, which are carried at either fair value (if we elect the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value. In the first quarter of 2020, we adopted the CECL standard. Accordingly, our disclosures below reflect these adoption changes. Prior period presentation was not modified to conform to the current period presentation. See “ Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” for additional information. Amounts as of June 30, 2020 , include the impacts of COVID-19 customer assistance programs where applicable. Accrued interest receivable of $1.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 is not included in the tables in this note. The table below presents the composition and aging analysis of our loans held for investment portfolio as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 3.1 : Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis June 30, 2020 Delinquent Loans (Dollars in millions) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days > 90 Days Total Delinquent Loans Total Loans Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 96,666 $ 668 $ 554 $ 1,502 $ 2,724 $ 99,390 International card businesses 7,689 76 54 101 231 7,920 Total credit card 104,355 744 608 1,603 2,955 107,310 Consumer Banking: Auto 61,043 1,517 582 177 2,276 63,319 Retail banking 3,346 20 11 16 47 3,393 Total consumer banking 64,389 1,537 593 193 2,323 66,712 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 30,667 137 118 31 286 30,953 Commercial and industrial 46,311 114 23 89 226 46,537 Total commercial banking 76,978 251 141 120 512 77,490 Total loans (1) $ 245,722 $ 2,532 $ 1,342 $ 1,916 $ 5,790 $ 251,512 % of Total loans 97.7 % 1.0 % 0.5 % 0.8 % 2.3 % 100.0 % December 31, 2019 Delinquent Loans (Dollars in millions) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days > 90 Days Total Delinquent Loans PCI Loans Total Loans Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 113,857 $ 1,341 $ 1,038 $ 2,277 $ 4,656 $ 93 $ 118,606 International card businesses 9,277 133 84 136 353 0 9,630 Total credit card 123,134 1,474 1,122 2,413 5,009 93 128,236 Consumer Banking: Auto 55,778 2,828 1,361 395 4,584 0 60,362 Retail banking 2,658 24 8 11 43 2 2,703 Total consumer banking 58,436 2,852 1,369 406 4,627 2 63,065 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 30,157 43 20 4 67 21 30,245 Commercial and industrial 44,009 75 26 143 244 10 44,263 Total commercial banking 74,166 118 46 147 311 31 74,508 Total loans (1) $ 255,736 $ 4,444 $ 2,537 $ 2,966 $ 9,947 $ 126 $ 265,809 % of Total loans 96.2 % 1.6 % 1.0 % 1.1 % 3.7 % 0.1 % 100.0 % __________ (1) Loans include unamortized premiums and discounts, and unamortized deferred fees and costs totaling $1.1 billion as of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 The following table presents our loans held for investment that are 90 days or more past due that continue to accrue interest and loans that are classified as nonperforming as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . We also present nonperforming loans without an allowance as of June 30, 2020 . Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. Table 3.2 : 90+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest and Nonperforming Loans June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in millions) > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans (1) Nonperforming Loans Without an Allowance > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 1,502 N/A $ 0 $ 2,277 N/A International card businesses 94 $ 23 0 130 $ 25 Total credit card 1,596 23 0 2,407 25 Consumer Banking: Auto 0 260 0 0 487 Retail banking 0 24 2 0 23 Total consumer banking 0 284 2 0 510 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 14 167 162 0 38 Commercial and industrial 0 493 160 0 410 Total commercial banking 14 660 322 0 448 Total $ 1,610 $ 967 $ 324 $ 2,407 $ 983 % of Total loans held for investment 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.1 % 0.9 % 0.4 % __________ (1) We recognized interest income for loans classified as nonperforming of $5 million and $11 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 , respectively. Credit Quality Indicators We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. We discuss these risks and our credit quality indicator for each portfolio segment below. Credit Card Our credit card loan portfolio is highly diversified across millions of accounts and numerous geographies without significant individual exposure. We therefore generally manage credit risk based on portfolios with common risk