Loans | NOTE 3—LOANS Our loan portfolio consists of loans held for investment, including loans held in our consolidated trusts, and loans held for sale. We further divide our loans held for investment into three portfolio segments: credit card, consumer banking and commercial banking. Credit card loans consist of domestic and international credit card loans. Consumer banking loans consist of auto and retail banking loans. Commercial banking loans consist of commercial and multifamily real estate as well as commercial and industrial loans. The information presented in this section excludes loans held for sale, which are carried at either fair value (if we elect the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value. Accrued interest receivable of $1.6 billion and $1.2 billion as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, is not included in the tables in this note. The table below presents the composition and aging analysis of our loans held for investment portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The delinquency aging includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 3.1: Loan Portfolio Composition and Aging Analysis September 30, 2022 Delinquent Loans (Dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 > 90 Days Total Total Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 117,676 $ 1,179 $ 817 $ 1,607 $ 3,603 $ 121,279 International card businesses 5,409 79 53 93 225 5,634 Total credit card 123,085 1,258 870 1,700 3,828 126,913 Consumer Banking: Auto 75,329 2,754 1,202 295 4,251 79,580 Retail banking 1,580 15 5 19 39 1,619 Total consumer banking 76,909 2,769 1,207 314 4,290 81,199 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 38,056 134 1 34 169 38,225 Commercial and industrial 57,456 69 13 68 150 57,606 Total commercial banking 95,512 203 14 102 319 95,831 Total loans (1) $ 295,506 $ 4,230 $ 2,091 $ 2,116 $ 8,437 $ 303,943 % of Total loans 97.22 % 1.39 % 0.69 % 0.70 % 2.78 % 100.00 % December 31, 2021 Delinquent Loans (Dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 > 90 Days Total Total Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 106,312 $ 773 $ 528 $ 1,110 $ 2,411 $ 108,723 International card businesses 5,836 77 50 86 213 6,049 Total credit card 112,148 850 578 1,196 2,624 114,772 Consumer Banking: Auto 72,221 2,385 933 240 3,558 75,779 Retail banking 1,807 35 7 18 60 1,867 Total consumer banking 74,028 2,420 940 258 3,618 77,646 December 31, 2021 Delinquent Loans (Dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 > 90 Days Total Total Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 35,100 92 35 35 162 35,262 Commercial and industrial 49,379 139 103 39 281 49,660 Total commercial banking 84,479 231 138 74 443 84,922 Total loans (1) $ 270,655 $ 3,501 $ 1,656 $ 1,528 $ 6,685 $ 277,340 % of Total loans 97.59 % 1.26 % 0.60 % 0.55 % 2.41 % 100.00 % __________ (1) Loans include unamortized premiums and discounts, and unamortized deferred fees and costs totaling $1.4 billion as of both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The following table presents our loans held for investment that are 90 days or more past due that continue to accrue interest, loans that are classified as nonperforming and loans that are classified as nonperforming without an allowance as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. Table 3.2: 90+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest and Nonperforming Loans September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in millions) > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans (1) Nonperforming > 90 Days and Accruing Nonperforming Loans (1) Nonperforming Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 1,607 N/A $ 0 $ 1,110 N/A $ 0 International card businesses 90 $ 8 0 82 $ 10 0 Total credit card 1,697 8 0 1,192 10 0 Consumer Banking: Auto 0 474 0 0 344 0 Retail banking 0 43 5 0 47 4 Total consumer banking 0 517 5 0 391 4 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 3 243 219 3 383 268 Commercial and industrial 0 307 200 0 316 257 Total commercial banking 3 550 419 3 699 525 Total $ 1,700 $ 1,075 $ 424 $ 1,195 $ 1,100 $ 529 % of Total loans held for investment 0.56 % 0.35 % 0.14 % 0.43 % 0.40 % 0.19 % __________ Credit Quality Indicators We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to assess and manage our exposure to credit risk. We discuss these risks and our credit quality indicator for each portfolio segment below. Credit Card Our credit card loan portfolio is highly diversified across millions of accounts and numerous geographies without significant individual exposure. We therefore generally manage credit risk based on portfolios with common risk characteristics. The risk in our credit card loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends, such as unemployment rates and the U.S. Real Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) Rate, as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our credit card loan portfolio is delinquency trends, including an analysis of loan migration between delinquency categories over