RELX (RELX) 20-F 17 Feb 22 2021 FY Annual report (foreign) Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021shares
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2021
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Registrant Name	RELX PLC
Entity Central Index Key	0000929869
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	1,929,425,389
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity File Number	1-13334
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	X0
Entity Address, Address Line One	1-3 Strand
Entity Address, City or Town	London
Entity Address, Country	GB
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	WC2N 5JR
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Accounting Standard	International Financial Reporting Standards
Auditor Firm ID	1438
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location	London, United Kingdom
Business Contact [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Address, Address Line One	Company Secretary
Entity Address, City or Town	London
Entity Address, Country	GB
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	WC2N 5JR
Contact Personnel Name	Henry Udow
Entity Address, Address Line Two	RELX PLC
Entity Address, Address Line Three	1-3 Strand
Contact Personnel Fax Number	+44 20 7166 5500
Contact Personnel Email Address	henry.udow@relx.com
American Depositary Shares [member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	American Depositary Shares(each representing one RELX PLC ordinary share)
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Trading Symbol	RELX
Ordinary shares [member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Ordinary shares of 14 51/116p each(the “RELX PLC ordinary shares”
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
No Trading Symbol Flag	true
3.500% Guaranteed Notes due 2023 [member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	3.500% Guaranteed Notes due 2023
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Trading Symbol	RELX/23
1.300% Guaranteed Notes due 2025
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	1.300% Guaranteed Notes due 2025
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Trading Symbol	RELX/25
4.000% Guaranteed Notes due 2029
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	4.000% Guaranteed Notes due 2029
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Trading Symbol	RELX/29
3.000% Guaranteed Notes due 2030
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	3.000% Guaranteed Notes due 2030
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Trading Symbol	RELX/30

Consolidated Income Statement

Consolidated Income Statement £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020GBP (£)£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019GBP (£)£ / shares
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	£ 7,244	£ 7,110	£ 7,874
Cost of sales	(2,562)	(2,487)	(2,755)
Gross profit	4,682	4,623	5,119
Selling and distribution costs	(1,197)	(1,212)	(1,292)
Administration and other expenses	(1,630)	(1,901)	(1,767)
Share of results of joint ventures	29	15	41
Operating profit	1,884	1,525	2,101
Finance income	8	3	9
Finance costs	(150)	(175)	(314)
Net finance costs	(142)	(172)	(305)
Disposals and other non-operating items	55	130	51
Profit before tax	1,797	1,483	1,847
Current tax	(422)	(264)	(382)
Deferred tax	96	(11)	44
Tax expense	(326)	(275)	(338)
Net profit for the year	1,471	1,208	1,509
Attributable to:
RELX PLC shareholders	1,471	1,224	1,505
Non-controlling interests	0	(16)	4
Net profit for the year	£ 1,471	£ 1,208	£ 1,509
Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share | (per share)	£ 0.763	£ 0.635	£ 0.774
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share | (per share)	£ 0.758	£ 0.632	£ 0.769

Consolidated Statement of Compr

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement Of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net profit for the year	£ 1,471	£ 1,208	£ 1,509
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Actuarial gains/(losses) on defined benefit pension schemes	321	(155)	(137)
Tax on items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss	(48)	39	23
Total items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss	273	(116)	(114)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations	223	(265)	(82)
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	10	(6)	16
Transfer (from)/to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(9)	22	35
Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss	(1)	(4)	(8)
Total items that may be reclassified to profit or loss	223	(253)	(39)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year	496	(369)	(153)
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,967	839	1,356
Attributable to:
RELX PLC shareholders	1,967	855	1,352
Non-controlling interests	0	(16)	4
Total comprehensive income for the year	£ 1,967	£ 839	£ 1,356

Consolidated Statement of Cash

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations	£ 2,476	£ 2,264	£ 2,724
Interest paid (including lease interest)	(119)	(179)	(175)
Interest received	1	7	4
Tax paid (net)	(342)	(496)	(464)
Net cash from operating activities	2,016	1,596	2,089
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisitions	(254)	(869)	(423)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(28)	(43)	(47)
Expenditure on internally developed intangible assets	(309)	(319)	(333)
Purchase of investments	(8)	(2)	(8)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment	5	0	2
Gross proceeds from business disposals and sale of investments	220	54	82
Payments on business disposals	(30)	(25)	(40)
Dividends received from joint ventures	20	31	34
Net cash used in investing activities	(384)	(1,173)	(733)
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to shareholders	(920)	(880)	(842)
Distributions to non-controlling interests	(10)	(6)	(9)
(Decrease)/increase in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	(200)	(436)	98
Issuance of term debt	0	2,342	729
Repayment of term debt	(431)	(1,233)	(617)
Repayment of leases	(93)	(105)	(102)
Receipts in respect of subleases	17	15	16
Disposal of non-controlling interest			6
Repurchase of ordinary shares		(150)	(600)
Purchase of shares by Employee Benefit Trust	(1)	(37)	(37)
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares	32	16	29
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,606)	(474)	(1,329)
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	26	(51)	27
Movement in cash and cash equivalents
At start of year	88	138	114
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	26	(51)	27
Exchange translation differences	(1)	1	(3)
At end of year	£ 113	£ 88	£ 138

Consolidated Statement of Finan

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Non-current assets
Goodwill	£ 7,366	£ 7,224
Intangible assets	3,304	3,425
Investments in joint ventures	105	103
Other investments	107	259
Property, plant and equipment	131	162
Right-of-use assets	161	216
Other receivables	19	27
Deferred tax assets	210	270
Net pension assets	46	47
Derivative financial instruments	52	138
Non-current assets	11,501	11,871
Current assets
Inventories and pre-publication costs	253	240
Trade and other receivables	1,960	1,927
Derivative financial instruments	31	19
Cash and cash equivalents	113	88
Current assets	2,357	2,274
Total assets	13,858	14,145
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables	3,275	3,260
Derivative financial instruments	2	9
Borrowings	232	847
Taxation	192	149
Provisions	47	109
Current liabilities	3,748	4,374
Non-current liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	12	3
Borrowings	5,935	6,276
Deferred tax liabilities	591	665
Net pension obligations	315	671
Other payables	10	49
Provisions	23	6
Non-current liabilities	6,886	7,670
Total liabilities	10,634	12,044
Net assets	3,224	2,101
Capital and reserves
Share capital	286	286
Share premium	1,491	1,459
Shares held in treasury	(876)	(887)
Translation reserve	250	27
Other reserves	2,081	1,214
Shareholders' equity	3,232	2,099
Non-controlling interests	(8)	2
Total equity	£ 3,224	£ 2,101

Consolidated Statement of Chang

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Total	Share capital [member]	Share premium [member]	Shares held in treasury [member]	Translation reserve [member]	Other reserves [member]	Shareholders' equity [member]	Non-controlling interests [member]
Equity at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2018	£ 2,359	£ 290	£ 1,415	£ (734)	£ 374	£ 984	£ 2,329	£ 30
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,356				(82)	1,434	1,352	4
Dividends paid	(851)					(842)	(842)	(9)
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	29	1	28				29
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(637)			(637)			(637)
Bonus issue of ordinary share		4,000				(4,000)
Cancellation of bonus share		(4,000)				4,000
Cancellation of shares		(5)		504		(499)
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	33					33	33
Settlement of share awards				33		(33)
Acquisitions	(1)							(1)
Put option	(103)					(103)	(103)
Disposal of non-controlling interest	6					5	5	1
Exchange differences on translation of capital and reserves	(1)							(1)
Equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2019	2,190	286	1,443	(834)	292	979	2,166	24
Total comprehensive income for the year	839				(265)	1,120	855	(16)
Dividends paid	(886)					(880)	(880)	(6)
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	16		16				16
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(87)			(87)			(87)
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	27					27	27
Settlement of share awards				34		(34)
Acquisitions						2	2	(2)
Exchange differences on translation of capital and reserves	2							2
Equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2020	2,101	286	1,459	(887)	27	1,214	2,099	2
Total comprehensive income for the year	1,967				223	1,744	1,967
Dividends paid	(930)					(920)	(920)	(10)
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses	32		32	0			32
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(1)			(1)			(1)
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	55					55	55
Settlement of share awards			0	12		(12)
Equity at end of period at Dec. 31, 2021	£ 3,224	£ 286	£ 1,491	£ (876)	£ 250	£ 2,081	£ 3,232	£ (8)

Basis of preparation and accoun

Basis of preparation and accounting policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of preparation and accounting policies	1 Basis of preparation and accounting policies Basis of preparation The shares of RELX PLC are traded on the London, Amsterdam and New York stock exchanges. RELX PLC and its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are together known as ‘RELX’. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, subsidiaries are accounted for under the acquisition method and investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method. All intra-group transactions and balances are eliminated. On acquisition of a subsidiary, or interest in an associate or joint venture, fair values, reflecting conditions at the date of acquisition, are attributed to the net assets, including identifiable intangible assets acquired. Adjustments are made to bring accounting policies into line with those of the Group. The results of subsidiaries sold or acquired are included in the consolidated financial statements up to or from the date that control passes from or to the Group. Non-controlling Non-controlling non-controlling The Directors of RELX PLC, having made appropriate enquiries, consider that adequate resources exist for the Group to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and that, therefore, it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021. In preparing the group financial statements management has considered the impact of climate change, taking into account the relevant disclosures in the Strategic Report, including those made in accordance with the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosure. This included an assessment of assets with indefinite and long lives and how they could be impacted by measures taken to address global warming. Recognising that the environmental impact of the group’s operations, and the use of the group’s products, is relatively low, no issues were identified that would impact the carrying values of such assets or have any other impact on the financial statements. Accounting policies The Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The accounting policies under IFRS are included in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies below are applied throughout the financial statements and are unchanged from those applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020. Foreign exchange translation The consolidated financial statements are presented in sterling. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Non-monetary Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Income and expense items and cash flows of foreign operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Significant individual items of income and expense and cash flows in foreign operations are translated at the rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising are classified as equity and transferred to the translation reserve. When foreign operations are disposed of, the related cumulative translation differences are recognised within the income statement in the period. The Group uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forward contracts, to hedge its exposure to certain foreign exchange risks. Details of the Group’s accounting policies in respect of derivative financial instruments are set out on page 167. Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgements and estimates in the application of accounting policies used to report the financial position, results and cash flows of the Group. The actual outcome may differ to these estimates. The critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty are summarised below. Further detail is provided in the notes to the financial statements as referenced. Critical judgements ◾ Acquired intangible assets: identification of separate intangible assets on acquisition (see note 14) ◾ Capitalisation of development spend: assessing the potential value of a development project and determining the costs which are eligible for capitalisation (see note 14) Key sources of estimation uncertainty ◾ Acquired intangible assets: determining future cashflows and discount rate used in valuation (see notes 14) ◾ Taxation: the valuation of provisions related to uncertain tax positions (see note 9) ◾ Defined benefit pension obligation: determining an appropriate rate at which the future pension payments are discounted, mortality and inflation assumptions (see note 6) Other significant accounting policies The accounting policy in respect of revenue recognition is also significant in determining the financial condition and results of the Group. The application of this policy is straightforward, and is included in note 2. Standards and amendments effective for the year The interpretations and amendments to IFRS effective for 2021 have not had a significant impact on the Group’s accounting policies or reporting. Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective A number of amendments and interpretations have been issued which are not expected to have any significant impact on the accounting policies and reporting.

Revenue and segment analysis

Revenue and segment analysis	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of operating segments [abstract]
Revenue, operating profit and segment analysis	2 Revenue, operating profit and segment analysis Accounting policy The Group’s reported segments are based on the internal reporting structure and financial information provided to the Board. Adjusted operating profit is the key segmental profit measure used by the Group in assessing performance. Adjusted operating profit is reconciled to operating profit on page 193. Revenue arises from the provision of products and services under contracts with customers. In all cases, revenue is recognised to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, and is recognised when the customer obtains control of the goods or service. Revenue is stated at the transaction price, which includes allowance for anticipated discounts and returns and excludes customer sales taxes and other amounts to be collected on behalf of third-parties. Where the goods or services promised within a contract are distinct, they are identified as separate performance obligations and are accounted for separately. Where separate performance obligations are identified, total revenue is allocated on the basis of relative stand-alone selling prices or management’s best estimate of relative value where stand-alone selling prices do not exist. Management estimates may include a cost-plus method or comparable product approach, but must be supported by objective evidence. A residual approach may be applied where it is not possible to derive a reliable management estimate for a specific component. Our subscription and exhibition related revenue streams require payment in advance of the service being provided. Payment terms offered to customers are in line with the standard in the markets and geographies we operate in, and contracts do not contain significant financing components. Contracts for our transactional electronic revenue streams generally have payments that vary with volume of usage. Other than that, our contracts do not involve variable consideration. Revenue is recognised for the various categories as follows: ◾ ◾ RELX is a global provider of information-based analytics and decision tools for professional and business customers. Operating in four major market segments: Risk provides customers with information-based analytics and decision tools that combine public and industry-specific content with advanced technology and algorithms to assist them in evaluating and predicting risk and enhancing operational efficiency; Scientific, Technical & Medical provides information and analytics that help institutions and professionals progress science, advance healthcare and improve performance; Legal provides legal, regulatory and business information and analytics that helps customers increase their productivity, improve decision-making and achieve better outcomes; and Exhibitions is a leading global events business combining face-to-face with data and digital tools to help customers learn about markets, source products and complete transactions. ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Revenue Adjusted operating profit 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Risk 2,474 2,417 2,316 915 894 853 Scientific, Technical & Medical 2,649 2,692 2,637 1,001 1,021 982 Legal 1,587 1,639 1,652 326 330 330 Exhibitions* 534 362 1,269 10 (164 ) 331 Sub-total 7,244 7,110 7,874 2,252 2,081 2,496 Unallocated items** – – – (42 ) (5 ) (5 ) Total 7,244 7,110 7,874 2,210 2,076 2,491 * Exceptional costs excluded from adjusted operating profit in 2020 are disclosed on page 147. ** Includes a £35m one-off charge relating to reductions in our corporate real estate footprint. 2021 Risk Scientific, Technical Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,957 1,215 1,049 100 4,321 Europe* 342 602 341 187 1,472 Rest of world 175 832 197 247 1,451 Total revenue 2,474 2,649 1,587 534 7,244 Revenue by format Electronic 2,453 2,334 1,385 58 6,230 Face-to-face 13 2 9 476 500 Print 8 313 193 – 514 Total revenue 2,474 2,649 1,587 534 7,244 Revenue by type Subscriptions 989 1,970 1,255 – 4,214 Transactional 1,485 679 332 534 3,030 Total revenue 2,474 2,649 1,587 534 7,244 * Europe includes revenue of £476m from the United Kingdom (2020: £464m; 2019: £529m). 2020 Risk Scientific, Technical Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,921 1,224 1,119 43 4,307 Europe 327 621 338 83 1,369 Rest of world 169 847 182 236 1,434 Total revenue 2,417 2,692 1,639 362 7,110 Revenue by format Electronic 2,387 2,326 1,422 44 6,179 Face-to-face 19 1 7 318 345 Print 11 365 210 – 586 Total revenue 2,417 2,692 1,639 362 7,110 Revenue by type Subscriptions 944 2,048 1,287 – 4,279 Transactional 1,473 644 352 362 2,831 Total revenue 2,417 2,692 1,639 362 7,110 2019 Risk Scientific, Technical & Medical Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,843 1,182 1,118 248 4,391 Europe 317 635 340 508 1,800 Rest of world 156 820 194 513 1,683 Total revenue 2,316 2,637 1,652 1,269 7,874 Revenue by format Electronic 2,264 2,214 1,400 51 5,929 Face-to-face 25 8 9 1,218 1,260 Print 27 415 243 – 685 Total revenue 2,316 2,637 1,652 1,269 7,874 Revenue by type Subscriptions 872 1,970 1,287 – 4,129 Transactional 1,444 667 365 1,269 3,745 Total revenue 2,316 2,637 1,652 1,269 7,874 Over half of RELX’s revenue comes from subscription arrangements, and revenue for these is generally recognised on a straight-line basis over the time period covered by the agreement, in line with the provision of services. There are a number of multi-year contracts, mainly in Risk, where revenue is recognised on the achievement of delivery milestones or other specified performance obligations. As at 31 December 2021, the aggregate amount of the transaction price of such contracts which relates to performance obligations which have not yet been delivered was approximately £95m (2020: £146m). It is expected that revenue will be recognised in relation to this amount over the next six years. ANALYSIS OF REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN 2021 2020 2019 North America 4,204 4,192 4,308 Europe 2,547 2,436 2,832 Rest of world 493 482 734 Total 7,244 7,110 7,874 Revenue by geographical origin from the United Kingdom in 2021 was £1,248m (2020: £1,176m; 2019: £1,320m). ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Expenditure on acquired goodwill and Capital expenditure Amortisation of acquired Total depreciation and intangible assets additions intangible assets other amortisation 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Risk 208 822 47 83 93 96 186 192 170 93 98 89 Scientific, Technical & Medical 58 169 65 87 94 104 63 65 62 144 148 136 Legal 12 – 139 145 153 155 27 68 24 220 210 178 Exhibitions 9 6 251 24 24 26 22 51 39 30 73 41 Total 287 997 502 339 364 381 298 376 295 487 529 444 Capital expenditure comprises additions to property, plant and equipment and internally developed intangible assets. Amortisation of acquired intangible assets includes amounts in respect of joint ventures of £1m (2020: nil; 2019: £1m) in Exhibitions. Depreciation and other amortisation includes depreciation on property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets and amortisation of internally developed intangible assets and pre-publication costs. In 2020, £38m of depreciation and other amortisation was classified as exceptional in Exhibitions. Excluding this amount gives total depreciation and other amortisation of £491m for 2020. ANALYSIS OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m North America 8,657 8,940 8,365 Europe 2,123 2,058 2,156 Rest of world 413 418 481 Total 11,193 11,416 11,002 Non-current assets held in the United Kingdom totalled £1,299m (2020: £1,158m; 2019: £1,248m). Non-current assets by geographical location exclude amounts relating to deferred tax, pension assets and derivative financial instruments. Operating profit is reconciled to adjusted operating profit as follows: RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROFIT TO ADJUSTED OPERATING PROFIT 2021 2020 2019 Operating profit 1,884 1,525 2,101 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 298 376 295 Acquisition-related items 21 (12 ) 84 Reclassification of tax in joint ventures 7 5 12 Reclassification of finance income in joint ventures – (1 ) (1 ) Exceptional costs in Exhibitions – 183 – Adjusted operating profit 2,210 2,076 2,491 Acquisition-related items in the year included a gain of £27m (2020: £76m) from the revaluation of a put and call option arrangement relating to a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary within Legal. A £35m one-off charge relating to reductions in our corporate real estate footprint has been recorded. This primarily includes a property related provision of £20m and an impairment of right-of-use assets of £14m. In 2020, Exhibitions incurred exceptional costs of £183m. Of the £183m exceptional costs, £135m were cash costs, of which £52m were paid in 2021 (2020: £51m). All costs were included within administration and other expenses in the income statement. The share of post-tax results of joint ventures of £29m (2020: £15m; 2019: £41m) included in operating profit comprised £4m (2020: £1m; 2019: £2m) relating to Risk, £6m (2020: £4m; 2019: £3m) relating to Legal and £19m (2020: £10m; 2019: £36m) relating to Exhibitions.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Expense [Abstract]
Operating Expense	3 Operating expenses Operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting) the following: Note 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 Total staff costs 5 2,549 2,555 2,498 Depreciation and amortisation Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 14 297 376 294 Share of joint ventures’ amortisation of acquired intangible assets 1 – 1 Amortisation of acquired intangible assets including joint ventures’ share 298 376 295 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 14 295 319 249 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 16 52 60 58 Depreciation of right-of-use 80 88 82 Pre-publication 60 62 55 Total depreciation and other amortisation 2 487 529 444 Total depreciation and amortisation (including amortisation of acquired intangibles) 785 905 739 Other expenses and income Cost of sales including pre-publication 2,562 2,487 2,755 Short-term and low value lease expenses 21 21 20 Operating lease rentals income (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) The amortisation of acquired intangible assets is included within administration and other expenses. In 2020, £38m of depreciation and other amortisation was classed as exceptional in Exhibitions. Excluding this amount gives a total depreciation and other amortisation of £491m for 2020.

Auditor's remuneration

Auditor's remuneration	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Auditors Remuneration [Abstract]
Auditor's remuneration	4 Auditor’s remuneration 2021 2020 £m 2019 £m Auditor’s remuneration Payable to the auditors of RELX PLC 0.9 0.9 0.8 Payable to the auditors of the Group’s subsidiaries 7.5 8.3 7.8 Audit services 8.4 9.2 8.6 Audit-related assurance services 0.5 0.8 0.6 Total audit and audit-related assurance services 8.9 10.0 9.2 Other services: due diligence and other transaction-related services – – 0.1 Total non-audit – – 0.1 Total auditor’s remuneration 8.9 10.0 9.3 Amounts payable to the auditors of the Group’s subsidiaries include amounts for the audit of internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 2021 audit-related assurance services included no fees for services relating to RELX pension plans (2020: nil). The previously reported 2020 fees paid to EY for audit services have been revised to include additional amounts for expenses incurred and final fees for statutory audits which took place subsequent to the audit of the RELX consolidated accounts.

Personnel

Personnel	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Employees [Abstract]
Personnel	5 Personnel Accounting policy Share based remuneration The fair value of share based remuneration is determined at the date of grant and recognised as an expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, taking account of the estimated number of shares that are expected to vest. Market based performance criteria are taken into account when determining the fair value at the date of grant. Non-market Note 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Staff costs Wages and salaries 2,157 2,173 2,116 Social security costs 214 232 230 Pensions 6 133 125 120 Share based remuneration 45 25 32 Total staff costs 2,549 2,555 2,498 The Group provides a number of share based remuneration schemes to directors and employees. The principal share based remuneration schemes are the Executive Share Option Schemes (ESOS), the Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and the Retention Share Plan (RSP). Share options granted under ESOS are exercisable after three years and up to ten years from the date of grant at a price equivalent to the market value of the respective shares at the date of grant. Conditional shares granted under LTIP and RSP are exercisable after three years for nil consideration if conditions are met. Other awards principally relate to all employee share based saving schemes in the UK and the Netherlands. Further details are provided in the Remuneration Report on pages 100 to 121. NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED: FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS At 31 December Average during the year 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Business segment Risk 10,000 9,700 9,100 9,800 9,600 9,000 Scientific, Technical & Medical 8,700 8,600 8,100 8,600 8,300 8,000 Legal 10,500 10,400 10,600 10,300 10,500 10,600 Exhibitions 3,500 3,700 4,600 3,600 4,200 4,400 Sub-total 32,700 32,400 32,400 32,300 32,600 32,000 Corporate/shared functions 800 800 800 800 800 800 Total 33,500 33,200 33,200 33,100 33,400 32,800 Geographical location North America 14,000 14,200 14,100 13,900 14,200 14,000 Europe 9,300 9,500 9,500 9,400 9,600 9,400 Rest of world 10,200 9,500 9,600 9,800 9,600 9,400 Total 33,500 33,200 33,200 33,100 33,400 32,800 The number of UK full-time equivalents as at 31 December 2021 was 5,400 (2020: 5,400; 2019: 5,400) and the average during the year was 5,400 (2020: 5,400; 2019: 5,300).

Pension schemes

Pension schemes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [abstract]
Pension schemes	6 Pension schemes Accounting policy The expense of defined benefit pension schemes and other post-retirement employee benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method and charged in the income statement as an operating expense, based on actuarial assumptions reflecting market conditions at the beginning of the financial year. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Past service costs and credits are recognised immediately at the earlier of when plan amendments or curtailments occur and when related restructuring costs or termination benefits are recognised. Settlements are recognised when they occur. Net pension obligations in respect of defined benefit schemes are included in the statement of financial position at the present value of scheme liabilities, less the fair value of scheme assets. Where schemes are in surplus, i.e. assets exceed liabilities, the net pension assets are separately included in the statement of financial position. Any net pension asset is limited to the extent that the asset is recoverable. The expense of defined contribution pension schemes and other employee benefits is charged in the income statement as incurred. Critical judgement and key source of estimation uncertainty At 31 December 2021, the Group operates defined benefit pension schemes in the UK and the US. These schemes require management to exercise judgement in estimating the ultimate cost of providing post-employment benefits, especially given the length of each scheme’s liabilities. Accounting for defined benefit pension schemes involves judgement and estimation about uncertain events, including the life expectancy of the members, inflation and the rate at which the future pension payments are discounted. Estimates for these factors are used in determining the pension cost and liabilities reported in the financial statements. The estimates made around future developments of each of the critical assumptions are made in conjunction with independent actuaries, and each scheme is subject to a periodic review by independent actuaries. The discount rate, inflation rate and mortality assumptions may have a material effect in determining the defined benefit pension obligation and cost which are reported in the financial statements. Information regarding the more significant assumptions used for valuation is provided below, together with a sensitivity analysis. A number of pension schemes are operated around the world. The largest defined benefit schemes as at 31 December 2021 were in the UK and the US, and are summarised below. Major defined benefit schemes in place at 31 December 2021 The UK scheme is a final salary scheme and is closed to new hires. Members accrue a portion of their final pensionable earnings based on the number of years of service. The US scheme is a cash balance scheme and was closed to future accruals effective 1 January 2019. Each of the major defined benefit schemes is administered by a separate fund that is legally separated from the Group. The trustees of the pension funds in the UK and plan fiduciaries of the US scheme are required by law to act in the interest of the funds’ beneficiaries. In the UK, the trustees of the pension fund are responsible for the investment policy with regard to the assets of the fund. The board of trustees consists of an equal number of company-appointed and member-nominated Directors. In the US, the fiduciary duties for the scheme are allocated between committees which are staffed by senior employees of the Group; the investment committee has the primary responsibility for the investment and management of plan assets. The funding of the Group’s major schemes reflects the different rules within each jurisdiction. In the UK, the level of funding is determined by statutory triennial actuarial valuations in accordance with pensions legislation. Where the scheme falls below 100% funded status, the Group and the scheme trustees must agree on how the deficit is to be remedied. The UK Pensions Regulator has significant powers and sets out in codes and guidance the parameters for scheme funding. The US scheme has an annual statutory valuation which forms the basis for establishing the employer contribution each year (subject to ERISA and IRS minimums). Should the statutory funded status fall to below 100%, the US Pension Protection Act requires the deficit to be rectified with additional contributions over a seven-year period. The US scheme’s funded status is in excess of 100%. The Group and the trustees of the UK scheme have completed the 2021 triennial valuation under which the Group has committed to providing £126m of deficit funding contributions to the scheme over the period 2022 to 2024. Employer cash contributions to defined benefit pension schemes in respect of 2022 are expected to be approximately £64m including a £50m pension deficit funding contribution relating to the UK scheme recovery plan. The pension expense (excluding interest amounts) recognised in the income statement consists of: 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Defined benefit pension expense 24 11 11 Defined contribution pension expense 109 114 109 Total 133 125 120 £133m (2020: £125m; 2019: £120m) of the total pension cost is recognised within operating profit. The amounts recognised in the income statement in respect of defined benefit pension schemes during the year are presented by major scheme as follows: 2021 2020 2019 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Service cost 21 3 24 21 3 24 21 3 24 Settlement and past service credits – – – – (13 ) (13 ) (8 ) (5 ) (13 ) Defined benefit pension expense 21 3 24 21 (10 ) 11 13 (2 ) 11 Net interest on net defined benefit obligation 8 1 9 9 1 10 9 3 12 Net defined benefit pension expense 29 4 33 30 (9 ) 21 22 1 23 In 2020, the past service credit relates to changes to the US scheme allowing in-service Net interest on net defined benefit pension scheme liabilities is presented within net finance costs in the income statement. The significant valuation assumptions, determined for each major scheme in conjunction with the respective independent actuaries, are presented below. The net defined benefit pension expense for each year is based on the assumptions and scheme valuations set at 31 December of the prior year. AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 2020 2019 UK US UK US UK US Discount rate 1.95% 2.80% 1.45% 2.45% 2.05% 3.25% Inflation 3.30% 2.50% 2.80% 2.50% 2.95% 2.50% Discount rates are set by reference to high-quality corporate bond yields. Mortality assumptions make allowance for future improvements in longevity and have been determined by reference to applicable mortality statistics. The average life expectancy assumptions are set out below: AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 Male average life expectancy Female average life expectancy UK US UK US Member currently aged 60 years 85 86 89 88 Member currently aged 45 years 87 86 90 89 The amount recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension schemes at the start and end of the year and the movements during the year were as follows: 2021 2020 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Defined benefit obligation At start of year (4,668 ) (1,062 ) (5,730 ) (4,251 ) (1,018 ) (5,269 ) Service cost (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) Past service credits – – – – 13 13 Interest on pension scheme liabilities (67 ) (25 ) (92 ) (85 ) (31 ) (116 ) Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions 155 38 193 (492 ) (99 ) (591 ) Actuarial (loss)/gain arising from experience assumptions (152 ) (1 ) (153 ) 60 (13 ) 47 Contributions by employees (9 ) – (9 ) (8 ) – (8 ) Benefits paid 133 69 202 129 56 185 Exchange translation differences – (8 ) (8 ) – 33 33 At end of year (4,629 ) (992 ) (5,621 ) (4,668 ) (1,062 ) (5,730 ) Fair value of scheme assets At start of year 4,076 1,077 5,153 3,767 995 4,762 Interest income on plan assets 59 24 83 76 30 106 Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income 318 (39 ) 279 291 135 426 Contributions by employer 61 6 67 63 7 70 Contributions by employees 9 – 9 8 – 8 Benefits paid (133 ) (69 ) (202 ) (129 ) (56 ) (185 ) Exchange translation differences – 8 8 – (34 ) (34 ) At end of year 4,390 1,007 5,397 4,076 1,077 5,153 Opening net deficit (592 ) 15 (577 ) (484 ) (23 ) (507 ) Service cost (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) Net interest on net defined benefit obligation (8 ) (1 ) (9 ) (9 ) (1 ) (10 ) Settlement and past service credits – – – – 13 13 Contributions by employer 61 6 67 63 7 70 Actuarial gains/(losses) 321 (2 ) 319 (141 ) 23 (118 ) Exchange translation differences – – – – (1 ) (1 ) Net pension obligation (239 ) 15 (224 ) (592 ) 15 (577 ) Impact of asset ceiling (3 ) (42 ) (45 ) – (47 ) (47 ) Overall net pension obligation (242 ) (27 ) (269 ) (592 ) (32 ) (624 ) As at 31 December 2021, the defined benefit obligations comprised £5,360m (2020: £5,459m) in relation to funded schemes and £261m (2020: £271m) in relation to unfunded schemes. The weighted average duration of defined benefit scheme liabilities is 19 years in the UK (2020: 19 years) and 11 years in the US (2020: 11 years). Deferred tax assets of £68m (2020: £125m) are recognised in respect of the pension scheme deficits. A net pension asset has been recognised in relation to the US funded scheme after considering the guidance in IAS 19 – Employee Benefits and IFRIC 14. The split between net pension obligations and net pension assets is as follows: 2021 £m 2020 £m Net pension asset recognised 46 47 Net pension obligation (315 ) (671 ) Overall net pension obligation (269 ) (624 ) Amounts recognised in the statement of comprehensive income are set out below: 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Gains and losses arising during the year: Experience (losses)/gains on scheme liabilities (153 ) 47 17 Experience gains on scheme assets 279 426 470 Actuarial gains/(losses) on the present value of scheme liabilities due to changes in: – discount rates 463 (671 ) (743 ) – inflation (290 ) 127 142 – other actuarial assumptions 20 (47 ) (10 ) 319 (118 ) (124 ) Net cumulative losses at start of year (946 ) (828 ) (704 ) Net cumulative losses at end of year (627 ) (946 ) (828 ) In addition, a gain of £2m (2020: £37m loss) is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in relation to the asset ceiling. As at 31 December 2021, the impact of the asset ceiling on the overall net pension obligation is £45m (2020: £47m). In 2021 there was no (2020: £3m) foreign exchange gain on the asset ceiling. The major categories and fair values of scheme assets at the end of the reporting period are as follows: FAIR VALUE OF SCHEME ASSETS 2021 2020 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Equities 1,595 5 1,600 1,563 10 1,573 Liability matching assets 1,704 977 2,681 1,499 1,052 2,551 Property funds and ground leases 743 – 743 706 – 706 Direct lending 208 – 208 204 – 204 Cash and cash equivalents 127 25 152 95 12 107 Other 13 – 13 9 3 12 Total 4,390 1,007 5,397 4,076 1,077 5,153 Included within liability matching assets are government bonds totalling £2,037m (2020: £1,948m). Assets and obligations associated with the schemes are sensitive to changes in the market values of assets and the market-related assumptions used to value scheme liabilities. In particular, adverse changes to asset values, discount rates or inflation could increase future pension costs and funding requirements. Typically, the Group’s schemes are exposed to: investment risks, whereby actual rates of return on plan assets may be below those rates used to determine the defined benefit obligations, and interest rate risks, whereby scheme deficits may increase if bond yields in the UK and the US decline and are not offset by returns in liability matching and other assets. The schemes are also exposed to other risks, such as unanticipated future increases in member longevity patterns and inflation, all potentially leading to an increase in scheme liabilities. Investment policies of each scheme are intended to ensure continuous payment of defined benefit pensions in the short term and long term. Efforts are made to limit risks on marketable securities by adopting investment policies that diversify assets across geographies and among equities, liability matching assets, property funds, cash and other assets. Asset allocations are dependent on a variety of factors including the duration of scheme liabilities and the funded position of the plan. All equities and bonds have quoted prices in active markets. Sensitivity analysis The valuation of the Group’s pension scheme liabilities involves significant actuarial assumptions, being the life expectancy of the members, inflation and the rate at which the future pension payments are discounted. Differences arising from actual experience or future changes in assumptions may materially affect future pension charges. In particular, changes in assumptions for discount rates, inflation and life expectancies that are reasonably possible would have the following approximate effects on the defined benefit pension obligations: £m Increase/decrease of 0.25% in discount rate 237 Increase/decrease of 0.25% in the expected inflation rate 158 Increase/decrease of one year in assumed life expectancy 219 The above analysis has been calculated on the same basis used to determine the defined benefit obligation recognised in the statement of financial position. There has been no change in the methods used to prepare the analysis compared with prior years. This sensitivity analysis may not be representative of the actual change in the defined benefit obligation as it is unlikely that changes in the above assumptions would occur in isolation as some of the assumptions may be correlated.