characteristics. The risk in our credit card loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our credit card loan portfolio is delinquency trends, including an analysis of loan migration between delinquency categories over time. The table below presents our credit card portfolio by delinquency status as of June 30, 2020 . Table 3.3 : Credit Card Delinquency Status June 30, 2020 (Dollars in millions) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Credit Card: Domestic credit card: Current $ 96,000 $ 666 $ 96,666 30-59 days 637 31 668 60-89 days 532 22 554 Greater than 90 days 1,475 27 1,502 Total domestic credit card 98,644 746 99,390 International card businesses: Current 7,625 64 7,689 30-59 days 66 10 76 60-89 days 43 11 54 Greater than 90 days 87 14 101 Total international card businesses 7,821 99 7,920 Total credit card $ 106,465 $ 845 $ 107,310 Consumer Banking Our consumer banking loan portfolio consists of auto and retail banking loans. Similar to our credit card loan portfolio, the risk in our consumer banking loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates, gross domestic product and home values, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we monitor when assessing the credit quality and risk of our auto loan portfolio is borrower credit scores as they measure the creditworthiness of borrowers. Delinquency trends are the key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our retail banking loan portfolio. The table below presents our consumer banking portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . We present our auto loan portfolio by FICO scores at origination and our retail banking loan portfolio by delinquency status, which includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 3.4 : Consumer Banking Portfolio by Credit Quality Indicator June 30, 2020 Term Loans by Vintage Year (Dollars in millions) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total Term Loans Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total December 31, 2019 Auto — At origination FICO scores: (1) Greater than 660 $ 6,968 $ 10,018 $ 6,099 $ 3,931 $ 1,879 $ 519 $ 29,414 $ 0 $ 0 $ 29,414 $ 28,773 621-660 3,028 4,436 2,549 1,569 721 233 12,536 0 0 12,536 11,924 620 or below 5,310 7,550 4,149 2,612 1,272 476 21,369 0 0 21,369 19,665 Total auto 15,306 22,004 12,797 8,112 3,872 1,228 63,319 0 0 63,319 60,362 Retail banking—Delinquency status: Current 1,032 237 236 243 202 619 2,569 768 9 3,346 2,658 30-59 days 0 0 0 1 0 4 5 15 0 20 24 60-89 days 0 0 5 1 0 1 7 4 0 11 8 Greater than 90 days 0 0 0 3 2 3 8 8 0 16 11 Total retail banking (2) 1,032 237 241 248 204 627 2,589 795 9 3,393 2,701 Total consumer banking $ 16,338 $ 22,241 $ 13,038 $ 8,360 $ 4,076 $ 1,855 $ 65,908 $ 795 $ 9 $ 66,712 $ 63,063 __________ (1) Amounts represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category. (2) Includes the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $931 million as of June 30, 2020. Commercial Banking The key credit quality indicator for our commercial loan portfolios is our internal risk ratings. We assign internal risk ratings to loans based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt. In determining the risk rating of a particular loan, some of the factors considered are the borrower’s current financial condition, historical and projected future credit performance, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, the estimated realizable value of any collateral and current economic trends. The scale based on our internal risk rating system is as follows: • Noncriticized: Loans that have not been designated as criticized, frequently referred to as “pass” loans. • Criticized performing: Loans in which the financial condition of the obligor is stressed, affecting earnings, cash flows or collateral values. The borrower currently has adequate capacity to meet near-term obligations; however, the stress, left unabated, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects at some future date. • Criticized nonperforming: Loans that are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as criticized nonperforming have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain a credit loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and are generally placed on nonaccrual status. We use our internal risk rating system for regulatory reporting, determining the frequency of credit exposure reviews, and evaluating and determining the allowance for credit losses for commercial loans. Generally, loans that are designated as criticized performing