time. The table below presents our credit card portfolio by delinquency status as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Table 3.3: Credit Card Delinquency Status September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in millions) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Credit Card: Domestic credit card: Current $ 117,410 $ 266 $ 117,676 $ 105,985 $ 327 $ 106,312 30-59 days 1,165 14 1,179 760 13 773 60-89 days 808 9 817 519 9 528 Greater than 90 days 1,595 12 1,607 1,100 10 1,110 Total domestic credit card 120,978 301 121,279 108,364 359 108,723 International card businesses: Current 5,379 30 5,409 5,795 41 5,836 30-59 days 76 3 79 73 4 77 60-89 days 50 3 53 47 3 50 Greater than 90 days 90 3 93 82 4 86 Total international card businesses 5,595 39 5,634 5,997 52 6,049 Total credit card $ 126,573 $ 340 $ 126,913 $ 114,361 $ 411 $ 114,772 Consumer Banking Our consumer banking loan portfolio consists of auto and retail banking loans. Similar to our credit card loan portfolio, the risk in our consumer banking loan portfolio correlates to broad economic trends as well as consumers’ financial condition, all of which can have a material effect on credit performance. The key indicator we monitor when assessing the credit quality and risk of our auto loan portfolio is borrower credit scores as they measure the creditworthiness of borrowers. Delinquency trends are the key indicator we assess in monitoring the credit quality and risk of our retail banking loan portfolio. The table below presents our consumer banking portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. We present our auto loan portfolio by FICO scores at origination and our retail banking loan portfolio by delinquency status, which includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 3.4: Consumer Banking Portfolio by Credit Quality Indicator September 30, 2022 Term Loans by Vintage Year (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Term Loans Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Auto — At origination FICO scores: (1) Greater than 660 $ 15,488 $ 15,559 $ 6,005 $ 3,020 $ 1,300 $ 502 $ 41,874 $ 0 $ 0 $ 41,874 621-660 5,301 5,543 2,535 1,349 626 270 15,624 0 0 15,624 620 or below 6,505 7,124 4,364 2,459 1,098 532 22,082 0 0 22,082 Total auto 27,294 28,226 12,904 6,828 3,024 1,304 79,580 0 0 79,580 Retail banking—Delinquency status: Current 153 136 91 135 130 505 1,150 425 5 1,580 30-59 days 0 1 0 0 4 2 7 8 0 15 60-89 days 0 1 0 2 0 0 3 2 0 5 Greater than 90 days 0 0 1 0 3 9 13 4 2 19 Total retail banking (2) 153 138 92 137 137 516 1,173 439 7 1,619 Total consumer banking $ 27,447 $ 28,364 $ 12,996 $ 6,965 $ 3,161 $ 1,820 $ 80,753 $ 439 $ 7 $ 81,199 December 31, 2021 Term Loans by Vintage Year (Dollars in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Term Loans Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Auto — At origination FICO scores: (1) Greater than 660 $ 20,758 $ 8,630 $ 4,739 $ 2,394 $ 1,153 $ 301 $ 37,975 $ 0 $ 0 $ 37,975 621-660 7,456 3,721 2,109 1,084 537 157 15,064 0 0 15,064 620 or below 9,522 6,336 3,767 1,840 949 326 22,740 0 0 22,740 Total auto 37,736 18,687 10,615 5,318 2,639 784 75,779 0 0 75,779 Retail banking—Delinquency status: Current 285 171 172 161 176 491 1,456 345 6 1,807 30-59 days 0 2 2 7 0 1 12 23 0 35 60-89 days 0 4 0 0 0 2 6 1 0 7 Greater than 90 days 0 1 0 1 1 9 12 4 2 18 Total retail banking (2) 285 178 174 169 177 503 1,486 373 8 1,867 Total consumer banking $ 38,021 $ 18,865 $ 10,789 $ 5,487 $ 2,816 $ 1,287 $ 77,265 $ 373 $ 8 $ 77,646 __________ (1) Amounts represent period-end loans held for investment in each credit score category. Auto credit scores generally represent average FICO scores obtained from three credit bureaus at the time of application and are not refreshed thereafter. Balances for which no credit score is available or the credit score is invalid are included in the 620 or below category. (2) Includes Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $38 million and $232 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Commercial Banking The key credit quality indicator for our commercial loan portfolios is our internal risk ratings. We assign internal risk ratings to loans based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt. In determining the risk rating of a particular loan, some of the factors considered are the borrower’s current financial condition, historical and projected future credit performance, prospects for support from financially responsible guarantors, the estimated realizable value of any collateral and current economic trends. The scale based on our internal risk rating system is as follows: • Noncriticized: Loans that have not been designated as criticized, frequently referred to as “pass” loans. • Criticized performing: Loans in which the financial condition of the obligor is stressed, affecting earnings, cash flows or collateral values. The borrower currently has adequate capacity to meet near-term obligations; however, the stress, left unabated, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects at some future date. • Criticized nonperforming: Loans that are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as criticized nonperforming have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which jeopardize the full repayment of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain a credit loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and are generally placed on nonaccrual status. We use our internal risk rating system for regulatory reporting, determining the frequency of credit exposure reviews, and evaluating and determining the allowance for credit losses for commercial loans. Generally, loans that are designated as criticized performing and criticized nonperforming are reviewed quarterly by management to determine if they are appropriately classified/rated and whether any impairment exists. Noncriticized loans are also generally reviewed, at least annually, to determine the appropriate risk rating. In addition, we evaluate the risk rating during the renewal process of any loan or if a loan becomes past due. The following table presents our commercial banking portfolio of loans held for investment by internal risk ratings as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The internal risk rating status includes all past due loans, both performing and nonperforming. Table 3.5: Commercial Banking Portfolio by Internal Risk Ratings September 30, 2022 Term Loans by Vintage Year (Dollars in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total Term Loans Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Internal risk rating: (1) Commercial and multifamily real estate Noncriticized $ 7,785 $ 4,837 $ 1,748 $ 1,986 $ 1,502 $ 3,237 $ 21,095 $ 13,861 $ 25 $ 34,981 Criticized performing 529 280 161 439 314 1,140 2,863 138 0 3,001 Criticized nonperforming 102 0 0 7 19 115 243 0 0 243 Total commercial and multifamily real estate 8,416 5,117 1,909 2,432 1,835 4,492 24,201 13,999 25 38,225 Commercial and industrial Noncriticized 16,701 7,028 4,907 3,186 1,744 3,492 37,058 17,491 29 54,578 Criticized performing 787 566 158 293 147 123 2,074 647 0 2,721 Criticized nonperforming 148 23 6 42 41 6 266 41 0 307 Total commercial and industrial 17,636 7,617 5,071 3,521 1,932 3,621 39,398 18,179 29 57,606 Total commercial banking (2) $ 26,052 $ 12,734 $ 6,980 $ 5,953 $ 3,767 $ 8,113 $ 63,599 $ 32,178 $ 54 $ 95,831 December 31, 2021 Term Loans by Vintage Year (Dollars in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total Term Loans Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Total Internal risk rating: (1) Commercial and multifamily real estate Noncriticized $ 6,590 $ 2,924 $ 3,393 $ 2,401 $ 793 $ 3,538 $ 19,639 $ 12,286 $ 0 $ 31,925 Criticized performing 248 195 329 317 261 1,478 2,828 101 25 2,954 Criticized nonperforming 0 0 88 20 9 266 383 0 0 383 Total commercial and multifamily real estate 6,838 3,119 3,810 2,738 1,063 5,282 22,850 12,387 25 35,262 Commercial and industrial Noncriticized 12,662 7,039 5,506 2,750 1,730 3,033 32,720 14,310 59 47,089 Criticized performing 279 188 838 207 120 167 1,799 456 0 2,255 Criticized nonperforming 32 52 85 93 6 10 278 38 0 316 Total commercial and industrial 12,973 7,279 6,429 3,050 1,856 3,210 34,797 14,804 59 49,660 Total commercial banking (2) $ 19,811 $ 10,398 $ 10,239 $ 5,788 $ 2,919 $ 8,492 $ 57,647 $ 27,191 $ 84 $ 84,922 __________ (1) Criticized exposures correspond to the “Special Mention,” “Substandard” and “Doubtful” asset categories defined by bank regulatory authorities. (2) Includes PPP loans of $32 million and $102 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructurings As part of our loss mitigation efforts, we may provide short-term (one to twelve months) or long-term (greater than twelve months) modifications to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty to improve long-term collectability of the loan and to avoid the need for repossession or foreclosure of collateral. We consider the impact of all loan modifications, whether or not that modification is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”), when estimating the credit quality of our loan portfolio and establishing allowance levels. For our Commercial Banking customers, loan modifications are also considered in the assignment of an internal risk rating. Additional guidance issued by the Federal Banking Agencies and contained in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) provided banking organizations with TDR relief for loan modifications to certain qualifying borrowers impacted by the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic. The guidance in the CARES Act expired on January 1, 2022 at which time we also concurrently ceased applying the additional guidance issued by the Federal Banking Agencies. Total recorded TDRs were $2.3 billion and $1.6 billion as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our credit card and consumer banking loan portfolios totaled $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. TDRs classified as performing in our commercial banking loan portfolio totaled $415 million and $192 