Net finance costs

Net finance costs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Finance Costs [Abstract]
Net finance costs	7 Net finance costs Accounting policy Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that takes a substantial period of time to bring to use are capitalised. All other interest on borrowings is expensed as incurred. The cost of issuing borrowings is generally expensed over the period of borrowing so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge. 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Interest on short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper (11 ) (17 ) (20 ) Interest on term debt (106 ) (122 ) (266 ) Interest on lease liabilities (8 ) (12 ) (15 ) Total borrowing costs (125 ) (151 ) (301 ) Losses on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges (16 ) (13 ) – Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes and other (9 ) (11 ) (13 ) Finance costs (150 ) (175 ) (314 ) Interest on bank deposits 1 2 3 Interest income on net finance lease receivables – 1 2 Fair value gains on designated fair value hedge relationships 7 – 1 Gains on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges – – 3 Finance income 8 3 9 Net finance costs (142 ) (172 ) (305 ) Losses of £ 1 3 1 In 2019, the interest charge on term debt included a charge of £99m in respect of the early redemption of bonds that were due to be repaid in October 2022. The redemption of these bonds took place in January 2020 and was committed to at 31 December 2019.

Disposals and other non-operati

Disposals and other non-operating items	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Disposals And Nonoperating Items [Abstract]
Disposals and other non-operating items	8 Disposals and other non-operating Accounting policy Assets of businesses that are available for immediate sale in their current condition and for which a sales process is considered highly probable to complete are classified as assets held for sale and are carried at the lower of carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is based on anticipated disposal proceeds, typically derived from firm or indicative offers from potential acquirers. Non-current 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Revaluation of investments 16 151 25 Gain/(loss) on disposal of businesses and assets held for sale 39 (21 ) 26 Net gain on disposals and other non-operating 55 130 51 The revaluation of investments relates mainly to venture fund investments, further details of which are provided in note 15. During the year, net proceeds of £178m were received on the disposal of venture fund investments. The majority of these proceeds were related to the disposal of the investment in Palantir Technologies Inc which was valued at £173m on 31 December 2020, and was disposed of in February 2021 for gross proceeds of £187m.

Taxation

Taxation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Major Components Of Tax Expense Income [Abstract]
Taxation	9 Taxation Accounting policy Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax are charged or credited in the income statement except to the extent that the tax arises from a transaction or event which is recognised, in the same or a different period, outside the income statement (either in other comprehensive income, directly in equity, or through a business combination), in which case the tax appears in the same statement as the transaction that gave rise to it. Current tax is the amount of corporate income taxes expected to be payable or recoverable based on the profit for the period as adjusted for items that are not taxable or not deductible, and is calculated using tax rates and laws that were enacted or substantively enacted at the date of the statement of financial position. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. Provisions are established where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Current tax includes amounts provided in respect of uncertain tax positions when management expects that, upon examination of the uncertainty by a tax authority in possession of all relevant knowledge, it is more likely than not that an economic outflow will occur. Changes in facts and circumstances underlying these provisions are reassessed at the date of each statement of financial position, and the provisions are remeasured as required to reflect current information. Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the statement of financial position. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and which are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences but not recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures where the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised, and are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised in respect of temporary differences that arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities acquired other than in a business combination. Deferred tax is not discounted. When the acquisition of an asset qualifies to be accounted for as a business combination, deferred tax is generally required to be recognised on the difference between the tax base and the book base of the assets and liabilities acquired and assumed. The assets acquired often include identifiable intangible assets as well as goodwill. In many jurisdictions, the manner in which a business combination is effected will impact the tax deductibility and therefore the deferred tax recognised in relation to such intangibles and goodwill. In an ‘asset acquisition’, where the buyer acquires the trade and assets of a business, there is often a tax deduction available for the amortisation of the identifiable intangible assets and sometimes for the goodwill. In this situation, deferred tax is recognised on the difference between the tax base and the book base of the assets. In a ‘share acquisition’, where the buyer acquires the share capital of a legal entity that continues to own the trade and assets, tax deductions for amortisation are usually not available. Intangibles which do not qualify for tax deductions therefore give rise to a deferred tax liability. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised on temporary differences that arise from goodwill where that is not deductible for tax purposes. Key source of estimation uncertainty The Group is subject to tax in numerous jurisdictions, giving rise to complex tax issues. As a multinational enterprise, our tax returns in the countries in which we operate are subject to tax authority audits as a matter of routine. While the Group is confident that tax returns are appropriately prepared and filed, amounts are provided in respect of uncertain tax positions that reflect the risk with respect to tax matters under active discussion with tax authorities, or which are otherwise considered to involve uncertainty. The valuation of provisions required in relation to uncertain tax positions involves estimation. Provisions against uncertain tax positions are measured using one of the following methods, depending on which of the methods management expects will better predict the amount it will pay over to the tax authority: ◾ ◾ In assessing provisions against uncertain tax positions, management uses in-house In particular, although we report cross-border transactions undertaken between Group subsidiaries on an arm’s-length Estimation of income taxes also includes assessments of the recoverability of deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that they are considered recoverable based on existing tax laws and forecasts of future taxable profits against which the underlying tax deductions can be utilised. The recoverability of these assets is reassessed at the end of each reporting period, and changes in recognition of deferred tax assets will affect the tax liability in the period of that reassessment. 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Current tax United Kingdom (46 ) (80 ) (141 ) Rest of world (376 ) (184 ) (241 ) Total current tax charge (422 ) (264 ) (382 ) Deferred tax 96 (11 ) 44 Tax expense (326 ) (275 ) (338 ) Cash tax paid (net) in the year was £342m (2020: £496m; 2019: £464m), which is different to the tax expense for the year set out above. There are a number of reasons why the cash tax payments in a particular year will be different from the tax expense in the accounts: ◾ Tax payments relating to a particular year’s profits are typically due partly in the year and partly in the following year. In 2020 there was an acceleration of instalment payments in the UK. ◾ Tax expense includes deferred tax, an accounting adjustment where an item is included in the income statement in one year but is taxed in another year. The acquisition of intangible assets often results in deferred tax liabilities, the unwind of which does not result in tax payments. ◾ Current tax expense is the best estimate at the end of the period of cash tax expected to be paid. To the extent the final tax liability is different, any cash tax impact will occur in a later period. ◾ Some of the benefits of tax deductions related to share based payments, pensions and hedging are credited to equity or other comprehensive income rather than to tax expense. Set out below is a reconciliation of the difference between tax expense for the period and the theoretical expense calculated by multiplying accounting profit by the applicable tax rate. We believe the most meaningful applicable rate is that obtained by multiplying the accounting profits and losses of all consolidated entities by the applicable domestic rate in each of those entities’ jurisdictions. The net tax expense charged on profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average of tax rates applicable to accounting profits and losses of the consolidated entities, as follows: 2021 2020 2019 £m % £m % £m % Profit before tax 1,797 1,483 1,847 Tax at average applicable rates (418 ) 23.3% (331 ) 22.3% (418 ) 22.6% Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures 6 (0.3)% 3 (0.2)% 10 (0.5)% Income not taxable and expenses not deductible 24 ( 1.4 18 ( 1.2 (3 ) 0.2% Non-deductible (2 ) 0.1% (2 ) 0.1% (1 ) 0.1% Non-deductible 1 (0.1)% (2 ) 0.1% 4 (0.2)% Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised (8 ) 0.4% (19 ) 1.3% (15 ) 0.8% Change in recognition and measurement of deferred tax 25 (1.4)% 14 (0.9)% 12 (0.6)% Other adjustments in respect of prior periods 46 (2.5)% 44 (3.0)% 73 (4.0)% Tax expense (326 ) 18.1% (275 ) 18.5% (338 ) 18.3% The weighted average applicable tax rate for the year was 23.3% (2020: 22.3%; 2019: 22.6%), reflecting the applicable rates in the countries where the Group operates. The Group’s future tax charge will be sensitive to the geographic mix of profits and losses and the tax rates and laws in force in the jurisdictions in which we operate. In the UK, an increase in the corporation tax rate from 19% to 25% from April 2023 was enacted in 2021. In the Netherlands, an increase in the corporation tax rate from 25% to 25.8% from 2022 and changes to loss recognition rules were also enacted in 2021. In total, the deferred tax effect of changes in tax rates for the year was a tax credit of £8m (2020: £14m; 2019: £6m) in the income statement. The effective tax rate of 18.1% (2020: 18.5%; 2019: 18.3%) was lower than the weighted average applicable rate of 23.3%. Income not taxable and expenses not deductible include a credit of £15m (2020: £16m; 2019: £19m) relating to research and development credits and £7m (2020: £19m; 2019: nil) relating to the revaluation of a put and call option arrangement. The change in recognition and measurement of deferred tax includes the deferred tax effect of tax rate increases in the UK and the Netherlands of £8m and changes to loss recognition rules in the Netherlands of £15m. In each of the three years, there were tax credits arising from the substantial resolution of prior year tax matters. The following tax has been recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity during the year: 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Tax on items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes (48 ) 39 23 Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on fair value movements on cash flow hedges (1 ) (4 ) (8 ) Net tax (charge)/credit recognised in other comprehensive income (49 ) 35 15 Tax credit on share based remuneration recognised directly in equity 12 5 6 The £48m tax charge on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes includes a £13m tax credit reflecting the revaluation of pension related deferred tax balances to the newly enacted UK corporation tax rate of 25% (previously 19%). 2021 £m 2020 £m Current tax assets 10 44 Current tax liabilities (192 ) (149 ) Total (182 ) (105 ) Current tax assets and liabilities are net amounts in countries The Group maintained provisions for uncertain tax positions. The total carrying amount of these provisions of £228m (2020: £276m) is comprised of a number of individually immaterial amounts. It is not expected that any resolution of the matters to which the provisions relate, or changes in assumptions relating to the provisions, will have a material impact on the Group’s financial results in the next year. 2021 £m 2020 £m Deferred tax assets 210 270 Deferred tax liabilities (591 ) (665 ) Total (381 ) (395 ) Movements in deferred tax liabilities and assets (before taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the same jurisdiction) are summarised as follows: Deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets Excess of tax Acquired Other Excess of Tax losses Pension Other Total Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2020 (150 ) (543 ) (290 ) 179 75 96 279 (354 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 51 10 1 (13 ) 20 – (80 ) (11 ) Credit/(charge) to equity/other comprehensive income – – – – – 29 (1 ) 28 Acquisitions – (97 ) – – 6 – 1 (90 ) Exchange translation differences 1 18 6 8 (2 ) – 1 32 Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2021 (98 ) (612 ) (283 ) 174 99 125 200 (395 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 47 6 86 (9 ) 4 (8 ) (30 ) 96 (Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income – – – – – (48 ) 7 (41 ) Acquisitions – (33 ) – – 6 – – (27 ) Exchange translation differences – (4 ) 1 (8 ) (2 ) (1 ) – (14 ) Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 31 December 2021 (51 ) (643 ) (196 ) 157 107 68 177 (381 ) The closing deferred tax liability balance of other temporary differences includes those relating to capitalised development costs (£161m). The closing deferred tax asset balance of other temporary differences includes those relating to accruals and provisions (£92m) and share based remuneration provisions (£41m). As a result of exemptions on dividends from subsidiaries and capital gains on disposal there are no significant taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, branches, associates and interests in joint arrangements. Deferred tax assets in respect of tax losses and other deductible temporary differences have only been recognised to the extent that it is more likely than not that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the asset to be recovered. Accordingly, no deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of unused trading losses of approximately £287m (2020: £297m) carried forward at year end. The deferred tax asset not recognised in respect of these losses is approximately £79m (2020: £81m). Of the unrecognised losses, £100m (2020: £168m) will expire if not utilised within ten years and £187m (2020: £129m) will expire after more than ten years or have no expiration date. In addition, there were state and local tax losses of £73m (2020: £94m) where a deferred tax asset has not been recognised as these losses are not expected to be utilised. The deferred tax asset not recognised in respect of these losses is approximately £6m (2020: £6m). Of the unrecognised state and local losses, £27m (2020: £44m) will expire within ten years and £46m (2020: £50m) will expire after more than ten years. Deferred tax assets of approximately £5m (2020: £4m) have not been recognised in respect of tax losses and other temporary differences carried forward of £22m (2020: £23m), which can only be used to offset future capital gains.

Earnings per share

Earnings per share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings per share [abstract]
Earnings per share	10 Earnings per share Accounting policy Earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by taking the reported net profit attributable to shareholders and dividing this by the total weighted average number of shares. Adjusted earnings per share is calculated by dividing adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders by the total weighted average number of shares. EARNINGS PER SHARE – FOR THE YEAR 2021 2020 2019 Net profit Weighted EPS Net profit Weighted EPS Net profit Weighted EPS Basic earnings per share 1,471 1,928.0 76.3 1,224 1,926.2 63.5 1,505 1,943.5 77.4 Diluted earnings per share 1,471 1,939.4 75.8 1,224 1,937.8 63.2 1,505 1,956.2 76.9 The diluted figures are calculated after taking account of potential additional ordinary shares arising from share options and conditional shares. ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE 2021 2020 2019 Adjusted net Weighted Adjusted Adjusted net Weighted Adjusted Adjusted net Weighted Adjusted Adjusted earnings per share 1,689 1,928.0 87.6 1,543 1,926.2 80.1 1,808 1,943.5 93.0 RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO RELX PLC SHAREHOLDERS 2021 Pre tax Tax on £m Total Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,471 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 294 22 316 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* – (61 ) (61 ) Acquisition-related items 21 (11 ) 10 Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other 9 (2 ) 7 Disposals and other non-operating (55 ) 1 (54 ) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,689 2020 Pre tax £m Tax on £m Total Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,224 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 360 35 395 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* – (78 ) (78 ) Acquisition-related items (12 ) (6 ) (18 ) Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other 11 (2 ) 9 Disposals and other non-operating (130 ) 3 (127 ) Exceptional costs in Exhibitions 183 (45 ) 138 Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,543 2019 Pre tax Tax on Total Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,505 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 295 26 321 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* – (57 ) (57 ) Acquisition-related items 84 (15 ) 69 Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other 13 (3 ) 10 Disposals and other non-operating (51 ) 11 (40 ) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,808 * Movements on deferred tax liabilities arising on acquired intangible assets that do not qualify for tax amortisation.

Statement of cash flows

Statement of cash flows	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Statement of cash flows	11 Statement of cash flows Accounting policy Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances, call deposits and other short-term highly liquid investments and are held in the statement of financial position at fair value. RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROFIT TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Operating profit 1,884 1,525 2,101 Share of results of joint ventures (29 ) (15 ) (41 ) Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 297 376 294 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 295 319 249 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 52 60 58 Depreciation of right-of-use 80 88 82 Share based remuneration 45 25 32 Total non-cash 769 868 715 Increase in inventories and pre-publication (13 ) (18 ) (14 ) (Increase)/decrease in receivables (103 ) 149 (116 ) (Decrease)/increase in payables (32 ) (245 ) 79 Increase in working capital (148 ) (114 ) (51 ) Cash generated from operations 2,476 2,264 2,724 * Includes amortisation of pre-publication CASH FLOW ON ACQUISITIONS Note 2021 2020 £m 2019 £m Purchase of businesses 12 (235 ) (864 ) (399 ) Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions (19 ) (5 ) (24 ) Total (254 ) (869 ) (423 ) RECONCILIATION OF NET DEBT Cash and Debt Related Finance 2021 2020 2019 At start of year 88 (7,123 ) 119 18 (6,898 ) (6,191 ) (6,177 ) Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 26 – – – 26 (51 ) 27 Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper – 200 – – 200 436 (98 ) Issuance of term debt – – – – – (2,342 ) (729 ) Repayment of term debt – 431 – – 431 1,233 617 Repayment of leases – 93 – (17 ) 76 90 86 Change in net debt resulting from cash flows 26 724 – (17 ) 733 (634 ) (97 ) Borrowings in acquired businesses – – – – – (3 ) (6 ) Remeasurement and derecognition of leases – (4 ) – – (4 ) (8 ) (28 ) Inception of leases – (25 ) – 1 (24 ) (24 ) (60 ) Fair value and other adjustments to debt and related derivatives – 85 (83 ) – 2 (4 ) (94 ) Exchange translation differences (1 ) 176 (1 ) – 174 (34 ) 271 At end of year 113 (6,167 ) 35 2 (6,017 ) (6,898 ) (6,191 ) Net debt comprises cash and cash equivalents, loan capital, lease liabilities and receivables, promissory notes, bank and other loans, derivative financial instruments that are used to hedge certain borrowings and adjustments in respect of cash collateral received/paid. The Group monitors net debt as part of capital and liquidity management.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of detailed information about business combination [abstract]
Acquisitions	12 Acquisitions Accounting policy Goodwill, being the excess of the consideration over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, represents benefits which do not qualify for recognition as intangible assets, including: the ability of a business to generate higher returns than individual assets; skilled workforces; and acquisition synergies that are specific to the Group. In addition, goodwill arises on the recognition of deferred tax liabilities in respect of intangible assets for which amortisation does not qualify for tax deductions. During the year, a number of acquisitions were made. The net assets of the businesses acquired are incorporated at their fair value to the Group. Provisional fair values of the consideration given and of the assets and liabilities acquired are summarised below . Fair value 2021 £m Fair value 2020 £m Fair value 2019 £m Goodwill 131 570 257 Intangible assets 156 427 245 Property, plant and equipment 1 3 1 Non-current – 1 4 Current assets 4 20 20 Current liabilities (16 ) (24 ) (53 ) Borrowings – (3 ) (6 ) Deferred tax (27 ) (90 ) (44 ) Net assets acquired 249 904 424 Consideration (after taking account of £8m (2020: £29m; 2019: £32m) net cash acquired) 249 904 424 Less: consideration deferred to future years (14 ) (40 ) (10 ) Less: acquisition date fair value of equity interest – – (15 ) Net cash flow 235 864 399 During 2021, RELX completed several acquisitions for a total of £255m, or £249m adjusted for cash acquired. The businesses acquired in 2021 contributed £10m to revenue, had no impact on adjusted operating profit, decreased net profit by £9m (after charging £10m of integration costs and amortisation of acquired intangibles) and contributed £3m to net cash inflow from operating activities for the part year under the Group’s ownership and before taking account of acquisition financing costs. Had the businesses been acquired at the beginning of the year, on a pro forma basis the Group revenues, adjusted operating profit and net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders for the year would have been £7,258m, £2,208m and £1,469m respectively, before taking account of acquisition financing costs.

Equity dividends

Equity dividends	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Dividends [Abstract]
Equity dividends	13 Equity dividends ORDINARY DIVIDENDS PAID IN THE YEAR 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m RELX PLC 920 880 842 Ordinary dividends declared and paid in the year ended 31 December 2021, in amounts per ordinary share, comprise: a 2020 final dividend of 33.4 32.1 29.7 14.3 13.6 13.6 47.7 45.7 43.3 The Directors of RELX PLC have proposed a final dividend of 35.5 33.4 32.1 49.8 47.0 45.7 The Employee Benefit Trust has currently waived the right to receive dividends on RELX PLC shares. This waiver has been applied to dividends paid in 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Abstract]
Intangible assets	14 Intangible assets Accounting policy On acquisition of a subsidiary or business, the purchase consideration is allocated between the net tangible and intangible assets other than goodwill on a fair value basis, with any excess purchase consideration representing goodwill. Goodwill is carried at fair value as at the date of acquisition less impairment charges. Acquired intangible assets are carried at their fair value as at the date of acquisition less accumulated amortisation. On disposal of a subsidiary or business, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of profit or loss recognised in the income statement. Intangible assets acquired as part of business combinations comprise: market-related assets (e.g. trademarks, imprints, brands); customer-related assets (e.g. subscription bases, customer lists, customer relationships); editorial content; software and systems (e.g. application infrastructure, product delivery platforms, in-process research and development); and other intangible assets mainly comprising contract and rights related assets. Intangible assets, other than journal titles determined to have indefinite lives, are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets with finite lives are: ◾ ◾ ◾ ◾ ◾ Journal titles determined to have indefinite lives are not amortised and are subject to impairment review at least annually, including a review of events and circumstances to ensure that they continue to support an indefinite useful life. Internally developed intangible assets typically comprise software and systems development where an identifiable asset is created that is probable to generate future economic benefits and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation. Internally developed intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives of 3 to 15 years. Impairment reviews are carried out at least annually or where indicators of impairment are identified. Impairment reviews Goodwill and acquired intangible assets with an indefinite life are allocated to cash generating units (CGUs) and tested for impairment test at least annually or when there is an indicator that the asset may be impaired. An impairment loss is recognised in the income statement in administration and other expenses to the extent the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its recoverable amount and not subsequently reversed. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. The carrying amounts of all other intangible assets are reviewed where there are indications of possible impairment. An impairment review involves a comparison of the carrying value of the asset with estimated values in use based on the latest management cash flow projections, approved by the Board. Key areas of judgement in estimating the values in use of businesses are the growth in cash flows over a forecast period of up to five years, the long-term growth rate assumed thereafter and the discount rate applied to the forecast cash flows. These calculations require the use of estimates in respect of forecast cash flows and discount rates. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, value in use estimates are made based on the cash flows of the CGU to which the asset belongs. Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty Management judgement is required to identify intangible assets on acquisition. The valuation of acquired intangible assets represents the estimated economic value in use, using standard valuation methodologies, including as appropriate, discounted cash flow, relief from royalty and comparable market transactions. Estimates used in determining the future cash flows and discount rates used may have a material effect on the reported amounts of these intangible assets. The selection of appropriate amortisation periods for acquired intangible assets requires management to assess the longevity of the brands and imprints, the strength and stability of customer relationships, the market positions of the acquired assets and the technological and competitive risks that they face. Certain intangible assets in relation to acquired science and medical publishing businesses have been determined to have indefinite lives. The longevity of these assets is evidenced by their long-established and well-regarded journal titles, and their characteristically stable market positions. Development spend encompasses investment in new products and other initiatives, ranging from the building of online delivery platforms, to launch costs of new services, to building new infrastructure and applications. Launch costs and other ongoing operating expenses of new products and services are expensed as incurred. The costs of building product applications, platforms and infrastructure are capitalised as internally generated intangible assets, where the investment they represent has demonstrable value and the technical and commercial feasibility is assured. Costs eligible for capitalisation must be incremental, clearly identified and directly attributable to a particular project. The resulting assets are amortised over their estimated useful lives. Judgement is required in the assessment of the potential value of a development project, the identification of costs eligible for capitalisation and the selection of appropriate asset lives. Where indicators of impairment are identified, estimates relating to the future cash flows and discount rates used in calculating the value in use of the intangible asset may have a material effect on the reported amounts of intangible assets. The valuation of goodwill is no longer considered to be a key source of estimation uncertainty which could give rise to a risk of material misstatement given the consistent high level of headroom between the carrying amount of goodwill and recoverable amount of each CGU and no recent impairments being recorded. Goodwill Market related £m Customer related £m Editorial content £m Software and technology £m Other £m Total acquired intangible assets £m Total internally developed intangible assets £m Total intangible assets excluding goodwill £m COST As at 1 January 2020 6,824 2,436 1,564 632 569 2,434 7,635 3,041 10,676 Acquisitions 570 21 250 – 156 – 427 – 427 Additions – – – – – – – 318 318 Disposals and other (6 ) – (6 ) (10 ) (20 ) (34 ) (70 ) (90 ) (160 ) Exchange translation differences (164 ) (66 ) (58 ) (8 ) (17 ) (19 ) (168 ) (18 ) (186 ) At 1 January 2021 7,224 2,391 1,750 614 688 2,381 7,824 3,251 11,075 Acquisitions 131 11 78 11 51 5 156 – 156 Additions – – – – – – – 310 310 Disposals and other (3 ) (2 ) 2 (7 ) – (23 ) (30 ) (19 ) (49 ) Exchange translation differences 14 15 10 2 1 (13 ) 15 (31 ) (16 ) At 31 December 2021 7,366 2,415 1,840 620 740 2,350 7,965 3,511 11,476 ACCUMULATED AMORTISATION As at 1 January 2020 – 1,236 993 483 365 2,370 5,447 1,777 7,224 Charge for the year* – 134 103 40 77 22 376 319 695 Disposals and other – (7 ) (7 ) (1 ) (19 ) (36 ) (70 ) (78 ) (148 ) Exchange translation differences – (40 ) (35 ) (8 ) (9 ) (18 ) (110 ) (11 ) (121 ) At 1 January 2021 – 1,323 1,054 514 414 2,338 5,643 2,007 7,650 Charge for the year* – 109 79 39 54 16 297 295 592 Disposals and other – (2 ) (6 ) 1 – (23 ) (30 ) (19 ) (49 ) Exchange translation differences – 8 5 2 (1 ) (12 ) 2 (23 ) (21 ) At 31 December 2021 – 1,438 1,132 556 467 2,319 5,912 2,260 8,172 NET BOOK AMOUNT At 31 December 2020 7,224 1,068 696 100 274 43 2,181 1,244 3,425 At 31 December 2021 7,366 977 708 64 273 31 2,053 1,251 3,304 * Includes impairments of acquired intangible assets of £13m (2020: £42m in Legal and £23m in Exhibitions), and an impairment of internally developed intangible assets of £29m in Exhibitions in 2020 which has been classified as exceptional. Refer to note 2 for further detail on the exceptional costs in Exhibitions in 2020. The carrying amount of goodwill is shown after cumulative amortisation of £1,144m (2020: £1,151m), which was charged prior to the adoption of IFRS, and £8m (2020: £9m) of subsequent impairment charges recorded in prior years. The Legal business has £663m of capitalised development costs associated with platforms and infrastructure. Included in market and customer-related intangible assets are £112m (2020: £111m) of journal titles relating to Scientific, Technical & Medical determined to have indefinite lives based on an assessment of their historical longevity and stable market positions. Impairment review There were no charges for impairment of goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets in 2021 (2020: nil). Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are compiled and assessed among groups of CGUs, which represent the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored by management. Typically, acquisitions are integrated into existing business areas, and the goodwill arising is allocated to the groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition. As the business areas have become increasingly integrated and globalised, the current CGU allocation reflects the global leverage of assets, skills, knowledge and technology platforms, and the monitoring of goodwill by management. GOODWILL 2021 2020 Risk 3,675 3,546 Scientific, Technical & Medical 1,683 1,669 Legal 1,406 1,395 Exhibitions 602 614 Total 7,366 7,224 The key assumptions used for each group of CGUs are disclosed below: KEY ASSUMPTIONS 2021 2020 Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Risk 9.8% 3% 10.6% 3% Scientific, Technical & Medical 9.1% 3% 9.8% 3% Legal 9.9% 2% 11.2% 2% Exhibitions 11.7% 3% 12.6% 3% The pre–tax discount rates used are based on the Group’s weighted average cost of capital, adjusted to reflect a risk premium specific to each business. The Group’s weighted average cost of capital is derived from a risk free rate, a market risk premium, a risk adjustment (beta) and a cost of debt adjustment. The Group’s weighted average cost of capital was calculated as at the 30 September 2021 when the impairment review was performed, and there were no indicators of impairment in the intervening period to 31 December 2021. The key assumptions within the forecast growth in the cash flows over a forecast period of up to five years are revenue growth, operating margin and cash conversion. Revenue growth and operating profit margin forecasts for each CGU are derived from past results adjusted by management based on salient current and future considerations. Cash conversion rates for each CGU are based on historical cash conversion rates. Nominal long–term market growth rates, which are applied after the forecast period of up to five years, do not exceed the long–term average growth prospects for the sectors and territories in which the businesses operate. A sensitivity analysis has been performed based on changes in key assumptions considered to be reasonably possible by management: an increase in the discount rate of 0.5%, a decrease in the compound annual growth rate for cash flow in the five-year forecast period of 2.0%, and a decrease in the nominal long-term market growth rates of 0.5%. These sensitivity analyses show that no impairment charges would result from these scenarios.​​​​​​​ Refer to pages 95 and 96 for further details.

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Investments [Abstract]
Investments	15 Investments Accounting policy Investments, other than investments in joint arrangements and associates, are stated in the statement of financial position at fair value. Changes in the fair value of investments held as part of the venture capital portfolio are reported in disposals and other non-operating non-operating Venture capital investments and equity investments represent interests in listed and unlisted securities. The fair value of listed securities is based on quoted prices in active markets. The fair value of unlisted securities is based on management’s estimate of fair value based on standard valuation techniques, including market comparisons and discounts of future cash flows, having regard to maximising the use of observable inputs and adjusting for risk. Advice from valuation experts is used as appropriate. All joint arrangements are classified as joint ventures because the Group shares joint control and has rights to the net assets of the arrangements. Investments in joint ventures and associates are accounted for under the equity method and stated in the statement of financial position at cost as adjusted for post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of net assets, less any impairment in value. 2021 £m 2020 £m Investments in joint ventures 105 103 Venture capital investments 107 259 Total 212 362 The value of venture capital investments and equity investments has been determined by reference to quoted prices in active markets, other observable market inputs or, when these are not available, by reference to inputs we believe would reflect the assumptions market participants would use. An analysis of changes in the carrying value of investments in joint ventures is set out below: 2021 £m 2020 £m At start of year 103 118 Share of results of joint ventures 29 15 Dividends received from joint ventures (20 ) (31 ) Disposals (4 ) – Exchange translation differences (3 ) 1 At end of year 105 103 Summarised aggregate information in respect of the Group’s share of joint ventures is set out below: RELX’s share 2021 £m 2020 £m Revenue 78 60 Net profit for the year 29 15 Total assets 136 84 Total liabilities (70 ) (45 ) Net assets 66 39 Goodwill 39 64 Total 105 103 The Group’s consolidated other comprehensive income includes no income or losses relating to joint ventures in either period.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Property, plant and equipment	16 Property, plant and equipment Accounting policy Property, plant and equipment are stated in the statement of financial position at cost less accumulated depreciation. No depreciation is provided on freehold land. Freehold buildings and long leaseholds are depreciated over their estimated useful lives up to a maximum of 50 years. Short leases are written off over the duration of the lease. Depreciation is provided on other assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: – land and buildings: land – not depreciated; leasehold improvements – shorter of life of lease and 10 years – fixtures and equipment: plant – 3 to 20 years; office furniture, fixtures and fittings – 5 to 10 years; computer systems, communication networks and equipment – 3 to 7 years 2021 2020 Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Cost At start of year 206 527 733 213 602 815 Acquisitions – 1 1 – 3 3 Capital expenditure 5 23 28 4 39 43 Disposals (43 ) (32 ) (75 ) (7 ) (111 ) (118 ) Exchange translation differences (1 ) (3 ) (4 ) (4 ) (6 ) (10 ) At end of year 167 516 683 206 527 733 Accumulated depreciation At start of year 143 428 571 143 492 635 Charge for the year 6 46 52 9 51 60 Disposals (37 ) (31 ) (68 ) (7 ) (111 ) (118 ) Exchange translation differences (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (2 ) (4 ) (6 ) At end of year 111 441 552 143 428 571 Net book amount 56 75 131 63 99 162 No depreciation is provided on freehold land of £10m (2020: £13m). Amounts relating to right-of-use