and criticized nonperforming are reviewed quarterly by management to determine if they are appropriately classified/rated and whether any impairment exists. Noncriticized loans are also generally reviewed, at least annually, to determine the appropriate risk rating. In addition, we evaluate the risk rating during the renewal process of any loan or if a loan becomes past due. The following table presents our commercial banking portfolio of loans held for investment by internal risk ratings as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . The internal risk rating status includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 3.5 : Commercial Banking Portfolio by Internal Risk Ratings June 30, 2020 Term Loans by Vintage Year (Dollars in millions) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total Term Loans Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Internal risk rating: (1) Commercial and multifamily real estate Noncriticized $ 2,466 $ 5,490 $ 3,587 $ 2,000 $ 2,217 $ 6,635 $ 22,395 $ 6,878 $ 0 $ 29,273 Criticized performing 69 163 343 211 216 456 1,458 55 0 1,513 Criticized nonperforming 0 11 30 0 4 122 167 0 0 167 Total commercial and multifamily real estate 2,535 5,664 3,960 2,211 2,437 7,213 24,020 6,933 0 30,953 Commercial and industrial Noncriticized 4,879 10,234 4,758 3,078 1,998 3,814 28,761 12,774 73 41,608 Criticized performing 169 668 524 371 114 202 2,048 2,388 0 4,436 Criticized nonperforming 32 76 60 60 8 0 236 257 0 493 Total commercial and industrial 5,080 10,978 5,342 3,509 2,120 4,016 31,045 15,419 73 46,537 Total commercial banking (2) $ 7,615 $ 16,642 $ 9,302 $ 5,720 $ 4,557 $ 11,229 $ 55,065 $ 22,352 $ 73 $ 77,490 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in millions) Commercial and Multifamily Real Estate % of Total Commercial and Industrial % of Total Total Commercial Banking % of Total Internal risk rating: (1) Noncriticized $ 29,625 97.9 % $ 42,223 95.4 % $ 71,848 96.5 % Criticized performing 561 1.9 1,620 3.7 2,181 2.9 Criticized nonperforming 38 0.1 410 0.9 448 0.6 PCI loans 21 0.1 10 0.0 31 0.0 Total $ 30,245 100.0 % $ 44,263 100.0 % $ 74,508 100.0 % __________ (1) Criticized exposures correspond to the “Special Mention,” “Substandard” and “Doubtful” asset categories defined by bank regulatory authorities. (2) Includes PPP loans of $231 million as of June 30, 2020. Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 , we converted $89 million and $249 million of revolving loans to term loans, respectively, primarily in our domestic credit card loan portfolio. Troubled Debt Restructurings In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Banking Agencies issued an interagency statement that provides banking organizations with additional guidance and relief on accounting for certain customer concessions related to COVID-19. Specifically, TDR accounting relief is available for short-term COVID-19-related modifications of loans that were not more than 30 days past due where concessions do not extend beyond six months. We assessed all loan modifications introduced to borrowers as of June 30, 2020 in response to COVID-19 and followed guidance that such eligible loan modifications made on a temporary and good faith basis in response to COVID-19 are not considered TDRs. Total recorded TDRs were $1.8 billion and $1.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios totaled $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our commercial banking loan portfolio totaled $349 million and $224 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. Commitments to lend additional funds on loans modified in TDRs totaled $145 million and $178 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. Loans Modified in TDRs As part of our loan modification programs to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we may provide multiple concessions to minimize our economic loss and improve long-term loan performance and collectability. The following tables present the major modification types, recorded investment amounts and financial effects of loans modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 . Table 3.6 : Troubled Debt Restructurings Total Loans Modified (1) Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension Balance Reduction (Dollars in millions) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) % of TDR Activity (2) Gross Balance Reduction Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 56 100 % 15.41 % 0 % 0 0 % $ 0 International card businesses 28 100 26.56 0 0 0 0 Total credit card 84 100 19.14 0 