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Commitments to lend additional funds on loans modified in a TDR totaled $214 million and $168 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following tables present the major modification types, amortized cost amounts and financial effects of loans modified in a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Table 3.6: Troubled Debt Restructurings Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension (Dollars in millions) Total Loans Modified (1) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 77 100 % 16.79 % N/A N/A International card businesses 29 100 27.52 N/A N/A Total credit card 106 100 19.77 N/A N/A Consumer Banking: Auto 275 64 8.45 97 % 5 Retail banking 1 N/A N/A 60 14 Total consumer banking 276 64 8.45 97 5 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 38 58 0.78 100 11 Commercial and industrial 75 N/A N/A 98 17 Total commercial banking 113 20 0.78 99 15 Total $ 495 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension (Dollars in millions) Total Loans Modified (1) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 196 100 % 15.76 % N/A N/A International card businesses 93 100 27.73 N/A N/A Total credit card 289 100 19.63 N/A N/A Consumer Banking: Auto 794 56 8.59 97 % 4 Retail banking 2 N/A N/A 76 13 Total consumer banking 796 56 8.59 97 4 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 302 10 0.35 80 13 Commercial and industrial 242 N/A N/A 62 14 Total commercial banking 544 6 0.35 72 13 Total $ 1,629 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension (Dollars in millions) Total Loans Modified (1) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 37 100 % 15.80 % N/A N/A International card businesses 28 100 27.75 N/A N/A Total credit card 65 100 20.90 N/A N/A Consumer Banking: Auto 89 48 8.54 92 % 4 Total consumer banking 89 48 8.54 92 4 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 21 14 2.50 100 12 Commercial and industrial 4 N/A N/A 100 4 Total commercial banking 25 12 2.50 100 11 Total $ 179 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Reduced Interest Rate Term Extension Balance Reduction (Dollars in millions) Total Loans Modified (1) % of TDR Activity (2) Average Rate Reduction % of TDR Activity (2) Average Term Extension (Months) % of TDR Activity (2) Gross Balance Reduction Credit Card: Domestic credit card $ 114 100 % 16.00 % N/A N/A N/A N/A International card businesses 94 100 27.66 N/A N/A N/A N/A Total credit card 208 100 21.26 N/A N/A N/A N/A Consumer Banking: Auto 269 40 8.74 93 4 — $ 1 Retail banking 1 20 2.55 36 67 N/A N/A Total consumer banking 270 40 8.72 93 4 — 1 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 41 7 1.29 100 13 N/A N/A Commercial and industrial 82 N/A N/A 41 8 N/A N/A Total commercial banking 123 2 1.29 61 11 N/A N/A Total $ 601 __________ (1) Represents the amortized cost of total loans modified in TDR at the end of the period in which they were modified. As not every modification type is included in the table above, the total percentage of TDR activity may not add up to 100%. Some loans may receive more than one type of modification. (2) Due to multiple modification types granted to some troubled borrowers, percentages may total more than 100% for certain loan types. Subsequent Defaults of Completed TDR Modifications The following table presents the type, number and amortized cost of loans modified in a TDR that experienced a default during the period and had completed a modification event in the twelve months prior to the default. A default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent, has been charged off as of the end of the period presented or has been reclassified from accrual to nonaccrual status. Table 3.7: TDR—Subsequent Defaults Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (Dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Amount Number of Contracts Amount Number of Contracts Amount Number of Contracts Amount Credit Card: Domestic credit card 9,927 $ 19 4,168 $ 7 23,951 $ 47 13,528 $ 25 International card businesses 18,971 19 12,680 17 55,089 58 44,709 68 Total credit card 28,898 38 16,848 24 79,040 105 58,237 93 Consumer Banking: Auto 4,592 82 2,151 34 10,102 178 6,453 98 Retail banking 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 0 Total consumer banking 4,592 82 2,152 34 10,102 178 6,462 98 Commercial Banking: Commercial and multifamily real estate 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 Commercial and industrial 0 0 1 38 3 35 7 120 Total commercial banking 0 0 1 38 3 35 8 170 Total 33,490 $ 120 19,001 $ 96 89,145 $ 318 64,707 $ 361 Loans Pledged We pledged Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we converted $51 million and $383 million of revolving loans to term loans, respectively, primarily in our domestic credit card and commercial banking loan portfolios. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we converted $37 million and $172 million of revolving loans to term loans, respectively, primarily in our domestic credit card and commercial banking loan portfolios. |