Financial instruments

Financial instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]
Financial instruments	17 Financial instruments Accounting policy Financial instruments comprise investments (other than investments in joint ventures or associates), trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, payables and accruals, borrowings and derivative financial instruments. Investments (other than investments in joint ventures and associates) are described in note 15. The fair value of such investments is based on standard valuation techniques, including market comparisons and discounts of future cash flows, having regard to maximising the use of observable inputs and adjusting for risk. (These investments are typically classified as either Level 2 or 3 in the IFRS 13 fair value hierarchy). Trade receivables are carried in the statement of financial position at invoiced value less allowance for expected credit losses. Expected credit losses are based on the ageing of trade receivables, experience and circumstance. Borrowings and payables are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost (other than fixed rate borrowings in designated hedging relationships for which the carrying amount of the hedged portion of the borrowings is subsequently adjusted for the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk). Derivative financial instruments are used to hedge interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Where an effective hedge is in place against changes in the fair value of fixed rate borrowings, the hedged borrowings are adjusted for changes in fair value attributable to the risk being hedged with a corresponding income or expense included in the income statement within finance costs. The offsetting gains or losses from remeasuring the fair value of the related derivatives are also recognised in the income statement within finance costs. When the related derivative expires, is sold or terminated, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged borrowing is amortised in the income statement over the period to maturity of the borrowing using the effective interest method. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are recognised (net of tax) in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the hedge reserve. The fair value amounts relating to foreign currency basis spreads are recorded in a separate component of equity in the cost of hedging reserve. If a hedged firm commitment or forecasted transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial Cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued when a hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. At that time, any cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in other comprehensive income is either retained in the hedge reserve until the firm commitment or forecasted transaction occurs, or, where a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, is immediately credited or expensed in the income statement. Derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in the statement of financial position at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in the income statement. The fair values of derivative financial instruments represent the replacement costs calculated using observable market rates of interest and exchange. The fair value of long-term borrowings is calculated by discounting expected future cash flows at observable market rates. (These instruments are accordingly classified as Level 2 in the IFRS 13 fair value hierarchy.) The main financial risks faced by the Group are liquidity risk, market risk – comprising interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk – and credit risk. Financial instruments are used to finance the Group’s businesses and to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks. The Group’s businesses do not enter into speculative derivative transactions. Details of financial instruments subject to liquidity, market and credit risks are described below. Liquidity risk The Group maintains a range of borrowing facilities and debt programmes to fund its requirements at competitive rates. The balance of long-term debt, short-term debt and committed bank facilities is managed to provide security of funding, taking into account the cash generation cycle of the business and the uncertain size and timing of acquisition spend. To accommodate the significant free cash flow generated by the Group and to capitalise on an inexpensive source of funding, a meaningful portion of the overall debt portfolio is typically kept short term as long as there exists acceptable liquidity in the commercial paper markets and sufficient capacity under committed credit lines. The Group’s treasury policies ensure adequate liquidity by requiring that (a) no more than $2bn of term debt matures in any 12-month The treasury policies ensure debt efficiency by (a) targeting certain levels of short-term borrowings across a given year, (b) maintaining a weighted average maturity of the gross debt portfolio of approximately five years and (c) minimising surplus cash balances. From time to time, based on cash flow and market conditions, the Group may redeem term debt early or repurchase outstanding debt in the open market. Debt is issued to meet the funding requirements of various jurisdictions and in the currencies that are needed. It is recognised that debt can act as a natural translation hedge of earnings, net assets and net cash flow in currencies other than the reporting currency. For this reason, the majority of the Group’s net debt is denominated in US dollars and euros, reflecting the Group’s largest geographical markets. There were no changes to the Group’s long-term approach to capital and liquidity management during the year. The remaining contractual maturities for borrowings and derivative financial instruments are shown in the table below. The table shows undiscounted principal and interest cash flows and includes contractual gross cash flows to be exchanged as part of cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts where there is a legal right of set-off. AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 years £m 2-3 years £m 3-4 years £m 4-5 years £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (5,828 ) (156 ) (741 ) (1,106 ) (704 ) (709 ) (3,126 ) (6,542 ) Floating rate borrowings (131 ) (131 ) – – – – – (131 ) Lease liabilities (208 ) (75 ) (63 ) (43 ) (25 ) (4 ) (31 ) (241 ) Derivative financial liabilities Interest rate derivatives (5 ) – – (1 ) (2 ) (2 ) (7 ) (12 ) Cross-currency interest rate swaps (2 ) (32 ) (34 ) (14 ) (501 ) – – (581 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts (7 ) (1,741 ) (382 ) (207 ) (27 ) – – (2,357 ) Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 19 22 10 4 – – – 36 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 16 29 26 7 511 – – 573 Forward foreign exchange contracts 48 1,770 398 210 28 – – 2,406 Total (6,098 ) (314 ) (786 ) (1,150 ) (720 ) (715 ) (3,164 ) (6,849 ) AT 31 DECEMBER 2020 Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 £m 2-3 £m 3-4 £m 4-5 £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (6,541 ) (576 ) (157 ) (737 ) (1,173 ) (737 ) (3,963 ) (7,343 ) Floating rate borrowings (307 ) (307 ) – – – – – (307 ) Lease liabilities (275 ) (103 ) (72 ) (57 ) (41 ) (17 ) (34 ) (324 ) Derivative financial liabilities Cross-currency interest rate swaps (3 ) (32 ) (8 ) (29 ) (9 ) (495 ) – (573 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts (9 ) (1,416 ) (356 ) (214 ) (24 ) – – (2,010 ) Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 49 20 18 13 6 1 1 59 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 66 30 7 26 7 544 – 614 Forward foreign exchange contracts 42 1,425 370 223 25 – – 2,043 Total (6,978 ) (959 ) (198 ) (775 ) (1,209 ) (704 ) (3,996 ) (7,841 ) The carrying amount of derivative financial liabilities comprises £5m (2020: nil) in relation to fair value hedges, £7m (2020: £6m) in relation to cash flow hedges and £2m (2020: £6m) not designated as hedging instruments. The carrying amount of derivative financial assets comprises £35m (2020: £114m) in relation to fair value hedges, £36m (2020: £37m) in relation to cash flow hedges and £12m (2020: £6m) not designated as hedging instruments. The Group has ample liquidity and access to debt capital markets, providing the ability to repay or refinance borrowings as they mature and to fund ongoing requirements. At 31 December 2021, the Group had access to a $3.0bn committed bank facility, consisting of various tranches with maturities through to July 2024, which was undrawn. This facility backs up short-term borrowings. All borrowings that mature within the next two years can be covered by the facility and by utilising available cash resources. The committed bank facility is subject to a financial covenant typical to the Group’s size and financial strength. The Group had significant headroom within this covenant for the year ended 31 December 2021. There are no financial covenants in any outstanding public bonds. Market risk The Group’s primary market risks are interest rate fluctuations and exchange rate movements. Derivatives are used to manage the risks associated with interest rate and exchange rate movements and the Group does not enter into speculative derivatives. Where the impact of derivatives on the income statement and the statement of financial position could be significant, hedge accounting is applied (subject to satisfying the required criteria) as described in ‘Hedge accounting’ below. Derivatives used by the Group for hedging a particular risk are not specialised and are generally available from numerous sources. The Group is also exposed to changes in the market value of its venture capital investments as described in note 15. The impact of market risks on net post-employment benefit obligations and taxation is excluded from the following market risk sensitivity analysis. Interest rate exposure management The Group’s interest rate exposure management policy aims to minimise interest costs with an acceptable level of year-on-year At 31 December 2021, 62% of gross bank and bond borrowings were at fixed rate. A 100 basis point reduction in interest rates would result in an estimated decrease in net finance costs of £21m (2020: £23m), based on the composition of financial instruments including cash, cash equivalents, bank loans and commercial paper borrowings at 31 December 2021. A 100 basis point rise in interest rates would result in an estimated increase in net finance costs of £21m (2020: £23m). The impact on net equity of a theoretical change in interest rates as at 31 December 2021 is restricted to the change in carrying value of floating rate to fixed rate interest rate derivatives in a designated cash flow hedge relationship and undesignated interest rate derivatives. A 100 basis point reduction in interest rates would result in an estimated decrease in net equity of nil (2020: £1m) and a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would increase net equity by an estimated amount of nil (2020: £1m). The impact of a change in interest rates on the carrying value of fixed rate borrowings in a designated fair value hedge relationship would be offset by the change in carrying value of the related interest rate derivative. Fixed rate borrowings not in a designated hedging relationship are carried at amortised cost. The Group has assessed the impact of the Interbank Offered Rates (IBOR) reform and concluded that there will be no significant impact on the financial statements. The Group is primarily exposed to IBOR through its derivatives which swap fixed rate bond issuances to a floating rate of interest and which are designated in fair value hedge relationships. The table on page 170 details these interest rate derivatives which swap £1,713m of bonds with weighted average maturity of 4.5 years to a floating rate of interest referencing US dollar LIBOR (3 months) and swap £421m of bonds with weighted average maturity of 2.2 years to a floating rate of interest referencing Euribor (3 months). The Group has adopted the ISDA fallback protocol in respect of these derivatives and the fair value hedge designations are expected to remain highly effective throughout the transition to alternative risk free rates. Foreign currency exposure management Translation exposures arise on the earnings and net assets of individual businesses whose operational currencies are other than sterling. Some of these exposures are offset by denominating borrowings in US dollars, euros and other currencies. Currency exposures on transactions denominated in a foreign currency are generally hedged using forward contracts. In addition, recurring transactions and future investment exposures may be hedged, in advance of becoming contractual. The precise policy differs according to the specific circumstances of the individual businesses. Highly predictable future cash flows may be covered for transactions expected to occur during the next 24 months (50 months for the Scientific, Technical & Medical subscription businesses) within limits defined according to the period before the transaction is expected to become contractual. Cover takes the form of foreign exchange forward contracts. Further information is provided in ‘Cash flow hedges’ below. A theoretical weakening of all currencies by 10% against sterling at 31 December 2021 would decrease the carrying value of net assets, excluding net borrowings, by £781m (2020: £803m). This would be offset to a degree by a decrease in net borrowings of £677m (2020: £713m). A strengthening of all currencies by 10% against sterling at 31 December 2021 would increase the carrying value of net assets, excluding net borrowings, by £781m (2020: £803m) and increase net borrowings by £677m (2020: £713m). A retranslation of the Group’s net profit for the year, assuming a 10% weakening of all foreign currencies against sterling but excluding transactional exposures, would reduce net profit by £112m (2020: £95m). A 10% strengthening of all foreign currencies against sterling on this basis would increase net profit for the year by £112m (2020: £95m). Credit risk The Group seeks to manage interest rate risk and limit foreign exchange risks described above by the use of financial instruments and as a result has a credit risk from the potential non-performance The Group has treasury policies in place which do not allow concentrations of risk with individual counterparties and do not allow significant treasury exposures with counterparties which are rated lower than A-/A3 A-/A3 The Group also has credit risk with respect to trade receivables due from its customers, which include national and state governments, academic institutions and large and small enterprises including law firms, book stores and wholesalers. The concentration of credit risk from trade receivables is limited due to the large and broad customer base. Trade receivable exposures are managed locally in the business areas where they arise. Where appropriate, business areas seek to minimise this exposure by taking payment in advance and through management of credit terms. Expected credit losses are based on management’s assessment of the risk taking into account the ageing profile, experience and circumstance. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset, including derivative financial instruments, recorded in the statement of financial position. Included within trade receivables are the following amounts which are past due, after considering loss allowance: past due up to one month £156m (2020: £170m); past due two to three months £96m (2020: £83m); past due four to six months £35m (2020: £34m); and past due greater than six months £18m (2020: £46m). Hedge accounting The hedging relationships that are designated under IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments are described below. Fair value hedges The Group has entered into interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed rate borrowings due to interest rate and foreign currency movements which could affect the income statement. The table below details the designated fair value hedge relationships that were in place at 31 December 2021, swapping fixed rate term debt issues denominated in US dollars (USD) and euros to floating rate USD and euro debt respectively for the whole or part of their term, together with the related fixed and floating rates. FAIR VALUE HEDGE RELATIONSHIPS 31 December £m 31 December £m Fixed rate Floating rate € € – (448 ) 0.4% Euribor+0.3% $700m bond and $700m interest rate swaps maturing 2023 (517 ) (513 ) 3.5% USD LIBOR+0.8% € € (421 ) (448 ) 1.0% Euribor+0.7% € € (494 ) (490 ) 1.3% USD LIBOR+1.3% $200m bond and $200m interest rate swaps maturing 2027 (148 ) (146 ) 7.2% USD LIBOR+5.8% $750m bond and $750m interest rate swaps maturing 2030 (554 ) – 3.0% USD LIBOR+1.6% (2,134 ) (2,045 ) The gains and losses on the borrowings and related derivatives designated as fair value hedges, which are included in the income statement as part of finance costs, together with the total carrying values of the borrowings and related derivatives included in the statement of financial position, for the three years ended 31 December 2021, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2021 £m Fair value movement £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2021 £m Carrying values £m USD debt (36 ) 35 – (1 ) (1,221 ) Related interest rate swaps 36 (28 ) – 8 8 – 7 – 7 (1,213 ) EUR debt (83 ) 55 1 (27 ) (940 ) Related interest rate swaps 83 (55 ) (1 ) 27 27 – – – – (913 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (119 ) 90 1 (28 ) (2,161 ) Total related interest rate swaps 119 (83 ) (1 ) 35 35 Net gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value – 7 – 7 (2,126 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2020 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2020 £m Carrying values £m USD debt (13 ) (25 ) 2 (36 ) (701 ) Related interest rate swaps 13 25 (2 ) 36 36 – – – – (665 ) EUR debt (39 ) (47 ) 3 (83 ) (1,467 ) Related interest rate swaps 39 47 (3 ) 83 83 – – – – (1,384 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (52 ) (72 ) 5 (119 ) (2,168 ) Total related interest rate swaps 52 72 (5 ) 119 119 Net gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value – – – – (2,049 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2019 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2019 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 13 (26 ) – (13 ) (699 ) Related interest rate swaps (14 ) 27 – 13 13 (1 ) 1 – – (686 ) EUR debt (39 ) (2 ) 2 (39 ) (1,853 ) Related interest rate swaps 39 2 (2 ) 39 39 – – – – (1,814 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (26 ) (28 ) 2 (52 ) (2,552 ) Total related interest rate swaps 25 29 (2 ) 52 52 Net (loss)/gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value (1 ) 1 – – (2,500 ) All fair value hedges were highly effective throughout the three years ended 31 December 2021. Gross borrowings as at 31 December 2021 included £12m (2020: £15m) in relation to fair value adjustments to borrowings previously designated in a fair value hedge relationship which were de-designated de-designation Cash flow hedges As part of the Group’s interest rate exposure management, it has entered into certain cross-currency interest rate derivatives, individual components of which have been accounted for as cash flow hedges (with the remaining components accounted for as fair value hedges, as described above). These comprised interest rate derivatives which swapped a fixed rate € As part of the Group’s foreign currency exposure management, it has entered into forward foreign exchange contracts which fix the exchange rate on a portion of future foreign currency subscription revenues forecast by the businesses for up to 50 months. These have been accounted for as cash flow hedges under IFRS 9 of the forecast foreign currency revenues, with gains and losses on the forward contracts deferred in the hedge reserve until the related revenue is recognised, at which time the accumulated gains and losses are reclassified to the income statement. Movements in the hedge reserve and the cost of hedging reserve in 2020 and 2021, including gains and losses on cash flow hedging instruments, were as follows: Interest rate hedge reserve £m Cost of hedging reserve £m Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Total £m Hedge reserve at 31 December 2019: (losses) /gains deferred – (7 ) 14 7 Gains/(losses) arising in 2020 4 (1 ) (9 ) (6 ) Amounts recognised in income statement – – 22 22 Hedge reserve at 31 December 2020: gains/(losses) deferred 4 (8 ) 27 23 (Losses)/gains arising in 2021 (3 ) 2 11 10 Amounts recognised in income statement – – (9 ) (9 ) Hedge reserve at 31 December 2021: gains/(losses) deferred 1 (6 ) 29 24 All cash flow hedges were highly effective throughout the two years ended 31 December 2021. A deferred tax debit of £5m (2020: £4m) in respect of the above gains and losses at 31 December 2021 was also deferred in the hedge reserve. Of the amounts recognised in the income statement in the year, gains of £9m (2020: losses of £18m) were recognised in revenue, and losses of nil (2020: £4m) were recognised in finance costs. A tax debit of £2m (2020: credit of £5m) was recognised in relation to these items. The deferred gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges at 31 December 2021 are currently expected to be recognised in the income statement in future years as shown in the table below, together with the principal amount of hedges relating to each year and their total carrying values included within derivative assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position: Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Principal amount of hedges £m Carrying values £m 2022 16 442 23 2023 13 384 13 2024 – 210 – 2025 – 31 – Total 29 1,067 36 The cash flows for these hedges are expected to occur in line with the recognition of the gains and losses in the income statement, or in the preceding year. These cash flows are included in the table on page 168.

Inventories and pre-publication

Inventories and pre-publication costs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Information About Inventories Explanatory [Abstract]
Inventories and pre-publication costs	18 Inventories and pre-publication Accounting policy Inventories and pre-publication Pre-publication Annual reviews are carried out to assess the recoverability of carrying amounts. 2021 2020 Raw materials 2 2 Pre-publication 218 204 Finished goods 33 34 Total 253 240 During the year, pre-publication

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Trade and other receivables [abstract]
Trade and other receivables	19 Trade and other receivables Accounting policy Trade receivables are stated net of a loss allowance for expected credit losses. 2021 2020 Trade receivables 1,738 1,757 Loss allowance (106 ) (99 ) 1,632 1,658 Prepayments and accrued income 316 207 Current tax receivable 10 44 Net finance lease receivable 2 18 Total 1,960 1,927 Trade receivables are predominantly non-interest The movements in the loss allowance during the year were as follows: 2021 2020 At start of year 99 88 Charge for the year 17 19 Trade receivables written off (8 ) (8) Exchange translation differences (2 ) – At end of year 106 99

Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Trade and other payables [abstract]
Trade and other payables	20 Trade and other payables Accounting policy Deferred income is recognised when either a customer has paid consideration, or RELX has an unconditional right to an amount of consideration, in advance of the goods and services being delivered. 2021 2020 £m Trade payables 109 154 Accruals 718 634 Social security and other taxes 141 174 Other payables 351 352 Deferred income 1,956 1,946 Total 3,275 3,260 Trade and other payables are predominantly non-interest Materially all of the opening deferred income balance has been recognised in the reporting period.

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Borrowings By Type [Abstract]
Debt	21 Debt Accounting policy Borrowings are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost, other than fixed rate borrowings in designated hedging relationships for which the carrying amount of the hedged portion of the borrowings is subsequently adjusted for the gain or loss attributable to the hedged risk. When the related derivative in such a hedging relationship expires, is sold or terminated, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged borrowing is amortised in the income statement over the period to maturity of the borrowing using the effective interest method. 2021 2020 Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost: Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper 131 – 131 307 – 307 Term debt 32 3,410 3,442 – 4,147 4,147 Lease liabilities 69 139 208 92 183 275 Term debt in fair value hedging relationships – 2,161 2,161 448 1,721 2,169 Term debt previously in fair value hedging relationships – 225 225 – 225 225 Total 232 5,935 6,167 847 6,276 7,123 The total fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost (excluding lease liabilities) is £3,746m (2020: £4,843m). The total fair value of term debt in fair value hedging relationships is £2,268m (2020: £2,235m). The total fair value of term debt previously in fair value hedging relationships is £255m (2020: £270m). RELX PLC has given guarantees in respect of certain long-term and short-term borrowings issued by subsidiaries. Included within term debt above are debt securities issued by RELX Capital Inc., a 100% indirectly owned finance subsidiary of RELX PLC, which have been registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. RELX PLC has fully and unconditionally guaranteed these securities, which are not guaranteed by any other subsidiary of RELX PLC. Analysis by year of repayment 2021 2020 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total Within 1 year 131 32 69 232 307 448 92 847 Within 1 to 2 years – 641 40 681 – 32 47 79 Within 2 to 3 years – 1,012 37 1,049 – 651 44 695 Within 3 to 4 years – 628 29 657 – 1,082 37 1,119 Within 4 to 5 years – 626 17 643 – 673 28 701 After 5 years – 2,889 16 2,905 – 3,655 27 3,682 After 1 year – 5,796 139 5,935 – 6,093 183 6,276 Total 131 5,828 208 6,167 307 6,541 275 7,123 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper were backed up at 31 December 2021 by a $3.0bn (£2.2bn) committed bank facility, consisting of tranches of $1,263m (£936m) maturing in 2023 and $1,706m (£1,264m) maturing in 2024. The committed bank facility was undrawn. Analysis by currency 2021 2020 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m US dollar 68 2,691 79 2,838 228 2,751 120 3,099 Pound sterling – – 51 51 9 – 60 69 Euro 15 3,137 47 3,199 20 3,790 61 3,871 Other currencies 48 – 31 79 50 – 34 84 Total 131 5,828 208 6,167 307 6,541 275 7,123 Included in the US dollar amounts for term debt above is £515m (2020: £560m) of debt denominated in euros ( € €

Lease arrangements

Lease arrangements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Presentation of leases for lessee [abstract]
Lease arrangements	22 Lease arrangements Accounting policy All leases where RELX is the lessee (with the exception of short-term and low-value right-of-use right-of-use Low-value The leases held by the Group can be split into two categories: property and non-property. Non-property Right-of-use 2021 2020 At start of year 216 264 Additions 25 25 Acquisitions – 1 Remeasurement 9 12 Disposals (5 ) (1 ) Depreciation (66 ) (77 ) Impairment* (14 ) (11 ) Exchange translation differences (4 ) 3 At end of year 161 216 *2020 includes an £11m impairment which was classified as exceptional. Refer to note 2 for further detail. Lease liability 2021 £m 2020 £m Current Property (67 ) (88 ) Non-property (2 ) (4 ) Non-current Property (136 ) (178 ) Non-property (3 ) (5 ) Total (208 ) (275 ) Interest expense on the lease liabilities recognised within finance costs was £8m (2020: £12m; 2019: £15m). As at 31 December 2021, RELX was committed to leases with future cash outflows totalling £5m (31 December 2020: £9m) which had not yet commenced and as such are not accounted for as a liability as at 31 December 2021. A liability and corresponding right-of-use RELX subleases vacant space available within its leased properties. IFRS 16 specifies conditions whereby a sublease is classed as a finance lease for the sub-lessor. 2021 £m 2020 £m Net finance lease receivable 2 18 Short-term and low-value Interest income recognised in relation to finance lease receivables is disclosed in note 7.

Share capital, share premium an

Share capital, share premium and shares held in treasury	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of classes of share capital [abstract]
Share capital, share premium and shares held in treasury	23 Share capital and shares held in treasury Accounting policy Shares of RELX PLC that are repurchased and not cancelled are classified as shares held in treasury. The consideration paid, including directly attributable costs, is recognised as a deduction from equity. Shares of RELX PLC that are purchased by the Employee Benefit Trust are also classified as shares held in treasury, with the cost recognised as a deduction from equity. RELX PLC CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL – ISSUED AND FULLY PAID No. of shares 2021 £m No. of shares 2020 £m At start of year 1,982,299,312 286 1,980,802,659 286 Issue of ordinary shares 2,662,320 – 1,496,653 – At end of year 1,984,961,632 286 1,982,299,312 286 NUMBER OF ORDINARY SHARES Year ended 31 December Shares in issue (millions) Treasury shares (millions) 2021 Shares in issue net of treasury shares* (millions) 2020 Shares in issue net of treasury shares* (millions) RELX PLC At start of year 1,982.3 (56.3 ) 1,926.0 1,931.8 Issue of ordinary shares 2.7 – 2.7 1.5 Repurchase of ordinary shares – – – (7.8 ) Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust – 0.7 0.7 0.5 At end of year 1,985.0 (55.6 ) 1,929.4 1,926.0 * At 31 December 2021 the total shares in issue net of treasury shares is 1,929,425,389 (2020: 1,926,018,680). During the year, RELX PLC repurchased no RELX PLC ordinary shares (2020: 7.8m; 2019: 33.5m); repurchased shares are held in treasury. In 2020 the total consideration for the RELX PLC repurchases was £150m. The Employee Benefit Trust purchases RELX PLC shares which, at the trustees’ discretion, can be used in respect of the exercise of share options and to meet commitments under conditional share awards. During the year, the Employee Benefit Trust purchased 61,040 shares for a total cost of £1m (2020: £37m; 2019: £37m). At 31 December 2021, shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust were £86m (2020: £97m; 2019: £94m) at cost. The issue of ordinary shares in the year relates to the exercise of share options. All of the RELX PLC ordinary shares rank equally with respect to voting rights and rights to receive dividends, except for shares held in treasury, which do not attract voting or dividend rights. There are no restrictions on the rights to transfer shares. At 31 December 2021, RELX PLC shares held in treasury related to 5,448,564 (2020: 6,192,953; 2019: 6,753,010) RELX PLC ordinary shares held by the Employee Benefit Trust; and 50,087,679 (2020: 50,087,679; 2019: 42,267,027) RELX PLC ordinary shares held by the parent company. No RELX PLC ordinary shares held in treasury were cancelled in 2021 (2020: nil).

Other reserves

Other reserves	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Other Reserves [Abstract]
Other reserves	24 Other reserves Hedge reserve 2021 £m Other reserves 2021 £m Total 2021 £m Total 2020 £m At start of year 19 1,195 1,214 979 Profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders – 1,471 1,471 1,224 Dividends paid – (920 ) (920 ) (880 ) Actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes – 321 321 (155 ) Fair value movements on cash flow hedges 10 – 10 (6 ) Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve (9 ) – (9 ) 22 Tax recognised in other comprehensive income (1 ) (48 ) (49 ) 35 Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax) – 55 55 27 Settlement of share awards – (12 ) (12 ) (34 ) Acquisitions – – – 2 At end of year 19 2,062 2,081 1,214 Other reserves principally comprise retained earnings and the share based remuneration reserve.

Related party transactions

Related party transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Related party transactions	25 Related party transactions Transactions between RELX PLC and subsidiaries of the Group have been eliminated within the consolidated financial statements. Transactions with joint ventures were made on normal market terms of trading and comprise sales of goods and services of nil (2020: nil; 2019: £4m) and the rendering and receiving of goods and services of £0.2m (2020: £0.1m; 2019: £0.1m). As at 31 December 2021, amounts owed by joint ventures were £2.4m (2020: £0.8m; 2019: £5m) and amounts due to joint ventures were £1.4m (2020: £0.4m; 2019: £0.5m). See note 6 for details of the Group’s participation in defined benefit pension schemes. Key management personnel are also related parties as defined by IAS 24 – Related Party Disclosures and comprise the Executive and Non-Executive KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL REMUNERATION 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Salaries, other short-term employee benefits and non-executive 7 6 7 Post-employment benefits 1 1 1 Share based remuneration* 8 1 7 Total 16 8 15 EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Salary £’000 Benefits £’000 Annual incentive £’000 Share based remuneration* £’000 Pension* £’000 Total £’000 Total Executive Directors 2021 2,085 97 3,604 7,953 774 14,514 2020 2,034 99 2,623 595 687 6,038 2019 1,984 101 3,038 7,343 725 13,191 * The figures for share based awards are calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in the UK Regulations. The figure for performance-related share based awards includes share price appreciation since the date the award was granted. Please see page 102 for further details. Pension is calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in the UK Regulations. NON-EXECUTIVE 2021 £’000 2020 £’000 2019 £’000 Fees and benefits 1,055 1,558 1,569 The remuneration of non-executive

Exchange rates

Exchange rates	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Foreign exchange rates [abstract]
Exchange rates	26 Exchange rates The following exchange rates have been applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements: Income statement Statement of financial position 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 Euro to sterling 1.16 1.12 1.14 1.19 1.12 US dollar to sterling 1.38 1.28 1.28 1.35 1.37

Approval of financial statement

Approval of financial statements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Approval Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Approval of financial statements	27 Approval of financial statements The consolidated financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 9 February 2022.

Related undertakings

Related undertakings	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Related undertakings	28 Related undertakings A full list of related undertakings (comprising subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and other significant holdings) is set out below. All are 100% owned directly or indirectly by the Group except where percentage ownership denoted in (x%).​​​​​​​ Company name Share class Reg office Australia Emailage Pty Ltd Preference AUS2 LNRS Data Services (Australia) Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS1 Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 RELX Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 ThreatMetrix Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 Austria LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH & Co KG Ordinary AUT2 ORAC GmbH Ordinary AUT2 Reed CEE GmbH Ordinary AUT1 Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH Ordinary AUT3 Reed Messe Wien GmbH Ordinary AUT1 RELX Austria GmbH Ordinary AUT3 Standout GmbH Ordinary AUT4 Belgium LexisNexis BV Ordinary BEL1 Brazil Elsevier Editora Ltda Quotas BRA1 Fircosoft Brasil Consultoria e Servicos de Informatica Ltda Quotas BRA2 LexisNexis Informações e Sistemas Empresariais Ltda Quotas BRA6 LexisNexis Serviços de Análise de Risco Ltda Quotas BRA7 MLex Brasil Midia Mercadologica Ltda Quotas BRA4 Reed Exhibitions Alcântara Machado Ltda Quotas BRA3 SST Software do Brasil Ltda Quotas BRA5 Canada Elsevier Canada Inc. Common CAN3 LexisNexis Canada Inc. Class A CAN1 RELX Canada Ltd Common CAN2 China Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd (25%) Ordinary CHN1 Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd (49%) Common CHN2 C-One Ordinary CHN5 Genilex (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN6 ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN18 KeAi Communications Co., Ltd (49%) Ordinary CHN15 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd Common CHN7 Reed Business Information (Shanghai) Co Ltd Ordinary CHN13 Reed Elsevier Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd Common CHN3 Reed Exhibitions (China) Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN4 Reed Exhibitions Hengjin Co., Ltd (51%) Ordinary CHN12 Reed Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN10 Reed Huabai Exhibitions (Beijing) Co., Ltd (51%) Ordinary CHN4 Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd (65%) Ordinary CHN16 Reed Huaqun Exhibitions Co., Ltd (52%) Ordinary CHN4 Reed Exhibitions Kuozhan (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (60%) Ordinary CHN8 Reed Sinopharm Exhibitions Co., Ltd (50%) Ordinary CHN4 RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN9 Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN17 Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd (27.5%) Ordinary CHN11 Z&R Exhibitions Co., Ltd (27.5%) Ordinary CHN14 Colombia LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S. Ordinary COL1 Denmark Elsevier A/S Ordinary DNK1 Dubai, UAE Reed Exhibitions F Z-LLC Ordinary UAE1 RELX Middle East FZ-LLC Ordinary UAE2 Egypt Elsevier Egypt LLC Ordinary EGY1 France Closd SAS Ordinary FRA9 Elsevier Holding France SAS Ordinary FRA1 Elsevier Masson SAS Ordinary FRA1 Evoluprint SAS Ordinary FRA2 Fircosoft SAS Ordinary FRA8 GIE EDI Data (83%) Ordinary FRA3 GIE Juris Data Ordinary FRA3 Company name Share class Reg office GIE PRK – Publicite Robert Krier Registered Capital FRA4 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions SA Ordinary FRA3 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding SA Ordinary FRA5 LexisNexis International Development & Services SAS Ordinary FRA3 LexisNexis SA Ordinary FRA3 Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL Ordinary FRA6 RELX France SA Ordinary FRA6 RELX France Services SAS Ordinary FRA8 RX France SAS Ordinary FRA4 SAFI SA (50%) Ordinary FRA7 Germany Elsevier GmbH Ordinary DEU3 Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Ordinary DEU2 LexisNexis GmbH Ordinary DEU4 PatentSight GmbH Ordinary DEU6 Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH Ordinary DEU1 RELX Deutschland GmbH Ordinary DEU1 Tschach Solutions GmbH Ordinary DEU5 Greece Mack Brooks Hellas SA Ordinary GRE1 Hong Kong Ascend China Holding Ltd Ordinary HNK1 JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd (65%) Ordinary HNK5 JYLN Sager Ltd Ordinary HNK3 LNRS Data Services (China) Ltd Ordinary HNK2 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary HNK5 RELX (Greater China) Ltd Ordinary HNK4 India FircoSoft India Private Ltd Ordinary IND2 Next Events Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Parity Computing India Private Ltd Ordinary IND3 Reed Elsevier Publishing (India) Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd (70%) Ordinary IND1 Reed Triune Exhibitions Private Ltd (72%) Ordinary IND4 RELX India Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Indonesia PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia (70%) Class A IDN1 Class B PT RELX Information Analytics Indonesia Ordinary IDN2 Ireland Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd Ordinary IRL2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Europe) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 3D4Medical Ltd Ordinary IRL3 3D4Medical Support Services Ltd Ordinary IRL3 Israel LexisNexis Israel Ltd Ordinary ISR1 Italy Elsevier SRL Registered Capital ITA1 ICIS Italia SRL Ordinary ITA2 Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL Ordinary ITA1 Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL Ordinary ITA1 Japan Ascend Japan KK Ordinary JPN1 Elsevier Japan KK Ordinary JPN2 LexisNexis Japan KK Ordinary JPN2 PatentSight Japan Inc. Common Shares JPN4 Reed ISG Japan KK Ordinary JPN3 RX Japan KK Ordinary JPN3 Korea (Republic of) Elsevier Korea LLC Ordinary KOR1 LexisNexis Legal and Professional Service Korea Ltd Ordinary KOR2 Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd Ordinary KOR3 Reed Exporum Ltd (60%) Ordinary KOR4 Reed K. Fairs Ltd (70%) Ordinary KOR3 Macau Reed Exhibitions Macau Ltd Ordinary MAC1 Malaysia LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd Ordinary MYS1 Company name Share class Reg office Mexico Emailage MCA, SA de CV Ordinary MEX2 Masson-Doyma Mexico, S.A. Ordinary MEX1 Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V. Fixed MEX3 New Zealand LexisNexis NZ Ltd Ordinary NZL1 Philippines Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc. Common Shares PHL1 Poland AI Digital Contracts Sp. z.o.o. (75%) Ordinary POL1 Elsevier Sp. z.o.o. Ordinary POL2 Russia Elsevier LLC Participation Shares RUS1 LexisNexis LLC Ordinary RUS1 Real Estate Events Direct LLC (80%) Participation Shares RUS1 RELX LLC Participation Shares RUS1 3D4Medical LLC Ordinary RUS2 Singapore Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 Emailage Pte. Ltd Ordinary SGP5 Lexis-Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd (75%) Ordinary-B SGP2 Preference shares LNRS Data Services Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP3 RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 RELX (Singapore) Pte. Ltd Ordinary SGP2 South Africa Globalrange SA (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF1 LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd (78%) Ordinary ZAF2 LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd (78%) Ordinary ZAF2 Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd (78%) Ordinary ZAF2 RELX (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Events Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Exhibitions Group(Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Spain Elsevier Espana SL Participations ESP1 Switzerland Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH Ordinary CHE2 RELX Swiss Holdings SA Ordinary CHE1 Taiwan Elsevier Taiwan LLC Ordinary TWN1 Thailand Reed Tradex Company Ltd (49%) Ordinary Preference THA1 RELX Holding (Thailand) Co., Ltd Ordinary THA2 RELX Information Analytics (Thailand) Co., Ltd Ordinary THA3 The Netherlands AGRM Solutions C.V. Partnership Interest NLD1 Elsevier B.V. Ordinary NLD1 ICIS Benchmarking Europe B.V Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V. Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Univentio B.V. Ordinary NLD2 LNRS Data Services BV Ordinary NLD1 Misset Uitgeverij B.V.(49%) Ordinary NLD3 One Business B.V. (33%) Ordinary NLD4 RELX Employment Company B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Finance B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Holdings B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Nederland B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Overseas B.V. Ordinary RE NLD1 Turkey Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited Şirketi Ordinary TUR1 Mack Brooks Fuarcilik A.S Registered Capital TUR 3 Reed Tüyap Fuarcilik A.Ş.(50%) A Ordinary TUR2 B Ordinary United Kingdom 3rd Street Group Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Butterworths Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Company name Share class Reg office Cordery Compliance Ltd (71%) Ordinary GBR4 Cordery Ltd (71%) Ordinary GBR4 Crediva Ltd Ordinary GBR5 Dew Events Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Digital Foundry Network Ltd (50%) Ordinary GBR3 E & P Events LLP (50%) No Shares GBR3 Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd Ordinary GBR7 Elsevier Ltd Ordinary GBR7 Emailage Ltd Ordinary GBR5 Gamer Network Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Gapsquare Ltd A Ordinary, GBR2 B Ordinary Imbibe Media Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Insurance Initiatives Ltd Ordinary GBR8 LexisNexis Risk Solutions UK Ltd Ordinary GBR5 LNRS Data Services HoldingsLtd Ordinary GBR1 LNRS Data Services Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Mack-Brooks Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Mack-Brooks (France) Ltd Ordinary GBR3 MCM Central Ltd Ordinary GBR3 MCM Expo Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Mendeley Ltd Ordinary GBR7 MLex Ltd Ordinary GBR4 NLife Ltd (23.5%) Ordinary GBR12 Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Offshore Europe Partnership (50%) Partnership Interest GBR3 Out There Gaming Ltd (70%) Ordinary GBR3 Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd (55%) Ordinary GBR10 RE (EPS) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE (HPL) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE (RCB) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE Secretaries Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE (SOE) Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Reed Business Information Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Events Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Reed Nominees Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Finance Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Group plc Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Holdings) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Investments) plc Ordinary GBR1 RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (UK) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 REV GP (UK) LLP No Shares GBR1 REV Venture Partners Ltd Ordinary GBR1 REV V LP Partnership Interest GBR1 SciBite Ltd A Ordinary, GBR13 B Ordinary, C Ordinary Snowflake Software Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Tracesmart Ltd Ordinary GBR5 TruNarrative Ltd Ordinary GBR5 Wunelli Ltd Ordinary GBR11 United States Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc. Common Stock USA1 Accuity Inc. Common Stock USA1 Altiris, Inc. Common Stock USA1 American Textile Machinery Exhibition International Inc. (40%) Common Stock USA3 Aries Systems Corporation Common Stock USA3 Chemical Data, LLC Membership Interest USA3 Crop Data Management Systems, Inc. Common Stock USA3 Dunlap-Hanna Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA7 Elsevier Holdings Inc. Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Inc. Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Medical Information LLC Membership Interest USA3 Elsevier STM Inc. Common Stock USA3 Emailage Corp. Common Stock USA2 Enclarity, Inc. Common Stock USA2 Gaming Business Asia LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Health Market Science, Inc. Common Stock USA2 ID Analytics LLC Membership Interest USA1 IDG-RBI Membership Interest USA3 Knovel Corporation Common Stock USA3 Knowable Inc (75%) Common Stock USA8 Knowledge Diffusion Inc. Common Stock USA3 Legal InQuery Solutions Inc. Common Stock USA9 LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis of Puerto Rico Inc. Common Stock USA9 LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc. Common Stock USA2 Company name Share class Reg office LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc . Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions FL Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Special Services Inc. Common Stock USA6 LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc. Common Stock USA2 LNRS Data Services Inc. Common Stock USA5 Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Common Stock USA3 MLex US, Inc. Common Stock USA3 PCLaw Time Matters LLC (51%) No Stock USA2 PoliceReports.US, LLC Membership Interest USA2 Portfolio Media, Inc. Common Stock USA3 Reed Technology and Information Services Inc. Common Stock USA3 RELX Capital Inc. Common Stock USA4 RELX Inc. Common Stock USA3 RELX Risks Inc. Common Stock USA2 RELX US Holdings Inc. Common Stock USA3 REV IV Partnership LP No Stock USA4 SAFI Americas LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 SageStream LLC Membership Interest USA1 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2005 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2006 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2011 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2012 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2013 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Remick Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA7 ThreatMetrix, Inc. Common Stock USA2 TruNarrative LLC Membership Interest USA3 World Compliance, Inc. Common Stock USA4 ZetX, Inc. Common Stock, USA6 Common Class B Vietnam Reed Tradex Vietnam LLC (49%) Ordinary VIE1 Registered offices Australia AUS1: Building B, Level 2, Unit 11, 1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153 AUS2: Tower 2, Level 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067 Austria AUT1: Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria AUT2: Marxergasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria AUT3: Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria AUT4: Am Messezentrum 7, 5020, Salzburg, Austria Belgium BEL1: Oudenaardseheerweg 129, 9810 Nazareth, Belgium Brazil BRA1: Rua da Assembleia no 100, 6th Floor, RJ Centro, Rio de Janiero, 20011-904, BRA2: Rua Bela Cintra 2305, São Paulo, 01415-009,Brazil BRA3: Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200, 10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, BRA4: Avenida paulista, 2300-Piso Pilotis room 28, Sao Paulo, 01310-300,Brazil BRA5: Rua Cel Fonseca, 203 A-Centro, 18600-200,Brazil BRA6: Avenida Ibirapuera, 2033, CJ 81, SL 6, Sao Paulo , SP, 04029-901, BRA7: Alameda Rio Negro, 161 Alphaville Industrial, Barueri SP 06.455-000, BRA8: Rua Alvaro Anes 46, 3 Andar, Sâo Paulo, 05421-010, Canada CAN1: 123 Commerce Valley Drive East, Suite 700, Markham, Ontario, L3T 7W8, Canada CAN2: 555 RIichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario,M5V 3B1, Canada CAN3: 26E-1501 China CHN1: Zhongkun Building, Room 612, Gaoliangqiaoxie Street, No. 59, Haidan District, Beijing, 100044, China CHN2: West Building of Administration Building, Xueyuan Road No. 38 Peking University Health Science Center, Haidan District, Beijing, 100191, China CHN3: Oriental Plaza, No. 1 East Chang An Ave, Tower W1, 7th Floor, Unit 1-7, CHN4: Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 CHN5: Unit B1303-1 CHN6: 404 F4, No.9 Shangdi 9th Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China CHN7: Room 5106, Raffle City, 268 Middle Xizang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001, China CHN8: Intercontinental Center, 42F, 100 Yutong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200070, China CHN9: Room 319, 238 Jiangchangsan Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, China CHN10: Room 304, Sanlian Building, No.8, Huajing Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200070, China CHN11: Building 2, Room No. 3895, Changjiang Avenue, No. 161, Changliang Farm, Chongming County, Shanghai, China CHN12: Floor 2, No.979, Yunhan Road, Nicheng Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China CHN13: 4/F Block C, No 999 Jingzhong Road, Changning District, Shanghai, China CHN14: A0208, 1st floor, building 2, Yard 66, Yanfu Road, Yancun Tow, Fangshan District Beijing, China CHN15: 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing, 100717, China CHN16: Shenzhen International Chamber of Commerce Tower, Room 1801-1802, 1805, Fuhua 3rd Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518048, China CHN17: 5/F Unit A, Digital China Centre No. 567 Tianshan West Road, ChangNing District, Shanghai, 200335, China CHN18: Room 12B, 7th Floor, Oriental Plaza, 1 East Chang An Avenue, Beijing, China Colombia COL1: Philippe Prietocarrizosa & Uria Abogados, Carrera 9 No. 74-08 Denmark DNK1: Niels Jernes Vej 10, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark Dubai, UAE UAE1: Office G-49, UAE2: Al Sufouh Complex, Floor 3, No. 304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Egypt EGY1: Land Mark Office Building, 2nd Floor, 90th Street, City Center, 5th Settlement, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt France FRA1: 65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issy les Moulineaux, France FRA2: Parc Euronord – 10, rue du Parc – 31150 Bruguieres, France FRA3: 141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris, France FRA4: 52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux, France FRA5: Immeuble « Technopolis », 350 rue Georges Besse –Nîmes (30000), France FRA6: 27-33 FRA7: 6-8 FRA8: 151-155 FRA9: 168, Rue Saint-Denis, 75002 Paris, France Registered offices Germany DEU1: Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU2: St. Martin Tower, Wing, 2nd floor, Franklinstraße 61-63, DEU3: Bernhard-Wicki-Strasse 5, 80636, Munich, Bavaria, Germany DEU4: Heerdter Sandberg 30, 40549, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU5: Steinhäuserstrasse 9, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany DEU6: Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 33, 53227, Bonn Greece GRE1: 188A, Filolaou Str., Athens, 11632, Greece Hong Kong HNK1: 20/F Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong HNK2: Level 54 Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East, Hong Kong HNK3: Flat 1506, 15/F, Lucky Center, No. 165-171 HNK4: 11/F Oxford House, Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong HNK5: 17th Floor, One Island East, Taikoo Place, 18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong India IND1: 818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India IND2: S21 Vatika Centre, No 471 Anna Salai, Taynampet, Chennai, 600035, India IND3: 99/100, Prestige Towers Unit No. 505, Fifth Floor, Residency Road, Bangalore , Karnataka, 560025, India IND4: #25, 3rd floor, 8th Main Road, Vasanthnager, Bangalore, 560052, India Indonesia IDN1: APL Tower Central Park 26th Floor Unit T3 Jl. S. Parman Kav., 28, Grogol, Pertamburan Jakarta Barat 11470, Indonesia IDN2: Gedung World Trade Center, 3 LT 20 Spaces JL Jend Sudirman Kav 29-31 Ireland IRL1: 80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland IRL2: Suite 4320, Atlantic Avenue, Westpark Business Campus, Shannon, Clare, Ireland IRL3: 1st Floor The Grange Stillorgan Road, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland Israel ISR1: Meitar, attorneys at Law, 16 Abba Hillel Road, Ramat Gan, 5250608, Israel Italy ITA1: Via Marostica 1, 20146, Milan, Italy ITA2: Studio Colombo e Associati, Via Cino del Duca 5, 20122, Milano, Italy Japan JPN1: Kyodo Tsushin Kaikam 2F, 2-2-5 Minato-ku, 105-0001 JPN2: 1-9-15, Minato-ku JPN3: Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg., 1-26-2 JPN4: 7F Cross Office Uchisaiwaicho, 1-18-6 Minato-ku, Korea (South) KOR1: Chunwoo Building, 4th floor, 534 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-gu, 140-861, KOR2: 206 Noksapyeong-daero, Yongsan-gu, KOR3: 1622-24 Songpa-gu, KOR4: 4th floor at 195-6 Malaysia MYS1: Suite 29-1, Macau MAC1: Rua De Xangai, No. 175 Edif. Associacao Comercial de Macau, 11 Andar, Bloco K, Macau Mexico MEX1: Av Insurgentes Sur # 1388 Piso 8, Col. Actipan, Deleg. Benito Juarez, Mexico DF, C.P. 03230, Mexico MEX2: DVNA Del Valle-Nunez y Asociados, Goldsmith No 37 Desp 803, Col Planco Chapultepe, Ciudad de Viver, 11.560,Mexico MEX 3: Avenida Paseo de la Reforma 243, Piso 15, Col. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, 06500, Mexico New Zealand NZL1: Level 1, 138 The Terrace, P.O. Box 472, Wellington 6011, New Zealand Philippines PHL1: Building H, 2nd Floor, U.P. Ayalaland TechnoHub, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila, 1101, Philippines Poland POL1: ul. św. Antoniego 2/4, 50-073, POL2: Al. JJana Pawla II, 22, 00-133, Registered offices Russia RUS1: Office 13, room 1, 2nd Syromyatnicheskiy 1, 105120, Moscow, Russian Federation RUS2: Krasnykh Partizan St. 152, Office 505, 350049, City of Krasnodar, Russian Federation Singapore SGP1: 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 SGP2: 80 Robinson Road, #02-00, SGP3: 1 Changi Business Park Crescent, #06-01 SGP4: 120 Lower Delta Road, #12-02, SGP5: 71 Robinson Road, #14-01, South Africa ZAF1: Fourways Gold Park, 1st Floor – Wentworth Building, 32 Roos Street, Fourways, 2191, South Africa ZAF2: Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa Spain ESP1: C/ Josep Tarradellas 20-30, Switzerland CHE1: Faubourg de l’Hôpital 23, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland CHE2: Bahnhofstrasse 100, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland Taiwan TWN1: Rm N818, 8F, Chia Hsin Building II, No. 9, Lane 3, Minsheng West Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan Thailand THA1: Sathorn Nakorn Building, Floor 32, No. 100/68-69 THA2: 14th Floor, CTI Tower, 191/70-73 THA3: 2 Ploenchit Centre, Room 7, Floor G., Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand The Netherlands NLD1: Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands NLD2: Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, Netherlands NLD3: Prins Hendrikstraat 17, 7001GK Doetinchem NLD4: Spaklerweg 53, 1114 AE Amsterdam-Duivendrecht Turkey TUR1: Maslak Mah. Bilim Sokak Sun Plaza Kat:13 Şişli-Maslak, TUR2: E - 5 Karayolu Üzeri, Gürpınar Kavşağı 34500, Büyükçekmece, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey TUR3: Fulya Mah. Hakkı Yeten Cad. No:10/C, Selenium Plaza Kat:5,6 Fulya, Beşiktaş İstanbul, Turkey United Kingdom GBR1: 1-3 GBR2: Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom GBR3: Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom GBR4: Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom GBR5: Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom GBR6: The Eye, 1 Procter Street, London, WC1V 6EU, United Kingdom GBR7: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom GBR8: Third Floor, City Buildings, Carrington Street, Nottingham, NG1 7FG GBR9: 1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 8BW GBR10: 40 Kimbolton Road, Bedford, England, MK40 2NR GBR11: 1000 Lakeside, Western Road, Portsmouth, PO6 3EN, United Kingdom GBR12: 5 Oakwood Drive, Loughborough, England, LE11 3QF GBR13: Biodata Innovation Centre Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, England, CB10 1DR United States USA1: 1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201 USA2: 1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005 USA3: 230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169 USA4: 1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA5: 3355 West Alabama Street, Houston, TX 77098 USA6: Puerta Del Condado #1095, Wilson Ave, Local #3, San Juan, PR 00907 USA7: 313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458 USA8: 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA9: 9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg, OH 45342 Vietnam VIE1: 2nd Floor, Kova Center, 92G-92H