0 0 0 Consumer Banking: Auto 137 5 4.12 95 3 0 0 Retail banking 1 10 8.37 59 4 0 0 Total consumer banking 138 5 4.19 95 3 0 0 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 9 0 0.00 100 7 0 0 Commercial and industrial 181 0 0.00 52 8 9 7 Total commercial banking 190 0 0.00 55 8 8 7 Total $ 412 22 17.96 57 5 4 $ 7 Total Loans Modified (1) Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension Balance Reduction (Dollars in millions) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) % of TDR Activity (2) Gross Balance Reduction Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 145 100 % 16.05 % 0 % 0 0 % $ 0 International card businesses 79 100 27.05 0 0 0 0 Total credit card 224 100 19.94 0 0 0 0 Consumer Banking: Auto 260 12 3.51 95 4 0 0 Retail banking 4 4 11.42 15 4 0 0 Total consumer banking 264 12 3.55 93 4 0 0 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 28 0 0.00 100 10 0 0 Commercial and industrial 188 0 0.00 50 8 8 7 Total commercial banking 216 0 0.00 57 9 7 7 Total $ 704 36 17.90 52 5 2 $ 7 Total Loans Modified (1) Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension (Dollars in millions) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 74 100 % 16.60 % 0 % 0 International card businesses 40 100 27.25 0 0 Total credit card 114 100 20.32 0 0 Consumer Banking: Auto 52 46 3.78 89 8 Retail banking 5 9 10.55 57 3 Total consumer banking 57 42 3.93 86 8 Commercial Banking: Commercial and industrial 14 0 0.00 100 3 Total commercial lending 14 0 0.00 100 3 Small-ticket commercial real estate 1 0 0.00 0 0 Total commercial banking 15 0 0.00 98 3 Total $ 186 75 17.45 34 7 Total Loans Modified (1) Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension (Dollars in millions) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 172 100 % 16.50 % 0 % 0 International card businesses 87 100 27.44 0 0 Total credit card 259 100 20.17 0 0 Consumer Banking: Auto 124 41 3.81 90 7 Retail banking 6 10 10.91 61 3 Total consumer banking 130 39 3.90 89 7 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 34 100 0.00 0 0 Commercial and industrial 35 0 0.00 40 1 Total commercial lending 69 49 0.00 20 1 Small-ticket commercial real estate 1 0 0.00 0 0 Total commercial banking 70 49 0.00 20 0 Total $ 459 75 15.78 28 6 __________ (1) Represents the recorded investment of total loans modified in TDRs at the end of the quarter in which they were modified. As not every modification type is included in the table above, the total percentage of TDR activity may not add up to 100%. Some loans may receive more than one type of concession as part of the modification. (2) Due to multiple concessions granted to some troubled borrowers, percentages may total more than 100% for certain loan types. Subsequent Defaults of Completed TDR Modifications The following table presents the type, number and recorded investment of loans modified in TDRs that experienced a default during the period and had completed a modification event in the twelve months prior to the default. A default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent, has been charged off as of the end of the period presented or has been reclassified from accrual to nonaccrual status. Table 3.7 : TDRs—Subsequent Defaults Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 (Dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Amount Number of Contracts Amount Number of Contracts Amount Number of Contracts Amount Credit Card: Domestic credit card 9,582 $ 21 11,581 $ 26 20,468 $ 43 25,608 $ 55 International card businesses 17,508 25 18,185 28 35,365 51 34,891 56 Total credit card 27,090 46 29,766 54 55,833 94 60,499 111 Consumer Banking: Auto 860 11 1,312 16 2,135 27 2,417 29 Retail banking 3 0 4 1 4 0 12 1 Total consumer banking 863 11 1,316 17 2,139 27 2,429 30 Commercial Banking: Commercial and industrial 1 21 0 0 7 49 0 0 Total commercial banking 1 21 0 0 7 49 0 0 Total 27,954 $ 78 31,082 $ 71 57,979 $ 170 62,928 $ 141 Loans Pledged We pledged loan collateral of $15.7 billion and $14.6 billion to secure the majority of our FHLB borrowing capacity of $17.9 billion and $18.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. We also pledged loan collateral of $28.2 billion and $6.7 billion to secure our Federal Reserve Discount Window borrowing capacity of $22.2 billion and $5.3 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. In addition to loans pledged, we securitized a portion of our credit card and auto loans. See “ Note 5—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations ” for additional information. |