5 year summary

5 year summary	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Financial Information [Abstract]
5 year summary	5 year summary Note 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m 2018 £m 2017 £m RELX consolidated financial information Revenue 7,244 7,110 7,874 7,492 7,341 Reported operating profit 1,884 1,525 2,101 1,964 1,905 Adjusted operating profit 1 2,210 2,076 2,491 2,346 2,284 Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,471 1,224 1,505 1,422 1,648 Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1 1,689 1,543 1,808 1,674 1,620 RELX PLC financial information Reported earnings per ordinary share (pence) 76.3 63.5 77.4 71.9 81.6 Adjusted earnings per ordinary share (pence) 87.6 80.1 93.0 84.7 80.2 Dividend per ordinary share (pence) 2 49.8 47.0 45.7 42.1 39.4 (1) Adjusted figures are presented as additional performance measures used by management. Further details on the adjusted measures can be found in the Alternative performance measures section on pages 193 to 197. (2) Dividend per ordinary share is based on the interim dividend and proposed final dividend for the relevant year.

Basis of preparation and acco_2

Basis of preparation and accounting policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of preparation	Basis of preparation The shares of RELX PLC are traded on the London, Amsterdam and New York stock exchanges. RELX PLC and its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are together known as ‘RELX’. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, subsidiaries are accounted for under the acquisition method and investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method. All intra-group transactions and balances are eliminated. On acquisition of a subsidiary, or interest in an associate or joint venture, fair values, reflecting conditions at the date of acquisition, are attributed to the net assets, including identifiable intangible assets acquired. Adjustments are made to bring accounting policies into line with those of the Group. The results of subsidiaries sold or acquired are included in the consolidated financial statements up to or from the date that control passes from or to the Group. Non-controlling Non-controlling non-controlling The Directors of RELX PLC, having made appropriate enquiries, consider that adequate resources exist for the Group to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and that, therefore, it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021. In preparing the group financial statements management has considered the impact of climate change, taking into account the relevant disclosures in the Strategic Report, including those made in accordance with the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosure. This included an assessment of assets with indefinite and long lives and how they could be impacted by measures taken to address global warming. Recognising that the environmental impact of the group’s operations, and the use of the group’s products, is relatively low, no issues were identified that would impact the carrying values of such assets or have any other impact on the financial statements.
Accounting policies	Accounting policies The Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The accounting policies under IFRS are included in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies below are applied throughout the financial statements and are unchanged from those applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020.
Foreign exchange translation	Foreign exchange translation The consolidated financial statements are presented in sterling. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. Non-monetary Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Income and expense items and cash flows of foreign operations are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Significant individual items of income and expense and cash flows in foreign operations are translated at the rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising are classified as equity and transferred to the translation reserve. When foreign operations are disposed of, the related cumulative translation differences are recognised within the income statement in the period. The Group uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forward contracts, to hedge its exposure to certain foreign exchange risks. Details of the Group’s accounting policies in respect of derivative financial instruments are set out on page 167.
Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty	Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty The preparation of financial statements requires management to make judgements and estimates in the application of accounting policies used to report the financial position, results and cash flows of the Group. The actual outcome may differ to these estimates. The critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty are summarised below. Further detail is provided in the notes to the financial statements as referenced. Critical judgements ◾ Acquired intangible assets: identification of separate intangible assets on acquisition (see note 14) ◾ Capitalisation of development spend: assessing the potential value of a development project and determining the costs which are eligible for capitalisation (see note 14)
Other significant accounting policies	Other significant accounting policies The accounting policy in respect of revenue recognition is also significant in determining the financial condition and results of the Group. The application of this policy is straightforward, and is included in note 2.
Standards and amendments effective for the year	Standards and amendments effective for the year The interpretations and amendments to IFRS effective for 2021 have not had a significant impact on the Group’s accounting policies or reporting.
Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective	Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective A number of amendments and interpretations have been issued which are not expected to have any significant impact on the accounting policies and reporting.

Revenue and segment analysis (T

Revenue and segment analysis (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of operating segments [abstract]
Summary of Analysis by Business Segment	ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Revenue Adjusted operating profit 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Risk 2,474 2,417 2,316 915 894 853 Scientific, Technical & Medical 2,649 2,692 2,637 1,001 1,021 982 Legal 1,587 1,639 1,652 326 330 330 Exhibitions* 534 362 1,269 10 (164 ) 331 Sub-total 7,244 7,110 7,874 2,252 2,081 2,496 Unallocated items** – – – (42 ) (5 ) (5 ) Total 7,244 7,110 7,874 2,210 2,076 2,491 * Exceptional costs excluded from adjusted operating profit in 2020 are disclosed on page 147. ** Includes a £35m one-off charge relating to reductions in our corporate real estate footprint.
Summary of Classification of Revenue	2021 Risk Scientific, Technical Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,957 1,215 1,049 100 4,321 Europe* 342 602 341 187 1,472 Rest of world 175 832 197 247 1,451 Total revenue 2,474 2,649 1,587 534 7,244 Revenue by format Electronic 2,453 2,334 1,385 58 6,230 Face-to-face 13 2 9 476 500 Print 8 313 193 – 514 Total revenue 2,474 2,649 1,587 534 7,244 Revenue by type Subscriptions 989 1,970 1,255 – 4,214 Transactional 1,485 679 332 534 3,030 Total revenue 2,474 2,649 1,587 534 7,244 * Europe includes revenue of £476m from the United Kingdom (2020: £464m; 2019: £529m). 2020 Risk Scientific, Technical Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,921 1,224 1,119 43 4,307 Europe 327 621 338 83 1,369 Rest of world 169 847 182 236 1,434 Total revenue 2,417 2,692 1,639 362 7,110 Revenue by format Electronic 2,387 2,326 1,422 44 6,179 Face-to-face 19 1 7 318 345 Print 11 365 210 – 586 Total revenue 2,417 2,692 1,639 362 7,110 Revenue by type Subscriptions 944 2,048 1,287 – 4,279 Transactional 1,473 644 352 362 2,831 Total revenue 2,417 2,692 1,639 362 7,110 2019 Risk Scientific, Technical & Medical Legal Exhibitions Total Revenue by geographical market North America 1,843 1,182 1,118 248 4,391 Europe 317 635 340 508 1,800 Rest of world 156 820 194 513 1,683 Total revenue 2,316 2,637 1,652 1,269 7,874 Revenue by format Electronic 2,264 2,214 1,400 51 5,929 Face-to-face 25 8 9 1,218 1,260 Print 27 415 243 – 685 Total revenue 2,316 2,637 1,652 1,269 7,874 Revenue by type Subscriptions 872 1,970 1,287 – 4,129 Transactional 1,444 667 365 1,269 3,745 Total revenue 2,316 2,637 1,652 1,269 7,874
Summary of Analysis of Revenue by Geographical Origin	ANALYSIS OF REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN 2021 2020 2019 North America 4,204 4,192 4,308 Europe 2,547 2,436 2,832 Rest of world 493 482 734 Total 7,244 7,110 7,874
Summary of Analysis by Business Segment Expenditure	ANALYSIS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT Expenditure on acquired goodwill and Capital expenditure Amortisation of acquired Total depreciation and intangible assets additions intangible assets other amortisation 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Risk 208 822 47 83 93 96 186 192 170 93 98 89 Scientific, Technical & Medical 58 169 65 87 94 104 63 65 62 144 148 136 Legal 12 – 139 145 153 155 27 68 24 220 210 178 Exhibitions 9 6 251 24 24 26 22 51 39 30 73 41 Total 287 997 502 339 364 381 298 376 295 487 529 444
Summary of Analysis of Non-current Assets by Geographical Location	ANALYSIS OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m North America 8,657 8,940 8,365 Europe 2,123 2,058 2,156 Rest of world 413 418 481 Total 11,193 11,416 11,002
Summary of Reconciliation of Operating Profit to Adjusted Operating Profit	RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROFIT TO ADJUSTED OPERATING PROFIT 2021 2020 2019 Operating profit 1,884 1,525 2,101 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 298 376 295 Acquisition-related items 21 (12 ) 84 Reclassification of tax in joint ventures 7 5 12 Reclassification of finance income in joint ventures – (1 ) (1 ) Exceptional costs in Exhibitions – 183 – Adjusted operating profit 2,210 2,076 2,491

Operating expenses (Tables)

Operating expenses (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Profit [Abstract]
Disclosure of Detailed Information About Operating Profit	Operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting) the following: Note 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 Total staff costs 5 2,549 2,555 2,498 Depreciation and amortisation Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 14 297 376 294 Share of joint ventures’ amortisation of acquired intangible assets 1 – 1 Amortisation of acquired intangible assets including joint ventures’ share 298 376 295 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 14 295 319 249 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 16 52 60 58 Depreciation of right-of-use 80 88 82 Pre-publication 60 62 55 Total depreciation and other amortisation 2 487 529 444 Total depreciation and amortisation (including amortisation of acquired intangibles) 785 905 739 Other expenses and income Cost of sales including pre-publication 2,562 2,487 2,755 Short-term and low value lease expenses 21 21 20 Operating lease rentals income (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

Auditor's remuneration (Tables)

Auditor's remuneration (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Auditors Remuneration [Abstract]
Disclosure of Detailed Information About Auditors' Remuneration	2021 2020 £m 2019 £m Auditor’s remuneration Payable to the auditors of RELX PLC 0.9 0.9 0.8 Payable to the auditors of the Group’s subsidiaries 7.5 8.3 7.8 Audit services 8.4 9.2 8.6 Audit-related assurance services 0.5 0.8 0.6 Total audit and audit-related assurance services 8.9 10.0 9.2 Other services: due diligence and other transaction-related services – – 0.1 Total non-audit – – 0.1 Total auditor’s remuneration 8.9 10.0 9.3

Personnel (Tables)

Personnel (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Employees [Abstract]
Disclosure of Information About Staff Cost	Note 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Staff costs Wages and salaries 2,157 2,173 2,116 Social security costs 214 232 230 Pensions 6 133 125 120 Share based remuneration 45 25 32 Total staff costs 2,549 2,555 2,498
Disclosure of Detailed Information About Number of People Employed	NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED: FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS At 31 December Average during the year 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Business segment Risk 10,000 9,700 9,100 9,800 9,600 9,000 Scientific, Technical & Medical 8,700 8,600 8,100 8,600 8,300 8,000 Legal 10,500 10,400 10,600 10,300 10,500 10,600 Exhibitions 3,500 3,700 4,600 3,600 4,200 4,400 Sub-total 32,700 32,400 32,400 32,300 32,600 32,000 Corporate/shared functions 800 800 800 800 800 800 Total 33,500 33,200 33,200 33,100 33,400 32,800 Geographical location North America 14,000 14,200 14,100 13,900 14,200 14,000 Europe 9,300 9,500 9,500 9,400 9,600 9,400 Rest of world 10,200 9,500 9,600 9,800 9,600 9,400 Total 33,500 33,200 33,200 33,100 33,400 32,800

Pension schemes (Tables)

Pension schemes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [abstract]
Schedule of Pension Expense Excluding Interest Amounts	The pension expense (excluding interest amounts) recognised in the income statement consists of: 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Defined benefit pension expense 24 11 11 Defined contribution pension expense 109 114 109 Total 133 125 120
Schedule of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes	The amounts recognised in the income statement in respect of defined benefit pension schemes during the year are presented by major scheme as follows: 2021 2020 2019 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Service cost 21 3 24 21 3 24 21 3 24 Settlement and past service credits – – – – (13 ) (13 ) (8 ) (5 ) (13 ) Defined benefit pension expense 21 3 24 21 (10 ) 11 13 (2 ) 11 Net interest on net defined benefit obligation 8 1 9 9 1 10 9 3 12 Net defined benefit pension expense 29 4 33 30 (9 ) 21 22 1 23
Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Expense	The significant valuation assumptions, determined for each major scheme in conjunction with the respective independent actuaries, are presented below. The net defined benefit pension expense for each year is based on the assumptions and scheme valuations set at 31 December of the prior year. AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 2020 2019 UK US UK US UK US Discount rate 1.95% 2.80% 1.45% 2.45% 2.05% 3.25% Inflation 3.30% 2.50% 2.80% 2.50% 2.95% 2.50%
Summary of Average Life Expectancy Assumptions	Mortality assumptions make allowance for future improvements in longevity and have been determined by reference to applicable mortality statistics. The average life expectancy assumptions are set out below: AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 Male average life expectancy Female average life expectancy UK US UK US Member currently aged 60 years 85 86 89 88 Member currently aged 45 years 87 86 90 89
Amounts Recognised in the Statement of Financial Position in Respect of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes	The amount recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension schemes at the start and end of the year and the movements during the year were as follows: 2021 2020 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Defined benefit obligation At start of year (4,668 ) (1,062 ) (5,730 ) (4,251 ) (1,018 ) (5,269 ) Service cost (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) Past service credits – – – – 13 13 Interest on pension scheme liabilities (67 ) (25 ) (92 ) (85 ) (31 ) (116 ) Actuarial gain/(loss) on financial assumptions 155 38 193 (492 ) (99 ) (591 ) Actuarial (loss)/gain arising from experience assumptions (152 ) (1 ) (153 ) 60 (13 ) 47 Contributions by employees (9 ) – (9 ) (8 ) – (8 ) Benefits paid 133 69 202 129 56 185 Exchange translation differences – (8 ) (8 ) – 33 33 At end of year (4,629 ) (992 ) (5,621 ) (4,668 ) (1,062 ) (5,730 ) Fair value of scheme assets At start of year 4,076 1,077 5,153 3,767 995 4,762 Interest income on plan assets 59 24 83 76 30 106 Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income 318 (39 ) 279 291 135 426 Contributions by employer 61 6 67 63 7 70 Contributions by employees 9 – 9 8 – 8 Benefits paid (133 ) (69 ) (202 ) (129 ) (56 ) (185 ) Exchange translation differences – 8 8 – (34 ) (34 ) At end of year 4,390 1,007 5,397 4,076 1,077 5,153 Opening net deficit (592 ) 15 (577 ) (484 ) (23 ) (507 ) Service cost (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) (21 ) (3 ) (24 ) Net interest on net defined benefit obligation (8 ) (1 ) (9 ) (9 ) (1 ) (10 ) Settlement and past service credits – – – – 13 13 Contributions by employer 61 6 67 63 7 70 Actuarial gains/(losses) 321 (2 ) 319 (141 ) 23 (118 ) Exchange translation differences – – – – (1 ) (1 ) Net pension obligation (239 ) 15 (224 ) (592 ) 15 (577 ) Impact of asset ceiling (3 ) (42 ) (45 ) – (47 ) (47 ) Overall net pension obligation (242 ) (27 ) (269 ) (592 ) (32 ) (624 )
Summary of Net Pension Obligations and Net Pension Assets	A net pension asset has been recognised in relation to the US funded scheme after considering the guidance in IAS 19 – Employee Benefits and IFRIC 14. The split between net pension obligations and net pension assets is as follows: 2021 £m 2020 £m Net pension asset recognised 46 47 Net pension obligation (315 ) (671 ) Overall net pension obligation (269 ) (624 )
Amounts Recognised in Statement of Comprehensive Income	Amounts recognised in the statement of comprehensive income are set out below: 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Gains and losses arising during the year: Experience (losses)/gains on scheme liabilities (153 ) 47 17 Experience gains on scheme assets 279 426 470 Actuarial gains/(losses) on the present value of scheme liabilities due to changes in: – discount rates 463 (671 ) (743 ) – inflation (290 ) 127 142 – other actuarial assumptions 20 (47 ) (10 ) 319 (118 ) (124 ) Net cumulative losses at start of year (946 ) (828 ) (704 ) Net cumulative losses at end of year (627 ) (946 ) (828 )
Summary of Fair Value of Scheme Assets	The major categories and fair values of scheme assets at the end of the reporting period are as follows: FAIR VALUE OF SCHEME ASSETS 2021 2020 UK £m US £m Total £m UK £m US £m Total £m Equities 1,595 5 1,600 1,563 10 1,573 Liability matching assets 1,704 977 2,681 1,499 1,052 2,551 Property funds and ground leases 743 – 743 706 – 706 Direct lending 208 – 208 204 – 204 Cash and cash equivalents 127 25 152 95 12 107 Other 13 – 13 9 3 12 Total 4,390 1,007 5,397 4,076 1,077 5,153
Sensitivity Analysis of Actuarial Assumptions	£m Increase/decrease of 0.25% in discount rate 237 Increase/decrease of 0.25% in the expected inflation rate 158 Increase/decrease of one year in assumed life expectancy 219

Net finance costs (Tables)

Net finance costs (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Finance Costs [Abstract]
Summary of Net Finance Costs	2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Interest on short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper (11 ) (17 ) (20 ) Interest on term debt (106 ) (122 ) (266 ) Interest on lease liabilities (8 ) (12 ) (15 ) Total borrowing costs (125 ) (151 ) (301 ) Losses on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges (16 ) (13 ) – Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes and other (9 ) (11 ) (13 ) Finance costs (150 ) (175 ) (314 ) Interest on bank deposits 1 2 3 Interest income on net finance lease receivables – 1 2 Fair value gains on designated fair value hedge relationships 7 – 1 Gains on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges – – 3 Finance income 8 3 9 Net finance costs (142 ) (172 ) (305 )

Disposals and other non-opera_2

Disposals and other non-operating items (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Disposals And Nonoperating Items [Abstract]
Summary of Disposals and Other Non-operating Items	2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Revaluation of investments 16 151 25 Gain/(loss) on disposal of businesses and assets held for sale 39 (21 ) 26 Net gain on disposals and other non-operating 55 130 51 The revaluation of investments relates mainly to venture fund investments, further details of which are provided in note 15.

Taxation (Tables)

Taxation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Major Components Of Tax Expense Income [Abstract]
Summary of Tax Expense	2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Current tax United Kingdom (46 ) (80 ) (141 ) Rest of world (376 ) (184 ) (241 ) Total current tax charge (422 ) (264 ) (382 ) Deferred tax 96 (11 ) 44 Tax expense (326 ) (275 ) (338 )
Weighted Average of Tax Rates Applicable to Accounting Profits and Losses	The net tax expense charged on profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average of tax rates applicable to accounting profits and losses of the consolidated entities, as follows: 2021 2020 2019 £m % £m % £m % Profit before tax 1,797 1,483 1,847 Tax at average applicable rates (418 ) 23.3% (331 ) 22.3% (418 ) 22.6% Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures 6 (0.3)% 3 (0.2)% 10 (0.5)% Income not taxable and expenses not deductible 24 ( 1.4 18 ( 1.2 (3 ) 0.2% Non-deductible (2 ) 0.1% (2 ) 0.1% (1 ) 0.1% Non-deductible 1 (0.1)% (2 ) 0.1% 4 (0.2)% Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised (8 ) 0.4% (19 ) 1.3% (15 ) 0.8% Change in recognition and measurement of deferred tax 25 (1.4)% 14 (0.9)% 12 (0.6)% Other adjustments in respect of prior periods 46 (2.5)% 44 (3.0)% 73 (4.0)% Tax expense (326 ) 18.1% (275 ) 18.5% (338 ) 18.3%
Tax Recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Directly in Equity	The following tax has been recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity during the year: 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Tax on items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes (48 ) 39 23 Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss Tax on fair value movements on cash flow hedges (1 ) (4 ) (8 ) Net tax (charge)/credit recognised in other comprehensive income (49 ) 35 15 Tax credit on share based remuneration recognised directly in equity 12 5 6
Summary of Current Tax Assets and Liabilities	2021 £m 2020 £m Current tax assets 10 44 Current tax liabilities (192 ) (149 ) Total (182 ) (105 )
Summary of Deferred tax Assets and Liabilities	2021 £m 2020 £m Deferred tax assets 210 270 Deferred tax liabilities (591 ) (665 ) Total (381 ) (395 )
Movements in Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets	Movements in deferred tax liabilities and assets (before taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the same jurisdiction) are summarised as follows: Deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets Excess of tax Acquired Other Excess of Tax losses Pension Other Total Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2020 (150 ) (543 ) (290 ) 179 75 96 279 (354 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 51 10 1 (13 ) 20 – (80 ) (11 ) Credit/(charge) to equity/other comprehensive income – – – – – 29 (1 ) 28 Acquisitions – (97 ) – – 6 – 1 (90 ) Exchange translation differences 1 18 6 8 (2 ) – 1 32 Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 1 January 2021 (98 ) (612 ) (283 ) 174 99 125 200 (395 ) Credit/(charge) to profit 47 6 86 (9 ) 4 (8 ) (30 ) 96 (Charge)/credit to equity/other comprehensive income – – – – – (48 ) 7 (41 ) Acquisitions – (33 ) – – 6 – – (27 ) Exchange translation differences – (4 ) 1 (8 ) (2 ) (1 ) – (14 ) Deferred tax (liability)/asset at 31 December 2021 (51 ) (643 ) (196 ) 157 107 68 177 (381 )

Earnings per share (Tables)

Earnings per share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings per share [abstract]
Summary of Earnings Per Share	EARNINGS PER SHARE – FOR THE YEAR 2021 2020 2019 Net profit Weighted EPS Net profit Weighted EPS Net profit Weighted EPS Basic earnings per share 1,471 1,928.0 76.3 1,224 1,926.2 63.5 1,505 1,943.5 77.4 Diluted earnings per share 1,471 1,939.4 75.8 1,224 1,937.8 63.2 1,505 1,956.2 76.9 The diluted figures are calculated after taking account of potential additional ordinary shares arising from share options and conditional shares.
Summary of Adjusted Earnings Per Share	ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE 2021 2020 2019 Adjusted net Weighted Adjusted Adjusted net Weighted Adjusted Adjusted net Weighted Adjusted Adjusted earnings per share 1,689 1,928.0 87.6 1,543 1,926.2 80.1 1,808 1,943.5 93.0
Summary of Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Profit Attributable to Parent	RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO RELX PLC SHAREHOLDERS 2021 Pre tax Tax on £m Total Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,471 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 294 22 316 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* – (61 ) (61 ) Acquisition-related items 21 (11 ) 10 Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other 9 (2 ) 7 Disposals and other non-operating (55 ) 1 (54 ) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,689 2020 Pre tax £m Tax on £m Total Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,224 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 360 35 395 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* – (78 ) (78 ) Acquisition-related items (12 ) (6 ) (18 ) Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other 11 (2 ) 9 Disposals and other non-operating (130 ) 3 (127 ) Exceptional costs in Exhibitions 183 (45 ) 138 Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,543 2019 Pre tax Tax on Total Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,505 Adjustments: Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 295 26 321 Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets* – (57 ) (57 ) Acquisition-related items 84 (15 ) 69 Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other 13 (3 ) 10 Disposals and other non-operating (51 ) 11 (40 ) Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,808 * Movements on deferred tax liabilities arising on acquired intangible assets that do not qualify for tax amortisation.

Statement of cash flows (Tables

Statement of cash flows (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Schedule of Reconciliation of Profit Before Tax to Cash Generated from Operations	RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROFIT TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Operating profit 1,884 1,525 2,101 Share of results of joint ventures (29 ) (15 ) (41 ) Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 297 376 294 Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets 295 319 249 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 52 60 58 Depreciation of right-of-use 80 88 82 Share based remuneration 45 25 32 Total non-cash 769 868 715 Increase in inventories and pre-publication (13 ) (18 ) (14 ) (Increase)/decrease in receivables (103 ) 149 (116 ) (Decrease)/increase in payables (32 ) (245 ) 79 Increase in working capital (148 ) (114 ) (51 ) Cash generated from operations 2,476 2,264 2,724 * Includes amortisation of pre-publication
Schedule of Cash Flow on Acquisitions	CASH FLOW ON ACQUISITIONS Note 2021 2020 £m 2019 £m Purchase of businesses 12 (235 ) (864 ) (399 ) Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions (19 ) (5 ) (24 ) Total (254 ) (869 ) (423 )
Schedule of Reconciliation of Net Borrowings	RECONCILIATION OF NET DEBT Cash and Debt Related Finance 2021 2020 2019 At start of year 88 (7,123 ) 119 18 (6,898 ) (6,191 ) (6,177 ) Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 26 – – – 26 (51 ) 27 Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper – 200 – – 200 436 (98 ) Issuance of term debt – – – – – (2,342 ) (729 ) Repayment of term debt – 431 – – 431 1,233 617 Repayment of leases – 93 – (17 ) 76 90 86 Change in net debt resulting from cash flows 26 724 – (17 ) 733 (634 ) (97 ) Borrowings in acquired businesses – – – – – (3 ) (6 ) Remeasurement and derecognition of leases – (4 ) – – (4 ) (8 ) (28 ) Inception of leases – (25 ) – 1 (24 ) (24 ) (60 ) Fair value and other adjustments to debt and related derivatives – 85 (83 ) – 2 (4 ) (94 ) Exchange translation differences (1 ) 176 (1 ) – 174 (34 ) 271 At end of year 113 (6,167 ) 35 2 (6,017 ) (6,898 ) (6,191 )

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Dividends [Abstract]
Summary of Consideration Paid for Acquiring Assets and Liabilities	Provisional fair values of the consideration given and of the assets and liabilities acquired are summarised below Fair value 2021 £m Fair value 2020 £m Fair value 2019 £m Goodwill 131 570 257 Intangible assets 156 427 245 Property, plant and equipment 1 3 1 Non-current – 1 4 Current assets 4 20 20 Current liabilities (16 ) (24 ) (53 ) Borrowings – (3 ) (6 ) Deferred tax (27 ) (90 ) (44 ) Net assets acquired 249 904 424 Consideration (after taking account of £8m (2020: £29m; 2019: £32m) net cash acquired) 249 904 424 Less: consideration deferred to future years (14 ) (40 ) (10 ) Less: acquisition date fair value of equity interest – – (15 ) Net cash flow 235 864 399

Equity dividends (Tables)

Equity dividends (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Equity Dividends [Abstract]
Summary of Ordinary Dividends Paid	ORDINARY DIVIDENDS PAID IN THE YEAR 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m RELX PLC 920 880 842

Intangible assets (Tables)

Intangible assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Abstract]
Summary of Intangible Assets	Goodwill Market related £m Customer related £m Editorial content £m Software and technology £m Other £m Total acquired intangible assets £m Total internally developed intangible assets £m Total intangible assets excluding goodwill £m COST As at 1 January 2020 6,824 2,436 1,564 632 569 2,434 7,635 3,041 10,676 Acquisitions 570 21 250 – 156 – 427 – 427 Additions – – – – – – – 318 318 Disposals and other (6 ) – (6 ) (10 ) (20 ) (34 ) (70 ) (90 ) (160 ) Exchange translation differences (164 ) (66 ) (58 ) (8 ) (17 ) (19 ) (168 ) (18 ) (186 ) At 1 January 2021 7,224 2,391 1,750 614 688 2,381 7,824 3,251 11,075 Acquisitions 131 11 78 11 51 5 156 – 156 Additions – – – – – – – 310 310 Disposals and other (3 ) (2 ) 2 (7 ) – (23 ) (30 ) (19 ) (49 ) Exchange translation differences 14 15 10 2 1 (13 ) 15 (31 ) (16 ) At 31 December 2021 7,366 2,415 1,840 620 740 2,350 7,965 3,511 11,476 ACCUMULATED AMORTISATION As at 1 January 2020 – 1,236 993 483 365 2,370 5,447 1,777 7,224 Charge for the year* – 134 103 40 77 22 376 319 695 Disposals and other – (7 ) (7 ) (1 ) (19 ) (36 ) (70 ) (78 ) (148 ) Exchange translation differences – (40 ) (35 ) (8 ) (9 ) (18 ) (110 ) (11 ) (121 ) At 1 January 2021 – 1,323 1,054 514 414 2,338 5,643 2,007 7,650 Charge for the year* – 109 79 39 54 16 297 295 592 Disposals and other – (2 ) (6 ) 1 – (23 ) (30 ) (19 ) (49 ) Exchange translation differences – 8 5 2 (1 ) (12 ) 2 (23 ) (21 ) At 31 December 2021 – 1,438 1,132 556 467 2,319 5,912 2,260 8,172 NET BOOK AMOUNT At 31 December 2020 7,224 1,068 696 100 274 43 2,181 1,244 3,425 At 31 December 2021 7,366 977 708 64 273 31 2,053 1,251 3,304 * Includes impairments of acquired intangible assets of £13m (2020: £42m in Legal and £23m in Exhibitions), and an impairment of internally developed intangible assets of £29m in Exhibitions in 2020 which has been classified as exceptional. Refer to note 2 for further detail on the exceptional costs in Exhibitions in 2020.
Summary of Breakdown of Goodwill into Cash Generating Units	GOODWILL 2021 2020 Risk 3,675 3,546 Scientific, Technical & Medical 1,683 1,669 Legal 1,406 1,395 Exhibitions 602 614 Total 7,366 7,224
Key Assumptions Used for Each Group of Cash Generating Units	The key assumptions used for each group of CGUs are disclosed below: KEY ASSUMPTIONS 2021 2020 Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Pre-tax discount rate Nominal long-term market growth rate Risk 9.8% 3% 10.6% 3% Scientific, Technical & Medical 9.1% 3% 9.8% 3% Legal 9.9% 2% 11.2% 2% Exhibitions 11.7% 3% 12.6% 3%

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Investments [Abstract]
Summary of Investments	2021 £m 2020 £m Investments in joint ventures 105 103 Venture capital investments 107 259 Total 212 362
Summary of Analysis of Changes in Carrying Value of Investments in Joint Ventures	An analysis of changes in the carrying value of investments in joint ventures is set out below: 2021 £m 2020 £m At start of year 103 118 Share of results of joint ventures 29 15 Dividends received from joint ventures (20 ) (31 ) Disposals (4 ) – Exchange translation differences (3 ) 1 At end of year 105 103
Summary of Group's Share of Joint Ventures	Summarised aggregate information in respect of the Group’s share of joint ventures is set out below: RELX’s share 2021 £m 2020 £m Revenue 78 60 Net profit for the year 29 15 Total assets 136 84 Total liabilities (70 ) (45 ) Net assets 66 39 Goodwill 39 64 Total 105 103

Property, plant and equipment (

Property, plant and equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment	2021 2020 Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Land and buildings £m Fixtures and equipment £m Total £m Cost At start of year 206 527 733 213 602 815 Acquisitions – 1 1 – 3 3 Capital expenditure 5 23 28 4 39 43 Disposals (43 ) (32 ) (75 ) (7 ) (111 ) (118 ) Exchange translation differences (1 ) (3 ) (4 ) (4 ) (6 ) (10 ) At end of year 167 516 683 206 527 733 Accumulated depreciation At start of year 143 428 571 143 492 635 Charge for the year 6 46 52 9 51 60 Disposals (37 ) (31 ) (68 ) (7 ) (111 ) (118 ) Exchange translation differences (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (2 ) (4 ) (6 ) At end of year 111 441 552 143 428 571 Net book amount 56 75 131 63 99 162

Financial instruments (Tables)

Financial instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]
Summary of Remaining Contractual Maturities for Borrowings and Derivative Financial Instruments	The table shows undiscounted principal and interest cash flows and includes contractual gross cash flows to be exchanged as part of cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts where there is a legal right of set-off. AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 years £m 2-3 years £m 3-4 years £m 4-5 years £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (5,828 ) (156 ) (741 ) (1,106 ) (704 ) (709 ) (3,126 ) (6,542 ) Floating rate borrowings (131 ) (131 ) – – – – – (131 ) Lease liabilities (208 ) (75 ) (63 ) (43 ) (25 ) (4 ) (31 ) (241 ) Derivative financial liabilities Interest rate derivatives (5 ) – – (1 ) (2 ) (2 ) (7 ) (12 ) Cross-currency interest rate swaps (2 ) (32 ) (34 ) (14 ) (501 ) – – (581 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts (7 ) (1,741 ) (382 ) (207 ) (27 ) – – (2,357 ) Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 19 22 10 4 – – – 36 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 16 29 26 7 511 – – 573 Forward foreign exchange contracts 48 1,770 398 210 28 – – 2,406 Total (6,098 ) (314 ) (786 ) (1,150 ) (720 ) (715 ) (3,164 ) (6,849 ) AT 31 DECEMBER 2020 Contractual cash flow Carrying amount £m Within 1 year £m 1-2 £m 2-3 £m 3-4 £m 4-5 £m More than 5 years £m Total £m Borrowings Fixed rate borrowings (6,541 ) (576 ) (157 ) (737 ) (1,173 ) (737 ) (3,963 ) (7,343 ) Floating rate borrowings (307 ) (307 ) – – – – – (307 ) Lease liabilities (275 ) (103 ) (72 ) (57 ) (41 ) (17 ) (34 ) (324 ) Derivative financial liabilities Cross-currency interest rate swaps (3 ) (32 ) (8 ) (29 ) (9 ) (495 ) – (573 ) Forward foreign exchange contracts (9 ) (1,416 ) (356 ) (214 ) (24 ) – – (2,010 ) Derivative financial assets Interest rate derivatives 49 20 18 13 6 1 1 59 Cross-currency interest rate swaps 66 30 7 26 7 544 – 614 Forward foreign exchange contracts 42 1,425 370 223 25 – – 2,043 Total (6,978 ) (959 ) (198 ) (775 ) (1,209 ) (704 ) (3,996 ) (7,841 )
Summary of Fair Value Hedges	FAIR VALUE HEDGE RELATIONSHIPS 31 December £m 31 December £m Fixed rate Floating rate € € – (448 ) 0.4% Euribor+0.3% $700m bond and $700m interest rate swaps maturing 2023 (517 ) (513 ) 3.5% USD LIBOR+0.8% € € (421 ) (448 ) 1.0% Euribor+0.7% € € (494 ) (490 ) 1.3% USD LIBOR+1.3% $200m bond and $200m interest rate swaps maturing 2027 (148 ) (146 ) 7.2% USD LIBOR+5.8% $750m bond and $750m interest rate swaps maturing 2030 (554 ) – 3.0% USD LIBOR+1.6% (2,134 ) (2,045 )
Summary of Gains and Losses on the Borrowings and Related Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges	The gains and losses on the borrowings and related derivatives designated as fair value hedges, which are included in the income statement as part of finance costs, together with the total carrying values of the borrowings and related derivatives included in the statement of financial position, for the three years ended 31 December 2021, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2021 £m Fair value movement £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2021 £m Carrying values £m USD debt (36 ) 35 – (1 ) (1,221 ) Related interest rate swaps 36 (28 ) – 8 8 – 7 – 7 (1,213 ) EUR debt (83 ) 55 1 (27 ) (940 ) Related interest rate swaps 83 (55 ) (1 ) 27 27 – – – – (913 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (119 ) 90 1 (28 ) (2,161 ) Total related interest rate swaps 119 (83 ) (1 ) 35 35 Net gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value – 7 – 7 (2,126 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2020 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2020 £m Carrying values £m USD debt (13 ) (25 ) 2 (36 ) (701 ) Related interest rate swaps 13 25 (2 ) 36 36 – – – – (665 ) EUR debt (39 ) (47 ) 3 (83 ) (1,467 ) Related interest rate swaps 39 47 (3 ) 83 83 – – – – (1,384 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (52 ) (72 ) 5 (119 ) (2,168 ) Total related interest rate swaps 52 72 (5 ) 119 119 Net gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value – – – – (2,049 ) GAINS/(LOSSES) ON BORROWINGS AND RELATED DERIVATIVES AND CARRYING VALUES 1 January 2019 £m Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m Exchange gain/(loss) £m 31 December 2019 £m Carrying values £m USD debt 13 (26 ) – (13 ) (699 ) Related interest rate swaps (14 ) 27 – 13 13 (1 ) 1 – – (686 ) EUR debt (39 ) (2 ) 2 (39 ) (1,853 ) Related interest rate swaps 39 2 (2 ) 39 39 – – – – (1,814 ) Total relating to USD and EUR debt (26 ) (28 ) 2 (52 ) (2,552 ) Total related interest rate swaps 25 29 (2 ) 52 52 Net (loss)/gain on borrowings and related derivatives/total carrying value (1 ) 1 – – (2,500 )
Summary of Movements in the Hedge Reserve Including Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Movements in the hedge reserve and the cost of hedging reserve in 2020 and 2021, including gains and losses on cash flow hedging instruments, were as follows: Interest rate hedge reserve £m Cost of hedging reserve £m Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Total £m Hedge reserve at 31 December 2019: (losses) /gains deferred – (7 ) 14 7 Gains/(losses) arising in 2020 4 (1 ) (9 ) (6 ) Amounts recognised in income statement – – 22 22 Hedge reserve at 31 December 2020: gains/(losses) deferred 4 (8 ) 27 23 (Losses)/gains arising in 2021 (3 ) 2 11 10 Amounts recognised in income statement – – (9 ) (9 ) Hedge reserve at 31 December 2021: gains/(losses) deferred 1 (6 ) 29 24
Summary of Deferred Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Currently Expected to Recognised in Future Period	The deferred gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges at 31 December 2021 are currently expected to be recognised in the income statement in future years as shown in the table below, together with the principal amount of hedges relating to each year and their total carrying values included within derivative assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position: Foreign currency hedge reserve £m Principal amount of hedges £m Carrying values £m 2022 16 442 23 2023 13 384 13 2024 – 210 – 2025 – 31 – Total 29 1,067 36

Inventories and pre-publicati_2

Inventories and pre-publication costs (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Information About Inventories Explanatory [Abstract]
Summary of Inventories and Pre-Publication Costs	2021 2020 Raw materials 2 2 Pre-publication 218 204 Finished goods 33 34 Total 253 240

Trade and other receivables (Ta

Trade and other receivables (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Trade and other receivables [abstract]
Summary of Trade and Other Receivables	2021 2020 Trade receivables 1,738 1,757 Loss allowance (106 ) (99 ) 1,632 1,658 Prepayments and accrued income 316 207 Current tax receivable 10 44 Net finance lease receivable 2 18 Total 1,960 1,927
Summary of Movements in Loss Allowance	The movements in the loss allowance during the year were as follows: 2021 2020 At start of year 99 88 Charge for the year 17 19 Trade receivables written off (8 ) (8) Exchange translation differences (2 ) – At end of year 106 99

Trade and other payables (Table

Trade and other payables (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Trade and other payables [abstract]
Summary of Trade and Other Payables	2021 2020 £m Trade payables 109 154 Accruals 718 634 Social security and other taxes 141 174 Other payables 351 352 Deferred income 1,956 1,946 Total 3,275 3,260

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Borrowings By Type [Abstract]
Summary of types of Borrowings both Current and Non-current	2021 2020 Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Falling due within 1 year £m Falling due in more than 1 year £m Total £m Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost: Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper 131 – 131 307 – 307 Term debt 32 3,410 3,442 – 4,147 4,147 Lease liabilities 69 139 208 92 183 275 Term debt in fair value hedging relationships – 2,161 2,161 448 1,721 2,169 Term debt previously in fair value hedging relationships – 225 225 – 225 225 Total 232 5,935 6,167 847 6,276 7,123
Summary of Repayment Years for Borrowings	Analysis by year of repayment 2021 2020 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total Within 1 year 131 32 69 232 307 448 92 847 Within 1 to 2 years – 641 40 681 – 32 47 79 Within 2 to 3 years – 1,012 37 1,049 – 651 44 695 Within 3 to 4 years – 628 29 657 – 1,082 37 1,119 Within 4 to 5 years – 626 17 643 – 673 28 701 After 5 years – 2,889 16 2,905 – 3,655 27 3,682 After 1 year – 5,796 139 5,935 – 6,093 183 6,276 Total 131 5,828 208 6,167 307 6,541 275 7,123
Analysis of Borrowings by Currency	Analysis by currency 2021 2020 Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper £m Term debt Lease liabilities £m Total £m Short-term £m Term debt £m Lease liabilities £m Total £m US dollar 68 2,691 79 2,838 228 2,751 120 3,099 Pound sterling – – 51 51 9 – 60 69 Euro 15 3,137 47 3,199 20 3,790 61 3,871 Other currencies 48 – 31 79 50 – 34 84 Total 131 5,828 208 6,167 307 6,541 275 7,123

Lease arrangements (Tables)

Lease arrangements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Presentation of leases for lessee [abstract]
Summary of Right of Use Assets	Right-of-use 2021 2020 At start of year 216 264 Additions 25 25 Acquisitions – 1 Remeasurement 9 12 Disposals (5 ) (1 ) Depreciation (66 ) (77 ) Impairment* (14 ) (11 ) Exchange translation differences (4 ) 3 At end of year 161 216 *2020 includes an £11m impairment which was classified as exceptional. Refer to note 2 for further detail.
Summary of Lease Liability	Lease liability 2021 £m 2020 £m Current Property (67 ) (88 ) Non-property (2 ) (4 ) Non-current Property (136 ) (178 ) Non-property (3 ) (5 ) Total (208 ) (275 )
Summary of Finance Lease Receivable	RELX subleases vacant space available within its leased properties. IFRS 16 specifies conditions whereby a sublease is classed as a finance lease for the sub-lessor. 2021 £m 2020 £m Net finance lease receivable 2 18

Share capital, share premium _2

Share capital, share premium and shares held in treasury (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of classes of share capital [abstract]
Summary of Called up Share Capital Issued and Fully Paid	RELX PLC CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL – ISSUED AND FULLY PAID No. of shares 2021 £m No. of shares 2020 £m At start of year 1,982,299,312 286 1,980,802,659 286 Issue of ordinary shares 2,662,320 – 1,496,653 – At end of year 1,984,961,632 286 1,982,299,312 286
Summary of Share Capital	NUMBER OF ORDINARY SHARES Year ended 31 December Shares in issue (millions) Treasury shares (millions) 2021 Shares in issue net of treasury shares* (millions) 2020 Shares in issue net of treasury shares* (millions) RELX PLC At start of year 1,982.3 (56.3 ) 1,926.0 1,931.8 Issue of ordinary shares 2.7 – 2.7 1.5 Repurchase of ordinary shares – – – (7.8 ) Net release of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust – 0.7 0.7 0.5 At end of year 1,985.0 (55.6 ) 1,929.4 1,926.0

Other reserves (Tables)

Other reserves (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Other Reserves [Abstract]
Summary of Other Reserves	Hedge reserve 2021 £m Other reserves 2021 £m Total 2021 £m Total 2020 £m At start of year 19 1,195 1,214 979 Profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders – 1,471 1,471 1,224 Dividends paid – (920 ) (920 ) (880 ) Actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes – 321 321 (155 ) Fair value movements on cash flow hedges 10 – 10 (6 ) Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve (9 ) – (9 ) 22 Tax recognised in other comprehensive income (1 ) (48 ) (49 ) 35 Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax) – 55 55 27 Settlement of share awards – (12 ) (12 ) (34 ) Acquisitions – – – 2 At end of year 19 2,062 2,081 1,214

Related party transactions (Tab

Related party transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Summary of Key Management Personnel Remuneration	KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL REMUNERATION 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m Salaries, other short-term employee benefits and non-executive 7 6 7 Post-employment benefits 1 1 1 Share based remuneration* 8 1 7 Total 16 8 15
Summary of Executive Directors Remuneration	EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Salary £’000 Benefits £’000 Annual incentive £’000 Share based remuneration* £’000 Pension* £’000 Total £’000 Total Executive Directors 2021 2,085 97 3,604 7,953 774 14,514 2020 2,034 99 2,623 595 687 6,038 2019 1,984 101 3,038 7,343 725 13,191
Summary of Non-Executive Directors Remuneration	NON-EXECUTIVE 2021 £’000 2020 £’000 2019 £’000 Fees and benefits 1,055 1,558 1,569

Exchange rates (Tables)

Exchange rates (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Foreign exchange rates [abstract]
Summary of Exchange Rates in Preparing Consolidated Statements	Income statement Statement of financial position 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 Euro to sterling 1.16 1.12 1.14 1.19 1.12 US dollar to sterling 1.38 1.28 1.28 1.35 1.37

Related undertakings (Tables)

Related undertakings (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Summary of Full List of Related Undertakings	A full list of related undertakings (comprising subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and other significant holdings) is set out below. All are 100% owned directly or indirectly by the Group except where percentage ownership denoted in (x%). Company name Share class Reg office Australia Emailage Pty Ltd Preference AUS2 LNRS Data Services (Australia) Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS1 Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 RELX Australia Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 ThreatMetrix Pty Ltd Ordinary AUS2 Austria LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH & Co KG Ordinary AUT2 ORAC GmbH Ordinary AUT2 Reed CEE GmbH Ordinary AUT1 Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH Ordinary AUT3 Reed Messe Wien GmbH Ordinary AUT1 RELX Austria GmbH Ordinary AUT3 Standout GmbH Ordinary AUT4 Belgium LexisNexis BV Ordinary BEL1 Brazil Elsevier Editora Ltda Quotas BRA1 Fircosoft Brasil Consultoria e Servicos de Informatica Ltda Quotas BRA2 LexisNexis Informações e Sistemas Empresariais Ltda Quotas BRA6 LexisNexis Serviços de Análise de Risco Ltda Quotas BRA7 MLex Brasil Midia Mercadologica Ltda Quotas BRA4 Reed Exhibitions Alcântara Machado Ltda Quotas BRA3 SST Software do Brasil Ltda Quotas BRA5 Canada Elsevier Canada Inc. Common CAN3 LexisNexis Canada Inc. Class A CAN1 RELX Canada Ltd Common CAN2 China Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd (25%) Ordinary CHN1 Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd (49%) Common CHN2 C-One Ordinary CHN5 Genilex (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN6 ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN18 KeAi Communications Co., Ltd (49%) Ordinary CHN15 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd Common CHN7 Reed Business Information (Shanghai) Co Ltd Ordinary CHN13 Reed Elsevier Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd Common CHN3 Reed Exhibitions (China) Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN4 Reed Exhibitions Hengjin Co., Ltd (51%) Ordinary CHN12 Reed Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN10 Reed Huabai Exhibitions (Beijing) Co., Ltd (51%) Ordinary CHN4 Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd (65%) Ordinary CHN16 Reed Huaqun Exhibitions Co., Ltd (52%) Ordinary CHN4 Reed Exhibitions Kuozhan (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (60%) Ordinary CHN8 Reed Sinopharm Exhibitions Co., Ltd (50%) Ordinary CHN4 RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN9 Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd Ordinary CHN17 Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd (27.5%) Ordinary CHN11 Z&R Exhibitions Co., Ltd (27.5%) Ordinary CHN14 Colombia LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S. Ordinary COL1 Denmark Elsevier A/S Ordinary DNK1 Dubai, UAE Reed Exhibitions F Z-LLC Ordinary UAE1 RELX Middle East FZ-LLC Ordinary UAE2 Egypt Elsevier Egypt LLC Ordinary EGY1 France Closd SAS Ordinary FRA9 Elsevier Holding France SAS Ordinary FRA1 Elsevier Masson SAS Ordinary FRA1 Evoluprint SAS Ordinary FRA2 Fircosoft SAS Ordinary FRA8 GIE EDI Data (83%) Ordinary FRA3 GIE Juris Data Ordinary FRA3 Company name Share class Reg office GIE PRK – Publicite Robert Krier Registered Capital FRA4 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions SA Ordinary FRA3 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding SA Ordinary FRA5 LexisNexis International Development & Services SAS Ordinary FRA3 LexisNexis SA Ordinary FRA3 Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL Ordinary FRA6 RELX France SA Ordinary FRA6 RELX France Services SAS Ordinary FRA8 RX France SAS Ordinary FRA4 SAFI SA (50%) Ordinary FRA7 Germany Elsevier GmbH Ordinary DEU3 Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Ordinary DEU2 LexisNexis GmbH Ordinary DEU4 PatentSight GmbH Ordinary DEU6 Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH Ordinary DEU1 RELX Deutschland GmbH Ordinary DEU1 Tschach Solutions GmbH Ordinary DEU5 Greece Mack Brooks Hellas SA Ordinary GRE1 Hong Kong Ascend China Holding Ltd Ordinary HNK1 JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd (65%) Ordinary HNK5 JYLN Sager Ltd Ordinary HNK3 LNRS Data Services (China) Ltd Ordinary HNK2 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary HNK5 RELX (Greater China) Ltd Ordinary HNK4 India FircoSoft India Private Ltd Ordinary IND2 Next Events Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Parity Computing India Private Ltd Ordinary IND3 Reed Elsevier Publishing (India) Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd (70%) Ordinary IND1 Reed Triune Exhibitions Private Ltd (72%) Ordinary IND4 RELX India Private Ltd Ordinary IND1 Indonesia PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia (70%) Class A IDN1 Class B PT RELX Information Analytics Indonesia Ordinary IDN2 Ireland Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd Ordinary IRL2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Europe) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd Ordinary IRL1 3D4Medical Ltd Ordinary IRL3 3D4Medical Support Services Ltd Ordinary IRL3 Israel LexisNexis Israel Ltd Ordinary ISR1 Italy Elsevier SRL Registered Capital ITA1 ICIS Italia SRL Ordinary ITA2 Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL Ordinary ITA1 Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL Ordinary ITA1 Japan Ascend Japan KK Ordinary JPN1 Elsevier Japan KK Ordinary JPN2 LexisNexis Japan KK Ordinary JPN2 PatentSight Japan Inc. Common Shares JPN4 Reed ISG Japan KK Ordinary JPN3 RX Japan KK Ordinary JPN3 Korea (Republic of) Elsevier Korea LLC Ordinary KOR1 LexisNexis Legal and Professional Service Korea Ltd Ordinary KOR2 Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd Ordinary KOR3 Reed Exporum Ltd (60%) Ordinary KOR4 Reed K. Fairs Ltd (70%) Ordinary KOR3 Macau Reed Exhibitions Macau Ltd Ordinary MAC1 Malaysia LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd Ordinary MYS1 Company name Share class Reg office Mexico Emailage MCA, SA de CV Ordinary MEX2 Masson-Doyma Mexico, S.A. Ordinary MEX1 Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V. Fixed MEX3 New Zealand LexisNexis NZ Ltd Ordinary NZL1 Philippines Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc. Common Shares PHL1 Poland AI Digital Contracts Sp. z.o.o. (75%) Ordinary POL1 Elsevier Sp. z.o.o. Ordinary POL2 Russia Elsevier LLC Participation Shares RUS1 LexisNexis LLC Ordinary RUS1 Real Estate Events Direct LLC (80%) Participation Shares RUS1 RELX LLC Participation Shares RUS1 3D4Medical LLC Ordinary RUS2 Singapore Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 Emailage Pte. Ltd Ordinary SGP5 Lexis-Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd (75%) Ordinary-B SGP2 Preference shares LNRS Data Services Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP3 RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd Ordinary SGP1 RELX (Singapore) Pte. Ltd Ordinary SGP2 South Africa Globalrange SA (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF1 LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd (78%) Ordinary ZAF2 LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd (78%) Ordinary ZAF2 Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd (78%) Ordinary ZAF2 RELX (Pty) Ltd Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Events Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Exhibitions Group(Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd (90%) Ordinary ZAF2 Spain Elsevier Espana SL Participations ESP1 Switzerland Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH Ordinary CHE2 RELX Swiss Holdings SA Ordinary CHE1 Taiwan Elsevier Taiwan LLC Ordinary TWN1 Thailand Reed Tradex Company Ltd (49%) Ordinary Preference THA1 RELX Holding (Thailand) Co., Ltd Ordinary THA2 RELX Information Analytics (Thailand) Co., Ltd Ordinary THA3 The Netherlands AGRM Solutions C.V. Partnership Interest NLD1 Elsevier B.V. Ordinary NLD1 ICIS Benchmarking Europe B.V Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V. Ordinary NLD1 LexisNexis Univentio B.V. Ordinary NLD2 LNRS Data Services BV Ordinary NLD1 Misset Uitgeverij B.V.(49%) Ordinary NLD3 One Business B.V. (33%) Ordinary NLD4 RELX Employment Company B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Finance B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Holdings B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Nederland B.V. Ordinary NLD1 RELX Overseas B.V. Ordinary RE NLD1 Turkey Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited Şirketi Ordinary TUR1 Mack Brooks Fuarcilik A.S Registered Capital TUR 3 Reed Tüyap Fuarcilik A.Ş.(50%) A Ordinary TUR2 B Ordinary United Kingdom 3rd Street Group Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Butterworths Ltd Ordinary GBR4 Company name Share class Reg office Cordery Compliance Ltd (71%) Ordinary GBR4 Cordery Ltd (71%) Ordinary GBR4 Crediva Ltd Ordinary GBR5 Dew Events Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Digital Foundry Network Ltd (50%) Ordinary GBR3 E & P Events LLP (50%) No Shares GBR3 Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd Ordinary GBR7 Elsevier Ltd Ordinary GBR7 Emailage Ltd Ordinary GBR5 Gamer Network Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Gapsquare Ltd A Ordinary, GBR2 B Ordinary Imbibe Media Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Insurance Initiatives Ltd Ordinary GBR8 LexisNexis Risk Solutions UK Ltd Ordinary GBR5 LNRS Data Services HoldingsLtd Ordinary GBR1 LNRS Data Services Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Mack-Brooks Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Mack-Brooks (France) Ltd Ordinary GBR3 MCM Central Ltd Ordinary GBR3 MCM Expo Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Mendeley Ltd Ordinary GBR7 MLex Ltd Ordinary GBR4 NLife Ltd (23.5%) Ordinary GBR12 Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Offshore Europe Partnership (50%) Partnership Interest GBR3 Out There Gaming Ltd (70%) Ordinary GBR3 Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd (55%) Ordinary GBR10 RE (EPS) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE (HPL) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE (RCB) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE Secretaries Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RE (SOE) Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Reed Business Information Ltd Ordinary GBR1 Reed Events Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Reed Exhibitions Ltd Ordinary GBR3 Reed Nominees Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Finance Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX Group plc Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Holdings) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (Investments) plc Ordinary GBR1 RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd Ordinary GBR1 RELX (UK) Ltd Ordinary GBR1 REV GP (UK) LLP No Shares GBR1 REV Venture Partners Ltd Ordinary GBR1 REV V LP Partnership Interest GBR1 SciBite Ltd A Ordinary, GBR13 B Ordinary, C Ordinary Snowflake Software Ltd Ordinary GBR2 Tracesmart Ltd Ordinary GBR5 TruNarrative Ltd Ordinary GBR5 Wunelli Ltd Ordinary GBR11 United States Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc. Common Stock USA1 Accuity Inc. Common Stock USA1 Altiris, Inc. Common Stock USA1 American Textile Machinery Exhibition International Inc. (40%) Common Stock USA3 Aries Systems Corporation Common Stock USA3 Chemical Data, LLC Membership Interest USA3 Crop Data Management Systems, Inc. Common Stock USA3 Dunlap-Hanna Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA7 Elsevier Holdings Inc. Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Inc. Common Stock USA3 Elsevier Medical Information LLC Membership Interest USA3 Elsevier STM Inc. Common Stock USA3 Emailage Corp. Common Stock USA2 Enclarity, Inc. Common Stock USA2 Gaming Business Asia LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 Health Market Science, Inc. Common Stock USA2 ID Analytics LLC Membership Interest USA1 IDG-RBI Membership Interest USA3 Knovel Corporation Common Stock USA3 Knowable Inc (75%) Common Stock USA8 Knowledge Diffusion Inc. Common Stock USA3 Legal InQuery Solutions Inc. Common Stock USA9 LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis of Puerto Rico Inc. Common Stock USA9 LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc. Common Stock USA2 Company name Share class Reg office LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc . Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Risk Solutions FL Inc. Common Stock USA2 LexisNexis Special Services Inc. Common Stock USA6 LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc. Common Stock USA2 LNRS Data Services Inc. Common Stock USA5 Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Common Stock USA3 MLex US, Inc. Common Stock USA3 PCLaw Time Matters LLC (51%) No Stock USA2 PoliceReports.US, LLC Membership Interest USA2 Portfolio Media, Inc. Common Stock USA3 Reed Technology and Information Services Inc. Common Stock USA3 RELX Capital Inc. Common Stock USA4 RELX Inc. Common Stock USA3 RELX Risks Inc. Common Stock USA2 RELX US Holdings Inc. Common Stock USA3 REV IV Partnership LP No Stock USA4 SAFI Americas LLC (50%) Membership Interest USA3 SageStream LLC Membership Interest USA1 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2005 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2006 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2011 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2012 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2013 Partnership LP Partnership Interest USA4 The Remick Publishers (50%) Partnership Interest USA7 ThreatMetrix, Inc. Common Stock USA2 TruNarrative LLC Membership Interest USA3 World Compliance, Inc. Common Stock USA4 ZetX, Inc. Common Stock, USA6 Common Class B Vietnam Reed Tradex Vietnam LLC (49%) Ordinary VIE1 Registered offices Australia AUS1: Building B, Level 2, Unit 11, 1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153 AUS2: Tower 2, Level 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067 Austria AUT1: Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria AUT2: Marxergasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria AUT3: Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria AUT4: Am Messezentrum 7, 5020, Salzburg, Austria Belgium BEL1: Oudenaardseheerweg 129, 9810 Nazareth, Belgium Brazil BRA1: Rua da Assembleia no 100, 6th Floor, RJ Centro, Rio de Janiero, 20011-904, BRA2: Rua Bela Cintra 2305, São Paulo, 01415-009,Brazil BRA3: Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200, 10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, BRA4: Avenida paulista, 2300-Piso Pilotis room 28, Sao Paulo, 01310-300,Brazil BRA5: Rua Cel Fonseca, 203 A-Centro, 18600-200,Brazil BRA6: Avenida Ibirapuera, 2033, CJ 81, SL 6, Sao Paulo , SP, 04029-901, BRA7: Alameda Rio Negro, 161 Alphaville Industrial, Barueri SP 06.455-000, BRA8: Rua Alvaro Anes 46, 3 Andar, Sâo Paulo, 05421-010, Canada CAN1: 123 Commerce Valley Drive East, Suite 700, Markham, Ontario, L3T 7W8, Canada CAN2: 555 RIichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario,M5V 3B1, Canada CAN3: 26E-1501 China CHN1: Zhongkun Building, Room 612, Gaoliangqiaoxie Street, No. 59, Haidan District, Beijing, 100044, China CHN2: West Building of Administration Building, Xueyuan Road No. 38 Peking University Health Science Center, Haidan District, Beijing, 100191, China CHN3: Oriental Plaza, No. 1 East Chang An Ave, Tower W1, 7th Floor, Unit 1-7, CHN4: Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 CHN5: Unit B1303-1 CHN6: 404 F4, No.9 Shangdi 9th Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China CHN7: Room 5106, Raffle City, 268 Middle Xizang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001, China CHN8: Intercontinental Center, 42F, 100 Yutong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200070, China CHN9: Room 319, 238 Jiangchangsan Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, China CHN10: Room 304, Sanlian Building, No.8, Huajing Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200070, China CHN11: Building 2, Room No. 3895, Changjiang Avenue, No. 161, Changliang Farm, Chongming County, Shanghai, China CHN12: Floor 2, No.979, Yunhan Road, Nicheng Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China CHN13: 4/F Block C, No 999 Jingzhong Road, Changning District, Shanghai, China CHN14: A0208, 1st floor, building 2, Yard 66, Yanfu Road, Yancun Tow, Fangshan District Beijing, China CHN15: 16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing, 100717, China CHN16: Shenzhen International Chamber of Commerce Tower, Room 1801-1802, 1805, Fuhua 3rd Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518048, China CHN17: 5/F Unit A, Digital China Centre No. 567 Tianshan West Road, ChangNing District, Shanghai, 200335, China CHN18: Room 12B, 7th Floor, Oriental Plaza, 1 East Chang An Avenue, Beijing, China Colombia COL1: Philippe Prietocarrizosa & Uria Abogados, Carrera 9 No. 74-08 Denmark DNK1: Niels Jernes Vej 10, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark Dubai, UAE UAE1: Office G-49, UAE2: Al Sufouh Complex, Floor 3, No. 304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Egypt EGY1: Land Mark Office Building, 2nd Floor, 90th Street, City Center, 5th Settlement, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt France FRA1: 65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issy les Moulineaux, France FRA2: Parc Euronord – 10, rue du Parc – 31150 Bruguieres, France FRA3: 141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris, France FRA4: 52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux, France FRA5: Immeuble « Technopolis », 350 rue Georges Besse –Nîmes (30000), France FRA6: 27-33 FRA7: 6-8 FRA8: 151-155 FRA9: 168, Rue Saint-Denis, 75002 Paris, France Registered offices Germany DEU1: Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU2: St. Martin Tower, Wing, 2nd floor, Franklinstraße 61-63, DEU3: Bernhard-Wicki-Strasse 5, 80636, Munich, Bavaria, Germany DEU4: Heerdter Sandberg 30, 40549, Düsseldorf, Germany DEU5: Steinhäuserstrasse 9, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany DEU6: Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 33, 53227, Bonn Greece GRE1: 188A, Filolaou Str., Athens, 11632, Greece Hong Kong HNK1: 20/F Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong HNK2: Level 54 Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East, Hong Kong HNK3: Flat 1506, 15/F, Lucky Center, No. 165-171 HNK4: 11/F Oxford House, Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong HNK5: 17th Floor, One Island East, Taikoo Place, 18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong India IND1: 818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India IND2: S21 Vatika Centre, No 471 Anna Salai, Taynampet, Chennai, 600035, India IND3: 99/100, Prestige Towers Unit No. 505, Fifth Floor, Residency Road, Bangalore , Karnataka, 560025, India IND4: #25, 3rd floor, 8th Main Road, Vasanthnager, Bangalore, 560052, India Indonesia IDN1: APL Tower Central Park 26th Floor Unit T3 Jl. S. Parman Kav., 28, Grogol, Pertamburan Jakarta Barat 11470, Indonesia IDN2: Gedung World Trade Center, 3 LT 20 Spaces JL Jend Sudirman Kav 29-31 Ireland IRL1: 80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland IRL2: Suite 4320, Atlantic Avenue, Westpark Business Campus, Shannon, Clare, Ireland IRL3: 1st Floor The Grange Stillorgan Road, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland Israel ISR1: Meitar, attorneys at Law, 16 Abba Hillel Road, Ramat Gan, 5250608, Israel Italy ITA1: Via Marostica 1, 20146, Milan, Italy ITA2: Studio Colombo e Associati, Via Cino del Duca 5, 20122, Milano, Italy Japan JPN1: Kyodo Tsushin Kaikam 2F, 2-2-5 Minato-ku, 105-0001 JPN2: 1-9-15, Minato-ku JPN3: Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg., 1-26-2 JPN4: 7F Cross Office Uchisaiwaicho, 1-18-6 Minato-ku, Korea (South) KOR1: Chunwoo Building, 4th floor, 534 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-gu, 140-861, KOR2: 206 Noksapyeong-daero, Yongsan-gu, KOR3: 1622-24 Songpa-gu, KOR4: 4th floor at 195-6 Malaysia MYS1: Suite 29-1, Macau MAC1: Rua De Xangai, No. 175 Edif. Associacao Comercial de Macau, 11 Andar, Bloco K, Macau Mexico MEX1: Av Insurgentes Sur # 1388 Piso 8, Col. Actipan, Deleg. Benito Juarez, Mexico DF, C.P. 03230, Mexico MEX2: DVNA Del Valle-Nunez y Asociados, Goldsmith No 37 Desp 803, Col Planco Chapultepe, Ciudad de Viver, 11.560,Mexico MEX 3: Avenida Paseo de la Reforma 243, Piso 15, Col. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, 06500, Mexico New Zealand NZL1: Level 1, 138 The Terrace, P.O. Box 472, Wellington 6011, New Zealand Philippines PHL1: Building H, 2nd Floor, U.P. Ayalaland TechnoHub, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila, 1101, Philippines Poland POL1: ul. św. Antoniego 2/4, 50-073, POL2: Al. JJana Pawla II, 22, 00-133, Registered offices Russia RUS1: Office 13, room 1, 2nd Syromyatnicheskiy 1, 105120, Moscow, Russian Federation RUS2: Krasnykh Partizan St. 152, Office 505, 350049, City of Krasnodar, Russian Federation Singapore SGP1: 3 Killiney Road, #08-01 SGP2: 80 Robinson Road, #02-00, SGP3: 1 Changi Business Park Crescent, #06-01 SGP4: 120 Lower Delta Road, #12-02, SGP5: 71 Robinson Road, #14-01, South Africa ZAF1: Fourways Gold Park, 1st Floor – Wentworth Building, 32 Roos Street, Fourways, 2191, South Africa ZAF2: Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa Spain ESP1: C/ Josep Tarradellas 20-30, Switzerland CHE1: Faubourg de l’Hôpital 23, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland CHE2: Bahnhofstrasse 100, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland Taiwan TWN1: Rm N818, 8F, Chia Hsin Building II, No. 9, Lane 3, Minsheng West Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan Thailand THA1: Sathorn Nakorn Building, Floor 32, No. 100/68-69 THA2: 14th Floor, CTI Tower, 191/70-73 THA3: 2 Ploenchit Centre, Room 7, Floor G., Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand The Netherlands NLD1: Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands NLD2: Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, Netherlands NLD3: Prins Hendrikstraat 17, 7001GK Doetinchem NLD4: Spaklerweg 53, 1114 AE Amsterdam-Duivendrecht Turkey TUR1: Maslak Mah. Bilim Sokak Sun Plaza Kat:13 Şişli-Maslak, TUR2: E - 5 Karayolu Üzeri, Gürpınar Kavşağı 34500, Büyükçekmece, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey TUR3: Fulya Mah. Hakkı Yeten Cad. No:10/C, Selenium Plaza Kat:5,6 Fulya, Beşiktaş İstanbul, Turkey United Kingdom GBR1: 1-3 GBR2: Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom GBR3: Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom GBR4: Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom GBR5: Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom GBR6: The Eye, 1 Procter Street, London, WC1V 6EU, United Kingdom GBR7: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom GBR8: Third Floor, City Buildings, Carrington Street, Nottingham, NG1 7FG GBR9: 1st Floor 80 Moorbridge Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 8BW GBR10: 40 Kimbolton Road, Bedford, England, MK40 2NR GBR11: 1000 Lakeside, Western Road, Portsmouth, PO6 3EN, United Kingdom GBR12: 5 Oakwood Drive, Loughborough, England, LE11 3QF GBR13: Biodata Innovation Centre Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, England, CB10 1DR United States USA1: 1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201 USA2: 1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005 USA3: 230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169 USA4: 1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA5: 3355 West Alabama Street, Houston, TX 77098 USA6: Puerta Del Condado #1095, Wilson Ave, Local #3, San Juan, PR 00907 USA7: 313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458 USA8: 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA9: 9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg, OH 45342 Vietnam VIE1: 2nd Floor, Kova Center, 92G-92H

5 year summary (Tables)

5 year summary (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Financial Information [Abstract]
Summary of Five Year Financial Information	Note 2021 £m 2020 £m 2019 £m 2018 £m 2017 £m RELX consolidated financial information Revenue 7,244 7,110 7,874 7,492 7,341 Reported operating profit 1,884 1,525 2,101 1,964 1,905 Adjusted operating profit 1 2,210 2,076 2,491 2,346 2,284 Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1,471 1,224 1,505 1,422 1,648 Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders 1 1,689 1,543 1,808 1,674 1,620 RELX PLC financial information Reported earnings per ordinary share (pence) 76.3 63.5 77.4 71.9 81.6 Adjusted earnings per ordinary share (pence) 87.6 80.1 93.0 84.7 80.2 Dividend per ordinary share (pence) 2 49.8 47.0 45.7 42.1 39.4 (1) Adjusted figures are presented as additional performance measures used by management. Further details on the adjusted measures can be found in the Alternative performance measures section on pages 193 to 197. (2) Dividend per ordinary share is based on the interim dividend and proposed final dividend for the relevant year.

Revenue and Segment Analysis -

Revenue and Segment Analysis - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	£ 7,244	£ 7,110	£ 7,874	£ 7,492	£ 7,341
Aggregate amount of transaction price allocated	£ 95	146
Revenue recognition period	6 years
Non-current assets	£ 11,193	11,416	11,002
Share of results of joint ventures	29	15
Exceptional costs in Exhibitions	183	183
Exceptional cash costs in Exhibitions	135
Exceptional cash costs in Exhibitions paid during the period	52	51
Gain on the revaluation of a put and call option arrangement	27	76
Includes One-off charge relating to reduction in corporate real estate footprint	35
Depreciation And Other Amortisation		491
Property related provision	20
Impairment of right of use assets	14	11
Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	78	60
Share of results of joint ventures	29	15	41
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	1	0	1
Depreciation And Other Amortisation		38
Exhibitions [member] | Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Share of results of joint ventures	19	10	36
Legal [member] | Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Share of results of joint ventures	4	1	2
Risk [member] | Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Share of results of joint ventures	6	4	3
United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	476	464	529
Non-current assets	1,299	1,158	1,248
United Kingdom [member] | Geographical origin [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	£ 1,248	£ 1,176	£ 1,320

Revenue and Segment Analysis _2

Revenue and Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis by Business Segment (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	£ 7,244	£ 7,110	£ 7,874	£ 7,492	£ 7,341
Adjusted operating profit	2,210	2,076	2,491	£ 2,346	£ 2,284
Operating segments [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	7,244	7,110	7,874
Adjusted operating profit	2,252	2,081	2,496
Operating segments [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	2,474	2,417	2,316
Adjusted operating profit	915	894	853
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	2,649	2,692	2,637
Adjusted operating profit	1,001	1,021	982
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	1,587	1,639	1,652
Adjusted operating profit	326	330	330
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Revenue	534	362	1,269
Adjusted operating profit	10	(164)	331
Unallocated amounts [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Adjusted operating profit	£ (42)	£ (5)	£ (5)

Revenue and Segment Analysis _3

Revenue and Segment Analysis - Summary of Classification of Revenue (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	£ 7,244	£ 7,110	£ 7,874	£ 7,492	£ 7,341
North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,204	4,192	4,308
Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,547	2,436	2,832
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	493	482	734
Operating segments [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	7,244	7,110	7,874
Operating segments [member] | North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,321	4,307	4,391
Operating segments [member] | Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,472	1,369	1,800
Operating segments [member] | Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,451	1,434	1,683
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,649	2,692	2,637
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,215	1,224	1,182
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	602	621	635
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member] | Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	832	847	820
Operating segments [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,474	2,417	2,316
Operating segments [member] | Risk [member] | North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,957	1,921	1,843
Operating segments [member] | Risk [member] | Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	342	327	317
Operating segments [member] | Risk [member] | Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	175	169	156
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,587	1,639	1,652
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,049	1,119	1,118
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	341	338	340
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member] | Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	197	182	194
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	534	362	1,269
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member] | North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	100	43	248
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member] | Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	187	83	508
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member] | Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	247	236	513
Operating segments [member] | Electronic [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	6,230	6,179	5,929
Operating segments [member] | Electronic [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,334	2,326	2,214
Operating segments [member] | Electronic [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,453	2,387	2,264
Operating segments [member] | Electronic [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,385	1,422	1,400
Operating segments [member] | Electronic [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	58	44	51
Operating segments [member] | Face to face [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	500	345	1,260
Operating segments [member] | Face to face [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	2	1	8
Operating segments [member] | Face to face [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	13	19	25
Operating segments [member] | Face to face [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	9	7	9
Operating segments [member] | Face to face [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	476	318	1,218
Operating segments [member] | Print [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	514	586	685
Operating segments [member] | Print [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	313	365	415
Operating segments [member] | Print [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	8	11	27
Operating segments [member] | Print [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	193	210	243
Operating segments [member] | Subscriptions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,214	4,279	4,129
Operating segments [member] | Subscriptions [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,970	2,048	1,970
Operating segments [member] | Subscriptions [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	989	944	872
Operating segments [member] | Subscriptions [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,255	1,287	1,287
Operating segments [member] | Transactional [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	3,030	2,831	3,745
Operating segments [member] | Transactional [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	679	644	667
Operating segments [member] | Transactional [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,485	1,473	1,444
Operating segments [member] | Transactional [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	332	352	365
Operating segments [member] | Transactional [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Total revenue	£ 534	£ 362	£ 1,269

Revenue and Segment Analysis _4

Revenue and Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis of Revenue by Geographical Origin (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	£ 7,244	£ 7,110	£ 7,874	£ 7,492	£ 7,341
North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	4,204	4,192	4,308
Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	2,547	2,436	2,832
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Revenue	£ 493	£ 482	£ 734

Revenue and Segment Analysis _5

Revenue and Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis by Business Segment Expenditure (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	£ 287	£ 997	£ 502
Capital expenditure additions	339	364	381
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	298	376	295
Depreciation and other amortization	487	529	444
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	58	169	65
Capital expenditure additions	87	94	104
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	63	65	62
Depreciation and other amortization	144	148	136
Risk [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	208	822	47
Capital expenditure additions	83	93	96
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	186	192	170
Depreciation and other amortization	93	98	89
Legal [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	12		139
Capital expenditure additions	145	153	155
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	27	68	24
Depreciation and other amortization	220	210	178
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Expenditure on acquired goodwill and intangible assets	9	6	251
Capital expenditure additions	24	24	26
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	22	51	39
Depreciation and other amortization	£ 30	£ 73	£ 41

Revenue and Segment Analysis _6

Revenue and Segment Analysis - Summary of Analysis of Non-current Assets by Geographical Location (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	£ 11,193	£ 11,416	£ 11,002
North America [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	8,657	8,940	8,365
Europe [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	2,123	2,058	2,156
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure Of Geographical Areas [Line Items]
Non-current assets	£ 413	£ 418	£ 481

Revenue and Segment Analysis _7

Revenue and Segment Analysis - Summary of Reconciliation of Operating Profit to Adjusted Operating Profit (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of operating segments [abstract]
Operating profit	£ 1,884	£ 1,525	£ 2,101	£ 1,964	£ 1,905
Adjustments:
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	298	376	295
Acquisition-related items	21	(12)	84
Reclassification of tax in joint ventures	7	5	12
Reclassification of finance income in joint ventures		(1)	(1)
Exceptional costs in Exhibitions	183	183
Adjusted operating profit	£ 2,210	£ 2,076	£ 2,491	£ 2,346	£ 2,284

Operating Expenses - Disclosure

Operating Expenses - Disclosure of Detailed Information About Operating Profit (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Staff costs
Total staff costs	£ 2,549	£ 2,555	£ 2,498
Depreciation and amortisation
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	297	376	294
Share of joint ventures' amortisation of acquired intangible assets	1	0	1
Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets	295	319	249
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	52	60	58
Depreciation of right-of-use assets	80	88	82
Pre-publication amortisation	60	62	55
Total depreciation and other amortisation	487	529	444
Total depreciation and amortisation (including amortisation of acquired intangibles)	785	905	739
Other expenses and income
Cost of sales including pre-publication costs and inventory expenses	2,562	2,487	2,755
Short-term and low value lease expenses	21	21	20
Operating lease rentals expense/(income)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Joint ventures [member]
Depreciation and amortisation
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets including joint ventures' share	£ 298	£ 376	£ 295

Operating expenses - Additional

Operating expenses - Additional information(Detail) - Exhibitions [Member] £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020GBP (£)
Statement [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortisation exceptional exhibitions	£ 38
Depreciation and amortisation expense adjustments	£ 491

Auditor's Remuneration - Disclo

Auditor's Remuneration - Disclosure of Detailed Information About Auditor's Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Auditor's remuneration
Payable to the auditors	£ 8.9	£ 10	£ 9.3
Audit services	8.4	9.2	8.6
Total audit and audit-related assurance services	8.9	10	9.2
Total non-audit related services	0	0	0.1
Total auditor's remuneration	8.9	10	9.3
RELX PLC [member]
Auditor's remuneration
Payable to the auditors	0.9	0.9	0.8
Total auditor's remuneration	0.9	0.9	0.8
Payable to the auditors of the Group's subsidiaries [member]
Auditor's remuneration
Payable to the auditors	7.5	8.3	7.8
Total auditor's remuneration	7.5	8.3	7.8
Audit-related assurance services [member]
Auditor's remuneration
Audit services	0.5	0.8	0.6
Due diligence and other transaction-related services [member]
Auditor's remuneration
Other services	£ 0	£ 0	£ 0.1

Auditor's Remuneration - Additi

Auditor's Remuneration - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Audit-related assurance services [member] | RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of auditors remuneration [line items]
Audit related assurance services fee	£ 0	£ 0

Personnel - Share based remuner

Personnel - Share based remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Classes Of Employee Benefits Expense [Abstract]
Wages and salaries	£ 2,157	£ 2,173	£ 2,116
Social security costs	214	232	230
Pensions	133	125	120
Share based remuneration	45	25	32
Total staff costs	£ 2,549	£ 2,555	£ 2,498

Personnel - Disclosure of Detai

Personnel - Disclosure of Detailed Information About Number of People Employed (Detail) - Employee	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	33,500	33,200	33,200
Average during the year	33,100	33,400	32,800
North America [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	14,000	14,200	14,100
Average during the year	13,900	14,200	14,000
Europe [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	9,300	9,500	9,500
Average during the year	9,400	9,600	9,400
Rest of world [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	10,200	9,500	9,600
Average during the year	9,800	9,600	9,400
Operating segments [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	32,700	32,400	32,400
Average during the year	32,300	32,600	32,000
Operating segments [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	8,700	8,600	8,100
Average during the year	8,600	8,300	8,000
Operating segments [member] | Risk [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	10,000	9,700	9,100
Average during the year	9,800	9,600	9,000
Operating segments [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	10,500	10,400	10,600
Average during the year	10,300	10,500	10,600
Operating segments [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	3,500	3,700	4,600
Average during the year	3,600	4,200	4,400
Corporate/shared functions [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	800	800	800
Average during the year	800	800	800

Personnel - Additional Informat

Personnel - Additional Information (Detail) - Employee	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	33,500	33,200	33,200
Average during the year	33,100	33,400	32,800
United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of number and average number of employees [line items]
Number of employees	5,400	5,400	5,400
Average during the year	5,400	5,400	5,300

Pension Schemes - Additional In

Pension Schemes - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Expected employer contributions to defined benefit pension plan	£ 64
Pension deficit funding contribution to defined benefit pension	50
Pension cost recognised within operating profit	133	£ 125	£ 120
Deferred tax assets	210	270
Recognised gain in statement of comprehensive income in relation to asset ceiling	2	37
Asset ceiling balance	45	47
Foreign exchange gain on the asset ceiling	0	3
Government bonds	£ 2,037	£ 1,948
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Percentage of actuarial valuations of pension	100.00%
UK schemes [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Weighted average duration of defined benefit scheme liabilities	19 years	19 years
Defined benefit pension plans [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Deferred tax assets	£ 68	£ 125
Defined benefit pension plans [member] | 2020-2024 [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Expected pension remaining deficit funding contribution	£ 126
Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Percentage of actuarial valuations of pension	100.00%
Additional contributions over a period	7 years
Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Actuarial assumption of expected rates of pension excess	100.00%
Weighted average duration of defined benefit scheme liabilities	11 years	11 years
Funded scheme [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Defined benefit obligation	£ 5,360	£ 5,459
Unfunded scheme [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Defined benefit obligation	£ 261	£ 271

Pension Schemes - Schedule of P

Pension Schemes - Schedule of Pension Expense Excluding Interest Amounts (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [abstract]
Defined benefit pension expense	£ 24	£ 11	£ 11
Defined contribution pension expense	109	114	109
Total	£ 133	£ 125	£ 120

Pension Schemes - Schedule of D

Pension Schemes - Schedule of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Service cost	£ 24	£ 24	£ 24
Settlement and past service (credits)/cost	0	(13)	(13)
Defined benefit pension expense	24	11	11
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	9	10	12
Net defined benefit pension expense	33	21	23
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Service cost	21	21	21
Settlement and past service (credits)/cost	0	0	(8)
Defined benefit pension expense	21	21	13
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	8	9	9
Net defined benefit pension expense	29	30	22
Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Service cost	3	3	3
Settlement and past service (credits)/cost	0	(13)	(5)
Defined benefit pension expense	3	(10)	(2)
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	1	1	3
Net defined benefit pension expense	£ 4	£ (9)	£ 1

Pension Schemes - Summary of De

Pension Schemes - Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Expense (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Discount rate	1.95%	1.45%	2.05%
Inflation	3.30%	2.80%	2.95%
US [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Discount rate	2.80%	2.45%	3.25%
Inflation	2.50%	2.50%	2.50%

Pension Schemes - Summary of Av

Pension Schemes - Summary of Average Life Expectancy Assumptions (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Member currently aged sixty years [member] | UK schemes [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	85 years
Female average life expectancy	89 years
Member currently aged sixty years [member] | Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	86 years
Female average life expectancy	88 years
Member currently aged forty five years [member] | UK schemes [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	87 years
Female average life expectancy	90 years
Member currently aged forty five years [member] | Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Male average life expectancy	86 years
Female average life expectancy	89 years

Pension Schemes - Amounts Recog

Pension Schemes - Amounts Recognised in the Statement of Financial Position in Respect of Defined Benefit Pension Schemes (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	£ (624)
Service cost	(24)	£ (24)	£ (24)
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(9)	(10)	(12)
Settlement and past service credits/(cost)	0	13	13
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	279	426	470
Actuarial gain/(loss) arising from experience assumptions	(153)	47	17
Contributions by employer	67	70
Actuarial (losses)/gains	319	(118)	(124)
Exchange translation differences	0	(1)
At end of year	(269)	(624)
Net defined benefit obligation, at the start of the year	(577)	(507)
Net pension obligation	(224)	(577)
Impact of asset ceiling	(45)	(47)
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(592)
Service cost	(21)	(21)	(21)
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(8)	(9)	(9)
Settlement and past service credits/(cost)	0	0	8
Contributions by employer	61	63
Actuarial (losses)/gains	321	(141)
Exchange translation differences	0	0
At end of year	(242)	(592)
Net defined benefit obligation, at the start of the year	(592)	(484)
Net pension obligation	(239)	(592)
Impact of asset ceiling	(3)	0
US [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(32)
Service cost	(3)	(3)	(3)
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(1)	(1)	(3)
Settlement and past service credits/(cost)	0	13	5
Contributions by employer	6	7
Actuarial (losses)/gains	(2)	23
Exchange translation differences	0	(1)
At end of year	(27)	(32)
Net defined benefit obligation, at the start of the year	15	(23)
Net pension obligation	15	15
Impact of asset ceiling	(42)	(47)
Present value of defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(5,730)	(5,269)
Service cost	(24)	(24)
Past service credits	0	13
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(92)	(116)
Actuarial loss on financial assumptions	193	(591)
Actuarial gain/(loss) arising from experience assumptions	(153)	47
Contributions by employees	(9)	(8)
Benefits paid	202	185
Exchange translation differences	(8)	33
At end of year	(5,621)	(5,730)	(5,269)
Present value of defined benefit obligation [member] | UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(4,668)	(4,251)
Service cost	(21)	(21)
Past service credits	0	0
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(67)	(85)
Actuarial loss on financial assumptions	155	(492)
Actuarial gain/(loss) arising from experience assumptions	(152)	60
Contributions by employees	(9)	(8)
Benefits paid	133	129
Exchange translation differences	0	0
At end of year	(4,629)	(4,668)	(4,251)
Present value of defined benefit obligation [member] | US [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	(1,062)	(1,018)
Service cost	(3)	(3)
Past service credits	0	13
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	(25)	(31)
Actuarial loss on financial assumptions	38	(99)
Actuarial gain/(loss) arising from experience assumptions	(1)	(13)
Contributions by employees	0	0
Benefits paid	69	56
Exchange translation differences	(8)	33
At end of year	(992)	(1,062)	(1,018)
Fair value of scheme assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	5,153	4,762
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	83	106
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	279	426
Contributions by employer	67	70
Contributions by employees	9	8
Benefits paid	(202)	(185)
Exchange translation differences	8	(34)
At end of year	5,397	5,153	4,762
Fair value of scheme assets [member] | UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	4,076	3,767
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	59	76
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	318	291
Contributions by employer	61	63
Contributions by employees	9	8
Benefits paid	(133)	(129)
Exchange translation differences	0	0
At end of year	4,390	4,076	3,767
Fair value of scheme assets [member] | US [member] | Foreign schemes [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
At start of year	1,077	995
Net interest on net defined benefit obligation	24	30
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	(39)	135
Contributions by employer	6	7
Contributions by employees	0	0
Benefits paid	(69)	(56)
Exchange translation differences	8	(34)
At end of year	£ 1,007	£ 1,077	£ 995

Pension Schemes - Summary of Ne

Pension Schemes - Summary of Net Pension Obligations and Net Pension Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [abstract]
Net pension assets	£ 46	£ 47
Net pension obligation	(315)	(671)
Overall net pension obligation	£ (269)	£ (624)

Pension Schemes - Amounts Rec_2

Pension Schemes - Amounts Recognised in Statement of Comprehensive Income (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Actuarial gain/(loss) arising from experience assumptions	£ (153)	£ 47	£ 17
Return on assets excluding amounts included in interest income	279	426	470
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes	319	(118)	(124)
Net cumulative losses at start of year	(946)	(828)	(704)
Net cumulative losses at end of year	(627)	(946)	(828)
Discount rates [member]
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Actuarial (loss)/gain on financial assumptions	463	(671)	(743)
Inflation [member]
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Actuarial (loss)/gain on financial assumptions	(290)	127	142
Other actuarial assumptions [member]
Gains and losses arising during the year:
Actuarial (loss)/gain on financial assumptions	£ 20	£ (47)	£ (10)

Pension Schemes - Summary of Fa

Pension Schemes - Summary of Fair Value of Scheme Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of fair value of plan assets [line items]
Equities	£ 1,600	£ 1,573
Liability matching assets	2,681	2,551
Property funds and ground leases	743	706
Direct lending	208	204
Cash and cash equivalents	152	107
Other	13	12
Total	5,397	5,153
UK schemes [member]
Disclosure of fair value of plan assets [line items]
Equities	1,595	1,563
Liability matching assets	1,704	1,499
Property funds and ground leases	743	706
Direct lending	208	204
Cash and cash equivalents	127	95
Other	13	9
Total	4,390	4,076
Foreign schemes [member] | US [member]
Disclosure of fair value of plan assets [line items]
Equities	5	10
Liability matching assets	977	1,052
Property funds and ground leases	0	0
Direct lending	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents	25	12
Other	0	3
Total	£ 1,007	£ 1,077

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity A

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity Analysis of Actuarial Assumptions (Detail) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)
Discount rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Effect of increase/decrease in actuarial assumption on defined benefit pension obligations	£ 237
Inflation [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Effect of increase/decrease in actuarial assumption on defined benefit pension obligations	158
Actuarial assumption of Mortality Rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Effect of increase/decrease in actuarial assumption on defined benefit pension obligations	£ 219

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity_2

Pension Schemes - Sensitivity Analysis of Actuarial Assumptions (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Discount rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Increase/decrease in actuarial assumption, percentage	0.25%
Inflation [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Increase/decrease in actuarial assumption, percentage	0.25%
Actuarial assumption of Mortality Rates [member]
Disclosure Of Sensitivity Analysis For Actuarial Assumptions [Line Items]
Increase/decrease in actuarial assumption, period	1 year

Net Finance Costs - Summary of

Net Finance Costs - Summary of Net Finance Costs (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Net Finance Costs [Abstract]
Interest on short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	£ (11)	£ (17)	£ (20)
Interest on term debt	(106)	(122)	(266)
Interest on lease liabilities	(8)	(12)	(15)
Total borrowing costs	(125)	(151)	(301)
Losses on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges	(16)	(13)
Net financing charge on defined benefit pension schemes and other	(9)	(11)	(13)
Finance costs	(150)	(175)	(314)
Interest on bank deposits	1	2	3
Interest income on net finance lease receivables		1	2
Fair value gains on designated fair value hedge relationships	7		1
Gains on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges			3
Finance income	8	3	9
Net finance costs	£ (142)	£ (172)	£ (305)

Net Finance Costs - Additional

Net Finance Costs - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Interest costs [abstract]
Net gain (loss) on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges		£ 1	£ 3	£ 1
Hedge reserve reclassified to income statement		£ 4
Interest expense on bonds			£ 99
Maturity date of debt instrument	October 2022
Description of redemption of bonds	The redemption of these bonds took place in January 2020 and was committed to at 31 December 2019.

Disposals and other non-opera_3

Disposals and other non-operating items - Summary of Disposals and Other Non-operating Items (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Disposals And Nonoperating Items [Abstract]
Revaluation of investments	£ 16	£ 151	£ 25
(Loss)/gain on disposal of businesses and assets held for sale	39	(21)	26
Net gain/(loss) on disposals and other non-operating items	£ 55	£ 130	£ 51

Disposals and other non-opera_4

Disposals and other non-operating items - Additional information(Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Feb. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021
Palantir technologies [member]
Statement [Line Items]
Proceeds on the disposal of venture fund investment	£ 187	£ 173
venture fund investments [Member]
Statement [Line Items]
Gross Proceeds from disposal of venture fund investment			£ 178

Taxation - Summary of Tax Expen

Taxation - Summary of Tax Expense (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current tax
Current tax	£ (422)	£ (264)	£ (382)
Deferred tax	96	(11)	44
Tax expense	(326)	(275)	(338)
United Kingdom [member]
Current tax
Current tax	(46)	(80)	(141)
Rest of world [member]
Current tax
Current tax	£ (376)	£ (184)	£ (241)

Taxation - Additional Informati

Taxation - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Tax paid (net)	£ 342	£ 496	£ 464
Applicable tax rate	23.30%	22.30%	22.60%
Deferred tax credit	£ 8	£ 14	£ 6
Reported tax rate	18.10%	18.50%	18.30%
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, credit	£ 15	£ 16	£ 19
Deferred tax liabilities	591	665
Deferred tax assets	210	270
Deferred tax expense income relating to loss recognition rule changes	15
Uncertain tax provisions	228	276
Tax charge on actuarial movements on defined benefit	48	(39)	(23)
Unrecognised state and local tax losses	73	94
Unrecognised state and local tax losses expire within ten years	27	44
Unrecognised state and local tax losses expire after more than ten years	46	50
Unused tax losses for which no deferred tax asset recognised	6	6
Pension defined benefit plans [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Tax charge on actuarial movements on defined benefit	48
Income tax credit reflecting the revaluation of pension defined benefit due to tax rate changes	13
Put and call option arrangement [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, credit	7	19	£ 0
Unused trading losses [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Unused losses and interest expenses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised	287	297
Deferred tax asset not recognised	79	81
Unrecognised losses expiration within 10 years	100	168
Unrecognised losses expiration more than 10 years	187	129
Unused tax losses and other temporary differences [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Unused losses and interest expenses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised	22	23
Deferred tax asset not recognised which can only be used to offset future capital gains	5	£ 4
Temporary differences [member] | Capitalised development costs [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities	161
Temporary differences [member] | Accruals and provisions [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	92
Temporary differences [member] | Share based remuneration provisions [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets	£ 41
United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate	25.00%	19.00%
Deferred tax effect of tax rate	£ 8
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Deferred tax effect of tax rate	£ 8
Weighted average [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate	23.30%
Bottom Of Range [Member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Federal corporate tax rate	19.00%
Bottom Of Range [Member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate	25.00%
Top of range [member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Federal corporate tax rate	25.00%
Top of range [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure Of Income Tax Expenses [Line Items]
Applicable tax rate	25.80%

Taxation - Weighted Average of

Taxation - Weighted Average of Tax Rates Applicable to Accounting Profits and Losses (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Reconciliation of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates [abstract]
Profit before tax	£ 1,797	£ 1,483	£ 1,847
Tax at average applicable rates	(418)	(331)	(418)
Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures	6	3	10
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes	24	18	(3)
Non-deductible costs of share based remuneration	(2)	(2)	(1)
Non-deductible disposal-related gains and losses	1	(2)	4
Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised	(8)	(19)	(15)
Change in recognition and measurement of deferred tax	25	14	12
Other adjustments in respect of prior periods	46	44	73
Tax expense	£ (326)	£ (275)	£ (338)
Tax at average applicable rates	23.30%	22.30%	22.60%
Tax effect of share of results of joint ventures	0.30%	0.20%	0.50%
Income not taxable and expenses not deductible	1.40%	1.20%	0.20%
Non-deductible costs of share based remuneration	0.10%	0.10%	0.10%
Non-deductible disposal-related gains and losses	0.10%	0.10%	0.20%
Deferred tax assets of the period not recognised	0.40%	1.30%	0.80%
Change in recognition and measurement of deferred tax	1.40%	(0.90%)	0.60%
Other adjustments in respect of prior periods	2.50%	3.00%	4.00%
Tax expense	18.10%	18.50%	18.30%

Taxation - Tax Recognised in Ot

Taxation - Tax Recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or Directly in Equity (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss
Tax on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes	£ (48)	£ 39	£ 23
Tax on items that may be reclassified to profit or loss	(1)	(4)	(8)
Net tax credit recognised in other comprehensive income	(49)	35	15
Tax credit/(debit) on share based remuneration recognised directly in equity	12	5	6
Deferred tax assets	210	270
Deferred tax liabilities	(591)	(665)
Total	(381)	(395)	£ (354)
Current tax assets	10	44
Current tax liabilities	(192)	(149)
Total	£ (182)	£ (105)

Taxation - Movements in Deferre

Taxation - Movements in Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	£ (395)	£ (354)
Credit/(charge) to profit	96	(11)
Credit/(charge) to equity/other comprehensive income	(41)	28
Acquisitions	(27)	(90)
Exchange translation differences	(14)	32
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(381)	(395)
Excess of tax allowances over amortisation of intangibles [member] | Deferred tax liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	(98)	(150)
Credit/(charge) to profit	47	51
Exchange translation differences		1
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(51)	(98)
Acquired intangible assets [member] | Deferred tax liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	(612)	(543)
Credit/(charge) to profit	6	10
Acquisitions	(33)	(97)
Exchange translation differences	(4)	18
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(643)	(612)
Other temporary differences [member] | Deferred tax liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	(283)	(290)
Credit/(charge) to profit	86	1
Exchange translation differences	1	6
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	(196)	(283)
Other temporary differences [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	200	279
Credit/(charge) to profit	(30)	(80)
Credit/(charge) to equity/other comprehensive income	7	(1)
Acquisitions		1
Exchange translation differences		1
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	177	200
Excess of amortisation of intangibles over tax allowances [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	174	179
Credit/(charge) to profit	(9)	(13)
Exchange translation differences	(8)	8
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	157	174
Tax losses carried forward [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	99	75
Credit/(charge) to profit	4	20
Acquisitions	6	6
Exchange translation differences	(2)	(2)
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	107	99
Pension balances [member] | Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure Of Temporary Difference Unused Tax Losses And Unused Tax Credits [Line Items]
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at start of year	125	96
Credit/(charge) to profit	(8)	0
Credit/(charge) to equity/other comprehensive income	(48)	29
Exchange translation differences	(1)
Deferred tax (liability)/asset at end of year	£ 68	£ 125

Earnings Per Share - Summary of

Earnings Per Share - Summary of Earnings Per Share - 2020, 2019 and 2018 (Detail) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)£ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2020$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020GBP (£)£ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2019$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019GBP (£)£ / sharesshares	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)
Earnings per share [abstract]
Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders | £		£ 1,471		£ 1,224		£ 1,505	£ 1,422	£ 1,648
Weighted average number of shares, Basic | shares		1,928		1,926.2		1,943.5
EPS, Basic | (per share)	$ 0.763	£ 0.763	$ 0.635	£ 0.635	$ 0.774	£ 0.774
Net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders | £		£ 1,471		£ 1,224		£ 1,505
Weighted average number of shares, Diluted | shares		1,939.4		1,937.8		1,956.2
EPS, Diluted | (per share)	$ 0.758	£ 0.758	$ 0.632	£ 0.632	$ 0.769	£ 0.769

Earnings Per Share - Summary _2

Earnings Per Share - Summary of Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - GBP (£) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings per share [abstract]
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,689	£ 1,543	£ 1,808	£ 1,674	£ 1,620
Weighted average number of shares, Basic	1,928	1,926.2	1,943.5
Adjusted EPS	£ 0.876	£ 0.801	£ 0.930

Earnings Per Share - Summary _3

Earnings Per Share - Summary of Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Profit Attributable to Parent (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,471	£ 1,224	£ 1,505
Adjustments:
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	316	395	321
Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets	(61)	(78)	(57)
Acquisition-related items	10	(18)	69
Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other	7	9	10
Disposals and other non-operating items	(54)	(127)	(40)
Exceptional costs in Exhibitions		138
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders	1,689	1,543	1,808	£ 1,674	£ 1,620
Pre tax adjustment
Adjustments:
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	294	360	295
Acquisition-related items	21	(12)	84
Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other	9	11	13
Disposals and other non-operating items	(55)	(130)	(51)
Exceptional costs in Exhibitions		183
Tax on adjustment
Adjustments:
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	22	35	26
Other deferred tax credits from intangible assets	(61)	(78)	(57)
Acquisition-related items	(11)	(6)	(15)
Net interest on net defined benefit pension obligation and other	(2)	(2)	(3)
Disposals and other non-operating items	£ 1	3	£ 11
Exceptional costs in Exhibitions		£ (45)

Statement of cash flows - Sched

Statement of cash flows - Schedule of Reconciliation of Profit Before Tax to Cash Generated from Operations (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Operating profit	£ 1,884	£ 1,525	£ 2,101	£ 1,964	£ 1,905
Share of results of joint ventures	(29)	(15)	(41)
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets	297	376	294
Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets	295	319	249
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	52	60	58
Depreciation of right-of-use assets	80	88	82
Share based remuneration	45	25	32
Total non-cash items	769	868	715
Increase in inventories and pre-publication costs	(13)	(18)	(14)
Decrease/(increase) in receivables	(103)	149	(116)
(Decrease)/increase in payables	(32)	(245)	79
Increase in working capital	(148)	(114)	(51)
Cash generated from operations	£ 2,476	£ 2,264	£ 2,724

Statement of cash flows - Sch_2

Statement of cash flows - Schedule of Reconciliation of Profit Before Tax to Cash Generated from Operations (Parenthetical) (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Amortisation of pre-publication cost	£ 60	£ 62	£ 55

Statement of cash flows - Sch_3

Statement of cash flows - Schedule of Cash Flow on Acquisitions (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Abstract]
Purchase of businesses	£ (235)	£ (864)	£ (399)
Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions	(19)	(5)	(24)
Total	£ (254)	£ (869)	£ (423)

Statement of cash flows - Sch_4

Statement of cash flows - Schedule of Reconciliation of Net Debt (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Line Items]
Net borrowings at start of year	£ (6,898)	£ (6,191)	£ (6,177)
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	26	(51)	27
Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	200	436	(98)
Issuance of term debt	0	(2,342)	(729)
Repayment of term debt	431	1,233	617
Repayment of leases	76	90	86
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	733	(634)	(97)
Borrowings in acquired businesses	0	(3)	(6)
Remeasurement and derecognition of leases	(4)	(8)	(28)
Inception of leases	(24)	(24)	(60)
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	2	(4)	(94)
Exchange translation differences	174	(34)	271
Net borrowings at end of year	(6,017)	(6,898)	£ (6,191)
Cash and cash equivalents [member]
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Line Items]
Net borrowings at start of year	88
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	26
Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	0
Issuance of term debt	0
Repayment of term debt	0
Repayment of leases	0
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	26
Borrowings in acquired businesses	0
Remeasurement and derecognition of leases	0
Inception of leases	0
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	0
Exchange translation differences	(1)
Net borrowings at end of year	113	88
Debt [member]
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Line Items]
Net borrowings at start of year	(7,123)
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	0
Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	200
Issuance of term debt	0
Repayment of term debt	431
Repayment of leases	93
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	724
Borrowings in acquired businesses	0
Remeasurement and derecognition of leases	(4)
Inception of leases	(25)
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	85
Exchange translation differences	176
Net borrowings at end of year	(6,167)	(7,123)
Related derivative financial instruments [member]
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Line Items]
Net borrowings at start of year	119
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	0
Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	0
Issuance of term debt	0
Repayment of term debt	0
Repayment of leases	0
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	0
Borrowings in acquired businesses	0
Remeasurement and derecognition of leases	0
Inception of leases	0
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	(83)
Exchange translation differences	(1)
Net borrowings at end of year	35	119
Finance lease receivable [member]
Disclosure Of Cash Flow Statement [Line Items]
Net borrowings at start of year	18
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	0
Decrease/(increase) in short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	0
Issuance of term debt	0
Repayment of term debt	0
Repayment of leases	(17)
Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows	(17)
Borrowings in acquired businesses	0
Remeasurement and derecognition of leases	0
Inception of leases	1
Fair value and other adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives	0
Exchange translation differences	0
Net borrowings at end of year	£ 2	£ 18

Acquisitions - Consideration Pa

Acquisitions - Consideration Paid for Acquiring Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of detailed information about business combination [abstract]
Goodwill	£ 131	£ 570	£ 257
Intangible assets	156	427	245
Property, plant and equipment	1	3	1
Non current assets	0	1	4
Current assets	4	20	20
Current liabilities	(16)	(24)	(53)
Borrowings	0	(3)	(6)
Deferred tax	(27)	(90)	(44)
Net assets acquired	249	904	424
Consideration (after taking account of £29m (2019: £32m; 2018: £27m) net cash acquired)	249	904	424
Less: consideration deferred to future years	(14)	(40)	(10)
Less: acquisition date fair value of equity interest	0	0	(15)
Net cash flow	£ 235	£ 864	£ 399

Acquisitions - Consideration _2

Acquisitions - Consideration Paid for Acquiring Assets and Liabilities (Parenthetical) (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of detailed information about business combination [abstract]
Cash of acquired businesses at acquisition date	£ 8	£ 29	£ 32

Acquisitions - Additional Infor

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of detailed information about business combination [line items]
Total acquisitions	£ 255	£ 249
Revenue contributed by business acquisition	10
Decreased net profit	9
Integration costs and amortisation of acquired intangibles	10
Net cash inflow from operating activities contributed by business acquisition	3
Group revenue, pro forma basis	7,258
Adjusted operating profit, pro forma basis	2,208
Adjusted net profit, pro forma basis	£ 1,469

Equity Dividends - Ordinary Div

Equity Dividends - Ordinary Dividends Paid (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of dividends [line items]
Ordinary dividends paid	£ 920	£ 880	£ 842
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of dividends [line items]
Ordinary dividends paid	£ 920	£ 880	£ 842

Equity Dividends - Additional I

Equity Dividends - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of dividends [line items]
Dividend payables	£ 685
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of dividends [line items]
Final dividend	£ 0.334	£ 0.321	£ 0.297
Interim dividend	0.143	0.136	0.136
Total dividends	0.477	0.457	0.433
Final dividend proposed	0.355	0.334	0.321
Dividend proposed	£ 0.498	£ 0.470	£ 0.457	£ 0.421	£ 0.394

Intangible Assets - Additional

Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Capitalised development costs associated with platforms	£ 663,000,000
Goodwill After Cumulative Amortisation	£ 1,144,000,000	£ 1,151,000,000
Description of sensitivity analysis	A sensitivity analysis has been performed based on changes in key assumptions considered to be reasonably possible by management: an increase in the discount rate of 0.5%, a decrease in the compound annual growth rate for cash flow in the five-year forecast period of 2.0%, and a decrease in the nominal long-term market growth rates of 0.5%. These sensitivity analyses show that no impairment charges would result from these scenarios.
Increase in discount rate	0.50%
Decrease in the compound annual growth rate for cash flow	2.00%
Decrease in nominal long-term market growth rates	0.50%
Impairment of indefinite lived intangible assets	£ 0	0
Accumulated impairment [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment charge recorded in prior years	£ 8,000,000	9,000,000
Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Growth in cash flows over forecast period	5 years
Nominal long-term market growth rates maximum forecast period	5 years
Internally Developed Intangible Assets [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	3 years
Internally Developed Intangible Assets [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	15 years
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives	£ 112,000,000	£ 111,000,000
Market Related [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	1 year
Market Related [Member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	40 years
Customer Related [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	1 year
Customer Related [Member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	20 years
Editoria Content [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	1 year
Editoria Content [Member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	40 years
Software And Systems [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	1 year
Software And Systems [Member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	10 years
Other [Member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	3 years
Other [Member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, useful life	20 years

Intangible Assets - Summary of

Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
At start of year	£ 7,224
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	3,425
At end of year	7,366	£ 7,224
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	3,304	3,425
Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
At start of year	7,224	6,824
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	11,075	10,676
Acquisitions	131	570
Acquisitions	156	427
Additions	310	318
Disposals and other	(3)	(6)
Disposals and other	(49)	(160)
Exchange translation differences	14	(164)
Exchange translation differences	(16)	(186)
At end of year	7,366	7,224
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	11,476	11,075
Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(7,650)	(7,224)
Charge for the year	592	695
Disposals and other	(49)	(148)
Exchange translation differences	(21)	(121)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	(8,172)	(7,650)
Not internally generated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	2,181
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	2,053	2,181
Not internally generated [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	7,824	7,635
Acquisitions	156	427
Disposals and other	(30)	(70)
Exchange translation differences	15	(168)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	7,965	7,824
Not internally generated [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(5,643)	(5,447)
Charge for the year	297	376
Disposals and other	(30)	(70)
Exchange translation differences	2	(110)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	(5,912)	(5,643)
Not internally generated [member] | Market related [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	1,068
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	977	1,068
Not internally generated [member] | Market related [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	2,391	2,436
Acquisitions	11	21
Disposals and other	(2)
Exchange translation differences	15	(66)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	2,415	2,391
Not internally generated [member] | Market related [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(1,323)	(1,236)
Charge for the year	109	134
Disposals and other	(2)	(7)
Exchange translation differences	8	(40)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	(1,438)	(1,323)
Not internally generated [member] | Customer related [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	696
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	708	696
Not internally generated [member] | Customer related [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	1,750	1,564
Acquisitions	78	250
Disposals and other	2	(6)
Exchange translation differences	10	(58)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	1,840	1,750
Not internally generated [member] | Customer related [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(1,054)	(993)
Charge for the year	79	103
Disposals and other	(6)	(7)
Exchange translation differences	5	(35)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	(1,132)	(1,054)
Not internally generated [member] | Editorial content
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	100
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	64	100
Not internally generated [member] | Editorial content | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	614	632
Acquisitions	11	0
Disposals and other	(7)	(10)
Exchange translation differences	2	(8)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	620	614
Not internally generated [member] | Editorial content | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(514)	(483)
Charge for the year	39	40
Disposals and other	1	(1)
Exchange translation differences	2	(8)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	(556)	(514)
Not internally generated [member] | Software And Systems [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	274
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	273	274
Not internally generated [member] | Software And Systems [Member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	688	569
Acquisitions	51	156
Disposals and other		(20)
Exchange translation differences	1	(17)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	740	688
Not internally generated [member] | Software And Systems [Member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(414)	(365)
Charge for the year	54	77
Disposals and other		(19)
Exchange translation differences	(1)	(9)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	(467)	(414)
Not internally generated [member] | Other [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	43
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	31	43
Not internally generated [member] | Other [Member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	2,381	2,434
Acquisitions	5
Disposals and other	(23)	(34)
Exchange translation differences	(13)	(19)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	2,350	2,381
Not internally generated [member] | Other [Member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(2,338)	(2,370)
Charge for the year	16	22
Disposals and other	(23)	(36)
Exchange translation differences	(12)	(18)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	(2,319)	(2,338)
Internally developed intangible assets [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	1,244
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	1,251	1,244
Internally developed intangible assets [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	3,251	3,041
Acquisitions		0
Additions	310	318
Disposals and other	(19)	(90)
Exchange translation differences	(31)	(18)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	3,511	3,251
Internally developed intangible assets [member] | Accumulated amortisation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Intangible assets other than goodwill at beginning of period	(2,007)	(1,777)
Charge for the year	295	319
Disposals and other	(19)	(78)
Exchange translation differences	(23)	(11)
Intangible assets other than goodwill at end of period	£ (2,260)	£ (2,007)

Intangible Assets - Summary o_2

Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Parenthetical) (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Not internally generated [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Impairment of intangible asset	£ 13
Not internally generated [member] | Legal [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Impairment of intangible asset		£ 42
Not internally generated [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Impairment of intangible asset		23
Internally generated [member] | Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Impairment of intangible asset		£ 29

Intangible Assets - Summary o_3

Intangible Assets - Summary of Goodwill by Segment (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	£ 7,366	£ 7,224
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	1,683	1,669
Risk [member]
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	3,675	3,546
Legal [member]
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	1,406	1,395
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Of Changes In Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	£ 602	£ 614

Intangible Assets - Key Assumpt

Intangible Assets - Key Assumptions Used for Each Group of Cash Generating Units (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Scientific, Technical & Medical [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	9.10%	9.80%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	3.00%	3.00%
Risk [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	9.80%	10.60%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	3.00%	3.00%
Legal [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	9.90%	11.20%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	2.00%	2.00%
Exhibitions [member]
Disclosure of information for cash-generating units [line items]
Pre-tax discount rate	11.70%	12.60%
Nominal long-term market growth rate	3.00%	3.00%

Investments - Summary of Invest

Investments - Summary of Investments (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Investments In Joint Ventures And Other Investments [Line Items]
Investments in joint ventures	£ 105	£ 103	£ 118
Investment property [member]
Disclosure Of Investments In Joint Ventures And Other Investments [Line Items]
Investments in joint ventures	105	103
Venture capital investments	107	259
Total	£ 212	£ 362

Investments - Additional Inform

Investments - Additional Information (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Summary Of Group Share Of Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income	£ 496	£ (369)	£ (153)
Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure Of Summary Of Group Share Of Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income	£ 0

Investments - Summary of Analys

Investments - Summary of Analysis of Changes in Carrying Value of Investments in Joint Ventures (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Analysis Of Changes In The Carrying Value Of Investments In Joint Ventures [Abstract]
At start of year	£ 103	£ 118
Share of results of joint ventures	29	15
Dividends received from joint ventures	(20)	(31)	£ (34)
Disposals	(4)	0
Exchange translation differences	(3)	1
At end of year	£ 105	£ 103	£ 118

Investments - Summary of Group'

Investments - Summary of Group's Share of Joint Ventures (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Summary Of Group Share Of Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Revenue	£ 7,244	£ 7,110	£ 7,874	£ 7,492	£ 7,341
Net profit for the year	29	15
Total assets	13,858	14,145
Total liabilities	(10,634)	(12,044)
Net assets	3,224	2,101
Goodwill	7,366	7,224
Total	105	103	118
Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure Of Summary Of Group Share Of Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Revenue	78	60
Net profit for the year	29	15	£ 41
Total assets	136	84
Total liabilities	(70)	(45)
Net assets	66	39
Goodwill	39	64
Total	£ 105	£ 103

Property, Plant and Equipment -

Property, Plant and Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	£ 131	£ 162	£ 162
Freehold land [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation	0	0
Property, plant and equipment	£ 10	£ 13
Freehold buildings [Member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	50 years
Long lease [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	50 years
Leasehold improvements [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives, description	shorter of life of lease and 10 years
Plant [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	3 years
Plant [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	20 years
Office furniture, fixtures and fittings [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	5 years
Office furniture, fixtures and fittings [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	10 years
Computer systems, communication networks and equipment [member] | Bottom of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	3 years
Computer systems, communication networks and equipment [member] | Top of range [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment estimated useful lives	7 years

Property, Plant and Equipment_2

Property, Plant and Equipment - Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
At start of year	£ 162	£ 162	£ 162
At end of year		131	162
Cost [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
At start of year	815	733	815
Acquisitions		1	3
Capital expenditure		28	43
Disposals		(75)	(118)
Exchange translation differences		(4)	(10)
At end of year		683	733
Accumulated depreciation [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
At start of year	635	571	635
Charge for the year		52	60
Disposals		(68)	(118)
Exchange translation differences		(3)	(6)
At end of year		552	571
Land and buildings [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
At start of year	213	206	213
Acquisitions		0	0
Capital expenditure		5	4
Disposals		(43)	(7)
Exchange translation differences		(1)	(4)
At end of year		167	206
Land and buildings [member] | Accumulated depreciation [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
At start of year	143	143	143
Charge for the year		6	9
Disposals		(37)	(7)
Exchange translation differences		(1)	(2)
At end of year		111	143
Fixtures and fittings [member] | Cost [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
At start of year	602	527	602
Acquisitions	3	1
Capital expenditure	39	23
Disposals	(111)	(32)
Exchange translation differences	(6)	(3)
At end of year	527	516	527
Fixtures and fittings [member] | Accumulated depreciation [member]
Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
At start of year	492	428	492
Charge for the year	51	46
Disposals	(111)	(31)
Exchange translation differences	(4)	(2)
At end of year	£ 428	£ 441	£ 428

Financial Instruments - Liquidi

Financial Instruments - Liquidity Risk - Additional Information (Detail) £ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2020GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Maximum maturity amount of short-term debt | $			$ 2
Committed bank facility		£ 2,200	$ 3,000
Derivatives not designated as hedges [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial assets		6		£ 12
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, at fair value	£ 2	6
Fair value hedges [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities				5
Derivative financial assets		114		35
Cash flow hedges [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities		6		7
Derivative financial assets		£ 37		£ 36

Financial Instruments - Summary

Financial Instruments - Summary of Remaining Contractual Maturities for Borrowings and Derivative Financial Instruments (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	£ (6,167)	£ (7,123)
Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(6,849)	(7,841)
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(232)	(847)
Within 1 year [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(314)	(959)
1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(681)	(79)
1-2 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(786)	(198)
2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(1,049)	(695)
2-3 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(1,150)	(775)
3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(657)	(1,119)
3-4 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(720)	(1,209)
4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(643)	(701)
4-5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(715)	(704)
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(2,905)	(3,682)
More than 5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(3,164)	(3,996)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(6,542)	(7,343)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(156)	(576)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(741)	(157)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(1,106)	(737)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(704)	(1,173)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | 4-5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(709)	(737)
Fixed rate borrowings [member] | More than 5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(3,126)	(3,963)
Floating rate borrowings [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(131)	(307)
Floating rate borrowings [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(131)	(307)
Floating rate borrowings [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	0	0
Floating rate borrowings [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	0	0
Floating rate borrowings [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	0	0
Floating rate borrowings [member] | 4-5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	0	0
Floating rate borrowings [member] | More than 5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	0	0
Lease liabilities [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(241)	(324)
Lease liabilities [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(75)	(103)
Lease liabilities [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(63)	(72)
Lease liabilities [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(43)	(57)
Lease liabilities [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(25)	(41)
Lease liabilities [member] | 4-5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(4)	(17)
Lease liabilities [member] | More than 5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(31)	(34)
Carrying amount [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Total	(6,098)	(6,978)
Carrying amount [member] | Fixed rate borrowings [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(5,828)	(6,541)
Carrying amount [member] | Floating rate borrowings [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(131)	(307)
Carrying amount [member] | Lease liabilities [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Borrowings	(208)	(275)
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(581)	(573)
Derivative financial assets	573	614
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(32)	(32)
Derivative financial assets	29	30
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(34)	(8)
Derivative financial assets	26	7
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(14)	(29)
Derivative financial assets	7	26
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(501)	(9)
Derivative financial assets	511	7
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | 4-5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	0	(495)
Derivative financial assets	0	544
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | More than 5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	0	0
Derivative financial assets	0	0
Cross-currency interest rate swaps [member] | Carrying amount [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2)	(3)
Derivative financial assets	16	66
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2,357)	(2,010)
Derivative financial assets	2,406	2,043
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | Within 1 year [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(1,741)	(1,416)
Derivative financial assets	1,770	1,425
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | 1-2 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(382)	(356)
Derivative financial assets	398	370
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | 2-3 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(207)	(214)
Derivative financial assets	210	223
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | 3-4 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(27)	(24)
Derivative financial assets	28	25
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | 4-5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	0	0
Derivative financial assets	0	0
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | More than 5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	0	0
Derivative financial assets	0	0
Forward foreign exchange contracts [member] | Carrying amount [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(7)	(9)
Derivative financial assets	48	42
Interest Rate Derivatives | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(12)
Derivative financial assets	36	59
Interest Rate Derivatives | Within 1 year [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	0
Derivative financial assets	22	20
Interest Rate Derivatives | 1-2 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	0
Derivative financial assets	10	18
Interest Rate Derivatives | 2-3 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(1)
Derivative financial assets	4	13
Interest Rate Derivatives | 3-4 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2)
Derivative financial assets	0	6
Interest Rate Derivatives | 4-5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(2)
Derivative financial assets	0	1
Interest Rate Derivatives | More than 5 years [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(7)
Derivative financial assets	0	1
Interest Rate Derivatives | Carrying amount [member] | Aggregate Contractual Cash Flow
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	(5)
Derivative financial assets	£ 19	£ 49

Financial Instruments - Market

Financial Instruments - Market Risk - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Assumed weakening of foreign currencies	10.00%
Decrease in carrying value of net assets due to assumed weakening of foreign currencies	£ 781	£ 803
Decrease in net borrowings	£ 677	713
Assumed strengthening of foreign currencies	10.00%
Increase the carrying value of net assets, excluding net borrowings	£ 781	803
Increase net borrowings	677	713
Decrease in net profit	112	95
Increase in net profit	£ 112	95
Foreign currency exposure management [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedging of highly predictable future cash flows	24 months
Foreign currency exposure management [member] | Scientific, Technical & Medical subscription businesses [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedging of highly predictable future cash flows	50 months
Market risk [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Percentage of borrowings with either fixed interest rate or fixed through the use of interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements or options	62.00%
Decrease in net finance costs	£ 21	23
Increase in net finance costs	21	23
Increase in net equity		1
Decrease in net equity		£ 1
Market risk [member] | Interest Rate Derivatives [Member] | LIBOR [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Bonds issued	£ 1,713
Weighted average maturity period	4 years 6 months
Financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, Reference rate description	US dollar LIBOR (3 months)
Market risk [member] | Interest Rate Derivatives [Member] | Euribor [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Bonds issued	£ 421
Weighted average maturity period	2 years 2 months 12 days
Financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, Reference rate description	Euribor (3 months)

Financial Instruments - Credit

Financial Instruments - Credit Risk - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Cash and cash equivalents	£ 113	£ 88	£ 138	£ 114
Trade receivables	1,738	1,757
Up to one month [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	156	170
Two to three months [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	96	83
Four to six months [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	35	34
Greater than six months [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Trade receivables	£ 18	£ 46
Credit risk [member] | Banks rated A-/A3 [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Percentage of cash and cash equivalents held with banks rated A-/A3 or better	89.00%	77.00%

Financial Instruments - Summa_2

Financial Instruments - Summary of Fair Value Hedges (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (2,134)	£ (2,045)
€500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2021 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ 0	(448)
Fixed rate	0.40%
Floating rate	Euribor+0.3%
$700m bond and $700m interest rate swaps maturing 2023 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (517)	(513)
Fixed rate	3.50%
Floating rate	USD LIBOR+0.8%
€500m bond and €500m interest rate swaps maturing 2024 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (421)	(448)
Fixed rate	1.00%
Floating rate	Euribor+0.7%
€600m bond and €600m/$669.3m cross-currency interest rate swaps maturing 2025 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (494)	(490)
Fixed rate	1.30%
Floating rate	USD LIBOR+1.3%
$200m bond and $200m interest rate swaps maturing 2027 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (148)	(146)
Fixed rate	7.20%
Floating rate	USD LIBOR+5.8%
$750m bond and $750m interest rate swaps maturing 2030 [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Principal amount £m	£ (554)	£ 0
Fixed rate	3.00%
Floating rate	USD LIBOR+1.6%

Financial Instruments - Summa_3

Financial Instruments - Summary of Gains and Losses on the Borrowings and Related Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	£ 0	£ 0	£ (1)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	7	0	1
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	0	0	0
Ending balance	7	0	0
Carrying values £m	(2,126)	(2,049)	(2,500)
USD debt [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(36)	(13)	13
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	35	(25)	(26)
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	0	2	0
Ending balance	(1)	(36)	(13)
Carrying values £m	(1,221)	(701)	(699)
USD debt Related interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	36	13	(14)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	(28)	25	27
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	0	(2)	0
Ending balance	8	36	13
Carrying values £m	8	36	13
total of USD debt and Interest rate swaps [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	0	0	(1)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	7	0	1
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	0	0	0
Ending balance	7	0	0
Carrying values £m	(1,213)	(665)	(686)
EUR debt [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(83)	(39)	(39)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	55	(47)	(2)
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	1	3	2
Ending balance	(27)	(83)	(39)
Carrying values £m	(940)	(1,467)	(1,853)
EUR Debt related interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	83	39	39
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	(55)	47	2
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	(1)	(3)	(2)
Ending balance	27	83	39
Carrying values £m	27	83	39
Net Relating to USD, GBP, EUR And CHF Debt [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	0	0	0
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	0	0	0
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	0	0	0
Ending balance	0	0	0
Carrying values £m	(913)	(1,384)	(1,814)
Total of Eur debt and interest rate swaps [Member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(119)	(52)	(26)
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	90	(72)	(28)
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	1	5	2
Ending balance	(28)	(119)	(52)
Carrying values £m	(2,161)	(2,168)	(2,552)
Total related interest rate swaps [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Hedged Items [Line Items]
Beginning balance	119	52	25
Fair value movement gain/(loss) £m	(83)	72	29
Exchange gain/(loss) £m	(1)	(5)	(2)
Ending balance	35	119	52
Carrying values £m	£ 35	£ 119	£ 52

Financial Instruments - Fair Va

Financial Instruments - Fair Value Hedges - Additional Information (Detail) - Fair value hedge de-designated in 2008 [member] - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Fair value adjustments to borrowings de-designated in a fair value hedge relationship	£ 12	£ 15
Cash inflow from de-designation of derivatives previously held at fair value	62
Amortisation of fair value adjustments	£ 3	£ 3

Financial Instruments - Cash Fl

Financial Instruments - Cash Flow Hedges - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]
Deferred tax debit in respect of hedge reserve gains (losses)	£ 5	£ 4
Cash flow hedge gain (loss) recognised in revenue	9	18
Cash flow hedge gain (loss) recognised in finance costs		4
Tax debits in relation to cash flow hedges	£ 2	£ 5

Financial Instruments - Summa_4

Financial Instruments - Summary of Movements in the Hedge Reserve Including Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred		£ 23	£ 7
Gains/(losses) arising during the period	£ 10	(6)	16
Transfer (from)/to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(9)	22	35
Hedge reserve balance at the end of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	24		23
Interest rate hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred		4	0
Gains/(losses) arising during the period	(3)	4
Transfer (from)/to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	0	0
Hedge reserve balance at the end of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	1		4
Cost of hedging reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred		(8)	(7)
Gains/(losses) arising during the period	2	(1)
Transfer (from)/to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	0	0
Hedge reserve balance at the end of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	(6)		(8)
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Hedge reserve balance at the start of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred		27	14
Gains/(losses) arising during the period	11	(9)
Transfer (from)/to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(9)	£ 22
Hedge reserve balance at the end of the period: gains/(Losses) deferred	£ 29		£ 27

Financial Instruments - Summa_5

Financial Instruments - Summary of Deferred Gains and Losses on Cash Flow Hedges Currently Expected to Recognised in Future Period (Detail) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	£ 36
1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	23
2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	13
3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	0
4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	0
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	29
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member] | 1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	16
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member] | 2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	13
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member] | 3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	0
Foreign currency hedge reserve [member] | 4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	0
Principal Amount of Hedges [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	1,067
Principal Amount of Hedges [Member] | 1-2 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	442
Principal Amount of Hedges [Member] | 2-3 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	384
Principal Amount of Hedges [Member] | 3-4 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	210
Principal Amount of Hedges [Member] | 4-5 years [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Gains/(losses) deferred in hedge reserve	£ 31

Inventories and Pre-publicati_3

Inventories and Pre-publication Costs - Summary of Inventories and Pre-Publication Costs (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Information About Inventories Explanatory [Abstract]
Raw materials	£ 2	£ 2
Pre-publication costs	218	204
Finished goods	33	34
Total	£ 253	£ 240

Inventories and pre-publicati_4

Inventories and pre-publication costs - Additional information (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Information About Inventories Explanatory [Abstract]
Pre-publication costs capitalized	£ 73	£ 80
Pre-publication costs, amortization charge	£ 60	£ 62

Trade and Other Receivables - S

Trade and Other Receivables - Summary of Trade and Other Receivables (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Trade and other receivables [abstract]
Trade receivables	£ 1,738	£ 1,757
Loss allowance	(106)	(99)	£ (88)
Trade receivables before prepayments and accrued income	1,632	1,658
Prepayments and accrued income	316	207
Current tax receivable	10	44
Net finance lease receivable	2	18
Total	£ 1,960	£ 1,927

Trade and Other Receivables -_2

Trade and Other Receivables - Summary of Movements in Loss Allowance (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Trade and other receivables [abstract]
At start of year	£ 99	£ 88
Charge for the year	17	19
Trade receivables written off	(8)	(8)
Exchange translation differences	(2)	0
At end of year	£ 106	£ 99

Trade and Other Payables - Summ

Trade and Other Payables - Summary of Trade and Other Payables (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Trade and other payables [abstract]
Trade payables	£ 109	£ 154
Accruals	718	634
Social security and other taxes	141	174
Other payables	351	352
Deferred income	1,956	1,946
Total	£ 3,275	£ 3,260

Debt - Summary of types of Borr

Debt - Summary of types of Borrowings both Current and Non-current (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	£ 6,167	£ 7,123
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	131	307
Term debt, excluding fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	3,442	4,147
Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	208	275
Term debt, in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	2,161	2,169
Term debt, previously in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	225	225
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	232	847
Within 1 year [member] | Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	131	307
Within 1 year [member] | Term debt, excluding fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	32
Within 1 year [member] | Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	69	92
Within 1 year [member] | Term debt, in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total		448
More than 1 year [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	5,935	6,276
More than 1 year [member] | Term debt, excluding fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	3,410	4,147
More than 1 year [member] | Lease liabilities [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	139	183
More than 1 year [member] | Term debt, in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	2,161	1,721
More than 1 year [member] | Term debt, previously in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total	£ 225	£ 225

Debt - Additional Information (

Debt - Additional Information (Detail) € in Millions, £ in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2020GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2021USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)	Dec. 31, 2021EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2020EUR (€)
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost (excluding lease liabilities)	£ 3,746	£ 4,843
Proportion of ownership interest in subsidiary	100.00%
Committed bank facility		2,200	$ 3,000
Term debt		560		£ 515	€ 600	€ 600
Fair value of derivative financial instruments	£ 21	70
Term debt, in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total fair value of term debt		2,235		2,268
Term debt, previously in fair value hedging relationships [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Total fair value of term debt		£ 270		255
Tranche One [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Committed bank facility			1,263	936
Committed bank facility maturity year	2023
Tranche Two [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Committed bank facility			$ 1,706	£ 1,264
Committed bank facility maturity year	2024

Debt - Summary of Repayment Yea

Debt - Summary of Repayment Years for Borrowings (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	£ 131	£ 307
Term debt	5,828	6,541
Lease liabilities	208	275
Total	6,167	7,123
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	131	307
Term debt	32	448
Lease liabilities	69	92
Total	232	847
1-2 years [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Term debt	641	32
Lease liabilities	40	47
Total	681	79
2-3 years [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Term debt	1,012	651
Lease liabilities	37	44
Total	1,049	695
3-4 years [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Term debt	628	1,082
Lease liabilities	29	37
Total	657	1,119
4-5 years [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Term debt	626	673
Lease liabilities	17	28
Total	643	701
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Term debt	2,889	3,655
Lease liabilities	16	27
Total	2,905	3,682
More than 1 year [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Term debt	5,796	6,093
Lease liabilities	139	183
Total	£ 5,935	£ 6,276

Debt - Analysis of Borrowings b

Debt - Analysis of Borrowings by Currency (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	£ 131	£ 307
Term debt	5,828	6,541
Lease liabilities	208	275
Total	6,167	7,123
US dollars [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	68	228
Term debt	2,691	2,751
Lease liabilities	79	120
Total	2,838	3,099
Pounds Sterling [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper		9
Lease liabilities	51	60
Total	51	69
Euro [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	15	20
Term debt	3,137	3,790
Lease liabilities	47	61
Total	3,199	3,871
Other Currencies [member]
Disclosure Of Detailed Information About Borrowings [Line Items]
Short-term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper	48	50
Lease liabilities	31	34
Total	£ 79	£ 84

Lease Arrangements - Summary of

Lease Arrangements - Summary of Right of Use Assets (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Quantitative Information About Rightofuse Assets [Abstract]
At start of year	£ 216	£ 264
Additions	25	25
Acquisitions	0	1
Remeasurement	9	12
Disposals	(5)	(1)
Depreciation	(66)	(77)
Impairment	(14)	(11)
Exchange translation differences	(4)	3
At end of year	£ 161	£ 216

Lease Arrangements - Summary _2

Lease Arrangements - Summary of Lease Liability (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Lease Liabilities [Line Items]
Total lease liabilities	£ (208)	£ (275)
Property [member]
Disclosure Of Lease Liabilities [Line Items]
Current lease liabilities	(67)	(88)
Non-current lease liabilities	(136)	(178)
Non-property [member]
Disclosure Of Lease Liabilities [Line Items]
Current lease liabilities	(2)	(4)
Non-current lease liabilities	£ (3)	£ (5)

Lease Arrangements - Additional

Lease Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Presentation of leases for lessee [abstract]
Interest expense on lease liabilities	£ 8	£ 12	£ 15
Leases with future cash outflows	£ 5	£ 9

Lease Arrangements - Summary _3

Lease Arrangements - Summary of Finance Lease Receivable (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Presentation of leases for lessee [abstract]
Net finance lease receivable	£ 2	£ 18

Share Capital, Share Premium _3

Share Capital, Share Premium and Shares Held in Treasury - Summary of Called up Share Capital Issued and Fully Paid (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	£ 286	£ 286
Issue of ordinary shares	0	0
At end of year	£ 286	£ 286
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	1,982,299,312	1,980,802,659
Issue of ordinary shares	2,662,320	1,496,653
At end of year	1,984,961,632	1,982,299,312

Share Capital, Share Premium _4

Share Capital, Share Premium and Shares Held in Treasury - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Consideration amount for employee benefit trust shares purchased	£ 1	£ 37	£ 37
Total amount held by the Employee Benefit Trust	£ 86	£ 97	£ 94
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Total amount held employee benefit trust	61,040
Shares held by the employee benefit trust	5,448,564	6,192,953	6,753,010
Shares held in treasury	50,087,679	50,087,679	42,267,027
Cancellation of treasury shares	0	0
RELX PLC [member] | Shares held in treasury [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Repurchase of ordinary shares	0	7.8	33.5
Aggregate consideration for repurchase of shares		£ 150

Share Capital, Share Premium _5

Share Capital, Share Premium and Shares Held in Treasury - Summary of Number of Ordinary Shares (Detail) - RELX PLC [member] - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	1,982,300,000
Issue of ordinary shares	2,662,320	1,496,653
Repurchase of ordinary shares	0
Net release/(purchase) of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	0
At end of year	1,985,000,000	1,982,300,000
Shares held in treasury [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of period, treasury shares	(56,300,000)
Issue of ordinary shares	0
Repurchase of ordinary shares	0
Net release/(purchase) of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	700,000
At end of year, treasury shares	(55,600,000)	(56,300,000)
Share capital [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
At start of year	1,926,018,680	1,931,800,000
Issue of ordinary shares	2,700,000	1,500,000
Repurchase of ordinary shares	0	(7,800,000)
Net release/(purchase) of shares by the Employee Benefit Trust	700,000	500,000
At end of year	1,929,425,389	1,926,018,680

Share Capital, Share Premium _6

Share Capital, Share Premium and Shares Held in Treasury - Summary of Number of Ordinary Shares (Parenthetical) (Detail) - shares	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
RELX PLC [member] | Share capital [member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Total shares in issue net of treasury shares	1,929,425,389	1,926,018,680	1,931,800,000

Other Reserves - Summary of Oth

Other Reserves - Summary of Other Reserves (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
RELX PLC shareholders	£ 1,471	£ 1,224	£ 1,505
Dividends paid	(930)	(886)	(851)
Actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes	321	(155)	(137)
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	10	(6)	16
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(9)	22	35
Net tax credit recognised in other comprehensive income	(49)	35	15
Acquisitions			(1)
Hedge reserve [member]
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
Other reserves, at start of year	19
RELX PLC shareholders	0
Dividends paid	0
Actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes	0
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	10
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(9)
Net tax credit recognised in other comprehensive income	(1)
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	0
Settlement of share awards	0
Acquisitions	0
Other reserves, at end of year	19	19
Other Reserves [member]
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
Other reserves, at start of year	1,195
RELX PLC shareholders	1,471
Dividends paid	(920)
Actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes	321
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	0
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	0
Net tax credit recognised in other comprehensive income	(48)
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	55
Settlement of share awards	(12)
Acquisitions	0
Other reserves, at end of year	2,062	1,195
Other reserves [member]
Disclosure of other reserves [line items]
Other reserves, at start of year	1,214	979
RELX PLC shareholders	1,471	1,224
Dividends paid	(920)	(880)
Actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes	321	(155)
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges	10	(6)
Transfer to net profit from cash flow hedge reserve	(9)	22
Net tax credit recognised in other comprehensive income	(49)	35
Increase in share based remuneration reserve (net of tax)	55	27
Settlement of share awards	(12)	(34)
Acquisitions	0	2
Other reserves, at end of year	£ 2,081	£ 1,214	£ 979

Related Party Transactions - Ad

Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Deemed benefits provided to former directors		£ 0	£ 0
Aggregate gains made by executive directors	£ 0	0	0
Joint ventures where entity is venturer [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Revenue from sale of goods and services, related party transactions	0	0	4
Revenue from rendering of goods and services, related party transactions	0.2	0.1	0.1
Amounts receivable, related party transactions	2.4	0.8	5
Amounts payable, related party transactions	£ 1.4	£ 0.4	£ 0.5

Related Party Transactions - Su

Related Party Transactions - Summary of Key Management Personnel Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Salaries, other short-term employee benefits and non-executive fees	£ 7	£ 6	£ 7
Post-employment benefits	1	1	1
Share based remuneration	8	1	7
Total	£ 16	£ 8	£ 15

Related Party Transactions - _2

Related Party Transactions - Summary of Executive Directors Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Executive directors salary	£ 2,085	£ 2,034	£ 1,984
Executive directors benefits	97	99	101
Executive directors annual incentive	3,604	2,623	3,038
Executive directors cost of share based remuneration	7,953	595	7,343
Executive directors cost of pension provision	774	687	725
Total executive directors	£ 14,514	£ 6,038	£ 13,191

Related Party Transactions - _3

Related Party Transactions - Summary of Non-Executive Directors Remuneration (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [abstract]
Fees and benefits	£ 1,055	£ 1,558	£ 1,569

Exchange Rates - Summary of Exc

Exchange Rates - Summary of Exchange Rates in Preparing Consolidated Statements (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Euro to sterling [member] | Income statement [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Average foreign exchange rate	1.16	1.12	1.14
Euro to sterling [member] | Statement of financial position [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Closing foreign exchange rate	1.19	1.12
US dollars to sterling [member] | Income statement [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Average foreign exchange rate	1.38	1.28	1.28
US dollars to sterling [member] | Statement of financial position [member]
Disclosure Of Foreign Exchange Rates [Line Items]
Closing foreign exchange rate	1.35	1.37

Related undertakings - Summary

Related undertakings - Summary of Full list of Related Parties - Australia to Italy (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
Australia [member] | Emailage Pty Ltd [member] | Preference shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Emailage Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Tower 2, Level 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067
Australia [member] | LNRS Data Services Australia Ply Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LNRS Data Services (Australia) Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Building B, Level 2, Unit 11, 1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153
Australia [member] | Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Australia Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Tower 2, Level 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067
Australia [member] | Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed International Books Australia Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Tower 2, Level 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067
Australia [member] | RELX Australia Pty Limited [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Australia Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Tower 2, Level 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067
Australia [member] | ThreatMetrix Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ThreatMetrix Pty Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Tower 2, Level 1, 475 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067
Austria [member] | LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH & Co KG [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Verlag ARD ORAC GmbH & Co KG
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Marxergasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | ORAC GmbH [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ORAC GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Marxergasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | Reed CEE GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed CEE GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Messe Salzburg GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
Austria [member] | Reed Messe Wien GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Messe Wien GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Messeplatz 1, 1020, Wien, Austria
Austria [member] | RELX Austria GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Austria GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Am Messezentrum 6, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
Austria [member] | Standout GmbH [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Standout GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Am Messezentrum 7, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
Belgium [member] | LexisNexis BVBA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis BV
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Oudenaardseheerweg 129, 9810 Nazareth, Belgium
BRAZIL [member] | Elsevier Editora Ltda [member] | Quotas
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Editora Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua da Assembleia no 100, 6th Floor, RJ Centro, Rio de Janiero, 20011-904, Brazil
BRAZIL [member] | Fircosoft Brazil Consultoria e Servicos de Informatica Ltda [member] | Quotas
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fircosoft Brasil Consultoria e Servicos de Informatica Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Bela Cintra 2305, São Paulo, 01415-009,Brazil
BRAZIL [member] | LexisNexis Informacoes e Sistemas Empresariais Ltda [member] | Quotas
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Informações e Sistemas Empresariais Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Avenida Ibirapuera, 2033, CJ 81, SL 6, Sao Paulo , SP, 04029-901, Brazil
BRAZIL [member] | LexisNexis Serviços de Análise de Risco Ltda [member] | Quotas
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Serviços de Análise de Risco Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Alameda Rio Negro, 161 Alphaville Industrial, Barueri SP 06.455-000, Brazil
BRAZIL [member] | MLex Brasil Midia Mercadoligica Ltda [member] | Quotas
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex Brasil Midia Mercadologica Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Avenida paulista, 2300-Piso Pilotis room 28, Sao Paulo, 01310-300,Brazil
BRAZIL [member] | Reed Exhibitions Alcantara Machado Ltda [member] | Quotas
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Alcântara Machado Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Bela Cintra no. 1200, 10th floor, Sâo Paulo, 01415-001, Brazil
BRAZIL [member] | SST Software do Brasil Ltda [member] | Quotas
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SST Software do Brasil Ltda
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua Cel Fonseca, 203 A-Centro, Botucatu, SP, 18600-200,Brazil
Canada [member] | Elsevier Canada Inc [Member] | Common [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Canada Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	26E-1501 av. McGill College, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 3N9, Canada
Canada [member] | LexisNexis Canada Inc. [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Canada Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	123 Commerce Valley Drive East, Suite 700, Markham, Ontario, L3T 7W8, Canada
Canada [member] | RELX Canada Ltd. [member] | Common [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Canada Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	555 RIichmond Street West, Toronto, Ontario,M5V 3B1, Canada
CHINA | Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Bakery China Exhibitions Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	25.00%
Reg office	Zhongkun Building, Room 612, Gaoliangqiaoxie Street, No. 59, Haidan District, Beijing, 100044, China
CHINA | Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd [member] | Common [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Beijing Medtime Elsevier Education Technology Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	West Building of Administration Building, Xueyuan Road No. 38 Peking University Health Science Center, Haidan District, Beijing, 100191, China
CHINA | C-One Energy Co Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	C-One Energy (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Unit B1303-1 & 1305, 13F Center Plaza, 161 Linhe Road West, Tianhe District Guangzhou, China
CHINA | Genilex (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Genilex (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	404 F4, No.9 Shangdi 9th Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
CHINA | ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ICIS Consulting (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Room 12B, 7th Floor, Oriental Plaza, 1 East Chang An Avenue, Beijing, China
CHINA | KeAi Communications Co Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	16 Donghuangchenggen North Street, Beijing, 100717, China
CHINA | LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd [member] | Common [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Shanghai) Information Technologies Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Room 5106, Raffle City, 268 Middle Xizang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001, China
CHINA | Reed Business Information Shanghai Co Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information (Shanghai) Co Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	4/F Block C, No 999 Jingzhong Road, Changning District, Shanghai, China
CHINA | Reed Elsevier Information Technology Beijing Co Ltd | Common [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Oriental Plaza, No. 1 East Chang An Ave, Tower W1, 7th Floor, Unit 1-7, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100738, China
CHINA | Reed Exhibitions China Co Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions (China) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
CHINA | Reed Exhibitions Henjin Co Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Hengjin Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	51.00%
Reg office	Floor 2, No.979, Yunhan Road, Nicheng Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
CHINA | Reed Exhibitions Shanghai Co Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Room 304, Sanlian Building, No.8, Huajing Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200070, China
CHINA | Reed Huabai Exhibitions Beijing Co Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Huabai Exhibitions (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	51.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
CHINA | Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Huabo Exhibitions (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	65.00%
Reg office	Shenzhen International Chamber of Commerce Tower, Room 1801-1802, 1805, Fuhua 3rd Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518048, China
CHINA | Reed Huaqun Exhibitions Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Huaqun Exhibitions Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	52.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
CHINA | Reed Exhibitions Kuozhan (Shanghai) Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Kuozhan (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	60.00%
Reg office	Intercontinental Center, 42F, 100 Yutong Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200070, China
CHINA | Reed Sinopharm Exhibitions Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Sinopharm Exhibitions Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Ping An International Finance Center, Room 1504, 15th Floor, Tower A-101, 3-24 floor, Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100027, China
CHINA | RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (China) Investment Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Room 319, 238 Jiangchangsan Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, China
CHINA | Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Shanghai Datong Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	5/F Unit A, Digital China Centre No. 567 Tianshan West Road, ChangNing District, Shanghai, 200335, China
CHINA | Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Shanghai SinoReal Exhibitions Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	27.50%
Reg office	Building 2, Room No. 3895, Changjiang Avenue, No. 161, Changliang Farm, Chongming County, Shanghai, China
CHINA | Z&R Exhibitions Co., Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Z&R Exhibitions Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	27.50%
Reg office	A0208, 1st floor, building 2, Yard 66, Yanfu Road, Yancun Tow, Fangshan District Beijing, China
Colombia [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions S.A.S.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Philippe Prietocarrizosa & Uria Abogados, Carrera 9 No. 74-08 Oficina 105, Bogotá, d.c., 76600, Colombia
Denmark [member] | Elsevier A/S [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier A/S
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Niels Jernes Vej 10, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
Dubai, UAE [member] | Reed Exhibitions F Z-LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions F Z-LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Office G-49, Building No 9, Dubai Media City, Post Box 502425, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Dubai, UAE [member] | RELX Middle East FZ-LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Middle East FZ-LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Al Sufouh Complex, Floor 3, No. 304, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Egypt [member] | Elsevier Egypt LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Egypt LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Land Mark Office Building, 2nd Floor, 90th Street, City Center, 5th Settlement, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
France [member] | Closd SAS [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Closd SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	168, Rue Saint-Denis, 75002 Paris, France
France [member] | Elsevier Holding France SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Holding France SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issy les Moulineaux, France
France [member] | Elsevier Masson SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Masson SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	65, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130, Issy les Moulineaux, France
France [member] | Evoluprint SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Evoluprint SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Parc Euronord – 10, rue du Parc – 31150 Bruguieres, France
France [member] | Fircosoft SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fircosoft SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	151-155 Rue de Bercy, 75012 Paris, France
France [member] | GIE EDI Data [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	GIE EDI Data
Percentage of undertaking	83.00%
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris, France
France [member] | GIE Juris Data [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	GIE Juris Data
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris, France
France [member] | GIE PRK – Publicite Robert Krier [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	GIE PRK – Publicite Robert Krier
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux, France
France [member] | LexisNexis Business Information Solutions SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Business Information Solutions SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris, France
France [member] | LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Business Information Solutions Holding SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Immeuble « Technopolis », 350 rue Georges Besse –Nîmes (30000), France
France [member] | LexisNexis International Development & Services SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis International Development & Services SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris, France
France [member] | LexisNexis SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	141 rue de Javel, 75015 Paris, France
France [member] | Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions ISG SARL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	27-33 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
France [member] | RELX France SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX France SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	27-33 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
France [member] | RELX France Services SAS [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX France Services SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	151-155 Rue de Bercy, 75012 Paris, France
France [member] | RX France SAS [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RX France SAS
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	52 Quai de Dion Bouton 92800 Puteaux, France
France [member] | SAFI SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SAFI SA
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	6-8 Rue Chaptal, 75009 Paris, France
Germany [member] | Elsevier GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Bernhard-Wicki-Strasse 5, 80636, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
Germany [member] | Elsevier Information Systems GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Information Systems GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	St. Martin Tower, Wing, 2nd floor, Franklinstraße 61-63, 60486, Frankfurt am Main Hessen, Germany
Germany [member] | LexisNexis GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Heerdter Sandberg 30, 40549, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | PatentSight GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PatentSight GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Joseph-Schumpeter-Allee 33, 53227, Bonn
Germany [member] | Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Deutschland GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | RELX Deutschland GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Deutschland GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Völklinger Strasse 4, 40219, Düsseldorf, Germany
Germany [member] | Tschach Solutions GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Tschach Solutions GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Steinhäuserstrasse 9, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany
Greece [member] | Mack Brooks Hellas SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Mack Brooks Hellas SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	188A, Filolaou Str., Athens, 11632, Greece
Hong Kong [member] | Ascend China Holding Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Ascend China Holding Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	20/F Alexandra House, 18 Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong
Hong Kong [member] | JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	JC Exhibition and Promotion Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	65.00%
Reg office	17th Floor, One Island East, Taikoo Place, 18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
Hong Kong [member] | JYLN Sager Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	JYLN Sager Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Flat 1506, 15/F, Lucky Center, No. 165-171 Wan Chai Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
Hong Kong [member] | LNRS Data Services China Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LNRS Data Services (China) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Level 54 Hopewell Center, 183 Queens Road East, Hong Kong
Hong Kong [member] | Reed Exhibitions Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	17th Floor, One Island East, Taikoo Place, 18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
Hong Kong [member] | RELX (Greater China) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Greater China) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	11/F Oxford House, Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
India [member] | FircoSoft India Private Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	FircoSoft India Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	S21 Vatika Centre, No 471 Anna Salai, Taynampet, Chennai, 600035, India
India [member] | Next Events Pvt Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Next Events Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
India [member] | Parity Computing India Pvt Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Parity Computing India Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	99/100, Prestige Towers Unit No. 505, Fifth Floor, Residency Road, Bangalore , Karnataka, 560025, India
India [member] | Reed Elsevier Publishing (India) Pvt Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier Publishing (India) Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
India [member] | Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd (70%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Manch Exhibitions Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
India [member] | Reed Triune Exhibitions Private Ltd (72%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Triune Exhibitions Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	72.00%
Reg office	#25, 3rd floor, 8th Main Road, Vasanthnager, Bangalore, 560052, India
India [member] | RELX India Private Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX India Private Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	818, 8th Floor, Indraprakash Builing, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, 110001, India
Indonesia [member] | PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia [member] | Class B ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	APL Tower Central Park 26th Floor Unit T3 Jl. S. Parman Kav., 28, Grogol, Pertamburan Jakarta Barat 11470, Indonesia
Indonesia [member] | PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PT Reed Exhibitions Indonesia
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	APL Tower Central Park 26th Floor Unit T3 Jl. S. Parman Kav., 28, Grogol, Pertamburan Jakarta Barat 11470, Indonesia
Indonesia [member] | PT RELX Information Analytics Indonesia [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PT RELX Information Analytics Indonesia
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gedung World Trade Center, 3 LT 20 Spaces JL Jend Sudirman Kav 29-31 RT/RW 008/003, Karet Kuningan, Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta 12940 Indonesia
Ireland [member] | Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Services Ireland Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Suite 4320, Atlantic Avenue, Westpark Business Campus, Shannon, Clare, Ireland
Ireland [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Europe) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Europe) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
Ireland [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions (Ireland) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	80 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
Ireland [member] | 3D4Medical Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	3D4Medical Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1st Floor The Grange Stillorgan Road, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
Ireland [member] | 3D4Medical Support Services Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	3D4Medical Support Services Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1st Floor The Grange Stillorgan Road, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
Israel [member] | LexisNexis Israel Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Israel Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Meitar, attorneys at Law, 16 Abba Hillel Road, Ramat Gan, 5250608, Israel
Italy [member] | Elsevier SRL [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Via Marostica 1, 20146, Milan, Italy
Italy [member] | ICIS Italia SRL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ICIS Italia SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Studio Colombo e Associati, Via Cino del Duca 5, 20122, Milano, Italy
Italy [member] | Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions ISG Italy SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Via Marostica 1, 20146, Milan, Italy
Italy [member] | Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Italia SRL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Via Marostica 1, 20146, Milan, Italy

Related undertakings - Summar_2

Related undertakings - Summary of Full list of Related Parties - Japan to United Kingdom (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
JAPAN | Ascend Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Ascend Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Kyodo Tsushin Kaikam 2F, 2-2-5 Toronomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001
JAPAN | Elsevier Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-9-15, Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
JAPAN | LexisNexis Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-9-15, Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
JAPAN | PatentSight Japan Inc [Member] | Common shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PatentSight Japan Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	7F Cross Office Uchisaiwaicho, 1-18-6 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo
JAPAN | Reed ISG Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed ISG Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg., 1-26-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
JAPAN | RX Japan KK [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RX Japan KK
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Shinjuku-Nomura Bldg., 1-26-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Korea (South) [member] | Elsevier Korea LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Korea LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Chunwoo Building, 4th floor, 534 Itaewon-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoel, 140-861, Republic of Korea
Korea (South) [member] | Lexis Nexis Legal And Professional Service Korea Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Legal and Professional Service Korea Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	206 Noksapyeong-daero, Yongsan-gu, Seoel, Republic of Korea
Korea (South) [member] | Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Korea Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1622-24 Block A Terra Tower2, 201 Songpa-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Korea (South) [member] | Reed Exporum Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exporum Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	60.00%
Reg office	4th floor at 195-6 Jamsil-dong, Songpagu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Korea (South) [member] | Reed K. Fairs Ltd seventy percentage [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed K. Fairs Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	1622-24 Block A Terra Tower2, 201 Songpa-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Malaysia [member] | LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Suite 29-1, Level 29, Vertical Corporate, Tower B, Avenue 10, The Vertical, 59200 Bangsar South City, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Macau [member] | Reed Exhibitions Macau Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Macau Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rua De Xangai, No. 175 Edif. Associacao Comercial de Macau, 11 Andar, Bloco K, Macau
Mexico. | Emailage MCA, SA de CV | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Emailage MCA, SA de CV
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	DVNA Del Valle-Nunez y Asociados, Goldsmith No 37 Desp 803, Col Planco Chapultepe, Ciudad de Viver, 11.560,Mexico
Mexico. | Masson-Doyma Mexico, S.A. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Masson-Doyma Mexico, S.A.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Av Insurgentes Sur # 1388 Piso 8, Col. Actipan, Deleg. Benito Juarez, Mexico DF, C.P. 03230, Mexico
Mexico. | Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V. [member] | Fixed Shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Mexico S.A. de C.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Avenida Paseo de la Reforma 243, Piso 15, Col. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, 06500, Mexico
New Zealand [member] | LexisNexis NZ Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis NZ Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Level 1, 138 The Terrace, P.O. Box 472, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
Philippines. | Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc. [member] | Common shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Elsevier Shared Services (Philippines) Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Building H, 2nd Floor, U.P. Ayalaland TechnoHub, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila, 1101, Philippines
Poland [member] | AI Digital Contracts Sp. z.o.o. (75%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	AI Digital Contracts Sp. z.o.o.
Percentage of undertaking	75.00%
Reg office	ul. św. Antoniego 2/4, 50-073, Wrocław, Poland
Poland [member] | Elsevier sp. z.o.o. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Sp. z.o.o.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Al. JJana Pawla II, 22, 00-133, Warszawa, Poland
Russia [member] | Elsevier LLC [member] | Participations shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Office 13, room 1, 2nd Syromyatnicheskiy 1, 105120, Moscow, Russian Federation
Russia [member] | LexisNexis LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Office 13, room 1, 2nd Syromyatnicheskiy 1, 105120, Moscow, Russian Federation
Russia [member] | Real estate events direct [member] | Participations shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Real Estate Events Direct LLC
Percentage of undertaking	80.00%
Reg office	Office 13, room 1, 2nd Syromyatnicheskiy 1, 105120, Moscow, Russian Federation
Russia [member] | Relx LLC [member] | Participations shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Office 13, room 1, 2nd Syromyatnicheskiy 1, 105120, Moscow, Russian Federation
Russia [member] | 3D4Medical LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	3D4Medical LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Krasnykh Partizan St. 152, Office 505, 350049, City of Krasnodar, Russian Federation
SINGAPORE | Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House 1, Singapore, 239519, Singapore
SINGAPORE | Emailage Pte. Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Emailage Pte. Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	71 Robinson Road, #14-01, 068895, Singapore
SINGAPORE | Lexis-Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd [member] | Ordinary B Preference [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Lexis-Nexis Philippines Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	75.00%
Reg office	80 Robinson Road, #02-00, Singapore, 068898, Singapore
SINGAPORE | RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE (HAPL) Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	3 Killiney Road, #08-01 Winsland House 1, Singapore, 239519, Singapore
SINGAPORE | RELX (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Singapore) Pte. Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	80 Robinson Road, #02-00, Singapore, 068898, Singapore
SINGAPORE | LNRS Data Services Pte Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LNRS Data Services Pte Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1 Changi Business Park Crescent, #06-01 Plaza 8 & CBP, 48602551, Singapore
South Africa [member] | Globalrange SA Pty Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Globalrange SA (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Fourways Gold Park, 1st Floor – Wentworth Building, 32 Roos Street, Fourways, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd (78%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	78.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd (78%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Management (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	78.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd (78%) [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Property Payment Exchange (SA) (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	78.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | RELX (Pty) Ltd. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd ninety percentage [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Events Management Pty Ltd [Member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Events Management (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Exhibitions Group (Pty) Limited [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Group(Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
South Africa [member] | Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Venue Management (Pty) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	90.00%
Reg office	Building 8, Country Club Estate Office Park, 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Gauteng, 2191, South Africa
Spain [member] | Elsevier Espana SL [member] | Participations shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Espana SL
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	C/ Josep Tarradellas 20-30, 1º / 20029, Barcelona, Spain
Switzerland [member] | Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Fircosoft Schweiz GmbH
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Bahnhofstrasse 100, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
Switzerland [member] | RELX Swiss holdings SA [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Swiss Holdings SA
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Faubourg de l’Hôpital 23, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
Taiwan [member] | Elsevier Taiwan LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Taiwan LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Rm N818, 8F, Chia Hsin Building II, No. 9, Lane 3, Minsheng West Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
Thailand [member] | Reed Tradex Company Ltd [member] | Ordinary Preference [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Tradex Company Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	Sathorn Nakorn Building, Floor 32, No. 100/68-69 North Sathon Road, Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, 10500, Thailand
Thailand [member] | RELX Holding (Thailand) Co., Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Holding (Thailand) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	14th Floor, CTI Tower, 191/70-73 Ratchadapisek Road, Khwaeng Klongtoey, Khet, Klongtoey, Bangkok, Thailand
Thailand [member] | RELX Information Analytics (Thailand) Co Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Information Analytics (Thailand) Co., Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	2 Ploenchit Centre, Room 7, Floor G., Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
Netherlands [member] | AGRM Solutions C.V. [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	AGRM Solutions C.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | Elsevier B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | ICIS Benchmarking Europe B.V [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ICIS Benchmarking Europe B.V
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Business Information Solutions B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | LexisNexis Univentio B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Univentio B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | LNRS Data Services BV [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LNRS Data Services BV
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | Misset Uitgeverij B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Misset Uitgeverij B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	Prins Hendrikstraat 17, 7001GK Doetinchem
Netherlands [member] | One Business B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	One Business B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	33.00%
Reg office	Spaklerweg 53, 1114 AE Amsterdam-Duivendrecht
Netherlands [member] | RELX Employment Company B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Employment Company B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX Finance B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Finance B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX Holdings B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Holdings B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX Nederland B.V. [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Nederland B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands [member] | RELX Overseas B.V. [member] | Ordinary RE [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Overseas B.V.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands
TURKEY | Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited sirketi [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier STM Bilgi Hizmetleri Limited Şirketi
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Maslak Mah. Bilim Sokak Sun Plaza Kat:13 Şişli-Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
TURKEY | Mack Brooks Fuarcilik A.S [member] | Registered capital [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Mack Brooks Fuarcilik A.S
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Fulya Mah. Hakkı Yeten Cad. No:10/C, Selenium Plaza Kat:5,6 Fulya, Beşiktaş İstanbul, Turkey
TURKEY | Reed Tuyap Fuarcilik A.S. [member] | Class A-Ordinary / Class B-Ordinary [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Tüyap Fuarcilik A.Ş.
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	E - 5 Karayolu Üzeri, Gürpınar Kavşağı 34500, Büyükçekmece, Istanbul, 34500, Turkey
United Kingdom [member] | 3rd Street Group Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	3rd Street Group Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Gapsquare Ltd [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gapsquare Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Gapsquare Ltd [member] | Class B ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gapsquare Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Butterworths Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Butterworths Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Cordery Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Cordery Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	71.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Cordery Compliance Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Cordery Compliance Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	71.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Crediva Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Crediva Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Dew Events Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Dew Events Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Digital Foundry Network [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Digital Foundry Network Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | E & P Events LLP [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	E & P Events LLP
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Elsevier Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Life Sciences IP Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Emailage Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Emailage Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Gamer Network Ltd | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gamer Network Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Imbibe Media Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Imbibe Media Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Insurance Initiatives Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Insurance Initiatives Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Third Floor, City Buildings, Carrington Street, Nottingham, NG1 7FG
United Kingdom [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions UK Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions UK Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | LNRS Data Services Holdings Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LNRS Data Services HoldingsLtd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | LNRS Data Services Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LNRS Data Services Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Mack-Brooks Exhibitions Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Mack-Brooks Exhibitions Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Mack Brooks (France) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Mack-Brooks (France) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | MCM Central Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MCM Central Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | MCM Expo Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MCM Expo Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Mendeley Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Mendeley Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | MLex Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Lexis House, 30 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HH, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | NLife Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	NLife Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	23.50%
Reg office	5 Oakwood Drive, Loughborough, England, LE11 3QF
United Kingdom [member] | Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Offshore Europe (Management) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Offshore Europe Partnership [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Offshore Europe Partnership
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Out There Gaming Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Out There Gaming Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	70.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Oxford Spires Management Co; Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	55.00%
Reg office	40 Kimbolton Road, Bedford, England, MK40 2NR
United Kingdom [member] | RE (EPS) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE (EPS) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE (HPL) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE (HPL) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE (RCB) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE (RCB) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE Secretaries Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE Secretaries Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RE (SOE) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RE (SOE) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Business Information Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Business Information Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Events Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Events Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Exhibitions Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Exhibitions Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 1DN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Reed Nominees Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Nominees Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX (Holdings) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Holdings) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX (Investments) plc [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (Investments) plc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX (UK) Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX (UK) Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX Finance Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Finance Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | REV GP (UK) LLP [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	REV GP (UK) LLP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | REV V LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	REV V LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX Group plc [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Group plc
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Overseas Holdings Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | REV Venture Partners Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	REV Venture Partners Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1-3 Strand, London, WC2N 5JR, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | SciBite Ltd [member] | Class A ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SciBite Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Biodata Innovation Centre Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, England, CB10 1DR
United Kingdom [member] | SciBite Ltd [member] | Class B ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SciBite Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Biodata Innovation Centre Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, England, CB10 1DR
United Kingdom [member] | SciBite Ltd [member] | C Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SciBite Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Biodata Innovation Centre Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, England, CB10 1DR
United Kingdom [member] | Snowflake Software [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Snowflake Software Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Tracesmart Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Tracesmart Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | TruNarrative Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	TruNarrative Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Global Reach, Dunleavy Drive, Cardiff, CF11 0SN, United Kingdom
United Kingdom [member] | Wunelli Ltd [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Wunelli Ltd
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Lakeside, Western Road, Portsmouth, PO6 3EN, United Kingdom

Related undertakings - Summar_3

Related undertakings - Summary of Full list of Related Parties - United States to Vietnam (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021
US [member] | Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Accuity Asset Verification Services Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201
US [member] | Accuity Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Accuity Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201
US [member] | Altiris Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Altiris, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201
US [member] | American Textile Machinery Exhibitions International Inc. [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	American Textile Machinery Exhibition International Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	40.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Aries Systems Corporation [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Aries Systems Corporation
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Chemical Data, LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Chemical Data, LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Crop Data Management Systems Inc [Member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Crop Data Management Systems, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Dunlap-Hanna Publishers [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Dunlap-Hanna Publishers
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458
US [member] | Elsevier Holdings Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Holdings Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Elsevier Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Elsevier Medical Information LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier Medical Information LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Elsevier STM Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Elsevier STM Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Emailage Corporation [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Emailage Corp.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | Enclarity, Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Enclarity, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | Gaming Business Asia LLC Fifty Percentage [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Gaming Business Asia LLC
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Health Market Science Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Health Market Science, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | ID Analytics LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ID Analytics LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201
US [member] | IDGRBI China Publishers LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	IDG-RBI China Publishers LLC
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Knovel Corporation [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Knovel Corporation
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Knowable Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Knowable Inc
Percentage of undertaking	75.00%
Reg office	1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | Knowledge Diffusion Inc [Member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Knowledge Diffusion Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Legal In Query Solutions Inc [Member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Legal InQuery Solutions Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg, OH 45342
US [member] | LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Claims Solutions Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Coplogic Solutions Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Of Puerto Rico Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis of Puerto Rico Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	9443 Springboro Pike, Miamisburg, OH 45342
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Assets Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Holdings Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions Inc .
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Risk Solutions FL Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Risk Solutions FL Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LexisNexis Special Services Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis Special Services Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Puerta Del Condado #1095, Wilson Ave, Local #3, San Juan, PR 00907
US [member] | LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LexisNexis VitalChek Network Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | LNRS Data Services Inc. | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	LNRS Data Services Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	3355 West Alabama Street, Houston, TX 77098
US [member] | Matthew Bender And Company Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | MLex US Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	MLex US, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | PCLaw Time Matters LLC [member] | No Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PCLaw Time Matters LLC
Percentage of undertaking	51.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | PoliceReports.US, LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	PoliceReports.US, LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | Portfolio Media, Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Portfolio Media, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | Reed Technology and Information Services Inc. [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Technology and Information Services Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | RELX Capital Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Capital Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | RELX Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | RELX Risks Inc. [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX Risks Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | RELX US Holdings Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	RELX US Holdings Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | REV IV Partnership LP [member] | No Stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	REV IV Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | SAFI Americas LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SAFI Americas LLC
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | SageStream LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	SageStream LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1007 Church Street, Evanston IL 60201
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2005 Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2005 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2006 Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2006 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2011 Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2011 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2012 Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2012 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2013 Partnership LP [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Reed Elsevier Ventures 2013 Partnership LP
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | The Remick Publishers [member] | Partnership interest [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	The Remick Publishers
Percentage of undertaking	50.00%
Reg office	313 Washington Street, Suite 400, Newton, MA 02458
US [member] | ThreatMetrix, Inc. [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ThreatMetrix, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1000 Alderman Dr., Alpharetta, GA 30005
US [member] | TruNarrative LLC [member] | Membership Interest [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	TruNarrative LLC
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	230 Park Ave, New York, NY 10169
US [member] | World Compliance, Inc [member] | Common stock [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	World Compliance, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	1105 North Market St, Wilmington, DE 19801
US [member] | Zetx Inc [member] | Common Stock Common Class B [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	ZetX, Inc.
Percentage of undertaking	100.00%
Reg office	Puerta Del Condado #1095, Wilson Ave, Local #3, San Juan, PR 00907
VIETNAM | Reed Tradex Vietnam LLC [member] | Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Company name	Reed Tradex Vietnam LLC
Percentage of undertaking	49.00%
Reg office	2nd Floor, Kova Center, 92G-92H Nguyen Huu Canh Street, Ward no. 22, District. Binh Thanh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

5 year summary - Summary of Fiv

5 year summary - Summary of Five Year Financial Information (Detail) £ / shares in Units, £ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021GBP (£)£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2020GBP (£)£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019$ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019GBP (£)£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018GBP (£)£ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017GBP (£)£ / shares
Disclosure Of Financial Information [Line Items]
Revenue		£ 7,244		£ 7,110		£ 7,874	£ 7,492	£ 7,341
Reported operating profit		1,884		1,525		2,101	1,964	1,905
Adjusted operating profit		2,210		2,076		2,491	2,346	2,284
Reported net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		1,471		1,224		1,505	1,422	1,648
Adjusted net profit attributable to RELX PLC shareholders		£ 1,689		£ 1,543		£ 1,808	£ 1,674	£ 1,620
Reported earnings per ordinary share (pence) | (per share)	$ 0.763	£ 0.763	$ 0.635	£ 0.635	$ 0.774	£ 0.774
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share (pence) | £ / shares		0.876		0.801		0.930
RELX PLC [member]
Disclosure Of Financial Information [Line Items]
Reported earnings per ordinary share (pence) | £ / shares		0.763		0.635		0.774	£ 0.719	£ 0.816
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share (pence) | £ / shares		0.876		0.801		0.930	0.847	0.802
Dividend per ordinary share (pence) | £ / shares		£ 0.498		£ 0.470		£ 0.457	£ 0.421	£ 0.394